Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/xresmini.texi @ 71029:0182f7d67a2c
(set_cursor_from_row): Update prototype.
author | Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk> |
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date | Sun, 28 May 2006 20:19:17 +0000 |
parents | fc945cb968d9 |
children | b7261e09f8e4 |
rev | line source |
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1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2001, 2002, 2003, |
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3 @c 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
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5 @node X Resources, Antinews, Emacs Invocation, Top |
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6 @appendix X Options and Resources |
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7 |
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8 You can customize some X-related aspects of Emacs behavior using X |
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9 resources, as is usual for programs that use X. On MS-Windows, you |
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10 can customize some of the same aspects using the system registry. |
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11 @xref{MS-Windows Registry}. Likewise, Emacs on MacOS Carbon emulates X |
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12 resources using the Preferences system. @xref{Mac Environment Variables}. |
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13 |
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14 When Emacs is built using an ``X toolkit'', such as Lucid or |
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15 LessTif, you need to use X resources to customize the appearance of |
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16 the widgets, including the menu-bar, scroll-bar, and dialog boxes. |
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17 This is because the libraries that implement these don't provide for |
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18 customization through Emacs. GTK+ widgets use a separate system of |
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19 ``GTK resources''. In this chapter we describe the most commonly used |
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20 resource specifications. For full documentation, see the online |
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21 manual. |
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22 |
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23 @c Add xref for LessTif/Motif menu resources. |
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24 |
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25 @menu |
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26 * Resources:: Using X resources with Emacs (in general). |
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27 * Table of Resources:: Table of specific X resources that affect Emacs. |
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28 * Face Resources:: X resources for customizing faces. |
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29 * Lucid Resources:: X resources for Lucid menus. |
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30 * GTK resources:: Resources for GTK widgets. |
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31 @end menu |
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32 |
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33 @node Resources |
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34 @appendixsec X Resources |
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35 @cindex resources |
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36 @cindex X resources |
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37 @cindex @file{~/.Xdefaults} file |
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38 @cindex @file{~/.Xresources} file |
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39 |
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40 Programs running under the X Window System organize their user |
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41 options under a hierarchy of classes and resources. You can specify |
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42 default values for these options in your X resources file, usually |
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43 named @file{~/.Xdefaults} or @file{~/.Xresources}. |
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44 If changes in @file{~/.Xdefaults} do not |
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45 take effect, it is because your X server stores its own list of |
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46 resources; to update them, use the shell command @command{xrdb}---for |
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47 instance, @samp{xrdb ~/.Xdefaults}. |
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48 |
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49 Each line in the file specifies a value for one option or for a |
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50 collection of related options, for one program or for several programs |
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51 (optionally even for all programs). |
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52 |
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53 @cindex Registry (MS-Windows) |
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54 MS-Windows systems don't support @file{~/.Xdefaults} files, but |
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55 Emacs compiled for Windows looks for X resources in the Windows |
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56 Registry, under the key @samp{HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\GNU\Emacs} |
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57 and then under the key @samp{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\GNU\Emacs}. |
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58 The menu and scrollbars are native widgets on MS-Windows, so they are |
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59 only customizable via the system-wide settings in the Display Control |
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60 Panel. You can also set resources using the @samp{-xrm} command line |
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61 option (see below.) |
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62 |
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63 Applications such as Emacs look for resources with specific names |
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64 and their particular meanings. Case distinctions are significant in |
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65 these names. Each resource specification in @file{~/.Xdefaults} |
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66 states the name of the program and the name of the resource. For |
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67 Emacs, the program name is @samp{Emacs}. It looks like this: |
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68 |
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69 @example |
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70 Emacs.borderWidth: 2 |
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71 @end example |
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72 |
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73 The order in which the lines appear in the file does not matter. |
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74 Also, command-line options always override the X resources file. |
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75 |
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76 You can experiment with the effect of different resource settings |
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77 with the @code{editres} program. Select @samp{Get Tree} from the |
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78 @samp{Commands} menu, then click on an Emacs frame. This will display |
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79 a tree showing the structure of X toolkit widgets used in an Emacs |
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80 frame. Select one of them, such as @samp{menubar}, then select |
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81 @samp{Show Resource Box} from the @samp{Commands} menu. This displays |
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82 a list of all the meaningful X resources for that widget, and allows |
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83 you to edit them. Changes take effect when you click on the |
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84 @samp{Apply} button. (See the @code{editres} man page for more |
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85 details.) |
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86 |
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87 @node Table of Resources |
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88 @appendixsec Table of X Resources for Emacs |
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89 |
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90 This table lists the resource names that designate options for |
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91 Emacs, not counting those for the appearance of the menu bar, each |
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92 with the class that it belongs to: |
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93 |
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94 @table @asis |
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95 @item @code{background} (class @code{Background}) |
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96 Background color name. |
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97 |
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98 @item @code{borderColor} (class @code{BorderColor}) |
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99 Color name for the external border. |
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100 |
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101 @item @code{cursorColor} (class @code{Foreground}) |
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102 Color name for text cursor (point). |
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103 |
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104 @item @code{font} (class @code{Font}) |
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105 Font name (or fontset name, @pxref{Fontsets}) for @code{default} font. |
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106 |
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107 @item @code{foreground} (class @code{Foreground}) |
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108 Color name for text. |
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109 |
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110 @item @code{geometry} (class @code{Geometry}) |
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111 Window size and position. Be careful not to specify this resource as |
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112 @samp{emacs*geometry}, because that may affect individual menus as well |
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113 as the Emacs frame itself. |
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114 |
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115 If this resource specifies a position, that position applies only to the |
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116 initial Emacs frame (or, in the case of a resource for a specific frame |
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117 name, only that frame). However, the size, if specified here, applies to |
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118 all frames. |
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119 |
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120 @item @code{iconName} (class @code{Title}) |
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121 Name to display in the icon. |
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122 |
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123 @item @code{internalBorder} (class @code{BorderWidth}) |
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124 Width in pixels of the internal border. |
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125 |
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126 @item @code{lineSpacing} (class @code{LineSpacing}) |
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127 @cindex line spacing |
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128 @cindex leading |
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129 Additional space (@dfn{leading}) between lines, in pixels. |
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130 |
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131 @item @code{menuBar} (class @code{MenuBar}) |
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132 @cindex menu bar |
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133 Give frames menu bars if @samp{on}; don't have menu bars if |
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134 @samp{off}. @xref{Lucid Resources}, for how to control the appearance |
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135 of the menu bar if you have one. |
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136 |
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137 @item @code{pointerColor} (class @code{Foreground}) |
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138 Color of the mouse cursor. |
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139 |
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140 @item @code{screenGamma} (class @code{ScreenGamma}) |
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141 @cindex gamma correction |
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142 Gamma correction for colors, equivalent to the frame parameter |
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143 @code{screen-gamma}. |
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144 |
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145 @item @code{title} (class @code{Title}) |
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146 Name to display in the title bar of the initial Emacs frame. |
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147 |
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148 @item @code{toolBar} (class @code{ToolBar}) |
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149 @cindex tool bar |
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150 Number of lines to reserve for the tool bar. A zero value suppresses |
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151 the tool bar. If the value is non-zero and |
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152 @code{auto-resize-tool-bars} is non-@code{nil}, the tool bar's size |
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153 will be changed automatically so that all tool bar items are visible. |
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154 |
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155 @item @code{useXIM} (class @code{UseXIM}) |
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156 @cindex XIM |
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157 @cindex X input methods |
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158 @cindex input methods, X |
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159 Turn off use of X input methods (XIM) if @samp{false} or @samp{off}. |
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160 This is only relevant if your Emacs is actually built with XIM |
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161 support. It is potentially useful to turn off XIM for efficiency, |
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162 especially slow X client/server links. |
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163 |
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164 @item @code{verticalScrollBars} (class @code{ScrollBars}) |
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165 Give frames scroll bars if @samp{on}; don't have scroll bars if |
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166 @samp{off}. |
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167 @end table |
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168 |
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169 @node Face Resources |
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170 @appendixsec X Resources for Faces |
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171 |
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172 You can use resources to customize the appearance of particular |
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173 faces (@pxref{Faces}): |
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174 |
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175 @table @code |
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176 @item @var{face}.attributeForeground |
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177 Foreground color for face @var{face}. |
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178 @item @var{face}.attributeBackground |
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179 Background color for face @var{face}. |
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180 @item @var{face}.attributeUnderline |
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181 Underline flag for face @var{face}. Use @samp{on} or @samp{true} for |
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182 yes. |
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183 @item @var{face}.attributeStrikeThrough |
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184 @itemx @var{face}.attributeOverline |
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185 @itemx @var{face}.attributeBox |
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186 @itemx @var{face}.attributeInverse |
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187 Likewise, for other boolean font attributes. |
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188 @item @var{face}.attributeStipple |
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189 The name of a pixmap data file to use for the stipple pattern, or |
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190 @code{false} to not use stipple for the face @var{face}. |
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191 @item @var{face}.attributeBackgroundPixmap |
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192 The background pixmap for the face @var{face}. Should be a name of a |
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193 pixmap file or @code{false}. |
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194 @item @var{face}.attributeFont |
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195 Font name (full XFD name or valid X abbreviation) for face @var{face}. |
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196 Instead of this, you can specify the font through separate attributes. |
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197 @end table |
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198 |
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199 Instead of using @code{attributeFont} to specify a font name, you can |
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200 select a font through these separate attributes: |
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201 |
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202 @table @code |
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203 @item @var{face}.attributeFamily |
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204 Font family for face @var{face}. |
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205 @item @var{face}.attributeHeight |
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206 Height of the font to use for face @var{face}: either an integer |
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207 specifying the height in units of 1/10@dmn{pt}, or a floating point |
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208 number that specifies a scale factor to scale the underlying face's |
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209 default font, or a function to be called with the default height which |
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210 will return a new height. |
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211 @item @var{face}.attributeWidth |
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212 @itemx @var{face}.attributeWeight |
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213 @itemx @var{face}.attributeSlant |
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214 Each of these resources corresponds to a like-named font attribute, |
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215 and you write the resource value the same as the symbol you would use |
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216 for the font attribute value. |
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217 @item @var{face}.attributeBold |
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218 Bold flag for face @var{face}---instead of @code{attributeWeight}. Use @samp{on} or @samp{true} for |
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219 yes. |
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220 @item @var{face}.attributeItalic |
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221 Italic flag for face @var{face}---instead of @code{attributeSlant}. |
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222 @end table |
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223 |
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224 @node Lucid Resources |
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225 @appendixsec Lucid Menu X Resources |
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226 @cindex Menu X Resources (Lucid widgets) |
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227 @cindex Lucid Widget X Resources |
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228 |
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229 If the Emacs installed at your site was built to use the X toolkit |
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230 with the Lucid menu widgets, then the menu bar is a separate widget |
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231 and has its own resources. The resource specifications start with |
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232 @samp{Emacs.pane.menubar}---for instance, to specify the font |
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233 @samp{8x16} for the menu-bar items, write this: |
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234 |
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235 @example |
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236 Emacs.pane.menubar.font: 8x16 |
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237 @end example |
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238 |
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239 @noindent |
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240 Resources for @emph{non-menubar} toolkit pop-up menus have |
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241 @samp{menu*} instead of @samp{pane.menubar}. For example, to specify |
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242 the font @samp{8x16} for the pop-up menu items, write this: |
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243 |
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244 @example |
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245 Emacs.menu*.font: 8x16 |
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246 @end example |
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247 |
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248 @noindent |
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249 For dialog boxes, use @samp{dialog*}: |
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250 |
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251 @example |
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252 Emacs.dialog*.font: 8x16 |
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253 @end example |
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254 |
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255 @noindent |
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256 The Lucid menus can display multilingual text in your locale. For |
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257 more information about fontsets see the man page for |
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258 @code{XCreateFontSet}. To enable multilingual menu text you specify a |
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259 @code{fontSet} resource instead of the font resource. If both |
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260 @code{font} and @code{fontSet} resources are specified, the |
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261 @code{fontSet} resource is used. |
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262 |
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263 Thus, to specify @samp{-*-helvetica-medium-r-*--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*,*} |
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264 for both the popup and menu bar menus, write this: |
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265 |
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266 @example |
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267 Emacs*menu*fontSet: -*-helvetica-medium-r-*--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*,* |
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268 @end example |
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269 |
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270 @noindent |
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271 The @samp{*menu*} as a wildcard matches @samp{pane.menubar} and |
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272 @samp{menu@dots{}}. |
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273 |
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274 Experience shows that on some systems you may need to add |
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275 @samp{shell.}@: before the @samp{pane.menubar} or @samp{menu*}. On |
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276 some other systems, you must not add @samp{shell.}. The generic wildcard |
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277 approach should work on both kinds of systems. |
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278 |
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279 Here is a list of the specific resources for menu bars and pop-up menus: |
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280 |
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281 @table @code |
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282 @item font |
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283 Font for menu item text. |
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284 @item fontSet |
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285 Fontset for menu item text. |
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286 @item foreground |
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287 Color of the foreground. |
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288 @item background |
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289 Color of the background. |
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290 @item buttonForeground |
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291 In the menu bar, the color of the foreground for a selected item. |
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292 @item margin |
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293 The margin of the menu bar, in characters. Default is 1. |
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294 @end table |
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295 |
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296 @node GTK resources |
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297 @appendixsec GTK resources |
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298 |
70510 | 299 The most common way to customize the GTK widgets Emacs uses (menus, dialogs |
300 tool bars and scroll bars) is by choosing an appropriate theme, for example | |
301 with the GNOME theme selector. You can also do Emacs specific customization | |
302 by inserting GTK style directives in the file @file{~/.emacs.d/gtkrc}. Some GTK | |
303 themes ignore customizations in @file{~/.emacs.d/gtkrc} so not everything | |
304 works with all themes. To customize Emacs font, background, faces, etc., use | |
305 the normal X resources (@pxref{Resources}). We will present some examples of | |
306 customizations here, but for a more detailed description, see the online manual. | |
307 | |
308 The first example is just one line. It changes the font on all GTK widgets | |
309 to courier with size 12: | |
310 | |
311 @smallexample | |
312 gtk-font-name = "courier 12" | |
313 @end smallexample | |
314 | |
315 The thing to note is that the font name is not an X font name, like | |
316 -*-helvetica-medium-r-*--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*, but a Pango font name. A Pango | |
317 font name is basically of the format "family style size", where the style | |
318 is optional as in the case above. A name with a style could be for example: | |
319 | |
320 @smallexample | |
321 gtk-font-name = "helvetica bold 10" | |
322 @end smallexample | |
323 | |
324 To customize widgets you first define a style and then apply the style to | |
325 the widgets. Here is an example that sets the font for menus, but not | |
326 for other widgets: | |
327 | |
328 @smallexample | |
329 # @r{Define the style @samp{menufont}.} | |
330 style "menufont" | |
331 @{ | |
332 font_name = "helvetica bold 14" # This is a Pango font name | |
333 @} | |
334 | |
335 # @r{Specify that widget type @samp{*emacs-menuitem*} uses @samp{menufont}.} | |
336 widget "*emacs-menuitem*" style "menufont" | |
337 @end smallexample | |
338 | |
339 The widget name in this example contains wildcards, so the style will be | |
340 applied to all widgets that match "*emacs-menuitem*". The widgets are | |
341 named by the way they are contained, from the outer widget to the inner widget. | |
342 So to apply the style "my_style" (not shown) with the full, absolute name, for | |
343 the menubar and the scroll bar in Emacs we use: | |
344 | |
345 @smallexample | |
346 widget "Emacs.pane.menubar" style "my_style" | |
347 widget "Emacs.pane.emacs.verticalScrollBar" style "my_style" | |
348 @end smallexample | |
349 | |
350 But to aoid having to type it all, wildcards are often used. @samp{*} | |
351 matches zero or more characters and @samp{?} matches one character. So "*" | |
352 matches all widgets. | |
353 | |
354 Each widget has a class (for example GtkMenuItem) and a name (emacs-menuitem). | |
355 You can assign styles by name or by class. In this example we have used the | |
356 class: | |
357 | |
358 @smallexample | |
359 style "menufont" | |
360 @{ | |
361 font_name = "helvetica bold 14" | |
362 @} | |
363 | |
364 widget_class "*GtkMenuBar" style "menufont" | |
365 @end smallexample | |
366 | |
367 @noindent | |
368 The names and classes for the GTK widgets Emacs uses are: | |
369 | |
370 @multitable {@code{verticalScrollbar plus}} {@code{GtkFileSelection} and some} | |
371 @item @code{emacs-filedialog} | |
372 @tab @code{GtkFileSelection} | |
373 @item @code{emacs-dialog} | |
374 @tab @code{GtkDialog} | |
375 @item @code{Emacs} | |
376 @tab @code{GtkWindow} | |
377 @item @code{pane} | |
378 @tab @code{GtkVHbox} | |
379 @item @code{emacs} | |
380 @tab @code{GtkFixed} | |
381 @item @code{verticalScrollBar} | |
382 @tab @code{GtkVScrollbar} | |
383 @item @code{emacs-toolbar} | |
384 @tab @code{GtkToolbar} | |
385 @item @code{menubar} | |
386 @tab @code{GtkMenuBar} | |
387 @item @code{emacs-menuitem} | |
388 @tab anything in menus | |
389 @end multitable | |
390 | |
391 GTK absolute names are quite strange when it comes to menus | |
392 and dialogs. The names do not start with @samp{Emacs}, as they are | |
393 free-standing windows and not contained (in the GTK sense) by the | |
394 Emacs GtkWindow. To customize the dialogs and menus, use wildcards like this: | |
395 | |
396 @smallexample | |
397 widget "*emacs-dialog*" style "my_dialog_style" | |
398 widget "*emacs-filedialog* style "my_file_style" | |
399 widget "*emacs-menuitem* style "my_menu_style" | |
400 @end smallexample | |
401 | |
402 If you specify a customization in @file{~/.emacs.d/gtkrc}, then it | |
403 automatically applies only to Emacs, since other programs don't read | |
404 that file. For example, the drop down menu in the file dialog can not | |
405 be customized by any absolute widget name, only by an absolute class | |
406 name. This is because the widgets in the drop down menu do not | |
407 have names and the menu is not contained in the Emacs GtkWindow. To | |
408 have all menus in Emacs look the same, use this in | |
409 @file{~/.emacs.d/gtkrc}: | |
410 | |
411 @smallexample | |
412 widget_class "*Menu*" style "my_menu_style" | |
413 @end smallexample | |
414 | |
415 Here is a more elaborate example, showing how to change the parts of | |
416 the scroll bar: | |
417 | |
418 @smallexample | |
419 style "scroll" | |
420 @{ | |
421 fg[NORMAL] = "red"@ @ @ @ @ # @r{The arrow color.} | |
422 bg[NORMAL] = "yellow"@ @ # @r{The thumb and background around the arrow.} | |
423 bg[ACTIVE] = "blue"@ @ @ @ # @r{The trough color.} | |
424 bg[PRELIGHT] = "white"@ # @r{The thumb color when the mouse is over it.} | |
425 @} | |
426 | |
427 widget "*verticalScrollBar*" style "scroll" | |
428 @end smallexample | |
70207 | 429 |
430 @ignore | |
431 arch-tag: e1856f29-2482-42c0-a990-233cdccd1f21 | |
432 @end ignore |