Mercurial > audlegacy
view Plugins/Input/console/Nes_Cpu.cxx @ 1740:1cd9aa465ea7 trunk
[svn] - export main.h API
author | nenolod |
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date | Mon, 18 Sep 2006 02:30:57 -0700 |
parents | e24213152357 |
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// Game_Music_Emu 0.3.0. http://www.slack.net/~ant/nes-emu/ #include "Nes_Cpu.h" #include <string.h> #include <limits.h> #include "blargg_endian.h" /* Copyright (C) 2003-2006 Shay Green. This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This module is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along with this module; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA */ #include BLARGG_SOURCE_BEGIN #if BLARGG_NONPORTABLE #define PAGE_OFFSET( addr ) (addr) #else #define PAGE_OFFSET( addr ) ((addr) & (page_size - 1)) #endif Nes_Cpu::Nes_Cpu() { callback_data = NULL; reset(); } inline void Nes_Cpu::set_code_page( int i, uint8_t const* p ) { code_map [i] = p - PAGE_OFFSET( i * page_size ); } void Nes_Cpu::reset( const void* unmapped_code_page, reader_t read, writer_t write ) { r.status = 0; r.sp = 0; r.pc = 0; r.a = 0; r.x = 0; r.y = 0; clock_count = 0; base_time = 0; clock_limit = 0; irq_time_ = LONG_MAX / 2 + 1; end_time_ = LONG_MAX / 2 + 1; for ( int i = 0; i < page_count + 1; i++ ) { set_code_page( i, (uint8_t*) unmapped_code_page ); data_reader [i] = read; data_writer [i] = write; } } void Nes_Cpu::map_code( nes_addr_t start, unsigned long size, const void* data ) { // address range must begin and end on page boundaries require( start % page_size == 0 ); require( size % page_size == 0 ); require( start + size <= 0x10000 ); unsigned first_page = start / page_size; for ( unsigned i = size / page_size; i--; ) set_code_page( first_page + i, (uint8_t*) data + i * page_size ); } void Nes_Cpu::set_reader( nes_addr_t start, unsigned long size, reader_t func ) { // address range must begin and end on page boundaries require( start % page_size == 0 ); require( size % page_size == 0 ); require( start + size <= 0x10000 + page_size ); unsigned first_page = start / page_size; for ( unsigned i = size / page_size; i--; ) data_reader [first_page + i] = func; } void Nes_Cpu::set_writer( nes_addr_t start, unsigned long size, writer_t func ) { // address range must begin and end on page boundaries require( start % page_size == 0 ); require( size % page_size == 0 ); require( start + size <= 0x10000 + page_size ); unsigned first_page = start / page_size; for ( unsigned i = size / page_size; i--; ) data_writer [first_page + i] = func; } // Note: 'addr' is evaulated more than once in the following macros, so it // must not contain side-effects. #define READ( addr ) (data_reader [(addr) >> page_bits]( callback_data, addr )) #define WRITE( addr, data ) (data_writer [(addr) >> page_bits]( callback_data, addr, data )) #define READ_LOW( addr ) (low_mem [int (addr)]) #define WRITE_LOW( addr, data ) (void) (READ_LOW( addr ) = (data)) #define READ_PROG( addr ) (code_map [(addr) >> page_bits] [PAGE_OFFSET( addr )]) #define READ_PROG16( addr ) GET_LE16( &READ_PROG( addr ) ) #define SET_SP( v ) (sp = ((v) + 1) | 0x100) #define GET_SP() ((sp - 1) & 0xff) #define PUSH( v ) ((sp = (sp - 1) | 0x100), WRITE_LOW( sp, v )) int Nes_Cpu::read( nes_addr_t addr ) { return READ( addr ); } void Nes_Cpu::write( nes_addr_t addr, int value ) { WRITE( addr, value ); } #ifndef NES_CPU_GLUE_ONLY static const unsigned char clock_table [256] = { // 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 7,6,2,8,3,3,5,5,3,2,2,2,4,4,6,6,// 0 3,5,2,8,4,4,6,6,2,4,2,7,4,4,7,7,// 1 6,6,2,8,3,3,5,5,4,2,2,2,4,4,6,6,// 2 3,5,2,8,4,4,6,6,2,4,2,7,4,4,7,7,// 3 6,6,2,8,3,3,5,5,3,2,2,2,3,4,6,6,// 4 3,5,2,8,4,4,6,6,2,4,2,7,4,4,7,7,// 5 6,6,2,8,3,3,5,5,4,2,2,2,5,4,6,6,// 6 3,5,2,8,4,4,6,6,2,4,2,7,4,4,7,7,// 7 2,6,2,6,3,3,3,3,2,2,2,2,4,4,4,4,// 8 3,6,2,6,4,4,4,4,2,5,2,5,5,5,5,5,// 9 2,6,2,6,3,3,3,3,2,2,2,2,4,4,4,4,// A 3,5,2,5,4,4,4,4,2,4,2,4,4,4,4,4,// B 2,6,2,8,3,3,5,5,2,2,2,2,4,4,6,6,// C 3,5,2,8,4,4,6,6,2,4,2,7,4,4,7,7,// D 2,6,3,8,3,3,5,5,2,2,2,2,4,4,6,6,// E 3,5,2,8,4,4,6,6,2,4,2,7,4,4,7,7 // F }; #include BLARGG_ENABLE_OPTIMIZER Nes_Cpu::result_t Nes_Cpu::run( nes_time_t end ) { set_end_time( end ); volatile result_t result = result_cycles; #if BLARGG_CPU_POWERPC // cache commonly-used values in registers long clock_count = this->clock_count; writer_t* const data_writer = this->data_writer; reader_t* const data_reader = this->data_reader; uint8_t* const low_mem = this->low_mem; #endif // registers unsigned pc = r.pc; int sp; SET_SP( r.sp ); int a = r.a; int x = r.x; int y = r.y; // status flags const int st_n = 0x80; const int st_v = 0x40; const int st_r = 0x20; const int st_b = 0x10; const int st_d = 0x08; const int st_i = 0x04; const int st_z = 0x02; const int st_c = 0x01; #define IS_NEG (nz & 0x880) #define CALC_STATUS( out ) do { \ out = status & (st_v | st_d | st_i); \ out |= (c >> 8) & st_c; \ if ( IS_NEG ) out |= st_n; \ if ( !(nz & 0xFF) ) out |= st_z; \ } while ( false ) #define SET_STATUS( in ) do { \ status = in & (st_v | st_d | st_i); \ c = in << 8; \ nz = (in << 4) & 0x800; \ nz |= ~in & st_z; \ } while ( false ) int status; int c; // carry set if (c & 0x100) != 0 int nz; // Z set if (nz & 0xff) == 0, N set if (nz & 0x880) != 0 { int temp = r.status; SET_STATUS( temp ); } goto loop; dec_clock_loop: clock_count--; loop: assert( unsigned (GET_SP()) < 0x100 ); assert( unsigned (a) < 0x100 ); assert( unsigned (x) < 0x100 ); assert( unsigned (y) < 0x100 ); uint8_t const* page = code_map [pc >> page_bits]; unsigned opcode = page [PAGE_OFFSET( pc )]; unsigned data = page [PAGE_OFFSET( pc ) + 1]; pc++; // page crossing //check( opcode == 0x60 || &READ_PROG( pc ) == &page [PAGE_OFFSET( pc )] ); if ( clock_count >= clock_limit ) goto stop; clock_count += clock_table [opcode]; #if BLARGG_CPU_POWERPC this->clock_count = clock_count; #endif switch ( opcode ) { // Macros #define ADD_PAGE (pc++, data += 0x100 * READ_PROG( pc )); #define GET_ADDR() READ_PROG16( pc ) #define HANDLE_PAGE_CROSSING( lsb ) clock_count += (lsb) >> 8; #define INC_DEC_XY( reg, n ) reg = uint8_t (nz = reg + n); goto loop; #define IND_Y { \ int temp = READ_LOW( data ) + y; \ data = temp + 0x100 * READ_LOW( uint8_t (data + 1) ); \ HANDLE_PAGE_CROSSING( temp ); \ } #define IND_X { \ int temp = data + x; \ data = 0x100 * READ_LOW( uint8_t (temp + 1) ) + READ_LOW( uint8_t (temp) ); \ } #define ARITH_ADDR_MODES( op ) \ case op - 0x04: /* (ind,x) */ \ IND_X \ goto ptr##op; \ case op + 0x0C: /* (ind),y */ \ IND_Y \ goto ptr##op; \ case op + 0x10: /* zp,X */ \ data = uint8_t (data + x); \ case op + 0x00: /* zp */ \ data = READ_LOW( data ); \ goto imm##op; \ case op + 0x14: /* abs,Y */ \ data += y; \ goto ind##op; \ case op + 0x18: /* abs,X */ \ data += x; \ ind##op: \ HANDLE_PAGE_CROSSING( data ); \ case op + 0x08: /* abs */ \ ADD_PAGE \ ptr##op: \ data = READ( data ); \ case op + 0x04: /* imm */ \ imm##op: \ #define BRANCH( cond ) \ { \ pc++; \ int offset = (BOOST::int8_t) data; \ int extra_clock = (pc & 0xff) + offset; \ if ( !(cond) ) goto dec_clock_loop; \ pc += offset; \ clock_count += (extra_clock >> 8) & 1; \ goto loop; \ } // Often-Used case 0xB5: // LDA zp,x data = uint8_t (data + x); case 0xA5: // LDA zp a = nz = READ_LOW( data ); pc++; goto loop; case 0xD0: // BNE BRANCH( (uint8_t) nz ); case 0x20: { // JSR int temp = pc + 1; pc = READ_PROG16( pc ); WRITE_LOW( 0x100 | (sp - 1), temp >> 8 ); sp = (sp - 2) | 0x100; WRITE_LOW( sp, temp ); goto loop; } case 0x4C: // JMP abs pc = READ_PROG16( pc ); goto loop; case 0xE8: INC_DEC_XY( x, 1 ) // INX case 0x10: // BPL BRANCH( !IS_NEG ) ARITH_ADDR_MODES( 0xC5 ) // CMP nz = a - data; pc++; c = ~nz; nz &= 0xff; goto loop; case 0x30: // BMI BRANCH( IS_NEG ) case 0xF0: // BEQ BRANCH( !(uint8_t) nz ); case 0x95: // STA zp,x data = uint8_t (data + x); case 0x85: // STA zp pc++; WRITE_LOW( data, a ); goto loop; case 0xC8: INC_DEC_XY( y, 1 ) // INY case 0xA8: // TAY y = a; case 0x98: // TYA a = nz = y; goto loop; case 0xB9: // LDA abs,Y data += y; goto lda_ind_common; case 0xBD: // LDA abs,X data += x; lda_ind_common: HANDLE_PAGE_CROSSING( data ); case 0xAD: // LDA abs ADD_PAGE lda_ptr: a = nz = READ( data ); pc++; goto loop; case 0x60: // RTS pc = 1 + READ_LOW( sp ); pc += READ_LOW( 0x100 | (sp - 0xff) ) * 0x100; sp = (sp - 0xfe) | 0x100; goto loop; case 0x99: // STA abs,Y data += y; goto sta_ind_common; case 0x9D: // STA abs,X data += x; sta_ind_common: HANDLE_PAGE_CROSSING( data ); case 0x8D: // STA abs ADD_PAGE sta_ptr: pc++; WRITE( data, a ); goto loop; case 0xA9: // LDA #imm pc++; a = data; nz = data; goto loop; // Branch case 0x50: // BVC BRANCH( !(status & st_v) ) case 0x70: // BVS BRANCH( status & st_v ) case 0xB0: // BCS BRANCH( c & 0x100 ) case 0x90: // BCC BRANCH( !(c & 0x100) ) // Load/store case 0x94: // STY zp,x data = uint8_t (data + x); case 0x84: // STY zp pc++; WRITE_LOW( data, y ); goto loop; case 0x96: // STX zp,y data = uint8_t (data + y); case 0x86: // STX zp pc++; WRITE_LOW( data, x ); goto loop; case 0xB6: // LDX zp,y data = uint8_t (data + y); case 0xA6: // LDX zp data = READ_LOW( data ); case 0xA2: // LDX #imm pc++; x = data; nz = data; goto loop; case 0xB4: // LDY zp,x data = uint8_t (data + x); case 0xA4: // LDY zp data = READ_LOW( data ); case 0xA0: // LDY #imm pc++; y = data; nz = data; goto loop; case 0xB1: // LDA (ind),Y IND_Y goto lda_ptr; case 0xA1: // LDA (ind,X) IND_X goto lda_ptr; case 0x91: // STA (ind),Y IND_Y goto sta_ptr; case 0x81: // STA (ind,X) IND_X goto sta_ptr; case 0xBC: // LDY abs,X data += x; HANDLE_PAGE_CROSSING( data ); case 0xAC:{// LDY abs pc++; unsigned addr = data + 0x100 * READ_PROG( pc ); pc++; y = nz = READ( addr ); goto loop; } case 0xBE: // LDX abs,y data += y; HANDLE_PAGE_CROSSING( data ); case 0xAE:{// LDX abs pc++; unsigned addr = data + 0x100 * READ_PROG( pc ); pc++; x = nz = READ( addr ); goto loop; } { int temp; case 0x8C: // STY abs temp = y; goto store_abs; case 0x8E: // STX abs temp = x; store_abs: unsigned addr = GET_ADDR(); WRITE( addr, temp ); pc += 2; goto loop; } // Compare case 0xEC:{// CPX abs unsigned addr = GET_ADDR(); pc++; data = READ( addr ); goto cpx_data; } case 0xE4: // CPX zp data = READ_LOW( data ); case 0xE0: // CPX #imm cpx_data: nz = x - data; pc++; c = ~nz; nz &= 0xff; goto loop; case 0xCC:{// CPY abs unsigned addr = GET_ADDR(); pc++; data = READ( addr ); goto cpy_data; } case 0xC4: // CPY zp data = READ_LOW( data ); case 0xC0: // CPY #imm cpy_data: nz = y - data; pc++; c = ~nz; nz &= 0xff; goto loop; // Logical ARITH_ADDR_MODES( 0x25 ) // AND nz = (a &= data); pc++; goto loop; ARITH_ADDR_MODES( 0x45 ) // EOR nz = (a ^= data); pc++; goto loop; ARITH_ADDR_MODES( 0x05 ) // ORA nz = (a |= data); pc++; goto loop; case 0x2C:{// BIT abs unsigned addr = GET_ADDR(); pc++; nz = READ( addr ); goto bit_common; } case 0x24: // BIT zp nz = READ_LOW( data ); bit_common: pc++; status &= ~st_v; status |= nz & st_v; // if result is zero, might also be negative, so use secondary N bit if ( !(a & nz) ) nz = (nz << 4) & 0x800; goto loop; // Add/subtract ARITH_ADDR_MODES( 0xE5 ) // SBC case 0xEB: // unofficial equivalent data ^= 0xFF; goto adc_imm; ARITH_ADDR_MODES( 0x65 ) // ADC adc_imm: { int carry = (c >> 8) & 1; int ov = (a ^ 0x80) + carry + (BOOST::int8_t) data; // sign-extend status &= ~st_v; status |= (ov >> 2) & 0x40; c = nz = a + data + carry; pc++; a = (uint8_t) nz; goto loop; } // Shift/rotate case 0x4A: // LSR A c = 0; case 0x6A: // ROR A nz = (c >> 1) & 0x80; // could use bit insert macro here c = a << 8; nz |= a >> 1; a = nz; goto loop; case 0x0A: // ASL A nz = a << 1; c = nz; a = (uint8_t) nz; goto loop; case 0x2A: { // ROL A nz = a << 1; int temp = (c >> 8) & 1; c = nz; nz |= temp; a = (uint8_t) nz; goto loop; } case 0x3E: // ROL abs,X data += x; goto rol_abs; case 0x1E: // ASL abs,X data += x; case 0x0E: // ASL abs c = 0; case 0x2E: // ROL abs rol_abs: HANDLE_PAGE_CROSSING( data ); ADD_PAGE nz = (c >> 8) & 1; nz |= (c = READ( data ) << 1); rotate_common: pc++; WRITE( data, (uint8_t) nz ); goto loop; case 0x7E: // ROR abs,X data += x; goto ror_abs; case 0x5E: // LSR abs,X data += x; case 0x4E: // LSR abs c = 0; case 0x6E: // ROR abs ror_abs: { HANDLE_PAGE_CROSSING( data ); ADD_PAGE int temp = READ( data ); nz = ((c >> 1) & 0x80) | (temp >> 1); c = temp << 8; goto rotate_common; } case 0x76: // ROR zp,x data = uint8_t (data + x); goto ror_zp; case 0x56: // LSR zp,x data = uint8_t (data + x); case 0x46: // LSR zp c = 0; case 0x66: // ROR zp ror_zp: { int temp = READ_LOW( data ); nz = ((c >> 1) & 0x80) | (temp >> 1); c = temp << 8; goto write_nz_zp; } case 0x36: // ROL zp,x data = uint8_t (data + x); goto rol_zp; case 0x16: // ASL zp,x data = uint8_t (data + x); case 0x06: // ASL zp c = 0; case 0x26: // ROL zp rol_zp: nz = (c >> 8) & 1; nz |= (c = READ_LOW( data ) << 1); goto write_nz_zp; // Increment/decrement case 0xCA: INC_DEC_XY( x, -1 ) // DEX case 0x88: INC_DEC_XY( y, -1 ) // DEY case 0xF6: // INC zp,x data = uint8_t (data + x); case 0xE6: // INC zp nz = 1; goto add_nz_zp; case 0xD6: // DEC zp,x data = uint8_t (data + x); case 0xC6: // DEC zp nz = -1; add_nz_zp: nz += READ_LOW( data ); write_nz_zp: pc++; WRITE_LOW( data, nz ); goto loop; case 0xFE: // INC abs,x HANDLE_PAGE_CROSSING( data + x ); data = x + GET_ADDR(); goto inc_ptr; case 0xEE: // INC abs data = GET_ADDR(); inc_ptr: nz = 1; goto inc_common; case 0xDE: // DEC abs,x HANDLE_PAGE_CROSSING( data + x ); data = x + GET_ADDR(); goto dec_ptr; case 0xCE: // DEC abs data = GET_ADDR(); dec_ptr: nz = -1; inc_common: nz += READ( data ); pc += 2; WRITE( data, (uint8_t) nz ); goto loop; // Transfer case 0xAA: // TAX x = a; case 0x8A: // TXA a = nz = x; goto loop; case 0x9A: // TXS SET_SP( x ); // verified (no flag change) goto loop; case 0xBA: // TSX x = nz = GET_SP(); goto loop; // Stack case 0x48: // PHA PUSH( a ); // verified goto loop; case 0x68: // PLA a = nz = READ_LOW( sp ); sp = (sp - 0xff) | 0x100; goto loop; case 0x40: // RTI { int temp = READ_LOW( sp ); pc = READ_LOW( 0x100 | (sp - 0xff) ); pc |= READ_LOW( 0x100 | (sp - 0xfe) ) * 0x100; sp = (sp - 0xfd) | 0x100; data = status; SET_STATUS( temp ); } if ( !((data ^ status) & st_i) ) goto loop; // I flag didn't change i_flag_changed: //dprintf( "%6d %s\n", time(), (status & st_i ? "SEI" : "CLI") ); this->r.status = status; // update externally-visible I flag // update clock_limit based on modified I flag clock_limit = end_time_; if ( end_time_ <= irq_time_ ) goto loop; if ( status & st_i ) goto loop; clock_limit = irq_time_; goto loop; case 0x28:{// PLP int temp = READ_LOW( sp ); sp = (sp - 0xff) | 0x100; data = status; SET_STATUS( temp ); if ( !((data ^ status) & st_i) ) goto loop; // I flag didn't change if ( !(status & st_i) ) goto handle_cli; goto handle_sei; } case 0x08: { // PHP int temp; CALC_STATUS( temp ); PUSH( temp | st_b | st_r ); goto loop; } case 0x6C: // JMP (ind) data = GET_ADDR(); pc = READ( data ); pc |= READ( (data & 0xff00) | ((data + 1) & 0xff) ) << 8; goto loop; case 0x00: { // BRK pc++; WRITE_LOW( 0x100 | (sp - 1), pc >> 8 ); WRITE_LOW( 0x100 | (sp - 2), pc ); int temp; CALC_STATUS( temp ); sp = (sp - 3) | 0x100; WRITE_LOW( sp, temp | st_b | st_r ); pc = READ_PROG16( 0xFFFE ); status |= st_i; goto i_flag_changed; } // Flags case 0x38: // SEC c = ~0; goto loop; case 0x18: // CLC c = 0; goto loop; case 0xB8: // CLV status &= ~st_v; goto loop; case 0xD8: // CLD status &= ~st_d; goto loop; case 0xF8: // SED status |= st_d; goto loop; case 0x58: // CLI if ( !(status & st_i) ) goto loop; status &= ~st_i; handle_cli: //dprintf( "%6d CLI\n", time() ); this->r.status = status; // update externally-visible I flag if ( clock_count < end_time_ ) { assert( clock_limit == end_time_ ); if ( end_time_ <= irq_time_ ) goto loop; // irq is later if ( clock_count >= irq_time_ ) irq_time_ = clock_count + 1; // delay IRQ until after next instruction clock_limit = irq_time_; goto loop; } // execution is stopping now, so delayed CLI must be handled by caller result = result_cli; goto end; case 0x78: // SEI if ( status & st_i ) goto loop; status |= st_i; handle_sei: //dprintf( "%6d SEI\n", time() ); this->r.status = status; // update externally-visible I flag clock_limit = end_time_; if ( clock_count < irq_time_ ) goto loop; result = result_sei; // IRQ will occur now, even though I flag is set goto end; // Undocumented case 0x0C: case 0x1C: case 0x3C: case 0x5C: case 0x7C: case 0xDC: case 0xFC: // SKW pc++; case 0x74: case 0x04: case 0x14: case 0x34: case 0x44: case 0x54: case 0x64: // SKB case 0x80: case 0x82: case 0x89: case 0xC2: case 0xD4: case 0xE2: case 0xF4: pc++; case 0xEA: case 0x1A: case 0x3A: case 0x5A: case 0x7A: case 0xDA: case 0xFA: // NOP goto loop; // Unimplemented case page_wrap_opcode: // HLT if ( pc > 0x10000 ) { // handle wrap-around (assumes caller has put page of HLT at 0x10000) pc = (pc - 1) & 0xffff; clock_count -= 2; goto loop; } // fall through case 0x02: case 0x12: case 0x22: case 0x32: // HLT case 0x42: case 0x52: case 0x62: case 0x72: case 0x92: case 0xB2: case 0xD2: case 0x9B: // TAS case 0x9C: // SAY case 0x9E: // XAS case 0x93: // AXA case 0x9F: // AXA case 0x0B: // ANC case 0x2B: // ANC case 0xBB: // LAS case 0x4B: // ALR case 0x6B: // AAR case 0x8B: // XAA case 0xAB: // OAL case 0xCB: // SAX case 0x83: case 0x87: case 0x8F: case 0x97: // AXS case 0xA3: case 0xA7: case 0xAF: case 0xB3: case 0xB7: case 0xBF: // LAX case 0xE3: case 0xE7: case 0xEF: case 0xF3: case 0xF7: case 0xFB: case 0xFF: // INS case 0xC3: case 0xC7: case 0xCF: case 0xD3: case 0xD7: case 0xDB: case 0xDF: // DCM case 0x63: case 0x67: case 0x6F: case 0x73: case 0x77: case 0x7B: case 0x7F: // RRA case 0x43: case 0x47: case 0x4F: case 0x53: case 0x57: case 0x5B: case 0x5F: // LSE case 0x23: case 0x27: case 0x2F: case 0x33: case 0x37: case 0x3B: case 0x3F: // RLA case 0x03: case 0x07: case 0x0F: case 0x13: case 0x17: case 0x1B: case 0x1F: // ASO result = result_badop; goto stop; } // If this fails then the case above is missing an opcode assert( false ); stop: pc--; end: { int temp; CALC_STATUS( temp ); r.status = temp; } base_time += clock_count; clock_limit -= clock_count; this->clock_count = 0; r.pc = pc; r.sp = GET_SP(); r.a = a; r.x = x; r.y = y; irq_time_ = LONG_MAX / 2 + 1; return result; } #endif