annotate man/dired.texi @ 61174:0609cac4453f

* calendar.texi (Calendar Systems): Say that the Persian calendar implemented here is the arithmetical one championed by Birashk.
author Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com>
date Thu, 31 Mar 2005 20:14:03 +0000
parents bcda0fe75703
children 03009601147e 4da4a09e8b1b
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1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual.
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985,86,87,93,94,95,97,2000,2001
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3 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
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5 @node Dired, Calendar/Diary, Rmail, Top
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6 @chapter Dired, the Directory Editor
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7 @cindex Dired
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8 @cindex file management
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9
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10 Dired makes an Emacs buffer containing a listing of a directory, and
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11 optionally some of its subdirectories as well. You can use the normal
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12 Emacs commands to move around in this buffer, and special Dired commands
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13 to operate on the files listed.
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14
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15 The Dired buffer is ``read-only,'' and inserting text in it is not
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16 useful, so ordinary printing characters such as @kbd{d} and @kbd{x} are
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17 used for special Dired commands. Some Dired commands @dfn{mark} or
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18 @dfn{flag} the @dfn{current file} (that is, the file on the current
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19 line); other commands operate on the marked files or on the flagged
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20 files.
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21
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22 The Dired-X package provides various extra features for Dired mode.
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23 @xref{Top, Dired-X,,dired-x, Dired Extra Version 2 User's Manual}.
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24
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25 @menu
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26 * Enter: Dired Enter. How to invoke Dired.
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27 * Navigation: Dired Navigation. Special motion commands in the Dired buffer.
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28 * Deletion: Dired Deletion. Deleting files with Dired.
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29 * Flagging Many Files:: Flagging files based on their names.
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30 * Visit: Dired Visiting. Other file operations through Dired.
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31 * Marks vs Flags:: Flagging for deletion vs marking.
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32 * Operating on Files:: How to copy, rename, print, compress, etc.
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33 either one file or several files.
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34 * Shell Commands in Dired:: Running a shell command on the marked files.
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35 * Transforming File Names:: Using patterns to rename multiple files.
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36 * Comparison in Dired:: Running `diff' by way of Dired.
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37 * Subdirectories in Dired:: Adding subdirectories to the Dired buffer.
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38 * Subdirectory Motion:: Moving across subdirectories, and up and down.
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39 * Hiding Subdirectories:: Making subdirectories visible or invisible.
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40 * Updating: Dired Updating. Discarding lines for files of no interest.
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41 * Find: Dired and Find. Using `find' to choose the files for Dired.
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42 * Wdired:: Operating on files by editing the Dired buffer.
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43 * Misc: Misc Dired Features. Various other features.
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44 @end menu
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45
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46 @node Dired Enter
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47 @section Entering Dired
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48
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49 @findex dired
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50 @kindex C-x d
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51 @vindex dired-listing-switches
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52 To invoke Dired, do @kbd{C-x d} or @kbd{M-x dired}. The command
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53 reads a directory name or wildcard file name pattern as a minibuffer
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54 argument to specify which files to list. @kbd{C-x C-f} given a
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55 directory name also invokes Dired. Where @code{dired} differs from
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56 @code{list-directory} is that it puts the buffer into Dired mode, so
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57 that the special commands of Dired are available.
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58
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59 The variable @code{dired-listing-switches} specifies the options to
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60 give to @code{ls} for listing the directory; this string @emph{must} contain
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61 @samp{-l}. If you use a numeric prefix argument with the @code{dired}
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62 command, you can specify the @code{ls} switches with the minibuffer
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63 before you enter the directory specification. No matter how they are
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64 specified, the @code{ls} switches should all be short options (that
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65 is, single characters) requiring no arguments.
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66
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67 @findex dired-other-window
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68 @kindex C-x 4 d
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69 @findex dired-other-frame
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70 @kindex C-x 5 d
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71 To display the Dired buffer in another window rather than in the
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72 selected window, use @kbd{C-x 4 d} (@code{dired-other-window}) instead
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73 of @kbd{C-x d}. @kbd{C-x 5 d} (@code{dired-other-frame}) uses a
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74 separate frame to display the Dired buffer.
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75
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76 @node Dired Navigation
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77 @section Navigation in the Dired Buffer
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78
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79 @kindex C-n @r{(Dired)}
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80 @kindex C-p @r{(Dired)}
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81 All the usual Emacs cursor motion commands are available in Dired
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82 buffers. Some special-purpose cursor motion commands are also
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83 provided. The keys @kbd{C-n} and @kbd{C-p} are redefined to put the
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84 cursor at the beginning of the file name on the line, rather than at the
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85 beginning of the line.
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86
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87 @kindex SPC @r{(Dired)}
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88 For extra convenience, @key{SPC} and @kbd{n} in Dired are equivalent
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89 to @kbd{C-n}. @kbd{p} is equivalent to @kbd{C-p}. (Moving by lines is
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90 so common in Dired that it deserves to be easy to type.) @key{DEL}
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91 (move up and unflag) is often useful simply for moving up.
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92
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93 @findex dired-goto-file
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94 @kindex M-g @r{(Dired)}
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95 @kbd{M-g} (@code{dired-goto-file}) moves point to the line that
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96 describes a specified file or directory.
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97
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98 Some additional navigation commands are available when the Dired
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99 buffer includes several directories. @xref{Subdirectory Motion}.
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100
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101 @node Dired Deletion
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102 @section Deleting Files with Dired
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103 @cindex flagging files (in Dired)
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104 @cindex deleting files (in Dired)
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105
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106 One of the most frequent uses of Dired is to first @dfn{flag} files for
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107 deletion, then delete the files that were flagged.
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108
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109 @table @kbd
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110 @item d
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111 Flag this file for deletion.
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112 @item u
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113 Remove deletion flag on this line.
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114 @item @key{DEL}
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115 Move point to previous line and remove the deletion flag on that line.
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116 @item x
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117 Delete the files that are flagged for deletion.
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118 @end table
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119
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120 @kindex d @r{(Dired)}
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121 @findex dired-flag-file-deletion
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122 You can flag a file for deletion by moving to the line describing the
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123 file and typing @kbd{d} (@code{dired-flag-file-deletion}). The deletion flag is visible as a @samp{D} at
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124 the beginning of the line. This command moves point to the next line,
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125 so that repeated @kbd{d} commands flag successive files. A numeric
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126 argument serves as a repeat count.
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127
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128 @cindex recursive deletion
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129 @vindex dired-recursive-deletes
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130 The variable @code{dired-recursive-deletes} controls whether the
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131 delete command will delete non-empty directories (including their
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132 contents). The default is to delete only empty directories.
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133
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134 @kindex u @r{(Dired deletion)}
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135 @kindex DEL @r{(Dired)}
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136 The files are flagged for deletion rather than deleted immediately to
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137 reduce the danger of deleting a file accidentally. Until you direct
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138 Dired to delete the flagged files, you can remove deletion flags using
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139 the commands @kbd{u} and @key{DEL}. @kbd{u} (@code{dired-unmark}) works
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140 just like @kbd{d}, but removes flags rather than making flags.
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141 @key{DEL} (@code{dired-unmark-backward}) moves upward, removing flags;
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142 it is like @kbd{u} with argument @minus{}1.
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143
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144 @kindex x @r{(Dired)}
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145 @findex dired-do-flagged-delete
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146 @cindex expunging (Dired)
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147 To delete the flagged files, type @kbd{x} (@code{dired-do-flagged-delete}).
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148 (This is also known as @dfn{expunging}.)
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149 This command first displays a list of all the file names flagged for
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150 deletion, and requests confirmation with @kbd{yes}. If you confirm,
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151 Dired deletes the flagged files, then deletes their lines from the text
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152 of the Dired buffer. The shortened Dired buffer remains selected.
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153
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154 If you answer @kbd{no} or quit with @kbd{C-g} when asked to confirm, you
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155 return immediately to Dired, with the deletion flags still present in
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156 the buffer, and no files actually deleted.
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157
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158 @node Flagging Many Files
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159 @section Flagging Many Files at Once
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160 @cindex flagging many files for deletion (in Dired)
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161
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162 @table @kbd
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163 @item #
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164 Flag all auto-save files (files whose names start and end with @samp{#})
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165 for deletion (@pxref{Auto Save}).
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166
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167 @item ~
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168 Flag all backup files (files whose names end with @samp{~}) for deletion
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169 (@pxref{Backup}).
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170
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171 @item &
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172 Flag for deletion all files with certain kinds of names, names that
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173 suggest you could easily create the files again.
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174
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175 @item .@: @r{(Period)}
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176 Flag excess numeric backup files for deletion. The oldest and newest
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177 few backup files of any one file are exempt; the middle ones are
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178 flagged.
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179
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180 @item % d @var{regexp} @key{RET}
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181 Flag for deletion all files whose names match the regular expression
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182 @var{regexp}.
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183 @end table
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184
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185 The @kbd{#}, @kbd{~}, @kbd{&}, and @kbd{.} commands flag many files for
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186 deletion, based on their file names. These commands are useful
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187 precisely because they do not themselves delete any files; you can
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188 remove the deletion flags from any flagged files that you really wish to
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189 keep.@refill
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190
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191 @kindex & @r{(Dired)}
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192 @findex dired-flag-garbage-files
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193 @vindex dired-garbage-files-regexp
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194 @cindex deleting some backup files
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195 @kbd{&} (@code{dired-flag-garbage-files}) flags files whose names
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196 match the regular expression specified by the variable
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197 @code{dired-garbage-files-regexp}. By default, this matches certain
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198 files produced by @TeX{}, @samp{.bak} files, and the @samp{.orig} and
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199 @samp{.rej} files produced by @code{patch}.
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200
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201 @kindex # @r{(Dired)}
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202 @findex dired-flag-auto-save-files
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203 @cindex deleting auto-save files
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204 @kbd{#} (@code{dired-flag-auto-save-files}) flags for deletion all
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205 files whose names look like auto-save files (@pxref{Auto Save})---that
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206 is, files whose names begin and end with @samp{#}.
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207
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208 @kindex ~ @r{(Dired)}
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209 @findex dired-flag-backup-files
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210 @kbd{~} (@code{dired-flag-backup-files}) flags for deletion all files
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211 whose names say they are backup files (@pxref{Backup})---that is, files
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212 whose names end in @samp{~}.
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213
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214 @kindex . @r{(Dired)}
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215 @vindex dired-kept-versions
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216 @findex dired-clean-directory
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217 @kbd{.} (period, @code{dired-clean-directory}) flags just some of the
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218 backup files for deletion: all but the oldest few and newest few backups
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219 of any one file. Normally @code{dired-kept-versions} (@strong{not}
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220 @code{kept-new-versions}; that applies only when saving) specifies the
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221 number of newest versions of each file to keep, and
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222 @code{kept-old-versions} specifies the number of oldest versions to
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223 keep.
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224
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225 Period with a positive numeric argument, as in @kbd{C-u 3 .},
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226 specifies the number of newest versions to keep, overriding
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227 @code{dired-kept-versions}. A negative numeric argument overrides
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228 @code{kept-old-versions}, using minus the value of the argument to
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229 specify the number of oldest versions of each file to keep.
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230
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231 @findex dired-flag-files-regexp
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232 @kindex % d @r{(Dired)}
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233 The @kbd{% d} command flags all files whose names match a specified
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234 regular expression (@code{dired-flag-files-regexp}). Only the
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235 non-directory part of the file name is used in matching. You can use
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236 @samp{^} and @samp{$} to anchor matches. You can exclude subdirectories
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237 by hiding them (@pxref{Hiding Subdirectories}).
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238
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239 @node Dired Visiting
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240 @section Visiting Files in Dired
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241
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242 There are several Dired commands for visiting or examining the files
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243 listed in the Dired buffer. All of them apply to the current line's
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244 file; if that file is really a directory, these commands invoke Dired on
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245 that subdirectory (making a separate Dired buffer).
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246
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247 @table @kbd
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248 @item f
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249 @kindex f @r{(Dired)}
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250 @findex dired-find-file
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251 Visit the file described on the current line, like typing @kbd{C-x C-f}
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252 and supplying that file name (@code{dired-find-file}). @xref{Visiting}.
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253
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254 @item @key{RET}
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255 @itemx e
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256 @kindex RET @r{(Dired)}
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257 @kindex e @r{(Dired)}
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258 Equivalent to @kbd{f}.
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259
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260 @ignore @c This command seems too risky to document at all.
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261 @item a
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262 @kindex a @r{(Dired)}
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263 @findex dired-find-alternate-file
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264 Like @kbd{f}, but replaces the contents of the Dired buffer with
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265 that of an alternate file or directory (@code{dired-find-alternate-file}).
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266 @end ignore
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267
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268 @item o
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269 @kindex o @r{(Dired)}
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270 @findex dired-find-file-other-window
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271 Like @kbd{f}, but uses another window to display the file's buffer
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272 (@code{dired-find-file-other-window}). The Dired buffer remains visible
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273 in the first window. This is like using @kbd{C-x 4 C-f} to visit the
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274 file. @xref{Windows}.
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275
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276 @item C-o
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277 @kindex C-o @r{(Dired)}
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278 @findex dired-display-file
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279 Visit the file described on the current line, and display the buffer in
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280 another window, but do not select that window (@code{dired-display-file}).
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281
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282 @item Mouse-1
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283 @itemx Mouse-2
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284 @findex dired-mouse-find-file-other-window
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285 Visit the file named by the line you click on
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286 (@code{dired-mouse-find-file-other-window}). This uses another window
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287 to display the file, like the @kbd{o} command.
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288
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289 @item v
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290 @kindex v @r{(Dired)}
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291 @findex dired-view-file
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292 View the file described on the current line, using either an external
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293 viewing program or @kbd{M-x view-file} (@code{dired-view-file}).
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294
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295 @vindex dired-view-command-alist
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296 External viewers are used for certain file types under the control of
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297 @code{dired-view-command-alist}. Viewing a file with @code{view-file}
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298 is like visiting it, but is slanted toward moving around in the file
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299 conveniently and does not allow changing the file. @xref{Misc File
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300 Ops,View File, Miscellaneous File Operations}.
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301
1ff0891cec4c Change "Dired Commands" to "Dired Navigation". Move the general
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302 @item ^
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303 @kindex ^ @r{(Dired)}
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304 @findex dired-up-directory
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305 Visit the parent directory of the current directory
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306 (@code{dired-up-directory}). This is more convenient than moving to
1ff0891cec4c Change "Dired Commands" to "Dired Navigation". Move the general
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307 the parent directory's line and typing @kbd{f} there.
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308 @end table
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309
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310 @node Marks vs Flags
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311 @section Dired Marks vs. Flags
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312
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313 @cindex marking many files (in Dired)
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314 Instead of flagging a file with @samp{D}, you can @dfn{mark} the
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315 file with some other character (usually @samp{*}). Most Dired
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316 commands to operate on files use the files marked with @samp{*}, the
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317 exception being @kbd{x} which deletes the flagged files.
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318
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319 Here are some commands for marking with @samp{*}, or for unmarking or
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320 operating on marks. (@xref{Dired Deletion}, for commands to flag and
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321 unflag files.)
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322
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323 @table @kbd
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324 @item m
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325 @itemx * m
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326 @kindex m @r{(Dired)}
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327 @kindex * m @r{(Dired)}
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328 @findex dired-mark
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329 Mark the current file with @samp{*} (@code{dired-mark}). With a numeric
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330 argument @var{n}, mark the next @var{n} files starting with the current
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331 file. (If @var{n} is negative, mark the previous @minus{}@var{n}
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332 files.)
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333
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334 @item * *
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335 @kindex * * @r{(Dired)}
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336 @findex dired-mark-executables
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337 @cindex marking executable files (in Dired)
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338 Mark all executable files with @samp{*}
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339 (@code{dired-mark-executables}). With a numeric argument, unmark all
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340 those files.
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341
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342 @item * @@
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343 @kindex * @@ @r{(Dired)}
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344 @findex dired-mark-symlinks
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a90f7b4afc00 (Misc Dired Commands): New node.
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345 @cindex marking symbolic links (in Dired)
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346 Mark all symbolic links with @samp{*} (@code{dired-mark-symlinks}).
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347 With a numeric argument, unmark all those files.
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348
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349 @item * /
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350 @kindex * / @r{(Dired)}
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351 @findex dired-mark-directories
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352 @cindex marking subdirectories (in Dired)
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353 Mark with @samp{*} all files which are actually directories, except for
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diff changeset
354 @file{.} and @file{..} (@code{dired-mark-directories}). With a numeric
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355 argument, unmark all those files.
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356
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357 @item * s
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358 @kindex * s @r{(Dired)}
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359 @findex dired-mark-subdir-files
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360 Mark all the files in the current subdirectory, aside from @file{.}
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diff changeset
361 and @file{..} (@code{dired-mark-subdir-files}).
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diff changeset
362
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diff changeset
363 @item u
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diff changeset
364 @itemx * u
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365 @kindex u @r{(Dired)}
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366 @kindex * u @r{(Dired)}
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367 @findex dired-unmark
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368 Remove any mark on this line (@code{dired-unmark}).
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369
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370 @item @key{DEL}
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371 @itemx * @key{DEL}
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372 @kindex * DEL @r{(Dired)}
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373 @findex dired-unmark-backward
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diff changeset
374 @cindex unmarking files (in Dired)
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375 Move point to previous line and remove any mark on that line
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376 (@code{dired-unmark-backward}).
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377
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diff changeset
378 @item * !
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379 @kindex * ! @r{(Dired)}
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380 @findex dired-unmark-all-marks
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381 Remove all marks from all the files in this Dired buffer
37484
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
382 (@code{dired-unmark-all-marks}).
25829
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parents:
diff changeset
383
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
384 @item * ? @var{markchar}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
385 @kindex * ? @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
386 @findex dired-unmark-all-files
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
387 Remove all marks that use the character @var{markchar}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
388 (@code{dired-unmark-all-files}). The argument is a single
36477
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
389 character---do not use @key{RET} to terminate it. See the description
36507
7f2e9facb52a Minor cleanups.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36477
diff changeset
390 of the @kbd{* c} command below, which lets you replace one mark
7f2e9facb52a Minor cleanups.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36477
diff changeset
391 character with another.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
392
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
393 With a numeric argument, this command queries about each marked file,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
394 asking whether to remove its mark. You can answer @kbd{y} meaning yes,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
395 @kbd{n} meaning no, or @kbd{!} to remove the marks from the remaining
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
396 files without asking about them.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
397
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
398 @item * C-n
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
399 @findex dired-next-marked-file
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
400 @kindex * C-n @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
401 Move down to the next marked file (@code{dired-next-marked-file})
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
402 A file is ``marked'' if it has any kind of mark.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
403
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
404 @item * C-p
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
405 @findex dired-prev-marked-file
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
406 @kindex * C-p @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
407 Move up to the previous marked file (@code{dired-prev-marked-file})
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
408
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
409 @item * t
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
410 @kindex * t @r{(Dired)}
44213
729648fff079 Rename dired-do-toggle to dired-toggle-marks.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43109
diff changeset
411 @findex dired-toggle-marks
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
412 @cindex toggling marks (in Dired)
44213
729648fff079 Rename dired-do-toggle to dired-toggle-marks.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43109
diff changeset
413 Toggle all marks (@code{dired-toggle-marks}): files marked with @samp{*}
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
414 become unmarked, and unmarked files are marked with @samp{*}. Files
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
415 marked in any other way are not affected.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
416
36477
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
417 @item * c @var{old-markchar} @var{new-markchar}
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
418 @kindex * c @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
419 @findex dired-change-marks
36477
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
420 Replace all marks that use the character @var{old-markchar} with marks
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
421 that use the character @var{new-markchar} (@code{dired-change-marks}).
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
422 This command is the primary way to create or use marks other than
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
423 @samp{*} or @samp{D}. The arguments are single characters---do not use
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
424 @key{RET} to terminate them.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
425
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
426 You can use almost any character as a mark character by means of this
36477
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
427 command, to distinguish various classes of files. If @var{old-markchar}
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
428 is a space (@samp{ }), then the command operates on all unmarked files;
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
429 if @var{new-markchar} is a space, then the command unmarks the files it
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
430 acts on.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
431
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
432 To illustrate the power of this command, here is how to put @samp{D}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
433 flags on all the files that have no marks, while unflagging all those
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
434 that already have @samp{D} flags:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
435
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
436 @example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
437 * c D t * c SPC D * c t SPC
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
438 @end example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
439
36507
7f2e9facb52a Minor cleanups.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36477
diff changeset
440 This assumes that no files were already marked with @samp{t}.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
441
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
442 @item % m @var{regexp} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
443 @itemx * % @var{regexp} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
444 @findex dired-mark-files-regexp
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
445 @kindex % m @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
446 @kindex * % @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
447 Mark (with @samp{*}) all files whose names match the regular expression
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
448 @var{regexp} (@code{dired-mark-files-regexp}). This command is like
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
449 @kbd{% d}, except that it marks files with @samp{*} instead of flagging
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
450 with @samp{D}. @xref{Flagging Many Files}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
451
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
452 Only the non-directory part of the file name is used in matching. Use
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
453 @samp{^} and @samp{$} to anchor matches. Exclude subdirectories by
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
454 hiding them (@pxref{Hiding Subdirectories}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
455
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
456 @item % g @var{regexp} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
457 @findex dired-mark-files-containing-regexp
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
458 @kindex % g @r{(Dired)}
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
459 @cindex finding files containing regexp matches (in Dired)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
460 Mark (with @samp{*}) all files whose @emph{contents} contain a match for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
461 the regular expression @var{regexp}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
462 (@code{dired-mark-files-containing-regexp}). This command is like
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
463 @kbd{% m}, except that it searches the file contents instead of the file
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
464 name.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
465
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
466 @item C-_
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
467 @kindex C-_ @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
468 @findex dired-undo
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
469 Undo changes in the Dired buffer, such as adding or removing
37519
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
470 marks (@code{dired-undo}). @emph{This command does not revert the
38124
72ea86c1d394 Proofreading fixes from Tim Goodwin <tjg@star.le.ac.uk>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37993
diff changeset
471 actual file operations, nor recover lost files!} It just undoes
37519
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
472 changes in the buffer itself. For example, if used after renaming one
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
473 or more files, @code{dired-undo} restores the original names, which
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
474 will get the Dired buffer out of sync with the actual contents of the
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
475 directory.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
476 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
477
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
478 @node Operating on Files
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
479 @section Operating on Files
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
480 @cindex operating on files in Dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
481
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
482 This section describes the basic Dired commands to operate on one file
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
483 or several files. All of these commands are capital letters; all of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
484 them use the minibuffer, either to read an argument or to ask for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
485 confirmation, before they act. All of them give you several ways to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
486 specify which files to manipulate:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
487
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
488 @itemize @bullet
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
489 @item
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
490 If you give the command a numeric prefix argument @var{n}, it operates
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
491 on the next @var{n} files, starting with the current file. (If @var{n}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
492 is negative, the command operates on the @minus{}@var{n} files preceding
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
493 the current line.)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
494
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
495 @item
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
496 Otherwise, if some files are marked with @samp{*}, the command operates
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
497 on all those files.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
498
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
499 @item
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
500 Otherwise, the command operates on the current file only.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
501 @end itemize
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
502
37491
772178ae2c7e (Operating on Files): Document dired-dwim-target.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37484
diff changeset
503 @vindex dired-dwim-target
772178ae2c7e (Operating on Files): Document dired-dwim-target.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37484
diff changeset
504 @cindex two directories (in Dired)
772178ae2c7e (Operating on Files): Document dired-dwim-target.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37484
diff changeset
505 Commands which ask for a destination directory, such as those which
772178ae2c7e (Operating on Files): Document dired-dwim-target.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37484
diff changeset
506 copy and rename files or create links for them, try to guess the default
772178ae2c7e (Operating on Files): Document dired-dwim-target.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37484
diff changeset
507 target directory for the operation. Normally, they suggest the Dired
772178ae2c7e (Operating on Files): Document dired-dwim-target.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37484
diff changeset
508 buffer's default directory, but if the variable @code{dired-dwim-target}
772178ae2c7e (Operating on Files): Document dired-dwim-target.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37484
diff changeset
509 is non-@code{nil}, and if there is another Dired buffer displayed in the
772178ae2c7e (Operating on Files): Document dired-dwim-target.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37484
diff changeset
510 next window, that other buffer's directory is suggested instead.
772178ae2c7e (Operating on Files): Document dired-dwim-target.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37484
diff changeset
511
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
512 Here are the file-manipulating commands that operate on files in this
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
513 way. (Some other Dired commands, such as @kbd{!} and the @samp{%}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
514 commands, also use these conventions to decide which files to work on.)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
515
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
516 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
517 @findex dired-do-copy
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
518 @kindex C @r{(Dired)}
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
519 @cindex copying files (in Dired)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
520 @item C @var{new} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
521 Copy the specified files (@code{dired-do-copy}). The argument @var{new}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
522 is the directory to copy into, or (if copying a single file) the new
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
523 name.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
524
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
525 @vindex dired-copy-preserve-time
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
526 If @code{dired-copy-preserve-time} is non-@code{nil}, then copying with
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
527 this command sets the modification time of the new file to be the same
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
528 as that of the old file.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
529
36149
a1ff91eda21c Just a short xref for dired-x.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35056
diff changeset
530 @vindex dired-recursive-copies
40617
aeebb5c33587 (Dired Deletion, Operating On Files): Add index entries.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39287
diff changeset
531 @cindex recursive copying
36149
a1ff91eda21c Just a short xref for dired-x.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35056
diff changeset
532 The variable @code{dired-recursive-copies} controls whether
a1ff91eda21c Just a short xref for dired-x.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35056
diff changeset
533 directories are copied recursively. The default is to not copy
a1ff91eda21c Just a short xref for dired-x.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35056
diff changeset
534 recursively, which means that directories cannot be copied.
a1ff91eda21c Just a short xref for dired-x.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35056
diff changeset
535
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
536 @item D
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
537 @findex dired-do-delete
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
538 @kindex D @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
539 Delete the specified files (@code{dired-do-delete}). Like the other
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
540 commands in this section, this command operates on the @emph{marked}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
541 files, or the next @var{n} files. By contrast, @kbd{x}
37484
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
542 (@code{dired-do-flagged-delete}) deletes all @dfn{flagged} files.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
543
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
544 @findex dired-do-rename
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
545 @kindex R @r{(Dired)}
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
546 @cindex renaming files (in Dired)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
547 @item R @var{new} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
548 Rename the specified files (@code{dired-do-rename}). The argument
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
549 @var{new} is the directory to rename into, or (if renaming a single
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
550 file) the new name.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
551
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
552 Dired automatically changes the visited file name of buffers associated
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
553 with renamed files so that they refer to the new names.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
554
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
555 @findex dired-do-hardlink
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
556 @kindex H @r{(Dired)}
35056
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
557 @cindex hard links (in Dired)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
558 @item H @var{new} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
559 Make hard links to the specified files (@code{dired-do-hardlink}). The
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
560 argument @var{new} is the directory to make the links in, or (if making
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
561 just one link) the name to give the link.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
562
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
563 @findex dired-do-symlink
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
564 @kindex S @r{(Dired)}
52576
a90f7b4afc00 (Misc Dired Commands): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
565 @cindex symbolic links (creation in Dired)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
566 @item S @var{new} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
567 Make symbolic links to the specified files (@code{dired-do-symlink}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
568 The argument @var{new} is the directory to make the links in, or (if
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
569 making just one link) the name to give the link.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
570
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
571 @findex dired-do-chmod
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
572 @kindex M @r{(Dired)}
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
573 @cindex changing file permissions (in Dired)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
574 @item M @var{modespec} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
575 Change the mode (also called ``permission bits'') of the specified files
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
576 (@code{dired-do-chmod}). This uses the @code{chmod} program, so
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
577 @var{modespec} can be any argument that @code{chmod} can handle.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
578
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
579 @findex dired-do-chgrp
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
580 @kindex G @r{(Dired)}
36263
11db0318031d Remove redundant index entries.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36149
diff changeset
581 @cindex changing file group (in Dired)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
582 @item G @var{newgroup} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
583 Change the group of the specified files to @var{newgroup}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
584 (@code{dired-do-chgrp}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
585
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
586 @findex dired-do-chown
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
587 @kindex O @r{(Dired)}
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
588 @cindex changing file owner (in Dired)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
589 @item O @var{newowner} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
590 Change the owner of the specified files to @var{newowner}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
591 (@code{dired-do-chown}). (On most systems, only the superuser can do
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
592 this.)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
593
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
594 @vindex dired-chown-program
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
595 The variable @code{dired-chown-program} specifies the name of the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
596 program to use to do the work (different systems put @code{chown} in
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
597 different places).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
598
56046
684d4b5c0efc (Operating on Files): Add dired-do-touch.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents: 55780
diff changeset
599 @findex dired-do-touch
684d4b5c0efc (Operating on Files): Add dired-do-touch.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents: 55780
diff changeset
600 @kindex T @r{(Dired)}
684d4b5c0efc (Operating on Files): Add dired-do-touch.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents: 55780
diff changeset
601 @cindex changing file time (in Dired)
684d4b5c0efc (Operating on Files): Add dired-do-touch.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents: 55780
diff changeset
602 @item T @var{timestamp} @key{RET}
684d4b5c0efc (Operating on Files): Add dired-do-touch.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents: 55780
diff changeset
603 Change the time of the specified files (@code{dired-do-touch}).
684d4b5c0efc (Operating on Files): Add dired-do-touch.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents: 55780
diff changeset
604
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
605 @findex dired-do-print
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
606 @kindex P @r{(Dired)}
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
607 @cindex printing files (in Dired)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
608 @item P @var{command} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
609 Print the specified files (@code{dired-do-print}). You must specify the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
610 command to print them with, but the minibuffer starts out with a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
611 suitable guess made using the variables @code{lpr-command} and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
612 @code{lpr-switches} (the same variables that @code{lpr-buffer} uses;
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
613 @pxref{Hardcopy}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
614
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
615 @findex dired-do-compress
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
616 @kindex Z @r{(Dired)}
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
617 @cindex compressing files (in Dired)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
618 @item Z
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
619 Compress the specified files (@code{dired-do-compress}). If the file
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
620 appears to be a compressed file already, it is uncompressed instead.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
621
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
622 @findex dired-do-load
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
623 @kindex L @r{(Dired)}
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
624 @cindex loading several files (in Dired)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
625 @item L
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
626 Load the specified Emacs Lisp files (@code{dired-do-load}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
627 @xref{Lisp Libraries}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
628
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
629 @findex dired-do-byte-compile
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
630 @kindex B @r{(Dired)}
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
631 @cindex byte-compiling several files (in Dired)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
632 @item B
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
633 Byte compile the specified Emacs Lisp files
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
634 (@code{dired-do-byte-compile}). @xref{Byte Compilation,, Byte
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
635 Compilation, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
636
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
637 @kindex A @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
638 @findex dired-do-search
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
639 @cindex search multiple files (in Dired)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
640 @item A @var{regexp} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
641 Search all the specified files for the regular expression @var{regexp}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
642 (@code{dired-do-search}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
643
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
644 This command is a variant of @code{tags-search}. The search stops at
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
645 the first match it finds; use @kbd{M-,} to resume the search and find
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
646 the next match. @xref{Tags Search}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
647
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
648 @kindex Q @r{(Dired)}
37484
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
649 @findex dired-do-query-replace-regexp
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
650 @cindex search and replace in multiple files (in Dired)
37484
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
651 @item Q @var{regexp} @key{RET} @var{to} @key{RET}
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
652 Perform @code{query-replace-regexp} on each of the specified files,
37484
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
653 replacing matches for @var{regexp} with the string
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
654 @var{to} (@code{dired-do-query-replace-regexp}).
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
655
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
656 This command is a variant of @code{tags-query-replace}. If you exit the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
657 query replace loop, you can use @kbd{M-,} to resume the scan and replace
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
658 more matches. @xref{Tags Search}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
659 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
660
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
661 @kindex + @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
662 @findex dired-create-directory
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
663 One special file-operation command is @kbd{+}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
664 (@code{dired-create-directory}). This command reads a directory name and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
665 creates the directory if it does not already exist.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
666
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
667 @node Shell Commands in Dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
668 @section Shell Commands in Dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
669 @cindex shell commands, Dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
670
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
671 @findex dired-do-shell-command
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
672 @kindex ! @r{(Dired)}
36477
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
673 @kindex X @r{(Dired)}
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
674 The Dired command @kbd{!} (@code{dired-do-shell-command}) reads a shell
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
675 command string in the minibuffer and runs that shell command on all the
36477
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
676 specified files. @kbd{X} is a synonym for @kbd{!}. You can specify the
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
677 files to operate on in the usual ways for Dired commands
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
678 (@pxref{Operating on Files}). There are two ways of applying a shell
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
679 command to multiple files:
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
680
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
681 @itemize @bullet
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
682 @item
46203
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
683 If you use @samp{*} surrounded by whitespace in the shell command,
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
684 then the command runs just once, with the list of file names
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
685 substituted for the @samp{*}. The order of file names is the order of
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
686 appearance in the Dired buffer.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
687
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
688 Thus, @kbd{! tar cf foo.tar * @key{RET}} runs @code{tar} on the entire
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
689 list of file names, putting them into one tar file @file{foo.tar}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
690
46203
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
691 If you want to use @samp{*} as a shell wildcard with whitespace around
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
692 it, write @samp{*""}. In the shell, this is equivalent to @samp{*};
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
693 but since the @samp{*} is not surrounded by whitespace, Dired does
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
694 not treat it specially.
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
695
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
696 @item
46203
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
697 If the command string doesn't contain @samp{*} surrounded by
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
698 whitespace, then it runs once @emph{for each file}. Normally the file
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
699 name is added at the end.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
700
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
701 For example, @kbd{! uudecode @key{RET}} runs @code{uudecode} on each
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
702 file.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
703
46203
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
704 @item
60103
d7a513160c01 (Dired Enter): C-x C-f can run Dired.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59885
diff changeset
705 However, if the command string contains @samp{?} surrounded by
d7a513160c01 (Dired Enter): C-x C-f can run Dired.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59885
diff changeset
706 whitespace, the current file name is substituted for @samp{?} (rather
d7a513160c01 (Dired Enter): C-x C-f can run Dired.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59885
diff changeset
707 than added at the end). You can use @samp{?} this way more than once
d7a513160c01 (Dired Enter): C-x C-f can run Dired.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59885
diff changeset
708 in the command, and the same file name replaces each occurrence.
46203
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
709 @end itemize
36149
a1ff91eda21c Just a short xref for dired-x.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35056
diff changeset
710
46203
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
711 To iterate over the file names in a more complicated fashion, use an
59260
a3a45da02baa (Shell Commands in Dired): Delete the ? example.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 58926
diff changeset
712 explicit shell loop. For example, here is how to uuencode each file,
a3a45da02baa (Shell Commands in Dired): Delete the ? example.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 58926
diff changeset
713 making the output file name by appending @samp{.uu} to the input file
a3a45da02baa (Shell Commands in Dired): Delete the ? example.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 58926
diff changeset
714 name:
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
715
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
716 @example
46203
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
717 for file in * ; do uuencode "$file" "$file" >"$file".uu; done
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
718 @end example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
719
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
720 The working directory for the shell command is the top-level directory
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
721 of the Dired buffer.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
722
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
723 The @kbd{!} command does not attempt to update the Dired buffer to show
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
724 new or modified files, because it doesn't really understand shell
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
725 commands, and does not know what files the shell command changed. Use
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
726 the @kbd{g} command to update the Dired buffer (@pxref{Dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
727 Updating}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
728
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
729 @node Transforming File Names
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
730 @section Transforming File Names in Dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
731
37519
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
732 This section describes Dired commands which alter file names in a
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
733 systematic way.
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
734
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
735 Like the basic Dired file-manipulation commands (@pxref{Operating on
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
736 Files}), the commands described here operate either on the next
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
737 @var{n} files, or on all files marked with @samp{*}, or on the current
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
738 file. (To mark files, use the commands described in @ref{Marks vs
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
739 Flags}.)
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
740
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
741 All of the commands described in this section work
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
742 @emph{interactively}: they ask you to confirm the operation for each
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
743 candidate file. Thus, you can select more files than you actually
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
744 need to operate on (e.g., with a regexp that matches many files), and
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
745 then refine the selection by typing @kbd{y} or @kbd{n} when the
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
746 command prompts for confirmation.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
747
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
748 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
749 @findex dired-upcase
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
750 @kindex % u @r{(Dired)}
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
751 @cindex upcase file names
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
752 @item % u
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
753 Rename each of the selected files to an upper-case name
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
754 (@code{dired-upcase}). If the old file names are @file{Foo}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
755 and @file{bar}, the new names are @file{FOO} and @file{BAR}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
756
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
757 @item % l
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
758 @findex dired-downcase
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
759 @kindex % l @r{(Dired)}
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
760 @cindex downcase file names
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
761 Rename each of the selected files to a lower-case name
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
762 (@code{dired-downcase}). If the old file names are @file{Foo} and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
763 @file{bar}, the new names are @file{foo} and @file{bar}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
764
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
765 @item % R @var{from} @key{RET} @var{to} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
766 @kindex % R @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
767 @findex dired-do-rename-regexp
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
768 @itemx % C @var{from} @key{RET} @var{to} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
769 @kindex % C @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
770 @findex dired-do-copy-regexp
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
771 @itemx % H @var{from} @key{RET} @var{to} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
772 @kindex % H @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
773 @findex dired-do-hardlink-regexp
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
774 @itemx % S @var{from} @key{RET} @var{to} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
775 @kindex % S @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
776 @findex dired-do-symlink-regexp
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
777 These four commands rename, copy, make hard links and make soft links,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
778 in each case computing the new name by regular-expression substitution
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
779 from the name of the old file.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
780 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
781
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
782 The four regular-expression substitution commands effectively perform
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
783 a search-and-replace on the selected file names in the Dired buffer.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
784 They read two arguments: a regular expression @var{from}, and a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
785 substitution pattern @var{to}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
786
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
787 The commands match each ``old'' file name against the regular
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
788 expression @var{from}, and then replace the matching part with @var{to}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
789 You can use @samp{\&} and @samp{\@var{digit}} in @var{to} to refer to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
790 all or part of what the pattern matched in the old file name, as in
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
791 @code{replace-regexp} (@pxref{Regexp Replace}). If the regular expression
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
792 matches more than once in a file name, only the first match is replaced.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
793
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
794 For example, @kbd{% R ^.*$ @key{RET} x-\& @key{RET}} renames each
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
795 selected file by prepending @samp{x-} to its name. The inverse of this,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
796 removing @samp{x-} from the front of each file name, is also possible:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
797 one method is @kbd{% R ^x-\(.*\)$ @key{RET} \1 @key{RET}}; another is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
798 @kbd{% R ^x- @key{RET} @key{RET}}. (Use @samp{^} and @samp{$} to anchor
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
799 matches that should span the whole filename.)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
800
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
801 Normally, the replacement process does not consider the files'
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
802 directory names; it operates on the file name within the directory. If
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
803 you specify a numeric argument of zero, then replacement affects the
37519
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
804 entire absolute file name including directory name. (Non-zero
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
805 argument specifies the number of files to operate on.)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
806
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
807 Often you will want to select the set of files to operate on using the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
808 same @var{regexp} that you will use to operate on them. To do this,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
809 mark those files with @kbd{% m @var{regexp} @key{RET}}, then use the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
810 same regular expression in the command to operate on the files. To make
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
811 this easier, the @kbd{%} commands to operate on files use the last
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
812 regular expression specified in any @kbd{%} command as a default.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
813
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
814 @node Comparison in Dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
815 @section File Comparison with Dired
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
816 @cindex file comparison (in Dired)
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
817 @cindex compare files (in Dired)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
818
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
819 Here are two Dired commands that compare specified files using
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
820 @code{diff}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
821
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
822 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
823 @item =
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
824 @findex dired-diff
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
825 @kindex = @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
826 Compare the current file (the file at point) with another file (the file
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
827 at the mark) using the @code{diff} program (@code{dired-diff}). The
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
828 file at the mark is the first argument of @code{diff}, and the file at
37549
b7c260d40c0b (Comparison in Dired): Make it clear that ``the mark'' is settable by C-SPC.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37519
diff changeset
829 point is the second argument. Use @kbd{C-@key{SPC}}
b7c260d40c0b (Comparison in Dired): Make it clear that ``the mark'' is settable by C-SPC.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37519
diff changeset
830 (@code{set-mark-command}) to set the mark at the first file's line
b7c260d40c0b (Comparison in Dired): Make it clear that ``the mark'' is settable by C-SPC.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37519
diff changeset
831 (@pxref{Setting Mark}), since @code{dired-diff} ignores the files marked
b7c260d40c0b (Comparison in Dired): Make it clear that ``the mark'' is settable by C-SPC.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37519
diff changeset
832 with the Dired's @kbd{m} command.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
833
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
834 @findex dired-backup-diff
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
835 @kindex M-= @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
836 @item M-=
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
837 Compare the current file with its latest backup file
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
838 (@code{dired-backup-diff}). If the current file is itself a backup,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
839 compare it with the file it is a backup of; this way, you can compare
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
840 a file with any backup version of your choice.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
841
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
842 The backup file is the first file given to @code{diff}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
843 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
844
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
845 @node Subdirectories in Dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
846 @section Subdirectories in Dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
847 @cindex subdirectories in Dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
848 @cindex expanding subdirectories in Dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
849
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
850 A Dired buffer displays just one directory in the normal case;
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
851 but you can optionally include its subdirectories as well.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
852
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
853 The simplest way to include multiple directories in one Dired buffer is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
854 to specify the options @samp{-lR} for running @code{ls}. (If you give a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
855 numeric argument when you run Dired, then you can specify these options
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
856 in the minibuffer.) That produces a recursive directory listing showing
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
857 all subdirectories at all levels.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
858
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
859 But usually all the subdirectories are too many; usually you will
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
860 prefer to include specific subdirectories only. You can do this with
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
861 the @kbd{i} command:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
862
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
863 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
864 @findex dired-maybe-insert-subdir
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
865 @kindex i @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
866 @item i
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
867 @cindex inserted subdirectory (Dired)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
868 @cindex in-situ subdirectory (Dired)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
869 Insert the contents of a subdirectory later in the buffer.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
870 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
871
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
872 Use the @kbd{i} (@code{dired-maybe-insert-subdir}) command on a line
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
873 that describes a file which is a directory. It inserts the contents of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
874 that directory into the same Dired buffer, and moves there. Inserted
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
875 subdirectory contents follow the top-level directory of the Dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
876 buffer, just as they do in @samp{ls -lR} output.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
877
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
878 If the subdirectory's contents are already present in the buffer, the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
879 @kbd{i} command just moves to it.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
880
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
881 In either case, @kbd{i} sets the Emacs mark before moving, so @kbd{C-u
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
882 C-@key{SPC}} takes you back to the old position in the buffer (the line
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
883 describing that subdirectory).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
884
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
885 Use the @kbd{l} command (@code{dired-do-redisplay}) to update the
36477
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
886 subdirectory's contents. Use @kbd{C-u k} on the subdirectory header
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
887 line to delete the subdirectory. @xref{Dired Updating}.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
888
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
889 @node Subdirectory Motion
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
890 @section Moving Over Subdirectories
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
891
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
892 When a Dired buffer lists subdirectories, you can use the page motion
37484
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
893 commands @kbd{C-x [} and @kbd{C-x ]} to move by entire directories
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
894 (@pxref{Pages}).
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
895
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
896 @cindex header line (Dired)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
897 @cindex directory header lines
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
898 The following commands move across, up and down in the tree of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
899 directories within one Dired buffer. They move to @dfn{directory header
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
900 lines}, which are the lines that give a directory's name, at the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
901 beginning of the directory's contents.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
902
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
903 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
904 @findex dired-next-subdir
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
905 @kindex C-M-n @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
906 @item C-M-n
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
907 Go to next subdirectory header line, regardless of level
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
908 (@code{dired-next-subdir}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
909
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
910 @findex dired-prev-subdir
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
911 @kindex C-M-p @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
912 @item C-M-p
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
913 Go to previous subdirectory header line, regardless of level
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
914 (@code{dired-prev-subdir}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
915
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
916 @findex dired-tree-up
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
917 @kindex C-M-u @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
918 @item C-M-u
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
919 Go up to the parent directory's header line (@code{dired-tree-up}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
920
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
921 @findex dired-tree-down
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
922 @kindex C-M-d @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
923 @item C-M-d
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
924 Go down in the directory tree, to the first subdirectory's header line
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
925 (@code{dired-tree-down}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
926
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
927 @findex dired-prev-dirline
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
928 @kindex < @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
929 @item <
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
930 Move up to the previous directory-file line (@code{dired-prev-dirline}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
931 These lines are the ones that describe a directory as a file in its
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
932 parent directory.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
933
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
934 @findex dired-next-dirline
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
935 @kindex > @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
936 @item >
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
937 Move down to the next directory-file line (@code{dired-prev-dirline}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
938 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
939
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
940 @node Hiding Subdirectories
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
941 @section Hiding Subdirectories
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
942
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
943 @cindex hiding in Dired (Dired)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
944 @dfn{Hiding} a subdirectory means to make it invisible, except for its
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
945 header line, via selective display (@pxref{Selective Display}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
946
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
947 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
948 @item $
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
949 @findex dired-hide-subdir
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
950 @kindex $ @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
951 Hide or reveal the subdirectory that point is in, and move point to the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
952 next subdirectory (@code{dired-hide-subdir}). A numeric argument serves
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
953 as a repeat count.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
954
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
955 @item M-$
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
956 @findex dired-hide-all
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
957 @kindex M-$ @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
958 Hide all subdirectories in this Dired buffer, leaving only their header
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
959 lines (@code{dired-hide-all}). Or, if any subdirectory is currently
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
960 hidden, make all subdirectories visible again. You can use this command
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
961 to get an overview in very deep directory trees or to move quickly to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
962 subdirectories far away.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
963 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
964
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
965 Ordinary Dired commands never consider files inside a hidden
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
966 subdirectory. For example, the commands to operate on marked files
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
967 ignore files in hidden directories even if they are marked. Thus you
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
968 can use hiding to temporarily exclude subdirectories from operations
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
969 without having to remove the markers.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
970
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
971 The subdirectory hiding commands toggle; that is, they hide what was
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
972 visible, and show what was hidden.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
973
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
974 @node Dired Updating
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
975 @section Updating the Dired Buffer
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
976 @cindex updating Dired buffer
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
977 @cindex refreshing displayed files
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
978
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
979 This section describes commands to update the Dired buffer to reflect
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
980 outside (non-Dired) changes in the directories and files, and to delete
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
981 part of the Dired buffer.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
982
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
983 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
984 @item g
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
985 Update the entire contents of the Dired buffer (@code{revert-buffer}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
986
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
987 @item l
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
988 Update the specified files (@code{dired-do-redisplay}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
989
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
990 @item k
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
991 Delete the specified @emph{file lines}---not the files, just the lines
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
992 (@code{dired-do-kill-lines}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
993
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
994 @item s
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
995 Toggle between alphabetical order and date/time order
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
996 (@code{dired-sort-toggle-or-edit}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
997
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
998 @item C-u s @var{switches} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
999 Refresh the Dired buffer using @var{switches} as
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1000 @code{dired-listing-switches}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1001 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1002
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1003 @kindex g @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1004 @findex revert-buffer @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1005 Type @kbd{g} (@code{revert-buffer}) to update the contents of the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1006 Dired buffer, based on changes in the files and directories listed.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1007 This preserves all marks except for those on files that have vanished.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1008 Hidden subdirectories are updated but remain hidden.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1009
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1010 @kindex l @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1011 @findex dired-do-redisplay
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1012 To update only some of the files, type @kbd{l}
37484
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
1013 (@code{dired-do-redisplay}). Like the Dired file-operating commands,
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
1014 this command operates on the next @var{n} files (or previous
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
1015 @minus{}@var{n} files), or on the marked files if any, or on the
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
1016 current file. Updating the files means reading their current status,
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
1017 then updating their lines in the buffer to indicate that status.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1018
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1019 If you use @kbd{l} on a subdirectory header line, it updates the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1020 contents of the corresponding subdirectory.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1021
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1022 @kindex k @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1023 @findex dired-do-kill-lines
37484
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
1024 To delete the specified @emph{file lines} from the buffer---not
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
1025 delete the files---type @kbd{k} (@code{dired-do-kill-lines}). Like
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
1026 the file-operating commands, this command operates on the next @var{n}
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
1027 files, or on the marked files if any; but it does not operate on the
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
1028 current file as a last resort.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1029
56469
5804f0d30b6e (Dired Updating): `k' only deletes inserted subdirectories from the
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56113
diff changeset
1030 If you use @kbd{k} with a numeric prefix argument to kill the line
5804f0d30b6e (Dired Updating): `k' only deletes inserted subdirectories from the
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56113
diff changeset
1031 for a file that is a directory, which you have inserted in the Dired
5804f0d30b6e (Dired Updating): `k' only deletes inserted subdirectories from the
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56113
diff changeset
1032 buffer as a subdirectory, then this deletes that subdirectory from the
5804f0d30b6e (Dired Updating): `k' only deletes inserted subdirectories from the
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56113
diff changeset
1033 buffer as well. Typing @kbd{C-u k} on the header line for a subdirectory
5804f0d30b6e (Dired Updating): `k' only deletes inserted subdirectories from the
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56113
diff changeset
1034 is another way to delete a subdirectory from the Dired buffer.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1035
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1036 The @kbd{g} command brings back any individual lines that you have
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1037 killed in this way, but not subdirectories---you must use @kbd{i} to
37484
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
1038 reinsert a subdirectory.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1039
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1040 @cindex Dired sorting
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1041 @cindex sorting Dired buffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1042 @kindex s @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1043 @findex dired-sort-toggle-or-edit
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1044 The files in a Dired buffers are normally listed in alphabetical order
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1045 by file names. Alternatively Dired can sort them by date/time. The
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1046 Dired command @kbd{s} (@code{dired-sort-toggle-or-edit}) switches
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1047 between these two sorting modes. The mode line in a Dired buffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1048 indicates which way it is currently sorted---by name, or by date.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1049
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1050 @kbd{C-u s @var{switches} @key{RET}} lets you specify a new value for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1051 @code{dired-listing-switches}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1052
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1053 @node Dired and Find
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1054 @section Dired and @code{find}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1055 @cindex @code{find} and Dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1056
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1057 You can select a set of files for display in a Dired buffer more
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1058 flexibly by using the @code{find} utility to choose the files.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1059
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1060 @findex find-name-dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1061 To search for files with names matching a wildcard pattern use
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1062 @kbd{M-x find-name-dired}. It reads arguments @var{directory} and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1063 @var{pattern}, and chooses all the files in @var{directory} or its
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1064 subdirectories whose individual names match @var{pattern}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1065
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1066 The files thus chosen are displayed in a Dired buffer in which the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1067 ordinary Dired commands are available.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1068
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1069 @findex find-grep-dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1070 If you want to test the contents of files, rather than their names,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1071 use @kbd{M-x find-grep-dired}. This command reads two minibuffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1072 arguments, @var{directory} and @var{regexp}; it chooses all the files in
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1073 @var{directory} or its subdirectories that contain a match for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1074 @var{regexp}. It works by running the programs @code{find} and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1075 @code{grep}. See also @kbd{M-x grep-find}, in @ref{Compilation}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1076 Remember to write the regular expression for @code{grep}, not for Emacs.
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
1077 (An alternative method of showing files whose contents match a given
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
1078 regexp is the @kbd{% g @var{regexp}} command, see @ref{Marks vs Flags}.)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1079
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1080 @findex find-dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1081 The most general command in this series is @kbd{M-x find-dired}, which
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1082 lets you specify any condition that @code{find} can test. It takes two
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1083 minibuffer arguments, @var{directory} and @var{find-args}; it runs
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1084 @code{find} in @var{directory}, passing @var{find-args} to tell
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1085 @code{find} what condition to test. To use this command, you need to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1086 know how to use @code{find}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1087
55780
54a65c8588e4 (Dired and Find): `find-ls-option' does not apply to `M-x locate'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 52576
diff changeset
1088 @vindex find-ls-option
54a65c8588e4 (Dired and Find): `find-ls-option' does not apply to `M-x locate'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 52576
diff changeset
1089 The format of listing produced by these commands is controlled by the
54a65c8588e4 (Dired and Find): `find-ls-option' does not apply to `M-x locate'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 52576
diff changeset
1090 variable @code{find-ls-option}, whose default value specifies using
54a65c8588e4 (Dired and Find): `find-ls-option' does not apply to `M-x locate'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 52576
diff changeset
1091 options @samp{-ld} for @code{ls}. If your listings are corrupted, you
54a65c8588e4 (Dired and Find): `find-ls-option' does not apply to `M-x locate'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 52576
diff changeset
1092 may need to change the value of this variable.
54a65c8588e4 (Dired and Find): `find-ls-option' does not apply to `M-x locate'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 52576
diff changeset
1093
36149
a1ff91eda21c Just a short xref for dired-x.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35056
diff changeset
1094 @findex locate
a1ff91eda21c Just a short xref for dired-x.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35056
diff changeset
1095 @findex locate-with-filter
a1ff91eda21c Just a short xref for dired-x.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35056
diff changeset
1096 @cindex file database (locate)
a1ff91eda21c Just a short xref for dired-x.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35056
diff changeset
1097 @vindex locate-command
38124
72ea86c1d394 Proofreading fixes from Tim Goodwin <tjg@star.le.ac.uk>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37993
diff changeset
1098 @kbd{M-x locate} provides a similar interface to the @code{locate}
38156
e46c555b62c8 Minor change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38124
diff changeset
1099 program. @kbd{M-x locate-with-filter} is similar, but keeps only lines
38124
72ea86c1d394 Proofreading fixes from Tim Goodwin <tjg@star.le.ac.uk>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37993
diff changeset
1100 matching a given regular expression.
36149
a1ff91eda21c Just a short xref for dired-x.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35056
diff changeset
1101
60791
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1102 These buffers don't work entirely like ordinary Dired buffers. File
56113
c4c0d60fa2da (Dired Enter): Mention conditions on `ls' switches.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56046
diff changeset
1103 operations work, but do not always automatically update the buffer.
c4c0d60fa2da (Dired Enter): Mention conditions on `ls' switches.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56046
diff changeset
1104 Reverting the buffer with @kbd{g} deletes all inserted subdirectories,
c4c0d60fa2da (Dired Enter): Mention conditions on `ls' switches.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56046
diff changeset
1105 and erases all flags and marks.
c4c0d60fa2da (Dired Enter): Mention conditions on `ls' switches.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56046
diff changeset
1106
61047
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1107 @node Wdired
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1108 @section Editing the Dired Buffer
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1109
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1110 @cindex wdired mode
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1111 @findex wdired-change-to-wdired-mode
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1112 Wdired is a special mode that allows you to perform file operations
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1113 by editing the Dired buffer directly (the ``W'' in ``Wdired'' stands
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1114 for ``writable''.) To enter Wdired mode, type @kbd{M-x
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1115 wdired-change-to-wdired-mode} while in a Dired buffer. Alternatively,
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1116 use @samp{Edit File Names} in the @samp{Immediate} menu bar menu.
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1117
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1118 @findex wdired-finish-edit
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1119 While in Wdired mode, you can rename files by editing the file names
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1120 displayed in the Dired buffer. All the ordinary Emacs editing
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1121 commands, including rectangle operations and @code{query-replace}, are
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1122 available for this. Once you are done editing, type @kbd{C-c C-c}
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1123 (@code{wdired-finish-edit}). This applies your changes and switches
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1124 back to ordinary Dired mode.
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1125
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1126 Apart from simply renaming files, you can move a file to another
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1127 directory by typing in the new file name (either absolute or
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1128 relative). To mark a file for deletion, delete the entire filename.
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1129 To change the target of a symbolic link, just edit the target name
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1130 displayed next to the link name.
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1131
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1132 The rest of the text in the buffer, such as the file sizes and
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1133 modification dates, is marked read-only, so you can't edit it.
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1134 However, if you set @code{wdired-allow-to-change-permissions} to
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1135 @code{t}, the file permission bits can also be edited. For example,
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1136 you can change @samp{-rw-r--r--} to @samp{-rw-rw-rw-} to make a file
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1137 world-writable. These changes also take effect when you type @kbd{C-c
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1138 C-c}.
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1139
60791
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1140 @node Misc Dired Features
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1141 @section Other Dired Features
52576
a90f7b4afc00 (Misc Dired Commands): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
1142
a90f7b4afc00 (Misc Dired Commands): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
1143 @cindex Adding to the kill ring in Dired.
58926
cf0908fe7bb0 (Dired Navigation): Add @r{(Dired)} to M-g.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents: 56469
diff changeset
1144 @kindex w @r{(Dired)}
52576
a90f7b4afc00 (Misc Dired Commands): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
1145 @findex dired-copy-filename-as-kill
60791
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1146 The @kbd{w} command (@code{dired-copy-filename-as-kill}) puts the
52576
a90f7b4afc00 (Misc Dired Commands): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
1147 names of the marked (or next @var{n}) files into the kill ring, as if
60791
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1148 you had killed them with @kbd{C-w}.
52576
a90f7b4afc00 (Misc Dired Commands): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
1149
60791
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1150 The main purpose of this command is so that you can yank the file
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1151 names into arguments for other Emacs commands. It also displays what
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1152 was pushed onto the kill ring, so you can use it to display the list
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1153 of currently marked files in the echo area. With a zero prefix
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1154 argument @var{n}=0, this uses the absolute file name of each marked
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1155 file. With just @kbd{C-u} as the prefix argument, it uses the
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1156 relative file name of each marked file. As a special case, if no
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1157 prefix argument is given and point is on a directory headerline,
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1158 @kbd{w} gives you the name of that directory without looking for
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1159 marked files.
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1160
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1161 On the X window system, Emacs supports the ``drag and drop''
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1162 protocol. You can drag a file object from another program, and drop
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1163 it onto a Dired buffer; this either moves, copies, or creates a link
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1164 to the file in that directory. Precisely which action is taken is
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1165 determined by the originating program. Dragging files out of a Dired
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1166 buffer is currently not supported.
52576
a90f7b4afc00 (Misc Dired Commands): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
1167
52401
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 46203
diff changeset
1168 @ignore
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 46203
diff changeset
1169 arch-tag: d105f9b9-fc1b-4c5f-a949-9b2cf3ca2fc1
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 46203
diff changeset
1170 @end ignore