Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/dired.texi @ 60451:04426c0c07aa
(Hash Table Type, Circular Objects): Get rid of "Emacs 21".
author | Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org> |
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date | Sun, 06 Mar 2005 18:21:36 +0000 |
parents | d7a513160c01 |
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rev | line source |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
39287 | 2 @c Copyright (C) 1985,86,87,93,94,95,97,2000,2001 |
28126 | 3 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
5 @node Dired, Calendar/Diary, Rmail, Top | |
6 @chapter Dired, the Directory Editor | |
7 @cindex Dired | |
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8 @cindex file management |
25829 | 9 |
10 Dired makes an Emacs buffer containing a listing of a directory, and | |
11 optionally some of its subdirectories as well. You can use the normal | |
12 Emacs commands to move around in this buffer, and special Dired commands | |
13 to operate on the files listed. | |
14 | |
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15 The Dired buffer is ``read-only,'' and inserting text in it is not |
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16 useful, so ordinary printing characters such as @kbd{d} and @kbd{x} are |
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17 used for special Dired commands. Some Dired commands @dfn{mark} or |
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18 @dfn{flag} the @dfn{current file} (that is, the file on the current |
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19 line); other commands operate on the marked files or on the flagged |
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20 files. |
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21 |
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22 The Dired-X package provides various extra features for Dired mode. |
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23 @xref{Top, Dired-X,,dired-x, Dired Extra Version 2 User's Manual}. |
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24 |
25829 | 25 @menu |
26 * Enter: Dired Enter. How to invoke Dired. | |
38745 | 27 * Navigation: Dired Navigation. Special motion commands in the Dired buffer. |
25829 | 28 * Deletion: Dired Deletion. Deleting files with Dired. |
29 * Flagging Many Files:: Flagging files based on their names. | |
30 * Visit: Dired Visiting. Other file operations through Dired. | |
31 * Marks vs Flags:: Flagging for deletion vs marking. | |
32 * Operating on Files:: How to copy, rename, print, compress, etc. | |
33 either one file or several files. | |
34 * Shell Commands in Dired:: Running a shell command on the marked files. | |
35 * Transforming File Names:: Using patterns to rename multiple files. | |
36 * Comparison in Dired:: Running `diff' by way of Dired. | |
37 * Subdirectories in Dired:: Adding subdirectories to the Dired buffer. | |
38 * Subdirectory Motion:: Moving across subdirectories, and up and down. | |
39 * Hiding Subdirectories:: Making subdirectories visible or invisible. | |
40 * Updating: Dired Updating. Discarding lines for files of no interest. | |
41 * Find: Dired and Find. Using `find' to choose the files for Dired. | |
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42 * Misc: Misc Dired Commands. Various other features. |
25829 | 43 @end menu |
44 | |
45 @node Dired Enter | |
46 @section Entering Dired | |
47 | |
48 @findex dired | |
49 @kindex C-x d | |
50 @vindex dired-listing-switches | |
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51 To invoke Dired, do @kbd{C-x d} or @kbd{M-x dired}. The command |
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52 reads a directory name or wildcard file name pattern as a minibuffer |
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53 argument to specify which files to list. @kbd{C-x C-f} given a |
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54 directory name also invokes Dired. Where @code{dired} differs from |
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55 @code{list-directory} is that it puts the buffer into Dired mode, so |
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56 that the special commands of Dired are available. |
25829 | 57 |
58 The variable @code{dired-listing-switches} specifies the options to | |
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59 give to @code{ls} for listing the directory; this string @emph{must} contain |
25829 | 60 @samp{-l}. If you use a numeric prefix argument with the @code{dired} |
61 command, you can specify the @code{ls} switches with the minibuffer | |
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62 before you enter the directory specification. No matter how they are |
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63 specified, the @code{ls} switches should all be short options (that |
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64 is, single characters) requiring no arguments. |
25829 | 65 |
66 @findex dired-other-window | |
67 @kindex C-x 4 d | |
68 @findex dired-other-frame | |
69 @kindex C-x 5 d | |
70 To display the Dired buffer in another window rather than in the | |
71 selected window, use @kbd{C-x 4 d} (@code{dired-other-window}) instead | |
72 of @kbd{C-x d}. @kbd{C-x 5 d} (@code{dired-other-frame}) uses a | |
73 separate frame to display the Dired buffer. | |
74 | |
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75 @node Dired Navigation |
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76 @section Navigation in the Dired Buffer |
25829 | 77 |
78 @kindex C-n @r{(Dired)} | |
79 @kindex C-p @r{(Dired)} | |
80 All the usual Emacs cursor motion commands are available in Dired | |
81 buffers. Some special-purpose cursor motion commands are also | |
82 provided. The keys @kbd{C-n} and @kbd{C-p} are redefined to put the | |
83 cursor at the beginning of the file name on the line, rather than at the | |
84 beginning of the line. | |
85 | |
86 @kindex SPC @r{(Dired)} | |
87 For extra convenience, @key{SPC} and @kbd{n} in Dired are equivalent | |
88 to @kbd{C-n}. @kbd{p} is equivalent to @kbd{C-p}. (Moving by lines is | |
89 so common in Dired that it deserves to be easy to type.) @key{DEL} | |
90 (move up and unflag) is often useful simply for moving up. | |
91 | |
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92 @findex dired-goto-file |
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93 @kindex M-g @r{(Dired)} |
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94 @kbd{M-g} (@code{dired-goto-file}) moves point to the line that |
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95 describes a specified file or directory. |
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96 |
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97 Some additional navigation commands are available when the Dired |
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98 buffer includes several directories. @xref{Subdirectory Motion}. |
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99 |
25829 | 100 @node Dired Deletion |
101 @section Deleting Files with Dired | |
102 @cindex flagging files (in Dired) | |
103 @cindex deleting files (in Dired) | |
104 | |
38745 | 105 One of the most frequent uses of Dired is to first @dfn{flag} files for |
106 deletion, then delete the files that were flagged. | |
25829 | 107 |
108 @table @kbd | |
109 @item d | |
110 Flag this file for deletion. | |
111 @item u | |
112 Remove deletion flag on this line. | |
113 @item @key{DEL} | |
114 Move point to previous line and remove the deletion flag on that line. | |
115 @item x | |
116 Delete the files that are flagged for deletion. | |
117 @end table | |
118 | |
119 @kindex d @r{(Dired)} | |
120 @findex dired-flag-file-deletion | |
121 You can flag a file for deletion by moving to the line describing the | |
122 file and typing @kbd{d} (@code{dired-flag-file-deletion}). The deletion flag is visible as a @samp{D} at | |
123 the beginning of the line. This command moves point to the next line, | |
124 so that repeated @kbd{d} commands flag successive files. A numeric | |
125 argument serves as a repeat count. | |
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126 |
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127 @cindex recursive deletion |
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128 @vindex dired-recursive-deletes |
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129 The variable @code{dired-recursive-deletes} controls whether the |
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130 delete command will delete non-empty directories (including their |
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131 contents). The default is to delete only empty directories. |
25829 | 132 |
133 @kindex u @r{(Dired deletion)} | |
134 @kindex DEL @r{(Dired)} | |
135 The files are flagged for deletion rather than deleted immediately to | |
136 reduce the danger of deleting a file accidentally. Until you direct | |
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137 Dired to delete the flagged files, you can remove deletion flags using |
25829 | 138 the commands @kbd{u} and @key{DEL}. @kbd{u} (@code{dired-unmark}) works |
139 just like @kbd{d}, but removes flags rather than making flags. | |
140 @key{DEL} (@code{dired-unmark-backward}) moves upward, removing flags; | |
141 it is like @kbd{u} with argument @minus{}1. | |
142 | |
143 @kindex x @r{(Dired)} | |
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144 @findex dired-do-flagged-delete |
25829 | 145 @cindex expunging (Dired) |
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146 To delete the flagged files, type @kbd{x} (@code{dired-do-flagged-delete}). |
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147 (This is also known as @dfn{expunging}.) |
25829 | 148 This command first displays a list of all the file names flagged for |
149 deletion, and requests confirmation with @kbd{yes}. If you confirm, | |
150 Dired deletes the flagged files, then deletes their lines from the text | |
151 of the Dired buffer. The shortened Dired buffer remains selected. | |
152 | |
153 If you answer @kbd{no} or quit with @kbd{C-g} when asked to confirm, you | |
154 return immediately to Dired, with the deletion flags still present in | |
155 the buffer, and no files actually deleted. | |
156 | |
157 @node Flagging Many Files | |
158 @section Flagging Many Files at Once | |
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159 @cindex flagging many files for deletion (in Dired) |
25829 | 160 |
161 @table @kbd | |
162 @item # | |
163 Flag all auto-save files (files whose names start and end with @samp{#}) | |
164 for deletion (@pxref{Auto Save}). | |
165 | |
166 @item ~ | |
167 Flag all backup files (files whose names end with @samp{~}) for deletion | |
168 (@pxref{Backup}). | |
169 | |
170 @item & | |
171 Flag for deletion all files with certain kinds of names, names that | |
172 suggest you could easily create the files again. | |
173 | |
174 @item .@: @r{(Period)} | |
175 Flag excess numeric backup files for deletion. The oldest and newest | |
176 few backup files of any one file are exempt; the middle ones are | |
177 flagged. | |
178 | |
179 @item % d @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
180 Flag for deletion all files whose names match the regular expression | |
181 @var{regexp}. | |
182 @end table | |
183 | |
184 The @kbd{#}, @kbd{~}, @kbd{&}, and @kbd{.} commands flag many files for | |
185 deletion, based on their file names. These commands are useful | |
186 precisely because they do not themselves delete any files; you can | |
187 remove the deletion flags from any flagged files that you really wish to | |
188 keep.@refill | |
189 | |
190 @kindex & @r{(Dired)} | |
191 @findex dired-flag-garbage-files | |
192 @vindex dired-garbage-files-regexp | |
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193 @cindex deleting some backup files |
25829 | 194 @kbd{&} (@code{dired-flag-garbage-files}) flags files whose names |
195 match the regular expression specified by the variable | |
196 @code{dired-garbage-files-regexp}. By default, this matches certain | |
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197 files produced by @TeX{}, @samp{.bak} files, and the @samp{.orig} and |
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198 @samp{.rej} files produced by @code{patch}. |
25829 | 199 |
200 @kindex # @r{(Dired)} | |
201 @findex dired-flag-auto-save-files | |
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202 @cindex deleting auto-save files |
25829 | 203 @kbd{#} (@code{dired-flag-auto-save-files}) flags for deletion all |
204 files whose names look like auto-save files (@pxref{Auto Save})---that | |
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205 is, files whose names begin and end with @samp{#}. |
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206 |
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207 @kindex ~ @r{(Dired)} |
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208 @findex dired-flag-backup-files |
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209 @kbd{~} (@code{dired-flag-backup-files}) flags for deletion all files |
38745 | 210 whose names say they are backup files (@pxref{Backup})---that is, files |
211 whose names end in @samp{~}. | |
25829 | 212 |
213 @kindex . @r{(Dired)} | |
214 @vindex dired-kept-versions | |
215 @findex dired-clean-directory | |
216 @kbd{.} (period, @code{dired-clean-directory}) flags just some of the | |
217 backup files for deletion: all but the oldest few and newest few backups | |
218 of any one file. Normally @code{dired-kept-versions} (@strong{not} | |
219 @code{kept-new-versions}; that applies only when saving) specifies the | |
220 number of newest versions of each file to keep, and | |
221 @code{kept-old-versions} specifies the number of oldest versions to | |
222 keep. | |
223 | |
224 Period with a positive numeric argument, as in @kbd{C-u 3 .}, | |
225 specifies the number of newest versions to keep, overriding | |
226 @code{dired-kept-versions}. A negative numeric argument overrides | |
227 @code{kept-old-versions}, using minus the value of the argument to | |
228 specify the number of oldest versions of each file to keep. | |
229 | |
230 @findex dired-flag-files-regexp | |
231 @kindex % d @r{(Dired)} | |
232 The @kbd{% d} command flags all files whose names match a specified | |
233 regular expression (@code{dired-flag-files-regexp}). Only the | |
234 non-directory part of the file name is used in matching. You can use | |
235 @samp{^} and @samp{$} to anchor matches. You can exclude subdirectories | |
236 by hiding them (@pxref{Hiding Subdirectories}). | |
237 | |
238 @node Dired Visiting | |
239 @section Visiting Files in Dired | |
240 | |
241 There are several Dired commands for visiting or examining the files | |
242 listed in the Dired buffer. All of them apply to the current line's | |
243 file; if that file is really a directory, these commands invoke Dired on | |
244 that subdirectory (making a separate Dired buffer). | |
245 | |
246 @table @kbd | |
247 @item f | |
248 @kindex f @r{(Dired)} | |
249 @findex dired-find-file | |
250 Visit the file described on the current line, like typing @kbd{C-x C-f} | |
251 and supplying that file name (@code{dired-find-file}). @xref{Visiting}. | |
252 | |
253 @item @key{RET} | |
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254 @itemx e |
25829 | 255 @kindex RET @r{(Dired)} |
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256 @kindex e @r{(Dired)} |
25829 | 257 Equivalent to @kbd{f}. |
258 | |
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259 @ignore @c This command seems too risky to document at all. |
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260 @item a |
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261 @kindex a @r{(Dired)} |
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262 @findex dired-find-alternate-file |
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263 Like @kbd{f}, but replaces the contents of the Dired buffer with |
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264 that of an alternate file or directory (@code{dired-find-alternate-file}). |
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265 @end ignore |
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266 |
25829 | 267 @item o |
268 @kindex o @r{(Dired)} | |
269 @findex dired-find-file-other-window | |
270 Like @kbd{f}, but uses another window to display the file's buffer | |
271 (@code{dired-find-file-other-window}). The Dired buffer remains visible | |
272 in the first window. This is like using @kbd{C-x 4 C-f} to visit the | |
273 file. @xref{Windows}. | |
274 | |
275 @item C-o | |
276 @kindex C-o @r{(Dired)} | |
277 @findex dired-display-file | |
278 Visit the file described on the current line, and display the buffer in | |
279 another window, but do not select that window (@code{dired-display-file}). | |
280 | |
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281 @item Mouse-1 |
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282 @itemx Mouse-2 |
25829 | 283 @findex dired-mouse-find-file-other-window |
284 Visit the file named by the line you click on | |
285 (@code{dired-mouse-find-file-other-window}). This uses another window | |
286 to display the file, like the @kbd{o} command. | |
287 | |
288 @item v | |
289 @kindex v @r{(Dired)} | |
290 @findex dired-view-file | |
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291 View the file described on the current line, using either an external |
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292 viewing program or @kbd{M-x view-file} (@code{dired-view-file}). |
25829 | 293 |
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294 @vindex dired-view-command-alist |
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295 External viewers are used for certain file types under the control of |
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296 @code{dired-view-command-alist}. Viewing a file with @code{view-file} |
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297 is like visiting it, but is slanted toward moving around in the file |
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298 conveniently and does not allow changing the file. @xref{Misc File |
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299 Ops,View File, Miscellaneous File Operations}. |
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300 |
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301 @item ^ |
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302 @kindex ^ @r{(Dired)} |
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303 @findex dired-up-directory |
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304 Visit the parent directory of the current directory |
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305 (@code{dired-up-directory}). This is more convenient than moving to |
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306 the parent directory's line and typing @kbd{f} there. |
25829 | 307 @end table |
308 | |
309 @node Marks vs Flags | |
310 @section Dired Marks vs. Flags | |
311 | |
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312 @cindex marking many files (in Dired) |
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313 Instead of flagging a file with @samp{D}, you can @dfn{mark} the |
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314 file with some other character (usually @samp{*}). Most Dired |
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315 commands to operate on files use the files marked with @samp{*}, the |
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316 exception being @kbd{x} which deletes the flagged files. |
25829 | 317 |
318 Here are some commands for marking with @samp{*}, or for unmarking or | |
319 operating on marks. (@xref{Dired Deletion}, for commands to flag and | |
320 unflag files.) | |
321 | |
322 @table @kbd | |
323 @item m | |
324 @itemx * m | |
325 @kindex m @r{(Dired)} | |
326 @kindex * m @r{(Dired)} | |
327 @findex dired-mark | |
328 Mark the current file with @samp{*} (@code{dired-mark}). With a numeric | |
329 argument @var{n}, mark the next @var{n} files starting with the current | |
330 file. (If @var{n} is negative, mark the previous @minus{}@var{n} | |
331 files.) | |
332 | |
333 @item * * | |
334 @kindex * * @r{(Dired)} | |
335 @findex dired-mark-executables | |
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336 @cindex marking executable files (in Dired) |
25829 | 337 Mark all executable files with @samp{*} |
338 (@code{dired-mark-executables}). With a numeric argument, unmark all | |
339 those files. | |
340 | |
341 @item * @@ | |
342 @kindex * @@ @r{(Dired)} | |
343 @findex dired-mark-symlinks | |
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344 @cindex marking symbolic links (in Dired) |
25829 | 345 Mark all symbolic links with @samp{*} (@code{dired-mark-symlinks}). |
346 With a numeric argument, unmark all those files. | |
347 | |
348 @item * / | |
349 @kindex * / @r{(Dired)} | |
350 @findex dired-mark-directories | |
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351 @cindex marking subdirectories (in Dired) |
25829 | 352 Mark with @samp{*} all files which are actually directories, except for |
353 @file{.} and @file{..} (@code{dired-mark-directories}). With a numeric | |
354 argument, unmark all those files. | |
355 | |
356 @item * s | |
357 @kindex * s @r{(Dired)} | |
358 @findex dired-mark-subdir-files | |
359 Mark all the files in the current subdirectory, aside from @file{.} | |
360 and @file{..} (@code{dired-mark-subdir-files}). | |
361 | |
362 @item u | |
363 @itemx * u | |
364 @kindex u @r{(Dired)} | |
365 @kindex * u @r{(Dired)} | |
366 @findex dired-unmark | |
367 Remove any mark on this line (@code{dired-unmark}). | |
368 | |
369 @item @key{DEL} | |
370 @itemx * @key{DEL} | |
371 @kindex * DEL @r{(Dired)} | |
372 @findex dired-unmark-backward | |
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373 @cindex unmarking files (in Dired) |
25829 | 374 Move point to previous line and remove any mark on that line |
375 (@code{dired-unmark-backward}). | |
376 | |
377 @item * ! | |
378 @kindex * ! @r{(Dired)} | |
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379 @findex dired-unmark-all-marks |
25829 | 380 Remove all marks from all the files in this Dired buffer |
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381 (@code{dired-unmark-all-marks}). |
25829 | 382 |
383 @item * ? @var{markchar} | |
384 @kindex * ? @r{(Dired)} | |
385 @findex dired-unmark-all-files | |
386 Remove all marks that use the character @var{markchar} | |
387 (@code{dired-unmark-all-files}). The argument is a single | |
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388 character---do not use @key{RET} to terminate it. See the description |
36507 | 389 of the @kbd{* c} command below, which lets you replace one mark |
390 character with another. | |
25829 | 391 |
392 With a numeric argument, this command queries about each marked file, | |
393 asking whether to remove its mark. You can answer @kbd{y} meaning yes, | |
394 @kbd{n} meaning no, or @kbd{!} to remove the marks from the remaining | |
395 files without asking about them. | |
396 | |
397 @item * C-n | |
398 @findex dired-next-marked-file | |
399 @kindex * C-n @r{(Dired)} | |
400 Move down to the next marked file (@code{dired-next-marked-file}) | |
401 A file is ``marked'' if it has any kind of mark. | |
402 | |
403 @item * C-p | |
404 @findex dired-prev-marked-file | |
405 @kindex * C-p @r{(Dired)} | |
406 Move up to the previous marked file (@code{dired-prev-marked-file}) | |
407 | |
408 @item * t | |
409 @kindex * t @r{(Dired)} | |
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410 @findex dired-toggle-marks |
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411 @cindex toggling marks (in Dired) |
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412 Toggle all marks (@code{dired-toggle-marks}): files marked with @samp{*} |
25829 | 413 become unmarked, and unmarked files are marked with @samp{*}. Files |
414 marked in any other way are not affected. | |
415 | |
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416 @item * c @var{old-markchar} @var{new-markchar} |
25829 | 417 @kindex * c @r{(Dired)} |
418 @findex dired-change-marks | |
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419 Replace all marks that use the character @var{old-markchar} with marks |
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420 that use the character @var{new-markchar} (@code{dired-change-marks}). |
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421 This command is the primary way to create or use marks other than |
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422 @samp{*} or @samp{D}. The arguments are single characters---do not use |
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423 @key{RET} to terminate them. |
25829 | 424 |
425 You can use almost any character as a mark character by means of this | |
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426 command, to distinguish various classes of files. If @var{old-markchar} |
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427 is a space (@samp{ }), then the command operates on all unmarked files; |
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428 if @var{new-markchar} is a space, then the command unmarks the files it |
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429 acts on. |
25829 | 430 |
431 To illustrate the power of this command, here is how to put @samp{D} | |
432 flags on all the files that have no marks, while unflagging all those | |
433 that already have @samp{D} flags: | |
434 | |
435 @example | |
436 * c D t * c SPC D * c t SPC | |
437 @end example | |
438 | |
36507 | 439 This assumes that no files were already marked with @samp{t}. |
25829 | 440 |
441 @item % m @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
442 @itemx * % @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
443 @findex dired-mark-files-regexp | |
444 @kindex % m @r{(Dired)} | |
445 @kindex * % @r{(Dired)} | |
446 Mark (with @samp{*}) all files whose names match the regular expression | |
447 @var{regexp} (@code{dired-mark-files-regexp}). This command is like | |
448 @kbd{% d}, except that it marks files with @samp{*} instead of flagging | |
449 with @samp{D}. @xref{Flagging Many Files}. | |
450 | |
451 Only the non-directory part of the file name is used in matching. Use | |
452 @samp{^} and @samp{$} to anchor matches. Exclude subdirectories by | |
453 hiding them (@pxref{Hiding Subdirectories}). | |
454 | |
455 @item % g @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
456 @findex dired-mark-files-containing-regexp | |
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457 @kindex % g @r{(Dired)} |
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458 @cindex finding files containing regexp matches (in Dired) |
25829 | 459 Mark (with @samp{*}) all files whose @emph{contents} contain a match for |
460 the regular expression @var{regexp} | |
461 (@code{dired-mark-files-containing-regexp}). This command is like | |
462 @kbd{% m}, except that it searches the file contents instead of the file | |
463 name. | |
464 | |
465 @item C-_ | |
466 @kindex C-_ @r{(Dired)} | |
467 @findex dired-undo | |
468 Undo changes in the Dired buffer, such as adding or removing | |
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469 marks (@code{dired-undo}). @emph{This command does not revert the |
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470 actual file operations, nor recover lost files!} It just undoes |
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471 changes in the buffer itself. For example, if used after renaming one |
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472 or more files, @code{dired-undo} restores the original names, which |
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473 will get the Dired buffer out of sync with the actual contents of the |
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474 directory. |
25829 | 475 @end table |
476 | |
477 @node Operating on Files | |
478 @section Operating on Files | |
479 @cindex operating on files in Dired | |
480 | |
481 This section describes the basic Dired commands to operate on one file | |
482 or several files. All of these commands are capital letters; all of | |
483 them use the minibuffer, either to read an argument or to ask for | |
484 confirmation, before they act. All of them give you several ways to | |
485 specify which files to manipulate: | |
486 | |
487 @itemize @bullet | |
488 @item | |
489 If you give the command a numeric prefix argument @var{n}, it operates | |
490 on the next @var{n} files, starting with the current file. (If @var{n} | |
491 is negative, the command operates on the @minus{}@var{n} files preceding | |
492 the current line.) | |
493 | |
494 @item | |
495 Otherwise, if some files are marked with @samp{*}, the command operates | |
496 on all those files. | |
497 | |
498 @item | |
499 Otherwise, the command operates on the current file only. | |
500 @end itemize | |
501 | |
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502 @vindex dired-dwim-target |
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503 @cindex two directories (in Dired) |
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504 Commands which ask for a destination directory, such as those which |
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505 copy and rename files or create links for them, try to guess the default |
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506 target directory for the operation. Normally, they suggest the Dired |
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507 buffer's default directory, but if the variable @code{dired-dwim-target} |
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508 is non-@code{nil}, and if there is another Dired buffer displayed in the |
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509 next window, that other buffer's directory is suggested instead. |
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510 |
25829 | 511 Here are the file-manipulating commands that operate on files in this |
512 way. (Some other Dired commands, such as @kbd{!} and the @samp{%} | |
513 commands, also use these conventions to decide which files to work on.) | |
514 | |
515 @table @kbd | |
516 @findex dired-do-copy | |
517 @kindex C @r{(Dired)} | |
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518 @cindex copying files (in Dired) |
25829 | 519 @item C @var{new} @key{RET} |
520 Copy the specified files (@code{dired-do-copy}). The argument @var{new} | |
521 is the directory to copy into, or (if copying a single file) the new | |
522 name. | |
523 | |
524 @vindex dired-copy-preserve-time | |
525 If @code{dired-copy-preserve-time} is non-@code{nil}, then copying with | |
526 this command sets the modification time of the new file to be the same | |
527 as that of the old file. | |
528 | |
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529 @vindex dired-recursive-copies |
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530 @cindex recursive copying |
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531 The variable @code{dired-recursive-copies} controls whether |
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532 directories are copied recursively. The default is to not copy |
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533 recursively, which means that directories cannot be copied. |
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534 |
25829 | 535 @item D |
536 @findex dired-do-delete | |
537 @kindex D @r{(Dired)} | |
538 Delete the specified files (@code{dired-do-delete}). Like the other | |
539 commands in this section, this command operates on the @emph{marked} | |
540 files, or the next @var{n} files. By contrast, @kbd{x} | |
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541 (@code{dired-do-flagged-delete}) deletes all @dfn{flagged} files. |
25829 | 542 |
543 @findex dired-do-rename | |
544 @kindex R @r{(Dired)} | |
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545 @cindex renaming files (in Dired) |
25829 | 546 @item R @var{new} @key{RET} |
547 Rename the specified files (@code{dired-do-rename}). The argument | |
548 @var{new} is the directory to rename into, or (if renaming a single | |
549 file) the new name. | |
550 | |
551 Dired automatically changes the visited file name of buffers associated | |
552 with renamed files so that they refer to the new names. | |
553 | |
554 @findex dired-do-hardlink | |
555 @kindex H @r{(Dired)} | |
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556 @cindex hard links (in Dired) |
25829 | 557 @item H @var{new} @key{RET} |
558 Make hard links to the specified files (@code{dired-do-hardlink}). The | |
559 argument @var{new} is the directory to make the links in, or (if making | |
560 just one link) the name to give the link. | |
561 | |
562 @findex dired-do-symlink | |
563 @kindex S @r{(Dired)} | |
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564 @cindex symbolic links (creation in Dired) |
25829 | 565 @item S @var{new} @key{RET} |
566 Make symbolic links to the specified files (@code{dired-do-symlink}). | |
567 The argument @var{new} is the directory to make the links in, or (if | |
568 making just one link) the name to give the link. | |
569 | |
570 @findex dired-do-chmod | |
571 @kindex M @r{(Dired)} | |
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572 @cindex changing file permissions (in Dired) |
25829 | 573 @item M @var{modespec} @key{RET} |
574 Change the mode (also called ``permission bits'') of the specified files | |
575 (@code{dired-do-chmod}). This uses the @code{chmod} program, so | |
576 @var{modespec} can be any argument that @code{chmod} can handle. | |
577 | |
578 @findex dired-do-chgrp | |
579 @kindex G @r{(Dired)} | |
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580 @cindex changing file group (in Dired) |
25829 | 581 @item G @var{newgroup} @key{RET} |
582 Change the group of the specified files to @var{newgroup} | |
583 (@code{dired-do-chgrp}). | |
584 | |
585 @findex dired-do-chown | |
586 @kindex O @r{(Dired)} | |
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587 @cindex changing file owner (in Dired) |
25829 | 588 @item O @var{newowner} @key{RET} |
589 Change the owner of the specified files to @var{newowner} | |
590 (@code{dired-do-chown}). (On most systems, only the superuser can do | |
591 this.) | |
592 | |
593 @vindex dired-chown-program | |
594 The variable @code{dired-chown-program} specifies the name of the | |
595 program to use to do the work (different systems put @code{chown} in | |
596 different places). | |
597 | |
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598 @findex dired-do-touch |
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599 @kindex T @r{(Dired)} |
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600 @cindex changing file time (in Dired) |
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601 @item T @var{timestamp} @key{RET} |
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602 Change the time of the specified files (@code{dired-do-touch}). |
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603 |
25829 | 604 @findex dired-do-print |
605 @kindex P @r{(Dired)} | |
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606 @cindex printing files (in Dired) |
25829 | 607 @item P @var{command} @key{RET} |
608 Print the specified files (@code{dired-do-print}). You must specify the | |
609 command to print them with, but the minibuffer starts out with a | |
610 suitable guess made using the variables @code{lpr-command} and | |
611 @code{lpr-switches} (the same variables that @code{lpr-buffer} uses; | |
612 @pxref{Hardcopy}). | |
613 | |
614 @findex dired-do-compress | |
615 @kindex Z @r{(Dired)} | |
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616 @cindex compressing files (in Dired) |
25829 | 617 @item Z |
618 Compress the specified files (@code{dired-do-compress}). If the file | |
619 appears to be a compressed file already, it is uncompressed instead. | |
620 | |
621 @findex dired-do-load | |
622 @kindex L @r{(Dired)} | |
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623 @cindex loading several files (in Dired) |
25829 | 624 @item L |
625 Load the specified Emacs Lisp files (@code{dired-do-load}). | |
626 @xref{Lisp Libraries}. | |
627 | |
628 @findex dired-do-byte-compile | |
629 @kindex B @r{(Dired)} | |
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630 @cindex byte-compiling several files (in Dired) |
25829 | 631 @item B |
632 Byte compile the specified Emacs Lisp files | |
633 (@code{dired-do-byte-compile}). @xref{Byte Compilation,, Byte | |
634 Compilation, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}. | |
635 | |
636 @kindex A @r{(Dired)} | |
637 @findex dired-do-search | |
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638 @cindex search multiple files (in Dired) |
25829 | 639 @item A @var{regexp} @key{RET} |
640 Search all the specified files for the regular expression @var{regexp} | |
641 (@code{dired-do-search}). | |
642 | |
643 This command is a variant of @code{tags-search}. The search stops at | |
644 the first match it finds; use @kbd{M-,} to resume the search and find | |
645 the next match. @xref{Tags Search}. | |
646 | |
647 @kindex Q @r{(Dired)} | |
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648 @findex dired-do-query-replace-regexp |
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649 @cindex search and replace in multiple files (in Dired) |
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650 @item Q @var{regexp} @key{RET} @var{to} @key{RET} |
25829 | 651 Perform @code{query-replace-regexp} on each of the specified files, |
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652 replacing matches for @var{regexp} with the string |
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653 @var{to} (@code{dired-do-query-replace-regexp}). |
25829 | 654 |
655 This command is a variant of @code{tags-query-replace}. If you exit the | |
656 query replace loop, you can use @kbd{M-,} to resume the scan and replace | |
657 more matches. @xref{Tags Search}. | |
658 @end table | |
659 | |
660 @kindex + @r{(Dired)} | |
661 @findex dired-create-directory | |
662 One special file-operation command is @kbd{+} | |
663 (@code{dired-create-directory}). This command reads a directory name and | |
664 creates the directory if it does not already exist. | |
665 | |
666 @node Shell Commands in Dired | |
667 @section Shell Commands in Dired | |
668 @cindex shell commands, Dired | |
669 | |
670 @findex dired-do-shell-command | |
671 @kindex ! @r{(Dired)} | |
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672 @kindex X @r{(Dired)} |
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673 The Dired command @kbd{!} (@code{dired-do-shell-command}) reads a shell |
25829 | 674 command string in the minibuffer and runs that shell command on all the |
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675 specified files. @kbd{X} is a synonym for @kbd{!}. You can specify the |
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676 files to operate on in the usual ways for Dired commands |
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677 (@pxref{Operating on Files}). There are two ways of applying a shell |
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678 command to multiple files: |
25829 | 679 |
680 @itemize @bullet | |
681 @item | |
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682 If you use @samp{*} surrounded by whitespace in the shell command, |
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683 then the command runs just once, with the list of file names |
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684 substituted for the @samp{*}. The order of file names is the order of |
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685 appearance in the Dired buffer. |
25829 | 686 |
687 Thus, @kbd{! tar cf foo.tar * @key{RET}} runs @code{tar} on the entire | |
688 list of file names, putting them into one tar file @file{foo.tar}. | |
689 | |
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690 If you want to use @samp{*} as a shell wildcard with whitespace around |
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691 it, write @samp{*""}. In the shell, this is equivalent to @samp{*}; |
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692 but since the @samp{*} is not surrounded by whitespace, Dired does |
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693 not treat it specially. |
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694 |
25829 | 695 @item |
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696 If the command string doesn't contain @samp{*} surrounded by |
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697 whitespace, then it runs once @emph{for each file}. Normally the file |
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698 name is added at the end. |
25829 | 699 |
700 For example, @kbd{! uudecode @key{RET}} runs @code{uudecode} on each | |
701 file. | |
702 | |
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703 @item |
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704 However, if the command string contains @samp{?} surrounded by |
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705 whitespace, the current file name is substituted for @samp{?} (rather |
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706 than added at the end). You can use @samp{?} this way more than once |
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707 in the command, and the same file name replaces each occurrence. |
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708 @end itemize |
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709 |
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710 To iterate over the file names in a more complicated fashion, use an |
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711 explicit shell loop. For example, here is how to uuencode each file, |
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712 making the output file name by appending @samp{.uu} to the input file |
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713 name: |
25829 | 714 |
715 @example | |
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716 for file in * ; do uuencode "$file" "$file" >"$file".uu; done |
25829 | 717 @end example |
718 | |
719 The working directory for the shell command is the top-level directory | |
720 of the Dired buffer. | |
721 | |
722 The @kbd{!} command does not attempt to update the Dired buffer to show | |
723 new or modified files, because it doesn't really understand shell | |
724 commands, and does not know what files the shell command changed. Use | |
725 the @kbd{g} command to update the Dired buffer (@pxref{Dired | |
726 Updating}). | |
727 | |
728 @node Transforming File Names | |
729 @section Transforming File Names in Dired | |
730 | |
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731 This section describes Dired commands which alter file names in a |
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732 systematic way. |
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733 |
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734 Like the basic Dired file-manipulation commands (@pxref{Operating on |
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735 Files}), the commands described here operate either on the next |
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736 @var{n} files, or on all files marked with @samp{*}, or on the current |
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737 file. (To mark files, use the commands described in @ref{Marks vs |
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738 Flags}.) |
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739 |
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740 All of the commands described in this section work |
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741 @emph{interactively}: they ask you to confirm the operation for each |
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742 candidate file. Thus, you can select more files than you actually |
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743 need to operate on (e.g., with a regexp that matches many files), and |
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744 then refine the selection by typing @kbd{y} or @kbd{n} when the |
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745 command prompts for confirmation. |
25829 | 746 |
747 @table @kbd | |
748 @findex dired-upcase | |
749 @kindex % u @r{(Dired)} | |
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750 @cindex upcase file names |
25829 | 751 @item % u |
752 Rename each of the selected files to an upper-case name | |
753 (@code{dired-upcase}). If the old file names are @file{Foo} | |
754 and @file{bar}, the new names are @file{FOO} and @file{BAR}. | |
755 | |
756 @item % l | |
757 @findex dired-downcase | |
758 @kindex % l @r{(Dired)} | |
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759 @cindex downcase file names |
25829 | 760 Rename each of the selected files to a lower-case name |
761 (@code{dired-downcase}). If the old file names are @file{Foo} and | |
762 @file{bar}, the new names are @file{foo} and @file{bar}. | |
763 | |
764 @item % R @var{from} @key{RET} @var{to} @key{RET} | |
765 @kindex % R @r{(Dired)} | |
766 @findex dired-do-rename-regexp | |
767 @itemx % C @var{from} @key{RET} @var{to} @key{RET} | |
768 @kindex % C @r{(Dired)} | |
769 @findex dired-do-copy-regexp | |
770 @itemx % H @var{from} @key{RET} @var{to} @key{RET} | |
771 @kindex % H @r{(Dired)} | |
772 @findex dired-do-hardlink-regexp | |
773 @itemx % S @var{from} @key{RET} @var{to} @key{RET} | |
774 @kindex % S @r{(Dired)} | |
775 @findex dired-do-symlink-regexp | |
776 These four commands rename, copy, make hard links and make soft links, | |
777 in each case computing the new name by regular-expression substitution | |
778 from the name of the old file. | |
779 @end table | |
780 | |
781 The four regular-expression substitution commands effectively perform | |
782 a search-and-replace on the selected file names in the Dired buffer. | |
783 They read two arguments: a regular expression @var{from}, and a | |
784 substitution pattern @var{to}. | |
785 | |
786 The commands match each ``old'' file name against the regular | |
787 expression @var{from}, and then replace the matching part with @var{to}. | |
788 You can use @samp{\&} and @samp{\@var{digit}} in @var{to} to refer to | |
789 all or part of what the pattern matched in the old file name, as in | |
790 @code{replace-regexp} (@pxref{Regexp Replace}). If the regular expression | |
791 matches more than once in a file name, only the first match is replaced. | |
792 | |
793 For example, @kbd{% R ^.*$ @key{RET} x-\& @key{RET}} renames each | |
794 selected file by prepending @samp{x-} to its name. The inverse of this, | |
795 removing @samp{x-} from the front of each file name, is also possible: | |
796 one method is @kbd{% R ^x-\(.*\)$ @key{RET} \1 @key{RET}}; another is | |
797 @kbd{% R ^x- @key{RET} @key{RET}}. (Use @samp{^} and @samp{$} to anchor | |
798 matches that should span the whole filename.) | |
799 | |
800 Normally, the replacement process does not consider the files' | |
801 directory names; it operates on the file name within the directory. If | |
802 you specify a numeric argument of zero, then replacement affects the | |
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803 entire absolute file name including directory name. (Non-zero |
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804 argument specifies the number of files to operate on.) |
25829 | 805 |
806 Often you will want to select the set of files to operate on using the | |
807 same @var{regexp} that you will use to operate on them. To do this, | |
808 mark those files with @kbd{% m @var{regexp} @key{RET}}, then use the | |
809 same regular expression in the command to operate on the files. To make | |
810 this easier, the @kbd{%} commands to operate on files use the last | |
811 regular expression specified in any @kbd{%} command as a default. | |
812 | |
813 @node Comparison in Dired | |
814 @section File Comparison with Dired | |
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815 @cindex file comparison (in Dired) |
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816 @cindex compare files (in Dired) |
25829 | 817 |
818 Here are two Dired commands that compare specified files using | |
819 @code{diff}. | |
820 | |
821 @table @kbd | |
822 @item = | |
823 @findex dired-diff | |
824 @kindex = @r{(Dired)} | |
825 Compare the current file (the file at point) with another file (the file | |
826 at the mark) using the @code{diff} program (@code{dired-diff}). The | |
827 file at the mark is the first argument of @code{diff}, and the file at | |
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828 point is the second argument. Use @kbd{C-@key{SPC}} |
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829 (@code{set-mark-command}) to set the mark at the first file's line |
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830 (@pxref{Setting Mark}), since @code{dired-diff} ignores the files marked |
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831 with the Dired's @kbd{m} command. |
25829 | 832 |
833 @findex dired-backup-diff | |
834 @kindex M-= @r{(Dired)} | |
835 @item M-= | |
836 Compare the current file with its latest backup file | |
837 (@code{dired-backup-diff}). If the current file is itself a backup, | |
838 compare it with the file it is a backup of; this way, you can compare | |
839 a file with any backup version of your choice. | |
840 | |
841 The backup file is the first file given to @code{diff}. | |
842 @end table | |
843 | |
844 @node Subdirectories in Dired | |
845 @section Subdirectories in Dired | |
846 @cindex subdirectories in Dired | |
847 @cindex expanding subdirectories in Dired | |
848 | |
849 A Dired buffer displays just one directory in the normal case; | |
850 but you can optionally include its subdirectories as well. | |
851 | |
852 The simplest way to include multiple directories in one Dired buffer is | |
853 to specify the options @samp{-lR} for running @code{ls}. (If you give a | |
854 numeric argument when you run Dired, then you can specify these options | |
855 in the minibuffer.) That produces a recursive directory listing showing | |
856 all subdirectories at all levels. | |
857 | |
858 But usually all the subdirectories are too many; usually you will | |
859 prefer to include specific subdirectories only. You can do this with | |
860 the @kbd{i} command: | |
861 | |
862 @table @kbd | |
863 @findex dired-maybe-insert-subdir | |
864 @kindex i @r{(Dired)} | |
865 @item i | |
866 @cindex inserted subdirectory (Dired) | |
867 @cindex in-situ subdirectory (Dired) | |
868 Insert the contents of a subdirectory later in the buffer. | |
869 @end table | |
870 | |
871 Use the @kbd{i} (@code{dired-maybe-insert-subdir}) command on a line | |
872 that describes a file which is a directory. It inserts the contents of | |
873 that directory into the same Dired buffer, and moves there. Inserted | |
874 subdirectory contents follow the top-level directory of the Dired | |
875 buffer, just as they do in @samp{ls -lR} output. | |
876 | |
877 If the subdirectory's contents are already present in the buffer, the | |
878 @kbd{i} command just moves to it. | |
879 | |
880 In either case, @kbd{i} sets the Emacs mark before moving, so @kbd{C-u | |
881 C-@key{SPC}} takes you back to the old position in the buffer (the line | |
882 describing that subdirectory). | |
883 | |
884 Use the @kbd{l} command (@code{dired-do-redisplay}) to update the | |
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885 subdirectory's contents. Use @kbd{C-u k} on the subdirectory header |
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886 line to delete the subdirectory. @xref{Dired Updating}. |
25829 | 887 |
888 @node Subdirectory Motion | |
889 @section Moving Over Subdirectories | |
890 | |
891 When a Dired buffer lists subdirectories, you can use the page motion | |
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892 commands @kbd{C-x [} and @kbd{C-x ]} to move by entire directories |
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893 (@pxref{Pages}). |
25829 | 894 |
895 @cindex header line (Dired) | |
896 @cindex directory header lines | |
897 The following commands move across, up and down in the tree of | |
898 directories within one Dired buffer. They move to @dfn{directory header | |
899 lines}, which are the lines that give a directory's name, at the | |
900 beginning of the directory's contents. | |
901 | |
902 @table @kbd | |
903 @findex dired-next-subdir | |
904 @kindex C-M-n @r{(Dired)} | |
905 @item C-M-n | |
906 Go to next subdirectory header line, regardless of level | |
907 (@code{dired-next-subdir}). | |
908 | |
909 @findex dired-prev-subdir | |
910 @kindex C-M-p @r{(Dired)} | |
911 @item C-M-p | |
912 Go to previous subdirectory header line, regardless of level | |
913 (@code{dired-prev-subdir}). | |
914 | |
915 @findex dired-tree-up | |
916 @kindex C-M-u @r{(Dired)} | |
917 @item C-M-u | |
918 Go up to the parent directory's header line (@code{dired-tree-up}). | |
919 | |
920 @findex dired-tree-down | |
921 @kindex C-M-d @r{(Dired)} | |
922 @item C-M-d | |
923 Go down in the directory tree, to the first subdirectory's header line | |
924 (@code{dired-tree-down}). | |
925 | |
926 @findex dired-prev-dirline | |
927 @kindex < @r{(Dired)} | |
928 @item < | |
929 Move up to the previous directory-file line (@code{dired-prev-dirline}). | |
930 These lines are the ones that describe a directory as a file in its | |
931 parent directory. | |
932 | |
933 @findex dired-next-dirline | |
934 @kindex > @r{(Dired)} | |
935 @item > | |
936 Move down to the next directory-file line (@code{dired-prev-dirline}). | |
937 @end table | |
938 | |
939 @node Hiding Subdirectories | |
940 @section Hiding Subdirectories | |
941 | |
942 @cindex hiding in Dired (Dired) | |
943 @dfn{Hiding} a subdirectory means to make it invisible, except for its | |
944 header line, via selective display (@pxref{Selective Display}). | |
945 | |
946 @table @kbd | |
947 @item $ | |
948 @findex dired-hide-subdir | |
949 @kindex $ @r{(Dired)} | |
950 Hide or reveal the subdirectory that point is in, and move point to the | |
951 next subdirectory (@code{dired-hide-subdir}). A numeric argument serves | |
952 as a repeat count. | |
953 | |
954 @item M-$ | |
955 @findex dired-hide-all | |
956 @kindex M-$ @r{(Dired)} | |
957 Hide all subdirectories in this Dired buffer, leaving only their header | |
958 lines (@code{dired-hide-all}). Or, if any subdirectory is currently | |
959 hidden, make all subdirectories visible again. You can use this command | |
960 to get an overview in very deep directory trees or to move quickly to | |
961 subdirectories far away. | |
962 @end table | |
963 | |
964 Ordinary Dired commands never consider files inside a hidden | |
965 subdirectory. For example, the commands to operate on marked files | |
966 ignore files in hidden directories even if they are marked. Thus you | |
967 can use hiding to temporarily exclude subdirectories from operations | |
968 without having to remove the markers. | |
969 | |
970 The subdirectory hiding commands toggle; that is, they hide what was | |
971 visible, and show what was hidden. | |
972 | |
973 @node Dired Updating | |
974 @section Updating the Dired Buffer | |
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975 @cindex updating Dired buffer |
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976 @cindex refreshing displayed files |
25829 | 977 |
978 This section describes commands to update the Dired buffer to reflect | |
979 outside (non-Dired) changes in the directories and files, and to delete | |
980 part of the Dired buffer. | |
981 | |
982 @table @kbd | |
983 @item g | |
984 Update the entire contents of the Dired buffer (@code{revert-buffer}). | |
985 | |
986 @item l | |
987 Update the specified files (@code{dired-do-redisplay}). | |
988 | |
989 @item k | |
990 Delete the specified @emph{file lines}---not the files, just the lines | |
991 (@code{dired-do-kill-lines}). | |
992 | |
993 @item s | |
994 Toggle between alphabetical order and date/time order | |
995 (@code{dired-sort-toggle-or-edit}). | |
996 | |
997 @item C-u s @var{switches} @key{RET} | |
998 Refresh the Dired buffer using @var{switches} as | |
999 @code{dired-listing-switches}. | |
1000 @end table | |
1001 | |
1002 @kindex g @r{(Dired)} | |
1003 @findex revert-buffer @r{(Dired)} | |
1004 Type @kbd{g} (@code{revert-buffer}) to update the contents of the | |
1005 Dired buffer, based on changes in the files and directories listed. | |
1006 This preserves all marks except for those on files that have vanished. | |
1007 Hidden subdirectories are updated but remain hidden. | |
1008 | |
1009 @kindex l @r{(Dired)} | |
1010 @findex dired-do-redisplay | |
1011 To update only some of the files, type @kbd{l} | |
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1012 (@code{dired-do-redisplay}). Like the Dired file-operating commands, |
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1013 this command operates on the next @var{n} files (or previous |
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1014 @minus{}@var{n} files), or on the marked files if any, or on the |
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1015 current file. Updating the files means reading their current status, |
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1016 then updating their lines in the buffer to indicate that status. |
25829 | 1017 |
1018 If you use @kbd{l} on a subdirectory header line, it updates the | |
1019 contents of the corresponding subdirectory. | |
1020 | |
1021 @kindex k @r{(Dired)} | |
1022 @findex dired-do-kill-lines | |
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1023 To delete the specified @emph{file lines} from the buffer---not |
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1024 delete the files---type @kbd{k} (@code{dired-do-kill-lines}). Like |
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1025 the file-operating commands, this command operates on the next @var{n} |
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1026 files, or on the marked files if any; but it does not operate on the |
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1027 current file as a last resort. |
25829 | 1028 |
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1029 If you use @kbd{k} with a numeric prefix argument to kill the line |
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1030 for a file that is a directory, which you have inserted in the Dired |
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1031 buffer as a subdirectory, then this deletes that subdirectory from the |
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1032 buffer as well. Typing @kbd{C-u k} on the header line for a subdirectory |
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1033 is another way to delete a subdirectory from the Dired buffer. |
25829 | 1034 |
1035 The @kbd{g} command brings back any individual lines that you have | |
1036 killed in this way, but not subdirectories---you must use @kbd{i} to | |
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1037 reinsert a subdirectory. |
25829 | 1038 |
1039 @cindex Dired sorting | |
1040 @cindex sorting Dired buffer | |
1041 @kindex s @r{(Dired)} | |
1042 @findex dired-sort-toggle-or-edit | |
1043 The files in a Dired buffers are normally listed in alphabetical order | |
1044 by file names. Alternatively Dired can sort them by date/time. The | |
1045 Dired command @kbd{s} (@code{dired-sort-toggle-or-edit}) switches | |
1046 between these two sorting modes. The mode line in a Dired buffer | |
1047 indicates which way it is currently sorted---by name, or by date. | |
1048 | |
1049 @kbd{C-u s @var{switches} @key{RET}} lets you specify a new value for | |
1050 @code{dired-listing-switches}. | |
1051 | |
1052 @node Dired and Find | |
1053 @section Dired and @code{find} | |
1054 @cindex @code{find} and Dired | |
1055 | |
1056 You can select a set of files for display in a Dired buffer more | |
1057 flexibly by using the @code{find} utility to choose the files. | |
1058 | |
1059 @findex find-name-dired | |
1060 To search for files with names matching a wildcard pattern use | |
1061 @kbd{M-x find-name-dired}. It reads arguments @var{directory} and | |
1062 @var{pattern}, and chooses all the files in @var{directory} or its | |
1063 subdirectories whose individual names match @var{pattern}. | |
1064 | |
1065 The files thus chosen are displayed in a Dired buffer in which the | |
1066 ordinary Dired commands are available. | |
1067 | |
1068 @findex find-grep-dired | |
1069 If you want to test the contents of files, rather than their names, | |
1070 use @kbd{M-x find-grep-dired}. This command reads two minibuffer | |
1071 arguments, @var{directory} and @var{regexp}; it chooses all the files in | |
1072 @var{directory} or its subdirectories that contain a match for | |
1073 @var{regexp}. It works by running the programs @code{find} and | |
1074 @code{grep}. See also @kbd{M-x grep-find}, in @ref{Compilation}. | |
1075 Remember to write the regular expression for @code{grep}, not for Emacs. | |
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1076 (An alternative method of showing files whose contents match a given |
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1077 regexp is the @kbd{% g @var{regexp}} command, see @ref{Marks vs Flags}.) |
25829 | 1078 |
1079 @findex find-dired | |
1080 The most general command in this series is @kbd{M-x find-dired}, which | |
1081 lets you specify any condition that @code{find} can test. It takes two | |
1082 minibuffer arguments, @var{directory} and @var{find-args}; it runs | |
1083 @code{find} in @var{directory}, passing @var{find-args} to tell | |
1084 @code{find} what condition to test. To use this command, you need to | |
1085 know how to use @code{find}. | |
1086 | |
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1087 @vindex find-ls-option |
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1088 The format of listing produced by these commands is controlled by the |
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1089 variable @code{find-ls-option}, whose default value specifies using |
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1090 options @samp{-ld} for @code{ls}. If your listings are corrupted, you |
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1091 may need to change the value of this variable. |
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1092 |
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1093 @findex locate |
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1094 @findex locate-with-filter |
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1095 @cindex file database (locate) |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1096 @vindex locate-command |
38124
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Proofreading fixes from Tim Goodwin <tjg@star.le.ac.uk>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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1097 @kbd{M-x locate} provides a similar interface to the @code{locate} |
38156 | 1098 program. @kbd{M-x locate-with-filter} is similar, but keeps only lines |
38124
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Proofreading fixes from Tim Goodwin <tjg@star.le.ac.uk>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37993
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1099 matching a given regular expression. |
36149
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Just a short xref for dired-x.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1100 |
56113
c4c0d60fa2da
(Dired Enter): Mention conditions on `ls' switches.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
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1101 These buffers don't work entirely like ordinary Dired buffers. File |
c4c0d60fa2da
(Dired Enter): Mention conditions on `ls' switches.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
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1102 operations work, but do not always automatically update the buffer. |
c4c0d60fa2da
(Dired Enter): Mention conditions on `ls' switches.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
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1103 Reverting the buffer with @kbd{g} deletes all inserted subdirectories, |
c4c0d60fa2da
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Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
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1104 and erases all flags and marks. |
c4c0d60fa2da
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parents:
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1105 |
52576
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(Misc Dired Commands): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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1106 @node Misc Dired Commands |
a90f7b4afc00
(Misc Dired Commands): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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1107 @section Other Dired Commands |
a90f7b4afc00
(Misc Dired Commands): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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1108 |
a90f7b4afc00
(Misc Dired Commands): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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1109 @table @kbd |
a90f7b4afc00
(Misc Dired Commands): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1110 @item w |
a90f7b4afc00
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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1111 @cindex Adding to the kill ring in Dired. |
58926
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(Dired Navigation): Add @r{(Dired)} to M-g.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents:
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1112 @kindex w @r{(Dired)} |
52576
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(Misc Dired Commands): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
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1113 @findex dired-copy-filename-as-kill |
a90f7b4afc00
(Misc Dired Commands): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
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changeset
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1114 The @kbd{w} command (@code{dired-copy-filename-as-kill}) puts the |
a90f7b4afc00
(Misc Dired Commands): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
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changeset
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1115 names of the marked (or next @var{n}) files into the kill ring, as if |
a90f7b4afc00
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
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1116 you had killed them with @kbd{C-w}. With a zero prefix argument |
a90f7b4afc00
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
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changeset
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1117 @var{n}=0, use the absolute file name of each marked file. With just |
a90f7b4afc00
(Misc Dired Commands): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
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1118 @kbd{C-u} as the prefix argument, use the relative file name of each |
a90f7b4afc00
(Misc Dired Commands): New node.
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parents:
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1119 marked file. As a special case, if no prefix argument is given and |
a90f7b4afc00
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parents:
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1120 point is on a directory headerline, @kbd{w} gives you the name of that |
a90f7b4afc00
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parents:
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1121 directory without looking for marked files. |
a90f7b4afc00
(Misc Dired Commands): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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1122 |
a90f7b4afc00
(Misc Dired Commands): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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1123 The main purpose of the @kbd{w} command is so that you can yank the |
a90f7b4afc00
(Misc Dired Commands): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
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changeset
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1124 file names into arguments for other Emacs commands. It also displays |
a90f7b4afc00
(Misc Dired Commands): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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1125 what was pushed onto the kill ring, so you can use it to display the |
59885
10a455da0924
(Misc Dired Commands): Delete dired-marked-files.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1126 list of currently marked files in the echo area. |
52576
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1127 @end table |
a90f7b4afc00
(Misc Dired Commands): New node.
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1128 |
52401 | 1129 @ignore |
1130 arch-tag: d105f9b9-fc1b-4c5f-a949-9b2cf3ca2fc1 | |
1131 @end ignore |