Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/eshell.texi @ 50807:0158fd7739f3
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author | Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org> |
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date | Sun, 04 May 2003 13:08:58 +0000 |
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1 \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- |
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2 @c "@(#)$Name: $:$Id: eshell.texi,v 1.17 2002/12/10 13:16:31 pj Exp $" |
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3 @c %**start of header |
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4 @setfilename ../info/eshell |
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5 @settitle Eshell: The Emacs Shell |
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6 @synindex vr fn |
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7 @c %**end of header |
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8 |
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9 @copying |
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10 This manual is for Eshell, the Emacs shell. |
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11 |
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12 Copyright @copyright{} 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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13 |
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14 @quotation |
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15 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
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16 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or |
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17 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no |
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18 Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU |
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19 Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the |
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20 license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation |
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21 License'' in the Emacs manual. |
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22 |
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23 (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify |
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24 this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free |
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25 Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' |
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26 |
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27 This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free |
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28 Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document |
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29 separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the |
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30 license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license. |
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31 @end quotation |
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32 @end copying |
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33 |
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34 @dircategory Emacs |
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35 @direntry |
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36 * Eshell: (eshell). A command shell implemented in Emacs Lisp. |
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37 @end direntry |
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38 |
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39 @setchapternewpage on |
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40 |
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41 @titlepage |
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42 @sp 4 |
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43 @c The title is printed in a large font. |
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44 @center @titlefont{User's Guide} |
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45 @sp |
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46 @center @titlefont{to} |
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47 @sp |
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48 @center @titlefont{Eshell: The Emacs Shell} |
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49 @ignore |
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50 @sp 2 |
33020 | 51 @center release 2.4 |
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52 @c -release- |
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53 @end ignore |
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54 @sp 3 |
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55 @center John Wiegley |
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56 @c -date- |
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57 |
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58 @page |
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59 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll |
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60 @insertcopying |
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61 @end titlepage |
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62 |
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63 @contents |
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64 |
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65 @c ================================================================ |
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66 @c The real text starts here |
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67 @c ================================================================ |
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68 |
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69 @ifnottex |
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70 @node Top, What is Eshell?, (dir), (dir) |
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71 @top Eshell |
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72 |
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73 This manual documents Eshell, a shell-like command interpretor |
33020 | 74 implemented in Emacs Lisp. It invokes no external processes except for |
75 those requested by the user. It is intended to be a functional | |
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76 replacement for command shells such as @command{bash}, @command{zsh}, |
33020 | 77 @command{rc}, or @command{4dos}; since Emacs itself is capable of |
78 handling the sort of tasks accomplished by those tools. | |
79 @c This manual is updated to release 2.4 of Eshell. | |
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80 @end ifnottex |
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81 |
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82 @menu |
35588 | 83 * What is Eshell?:: A brief introduction to the Emacs Shell. |
84 * Installation:: For users of Emacs 20 and XEmacs. | |
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85 * Command basics:: The basics of command usage. |
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86 * Commands:: |
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87 * Arguments:: |
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88 * Input/Output:: |
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89 * Process control:: |
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90 * Extension modules:: |
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91 * Extras and Goodies:: |
35588 | 92 * Bugs and ideas:: Known problems, and future ideas. |
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93 * Concept Index:: |
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94 * Function and Variable Index:: |
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95 * Key Index:: |
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96 @end menu |
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97 |
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98 @node What is Eshell? |
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99 @chapter What is Eshell? |
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100 @cindex what is Eshell? |
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101 @cindex Eshell, what it is |
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102 |
33020 | 103 Eshell is a @dfn{command shell} written in Emacs Lisp. Everything it |
35588 | 104 does, it uses Emacs' facilities to do. This means that Eshell is as |
33020 | 105 portable as Emacs itself. It also means that cooperation with Lisp code |
106 is natural and seamless. | |
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107 |
33020 | 108 What is a command shell? To properly understand the role of a shell, |
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109 it's necessary to visualize what a computer does for you. Basically, a |
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110 computer is a tool; in order to use that tool, you must tell it what to |
36508 | 111 do---or give it ``commands.'' These commands take many forms, such as |
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112 clicking with a mouse on certain parts of the screen. But that is only |
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113 one form of command input. |
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114 |
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115 By far the most versatile way to express what you want the computer to |
36508 | 116 do is by using an abbreviated language called @dfn{script}. In |
117 script, instead of telling the computer, ``list my files, please'', | |
118 one writes a standard abbreviated command word---@samp{ls}. Typing | |
119 @samp{ls} in a command shell is a script way of telling the computer | |
120 to list your files.@footnote{This is comparable to viewing the | |
121 contents of a folder using a graphical display.} | |
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122 |
33020 | 123 The real flexibility of this approach is apparent only when you realize |
124 that there are many, many different ways to list files. Perhaps you | |
125 want them sorted by name, sorted by date, in reverse order, or grouped | |
126 by type. Most graphical browsers have simple ways to express this. But | |
127 what about showing only a few files, or only files that meet a certain | |
128 criteria? In very complex and specific situations, the request becomes | |
129 too difficult to express using a mouse or pointing device. It is just | |
130 these kinds of requests that are easily solved using a command shell. | |
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131 |
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132 For example, what if you want to list every Word file on your hard |
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133 drive, larger than 100 kilobytes in size, and which hasn't been looked |
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134 at in over six months? That is a good candidate list for deletion, when |
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135 you go to clean up your hard drive. But have you ever tried asking your |
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136 computer for such a list? There is no way to do it! At least, not |
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137 without using a command shell. |
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138 |
33020 | 139 The role of a command shell is to give you more control over what your |
140 computer does for you. Not everyone needs this amount of control, and | |
141 it does come at a cost: Learning the necessary script commands to | |
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142 express what you want done. A complicated query, such as the example |
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143 above, takes time to learn. But if you find yourself using your |
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144 computer frequently enough, it is more than worthwhile in the long run. |
33020 | 145 Any tool you use often deserves the time spent learning to master it. |
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146 @footnote{For the understandably curious, here is what that command |
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147 looks like: But don't let it fool you; once you know what's going on, |
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148 it's easier than it looks: @code{ls -lt **/*.doc(Lk+50aM+5)}.} |
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149 |
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150 As of Emacs 21, Eshell is part of the standard Emacs distribution. |
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151 |
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152 @menu |
33020 | 153 * Contributors to Eshell:: People who have helped out! |
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154 @end menu |
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155 |
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156 @node Contributors to Eshell |
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157 @section Contributors to Eshell |
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158 @cindex contributors |
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159 @cindex authors |
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160 |
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161 Contributions to Eshell are welcome. I have limited time to work on |
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162 this project, but I will gladly add any code you contribute to me to |
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163 this package. |
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164 |
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165 The following persons have made contributions to Eshell. |
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166 |
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167 @itemize @bullet |
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168 @item |
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169 Eli Zaretskii made it possible for Eshell to run without requiring |
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170 asynchronous subprocess support. This is important for MS-DOS, which |
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171 does not have such support.@refill |
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172 |
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173 @item |
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174 Miles Bader contributed many fixes during the port to Emacs 21.@refill |
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175 |
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176 @item |
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177 Stefan Monnier fixed the things which bothered him, which of course made |
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178 things better for all.@refill |
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179 |
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180 @item |
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181 Gerd Moellmann also helped to contribute bug fixes during the initial |
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182 integration with Emacs 21.@refill |
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183 |
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184 @item |
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185 Alex Schroeder contributed code for interactively querying the user |
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186 before overwriting files.@refill |
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187 |
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188 @item |
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189 Sudish Joseph helped with some XEmacs compatibility issues.@refill |
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190 @end itemize |
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191 |
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192 Apart from these, a lot of people have sent suggestions, ideas, |
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193 requests, bug reports and encouragement. Thanks a lot! Without you |
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194 there would be no new releases of Eshell. |
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195 |
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196 @node Installation |
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197 @chapter Installation |
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198 @cindex installation |
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199 |
33020 | 200 As mentioned above, Eshell comes preinstalled as of Emacs 21. If you're |
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201 using Emacs 20.4 or later, or XEmacs 21, you can download the most |
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202 recent version of Eshell from |
48786 | 203 @url{http://www.gci-net.com/users/j/johnw/Emacs/packages/eshell.tar.gz}. |
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204 |
33020 | 205 However, if you are using Emacs 21, you may skip this section. |
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206 |
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207 @section Short Form |
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208 |
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209 Here's exactly what to do, with no explanation why: |
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210 |
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211 @enumerate |
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212 @item |
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213 @samp{M-x load-file RET eshell-auto.el RET}. |
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214 |
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215 @item |
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216 @samp{ESC : (add-to-list 'load-path "<path where Eshell resides>") RET}. |
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217 |
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218 @item |
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219 @samp{ESC : (add-to-list 'load-path "<path where Pcomplete resides>") RET}. |
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220 |
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221 @item |
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222 @samp{M-x eshell RET}. |
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223 |
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224 You should see a version banner displayed. |
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225 |
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226 @item |
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227 @samp{ls RET}. |
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228 |
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229 Confirm that you see a file listing. |
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230 |
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231 @item |
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232 @samp{eshell-test RET}. |
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233 |
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234 Confirm that everything runs correctly. Use @kbd{M-x eshell-report-bug} if |
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235 not. |
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236 |
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237 @item |
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238 @samp{cd $@{dirname (locate-library "eshell-auto")@} RET}. |
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239 |
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240 @item |
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241 @samp{find-file Makefile RET}. |
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242 |
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243 @item |
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244 Edit the Makefile to reflect your site. |
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245 |
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246 @item |
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247 @samp{M-x eshell RET}. |
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248 |
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249 @item |
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250 @samp{make install RET}. |
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251 |
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252 @item |
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253 @samp{find-file $user-init-file RET}. |
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254 |
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255 @item |
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256 Add the following lines to your @file{.emacs} file: |
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257 |
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258 @example |
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259 (add-to-list 'load-path "<directory where you install Eshell>") |
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260 (load "eshell-auto") |
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261 @end example |
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262 |
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263 @item |
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264 @samp{M-x eshell RET}. |
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265 |
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266 @item |
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267 @samp{customize-option #'eshell-modules-list RET}. |
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268 |
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269 @item |
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270 Select the extension modules you prefer. |
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271 |
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272 @item |
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273 Restart Emacs! |
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274 |
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275 @item |
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276 @samp{M-x info RET m Eshell RET}. |
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277 |
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278 Read the manual and enjoy! |
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279 @end enumerate |
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280 |
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281 @section Long Form |
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282 |
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283 @enumerate |
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284 @item |
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285 Before building and installing Eshell, it is important to test that it |
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286 will work properly on your system. To do this, first load the file |
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287 @file{eshell-auto}, which will define certain autoloads required to run |
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288 Eshell. This can be done using the command @kbd{M-x load-file}, and |
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289 then selecting the file @file{eshell-auto.el}. |
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290 |
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291 @item |
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292 In order for Emacs to find Eshell's files, the Eshell directory must be |
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293 added to the @code{load-path} variable. This can be done within Emacs by |
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294 typing: |
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295 |
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296 @example |
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297 ESC : (add-to-list 'load-path "<path where Eshell resides>") RET |
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298 ESC : (add-to-list 'load-path "<path where Pcomplete resides>") RET |
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299 @end example |
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300 |
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301 @item |
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302 Start Eshell from the distributed sources, using default settings, by |
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303 typing @kbd{M-x eshell}. |
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304 |
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305 @item |
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306 Verify that Eshell is functional by typing @command{ls} followed by |
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307 @key{RET}. You should have already seen a version banner announcing the |
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308 version number of this release, followed by a prompt. |
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309 |
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310 @item |
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311 Run the test suite by typing @command{eshell-test} followed by @key{RET} |
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312 in the Eshell buffer. It is important that Emacs be left alone while |
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313 the tests are running, since extraneous command input may cause some of |
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314 the tests to fail (they were never intended to run in the background). |
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315 If all of the tests pass, Eshell should work just fine on your system. |
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316 If any of the tests fail, please send e-mail to the Eshell maintainer |
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317 using the command @kbd{M-x eshell-report-bug}. |
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318 |
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319 @item |
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320 Edit the file @file{Makefile} in the directory containing the Eshell |
35588 | 321 sources to reflect the location of certain Emacs directories at your |
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322 site. The only things you really have to change are the definitions of |
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323 @code{lispdir} and @code{infodir}. The elisp files will be copied to |
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324 @code{lispdir}, and the info file to @code{infodir}. |
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325 |
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326 @item |
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327 Type @kbd{make install} in the directory containing the Eshell sources. |
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328 This will byte-compile all of the @file{*.el} files and copy both the |
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329 source and compiled versions to the directories specified in the |
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330 previous step. It will also copy the info file, and add a corresponding |
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331 entry to your @file{dir} file----if the program @code{install-info} can |
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332 be found on your system. |
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333 |
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334 If you only want to create the compiled elisp files, but don't want to |
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335 install them, you can type just @kbd{make} instead. |
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336 |
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337 @item |
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338 Add the directory into which Eshell was installed to your |
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339 @code{load-path} variable. This can be done by adding the following |
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340 line to your @file{.emacs} file: |
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341 |
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342 @example |
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343 (add-to-list 'load-path "/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp/eshell") |
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344 @end example |
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345 |
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346 The actual directory on your system may differ. |
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347 |
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348 @item |
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349 To install Eshell privately, edit your @file{.emacs} file; to install |
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350 Eshell site-wide, edit the file @file{site-start.el} in your |
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351 @file{site-lisp} directory (usually |
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352 @file{/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp} or something similar). In |
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353 either case enter the following line into the appropriate file: |
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354 |
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355 @example |
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356 (load "eshell-auto") |
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357 @end example |
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358 |
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359 @item |
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360 Restart Emacs. After restarting, customize the variable |
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361 @code{eshell-modules-list}. This variable selects which Eshell |
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362 extension modules you want to use. You will find documentation on each |
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363 of those modules in the Info manual. |
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364 @end enumerate |
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365 |
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366 @cindex documentation, printed version |
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367 @cindex printed version of documentation |
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368 If you have @TeX{} installed at your site, you can make a typeset manual |
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369 from @file{eshell.texi}. |
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370 |
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371 @enumerate |
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372 @item |
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373 Run @TeX{} by typing @kbd{texi2dvi eshell.texi}. (With Emacs 21.1 or |
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374 later, typing @kbd{make eshell.dvi} in the @file{man/} subdirectory of |
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375 the Emacs source distribution will do that.) |
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376 |
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377 @item |
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378 Convert the resulting device independent file @file{eshell.dvi} to a |
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379 form which your printer can output and print it. If you have a |
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380 postscript printer, there is a program, @code{dvi2ps}, which does that; there |
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381 is also a program which comes together with @TeX{}, @code{dvips}, which |
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382 you can use. For other printers, use a suitable DVI driver, |
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383 e.g., @code{dvilj4} for LaserJet-compatible printers. |
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384 @end enumerate |
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385 |
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386 @node Command basics |
35588 | 387 @chapter Basic overview |
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388 |
35588 | 389 A command shell is a means of entering verbally-formed commands. This |
390 is really all that it does, and every feature described in this manual | |
391 is a means to that end. Therefore, it's important to take firm hold on | |
392 exactly what a command is, and how it fits in the overall picture of | |
393 things. | |
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394 |
33020 | 395 @menu |
396 * Commands verbs:: Commands always begin with a verb. | |
397 * Command arguments:: Some verbs require arguments. | |
398 @end menu | |
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399 |
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400 @node Commands verbs |
33020 | 401 @section Commands verbs |
402 | |
403 Commands are expressed using @dfn{script}, a special shorthand language | |
35588 | 404 computers can understand with no trouble. Script is an extremely simple |
405 language; oddly enough, this is what makes it look so complicated! | |
406 Whereas normal languages use a variety of embellishments, the form of a | |
407 script command is always: | |
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408 |
33020 | 409 @example |
36508 | 410 @var{verb} [@var{arguments}] |
33020 | 411 @end example |
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412 |
33020 | 413 The verb expresses what you want your computer to do. There are a fixed |
414 number of verbs, although this number is usually quite large. On the | |
415 author's computer, it reaches almost 1400 in number. But of course, | |
416 only a handful of these are really necessary. | |
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417 |
33020 | 418 Sometimes, the verb is all that's written. A verb is always a single |
35588 | 419 word, usually related to the task it performs. @command{reboot} is a |
36508 | 420 good example. Entering that on GNU/Linux will reboot the |
421 computer---assuming you have sufficient privileges. | |
33020 | 422 |
35588 | 423 Other verbs require more information. These are usually very capable |
424 verbs, and must be told specifically what to do. The extra information | |
425 is given in the form of @dfn{arguments}. For example, the | |
426 @command{echo} verb prints back whatever arguments you type. It | |
427 requires these arguments to know what to echo. A proper use of | |
33020 | 428 @command{echo} looks like this: |
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429 |
33020 | 430 @example |
36508 | 431 echo This is an example of using echo! |
33020 | 432 @end example |
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433 |
35588 | 434 This script command causes the computer to echo back: ``This is an |
36508 | 435 example of using echo!'' |
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436 |
35588 | 437 Although command verbs are always simple words, like @command{reboot} or |
438 @command{echo}, arguments may have a wide variety of forms. There are | |
439 textual arguments, numerical arguments---even Lisp arguments. | |
440 Distinguishing these different types of arguments requires special | |
441 typing, for the computer to know exactly what you mean. | |
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442 |
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443 @node Command arguments |
33020 | 444 @section Command arguments |
445 | |
35588 | 446 Eshell recognizes several different kinds of command arguments: |
447 | |
448 @enumerate | |
449 @item Strings (also called textual arguments) | |
450 @item Numbers (floating point or integer) | |
451 @item Lisp lists | |
452 @item Lisp symbols | |
453 @item Emacs buffers | |
454 @item Emacs process handles | |
455 @end enumerate | |
456 | |
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457 Most users need to worry only about the first two. The third, Lisp lists, |
35588 | 458 occur very frequently, but almost always behind the scenes. |
459 | |
460 Strings are the most common type of argument, and consist of nearly any | |
461 character. Special characters---those used by Eshell | |
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462 specifically---must be preceded by a backslash (@samp{\}). When in doubt, it |
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463 is safe to add backslashes anywhere and everywhere. |
35588 | 464 |
465 Here is a more complicated @command{echo} example: | |
466 | |
467 @example | |
36508 | 468 echo A\ Multi-word\ Argument\ With\ A\ \$\ dollar |
35588 | 469 @end example |
470 | |
471 Beyond this, things get a bit more complicated. While not beyond the | |
472 reach of someone wishing to learn, it is definitely beyond the scope of | |
473 this manual to present it all in a simplistic manner. Get comfortable | |
474 with Eshell as a basic command invocation tool, and learn more about the | |
475 commands on your system; then come back when it all sits more familiarly | |
476 on your mind. Have fun! | |
477 | |
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478 @node Commands |
35588 | 479 @chapter Commands |
480 | |
481 @menu | |
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482 * Invocation:: |
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483 * Completion:: |
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484 * Aliases:: |
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485 * History:: |
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486 * Scripts:: |
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487 * Built-ins:: |
35588 | 488 @end menu |
489 | |
37283 | 490 Essentially, a command shell is all about invoking commands---and |
491 everything that entails. So understanding how Eshell invokes commands | |
492 is the key to comprehending how it all works. | |
493 | |
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494 @node Invocation |
35588 | 495 @section Invocation |
496 | |
37283 | 497 Unlike regular system shells, Eshell never invokes kernel functions |
498 directly, such as @code{exec(3)}. Instead, it uses the Lisp functions | |
499 available in the Emacs Lisp library. It does this by transforming the | |
500 command you specify into a callable Lisp form.@footnote{To see the Lisp | |
501 form that will be invoked, type: @samp{eshell-parse-command "echo | |
502 hello"}} | |
503 | |
504 This transformation, from the string of text typed at the command | |
505 prompt, to the ultimate invocation of either a Lisp function or external | |
506 command, follows these steps: | |
507 | |
508 @enumerate | |
509 @item Parse the command string into separate arguments. | |
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510 @item |
37283 | 511 @end enumerate |
512 | |
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513 @node Completion |
35588 | 514 @section Completion |
515 | |
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516 @node Aliases |
35588 | 517 @section Aliases |
518 | |
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519 @node History |
35588 | 520 @section History |
521 | |
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522 Eshell knows a few built-in variables: |
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523 |
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524 @table @code |
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525 |
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526 @item $+ |
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527 @vindex $+ |
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528 This variable always contains the current working directory. |
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529 |
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530 @item $- |
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531 @vindex $- |
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532 This variable always contains the previous working directory (the |
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533 current working directory from before the last @code{cd} command). |
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534 |
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535 @end table |
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536 |
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537 @node Scripts |
35588 | 538 @section Scripts |
539 | |
540 | |
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541 @node Built-ins |
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542 @section Built-in commands |
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543 |
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544 Here is a list of built-in commands that Eshell knows about: |
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545 |
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546 @table @code |
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547 |
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548 @item cd |
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549 @findex cd |
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550 This command changes the current working directory. Usually, it is |
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551 invoked as @samp{cd foo} where @file{foo} is the new working |
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552 directory. But @code{cd} knows about a few special arguments: |
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553 |
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554 When it receives no argument at all, it changes to the home directory. |
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555 |
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556 Giving the command @samp{cd -} changes back to the previous working |
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557 directory (this is the same as @samp{cd $-}). |
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558 |
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559 The command @samp{cd =} shows the directory stack. Each line is |
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560 numbered. |
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561 |
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562 With @samp{cd =foo}, Eshell searches the directory stack for a |
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563 directory matching the regular expression @samp{foo} and changes to |
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564 that directory. |
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565 |
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566 With @samp{cd -42}, you can access the directory stack by number. |
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567 |
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568 @end table |
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569 |
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570 |
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571 @node Arguments |
35588 | 572 @chapter Arguments |
573 | |
574 @menu | |
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575 * The Parser:: |
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576 * Variables:: |
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577 * Substitution:: |
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578 * Globbing:: |
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579 * Predicates:: |
35588 | 580 @end menu |
581 | |
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582 @node The Parser |
35588 | 583 @section The Parser |
584 | |
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585 @node Variables |
35588 | 586 @section Variables |
587 | |
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588 @node Substitution |
35588 | 589 @section Substitution |
590 | |
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591 @node Globbing |
35588 | 592 @section Globbing |
593 | |
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594 @node Predicates |
35588 | 595 @section Predicates |
596 | |
597 | |
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598 @node Input/Output |
35588 | 599 @chapter Input/Output |
600 | |
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601 @node Process control |
35588 | 602 @chapter Process control |
603 | |
604 | |
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605 @node Extension modules |
35588 | 606 @chapter Extension modules |
607 | |
608 @menu | |
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609 * Writing a module:: |
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610 * Module testing:: |
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611 * Directory handling:: |
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612 * Key rebinding:: |
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613 * Smart scrolling:: |
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614 * Terminal emulation:: |
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615 * Built-in UNIX commands:: |
35588 | 616 @end menu |
617 | |
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618 @node Writing a module |
35588 | 619 @section Writing a module |
620 | |
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621 @node Module testing |
35588 | 622 @section Module testing |
623 | |
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624 @node Directory handling |
35588 | 625 @section Directory handling |
626 | |
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627 @node Key rebinding |
35588 | 628 @section Key rebinding |
629 | |
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630 @node Smart scrolling |
35588 | 631 @section Smart scrolling |
632 | |
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633 @node Terminal emulation |
35588 | 634 @section Terminal emulation |
635 | |
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636 @node Built-in UNIX commands |
35588 | 637 @section Built-in UNIX commands |
638 | |
639 | |
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640 @node Extras and Goodies |
35588 | 641 @chapter Extras and Goodies |
642 | |
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643 @node Bugs and ideas |
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644 @chapter Bugs and ideas |
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645 @cindex reporting bugs and ideas |
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646 @cindex bugs, how to report them |
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647 @cindex author, how to reach |
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648 @cindex email to the author |
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649 @cindex FAQ |
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650 @cindex problems, list of common |
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651 |
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652 If you find a bug or misfeature, don't hesitate to let me know! Send |
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653 email to @email{johnw@@gnu.org}. Feature requests should also be sent |
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654 there. I prefer discussing one thing at a time. If you find several |
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655 unrelated bugs, please report them separately. |
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656 |
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657 If you have ideas for improvements, or if you have written some |
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658 extensions to this package, I would like to hear from you. I hope you |
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659 find this package useful! |
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660 |
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661 @menu |
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662 * Known problems:: |
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663 @end menu |
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664 |
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665 @node Known problems |
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666 @section Known problems |
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667 @cindex known bugs |
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668 @cindex bugs, known |
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669 |
35588 | 670 Below is complete list of known problems with Eshell version 2.4.1, |
671 which is the version included with Emacs 21.1. | |
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672 |
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673 @table @asis |
33020 | 674 @item Differentiate between aliases and functions |
675 | |
676 Allow for a bash-compatible syntax, such as: | |
677 | |
678 @example | |
679 alias arg=blah | |
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680 function arg () @{ blah $* @} |
33020 | 681 @end example |
682 | |
683 @item @samp{for i in 1 2 3 @{ grep -q a b && *echo has it @} | wc -l} outputs result after prompt | |
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684 |
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685 In fact, piping to a process from a looping construct doesn't work in |
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686 general. If I change the call to @code{eshell-copy-handles} in |
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687 @code{eshell-rewrite-for-command} to use @code{eshell-protect}, it seems |
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688 to work, but the output occurs after the prompt is displayed. The whole |
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689 structured command thing is too complicated at present. |
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690 |
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691 @item Error with @command{bc} in @code{eshell-test} |
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692 |
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693 On some XEmacs system, the subprocess interaction test fails |
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694 inexplicably, although @command{bc} works fine at the command prompt. |
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695 |
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696 @item Eshell does not delete @file{*Help*} buffers in XEmacs 21.1.8+ |
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697 |
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698 In XEmacs 21.1.8, the @file{*Help*} buffer has been renamed such that |
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699 multiple instances of the @file{*Help*} buffer can exist. |
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700 |
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701 @item Pcomplete sometimes gets stuck |
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702 |
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703 You press @key{TAB}, but no completions appear, even though the |
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704 directory has matching files. This behavior is rare. |
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705 |
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706 @item @samp{grep python $<rpm -qa>} doesn't work, but using @samp{*grep} does |
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707 |
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708 This happens because the @code{grep} Lisp function returns immediately, |
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709 and then the asynchronous @command{grep} process expects to examine the |
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710 temporary file, which has since been deleted. |
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711 |
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712 @item Problem with C-r repeating text |
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713 |
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714 If the text @emph{before point} reads "./run", and you type @kbd{C-r r u |
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715 n}, it will repeat the line for every character typed. |
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716 |
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717 @item Backspace doesn't scroll back after continuing (in smart mode) |
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718 |
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719 Hitting space during a process invocation, such as @command{make}, will |
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720 cause it to track the bottom of the output; but backspace no longer |
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721 scrolls back. |
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722 |
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723 @item It's not possible to fully @code{unload-feature} Eshell |
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724 |
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725 @item Menu support was removed, but never put back |
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726 |
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727 @item Using C-p and C-n with rebind gets into a locked state |
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728 |
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729 This happened a few times in Emacs 21, but has been unreproducible |
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730 since. |
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731 |
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732 @item If an interactive process is currently running, @kbd{M-!} doesn't work |
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733 |
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734 @item Use a timer instead of @code{sleep-for} when killing child processes |
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735 |
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736 @item Piping to a Lisp function is not supported |
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737 |
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738 Make it so that the Lisp command on the right of the pipe is repeatedly |
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739 called with the input strings as arguments. This will require changing |
33020 | 740 @code{eshell-do-pipeline} to handle non-process targets. |
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741 |
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742 @item Input redirection is not supported |
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743 |
33020 | 744 See the above entry. |
745 | |
35588 | 746 @item Problem running @command{less} without arguments on Windows |
33020 | 747 |
748 The result in the Eshell buffer is: | |
749 | |
750 @example | |
751 Spawning child process: invalid argument | |
752 @end example | |
753 | |
754 Also a new @command{less} buffer was created with nothing in it@dots{} | |
755 (presumably this holds the output of @command{less}). | |
756 | |
757 If @command{less.exe} is invoked from the Eshell command line, the | |
758 expected output is written to the buffer. | |
759 | |
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760 Note that this happens on NT-Emacs 20.6.1 on Windows 2000. The term.el |
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761 package and the supplied shell both use the @command{cmdproxy} program |
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762 for running shells. |
33020 | 763 |
764 @item Implement @samp{-r}, @samp{-n} and @samp{-s} switches for @command{cp} | |
765 | |
766 @item Make @kbd{M-5 M-x eshell} switch to ``*eshell<5>*'', creating if need be | |
767 | |
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768 @item @samp{mv @var{dir} @var{file}.tar} does not remove directories |
33020 | 769 |
770 This is because the tar option --remove-files doesn't do so. Should it | |
771 be Eshell's job? | |
772 | |
773 @item Bind @code{standard-output} and @code{standard-error} | |
774 | |
775 This would be so that if a Lisp function calls @code{print}, everything | |
776 will happen as it should (albeit slowly). | |
777 | |
778 @item When an extension module fails to load, @samp{cd /} gives a Lisp error | |
779 | |
780 @item If a globbing pattern returns one match, should it be a list? | |
781 | |
782 @item Make sure syntax table is correct in Eshell mode | |
783 | |
784 So that @kbd{M-DEL} acts in a predictable manner, etc. | |
785 | |
786 @item Allow all Eshell buffers to share the same history and list-dir | |
787 | |
788 @item There is a problem with script commands that output to @file{/dev/null} | |
789 | |
790 If a script file, somewhere in the middle, uses @samp{> /dev/null}, | |
791 output from all subsequent commands is swallowed. | |
792 | |
793 @item Split up parsing of text after @samp{$} in @file{esh-var.el} | |
794 | |
795 Make it similar to the way that @file{esh-arg.el} is structured. | |
796 Then add parsing of @samp{$[?\n]}. | |
797 | |
798 @item After pressing @kbd{M-RET}, redisplay before running the next command | |
799 | |
800 @item Argument predicates and modifiers should work anywhere in a path | |
801 | |
802 @example | |
803 /usr/local/src/editors/vim $ vi **/CVS(/)/Root(.) | |
804 Invalid regexp: "Unmatched ( or \\(" | |
805 @end example | |
806 | |
807 With @command{zsh}, the glob above expands to all files named | |
808 @file{Root} in directories named @file{CVS}. | |
809 | |
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810 @item Typing @samp{echo $@{locate locate@}/bin<TAB>} results in a Lisp error |
33020 | 811 |
812 Perhaps it should interpolate all permutations, and make that the | |
813 globbing result, since otherwise hitting return here will result in | |
814 ``(list of filenames)/bin'', which is never valuable. Thus, one could | |
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815 @command{cat} only C backup files by using @samp{ls $@{identity *.c@}~}. |
33020 | 816 In that case, having an alias command name @command{glob} for |
817 @command{identity} would be useful. | |
818 | |
819 @item Once symbolic mode is supported for @command{umask}, implement @command{chmod} in Lisp | |
820 | |
821 @item Create @code{eshell-expand-file-name} | |
822 | |
823 This would use a data table to transform things such as @samp{~+}, | |
824 @samp{...}, etc. | |
825 | |
826 @item Abstract @file{em-smart.el} into @file{smart-scroll.el} | |
827 | |
828 It only really needs: to be hooked onto the output filter and the | |
829 pre-command hook, and to have the input-end and input-start markers. | |
36508 | 830 And to know whether the last output group was ``successful.'' |
33020 | 831 |
832 @item Allow for fully persisting the state of Eshell | |
833 | |
834 This would include: variables, history, buffer, input, dir stack, etc. | |
835 | |
836 @item Implement D as an argument predicate | |
837 | |
838 It means that files beginning with a dot should be included in the | |
839 glob match. | |
840 | |
841 @item A comma in a predicate list should mean OR | |
842 | |
843 At the moment, this is not supported. | |
844 | |
845 @item Error if a glob doesn't expand due to a predicate | |
846 | |
847 An error should be generated only if @code{eshell-error-if-no-glob} is | |
848 non-nil. | |
849 | |
850 @item @samp{(+ RET SPC TAB} does not cause @code{indent-according-to-mode} to occur | |
851 | |
852 @item Create @code{eshell-auto-accumulate-list} | |
853 | |
854 This is a list of commands for which, if the user presses @kbd{RET}, the | |
855 text is staged as the next Eshell command, rather than being sent to the | |
856 current interactive process. | |
857 | |
858 @item Display file and line number if an error occurs in a script | |
859 | |
860 @item @command{wait} doesn't work with process ids at the moment | |
861 | |
862 @item Enable the direct-to-process input code in @file{em-term.el} | |
863 | |
864 @item Problem with repeating @samp{echo $@{find /tmp@}} | |
865 | |
866 With smart display active, if @kbd{RET} is held down, after a while it | |
867 can't keep up anymore and starts outputting blank lines. It only | |
868 happens if an asynchronous process is involved@dots{} | |
869 | |
870 I think the problem is that @code{eshell-send-input} is resetting the | |
871 input target location, so that if the asynchronous process is not done | |
872 by the time the next @kbd{RET} is received, the input processor thinks | |
873 that the input is meant for the process; which, when smart display is | |
874 enabled, will be the text of the last command line! That is a bug in | |
875 itself. | |
876 | |
877 In holding down @kbd{RET} while an asynchronous process is running, | |
878 there will be a point in between termination of the process, and the | |
879 running of @code{eshell-post-command-hook}, which would cause | |
880 @code{eshell-send-input} to call @code{eshell-copy-old-input}, and then | |
881 process that text as a command to be run after the process. Perhaps | |
882 there should be a way of killing pending input between the death of the | |
883 process, and the @code{post-command-hook}. | |
884 | |
885 @item Allow for a more aggressive smart display mode | |
886 | |
887 Perhaps toggled by a command, that makes each output block a smart | |
888 display block. | |
889 | |
890 @item Create more meta variables | |
891 | |
892 @table @samp | |
893 @item $! | |
894 The reason for the failure of the last disk command, or the text of the | |
895 last Lisp error. | |
896 | |
897 @item $= | |
898 A special associate array, which can take references of the form | |
899 @samp{$=[REGEXP]}. It indexes into the directory ring. | |
900 @end table | |
901 | |
902 @item Eshell scripts can't execute in the background | |
903 | |
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904 @item Support zsh's ``Parameter Expansion'' syntax, i.e. @samp{$@{@var{name}:-@var{val}@}} |
33020 | 905 |
906 @item Write an @command{info} alias that can take arguments | |
907 | |
908 So that the user can enter @samp{info chmod}, for example. | |
909 | |
910 @item Create a mode @code{eshell-browse} | |
911 | |
912 It would treat the Eshell buffer as a outline. Collapsing the outline | |
913 hides all of the output text. Collapsing again would show only the | |
914 first command run in each directory | |
915 | |
916 @item Allow other revisions of a file to be referenced using @samp{file@{rev@}} | |
917 | |
918 This would be expanded by @code{eshell-expand-file-name} (see above). | |
919 | |
920 @item Print ``You have new mail'' when the ``Mail'' icon is turned on | |
921 | |
922 @item Implement @kbd{M-|} for Eshell | |
923 | |
924 @item Implement input redirection | |
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925 |
33020 | 926 If it's a Lisp function, input redirection implies @command{xargs} (in a |
927 way@dots{}). If input redirection is added, also update the | |
928 @code{file-name-quote-list}, and the delimiter list. | |
929 | |
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930 @item Allow @samp{#<@var{word} @var{arg}>} as a generic syntax |
33020 | 931 |
932 With the handling of @emph{word} specified by an | |
933 @code{eshell-special-alist}. | |
934 | |
35588 | 935 @item In @code{eshell-veal-using-options}, allow a @code{:complete} tag |
33020 | 936 |
937 It would be used to provide completion rules for that command. Then the | |
938 macro will automagically define the completion function. | |
939 | |
940 @item For @code{eshell-command-on-region}, apply redirections to the result | |
941 | |
942 So that @samp{+ > 'blah} would cause the result of the @code{+} (using | |
943 input from the current region) to be inserting into the symbol | |
944 @code{blah}. | |
945 | |
946 If an external command is being invoked, the input is sent as standard | |
947 input, as if a @samp{cat <region> |} had been invoked. | |
948 | |
949 If a Lisp command, or an alias, is invoked, then if the line has no | |
950 newline characters, it is divided by whitespace and passed as arguments | |
951 to the Lisp function. Otherwise, it is divided at the newline | |
952 characters. Thus, invoking @code{+} on a series of numbers will add | |
953 them; @code{min} would display the smallest figure, etc. | |
954 | |
955 @item Write @code{eshell-script-mode} as a minor mode | |
956 | |
957 It would provide syntax, abbrev, highlighting and indenting support like | |
958 @code{emacs-lisp-mode} and @code{shell-mode}. | |
959 | |
960 @item In the history mechanism, finish the @command{bash}-style support | |
961 | |
962 This means @samp{!n}, @samp{!#}, @samp{!:%}, and @samp{!:1-} as separate | |
963 from @samp{!:1*}. | |
964 | |
965 @item Support the -n command line option for @command{history} | |
966 | |
967 @item Implement @command{fc} in Lisp | |
968 | |
969 @item Specifying a frame as a redirection target should imply the currently active window's buffer | |
970 | |
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971 @item Implement @samp{>@var{func-or-func-list}} |
33020 | 972 |
973 This would allow for an ``output translators'', that take a function to | |
974 modify output with, and a target. Devise a syntax that works well with | |
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975 pipes, and can accommodate multiple functions (i.e., @samp{>'(upcase |
33020 | 976 regexp-quote)} or @samp{>'upcase}). |
977 | |
978 @item Allow Eshell to read/write to/from standard input and output | |
979 | |
980 This would be optional, rather than always using the Eshell buffer. | |
981 This would allow it to be run from the command line (perhaps). | |
982 | |
983 @item Write a @command{help} command | |
984 | |
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985 It would call subcommands with @option{--help}, or @option{-h} or |
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986 @option{/?}, as appropriate. |
33020 | 987 |
988 @item Implement @command{stty} in Lisp | |
989 | |
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990 @item Support @command{rc}'s matching operator, e.g. @samp{~ (@var{list}) @var{regexp}} |
33020 | 991 |
992 @item Implement @command{bg} and @command{fg} as editors of @code{eshell-process-list} | |
993 | |
994 Using @command{bg} on a process that is already in the background does | |
995 nothing. Specifying redirection targets replaces (or adds) to the list | |
996 current being used. | |
997 | |
998 @item Have @command{jobs} print only the processes for the current shell | |
999 | |
1000 @item How can Eshell learn if a background process has requested input? | |
1001 | |
1002 @item Support @samp{2>&1} and @samp{>&} and @samp{2>} and @samp{|&} | |
1003 | |
1004 The syntax table for parsing these should be customizable, such that the | |
1005 user could change it to use rc syntax: @samp{>[2=1]}. | |
1006 | |
1007 @item Allow @samp{$_[-1]}, which would indicate the last element of the array | |
1008 | |
1009 @item Make @samp{$x[*]} equal to listing out the full contents of @samp{x} | |
1010 | |
1011 Return them as a list, so that @samp{$_[*]} is all the arguments of the | |
1012 last command. | |
1013 | |
1014 @item Copy ANSI code handling from @file{term.el} into @file{em-term.el} | |
1015 | |
1016 Make it possible for the user to send char-by-char to the underlying | |
1017 process. Ultimately, I should be able to move away from using term.el | |
1018 altogether, since everything but the ANSI code handling is already part | |
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1019 of Eshell. Then, things would work correctly on MS-Windows as well |
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1020 (which doesn't have @file{/bin/sh}, although @file{term.el} tries to use |
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1021 it). |
33020 | 1022 |
1023 @item Make the shell spawning commands be visual | |
1024 | |
1025 That is, make (@command{su}, @command{bash}, @command{telnet}, | |
1026 @command{rlogin}, @command{rsh}, etc.) be part of | |
1027 @code{eshell-visual-commands}. The only exception is if the shell is | |
1028 being used to invoke a single command. Then, the behavior should be | |
1029 based on what that command is. | |
1030 | |
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1031 @item Create a smart viewing command named @command{open} |
33020 | 1032 |
1033 This would search for some way to open its argument (similar to opening | |
1034 a file in the Windows Explorer). | |
1035 | |
1036 @item Alias @command{read} to be the same as @command{open}, only read-only | |
1037 | |
1038 @item Write a @command{tail} command which uses @code{view-file} | |
1039 | |
1040 It would move point to the end of the buffer, and then turns on | |
1041 auto-revert mode in that buffer at frequent intervals---and a | |
1042 @command{head} alias which assums an upper limit of | |
1043 @code{eshell-maximum-line-length} characters per line. | |
1044 | |
1045 @item Make @command{dgrep} load @code{dired}, mark everything, then invoke @code{dired-do-search} | |
1046 | |
35588 | 1047 @item Write mesh.c |
33020 | 1048 |
1049 This would run Emacs with the appropriate arguments to invoke Eshell | |
1050 only. That way, it could be listed as a login shell. | |
1051 | |
1052 @item Use an intangible @code{PS2} string for multi-line input prompts | |
1053 | |
1054 @item Auto-detect when a command is visual, by checking @code{TERMCAP} usage | |
1055 | |
1056 @item The first keypress after @kbd{M-x watson} triggers `eshell-send-input' | |
1057 | |
1058 @item Make @kbd{/} electric | |
1059 | |
1060 So that it automatically expands and corrects pathnames. Or make | |
1061 pathname completion for Pcomplete auto-expand @samp{/u/i/std<TAB>} to | |
1062 @samp{/usr/include/std<TAB>}. | |
1063 | |
1064 @item Write the @command{pushd} stack to disk along with @code{last-dir-ring} | |
1065 | |
1066 @item Add options to @code{eshell/cat} which would allow it to sort and uniq | |
1067 | |
1068 @item Implement @command{wc} in Lisp | |
1069 | |
1070 Add support for counting sentences, paragraphs, pages, etc. | |
1071 | |
1072 @item Once piping is added, implement @command{sort} and @command{uniq} in Lisp | |
1073 | |
1074 @item Implement @command{touch} in Lisp | |
1075 | |
1076 @item Implement @command{comm} in Lisp | |
1077 | |
1078 @item Implement an @command{epatch} command in Lisp | |
1079 | |
1080 This would call @code{ediff-patch-file}, or @code{ediff-patch-buffer}, | |
1081 depending on its argument. | |
1082 | |
1083 @item Have an option such that @samp{ls -l} generates a dired buffer | |
1084 | |
1085 @item Write a version of @command{xargs} based on command rewriting | |
1086 | |
1087 That is, @samp{find X | xargs Y} would be indicated using @samp{Y | |
1088 $@{find X@}}. Maybe @code{eshell-do-pipelines} could be changed to | |
1089 perform this on-thy-fly rewriting. | |
1090 | |
1091 @item Write an alias for @command{less} that brings up a @code{view-mode} buffer | |
1092 | |
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1093 Such that the user can press @key{SPC} and @key{DEL}, and then @key{q} |
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1094 to return to Eshell. It would be equivalent to: |
33020 | 1095 @samp{X > #<buffer Y>; view-buffer #<buffer Y>}. |
1096 | |
1097 @item Make @code{eshell-mode} as much a full citizen as @code{shell-mode} | |
1098 | |
1099 Everywhere in Emacs where @code{shell-mode} is specially noticed, add | |
1100 @code{eshell-mode} there. | |
1101 | |
1102 @item Permit the umask to be selectively set on a @command{cp} target | |
1103 | |
1104 @item Problem using @kbd{M-x eshell} after using @code{eshell-command} | |
1105 | |
1106 If the first thing that I do after entering Emacs is to run | |
1107 @code{eshell-command} and invoke @command{ls}, and then use @kbd{M-x | |
1108 eshell}, it doesn't display anything. | |
1109 | |
1110 @item @kbd{M-RET} during a long command (using smart display) doesn't work | |
1111 | |
1112 Since it keeps the cursor up where the command was invoked. | |
1113 | |
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1114 @end table |
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1115 |
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1116 @node Concept Index |
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1117 @unnumbered Concept Index |
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1118 |
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1119 @printindex cp |
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1120 |
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1121 @node Function and Variable Index |
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1122 @unnumbered Function and Variable Index |
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1123 |
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1124 @printindex fn |
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1125 |
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1126 @node Key Index |
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1127 @unnumbered Key Index |
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1128 |
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1129 @printindex ky |
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1130 @bye |