diff sqlite/os_unix.c @ 1434:b6b61becdf4e trunk

[svn] - add sqlite/ directory

--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/sqlite/os_unix.c	Thu Jul 27 22:41:31 2006 -0700
@@ -0,0 +1,1992 @@
+/*
+** 2004 May 22
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+******************************************************************************
+**
+** This file contains code that is specific to Unix systems.
+*/
+#include "sqliteInt.h"
+#include "os.h"
+#if OS_UNIX              /* This file is used on unix only */
+
+/*
+** These #defines should enable >2GB file support on Posix if the
+** underlying operating system supports it.  If the OS lacks
+** large file support, these should be no-ops.
+**
+** Large file support can be disabled using the -DSQLITE_DISABLE_LFS switch
+** on the compiler command line.  This is necessary if you are compiling
+** on a recent machine (ex: RedHat 7.2) but you want your code to work
+** on an older machine (ex: RedHat 6.0).  If you compile on RedHat 7.2
+** without this option, LFS is enable.  But LFS does not exist in the kernel
+** in RedHat 6.0, so the code won't work.  Hence, for maximum binary
+** portability you should omit LFS.
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
+# define _LARGE_FILE       1
+# ifndef _FILE_OFFSET_BITS
+#   define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
+# endif
+# define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE 1
+#endif
+
+/*
+** standard include files.
+*/
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+/*
+** If we are to be thread-safe, include the pthreads header and define
+** the SQLITE_UNIX_THREADS macro.
+*/
+#if defined(THREADSAFE) && THREADSAFE
+# include <pthread.h>
+# define SQLITE_UNIX_THREADS 1
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Default permissions when creating a new file
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_PERMISSIONS
+# define SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_PERMISSIONS 0644
+#endif
+
+
+
+/*
+** The unixFile structure is subclass of OsFile specific for the unix
+** protability layer.
+*/
+typedef struct unixFile unixFile;
+struct unixFile {
+  IoMethod const *pMethod;  /* Always the first entry */
+  struct openCnt *pOpen;    /* Info about all open fd's on this inode */
+  struct lockInfo *pLock;   /* Info about locks on this inode */
+  int h;                    /* The file descriptor */
+  unsigned char locktype;   /* The type of lock held on this fd */
+  unsigned char isOpen;     /* True if needs to be closed */
+  unsigned char fullSync;   /* Use F_FULLSYNC if available */
+  int dirfd;                /* File descriptor for the directory */
+  i64 offset;               /* Seek offset */
+#ifdef SQLITE_UNIX_THREADS
+  pthread_t tid;            /* The thread that "owns" this OsFile */
+#endif
+};
+
+/*
+** Provide the ability to override some OS-layer functions during
+** testing.  This is used to simulate OS crashes to verify that 
+** commits are atomic even in the event of an OS crash.
+*/
+#ifdef SQLITE_CRASH_TEST
+  extern int sqlite3CrashTestEnable;
+  extern int sqlite3CrashOpenReadWrite(const char*, OsFile**, int*);
+  extern int sqlite3CrashOpenExclusive(const char*, OsFile**, int);
+  extern int sqlite3CrashOpenReadOnly(const char*, OsFile**, int);
+# define CRASH_TEST_OVERRIDE(X,A,B,C) \
+    if(sqlite3CrashTestEnable){ return X(A,B,C); }
+#else
+# define CRASH_TEST_OVERRIDE(X,A,B,C)  /* no-op */
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Include code that is common to all os_*.c files
+*/
+#include "os_common.h"
+
+/*
+** Do not include any of the File I/O interface procedures if the
+** SQLITE_OMIT_DISKIO macro is defined (indicating that the database
+** will be in-memory only)
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DISKIO
+
+
+/*
+** Define various macros that are missing from some systems.
+*/
+#ifndef O_LARGEFILE
+# define O_LARGEFILE 0
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
+# undef O_LARGEFILE
+# define O_LARGEFILE 0
+#endif
+#ifndef O_NOFOLLOW
+# define O_NOFOLLOW 0
+#endif
+#ifndef O_BINARY
+# define O_BINARY 0
+#endif
+
+/*
+** The DJGPP compiler environment looks mostly like Unix, but it
+** lacks the fcntl() system call.  So redefine fcntl() to be something
+** that always succeeds.  This means that locking does not occur under
+** DJGPP.  But it's DOS - what did you expect?
+*/
+#ifdef __DJGPP__
+# define fcntl(A,B,C) 0
+#endif
+
+/*
+** The threadid macro resolves to the thread-id or to 0.  Used for
+** testing and debugging only.
+*/
+#ifdef SQLITE_UNIX_THREADS
+#define threadid pthread_self()
+#else
+#define threadid 0
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Set or check the OsFile.tid field.  This field is set when an OsFile
+** is first opened.  All subsequent uses of the OsFile verify that the
+** same thread is operating on the OsFile.  Some operating systems do
+** not allow locks to be overridden by other threads and that restriction
+** means that sqlite3* database handles cannot be moved from one thread
+** to another.  This logic makes sure a user does not try to do that
+** by mistake.
+**
+** Version 3.3.1 (2006-01-15):  OsFiles can be moved from one thread to
+** another as long as we are running on a system that supports threads
+** overriding each others locks (which now the most common behavior)
+** or if no locks are held.  But the OsFile.pLock field needs to be
+** recomputed because its key includes the thread-id.  See the 
+** transferOwnership() function below for additional information
+*/
+#if defined(SQLITE_UNIX_THREADS)
+# define SET_THREADID(X)   (X)->tid = pthread_self()
+# define CHECK_THREADID(X) (threadsOverrideEachOthersLocks==0 && \
+                            !pthread_equal((X)->tid, pthread_self()))
+#else
+# define SET_THREADID(X)
+# define CHECK_THREADID(X) 0
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Here is the dirt on POSIX advisory locks:  ANSI STD 1003.1 (1996)
+** section 6.5.2.2 lines 483 through 490 specify that when a process
+** sets or clears a lock, that operation overrides any prior locks set
+** by the same process.  It does not explicitly say so, but this implies
+** that it overrides locks set by the same process using a different
+** file descriptor.  Consider this test case:
+**
+**       int fd1 = open("./file1", O_RDWR|O_CREAT, 0644);
+**       int fd2 = open("./file2", O_RDWR|O_CREAT, 0644);
+**
+** Suppose ./file1 and ./file2 are really the same file (because
+** one is a hard or symbolic link to the other) then if you set
+** an exclusive lock on fd1, then try to get an exclusive lock
+** on fd2, it works.  I would have expected the second lock to
+** fail since there was already a lock on the file due to fd1.
+** But not so.  Since both locks came from the same process, the
+** second overrides the first, even though they were on different
+** file descriptors opened on different file names.
+**
+** Bummer.  If you ask me, this is broken.  Badly broken.  It means
+** that we cannot use POSIX locks to synchronize file access among
+** competing threads of the same process.  POSIX locks will work fine
+** to synchronize access for threads in separate processes, but not
+** threads within the same process.
+**
+** To work around the problem, SQLite has to manage file locks internally
+** on its own.  Whenever a new database is opened, we have to find the
+** specific inode of the database file (the inode is determined by the
+** st_dev and st_ino fields of the stat structure that fstat() fills in)
+** and check for locks already existing on that inode.  When locks are
+** created or removed, we have to look at our own internal record of the
+** locks to see if another thread has previously set a lock on that same
+** inode.
+**
+** The OsFile structure for POSIX is no longer just an integer file
+** descriptor.  It is now a structure that holds the integer file
+** descriptor and a pointer to a structure that describes the internal
+** locks on the corresponding inode.  There is one locking structure
+** per inode, so if the same inode is opened twice, both OsFile structures
+** point to the same locking structure.  The locking structure keeps
+** a reference count (so we will know when to delete it) and a "cnt"
+** field that tells us its internal lock status.  cnt==0 means the
+** file is unlocked.  cnt==-1 means the file has an exclusive lock.
+** cnt>0 means there are cnt shared locks on the file.
+**
+** Any attempt to lock or unlock a file first checks the locking
+** structure.  The fcntl() system call is only invoked to set a 
+** POSIX lock if the internal lock structure transitions between
+** a locked and an unlocked state.
+**
+** 2004-Jan-11:
+** More recent discoveries about POSIX advisory locks.  (The more
+** I discover, the more I realize the a POSIX advisory locks are
+** an abomination.)
+**
+** If you close a file descriptor that points to a file that has locks,
+** all locks on that file that are owned by the current process are
+** released.  To work around this problem, each OsFile structure contains
+** a pointer to an openCnt structure.  There is one openCnt structure
+** per open inode, which means that multiple OsFiles can point to a single
+** openCnt.  When an attempt is made to close an OsFile, if there are
+** other OsFiles open on the same inode that are holding locks, the call
+** to close() the file descriptor is deferred until all of the locks clear.
+** The openCnt structure keeps a list of file descriptors that need to
+** be closed and that list is walked (and cleared) when the last lock
+** clears.
+**
+** First, under Linux threads, because each thread has a separate
+** process ID, lock operations in one thread do not override locks
+** to the same file in other threads.  Linux threads behave like
+** separate processes in this respect.  But, if you close a file
+** descriptor in linux threads, all locks are cleared, even locks
+** on other threads and even though the other threads have different
+** process IDs.  Linux threads is inconsistent in this respect.
+** (I'm beginning to think that linux threads is an abomination too.)
+** The consequence of this all is that the hash table for the lockInfo
+** structure has to include the process id as part of its key because
+** locks in different threads are treated as distinct.  But the 
+** openCnt structure should not include the process id in its
+** key because close() clears lock on all threads, not just the current
+** thread.  Were it not for this goofiness in linux threads, we could
+** combine the lockInfo and openCnt structures into a single structure.
+**
+** 2004-Jun-28:
+** On some versions of linux, threads can override each others locks.
+** On others not.  Sometimes you can change the behavior on the same
+** system by setting the LD_ASSUME_KERNEL environment variable.  The
+** POSIX standard is silent as to which behavior is correct, as far
+** as I can tell, so other versions of unix might show the same
+** inconsistency.  There is no little doubt in my mind that posix
+** advisory locks and linux threads are profoundly broken.
+**
+** To work around the inconsistencies, we have to test at runtime 
+** whether or not threads can override each others locks.  This test
+** is run once, the first time any lock is attempted.  A static 
+** variable is set to record the results of this test for future
+** use.
+*/
+
+/*
+** An instance of the following structure serves as the key used
+** to locate a particular lockInfo structure given its inode.
+**
+** If threads cannot override each others locks, then we set the
+** lockKey.tid field to the thread ID.  If threads can override
+** each others locks then tid is always set to zero.  tid is omitted
+** if we compile without threading support.
+*/
+struct lockKey {
+  dev_t dev;       /* Device number */
+  ino_t ino;       /* Inode number */
+#ifdef SQLITE_UNIX_THREADS
+  pthread_t tid;   /* Thread ID or zero if threads can override each other */
+#endif
+};
+
+/*
+** An instance of the following structure is allocated for each open
+** inode on each thread with a different process ID.  (Threads have
+** different process IDs on linux, but not on most other unixes.)
+**
+** A single inode can have multiple file descriptors, so each OsFile
+** structure contains a pointer to an instance of this object and this
+** object keeps a count of the number of OsFiles pointing to it.
+*/
+struct lockInfo {
+  struct lockKey key;  /* The lookup key */
+  int cnt;             /* Number of SHARED locks held */
+  int locktype;        /* One of SHARED_LOCK, RESERVED_LOCK etc. */
+  int nRef;            /* Number of pointers to this structure */
+};
+
+/*
+** An instance of the following structure serves as the key used
+** to locate a particular openCnt structure given its inode.  This
+** is the same as the lockKey except that the thread ID is omitted.
+*/
+struct openKey {
+  dev_t dev;   /* Device number */
+  ino_t ino;   /* Inode number */
+};
+
+/*
+** An instance of the following structure is allocated for each open
+** inode.  This structure keeps track of the number of locks on that
+** inode.  If a close is attempted against an inode that is holding
+** locks, the close is deferred until all locks clear by adding the
+** file descriptor to be closed to the pending list.
+*/
+struct openCnt {
+  struct openKey key;   /* The lookup key */
+  int nRef;             /* Number of pointers to this structure */
+  int nLock;            /* Number of outstanding locks */
+  int nPending;         /* Number of pending close() operations */
+  int *aPending;        /* Malloced space holding fd's awaiting a close() */
+};
+
+/* 
+** These hash tables map inodes and file descriptors (really, lockKey and
+** openKey structures) into lockInfo and openCnt structures.  Access to 
+** these hash tables must be protected by a mutex.
+*/
+static Hash lockHash = {SQLITE_HASH_BINARY, 0, 0, 0, 
+    sqlite3ThreadSafeMalloc, sqlite3ThreadSafeFree, 0, 0};
+static Hash openHash = {SQLITE_HASH_BINARY, 0, 0, 0, 
+    sqlite3ThreadSafeMalloc, sqlite3ThreadSafeFree, 0, 0};
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_UNIX_THREADS
+/*
+** This variable records whether or not threads can override each others
+** locks.
+**
+**    0:  No.  Threads cannot override each others locks.
+**    1:  Yes.  Threads can override each others locks.
+**   -1:  We don't know yet.
+**
+** On some systems, we know at compile-time if threads can override each
+** others locks.  On those systems, the SQLITE_THREAD_OVERRIDE_LOCK macro
+** will be set appropriately.  On other systems, we have to check at
+** runtime.  On these latter systems, SQLTIE_THREAD_OVERRIDE_LOCK is
+** undefined.
+**
+** This variable normally has file scope only.  But during testing, we make
+** it a global so that the test code can change its value in order to verify
+** that the right stuff happens in either case.
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_THREAD_OVERRIDE_LOCK
+# define SQLITE_THREAD_OVERRIDE_LOCK -1
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
+int threadsOverrideEachOthersLocks = SQLITE_THREAD_OVERRIDE_LOCK;
+#else
+static int threadsOverrideEachOthersLocks = SQLITE_THREAD_OVERRIDE_LOCK;
+#endif
+
+/*
+** This structure holds information passed into individual test
+** threads by the testThreadLockingBehavior() routine.
+*/
+struct threadTestData {
+  int fd;                /* File to be locked */
+  struct flock lock;     /* The locking operation */
+  int result;            /* Result of the locking operation */
+};
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_LOCK_TRACE
+/*
+** Print out information about all locking operations.
+**
+** This routine is used for troubleshooting locks on multithreaded
+** platforms.  Enable by compiling with the -DSQLITE_LOCK_TRACE
+** command-line option on the compiler.  This code is normally
+** turned off.
+*/
+static int lockTrace(int fd, int op, struct flock *p){
+  char *zOpName, *zType;
+  int s;
+  int savedErrno;
+  if( op==F_GETLK ){
+    zOpName = "GETLK";
+  }else if( op==F_SETLK ){
+    zOpName = "SETLK";
+  }else{
+    s = fcntl(fd, op, p);
+    sqlite3DebugPrintf("fcntl unknown %d %d %d\n", fd, op, s);
+    return s;
+  }
+  if( p->l_type==F_RDLCK ){
+    zType = "RDLCK";
+  }else if( p->l_type==F_WRLCK ){
+    zType = "WRLCK";
+  }else if( p->l_type==F_UNLCK ){
+    zType = "UNLCK";
+  }else{
+    assert( 0 );
+  }
+  assert( p->l_whence==SEEK_SET );
+  s = fcntl(fd, op, p);
+  savedErrno = errno;
+  sqlite3DebugPrintf("fcntl %d %d %s %s %d %d %d %d\n",
+     threadid, fd, zOpName, zType, (int)p->l_start, (int)p->l_len,
+     (int)p->l_pid, s);
+  if( s && op==F_SETLK && (p->l_type==F_RDLCK || p->l_type==F_WRLCK) ){
+    struct flock l2;
+    l2 = *p;
+    fcntl(fd, F_GETLK, &l2);
+    if( l2.l_type==F_RDLCK ){
+      zType = "RDLCK";
+    }else if( l2.l_type==F_WRLCK ){
+      zType = "WRLCK";
+    }else if( l2.l_type==F_UNLCK ){
+      zType = "UNLCK";
+    }else{
+      assert( 0 );
+    }
+    sqlite3DebugPrintf("fcntl-failure-reason: %s %d %d %d\n",
+       zType, (int)l2.l_start, (int)l2.l_len, (int)l2.l_pid);
+  }
+  errno = savedErrno;
+  return s;
+}
+#define fcntl lockTrace
+#endif /* SQLITE_LOCK_TRACE */
+
+/*
+** The testThreadLockingBehavior() routine launches two separate
+** threads on this routine.  This routine attempts to lock a file
+** descriptor then returns.  The success or failure of that attempt
+** allows the testThreadLockingBehavior() procedure to determine
+** whether or not threads can override each others locks.
+*/
+static void *threadLockingTest(void *pArg){
+  struct threadTestData *pData = (struct threadTestData*)pArg;
+  pData->result = fcntl(pData->fd, F_SETLK, &pData->lock);
+  return pArg;
+}
+
+/*
+** This procedure attempts to determine whether or not threads
+** can override each others locks then sets the 
+** threadsOverrideEachOthersLocks variable appropriately.
+*/
+static void testThreadLockingBehavior(int fd_orig){
+  int fd;
+  struct threadTestData d[2];
+  pthread_t t[2];
+
+  fd = dup(fd_orig);
+  if( fd<0 ) return;
+  memset(d, 0, sizeof(d));
+  d[0].fd = fd;
+  d[0].lock.l_type = F_RDLCK;
+  d[0].lock.l_len = 1;
+  d[0].lock.l_start = 0;
+  d[0].lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
+  d[1] = d[0];
+  d[1].lock.l_type = F_WRLCK;
+  pthread_create(&t[0], 0, threadLockingTest, &d[0]);
+  pthread_create(&t[1], 0, threadLockingTest, &d[1]);
+  pthread_join(t[0], 0);
+  pthread_join(t[1], 0);
+  close(fd);
+  threadsOverrideEachOthersLocks =  d[0].result==0 && d[1].result==0;
+}
+#endif /* SQLITE_UNIX_THREADS */
+
+/*
+** Release a lockInfo structure previously allocated by findLockInfo().
+*/
+static void releaseLockInfo(struct lockInfo *pLock){
+  assert( sqlite3OsInMutex(1) );
+  pLock->nRef--;
+  if( pLock->nRef==0 ){
+    sqlite3HashInsert(&lockHash, &pLock->key, sizeof(pLock->key), 0);
+    sqlite3ThreadSafeFree(pLock);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Release a openCnt structure previously allocated by findLockInfo().
+*/
+static void releaseOpenCnt(struct openCnt *pOpen){
+  assert( sqlite3OsInMutex(1) );
+  pOpen->nRef--;
+  if( pOpen->nRef==0 ){
+    sqlite3HashInsert(&openHash, &pOpen->key, sizeof(pOpen->key), 0);
+    free(pOpen->aPending);
+    sqlite3ThreadSafeFree(pOpen);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Given a file descriptor, locate lockInfo and openCnt structures that
+** describes that file descriptor.  Create new ones if necessary.  The
+** return values might be uninitialized if an error occurs.
+**
+** Return the number of errors.
+*/
+static int findLockInfo(
+  int fd,                      /* The file descriptor used in the key */
+  struct lockInfo **ppLock,    /* Return the lockInfo structure here */
+  struct openCnt **ppOpen      /* Return the openCnt structure here */
+){
+  int rc;
+  struct lockKey key1;
+  struct openKey key2;
+  struct stat statbuf;
+  struct lockInfo *pLock;
+  struct openCnt *pOpen;
+  rc = fstat(fd, &statbuf);
+  if( rc!=0 ) return 1;
+
+  assert( sqlite3OsInMutex(1) );
+  memset(&key1, 0, sizeof(key1));
+  key1.dev = statbuf.st_dev;
+  key1.ino = statbuf.st_ino;
+#ifdef SQLITE_UNIX_THREADS
+  if( threadsOverrideEachOthersLocks<0 ){
+    testThreadLockingBehavior(fd);
+  }
+  key1.tid = threadsOverrideEachOthersLocks ? 0 : pthread_self();
+#endif
+  memset(&key2, 0, sizeof(key2));
+  key2.dev = statbuf.st_dev;
+  key2.ino = statbuf.st_ino;
+  pLock = (struct lockInfo*)sqlite3HashFind(&lockHash, &key1, sizeof(key1));
+  if( pLock==0 ){
+    struct lockInfo *pOld;
+    pLock = sqlite3ThreadSafeMalloc( sizeof(*pLock) );
+    if( pLock==0 ){
+      rc = 1;
+      goto exit_findlockinfo;
+    }
+    pLock->key = key1;
+    pLock->nRef = 1;
+    pLock->cnt = 0;
+    pLock->locktype = 0;
+    pOld = sqlite3HashInsert(&lockHash, &pLock->key, sizeof(key1), pLock);
+    if( pOld!=0 ){
+      assert( pOld==pLock );
+      sqlite3ThreadSafeFree(pLock);
+      rc = 1;
+      goto exit_findlockinfo;
+    }
+  }else{
+    pLock->nRef++;
+  }
+  *ppLock = pLock;
+  if( ppOpen!=0 ){
+    pOpen = (struct openCnt*)sqlite3HashFind(&openHash, &key2, sizeof(key2));
+    if( pOpen==0 ){
+      struct openCnt *pOld;
+      pOpen = sqlite3ThreadSafeMalloc( sizeof(*pOpen) );
+      if( pOpen==0 ){
+        releaseLockInfo(pLock);
+        rc = 1;
+        goto exit_findlockinfo;
+      }
+      pOpen->key = key2;
+      pOpen->nRef = 1;
+      pOpen->nLock = 0;
+      pOpen->nPending = 0;
+      pOpen->aPending = 0;
+      pOld = sqlite3HashInsert(&openHash, &pOpen->key, sizeof(key2), pOpen);
+      if( pOld!=0 ){
+        assert( pOld==pOpen );
+        sqlite3ThreadSafeFree(pOpen);
+        releaseLockInfo(pLock);
+        rc = 1;
+        goto exit_findlockinfo;
+      }
+    }else{
+      pOpen->nRef++;
+    }
+    *ppOpen = pOpen;
+  }
+
+exit_findlockinfo:
+  return rc;
+}
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+/*
+** Helper function for printing out trace information from debugging
+** binaries. This returns the string represetation of the supplied
+** integer lock-type.
+*/
+static const char *locktypeName(int locktype){
+  switch( locktype ){
+  case NO_LOCK: return "NONE";
+  case SHARED_LOCK: return "SHARED";
+  case RESERVED_LOCK: return "RESERVED";
+  case PENDING_LOCK: return "PENDING";
+  case EXCLUSIVE_LOCK: return "EXCLUSIVE";
+  }
+  return "ERROR";
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+** If we are currently in a different thread than the thread that the
+** unixFile argument belongs to, then transfer ownership of the unixFile
+** over to the current thread.
+**
+** A unixFile is only owned by a thread on systems where one thread is
+** unable to override locks created by a different thread.  RedHat9 is
+** an example of such a system.
+**
+** Ownership transfer is only allowed if the unixFile is currently unlocked.
+** If the unixFile is locked and an ownership is wrong, then return
+** SQLITE_MISUSE.  SQLITE_OK is returned if everything works.
+*/
+#ifdef SQLITE_UNIX_THREADS
+static int transferOwnership(unixFile *pFile){
+  int rc;
+  pthread_t hSelf;
+  if( threadsOverrideEachOthersLocks ){
+    /* Ownership transfers not needed on this system */
+    return SQLITE_OK;
+  }
+  hSelf = pthread_self();
+  if( pthread_equal(pFile->tid, hSelf) ){
+    /* We are still in the same thread */
+    TRACE1("No-transfer, same thread\n");
+    return SQLITE_OK;
+  }
+  if( pFile->locktype!=NO_LOCK ){
+    /* We cannot change ownership while we are holding a lock! */
+    return SQLITE_MISUSE;
+  }
+  TRACE4("Transfer ownership of %d from %d to %d\n", pFile->h,pFile->tid,hSelf);
+  pFile->tid = hSelf;
+  releaseLockInfo(pFile->pLock);
+  rc = findLockInfo(pFile->h, &pFile->pLock, 0);
+  TRACE5("LOCK    %d is now %s(%s,%d)\n", pFile->h,
+     locktypeName(pFile->locktype),
+     locktypeName(pFile->pLock->locktype), pFile->pLock->cnt);
+  return rc;
+}
+#else
+  /* On single-threaded builds, ownership transfer is a no-op */
+# define transferOwnership(X) SQLITE_OK
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Delete the named file
+*/
+int sqlite3UnixDelete(const char *zFilename){
+  unlink(zFilename);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return TRUE if the named file exists.
+*/
+int sqlite3UnixFileExists(const char *zFilename){
+  return access(zFilename, 0)==0;
+}
+
+/* Forward declaration */
+static int allocateUnixFile(unixFile *pInit, OsFile **pId);
+
+/*
+** Attempt to open a file for both reading and writing.  If that
+** fails, try opening it read-only.  If the file does not exist,
+** try to create it.
+**
+** On success, a handle for the open file is written to *id
+** and *pReadonly is set to 0 if the file was opened for reading and
+** writing or 1 if the file was opened read-only.  The function returns
+** SQLITE_OK.
+**
+** On failure, the function returns SQLITE_CANTOPEN and leaves
+** *id and *pReadonly unchanged.
+*/
+int sqlite3UnixOpenReadWrite(
+  const char *zFilename,
+  OsFile **pId,
+  int *pReadonly
+){
+  int rc;
+  unixFile f;
+
+  CRASH_TEST_OVERRIDE(sqlite3CrashOpenReadWrite, zFilename, pId, pReadonly);
+  assert( 0==*pId );
+  f.h = open(zFilename, O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_BINARY,
+                          SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_PERMISSIONS);
+  if( f.h<0 ){
+#ifdef EISDIR
+    if( errno==EISDIR ){
+      return SQLITE_CANTOPEN;
+    }
+#endif
+    f.h = open(zFilename, O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_BINARY);
+    if( f.h<0 ){
+      return SQLITE_CANTOPEN; 
+    }
+    *pReadonly = 1;
+  }else{
+    *pReadonly = 0;
+  }
+  sqlite3OsEnterMutex();
+  rc = findLockInfo(f.h, &f.pLock, &f.pOpen);
+  sqlite3OsLeaveMutex();
+  if( rc ){
+    close(f.h);
+    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }
+  TRACE3("OPEN    %-3d %s\n", f.h, zFilename);
+  return allocateUnixFile(&f, pId);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Attempt to open a new file for exclusive access by this process.
+** The file will be opened for both reading and writing.  To avoid
+** a potential security problem, we do not allow the file to have
+** previously existed.  Nor do we allow the file to be a symbolic
+** link.
+**
+** If delFlag is true, then make arrangements to automatically delete
+** the file when it is closed.
+**
+** On success, write the file handle into *id and return SQLITE_OK.
+**
+** On failure, return SQLITE_CANTOPEN.
+*/
+int sqlite3UnixOpenExclusive(const char *zFilename, OsFile **pId, int delFlag){
+  int rc;
+  unixFile f;
+
+  CRASH_TEST_OVERRIDE(sqlite3CrashOpenExclusive, zFilename, pId, delFlag);
+  assert( 0==*pId );
+  f.h = open(zFilename,
+                O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_NOFOLLOW|O_LARGEFILE|O_BINARY,
+                SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_PERMISSIONS);
+  if( f.h<0 ){
+    return SQLITE_CANTOPEN;
+  }
+  sqlite3OsEnterMutex();
+  rc = findLockInfo(f.h, &f.pLock, &f.pOpen);
+  sqlite3OsLeaveMutex();
+  if( rc ){
+    close(f.h);
+    unlink(zFilename);
+    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }
+  if( delFlag ){
+    unlink(zFilename);
+  }
+  TRACE3("OPEN-EX %-3d %s\n", f.h, zFilename);
+  return allocateUnixFile(&f, pId);
+}
+
+/*
+** Attempt to open a new file for read-only access.
+**
+** On success, write the file handle into *id and return SQLITE_OK.
+**
+** On failure, return SQLITE_CANTOPEN.
+*/
+int sqlite3UnixOpenReadOnly(const char *zFilename, OsFile **pId){
+  int rc;
+  unixFile f;
+
+  CRASH_TEST_OVERRIDE(sqlite3CrashOpenReadOnly, zFilename, pId, 0);
+  assert( 0==*pId );
+  f.h = open(zFilename, O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_BINARY);
+  if( f.h<0 ){
+    return SQLITE_CANTOPEN;
+  }
+  sqlite3OsEnterMutex();
+  rc = findLockInfo(f.h, &f.pLock, &f.pOpen);
+  sqlite3OsLeaveMutex();
+  if( rc ){
+    close(f.h);
+    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }
+  TRACE3("OPEN-RO %-3d %s\n", f.h, zFilename);
+  return allocateUnixFile(&f, pId);
+}
+
+/*
+** Attempt to open a file descriptor for the directory that contains a
+** file.  This file descriptor can be used to fsync() the directory
+** in order to make sure the creation of a new file is actually written
+** to disk.
+**
+** This routine is only meaningful for Unix.  It is a no-op under
+** windows since windows does not support hard links.
+**
+** On success, a handle for a previously open file at *id is
+** updated with the new directory file descriptor and SQLITE_OK is
+** returned.
+**
+** On failure, the function returns SQLITE_CANTOPEN and leaves
+** *id unchanged.
+*/
+static int unixOpenDirectory(
+  OsFile *id,
+  const char *zDirname
+){
+  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
+  if( pFile==0 ){
+    /* Do not open the directory if the corresponding file is not already
+    ** open. */
+    return SQLITE_CANTOPEN;
+  }
+  SET_THREADID(pFile);
+  assert( pFile->dirfd<0 );
+  pFile->dirfd = open(zDirname, O_RDONLY|O_BINARY, 0);
+  if( pFile->dirfd<0 ){
+    return SQLITE_CANTOPEN; 
+  }
+  TRACE3("OPENDIR %-3d %s\n", pFile->dirfd, zDirname);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** If the following global variable points to a string which is the
+** name of a directory, then that directory will be used to store
+** temporary files.
+**
+** See also the "PRAGMA temp_store_directory" SQL command.
+*/
+char *sqlite3_temp_directory = 0;
+
+/*
+** Create a temporary file name in zBuf.  zBuf must be big enough to
+** hold at least SQLITE_TEMPNAME_SIZE characters.
+*/
+int sqlite3UnixTempFileName(char *zBuf){
+  static const char *azDirs[] = {
+     0,
+     "/var/tmp",
+     "/usr/tmp",
+     "/tmp",
+     ".",
+  };
+  static const unsigned char zChars[] =
+    "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+    "0123456789";
+  int i, j;
+  struct stat buf;
+  const char *zDir = ".";
+  azDirs[0] = sqlite3_temp_directory;
+  for(i=0; i<sizeof(azDirs)/sizeof(azDirs[0]); i++){
+    if( azDirs[i]==0 ) continue;
+    if( stat(azDirs[i], &buf) ) continue;
+    if( !S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode) ) continue;
+    if( access(azDirs[i], 07) ) continue;
+    zDir = azDirs[i];
+    break;
+  }
+  do{
+    sprintf(zBuf, "%s/"TEMP_FILE_PREFIX, zDir);
+    j = strlen(zBuf);
+    sqlite3Randomness(15, &zBuf[j]);
+    for(i=0; i<15; i++, j++){
+      zBuf[j] = (char)zChars[ ((unsigned char)zBuf[j])%(sizeof(zChars)-1) ];
+    }
+    zBuf[j] = 0;
+  }while( access(zBuf,0)==0 );
+  return SQLITE_OK; 
+}
+
+/*
+** Check that a given pathname is a directory and is writable 
+**
+*/
+int sqlite3UnixIsDirWritable(char *zBuf){
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS
+  struct stat buf;
+  if( zBuf==0 ) return 0;
+  if( zBuf[0]==0 ) return 0;
+  if( stat(zBuf, &buf) ) return 0;
+  if( !S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode) ) return 0;
+  if( access(zBuf, 07) ) return 0;
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS */
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+** Seek to the offset in id->offset then read cnt bytes into pBuf.
+** Return the number of bytes actually read.  Update the offset.
+*/
+static int seekAndRead(unixFile *id, void *pBuf, int cnt){
+  int got;
+#ifdef USE_PREAD
+  got = pread(id->h, pBuf, cnt, id->offset);
+#else
+  lseek(id->h, id->offset, SEEK_SET);
+  got = read(id->h, pBuf, cnt);
+#endif
+  if( got>0 ){
+    id->offset += got;
+  }
+  return got;
+}
+
+/*
+** Read data from a file into a buffer.  Return SQLITE_OK if all
+** bytes were read successfully and SQLITE_IOERR if anything goes
+** wrong.
+*/
+static int unixRead(OsFile *id, void *pBuf, int amt){
+  int got;
+  assert( id );
+  SimulateIOError(SQLITE_IOERR);
+  TIMER_START;
+  got = seekAndRead((unixFile*)id, pBuf, amt);
+  TIMER_END;
+  TRACE5("READ    %-3d %5d %7d %d\n", ((unixFile*)id)->h, got,
+          last_page, TIMER_ELAPSED);
+  SEEK(0);
+  /* if( got<0 ) got = 0; */
+  if( got==amt ){
+    return SQLITE_OK;
+  }else{
+    return SQLITE_IOERR;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Seek to the offset in id->offset then read cnt bytes into pBuf.
+** Return the number of bytes actually read.  Update the offset.
+*/
+static int seekAndWrite(unixFile *id, const void *pBuf, int cnt){
+  int got;
+#ifdef USE_PREAD
+  got = pwrite(id->h, pBuf, cnt, id->offset);
+#else
+  lseek(id->h, id->offset, SEEK_SET);
+  got = write(id->h, pBuf, cnt);
+#endif
+  if( got>0 ){
+    id->offset += got;
+  }
+  return got;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Write data from a buffer into a file.  Return SQLITE_OK on success
+** or some other error code on failure.
+*/
+static int unixWrite(OsFile *id, const void *pBuf, int amt){
+  int wrote = 0;
+  assert( id );
+  assert( amt>0 );
+  SimulateIOError(SQLITE_IOERR);
+  SimulateDiskfullError;
+  TIMER_START;
+  while( amt>0 && (wrote = seekAndWrite((unixFile*)id, pBuf, amt))>0 ){
+    amt -= wrote;
+    pBuf = &((char*)pBuf)[wrote];
+  }
+  TIMER_END;
+  TRACE5("WRITE   %-3d %5d %7d %d\n", ((unixFile*)id)->h, wrote,
+          last_page, TIMER_ELAPSED);
+  SEEK(0);
+  if( amt>0 ){
+    return SQLITE_FULL;
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Move the read/write pointer in a file.
+*/
+static int unixSeek(OsFile *id, i64 offset){
+  assert( id );
+  SEEK(offset/1024 + 1);
+#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
+  if( offset ) SimulateDiskfullError
+#endif
+  ((unixFile*)id)->offset = offset;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
+/*
+** Count the number of fullsyncs and normal syncs.  This is used to test
+** that syncs and fullsyncs are occuring at the right times.
+*/
+int sqlite3_sync_count = 0;
+int sqlite3_fullsync_count = 0;
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Use the fdatasync() API only if the HAVE_FDATASYNC macro is defined.
+** Otherwise use fsync() in its place.
+*/
+#ifndef HAVE_FDATASYNC
+# define fdatasync fsync
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Define HAVE_FULLFSYNC to 0 or 1 depending on whether or not
+** the F_FULLFSYNC macro is defined.  F_FULLFSYNC is currently
+** only available on Mac OS X.  But that could change.
+*/
+#ifdef F_FULLFSYNC
+# define HAVE_FULLFSYNC 1
+#else
+# define HAVE_FULLFSYNC 0
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** The fsync() system call does not work as advertised on many
+** unix systems.  The following procedure is an attempt to make
+** it work better.
+**
+** The SQLITE_NO_SYNC macro disables all fsync()s.  This is useful
+** for testing when we want to run through the test suite quickly.
+** You are strongly advised *not* to deploy with SQLITE_NO_SYNC
+** enabled, however, since with SQLITE_NO_SYNC enabled, an OS crash
+** or power failure will likely corrupt the database file.
+*/
+static int full_fsync(int fd, int fullSync, int dataOnly){
+  int rc;
+
+  /* Record the number of times that we do a normal fsync() and 
+  ** FULLSYNC.  This is used during testing to verify that this procedure
+  ** gets called with the correct arguments.
+  */
+#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
+  if( fullSync ) sqlite3_fullsync_count++;
+  sqlite3_sync_count++;
+#endif
+
+  /* If we compiled with the SQLITE_NO_SYNC flag, then syncing is a
+  ** no-op
+  */
+#ifdef SQLITE_NO_SYNC
+  rc = SQLITE_OK;
+#else
+
+#if HAVE_FULLFSYNC
+  if( fullSync ){
+    rc = fcntl(fd, F_FULLFSYNC, 0);
+  }else{
+    rc = 1;
+  }
+  /* If the FULLSYNC failed, try to do a normal fsync() */
+  if( rc ) rc = fsync(fd);
+
+#else /* if !defined(F_FULLSYNC) */
+  if( dataOnly ){
+    rc = fdatasync(fd);
+  }else{
+    rc = fsync(fd);
+  }
+#endif /* defined(F_FULLFSYNC) */
+#endif /* defined(SQLITE_NO_SYNC) */
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Make sure all writes to a particular file are committed to disk.
+**
+** If dataOnly==0 then both the file itself and its metadata (file
+** size, access time, etc) are synced.  If dataOnly!=0 then only the
+** file data is synced.
+**
+** Under Unix, also make sure that the directory entry for the file
+** has been created by fsync-ing the directory that contains the file.
+** If we do not do this and we encounter a power failure, the directory
+** entry for the journal might not exist after we reboot.  The next
+** SQLite to access the file will not know that the journal exists (because
+** the directory entry for the journal was never created) and the transaction
+** will not roll back - possibly leading to database corruption.
+*/
+static int unixSync(OsFile *id, int dataOnly){
+  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
+  assert( pFile );
+  SimulateIOError(SQLITE_IOERR);
+  TRACE2("SYNC    %-3d\n", pFile->h);
+  if( full_fsync(pFile->h, pFile->fullSync, dataOnly) ){
+    return SQLITE_IOERR;
+  }
+  if( pFile->dirfd>=0 ){
+    TRACE4("DIRSYNC %-3d (have_fullfsync=%d fullsync=%d)\n", pFile->dirfd,
+            HAVE_FULLFSYNC, pFile->fullSync);
+#ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_DIRSYNC
+    /* The directory sync is only attempted if full_fsync is
+    ** turned off or unavailable.  If a full_fsync occurred above,
+    ** then the directory sync is superfluous.
+    */
+    if( (!HAVE_FULLFSYNC || !pFile->fullSync) && full_fsync(pFile->dirfd,0,0) ){
+       /*
+       ** We have received multiple reports of fsync() returning
+       ** errors when applied to directories on certain file systems.
+       ** A failed directory sync is not a big deal.  So it seems
+       ** better to ignore the error.  Ticket #1657
+       */
+       /* return SQLITE_IOERR; */
+    }
+#endif
+    close(pFile->dirfd);  /* Only need to sync once, so close the directory */
+    pFile->dirfd = -1;    /* when we are done. */
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Sync the directory zDirname. This is a no-op on operating systems other
+** than UNIX.
+**
+** This is used to make sure the master journal file has truely been deleted
+** before making changes to individual journals on a multi-database commit.
+** The F_FULLFSYNC option is not needed here.
+*/
+int sqlite3UnixSyncDirectory(const char *zDirname){
+#ifdef SQLITE_DISABLE_DIRSYNC
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+#else
+  int fd;
+  int r;
+  SimulateIOError(SQLITE_IOERR);
+  fd = open(zDirname, O_RDONLY|O_BINARY, 0);
+  TRACE3("DIRSYNC %-3d (%s)\n", fd, zDirname);
+  if( fd<0 ){
+    return SQLITE_CANTOPEN; 
+  }
+  r = fsync(fd);
+  close(fd);
+  return ((r==0)?SQLITE_OK:SQLITE_IOERR);
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+** Truncate an open file to a specified size
+*/
+static int unixTruncate(OsFile *id, i64 nByte){
+  assert( id );
+  SimulateIOError(SQLITE_IOERR);
+  return ftruncate(((unixFile*)id)->h, nByte)==0 ? SQLITE_OK : SQLITE_IOERR;
+}
+
+/*
+** Determine the current size of a file in bytes
+*/
+static int unixFileSize(OsFile *id, i64 *pSize){
+  struct stat buf;
+  assert( id );
+  SimulateIOError(SQLITE_IOERR);
+  if( fstat(((unixFile*)id)->h, &buf)!=0 ){
+    return SQLITE_IOERR;
+  }
+  *pSize = buf.st_size;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** This routine checks if there is a RESERVED lock held on the specified
+** file by this or any other process. If such a lock is held, return
+** non-zero.  If the file is unlocked or holds only SHARED locks, then
+** return zero.
+*/
+static int unixCheckReservedLock(OsFile *id){
+  int r = 0;
+  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
+
+  assert( pFile );
+  sqlite3OsEnterMutex(); /* Because pFile->pLock is shared across threads */
+
+  /* Check if a thread in this process holds such a lock */
+  if( pFile->pLock->locktype>SHARED_LOCK ){
+    r = 1;
+  }
+
+  /* Otherwise see if some other process holds it.
+  */
+  if( !r ){
+    struct flock lock;
+    lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
+    lock.l_start = RESERVED_BYTE;
+    lock.l_len = 1;
+    lock.l_type = F_WRLCK;
+    fcntl(pFile->h, F_GETLK, &lock);
+    if( lock.l_type!=F_UNLCK ){
+      r = 1;
+    }
+  }
+  
+  sqlite3OsLeaveMutex();
+  TRACE3("TEST WR-LOCK %d %d\n", pFile->h, r);
+
+  return r;
+}
+
+/*
+** Lock the file with the lock specified by parameter locktype - one
+** of the following:
+**
+**     (1) SHARED_LOCK
+**     (2) RESERVED_LOCK
+**     (3) PENDING_LOCK
+**     (4) EXCLUSIVE_LOCK
+**
+** Sometimes when requesting one lock state, additional lock states
+** are inserted in between.  The locking might fail on one of the later
+** transitions leaving the lock state different from what it started but
+** still short of its goal.  The following chart shows the allowed
+** transitions and the inserted intermediate states:
+**
+**    UNLOCKED -> SHARED
+**    SHARED -> RESERVED
+**    SHARED -> (PENDING) -> EXCLUSIVE
+**    RESERVED -> (PENDING) -> EXCLUSIVE
+**    PENDING -> EXCLUSIVE
+**
+** This routine will only increase a lock.  Use the sqlite3OsUnlock()
+** routine to lower a locking level.
+*/
+static int unixLock(OsFile *id, int locktype){
+  /* The following describes the implementation of the various locks and
+  ** lock transitions in terms of the POSIX advisory shared and exclusive
+  ** lock primitives (called read-locks and write-locks below, to avoid
+  ** confusion with SQLite lock names). The algorithms are complicated
+  ** slightly in order to be compatible with windows systems simultaneously
+  ** accessing the same database file, in case that is ever required.
+  **
+  ** Symbols defined in os.h indentify the 'pending byte' and the 'reserved
+  ** byte', each single bytes at well known offsets, and the 'shared byte
+  ** range', a range of 510 bytes at a well known offset.
+  **
+  ** To obtain a SHARED lock, a read-lock is obtained on the 'pending
+  ** byte'.  If this is successful, a random byte from the 'shared byte
+  ** range' is read-locked and the lock on the 'pending byte' released.
+  **
+  ** A process may only obtain a RESERVED lock after it has a SHARED lock.
+  ** A RESERVED lock is implemented by grabbing a write-lock on the
+  ** 'reserved byte'. 
+  **
+  ** A process may only obtain a PENDING lock after it has obtained a
+  ** SHARED lock. A PENDING lock is implemented by obtaining a write-lock
+  ** on the 'pending byte'. This ensures that no new SHARED locks can be
+  ** obtained, but existing SHARED locks are allowed to persist. A process
+  ** does not have to obtain a RESERVED lock on the way to a PENDING lock.
+  ** This property is used by the algorithm for rolling back a journal file
+  ** after a crash.
+  **
+  ** An EXCLUSIVE lock, obtained after a PENDING lock is held, is
+  ** implemented by obtaining a write-lock on the entire 'shared byte
+  ** range'. Since all other locks require a read-lock on one of the bytes
+  ** within this range, this ensures that no other locks are held on the
+  ** database. 
+  **
+  ** The reason a single byte cannot be used instead of the 'shared byte
+  ** range' is that some versions of windows do not support read-locks. By
+  ** locking a random byte from a range, concurrent SHARED locks may exist
+  ** even if the locking primitive used is always a write-lock.
+  */
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
+  struct lockInfo *pLock = pFile->pLock;
+  struct flock lock;
+  int s;
+
+  assert( pFile );
+  TRACE7("LOCK    %d %s was %s(%s,%d) pid=%d\n", pFile->h,
+      locktypeName(locktype), locktypeName(pFile->locktype),
+      locktypeName(pLock->locktype), pLock->cnt , getpid());
+
+  /* If there is already a lock of this type or more restrictive on the
+  ** OsFile, do nothing. Don't use the end_lock: exit path, as
+  ** sqlite3OsEnterMutex() hasn't been called yet.
+  */
+  if( pFile->locktype>=locktype ){
+    TRACE3("LOCK    %d %s ok (already held)\n", pFile->h,
+            locktypeName(locktype));
+    return SQLITE_OK;
+  }
+
+  /* Make sure the locking sequence is correct
+  */
+  assert( pFile->locktype!=NO_LOCK || locktype==SHARED_LOCK );
+  assert( locktype!=PENDING_LOCK );
+  assert( locktype!=RESERVED_LOCK || pFile->locktype==SHARED_LOCK );
+
+  /* This mutex is needed because pFile->pLock is shared across threads
+  */
+  sqlite3OsEnterMutex();
+
+  /* Make sure the current thread owns the pFile.
+  */
+  rc = transferOwnership(pFile);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    sqlite3OsLeaveMutex();
+    return rc;
+  }
+  pLock = pFile->pLock;
+
+  /* If some thread using this PID has a lock via a different OsFile*
+  ** handle that precludes the requested lock, return BUSY.
+  */
+  if( (pFile->locktype!=pLock->locktype && 
+          (pLock->locktype>=PENDING_LOCK || locktype>SHARED_LOCK))
+  ){
+    rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
+    goto end_lock;
+  }
+
+  /* If a SHARED lock is requested, and some thread using this PID already
+  ** has a SHARED or RESERVED lock, then increment reference counts and
+  ** return SQLITE_OK.
+  */
+  if( locktype==SHARED_LOCK && 
+      (pLock->locktype==SHARED_LOCK || pLock->locktype==RESERVED_LOCK) ){
+    assert( locktype==SHARED_LOCK );
+    assert( pFile->locktype==0 );
+    assert( pLock->cnt>0 );
+    pFile->locktype = SHARED_LOCK;
+    pLock->cnt++;
+    pFile->pOpen->nLock++;
+    goto end_lock;
+  }
+
+  lock.l_len = 1L;
+
+  lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
+
+  /* A PENDING lock is needed before acquiring a SHARED lock and before
+  ** acquiring an EXCLUSIVE lock.  For the SHARED lock, the PENDING will
+  ** be released.
+  */
+  if( locktype==SHARED_LOCK 
+      || (locktype==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK && pFile->locktype<PENDING_LOCK)
+  ){
+    lock.l_type = (locktype==SHARED_LOCK?F_RDLCK:F_WRLCK);
+    lock.l_start = PENDING_BYTE;
+    s = fcntl(pFile->h, F_SETLK, &lock);
+    if( s ){
+      rc = (errno==EINVAL) ? SQLITE_NOLFS : SQLITE_BUSY;
+      goto end_lock;
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  /* If control gets to this point, then actually go ahead and make
+  ** operating system calls for the specified lock.
+  */
+  if( locktype==SHARED_LOCK ){
+    assert( pLock->cnt==0 );
+    assert( pLock->locktype==0 );
+
+    /* Now get the read-lock */
+    lock.l_start = SHARED_FIRST;
+    lock.l_len = SHARED_SIZE;
+    s = fcntl(pFile->h, F_SETLK, &lock);
+
+    /* Drop the temporary PENDING lock */
+    lock.l_start = PENDING_BYTE;
+    lock.l_len = 1L;
+    lock.l_type = F_UNLCK;
+    if( fcntl(pFile->h, F_SETLK, &lock)!=0 ){
+      rc = SQLITE_IOERR;  /* This should never happen */
+      goto end_lock;
+    }
+    if( s ){
+      rc = (errno==EINVAL) ? SQLITE_NOLFS : SQLITE_BUSY;
+    }else{
+      pFile->locktype = SHARED_LOCK;
+      pFile->pOpen->nLock++;
+      pLock->cnt = 1;
+    }
+  }else if( locktype==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK && pLock->cnt>1 ){
+    /* We are trying for an exclusive lock but another thread in this
+    ** same process is still holding a shared lock. */
+    rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
+  }else{
+    /* The request was for a RESERVED or EXCLUSIVE lock.  It is
+    ** assumed that there is a SHARED or greater lock on the file
+    ** already.
+    */
+    assert( 0!=pFile->locktype );
+    lock.l_type = F_WRLCK;
+    switch( locktype ){
+      case RESERVED_LOCK:
+        lock.l_start = RESERVED_BYTE;
+        break;
+      case EXCLUSIVE_LOCK:
+        lock.l_start = SHARED_FIRST;
+        lock.l_len = SHARED_SIZE;
+        break;
+      default:
+        assert(0);
+    }
+    s = fcntl(pFile->h, F_SETLK, &lock);
+    if( s ){
+      rc = (errno==EINVAL) ? SQLITE_NOLFS : SQLITE_BUSY;
+    }
+  }
+  
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    pFile->locktype = locktype;
+    pLock->locktype = locktype;
+  }else if( locktype==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK ){
+    pFile->locktype = PENDING_LOCK;
+    pLock->locktype = PENDING_LOCK;
+  }
+
+end_lock:
+  sqlite3OsLeaveMutex();
+  TRACE4("LOCK    %d %s %s\n", pFile->h, locktypeName(locktype), 
+      rc==SQLITE_OK ? "ok" : "failed");
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Lower the locking level on file descriptor pFile to locktype.  locktype
+** must be either NO_LOCK or SHARED_LOCK.
+**
+** If the locking level of the file descriptor is already at or below
+** the requested locking level, this routine is a no-op.
+*/
+static int unixUnlock(OsFile *id, int locktype){
+  struct lockInfo *pLock;
+  struct flock lock;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
+
+  assert( pFile );
+  TRACE7("UNLOCK  %d %d was %d(%d,%d) pid=%d\n", pFile->h, locktype,
+      pFile->locktype, pFile->pLock->locktype, pFile->pLock->cnt, getpid());
+
+  assert( locktype<=SHARED_LOCK );
+  if( pFile->locktype<=locktype ){
+    return SQLITE_OK;
+  }
+  if( CHECK_THREADID(pFile) ){
+    return SQLITE_MISUSE;
+  }
+  sqlite3OsEnterMutex();
+  pLock = pFile->pLock;
+  assert( pLock->cnt!=0 );
+  if( pFile->locktype>SHARED_LOCK ){
+    assert( pLock->locktype==pFile->locktype );
+    if( locktype==SHARED_LOCK ){
+      lock.l_type = F_RDLCK;
+      lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
+      lock.l_start = SHARED_FIRST;
+      lock.l_len = SHARED_SIZE;
+      if( fcntl(pFile->h, F_SETLK, &lock)!=0 ){
+        /* This should never happen */
+        rc = SQLITE_IOERR;
+      }
+    }
+    lock.l_type = F_UNLCK;
+    lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
+    lock.l_start = PENDING_BYTE;
+    lock.l_len = 2L;  assert( PENDING_BYTE+1==RESERVED_BYTE );
+    if( fcntl(pFile->h, F_SETLK, &lock)==0 ){
+      pLock->locktype = SHARED_LOCK;
+    }else{
+      rc = SQLITE_IOERR;  /* This should never happen */
+    }
+  }
+  if( locktype==NO_LOCK ){
+    struct openCnt *pOpen;
+
+    /* Decrement the shared lock counter.  Release the lock using an
+    ** OS call only when all threads in this same process have released
+    ** the lock.
+    */
+    pLock->cnt--;
+    if( pLock->cnt==0 ){
+      lock.l_type = F_UNLCK;
+      lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
+      lock.l_start = lock.l_len = 0L;
+      if( fcntl(pFile->h, F_SETLK, &lock)==0 ){
+        pLock->locktype = NO_LOCK;
+      }else{
+        rc = SQLITE_IOERR;  /* This should never happen */
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* Decrement the count of locks against this same file.  When the
+    ** count reaches zero, close any other file descriptors whose close
+    ** was deferred because of outstanding locks.
+    */
+    pOpen = pFile->pOpen;
+    pOpen->nLock--;
+    assert( pOpen->nLock>=0 );
+    if( pOpen->nLock==0 && pOpen->nPending>0 ){
+      int i;
+      for(i=0; i<pOpen->nPending; i++){
+        close(pOpen->aPending[i]);
+      }
+      free(pOpen->aPending);
+      pOpen->nPending = 0;
+      pOpen->aPending = 0;
+    }
+  }
+  sqlite3OsLeaveMutex();
+  pFile->locktype = locktype;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Close a file.
+*/
+static int unixClose(OsFile **pId){
+  unixFile *id = (unixFile*)*pId;
+
+  if( !id ) return SQLITE_OK;
+  unixUnlock(*pId, NO_LOCK);
+  if( id->dirfd>=0 ) close(id->dirfd);
+  id->dirfd = -1;
+  sqlite3OsEnterMutex();
+
+  if( id->pOpen->nLock ){
+    /* If there are outstanding locks, do not actually close the file just
+    ** yet because that would clear those locks.  Instead, add the file
+    ** descriptor to pOpen->aPending.  It will be automatically closed when
+    ** the last lock is cleared.
+    */
+    int *aNew;
+    struct openCnt *pOpen = id->pOpen;
+    aNew = realloc( pOpen->aPending, (pOpen->nPending+1)*sizeof(int) );
+    if( aNew==0 ){
+      /* If a malloc fails, just leak the file descriptor */
+    }else{
+      pOpen->aPending = aNew;
+      pOpen->aPending[pOpen->nPending] = id->h;
+      pOpen->nPending++;
+    }
+  }else{
+    /* There are no outstanding locks so we can close the file immediately */
+    close(id->h);
+  }
+  releaseLockInfo(id->pLock);
+  releaseOpenCnt(id->pOpen);
+
+  sqlite3OsLeaveMutex();
+  id->isOpen = 0;
+  TRACE2("CLOSE   %-3d\n", id->h);
+  OpenCounter(-1);
+  sqlite3ThreadSafeFree(id);
+  *pId = 0;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Turn a relative pathname into a full pathname.  Return a pointer
+** to the full pathname stored in space obtained from sqliteMalloc().
+** The calling function is responsible for freeing this space once it
+** is no longer needed.
+*/
+char *sqlite3UnixFullPathname(const char *zRelative){
+  char *zFull = 0;
+  if( zRelative[0]=='/' ){
+    sqlite3SetString(&zFull, zRelative, (char*)0);
+  }else{
+    char *zBuf = sqliteMalloc(5000);
+    if( zBuf==0 ){
+      return 0;
+    }
+    zBuf[0] = 0;
+    sqlite3SetString(&zFull, getcwd(zBuf, 5000), "/", zRelative,
+                    (char*)0);
+    sqliteFree(zBuf);
+  }
+
+#if 0
+  /*
+  ** Remove "/./" path elements and convert "/A/./" path elements
+  ** to just "/".
+  */
+  if( zFull ){
+    int i, j;
+    for(i=j=0; zFull[i]; i++){
+      if( zFull[i]=='/' ){
+        if( zFull[i+1]=='/' ) continue;
+        if( zFull[i+1]=='.' && zFull[i+2]=='/' ){
+          i += 1;
+          continue;
+        }
+        if( zFull[i+1]=='.' && zFull[i+2]=='.' && zFull[i+3]=='/' ){
+          while( j>0 && zFull[j-1]!='/' ){ j--; }
+          i += 3;
+          continue;
+        }
+      }
+      zFull[j++] = zFull[i];
+    }
+    zFull[j] = 0;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  return zFull;
+}
+
+/*
+** Change the value of the fullsync flag in the given file descriptor.
+*/
+static void unixSetFullSync(OsFile *id, int v){
+  ((unixFile*)id)->fullSync = v;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the underlying file handle for an OsFile
+*/
+static int unixFileHandle(OsFile *id){
+  return ((unixFile*)id)->h;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return an integer that indices the type of lock currently held
+** by this handle.  (Used for testing and analysis only.)
+*/
+static int unixLockState(OsFile *id){
+  return ((unixFile*)id)->locktype;
+}
+
+/*
+** This vector defines all the methods that can operate on an OsFile
+** for unix.
+*/
+static const IoMethod sqlite3UnixIoMethod = {
+  unixClose,
+  unixOpenDirectory,
+  unixRead,
+  unixWrite,
+  unixSeek,
+  unixTruncate,
+  unixSync,
+  unixSetFullSync,
+  unixFileHandle,
+  unixFileSize,
+  unixLock,
+  unixUnlock,
+  unixLockState,
+  unixCheckReservedLock,
+};
+
+/*
+** Allocate memory for a unixFile.  Initialize the new unixFile
+** to the value given in pInit and return a pointer to the new
+** OsFile.  If we run out of memory, close the file and return NULL.
+*/
+static int allocateUnixFile(unixFile *pInit, OsFile **pId){
+  unixFile *pNew;
+  pInit->dirfd = -1;
+  pInit->fullSync = 0;
+  pInit->locktype = 0;
+  pInit->offset = 0;
+  SET_THREADID(pInit);
+  pNew = sqlite3ThreadSafeMalloc( sizeof(unixFile) );
+  if( pNew==0 ){
+    close(pInit->h);
+    sqlite3OsEnterMutex();
+    releaseLockInfo(pInit->pLock);
+    releaseOpenCnt(pInit->pOpen);
+    sqlite3OsLeaveMutex();
+    *pId = 0;
+    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }else{
+    *pNew = *pInit;
+    pNew->pMethod = &sqlite3UnixIoMethod;
+    *pId = (OsFile*)pNew;
+    OpenCounter(+1);
+    return SQLITE_OK;
+  }
+}
+
+
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DISKIO */
+/***************************************************************************
+** Everything above deals with file I/O.  Everything that follows deals
+** with other miscellanous aspects of the operating system interface
+****************************************************************************/
+
+
+/*
+** Get information to seed the random number generator.  The seed
+** is written into the buffer zBuf[256].  The calling function must
+** supply a sufficiently large buffer.
+*/
+int sqlite3UnixRandomSeed(char *zBuf){
+  /* We have to initialize zBuf to prevent valgrind from reporting
+  ** errors.  The reports issued by valgrind are incorrect - we would
+  ** prefer that the randomness be increased by making use of the
+  ** uninitialized space in zBuf - but valgrind errors tend to worry
+  ** some users.  Rather than argue, it seems easier just to initialize
+  ** the whole array and silence valgrind, even if that means less randomness
+  ** in the random seed.
+  **
+  ** When testing, initializing zBuf[] to zero is all we do.  That means
+  ** that we always use the same random number sequence.  This makes the
+  ** tests repeatable.
+  */
+  memset(zBuf, 0, 256);
+#if !defined(SQLITE_TEST)
+  {
+    int pid, fd;
+    fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY);
+    if( fd<0 ){
+      time_t t;
+      time(&t);
+      memcpy(zBuf, &t, sizeof(t));
+      pid = getpid();
+      memcpy(&zBuf[sizeof(time_t)], &pid, sizeof(pid));
+    }else{
+      read(fd, zBuf, 256);
+      close(fd);
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Sleep for a little while.  Return the amount of time slept.
+** The argument is the number of milliseconds we want to sleep.
+*/
+int sqlite3UnixSleep(int ms){
+#if defined(HAVE_USLEEP) && HAVE_USLEEP
+  usleep(ms*1000);
+  return ms;
+#else
+  sleep((ms+999)/1000);
+  return 1000*((ms+999)/1000);
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+** Static variables used for thread synchronization.
+**
+** inMutex      the nesting depth of the recursive mutex.  The thread
+**              holding mutexMain can read this variable at any time.
+**              But is must hold mutexAux to change this variable.  Other
+**              threads must hold mutexAux to read the variable and can
+**              never write.
+**
+** mutexOwner   The thread id of the thread holding mutexMain.  Same
+**              access rules as for inMutex.
+**
+** mutexOwnerValid   True if the value in mutexOwner is valid.  The same
+**                   access rules apply as for inMutex.
+**
+** mutexMain    The main mutex.  Hold this mutex in order to get exclusive
+**              access to SQLite data structures.
+**
+** mutexAux     An auxiliary mutex needed to access variables defined above.
+**
+** Mutexes are always acquired in this order: mutexMain mutexAux.   It
+** is not necessary to acquire mutexMain in order to get mutexAux - just
+** do not attempt to acquire them in the reverse order: mutexAux mutexMain.
+** Either get the mutexes with mutexMain first or get mutexAux only.
+**
+** When running on a platform where the three variables inMutex, mutexOwner,
+** and mutexOwnerValid can be set atomically, the mutexAux is not required.
+** On many systems, all three are 32-bit integers and writing to a 32-bit
+** integer is atomic.  I think.  But there are no guarantees.  So it seems
+** safer to protect them using mutexAux.
+*/
+static int inMutex = 0;
+#ifdef SQLITE_UNIX_THREADS
+static pthread_t mutexOwner;          /* Thread holding mutexMain */
+static int mutexOwnerValid = 0;       /* True if mutexOwner is valid */
+static pthread_mutex_t mutexMain = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER; /* The mutex */
+static pthread_mutex_t mutexAux = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;  /* Aux mutex */
+#endif
+
+/*
+** The following pair of routine implement mutual exclusion for
+** multi-threaded processes.  Only a single thread is allowed to
+** executed code that is surrounded by EnterMutex() and LeaveMutex().
+**
+** SQLite uses only a single Mutex.  There is not much critical
+** code and what little there is executes quickly and without blocking.
+**
+** As of version 3.3.2, this mutex must be recursive.
+*/
+void sqlite3UnixEnterMutex(){
+#ifdef SQLITE_UNIX_THREADS
+  pthread_mutex_lock(&mutexAux);
+  if( !mutexOwnerValid || !pthread_equal(mutexOwner, pthread_self()) ){
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutexAux);
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&mutexMain);
+    assert( inMutex==0 );
+    assert( !mutexOwnerValid );
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&mutexAux);
+    mutexOwner = pthread_self();
+    mutexOwnerValid = 1;
+  }
+  inMutex++;
+  pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutexAux);
+#else
+  inMutex++;
+#endif
+}
+void sqlite3UnixLeaveMutex(){
+  assert( inMutex>0 );
+#ifdef SQLITE_UNIX_THREADS
+  pthread_mutex_lock(&mutexAux);
+  inMutex--;
+  assert( pthread_equal(mutexOwner, pthread_self()) );
+  if( inMutex==0 ){
+    assert( mutexOwnerValid );
+    mutexOwnerValid = 0;
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutexMain);
+  }
+  pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutexAux);
+#else
+  inMutex--;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+** Return TRUE if the mutex is currently held.
+**
+** If the thisThrd parameter is true, return true only if the
+** calling thread holds the mutex.  If the parameter is false, return
+** true if any thread holds the mutex.
+*/
+int sqlite3UnixInMutex(int thisThrd){
+#ifdef SQLITE_UNIX_THREADS
+  int rc;
+  pthread_mutex_lock(&mutexAux);
+  rc = inMutex>0 && (thisThrd==0 || pthread_equal(mutexOwner,pthread_self()));
+  pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutexAux);
+  return rc;
+#else
+  return inMutex>0;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+** Remember the number of thread-specific-data blocks allocated.
+** Use this to verify that we are not leaking thread-specific-data.
+** Ticket #1601
+*/
+#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
+int sqlite3_tsd_count = 0;
+# ifdef SQLITE_UNIX_THREADS
+    static pthread_mutex_t tsd_counter_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
+#   define TSD_COUNTER(N) \
+             pthread_mutex_lock(&tsd_counter_mutex); \
+             sqlite3_tsd_count += N; \
+             pthread_mutex_unlock(&tsd_counter_mutex);
+# else
+#   define TSD_COUNTER(N)  sqlite3_tsd_count += N
+# endif
+#else
+# define TSD_COUNTER(N)  /* no-op */
+#endif
+
+/*
+** If called with allocateFlag>0, then return a pointer to thread
+** specific data for the current thread.  Allocate and zero the
+** thread-specific data if it does not already exist.
+**
+** If called with allocateFlag==0, then check the current thread
+** specific data.  Return it if it exists.  If it does not exist,
+** then return NULL.
+**
+** If called with allocateFlag<0, check to see if the thread specific
+** data is allocated and is all zero.  If it is then deallocate it.
+** Return a pointer to the thread specific data or NULL if it is
+** unallocated or gets deallocated.
+*/
+ThreadData *sqlite3UnixThreadSpecificData(int allocateFlag){
+  static const ThreadData zeroData = {0};  /* Initializer to silence warnings
+                                           ** from broken compilers */
+#ifdef SQLITE_UNIX_THREADS
+  static pthread_key_t key;
+  static int keyInit = 0;
+  ThreadData *pTsd;
+
+  if( !keyInit ){
+    sqlite3OsEnterMutex();
+    if( !keyInit ){
+      int rc;
+      rc = pthread_key_create(&key, 0);
+      if( rc ){
+        sqlite3OsLeaveMutex();
+        return 0;
+      }
+      keyInit = 1;
+    }
+    sqlite3OsLeaveMutex();
+  }
+
+  pTsd = pthread_getspecific(key);
+  if( allocateFlag>0 ){
+    if( pTsd==0 ){
+      if( !sqlite3TestMallocFail() ){
+        pTsd = sqlite3OsMalloc(sizeof(zeroData));
+      }
+#ifdef SQLITE_MEMDEBUG
+      sqlite3_isFail = 0;
+#endif
+      if( pTsd ){
+        *pTsd = zeroData;
+        pthread_setspecific(key, pTsd);
+        TSD_COUNTER(+1);
+      }
+    }
+  }else if( pTsd!=0 && allocateFlag<0 
+            && memcmp(pTsd, &zeroData, sizeof(ThreadData))==0 ){
+    sqlite3OsFree(pTsd);
+    pthread_setspecific(key, 0);
+    TSD_COUNTER(-1);
+    pTsd = 0;
+  }
+  return pTsd;
+#else
+  static ThreadData *pTsd = 0;
+  if( allocateFlag>0 ){
+    if( pTsd==0 ){
+      if( !sqlite3TestMallocFail() ){
+        pTsd = sqlite3OsMalloc( sizeof(zeroData) );
+      }
+#ifdef SQLITE_MEMDEBUG
+      sqlite3_isFail = 0;
+#endif
+      if( pTsd ){
+        *pTsd = zeroData;
+        TSD_COUNTER(+1);
+      }
+    }
+  }else if( pTsd!=0 && allocateFlag<0
+            && memcmp(pTsd, &zeroData, sizeof(ThreadData))==0 ){
+    sqlite3OsFree(pTsd);
+    TSD_COUNTER(-1);
+    pTsd = 0;
+  }
+  return pTsd;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+** The following variable, if set to a non-zero value, becomes the result
+** returned from sqlite3OsCurrentTime().  This is used for testing.
+*/
+#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
+int sqlite3_current_time = 0;
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Find the current time (in Universal Coordinated Time).  Write the
+** current time and date as a Julian Day number into *prNow and
+** return 0.  Return 1 if the time and date cannot be found.
+*/
+int sqlite3UnixCurrentTime(double *prNow){
+#ifdef NO_GETTOD
+  time_t t;
+  time(&t);
+  *prNow = t/86400.0 + 2440587.5;
+#else
+  struct timeval sNow;
+  struct timezone sTz;  /* Not used */
+  gettimeofday(&sNow, &sTz);
+  *prNow = 2440587.5 + sNow.tv_sec/86400.0 + sNow.tv_usec/86400000000.0;
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
+  if( sqlite3_current_time ){
+    *prNow = sqlite3_current_time/86400.0 + 2440587.5;
+  }
+#endif
+  return 0;
+}
+
+#endif /* OS_UNIX */