Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/faq.texi @ 48183:06be0e8df068
(set-buffer-file-coding-system): Call
ucs-set-table-for-input.
author | Dave Love <fx@gnu.org> |
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date | Wed, 06 Nov 2002 23:34:58 +0000 |
parents | 0a70200bde27 |
children | 08b94ecd1d08 |
rev | line source |
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1 \input texinfo @c -*- coding: latin-1; mode: texinfo; -*- |
25474 | 2 @c %**start of header |
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3 @setfilename ../info/efaq |
25474 | 4 @settitle GNU Emacs FAQ |
5 @c %**end of header | |
6 | |
7 @setchapternewpage odd | |
8 | |
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9 @c This is used in many places |
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10 @set VER 21.3 |
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11 |
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12 @copying |
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13 Copyright 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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14 Copyright 1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000 Reuven M. Lerner@* |
28127 | 15 Copyright 1992,1993 Steven Byrnes@* |
16 Copyright 1990,1991,1992 Joseph Brian Wells@* | |
25474 | 17 |
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18 @quotation |
25474 | 19 This list of frequently asked questions about GNU Emacs with answers |
20 ("FAQ") may be translated into other languages, transformed into other | |
21 formats (e.g. Texinfo, Info, WWW, WAIS), and updated with new information. | |
22 | |
23 The same conditions apply to any derivative of the FAQ as apply to the FAQ | |
24 itself. Every copy of the FAQ must include this notice or an approved | |
25 translation, information on who is currently maintaining the FAQ and how to | |
26 contact them (including their e-mail address), and information on where the | |
27 latest version of the FAQ is archived (including FTP information). | |
28 | |
29 The FAQ may be copied and redistributed under these conditions, except that | |
30 the FAQ may not be embedded in a larger literary work unless that work | |
31 itself allows free copying and redistribution. | |
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32 |
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33 [This version has been somewhat edited from the last-posted version |
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34 (as of August 1999) for inclusion in the Emacs distribution.] |
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35 @end quotation |
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36 @end copying |
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37 |
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38 @dircategory Emacs |
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39 @direntry |
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40 * Emacs FAQ: (efaq). Frequently Asked Questions about Emacs. |
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41 @end direntry |
25474 | 42 |
43 @c The @titlepage stuff only appears in the printed version | |
44 @titlepage | |
45 @sp 10 | |
46 @center @titlefont{GNU Emacs FAQ} | |
47 | |
48 @c The following two commands start the copyright page. | |
49 @page | |
50 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll | |
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51 @insertcopying |
25474 | 52 @end titlepage |
53 | |
54 @node Top, FAQ notation, (dir), (dir) | |
55 | |
56 This is the GNU Emacs FAQ, last updated on @today{}. | |
57 | |
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58 The FAQ is maintained as a Texinfo document, allowing us to create HTML, |
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59 Info, and TeX documents from a single source file, and is slowly but |
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60 surely being improved. Please bear with us as we improve on this |
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61 format. If you have any suggestions or questions, please contact |
25474 | 62 @email{emacs-faq@@lerner.co.il, the FAQ maintainers}. |
63 | |
64 @menu | |
65 * FAQ notation:: | |
66 * General questions:: | |
67 * Getting help:: | |
68 * Status of Emacs:: | |
69 * Common requests:: | |
70 * Bugs and problems:: | |
71 * Compiling and installing Emacs:: | |
72 * Finding Emacs and related packages:: | |
73 * Major packages and programs:: | |
74 * Key bindings:: | |
75 * Alternate character sets:: | |
76 * Mail and news:: | |
77 * Concept index:: | |
78 @end menu | |
79 | |
80 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
81 @node FAQ notation, General questions, Top, Top | |
82 @chapter FAQ notation | |
83 @cindex FAQ notation | |
84 | |
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85 This chapter describes notation used in the GNU Emacs FAQ, as well as in |
25474 | 86 the Emacs documentation. Consult this section if this is the first time |
87 you are reading the FAQ, or if you are confused by notation or terms | |
88 used in the FAQ. | |
89 | |
90 @menu | |
91 * Basic keys:: | |
92 * Extended commands:: | |
93 * On-line manual:: | |
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94 * File-name conventions:: |
25474 | 95 * Common acronyms:: |
96 @end menu | |
97 | |
98 @node Basic keys, Extended commands, FAQ notation, FAQ notation | |
40705 | 99 @section What do these mean: @kbd{C-h}, @kbd{C-M-a}, @key{RET}, @kbd{@key{ESC} a}, etc.? |
25474 | 100 @cindex Basic keys |
101 @cindex Control key, notation for | |
102 @cindex @key{Meta} key, notation for | |
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103 @cindex Control-Meta characters, notation for |
25474 | 104 @cindex @kbd{C-h}, definition of |
40705 | 105 @cindex @kbd{C-M-h}, definition of |
25474 | 106 @cindex @key{DEL}, definition of |
107 @cindex @key{ESC}, definition of | |
108 @cindex @key{LFD}, definition of | |
109 @cindex @key{RET}, definition of | |
110 @cindex @key{SPC}, definition of | |
111 @cindex @key{TAB}, definition of | |
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112 @cindex Notation for keys |
25474 | 113 |
114 @itemize @bullet | |
115 | |
116 @item | |
117 @kbd{C-x}: press the @key{x} key while holding down the @key{Control} key | |
118 | |
119 @item | |
120 @kbd{M-x}: press the @key{x} key while holding down the @key{Meta} key | |
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121 (if your computer doesn't have a @key{Meta} key, @pxref{No Meta key}) |
25474 | 122 |
123 @item | |
124 @kbd{M-C-x}: press the @key{x} key while holding down both @key{Control} | |
125 and @key{Meta} | |
126 | |
127 @item | |
128 @kbd{C-M-x}: a synonym for the above | |
129 | |
130 @item | |
131 @key{LFD}: Linefeed or Newline; same as @kbd{C-j} | |
132 | |
133 @item | |
134 @key{RET}: @key{Return}, sometimes marked @key{Enter}; same as @kbd{C-m} | |
135 | |
136 @item | |
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137 @key{DEL}: @key{Delete}, usually @strong{not} the same as |
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138 @key{Backspace}; same as @kbd{C-?} (see @ref{Backspace invokes help}, if |
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139 deleting invokes Emacs help) |
25474 | 140 |
141 @item | |
142 @key{ESC}: Escape; same as @kbd{C-[} | |
143 | |
144 @item | |
145 @key{TAB}: Tab; same as @kbd{C-i} | |
146 | |
147 @item | |
148 @key{SPC}: Space bar | |
149 | |
150 @end itemize | |
151 | |
152 Key sequences longer than one key (and some single-key sequences) are | |
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153 written inside quotes or on lines by themselves, like this: |
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154 |
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155 @display |
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156 @kbd{M-x frobnicate-while-foo RET} |
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157 @end display |
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158 |
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159 @noindent |
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160 Any real spaces in such a key sequence should be ignored; only @key{SPC} |
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161 really means press the space key. |
25474 | 162 |
163 The ASCII code sent by @kbd{C-x} (except for @kbd{C-?}) is the value | |
164 that would be sent by pressing just @key{x} minus 96 (or 64 for | |
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165 upper-case @key{X}) and will be from 0 to 31. On Unix and GNU/Linux |
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166 terminals, the ASCII code sent by @kbd{M-x} is the sum of 128 and the |
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167 ASCII code that would be sent by pressing just @key{x}. Essentially, |
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168 @key{Control} turns off bits 5 and 6 and @key{Meta} turns on bit |
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169 7@footnote{ |
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170 DOS and Windows terminals don't set bit 7 when the @key{Meta} key is |
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171 pressed.}. |
25474 | 172 |
173 @kbd{C-?} (aka @key{DEL}) is ASCII code 127. It is a misnomer to call | |
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174 @kbd{C-?} a ``control'' key, since 127 has both bits 5 and 6 turned ON. |
25474 | 175 Also, on very few keyboards does @kbd{C-?} generate ASCII code 127. |
176 | |
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177 @inforef{Text Characters, Text Characters, emacs}, and @inforef{Keys, |
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178 Keys, emacs}, for more information. (@xref{On-line manual}, for more |
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179 information about Info.) |
25474 | 180 |
181 @node Extended commands, On-line manual, Basic keys, FAQ notation | |
182 @section What does @file{M-x @var{command}} mean? | |
183 @cindex Extended commands | |
184 @cindex Commands, extended | |
185 @cindex M-x, meaning of | |
186 | |
187 @kbd{M-x @var{command}} means type @kbd{M-x}, then type the name of the | |
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188 command, then type @key{RET}. (@xref{Basic keys}, if you're not sure |
25474 | 189 what @kbd{M-x} and @key{RET} mean.) |
190 | |
191 @kbd{M-x} (by default) invokes the command | |
192 @code{execute-extended-command}. This command allows you to run any | |
193 Emacs command if you can remember the command's name. If you can't | |
194 remember the command's name, you can type @key{TAB} and @key{SPC} for | |
195 completion, @key{?} for a list of possibilities, and @kbd{M-p} and | |
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196 @kbd{M-n} (or up-arrow and down-arrow on terminals that have these |
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197 editing keys) to see previous commands entered. An Emacs @dfn{command} |
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198 is an @dfn{interactive} Emacs function. |
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199 |
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200 @cindex @key{Do} key |
25474 | 201 Your system administrator may have bound other key sequences to invoke |
202 @code{execute-extended-command}. A function key labeled @kbd{Do} is a | |
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203 good candidate for this, on keyboards that have such a key. |
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204 |
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205 If you need to run non-interactive Emacs functions, see @ref{Evaluating |
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206 Emacs Lisp code}. |
25474 | 207 |
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208 @node On-line manual, File-name conventions, Extended commands, FAQ notation |
25474 | 209 @section How do I read topic XXX in the on-line manual? |
210 @cindex On-line manual, reading topics in | |
211 @cindex Reading topics in the on-line manual | |
212 @cindex Finding topics in the on-line manual | |
213 @cindex Info, finding topics in | |
214 | |
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215 When we refer you to some @var{topic} in the on-line manual, you can |
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216 read this manual node inside Emacs (assuming nothing is broken) by |
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217 typing @kbd{C-h i m emacs @key{RET} m @var{topic} @key{RET}}. |
25474 | 218 |
219 This invokes Info, the GNU hypertext documentation browser. If you don't | |
220 already know how to use Info, type @key{?} from within Info. | |
221 | |
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222 If we refer to @var{topic}:@var{subtopic}, type @kbd{C-h i m emacs |
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223 @key{RET} m @var{topic} @key{RET} m @var{subtopic} @key{RET}}. |
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224 |
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225 If these commands don't work as expected, your system administrator may |
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226 not have installed the Info files, or may have installed them |
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227 improperly. In this case you should complain. |
25474 | 228 |
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229 @xref{Getting a printed manual}, if you would like a paper copy of the |
25474 | 230 Emacs manual. |
231 | |
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232 @node File-name conventions, Common acronyms, On-line manual, FAQ notation |
25474 | 233 @section What are @file{etc/SERVICE}, @file{src/config.h}, and @file{lisp/default.el}? |
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234 @cindex File-name conventions |
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235 @cindex Conventions for file names |
25474 | 236 @cindex Directories and files that come with Emacs |
237 | |
238 These are files that come with Emacs. The Emacs distribution is divided | |
239 into subdirectories; the important ones are @file{etc}, @file{lisp}, and | |
240 @file{src}. | |
241 | |
242 If you use Emacs, but don't know where it is kept on your system, start | |
243 Emacs, then type @kbd{C-h v data-directory @key{RET}}. The directory | |
244 name displayed by this will be the full pathname of the installed | |
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245 @file{etc} directory. (This full path is recorded in the Emacs variable |
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246 @code{data-directory}, and @kbd{C-h v} displays the value and the |
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247 documentation of a variable.) |
25474 | 248 |
249 The location of your Info directory (i.e., where on-line documentation | |
250 is stored) is kept in the variable @code{Info-default-directory-list}. Use | |
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251 @kbd{C-h v Info-default-directory-list @key{RET}} to see the value of |
25474 | 252 this variable, which will be a list of directory names. The last |
253 directory in that list is probably where most Info files are stored. By | |
254 default, Info documentation is placed in @file{/usr/local/info}. | |
255 | |
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256 Some of these files are available individually via FTP or e-mail; see |
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257 @ref{Informational files for Emacs}. They all are available in the |
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258 source distribution. Many of the files in the @file{etc} directory are |
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259 also available via the Emacs @samp{Help} menu, or by typing @kbd{C-h ?} |
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260 (@kbd{M-x help-for-help}). |
25474 | 261 |
262 Your system administrator may have removed the @file{src} directory and | |
263 many files from the @file{etc} directory. | |
264 | |
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265 @node Common acronyms, , File-name conventions, FAQ notation |
25474 | 266 @section What are FSF, LPF, OSF, GNU, RMS, FTP, and GPL? |
267 @cindex FSF, definition of | |
268 @cindex LPF, definition of | |
269 @cindex OSF, definition of | |
270 @cindex GNU, definition of | |
271 @cindex RMS, definition of | |
272 @cindex Stallman, Richard, acronym for | |
273 @cindex Richard Stallman, acronym for | |
274 @cindex FTP, definition of | |
275 @cindex GPL, definition of | |
276 @cindex Acronyms, definitions for | |
277 @cindex Common acronyms, definitions for | |
278 | |
279 @table @asis | |
280 | |
281 @item FSF | |
282 Free Software Foundation | |
283 | |
284 @item LPF | |
285 League for Programming Freedom | |
286 | |
287 @item OSF | |
288 Open Software Foundation | |
289 | |
290 @item GNU | |
291 GNU's Not Unix | |
292 | |
293 @item RMS | |
294 Richard Matthew Stallman | |
295 | |
296 @item FTP | |
297 File Transfer Protocol | |
298 | |
299 @item GPL | |
300 GNU General Public License | |
301 | |
302 @end table | |
303 | |
304 Avoid confusing the FSF, the LPF, and the OSF. The LPF opposes | |
305 look-and-feel copyrights and software patents. The FSF aims to make | |
306 high quality free software available for everyone. The OSF is a | |
307 consortium of computer vendors which develops commercial software for | |
308 Unix systems. | |
309 | |
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310 The word ``free'' in the title of the Free Software Foundation refers to |
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311 ``freedom,'' not ``zero dollars.'' Anyone can charge any price for |
25474 | 312 GPL-covered software that they want to. However, in practice, the |
313 freedom enforced by the GPL leads to low prices, because you can always | |
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314 get the software for less money from someone else, since everyone has |
25474 | 315 the right to resell or give away GPL-covered software. |
316 | |
317 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
318 @node General questions, Getting help, FAQ notation, Top | |
319 @chapter General questions | |
320 @cindex General questions | |
321 | |
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322 This chapter contains general questions having to do with Emacs, the |
25474 | 323 Free Software Foundation, and related organizations. |
324 | |
325 @menu | |
326 * The LPF:: | |
327 * Real meaning of copyleft:: | |
328 * Guidelines for newsgroup postings:: | |
329 * Newsgroup archives:: | |
330 * Reporting bugs:: | |
331 * Unsubscribing from Emacs lists:: | |
332 * Contacting the FSF:: | |
333 @end menu | |
334 | |
335 @node The LPF, Real meaning of copyleft, General questions, General questions | |
336 @section What is the LPF? | |
337 @cindex LPF, description of | |
338 @cindex League for Programming Freedom | |
339 @cindex Software patents, opposition to | |
340 @cindex Patents for software, opposition to | |
341 | |
342 The LPF opposes the expanding danger of software patents and | |
343 look-and-feel copyrights. To get more information, feel free to contact | |
344 the LPF via e-mail or otherwise. You may also contact | |
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345 @email{jbw@@cs.bu.edu, Joe Wells}; he will be happy to talk to you |
25474 | 346 about the LPF. |
347 | |
348 You can find more information about the LPF in the file @file{etc/LPF}. | |
349 More papers describing the LPF's views are available on the Internet and | |
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350 also from @uref{http://lpf.ai.mit.edu/, the LPF home page}. |
25474 | 351 |
352 @node Real meaning of copyleft, Guidelines for newsgroup postings, The LPF, General questions | |
353 @section What is the real legal meaning of the GNU copyleft? | |
354 @cindex Copyleft, real meaning of | |
355 @cindex GPL, real meaning of | |
356 @cindex General Public License, real meaning of | |
357 @cindex Discussion of the GPL | |
358 | |
359 The real legal meaning of the GNU General Public License (copyleft) will | |
360 only be known if and when a judge rules on its validity and scope. | |
361 There has never been a copyright infringement case involving the GPL to | |
362 set any precedents. Please take any discussion regarding this issue to | |
363 the newsgroup @uref{news:gnu.misc.discuss}, which was created to hold the | |
364 extensive flame wars on the subject. | |
365 | |
366 RMS writes: | |
367 | |
368 @quotation | |
369 The legal meaning of the GNU copyleft is less important than the spirit, | |
370 which is that Emacs is a free software project and that work pertaining | |
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371 to Emacs should also be free software. ``Free'' means that all users |
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372 have the freedom to study, share, change and improve Emacs. To make |
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373 sure everyone has this freedom, pass along source code when you |
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374 distribute any version of Emacs or a related program, and give the |
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375 recipients the same freedom that you enjoyed. |
25474 | 376 @end quotation |
377 | |
378 @node Guidelines for newsgroup postings, Newsgroup archives, Real meaning of copyleft, General questions | |
379 @section What are appropriate messages for @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}, @uref{news:gnu.emacs.bug}, @uref{news:comp.emacs}, etc.? | |
380 @cindex Newsgroups, appropriate messages for | |
381 @cindex GNU newsgroups, appropriate messages for | |
382 @cindex Usenet groups, appropriate messages for | |
383 @cindex Mailing lists, appropriate messages for | |
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384 @cindex Posting messages to newsgroups |
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385 |
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386 @cindex GNU mailing lists |
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387 The file @file{etc/MAILINGLISTS} describes the purpose of each GNU |
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388 mailing list. (@xref{Informational files for Emacs}, if you want a copy |
25474 | 389 of the file.) For those lists which are gatewayed with newsgroups, it |
390 lists both the newsgroup name and the mailing list address. | |
391 | |
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392 The newsgroup @uref{news:comp.emacs} is for discussion of Emacs programs |
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393 in general. This includes Emacs along with various other |
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394 implementations, such as XEmacs, JOVE, MicroEmacs, Freemacs, MG, |
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395 Unipress, CCA, and Epsilon. |
25474 | 396 |
397 Many people post Emacs questions to @uref{news:comp.emacs} because they | |
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398 don't receive any of the @code{gnu.*} newsgroups. Arguments have been |
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399 made both for and against posting GNU-Emacs-specific material to |
25474 | 400 @uref{news:comp.emacs}. You have to decide for yourself. |
401 | |
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402 Messages advocating ``non-free'' software are considered unacceptable on |
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403 any of the @code{gnu.*} newsgroups except for @uref{news:gnu.misc.discuss}, |
25474 | 404 which was created to hold the extensive flame-wars on the subject. |
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405 ``Non-free'' software includes any software for which the end user can't |
25474 | 406 freely modify the source code and exchange enhancements. Be careful to |
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407 remove the @code{gnu.*} groups from the @samp{Newsgroups:} line when |
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408 posting a followup that recommends such software. |
25474 | 409 |
410 @uref{news:gnu.emacs.bug} is a place where bug reports appear, but avoid | |
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411 posting bug reports to this newsgroup directly (@pxref{Reporting bugs}). |
25474 | 412 |
413 @node Newsgroup archives, Reporting bugs, Guidelines for newsgroup postings, General questions | |
414 @section Where can I get old postings to @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help} and other GNU groups? | |
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415 @cindex Archived postings from @code{gnu.emacs.help} |
25474 | 416 @cindex Usenet archives for GNU groups |
417 @cindex Old Usenet postings for GNU groups | |
418 | |
419 The FSF has maintained archives of all of the GNU mailing lists for many | |
420 years, although there may be some unintentional gaps in coverage. The | |
421 archive is not particularly well organized or easy to retrieve | |
422 individual postings from, but pretty much everything is there. | |
423 | |
424 The archive is at @uref{ftp://ftp-mailing-list-archives.gnu.org}. | |
425 | |
426 As of this writing, the archives are not yet working. | |
427 | |
428 Web-based Usenet search services, such as | |
429 @uref{http://www.dejanews.com, DejaNews}, also archive the | |
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430 @code{gnu.*} groups. |
25474 | 431 |
432 @node Reporting bugs, Unsubscribing from Emacs lists, Newsgroup archives, General questions | |
433 @section Where should I report bugs and other problems with Emacs? | |
434 @cindex Bug reporting | |
435 @cindex Good bug reports | |
436 @cindex How to submit a bug report | |
437 @cindex Reporting bugs | |
438 | |
439 The correct way to report Emacs bugs is by e-mail to | |
440 @email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org}. Anything sent here also appears in the | |
441 newsgroup @uref{news:gnu.emacs.bug}, but please use e-mail instead of | |
442 news to submit the bug report. This ensures a reliable return address | |
443 so you can be contacted for further details. | |
444 | |
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445 Be sure to read the ``Bugs'' section of the Emacs manual before reporting |
25474 | 446 a bug to bug-gnu-emacs! The manual describes in detail how to submit a |
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447 useful bug report. (@xref{On-line manual}, if you don't know how to read the |
25474 | 448 manual.) |
449 | |
450 RMS says: | |
451 | |
452 @quotation | |
453 Sending bug reports to @email{help-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} (which has the | |
454 effect of posting on @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}) is undesirable because | |
455 it takes the time of an unnecessarily large group of people, most of | |
456 whom are just users and have no idea how to fix these problem. | |
457 @email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} reaches a much smaller group of people | |
458 who are more likely to know what to do and have expressed a wish to | |
459 receive more messages about Emacs than the others. | |
460 @end quotation | |
461 | |
462 RMS says it is sometimes fine to post to @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}: | |
463 | |
464 @quotation | |
465 If you have reported a bug and you don't hear about a possible fix, | |
466 then after a suitable delay (such as a week) it is okay to post on | |
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467 @code{gnu.emacs.help} asking if anyone can help you. |
25474 | 468 @end quotation |
469 | |
470 If you are unsure whether you have found a bug, consider the following | |
471 non-exhaustive list, courtesy of RMS: | |
472 | |
473 @quotation | |
474 If Emacs crashes, that is a bug. If Emacs gets compilation errors | |
475 while building, that is a bug. If Emacs crashes while building, that | |
476 is a bug. If Lisp code does not do what the documentation says it | |
477 does, that is a bug. | |
478 @end quotation | |
479 | |
480 @node Unsubscribing from Emacs lists, Contacting the FSF, Reporting bugs, General questions | |
481 @section How do I unsubscribe from this mailing list? | |
482 @cindex Unsubscribing from GNU mailing lists | |
483 @cindex Removing yourself from GNU mailing lists | |
484 | |
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485 If you are receiving a GNU mailing list named @var{list}, you might be |
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486 able to unsubscribe from it by sending a request to the address |
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487 @email{@var{list}-request@@gnu.org}. However, this will not work if you are |
25474 | 488 not listed on the main mailing list, but instead receive the mail from a |
489 distribution point. In that case, you will have to track down at which | |
490 distribution point you are listed. Inspecting the @samp{Received} headers | |
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491 on the mail messages may help, along with liberal use of the @samp{EXPN} or |
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492 @samp{VRFY} sendmail commands through @samp{telnet @var{site-address} |
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493 smtp}. Ask your postmaster for help, if you cannot figure out these |
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494 details. |
25474 | 495 |
496 @node Contacting the FSF, , Unsubscribing from Emacs lists, General questions | |
497 @section What is the current address of the FSF? | |
498 @cindex Snail mail address of the FSF | |
499 @cindex Postal address of the FSF | |
500 @cindex Contracting the FSF | |
501 @cindex Free Software Foundation, contacting | |
502 | |
503 @table @asis | |
504 | |
505 @item E-mail | |
506 gnu@@gnu.org | |
507 | |
508 @item Telephone | |
509 +1-617-542-5942 | |
510 | |
511 @item Fax | |
512 +1-617-542-2652 | |
513 | |
514 @item World Wide Web | |
515 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/} | |
516 | |
517 @item Postal address | |
518 Free Software Foundation@* | |
519 59 Temple Place - Suite 330@* | |
520 Boston, MA 02111-1307@* | |
521 USA@* | |
522 | |
523 @end table | |
524 | |
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525 @cindex Ordering GNU software |
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526 For details on how to order items directly from the FSF, see the |
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527 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site}, and also the |
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528 files @file{etc/ORDERS}, @file{ORDERS.EUROPE}, and @file{ORDERS.JAPAN}. |
25474 | 529 |
530 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
531 @node Getting help, Status of Emacs, General questions, Top | |
532 @chapter Getting help | |
533 @cindex Getting help | |
534 | |
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535 This chapter tells you how to get help with Emacs |
25474 | 536 |
537 @menu | |
538 * Basic editing:: | |
539 * Learning how to do something:: | |
540 * Getting a printed manual:: | |
541 * Emacs Lisp documentation:: | |
542 * Installing Texinfo documentation:: | |
543 * Printing a Texinfo file:: | |
544 * Viewing Info files outside of Emacs:: | |
545 * Informational files for Emacs:: | |
546 * Help installing Emacs:: | |
547 * Obtaining the FAQ:: | |
548 @end menu | |
549 | |
550 @node Basic editing, Learning how to do something, Getting help, Getting help | |
551 @section I'm just starting Emacs; how do I do basic editing? | |
552 @cindex Basic editing with Emacs | |
553 @cindex Beginning editing | |
554 @cindex Tutorial, invoking the | |
555 @cindex Self-paced tutorial, invoking the | |
556 @cindex Help system, entering the | |
557 | |
558 Type @kbd{C-h t} to invoke the self-paced tutorial. Just typing @kbd{C-h} | |
559 enters the help system. | |
560 | |
561 Your system administrator may have changed @kbd{C-h} to act like | |
562 @key{DEL} to deal with local keyboards. You can use @kbd{M-x | |
563 help-for-help} instead to invoke help. To discover what key (if any) | |
564 invokes help on your system, type @kbd{M-x where-is @key{RET} | |
565 help-for-help @key{RET}}. This will print a comma-separated list of key | |
566 sequences in the echo area. Ignore the last character in each key | |
567 sequence listed. Each of the resulting key sequences invokes help. | |
568 | |
569 Emacs help works best if it is invoked by a single key whose value | |
570 should be stored in the variable @code{help-char}. | |
571 | |
572 There is also a WWW-based tutorial for Emacs 18, much of which is also | |
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573 relevant for later versions of Emacs, available at |
25474 | 574 |
575 @uref{http://kufacts.cc.ukans.edu/cwis/writeups/misc/emacsguide.html} | |
576 | |
577 @node Learning how to do something, Getting a printed manual, Basic editing, Getting help | |
578 @section How do I find out how to do something in Emacs? | |
579 @cindex Help for Emacs | |
580 @cindex Learning to do something in Emacs | |
581 @cindex Reference card for Emacs | |
582 @cindex Overview of help systems | |
583 | |
584 There are several methods for finding out how to do things in Emacs. | |
585 | |
586 @itemize @bullet | |
587 | |
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588 @cindex Reading the Emacs manual |
25474 | 589 @item |
590 The complete text of the Emacs manual is available on-line via the Info | |
591 hypertext reader. Type @kbd{C-h i} to invoke Info. Typing @key{h} | |
592 immediately after entering Info will provide a short tutorial on how to | |
593 use it. | |
594 | |
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595 @cindex Lookup a subject in a manual |
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596 @cindex Index search in a manual |
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597 @item |
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598 To quickly locate the section of the manual which discusses a certain |
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599 issue, or describes a command or a variable, type @kbd{C-h i m emacs |
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600 @key{RET} i @var{topic} @key{RET}}, where @var{topic} is the name of the |
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601 topic, the command, or the variable which you are looking for. If this |
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602 does not land you on the right place in the manual, press @kbd{,} |
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603 (comma) repeatedly until you find what you need. (The @kbd{i} and |
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604 @kbd{,} keys invoke the index-searching functions, which look for the |
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605 @var{topic} you type in all the indices of the Emacs manual.) |
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606 |
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607 @cindex Apropos |
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608 @item |
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609 You can list all of the commands whose names contain a certain word |
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610 (actually which match a regular expression) using @kbd{C-h a} (@kbd{M-x |
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611 command-apropos}). |
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612 |
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613 @cindex Command description in the manual |
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614 @item |
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615 The command @kbd{C-h C-f} (@code{Info-goto-emacs-command-node}) prompts |
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616 for the name of a command, and then attempts to find the section in the |
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617 Emacs manual where that command is described. |
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618 |
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619 @cindex Finding commands and variables |
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620 @item |
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621 You can list all of the functions and variables whose names contain a |
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622 certain word using @kbd{M-x apropos}. |
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623 |
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624 @item |
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625 You can list all of the functions and variables whose documentation |
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626 matches a regular expression or a string, using @kbd{M-x |
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627 apropos-documentation}. |
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628 |
25474 | 629 @item |
630 You can order a hardcopy of the manual from the FSF. @xref{Getting a | |
631 printed manual}. | |
632 | |
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633 @cindex Reference cards, in other languages |
25474 | 634 @item |
635 You can get a printed reference card listing commands and keys to | |
636 invoke them. You can order one from the FSF for $1 (or 10 for $5), | |
637 or you can print your own from the @file{etc/refcard.tex} or | |
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638 @file{etc/refcard.ps} files in the Emacs distribution. Beginning with |
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639 version 21.1, the Emacs distribution comes with translations of the |
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640 reference card into several languages; look for files named |
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641 @file{etc/@var{lang}-refcard.*}, where @var{lang} is a two-letter code |
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642 of the language. For example, the German version of the reference card |
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643 is in the files @file{etc/de-refcard.tex} and @file{etc/de-refcard.ps}. |
25474 | 644 |
645 @item | |
646 There are many other commands in Emacs for getting help and | |
647 information. To get a list of these commands, type @samp{?} after | |
648 @kbd{C-h}. | |
649 | |
650 @end itemize | |
651 | |
652 @node Getting a printed manual, Emacs Lisp documentation, Learning how to do something, Getting help | |
653 @section How do I get a printed copy of the Emacs manual? | |
654 @cindex Printed Emacs manual, obtaining | |
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655 @cindex Manual, obtaining a printed or HTML copy of |
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656 @cindex Emacs manual, obtaining a printed or HTML copy of |
25474 | 657 |
658 You can order a printed copy of the Emacs manual from the FSF. For | |
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659 details see the @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site} |
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660 and the file @file{etc/ORDERS}. |
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661 |
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662 @c The number 620 below is version-dependent! |
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663 The full Texinfo source for the manual also comes in the @file{man} |
25474 | 664 directory of the Emacs distribution, if you're daring enough to try to |
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665 print out this 620-page manual yourself (@pxref{Printing a Texinfo |
25474 | 666 file}). |
667 | |
668 If you absolutely have to print your own copy, and you don't have @TeX{}, | |
669 you can get a PostScript version from | |
670 | |
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671 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/manual/emacs/ps/emacs.ps.gz} |
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672 |
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673 @cindex HTML version of Emacs manual, obtaining |
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674 An HTML version of the manual is at |
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675 |
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676 @uref{www.gnu.org/manual/emacs/index.html} |
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677 |
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678 @xref{Learning how to do something}, for how to view the manual on-line. |
25474 | 679 |
680 @node Emacs Lisp documentation, Installing Texinfo documentation, Getting a printed manual, Getting help | |
681 @section Where can I get documentation on Emacs Lisp? | |
682 @cindex Documentation on Emacs Lisp | |
683 @cindex Function documentation | |
684 @cindex Variable documentation | |
685 @cindex Emacs Lisp Reference Manual | |
686 @cindex Reference manual for Emacs Lisp | |
687 | |
688 Within Emacs, you can type @kbd{C-h f} to get the documentation for a | |
689 function, @kbd{C-h v} for a variable. | |
690 | |
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691 For more information, obtain the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. Details |
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692 on ordering it from FSF are on the |
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693 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site} and in the file |
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694 @file{etc/ORDERS}. |
25474 | 695 |
696 The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is also available on-line, in Info | |
697 format. Texinfo source for the manual (along with pregenerated Info | |
698 files) is available at | |
699 | |
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700 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-manual-21-2.6.tar.gz} |
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|
701 |
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702 and all mirrors of @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (for a list, @pxref{Current GNU |
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|
703 distributions}). @xref{Installing Texinfo documentation}, if you want |
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704 to install the Info files, or @ref{Printing a Texinfo file}, if you want |
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705 to use the Texinfo source to print the manual yourself. |
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|
706 |
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707 An HTML version of the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is available at |
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|
708 |
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709 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/manual/elisp-manual-21-2.6/elisp.html} |
25474 | 710 |
711 @node Installing Texinfo documentation, Printing a Texinfo file, Emacs Lisp documentation, Getting help | |
712 @section How do I install a piece of Texinfo documentation? | |
713 @cindex Texinfo documentation, installing | |
714 @cindex Installing Texinfo documentation | |
715 @cindex New Texinfo files, installing | |
716 @cindex Documentation, installing new Texinfo files | |
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717 @cindex Info files, how to install |
25474 | 718 |
719 First, you must turn the Texinfo files into Info files. You may do this | |
720 using the stand-alone @file{makeinfo} program, available as part of the latest | |
721 Texinfo package at | |
722 | |
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723 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/texinfo/texinfo-4.0.tar.gz} |
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|
724 |
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725 and all mirrors of @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (for a list, @pxref{Current GNU |
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726 distributions}). |
25474 | 727 |
728 For information about the Texinfo format, read the Texinfo manual which | |
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729 comes with the Texinfo package. This manual also comes installed in |
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|
730 Info format, so you can read it on-line; type @kbd{C-h i m texinfo |
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|
731 @key{RET}}. |
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|
732 |
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|
733 Alternatively, you could use the Emacs command @kbd{M-x |
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|
734 texinfo-format-buffer}, after visiting the Texinfo source file of the |
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735 manual you want to convert. |
25474 | 736 |
737 Neither @code{texinfo-format-buffer} nor @file{makeinfo} installs the | |
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738 resulting Info files in Emacs's Info tree. To install Info files, |
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|
739 perform these steps: |
25474 | 740 |
741 @enumerate | |
34741
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|
742 @item |
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|
743 Move the files to the @file{info} directory in the installed Emacs |
36383
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744 distribution. @xref{File-name conventions}, if you don't know where that |
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|
745 is. |
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|
746 |
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|
747 @item |
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748 Run the @code{install-info} command, which is part of the Texinfo |
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|
749 distribution, to update the main Info directory menu, like this: |
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|
750 |
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|
751 @example |
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|
752 install-info --info-dir=@var{dir-path} @var{dir-path}/@var{file} |
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753 @end example |
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754 |
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755 @noindent |
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756 where @var{dir-path} is the full path to the directory where you copied |
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757 the produced Info file(s), and @var{file} is the name of the Info file |
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758 you produced and want to install. |
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|
759 |
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760 If you don't have the @code{install-info} command installed, you can |
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761 edit the file @file{info/dir} in the installed Emacs distribution, and |
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762 add a line for the top level node in the Info package that you are |
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763 installing. Follow the examples already in this file. The format is: |
25474 | 764 |
765 @example | |
766 * Topic: (relative-pathname). Short description of topic. | |
767 @end example | |
768 | |
769 @end enumerate | |
770 | |
771 If you want to install Info files and you don't have the necessary | |
772 privileges, you have several options: | |
773 | |
774 @itemize @bullet | |
775 @item | |
776 Info files don't actually need to be installed before being used. You | |
777 can feed a file name to the @code{Info-goto-node} command (invoked by | |
778 pressing @key{g} in Info mode) by typing the name of the file in | |
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779 parentheses. This goes to the node named ``Top'' in that file. For |
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780 example, to view a Info file named @file{@var{info-file}} in your home |
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781 directory, you can type this: |
25474 | 782 |
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783 @example |
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784 @kbd{C-h i g (~/@var{info-file}) @key{RET}} |
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785 @end example |
25474 | 786 |
787 @item | |
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788 You can create your own Info directory. You can tell Emacs where that |
25474 | 789 Info directory is by adding its pathname to the value of the variable |
790 @code{Info-default-directory-list}. For example, to use a private Info | |
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791 directory which is a subdirectory of your home directory named @file{Info}, |
25474 | 792 you could put this in your @file{.emacs} file: |
793 | |
794 @lisp | |
795 (setq Info-default-directory-list | |
796 (cons "~/Info" Info-default-directory-list)) | |
797 @end lisp | |
798 | |
799 You will need a top-level Info file named @file{dir} in this directory | |
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800 which has everything the system @file{dir} file has in it, except it should |
25474 | 801 list only entries for Info files in that directory. You might not need |
802 it if all files in this directory were referenced by other @file{dir} | |
803 files. The node lists from all @file{dir} files in | |
804 @code{Info-default-directory-list} are merged by the Info system. | |
805 | |
806 @end itemize | |
807 | |
808 @node Printing a Texinfo file, Viewing Info files outside of Emacs, Installing Texinfo documentation, Getting help | |
809 @section How do I print a Texinfo file? | |
810 @cindex Printing a Texinfo file | |
811 @cindex Texinfo file, printing | |
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812 @cindex Printing documentation |
25474 | 813 |
814 You can't get nicely printed output from Info files; you must still have | |
815 the original Texinfo source file for the manual you want to print. | |
816 | |
817 Assuming you have @TeX{} installed on your system, follow these steps: | |
818 | |
819 @enumerate | |
820 | |
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821 @item |
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822 Make sure the first line of the Texinfo file looks like this: |
25474 | 823 |
824 @example | |
825 \input texinfo | |
826 @end example | |
827 | |
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828 You may need to change @samp{texinfo} to the full pathname of the |
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829 @file{texinfo.tex} file, which comes with Emacs as |
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830 @file{man/texinfo.tex} (or copy or link it into the current directory). |
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831 |
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832 @item |
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833 Type @kbd{texi2dvi @var{texinfo-source}}, where @var{texinfo-source} is |
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834 the name of the Texinfo source file for which you want to produce a |
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|
835 printed copy. |
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|
836 |
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837 The @samp{texi2dvi} script is part of the GNU Texinfo distribution |
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838 (@pxref{Installing Texinfo documentation}). |
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|
839 |
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|
840 @item |
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841 Print the DVI file @file{@var{texinfo-source}.dvi} in the normal way for |
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842 printing DVI files at your site. For example, if you have a PostScript |
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843 printer, run the @code{dvips} program to print the DVI file on that |
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844 printer. |
25474 | 845 |
846 @end enumerate | |
847 | |
848 To get more general instructions, retrieve the latest Texinfo package | |
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849 (@pxref{Installing Texinfo documentation}). |
25474 | 850 |
851 @node Viewing Info files outside of Emacs, Informational files for Emacs, Printing a Texinfo file, Getting help | |
852 @section Can I view Info files without using Emacs? | |
853 @cindex Viewing Info files | |
854 @cindex Info file viewers | |
855 @cindex Alternative Info file viewers | |
856 | |
857 Yes. Here are some alternative programs: | |
858 | |
859 @itemize @bullet | |
860 | |
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861 @item |
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862 @code{info}, a stand-alone version of the Info program, comes as part of |
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863 the Texinfo package. @xref{Installing Texinfo documentation}, for |
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|
864 details. |
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|
865 |
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|
866 @item |
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867 Xinfo, a stand-alone version of the Info program that runs under X |
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868 Window system. You can get it at |
25474 | 869 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/xinfo/xinfo-1.01.01.tar.gz} and all |
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870 mirrors of @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (see @ref{Current GNU distributions}, for a |
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|
871 list of mirrors). |
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|
872 |
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|
873 @item |
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874 Tkinfo, an Info viewer that runs under X Window system and uses Tcl/Tk. |
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875 You can get Tkinfo at |
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876 @uref{http://math-www.uni-paderborn.de/~axel/tkinfo/}. |
25474 | 877 |
878 @end itemize | |
879 | |
880 @node Informational files for Emacs, Help installing Emacs, Viewing Info files outside of Emacs, Getting help | |
881 @section What informational files are available for Emacs? | |
882 @cindex Informational files included with Emacs | |
883 @cindex Files included with Emacs | |
884 @cindex @file{COPYING}, description of file | |
885 @cindex @file{DISTRIB}, description of file | |
886 @cindex @file{FTP}, description of file | |
887 @cindex @file{GNU}, description of file | |
888 @cindex @file{INTERVIEW}, description of file | |
889 @cindex @file{LPF}, description of file | |
890 @cindex @file{MACHINES}, description of file | |
891 @cindex @file{MAILINGLISTS}, description of file | |
892 @cindex @file{NEWS}, description of file | |
893 @cindex @file{SERVICE}, description of file | |
894 @cindex @file{SUN-SUPPORT}, description of file | |
895 | |
896 This isn't a frequently asked question, but it should be! A variety of | |
897 informational files about Emacs and relevant aspects of the GNU project | |
898 are available for you to read. | |
899 | |
900 The following files are available in the @file{etc} directory of the | |
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901 Emacs distribution (see @ref{File-name conventions}, if you're not sure |
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902 where that is). |
25474 | 903 |
904 @table @file | |
905 | |
906 @item COPYING | |
907 Emacs General Public License | |
908 | |
909 @item DISTRIB | |
910 Emacs Availability Information, including the popular "Free Software | |
911 Foundation Order Form" | |
912 | |
913 @item FTP | |
914 How to get GNU Software by Internet FTP or by UUCP | |
915 | |
916 @item GNU | |
917 The GNU Manifesto | |
918 | |
919 @item INTERVIEW | |
920 Richard Stallman discusses his public-domain UNIX-compatible software | |
921 system with BYTE editors | |
922 | |
923 @item LPF | |
924 Why you should join the League for Programming Freedom | |
925 | |
926 @item MACHINES | |
927 Status of Emacs on Various Machines and Systems | |
928 | |
929 @item MAILINGLISTS | |
930 GNU Project Electronic Mailing Lists | |
931 | |
932 @item NEWS | |
34741
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933 Emacs news, a history of recent user-visible changes |
25474 | 934 |
935 @item SERVICE | |
936 GNU Service Directory | |
937 | |
938 @item SUN-SUPPORT | |
939 including "Using Emacstool with GNU Emacs" | |
940 | |
941 @end table | |
942 | |
943 Latest versions of the above files also available at | |
944 | |
945 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/} | |
946 | |
34741
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947 More GNU information, including back issues of the @cite{GNU's |
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948 Bulletin}, are at |
25474 | 949 |
950 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/bulletins/bulletins.html} and | |
951 | |
952 @uref{http://www.cs.pdx.edu/~trent/gnu/gnu.html} | |
953 | |
954 @node Help installing Emacs, Obtaining the FAQ, Informational files for Emacs, Getting help | |
955 @section Where can I get help in installing Emacs? | |
956 @cindex Installation help | |
957 @cindex Help installing Emacs | |
958 | |
34741
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959 @xref{Installing Emacs}, for some basic installation hints, and see |
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960 @ref{Problems building Emacs}, or @ref{Linking with -lX11 fails}, if you |
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961 have problems with the installation. |
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962 |
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963 The file @file{etc/SERVICE} (see @ref{File-name conventions}, if you're |
34741
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964 not sure where that is) lists companies and individuals willing to sell |
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965 you help in installing or using Emacs. An up-to-date version this file |
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966 is available on @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (@pxref{Informational files for |
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967 Emacs}). |
25474 | 968 |
969 @node Obtaining the FAQ, , Help installing Emacs, Getting help | |
970 @section Where can I get the latest version of this FAQ? | |
971 @cindex FAQ, obtaining the | |
972 @cindex Latest FAQ version, obtaining the | |
973 @cindex Retrieving the latest FAQ version | |
974 @cindex E-mail, retrieving the FAQ via | |
975 @cindex Web, reading the FAQ on the | |
976 | |
977 The Emacs FAQ is available in several ways: | |
978 | |
979 @itemize @bullet | |
980 | |
981 @item | |
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982 Inside of Emacs itself. You can get it from selecting the @samp{Emacs |
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983 FAQ} option from the @samp{Help} menu of the Emacs menu bar at the top |
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984 of any Emacs frame, or by typing @kbd{C-h F} (@kbd{M-x view-emacs-FAQ}). |
25474 | 985 |
986 @item | |
987 Via USENET. If you can read news, the FAQ should be available in your | |
988 news spool, in both the @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help} and | |
989 @uref{news:comp.emacs} newsgroups. Every news reader should allow you | |
990 to read any news article that is still in the news spool, even if you | |
991 have read the article before. You may need to read the instructions for | |
992 your news reader to discover how to do this. In @file{rn}, this command | |
993 will do this for you at the article selection level: | |
994 | |
995 @example | |
996 ?GNU Emacs Frequently Asked Questions?rc:m | |
997 @end example | |
998 | |
999 In Gnus, you should type @kbd{C-u C-x C-s} from the @file{*Summary*} | |
1000 buffer or @kbd{C-u @key{SPC}} from the @file{*Newsgroup*} buffer to view | |
1001 all articles in a newsgroup. | |
1002 | |
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1003 If the FAQ articles have expired and have been deleted from your news |
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1004 spool, it might (or might not) do some good to complain to your news |
25474 | 1005 administrator, because the most recent FAQ should not expire for a |
1006 while. | |
1007 | |
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1008 @item |
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1009 Via HTTP or FTP. You can always fetch the latest FAQ from |
25474 | 1010 |
1011 @uref{http://www.lerner.co.il/emacs/} and | |
1012 | |
1013 @uref{ftp://ftp.lerner.co.il/pub/emacs/} | |
1014 | |
1015 @item | |
1016 In the Emacs distribution. Since Emacs 18.56, the FAQ at the time | |
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|
1017 of release has been part of the Emacs distribution as either |
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|
1018 @file{etc/FAQ} or @file{man/faq.texi} (@pxref{File-name conventions}). |
25474 | 1019 |
1020 @item | |
1021 Via the World Wide Web. A hypertext version is available at | |
1022 | |
1023 @uref{http://www.lerner.co.il/emacs/} | |
1024 | |
1025 @item | |
1026 Via anonymous ftp and e-mail from @file{rtfm.mit.edu} (and its mirror in | |
1027 Europe), the main repository for FAQs and other items posted to | |
1028 news.answers. The Emacs FAQs are available at | |
1029 | |
1030 @uref{ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.emacs/} and | |
1031 | |
1032 @uref{ftp://ftp.uni-paderborn.de/pub/doc/FAQ/comp/emacs/} | |
1033 | |
1034 If you do not have access to anonymous FTP, you can access the archives | |
1035 using the @file{rtfm.mit.edu} mail server. The Emacs FAQ can be | |
1036 retrieved by sending mail to @email{mail-server@@rtfm.mit.edu} with a | |
1037 blank subject and containing | |
1038 | |
1039 @example | |
1040 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/diffs | |
1041 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part1 | |
1042 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part2 | |
1043 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part3 | |
1044 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part4 | |
1045 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part5 | |
1046 @end example | |
1047 | |
1048 For more information, send email to @email{mail-server@@rtfm.mit.edu} | |
1049 with "help" and "index" in the body on separate lines. | |
1050 | |
1051 @item | |
1052 As the very last resort, you can e-mail a request to | |
1053 @email{emacs-faq@@lerner.co.il}. Don't do this unless you have made a | |
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1054 good-faith effort to obtain the FAQ list via one of the methods listed |
25474 | 1055 above. |
1056 | |
1057 @end itemize | |
1058 | |
1059 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
1060 @node Status of Emacs, Common requests, Getting help, Top | |
1061 @chapter Status of Emacs | |
1062 @cindex Status of Emacs | |
1063 | |
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1064 This chapter gives you basic information about Emacs, including its |
25474 | 1065 latest version status. |
1066 | |
1067 @menu | |
1068 * Origin of the term Emacs:: | |
1069 * Latest version of Emacs:: | |
1070 * New in Emacs 20:: | |
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1071 * New in Emacs 21:: |
25474 | 1072 @end menu |
1073 | |
1074 @node Origin of the term Emacs, Latest version of Emacs, Status of Emacs, Status of Emacs | |
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1075 @section Where does the name ``Emacs'' come from? |
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1076 @cindex Origin of the term ``Emacs'' |
25474 | 1077 @cindex Emacs name origin |
1078 @cindex TECO | |
1079 @cindex Original version of Emacs | |
1080 | |
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1081 Emacs originally was an acronym for Editor MACroS. RMS says he ``picked |
25474 | 1082 the name Emacs because @key{E} was not in use as an abbreviation on ITS at |
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1083 the time.'' The first Emacs was a set of macros written in 1976 at MIT |
25474 | 1084 by RMS for the editor TECO (Text Editor and COrrector, originally Tape |
1085 Editor and COrrector) under ITS on a PDP-10. RMS had already extended | |
34741
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1086 TECO with a ``real-time'' full-screen mode with reprogrammable keys. |
25474 | 1087 Emacs was started by @email{gls@@east.sun.com, Guy Steele} as a project |
1088 to unify the many divergent TECO command sets and key bindings at MIT, | |
1089 and completed by RMS. | |
1090 | |
1091 Many people have said that TECO code looks a lot like line noise; you | |
1092 can read more at @uref{news:alt.lang.teco}. Someone has written a TECO | |
34741
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1093 implementation in Emacs Lisp (to find it, see @ref{Packages that do not |
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1094 come with Emacs}); it would be an interesting project to run the |
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1095 original TECO Emacs inside of Emacs. |
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|
1096 |
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1097 @cindex Why Emacs? |
25474 | 1098 For some not-so-serious alternative reasons for Emacs to have that |
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Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
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1099 name, check out the file @file{etc/JOKES} (@pxref{File-name |
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1100 conventions}). |
25474 | 1101 |
1102 @node Latest version of Emacs, New in Emacs 20, Origin of the term Emacs, Status of Emacs | |
1103 @section What is the latest version of Emacs? | |
1104 @cindex Version, latest | |
34741
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1105 @cindex Latest version of Emacs |
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1106 |
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1107 Emacs @value{VER} is the current version as of this writing. |
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1108 |
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1109 @node New in Emacs 20, New in Emacs 21, Latest version of Emacs, Status of Emacs |
25474 | 1110 @section What is different about Emacs 20? |
1111 @cindex Differences between Emacs 19 and Emacs 20 | |
1112 @cindex Emacs 20, new features in | |
1113 | |
1114 To find out what has changed in recent versions, type @kbd{C-h n} | |
1115 (@kbd{M-x view-emacs-news}). The oldest changes are at the bottom of | |
1116 the file, so you might want to read it starting there, rather than at | |
1117 the top. | |
1118 | |
1119 The differences between Emacs versions 18 and 19 was rather dramatic; | |
1120 the introduction of frames, faces, and colors on windowing systems was | |
1121 obvious to even the most casual user. | |
1122 | |
1123 There are differences between Emacs versions 19 and 20 as well, but many | |
1124 are more subtle or harder to find. Among the changes are the inclusion | |
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1125 of MULE code for languages that use non-Latin characters and for mixing |
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1126 several languages in the same document; the ``Customize'' facility for |
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1127 modifying variables without having to use Lisp; and automatic conversion |
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1128 of files from Macintosh, Microsoft, and Unix platforms. |
25474 | 1129 |
1130 A number of older Lisp packages, such as Gnus, Supercite and the | |
1131 calendar/diary, have been updated and enhanced to work with Emacs 20, | |
1132 and are now included with the standard distribution. | |
1133 | |
1134 | |
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1135 @node New in Emacs 21, , New in Emacs 20, Status of Emacs |
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1136 @section What is different about Emacs 21? |
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1137 @cindex Differences between Emacs 20 and Emacs 21 |
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1138 @cindex Emacs 21, new features in |
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1139 @cindex Recently introduced features |
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1140 |
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|
1141 @cindex Variable-size fonts |
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1142 @cindex Toolbar support |
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1143 Emacs 21 features a thorough rewrite of the display engine. The new |
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1144 display engine supports variable-size fonts, images, and can play sounds |
46918
82d113655734
Minor spelling and grammar corrections.
Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com>
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1145 on platforms which support that. As a result, the visual appearance of |
34741
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1146 Emacs, when it runs on a windowed display, is much more reminiscent of |
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1147 modern GUI programs, and includes 3D widgets (used for the mode line and |
13240ff7920b
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|
1148 the scroll bars), a configurable and extensible toolbar, tooltips |
13240ff7920b
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1149 (a.k.a.@: balloon help), and other niceties. |
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1150 |
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Change "character terminal" to "text-only terminal".
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1151 @cindex Colors on text-only terminals |
34741
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1152 @cindex TTY colors |
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Change "character terminal" to "text-only terminal".
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1153 In addition, Emacs 21 supports faces on text-only terminals. This means |
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1154 that you can now have colors when you run Emacs on a GNU/Linux console |
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1155 and on @code{xterm} with @kbd{emacs -nw}. |
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1156 |
25474 | 1157 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ |
1158 @node Common requests, Bugs and problems, Status of Emacs, Top | |
1159 @chapter Common requests | |
1160 @cindex Common requests | |
1161 | |
1162 @menu | |
1163 * Setting up a customization file:: | |
1164 * Debugging a customization file:: | |
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1165 * Colors on a TTY:: |
25474 | 1166 * Displaying the current line or column:: |
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1167 * Displaying the current file name in the titlebar:: |
25474 | 1168 * Turning on abbrevs by default:: |
1169 * Turning on auto-fill by default:: | |
1170 * Associating modes with files:: | |
1171 * Working with unprintable characters:: | |
1172 * Highlighting a region:: | |
1173 * Controlling case sensitivity:: | |
1174 * Wrapping words automatically:: | |
1175 * Spell-checkers:: | |
1176 * Checking TeX and *roff documents:: | |
1177 * Changing load-path:: | |
1178 * Using an already running Emacs process:: | |
1179 * Compiler error messages:: | |
1180 * Indenting switch statements:: | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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1181 * Customizing C and C++ indentation:: |
25474 | 1182 * Horizontal scrolling:: |
1183 * Overwrite mode:: | |
1184 * Turning off beeping:: | |
1185 * Turning the volume down:: | |
1186 * Automatic indentation:: | |
1187 * Matching parentheses:: | |
1188 * Hiding #ifdef lines:: | |
1189 * Repeating commands:: | |
1190 * Valid X resources:: | |
1191 * Evaluating Emacs Lisp code:: | |
1192 * Changing the length of a Tab:: | |
1193 * Inserting > at the beginning of each line:: | |
1194 * Underlining paragraphs:: | |
1195 * Repeating a command as many times as possible:: | |
1196 * Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column:: | |
1197 * Forcing Emacs to iconify itself:: | |
1198 * Using regular expressions:: | |
1199 * Replacing text across multiple files:: | |
1200 * Documentation for etags:: | |
1201 * Disabling backups:: | |
1202 * Disabling auto-save-mode:: | |
36301
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
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1203 * Going to a line by number:: |
25474 | 1204 * Modifying pull-down menus:: |
1205 * Deleting menus and menu options:: | |
1206 * Turning on syntax highlighting:: | |
1207 * Scrolling only one line:: | |
1208 * Replacing highlighted text:: | |
1209 * Editing MS-DOS files:: | |
1210 * Filling paragraphs with a single space:: | |
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(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
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1211 * Escape sequences in shell output:: |
25474 | 1212 @end menu |
1213 | |
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1214 @node Setting up a customization file, Colors on a TTY, Common requests, Common requests |
25474 | 1215 @section How do I set up a @file{.emacs} file properly? |
1216 @cindex @file{.emacs} file, setting up | |
1217 @cindex Init file, setting up | |
1218 @cindex Customization file, setting up | |
1219 | |
1220 @inforef{Init File, Init File, emacs} | |
1221 | |
1222 In general, new Emacs users should not have @file{.emacs} files, because | |
1223 it causes confusing non-standard behavior. Then they send questions to | |
1224 @email{help-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} asking why Emacs isn't behaving as | |
1225 documented. | |
1226 | |
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1227 Beginning with version 20.1, Emacs includes the new Customize |
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1228 facility, which can be invoked using @kbd{M-x customize @key{RET}}. |
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1229 This allows users who are unfamiliar with Emacs Lisp to modify their |
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1230 @file{.emacs} files in a relatively straightforward way, using menus |
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1231 rather than Lisp code. Not all packages support Customize as of this |
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1232 writing, but the number is growing fairly steadily. |
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1233 |
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1234 While Customize might indeed make it easier to configure Emacs, |
25474 | 1235 consider taking a bit of time to learn Emacs Lisp and modifying your |
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1236 @file{.emacs} directly. Simple configuration options are described |
25474 | 1237 rather completely in @inforef{Init File, Init File, emacs}, for users |
1238 interested in performing frequently requested, basic tasks. | |
1239 | |
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1240 @node Colors on a TTY, Debugging a customization file, Setting up a customization file, Common requests |
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1241 @section How do I get colors and syntax highlighting on a TTY? |
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1242 @cindex Colors on a TTY |
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1243 @cindex Syntax highlighting on a TTY |
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1244 @cindex Console, colors |
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1245 |
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1246 In Emacs 21.1 and later, colors and faces are supported in non-windowed mode, |
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1247 i.e.@: on Unix and GNU/Linux text-only terminals and consoles, and when |
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1248 invoked as @samp{emacs -nw} on X and MS-Windows. (Colors and faces were |
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1249 supported in the MS-DOS port since Emacs 19.29.) Emacs automatically |
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1250 detects color support at startup and uses it if available. If you think |
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1251 that your terminal supports colors, but Emacs won't use them, check the |
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changeset
|
1252 @code{termcap} entry for your display type for color-related |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1253 capabilities. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1254 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1255 The command @kbd{M-x list-colors-display} pops up a window which |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1256 exhibits all the colors Emacs knows about on the current display. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1257 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1258 Syntax highlighting is usually turned off by default; see @ref{Turning |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1259 on syntax highlighting}, for instructions how to turn it on. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1260 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1261 @node Debugging a customization file, Displaying the current line or column, Colors on a TTY, Common requests |
25474 | 1262 @section How do I debug a @file{.emacs} file? |
1263 @cindex Debugging @file{.emacs} file | |
1264 @cindex @file{.emacs} debugging | |
1265 @cindex Init file debugging | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1266 @cindex @samp{-debug-init} option |
25474 | 1267 |
1268 Start Emacs with the @samp{-debug-init} command-line option. This | |
1269 enables the Emacs Lisp debugger before evaluating your @file{.emacs} | |
1270 file, and places you in the debugger if something goes wrong. The top | |
1271 line in the @file{trace-back} buffer will be the error message, and the | |
1272 second or third line of that buffer will display the Lisp code from your | |
1273 @file{.emacs} file that caused the problem. | |
1274 | |
1275 You can also evaluate an individual function or argument to a function | |
1276 in your @file{.emacs} file by moving the cursor to the end of the | |
1277 function or argument and typing @kbd{C-x C-e} (@kbd{M-x | |
1278 eval-last-sexp}). | |
1279 | |
1280 Use @kbd{C-h v} (@kbd{M-x describe-variable}) to check the value of | |
1281 variables which you are trying to set or use. | |
1282 | |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1283 @node Displaying the current line or column, Displaying the current file name in the titlebar, Debugging a customization file, Common requests |
25474 | 1284 @section How do I make Emacs display the current line (or column) number? |
1285 @cindex @code{line-number-mode} | |
1286 @cindex Displaying the current line or column | |
1287 @cindex Line number, displaying the current | |
1288 @cindex Column, displaying the current | |
1289 @cindex @code{mode-line-format} | |
1290 | |
1291 To have Emacs automatically display the current line number of the point | |
1292 in the mode line, do @kbd{M-x line-number-mode}. You can also put the | |
1293 form | |
1294 | |
1295 @lisp | |
1296 (setq line-number-mode t) | |
1297 @end lisp | |
1298 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1299 @noindent |
25474 | 1300 in your @file{.emacs} file to achieve this whenever you start Emacs. |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1301 (Line number display is on by default, unless your site-specific |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1302 initialization disables it.) Note that Emacs will not display the line |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1303 number if the buffer's size in bytes is larger than the value of the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1304 variable @code{line-number-display-limit}. |
25474 | 1305 |
1306 As of Emacs 20, you can similarly display the current column with | |
1307 @kbd{M-x column-number-mode}, or by putting the form | |
1308 | |
1309 @lisp | |
1310 (setq column-number-mode t) | |
1311 @end lisp | |
1312 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1313 @noindent |
25474 | 1314 in your @file{.emacs} file. |
1315 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1316 The @code{"%c"} format specifier in the variable @code{mode-line-format} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1317 will insert the current column's value into the mode line. See the |
25474 | 1318 documentation for @code{mode-line-format} (using @kbd{C-h v |
1319 mode-line-format @key{RET}}) for more information on how to set and use | |
1320 this variable. | |
1321 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1322 Users of all Emacs versions can display the current column using the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1323 @samp{column} package written by @email{abraham@@dina.kvl.dk, Per |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1324 Abrahamsen}. @xref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}, for |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1325 instructions on how to get it. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1326 |
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Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1327 @cindex Set number capability in @code{vi} emulators |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1328 None of the @code{vi} emulation modes provide the ``set number'' |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1329 capability of @code{vi} (as far as we know). |
25474 | 1330 |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
1331 @node Displaying the current file name in the titlebar, Turning on abbrevs by default, Displaying the current line or column, Common requests |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
1332 @section How can I modify the titlebar to contain the current file name? |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
1333 @cindex Titlebar, displaying the current file name in |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
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|
1334 @cindex File name, displaying in the titlebar |
25474 | 1335 @cindex @code{frame-title-format} |
1336 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1337 The contents of an Emacs frame's titlebar is controlled by the variable |
25474 | 1338 @code{frame-title-format}, which has the same structure as the variable |
1339 @code{mode-line-format}. (Use @kbd{C-h v} or @kbd{M-x | |
1340 describe-variable} to get information about one or both of these | |
1341 variables.) | |
1342 | |
1343 By default, the titlebar for a frame does contain the name of the buffer | |
1344 currently being visited, except if there is a single frame. In such a | |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1345 case, the titlebar contains Emacs invocation name and the name of the |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
1346 machine at which Emacs was invoked. This is done by setting |
25474 | 1347 @code{frame-title-format} to the default value of |
1348 | |
1349 @lisp | |
1350 (multiple-frames "%b" ("" invocation-name "@@" system-name)) | |
1351 @end lisp | |
1352 | |
1353 To modify the behavior such that frame titlebars contain the buffer's | |
1354 name regardless of the number of existing frames, include the following | |
1355 in your @file{.emacs}: | |
1356 | |
1357 @lisp | |
1358 (setq frame-title-format "%b") | |
1359 @end lisp | |
1360 | |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
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changeset
|
1361 @node Turning on abbrevs by default, Turning on auto-fill by default, Displaying the current file name in the titlebar, Common requests |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1362 @section How do I turn on abbrevs by default just in mode @var{mymode}? |
25474 | 1363 @cindex Abbrevs, turning on by default |
1364 | |
1365 Put this in your @file{.emacs} file: | |
1366 | |
1367 @lisp | |
1368 (condition-case () | |
1369 (quietly-read-abbrev-file) | |
1370 (file-error nil)) | |
1371 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1372 (add-hook '@var{mymode}-mode-hook |
28344
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
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|
1373 (lambda () |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
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|
1374 (setq abbrev-mode t))) |
25474 | 1375 @end lisp |
1376 | |
1377 @node Turning on auto-fill by default, Associating modes with files, Turning on abbrevs by default, Common requests | |
1378 @section How do I turn on @code{auto-fill-mode} by default? | |
1379 @cindex @code{auto-fill-mode}, activating automatically | |
1380 @cindex Filling automatically | |
1381 @cindex Automatic entry to @code{auto-fill-mode} | |
1382 | |
1383 To turn on @code{auto-fill-mode} just once for one buffer, use @kbd{M-x | |
1384 auto-fill-mode}. | |
1385 | |
1386 To turn it on for every buffer in a certain mode, you must use the hook | |
1387 for that mode. For example, to turn on @code{auto-fill} mode for all | |
1388 text buffers, including the following in your @file{.emacs} file: | |
1389 | |
1390 @lisp | |
1391 (add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-auto-fill) | |
1392 @end lisp | |
1393 | |
1394 If you want @code{auto-fill} mode on in all major modes, do this: | |
1395 | |
1396 @lisp | |
1397 (setq-default auto-fill-function 'do-auto-fill) | |
1398 @end lisp | |
1399 | |
1400 @node Associating modes with files, Working with unprintable characters, Turning on auto-fill by default, Common requests | |
1401 @section How do I make Emacs use a certain major mode for certain files? | |
1402 @cindex Associating modes with files | |
1403 @cindex File extensions and modes | |
1404 @cindex @code{auto-mode-alist}, modifying | |
1405 @cindex Modes, associating with file extensions | |
1406 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1407 If you want to use a certain mode @var{foo} for all files whose names end |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1408 with the extension @file{.@var{bar}}, this will do it for you: |
25474 | 1409 |
1410 @lisp | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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changeset
|
1411 (setq auto-mode-alist (cons '("\\.@var{bar}\\'" . @var{foo}-mode) auto-mode-alist)) |
25474 | 1412 @end lisp |
1413 | |
1414 Otherwise put this somewhere in the first line of any file you want to | |
34741
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1415 edit in the mode @var{foo} (in the second line, if the first line begins |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1416 with @samp{#!}): |
25474 | 1417 |
1418 @example | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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|
1419 -*- @var{foo} -*- |
25474 | 1420 @end example |
1421 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
1422 @cindex Major mode for shell scripts |
25474 | 1423 Beginning with Emacs 19, the variable @code{interpreter-mode-alist} |
1424 specifies which mode to use when loading a shell script. (Emacs | |
1425 determines which interpreter you're using by examining the first line of | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1426 the script.) This feature only applies when the file name doesn't |
25474 | 1427 indicate which mode to use. Use @kbd{C-h v} (or @kbd{M-x |
1428 describe-variable}) on @code{interpreter-mode-alist} to learn more. | |
1429 | |
1430 @node Working with unprintable characters, Highlighting a region, Associating modes with files, Common requests | |
1431 @section How do I search for, delete, or replace unprintable (eight-bit or control) characters? | |
1432 @cindex Unprintable characters, working with | |
1433 @cindex Working with unprintable characters | |
1434 @cindex Control characters, working with | |
1435 @cindex Eight-bit characters, working with | |
1436 @cindex Searching for unprintable characters | |
1437 @cindex Regexps and unprintable characters | |
1438 | |
1439 To search for a single character that appears in the buffer as, for | |
1440 example, @samp{\237}, you can type @kbd{C-s C-q 2 3 7}. (This assumes | |
1441 the value of @code{search-quote-char} is 17 (i.e., @kbd{C-q}).) | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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changeset
|
1442 Searching for @strong{all} unprintable characters is best done with a |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1443 regular expression (@dfn{regexp}) search. The easiest regexp to use for |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1444 the unprintable chars is the complement of the regexp for the printable |
25474 | 1445 chars. |
1446 | |
1447 @itemize @bullet | |
1448 | |
1449 @item | |
1450 Regexp for the printable chars: @samp{[\t\n\r\f -~]} | |
1451 | |
1452 @item | |
1453 Regexp for the unprintable chars: @samp{[^\t\n\r\f -~]} | |
1454 | |
1455 @end itemize | |
1456 | |
1457 To type these special characters in an interactive argument to | |
1458 @code{isearch-forward-regexp} or @code{re-search-forward}, you need to | |
1459 use @kbd{C-q}. (@samp{\t}, @samp{\n}, @samp{\r}, and @samp{\f} stand | |
1460 respectively for @key{TAB}, @key{LFD}, @key{RET}, and @kbd{C-l}.) So, | |
1461 to search for unprintable characters using @code{re-search-forward}: | |
1462 | |
1463 @kbd{M-x re-search-forward @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~] @key{RET}} | |
1464 | |
1465 Using @code{isearch-forward-regexp}: | |
1466 | |
40705 | 1467 @kbd{C-M-s [^ @key{TAB} @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~]} |
25474 | 1468 |
1469 To delete all unprintable characters, simply use replace-regexp: | |
1470 | |
1471 @kbd{M-x replace-regexp @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~] @key{RET} @key{RET}} | |
1472 | |
1473 Replacing is similar to the above. To replace all unprintable | |
1474 characters with a colon, use: | |
1475 | |
1476 M-x replace-regexp @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~] @key{RET} : @key{RET} | |
1477 | |
1478 @itemize @bullet | |
1479 | |
34741
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parents:
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|
1480 @item |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1481 You don't need to quote @key{TAB} with either isearch or typing |
25474 | 1482 something in the minibuffer. |
1483 | |
1484 @end itemize | |
1485 | |
1486 @node Highlighting a region, Controlling case sensitivity, Working with unprintable characters, Common requests | |
1487 @section How can I highlight a region of text in Emacs? | |
1488 @cindex Highlighting text | |
1489 @cindex Text, highlighting | |
1490 @cindex @code{transient-mark-mode} | |
1491 @cindex Region, highlighting a | |
1492 | |
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changeset
|
1493 You can cause the region to be highlighted when the mark is active by |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1494 including |
25474 | 1495 |
1496 @lisp | |
1497 (transient-mark-mode t) | |
1498 @end lisp | |
1499 | |
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d4b1acaf82b0
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|
1500 @noindent |
34741
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|
1501 in your @file{.emacs} file. (Also see @ref{Turning on syntax |
13240ff7920b
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|
1502 highlighting}.) |
25474 | 1503 |
1504 @node Controlling case sensitivity, Wrapping words automatically, Highlighting a region, Common requests | |
1505 @section How do I control Emacs's case-sensitivity when searching/replacing? | |
1506 @cindex @code{case-fold-search} | |
1507 @cindex Case sensitivity of searches | |
1508 @cindex Searching without case sensitivity | |
1509 @cindex Ignoring case in searches | |
1510 | |
1511 For searching, the value of the variable @code{case-fold-search} | |
1512 determines whether they are case sensitive: | |
1513 | |
1514 @lisp | |
1515 (setq case-fold-search nil) ; make searches case sensitive | |
1516 (setq case-fold-search t) ; make searches case insensitive | |
1517 @end lisp | |
1518 | |
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|
1519 @cindex Case sensitivity in replacements |
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|
1520 @cindex Replacing, and case sensitivity |
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|
1521 @cindex @code{case-replace} |
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|
1522 Similarly, for replacing, the variable @code{case-replace} determines |
25474 | 1523 whether replacements preserve case. |
1524 | |
1525 To change the case sensitivity just for one major mode, use the major | |
1526 mode's hook. For example: | |
1527 | |
1528 @lisp | |
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|
1529 (add-hook '@var{foo}-mode-hook |
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Weed out redundant uses of `function'
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|
1530 (lambda () |
54fda0e8528a
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|
1531 (setq case-fold-search nil))) |
25474 | 1532 @end lisp |
1533 | |
1534 @node Wrapping words automatically, Spell-checkers, Controlling case sensitivity, Common requests | |
1535 @section How do I make Emacs wrap words for me? | |
1536 @cindex Wrapping word automatically | |
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|
1537 @cindex Wrapping lines |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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|
1538 @cindex Line wrap |
25474 | 1539 @cindex @code{auto-fill-mode}, introduction to |
1540 @cindex Maximum line width, default value | |
1541 @cindex @code{fill-column}, default value | |
1542 | |
1543 Use @code{auto-fill-mode}, activated by typing @kbd{M-x auto-fill-mode}. | |
1544 The default maximum line width is 70, determined by the variable | |
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parents:
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|
1545 @code{fill-column}. To learn how to turn this on automatically, see |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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|
1546 @ref{Turning on auto-fill by default}. |
25474 | 1547 |
1548 @node Spell-checkers, Checking TeX and *roff documents, Wrapping words automatically, Common requests | |
1549 @section Where can I get a better spelling checker for Emacs? | |
1550 @cindex Checking spelling | |
1551 @cindex Spelling, checking text documents | |
1552 | |
1553 Use Ispell. @xref{Ispell}. | |
1554 | |
1555 @node Checking TeX and *roff documents, Changing load-path, Spell-checkers, Common requests | |
1556 @section How can I spell-check @TeX{} or *roff documents? | |
1557 @cindex Spelling, checking @TeX{} documents | |
1558 @cindex @TeX{} documents, checking spelling in | |
1559 | |
1560 Use Ispell. Ispell can handle @TeX{} and *roff documents. | |
1561 @xref{Ispell}. | |
1562 | |
1563 @node Changing load-path, Using an already running Emacs process, Checking TeX and *roff documents, Common requests | |
1564 @section How do I change @code{load-path}? | |
1565 @cindex @code{load-path}, modifying | |
1566 @cindex Modifying @code{load-path} | |
1567 @cindex Adding to @code{load-path} | |
1568 | |
1569 In general, you should only add to the @code{load-path}. You can add | |
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|
1570 directory @var{/dir/subdir} to the load path like this: |
25474 | 1571 |
1572 @lisp | |
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|
1573 (setq load-path (cons "/dir/subdir/" load-path)) |
25474 | 1574 @end lisp |
1575 | |
1576 To do this relative to your home directory: | |
1577 | |
1578 @lisp | |
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|
1579 (setq load-path (cons "~/mysubdir/" load-path) |
25474 | 1580 @end lisp |
1581 | |
1582 @node Using an already running Emacs process, Compiler error messages, Changing load-path, Common requests | |
1583 @section How do I use an already running Emacs from another window? | |
1584 @cindex @code{emacsclient} | |
1585 @cindex Emacs server functions | |
1586 @cindex Using an existing Emacs process | |
1587 | |
1588 @code{emacsclient}, which comes with Emacs, is for editing a file using | |
1589 an already running Emacs rather than starting up a new Emacs. It does | |
1590 this by sending a request to the already running Emacs, which must be | |
1591 expecting the request. | |
1592 | |
1593 @itemize @bullet | |
1594 | |
1595 @item | |
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|
1596 Setup: |
25474 | 1597 |
1598 Emacs must have executed the @code{server-start} function for | |
1599 @samp{emacsclient} to work. This can be done either by a command line | |
1600 option: | |
1601 | |
1602 @example | |
1603 emacs -f server-start | |
1604 @end example | |
1605 | |
1606 or by invoking @code{server-start} from @file{.emacs}: | |
1607 | |
1608 @lisp | |
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|
1609 (if (@var{some conditions are met}) (server-start)) |
25474 | 1610 @end lisp |
1611 | |
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1612 When this is done, Emacs creates a Unix domain socket. |
37530
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|
1613 The socket is either named @file{.emacs_server}, in the user's home directory, |
d4b1acaf82b0
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|
1614 or @file{esrv-@var{userid}-@var{systemname}}, in the @file{/tmp} |
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|
1615 directory, depending on your system. See @var{server-socket-name}. |
25474 | 1616 |
1617 To get your news reader, mail reader, etc., to invoke | |
1618 @samp{emacsclient}, try setting the environment variable @code{EDITOR} | |
1619 (or sometimes @code{VISUAL}) to the value @samp{emacsclient}. You may | |
1620 have to specify the full pathname of the @samp{emacsclient} program | |
1621 instead. Examples: | |
1622 | |
1623 @example | |
1624 # csh commands: | |
1625 setenv EDITOR emacsclient | |
1626 | |
1627 # using full pathname | |
1628 setenv EDITOR /usr/local/emacs/etc/emacsclient | |
1629 | |
1630 # sh command: | |
1631 EDITOR=emacsclient ; export EDITOR | |
1632 @end example | |
1633 | |
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|
1634 @item |
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|
1635 Normal use: |
25474 | 1636 |
1637 When @samp{emacsclient} is run, it connects to the @file{.emacs_server} | |
1638 socket and passes its command line options to @samp{server}. When | |
34741
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parents:
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|
1639 @samp{server} receives these requests, it sends this information to the |
25474 | 1640 the Emacs process, which at the next opportunity will visit the files |
1641 specified. (Line numbers can be specified just like with Emacs.) The | |
1642 user will have to switch to the Emacs window by hand. When the user is | |
1643 done editing a file, the user can type @kbd{C-x #} (or @kbd{M-x | |
1644 server-edit}) to indicate this. If there is another buffer requested by | |
34741
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parents:
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|
1645 @code{emacsclient}, Emacs will switch to it; otherwise |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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|
1646 @code{emacsclient} will exit, signaling the calling program to continue. |
25474 | 1647 |
1648 @samp{emacsclient} and @samp{server} must be running on machines which | |
1649 share the same filesystem for this to work. The pathnames that | |
1650 @samp{emacsclient} specifies should be correct for the filesystem that | |
1651 the Emacs process sees. The Emacs process should not be suspended at | |
34741
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parents:
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changeset
|
1652 the time @samp{emacsclient} is invoked. On Unix and GNU/Linux systems, |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1653 @samp{emacsclient} should either be invoked from another X window, or |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1654 from a shell window inside Emacs itself, or from another interactive |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1655 session, e.g., by means of a @code{screen} program. |
34741
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parents:
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changeset
|
1656 |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1657 @cindex @code{gnuserv} |
25474 | 1658 There is an enhanced version of @samp{emacsclient}/server called |
34741
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|
1659 @samp{gnuserv}, written by @email{ange@@hplb.hpl.hp.com, Andy Norman} |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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|
1660 which is available in the Emacs Lisp Archive (@pxref{Packages that do |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1661 not come with Emacs}). @samp{gnuserv} uses Internet domain sockets, so |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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changeset
|
1662 it can work across most network connections. It also supports the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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changeset
|
1663 execution of arbitrary Emacs Lisp forms and does not require the client |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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changeset
|
1664 program to wait for completion. |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1665 |
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parents:
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changeset
|
1666 The alpha version of an enhanced @samp{gnuserv} is available at |
25474 | 1667 |
1668 @uref{ftp://ftp.wellfleet.com/netman/psmith/emacs/gnuserv-2.1alpha.tar.gz} | |
1669 | |
1670 @end itemize | |
1671 | |
1672 @node Compiler error messages, Indenting switch statements, Using an already running Emacs process, Common requests | |
1673 @section How do I make Emacs recognize my compiler's funny error messages? | |
1674 @cindex Compiler error messages, recognizing | |
1675 @cindex Recognizing non-standard compiler errors | |
1676 @cindex Regexps for recognizing compiler errors | |
1677 @cindex Errors, recognizing compiler | |
1678 | |
1679 The variable @code{compilation-error-regexp-alist} helps control how | |
34741
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parents:
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|
1680 Emacs parses your compiler output. It is a list of triplets of the form: |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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|
1681 @code{(@var{regexp} @var{file-idx} @var{line-idx})}, where @var{regexp}, |
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|
1682 @var{file-idx} and @var{line-idx} are strings. To help determine what |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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|
1683 the constituent elements should be, load @file{compile.el} and then type |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1684 @kbd{C-h v compilation-error-regexp-alist @key{RET}} to see the current |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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changeset
|
1685 value. A good idea is to look at @file{compile.el} itself as the |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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|
1686 comments included for this variable are quite useful---the regular |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1687 expressions required for your compiler's output may be very close to one |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1688 already provided. Once you have determined the proper regexps, use the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1689 following to inform Emacs of your changes: |
25474 | 1690 |
1691 @lisp | |
1692 (setq compilation-error-regexp-alist | |
34741
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parents:
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changeset
|
1693 (cons '(@var{regexp} @var{file-idx} @var{line-idx}) |
25474 | 1694 compilation-error-regexp-alist)) |
1695 @end lisp | |
1696 | |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
1697 @node Indenting switch statements, Customizing C and C++ indentation, Compiler error messages, Common requests |
25474 | 1698 @section How do I change the indentation for @code{switch}? |
1699 @cindex @code{switch}, indenting | |
1700 @cindex Indenting of @code{switch} | |
1701 | |
1702 Many people want to indent their @code{switch} statements like this: | |
1703 | |
1704 @example | |
1705 f() | |
1706 @{ | |
1707 switch(x) @{ | |
1708 case A: | |
1709 x1; | |
1710 break; | |
1711 case B: | |
1712 x2; | |
1713 break; | |
1714 default: | |
1715 x3; | |
1716 @} | |
1717 @} | |
1718 @end example | |
1719 | |
1720 The solution at first appears to be: set @code{c-indent-level} to 4 and | |
1721 @code{c-label-offset} to -2. However, this will give you an indentation | |
1722 spacing of four instead of two. | |
1723 | |
34741
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|
1724 The @emph{real} solution is to use @code{cc-mode} (the default mode for |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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|
1725 C programming in Emacs 20 and later) and add the following line to yoyr |
13240ff7920b
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|
1726 @file{.emacs}: |
25474 | 1727 |
1728 @lisp | |
1729 (c-set-offset 'case-label '+) | |
1730 @end lisp | |
1731 | |
1732 There appears to be no way to do this with the old @code{c-mode}. | |
1733 | |
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|
1734 @node Customizing C and C++ indentation, Horizontal scrolling, Indenting switch statements, Common requests |
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|
1735 @section How to customize indentation in C, C@t{++}, and Java buffers? |
cd1988377f17
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|
1736 @cindex Indentation, how to customize |
cd1988377f17
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parents:
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|
1737 @cindex Customize indentation |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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|
1738 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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changeset
|
1739 The Emacs @code{cc-mode} features an interactive procedure for |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1740 customizing the indentation style, which is fully explained in the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1741 @cite{CC Mode} manual that is part of the Emacs distribution, see |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1742 @ref{Customizing Indentation, , Customization Indentation, ccmode, |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1743 The CC Mode Manual}. Here's a short summary of the procedure: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1744 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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changeset
|
1745 @enumerate |
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|
1746 @item |
cd1988377f17
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parents:
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changeset
|
1747 Go to the beginning of the first line where you don't like the |
cd1988377f17
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parents:
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|
1748 indentation and type @kbd{C-c C-o}. Emacs will prompt you for the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1749 syntactic symbol; type @key{RET} to accept the default it suggests. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1750 |
cd1988377f17
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1751 @item |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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changeset
|
1752 Emacs now prompts for the offset of this syntactic symbol, showing the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1753 default (the current definition) inside parentheses. You can choose |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1754 one of these: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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changeset
|
1755 |
cd1988377f17
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parents:
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changeset
|
1756 @table @code |
cd1988377f17
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|
1757 @item 0 |
cd1988377f17
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|
1758 No extra indentation. |
cd1988377f17
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parents:
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|
1759 @item + |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
1760 Indent one basic offset. |
cd1988377f17
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|
1761 @item - |
cd1988377f17
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parents:
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|
1762 Outdent one basic offset. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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|
1763 @item ++ |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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|
1764 Indent two basic offsets |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1765 @item -- |
cd1988377f17
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1766 Outdent two basic offsets. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1767 @item * |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1768 Indent half basic offset. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1769 @item / |
37079
dc7cb733ffc7
Fix a typo in the last change.
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1770 Outdent half basic offset. |
36977
cd1988377f17
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parents:
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|
1771 @end table |
cd1988377f17
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1772 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1773 @item |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1774 After choosing one of these symbols, type @kbd{C-c C-q} to reindent |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1775 the line or the block according to what you just specified. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1776 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1777 @item |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
1778 If you don't like the result, go back to step 1. Otherwise, add the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1779 following line to your @file{.emacs}: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1780 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1781 @lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1782 (c-set-offset '@var{syntactic-symbol} @var{offset}) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1783 @end lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1784 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1785 @noindent |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
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|
1786 where @var{syntactic-symbol} is the name Emacs shows in the minibuffer |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
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|
1787 when you type @kbd{C-c C-o} at the beginning of the line, and |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
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|
1788 @var{offset} is one of the indentation symbols listed above (@code{+}, |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1789 @code{/}, @code{0}, etc.) that you've chosen during the interactive |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
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|
1790 procedure. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1791 |
cd1988377f17
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
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|
1792 @item |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1793 Go to the next line whose indentation is not to your liking and repeat |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1794 the process there. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1795 @end enumerate |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1796 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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|
1797 It is recommended to put all the resulting @code{(c-set-offset ...)} |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1798 customizations inside a C mode hook, like this: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1799 |
cd1988377f17
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
1800 @lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
36842
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|
1801 (defun my-c-mode-hook () |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
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|
1802 (c-set-offset ...) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1803 (c-set-offset ...)) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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|
1804 (add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'my-c-mode-hook) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1805 @end lisp |
cd1988377f17
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|
1806 |
cd1988377f17
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parents:
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|
1807 @noindent |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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|
1808 Using @code{c-mode-hook} avoids the need to put a @w{@code{(require |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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|
1809 'cc-mode)}} into your @file{.emacs} file, because @code{c-set-offset} |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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1810 might be unavailable when @code{cc-mode} is not loaded. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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|
1811 |
cd1988377f17
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1812 Note that @code{c-mode-hook} runs for C source files only; use |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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|
1813 @code{c++-mode-hook} for C@t{++} sources, @code{java-mode-hook} for |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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|
1814 Java sources, etc. If you want the same customizations to be in |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
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|
1815 effect in @emph{all} languages supported by @code{cc-mode}, use |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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|
1816 @code{c-mode-common-hook}. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1817 |
cd1988377f17
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|
1818 @node Horizontal scrolling, Overwrite mode, Customizing C and C++ indentation, Common requests |
25474 | 1819 @section How can I make Emacs automatically scroll horizontally? |
1820 @cindex @code{hscroll-mode} | |
1821 @cindex Horizontal scrolling | |
1822 @cindex Scrolling horizontally | |
1823 | |
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1824 In Emacs 21 and later, this is on by default: if the variable |
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1825 @code{truncate-lines} is non-@code{nil} in the current buffer, Emacs |
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1826 automatically scrolls the display horizontally when point moves off the |
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1827 left or right edge of the window. |
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1828 |
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1829 In Emacs 20, use the @code{hscroll-mode}. Here is some information from |
25474 | 1830 the documentation, available by typing @kbd{C-h f hscroll-mode @key{RET}}: |
1831 | |
1832 Automatically scroll horizontally when the point moves off the | |
1833 left or right edge of the window. | |
1834 | |
1835 @itemize @minus | |
34741
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|
1836 @item |
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|
1837 Type @kbd{M-x hscroll-mode} to enable it in the current buffer. |
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|
1838 |
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|
1839 @item |
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1840 Type @kbd{M-x hscroll-global-mode} to enable it in every buffer. |
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|
1841 |
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|
1842 @item |
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|
1843 @code{turn-on-hscroll} is useful in mode hooks as in: |
25474 | 1844 |
1845 @lisp | |
1846 (add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-hscroll) | |
1847 @end lisp | |
1848 | |
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|
1849 @item |
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|
1850 @code{hscroll-margin} controls how close the cursor can get to the |
25474 | 1851 edge of the window. |
1852 | |
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|
1853 @item |
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1854 @code{hscroll-step-percent} controls how far to jump once we decide to do so. |
25474 | 1855 @end itemize |
1856 | |
1857 @node Overwrite mode, Turning off beeping, Horizontal scrolling, Common requests | |
1858 @section How do I make Emacs "typeover" or "overwrite" instead of inserting? | |
1859 @cindex @key{Insert} | |
1860 @cindex @code{overwrite-mode} | |
1861 @cindex Overwriting existing text | |
1862 @cindex Toggling @code{overwrite-mode} | |
1863 | |
1864 @kbd{M-x overwrite-mode} (a minor mode). This toggles | |
1865 @code{overwrite-mode} on and off, so exiting from @code{overwrite-mode} | |
1866 is as easy as another @kbd{M-x overwrite-mode}. | |
1867 | |
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1868 On some systems, @key{Insert} toggles @code{overwrite-mode} on and off. |
25474 | 1869 |
1870 @node Turning off beeping, Turning the volume down, Overwrite mode, Common requests | |
1871 @section How do I stop Emacs from beeping on a terminal? | |
1872 @cindex Beeping, turning off | |
1873 @cindex Visible bell | |
1874 @cindex Bell, visible | |
1875 | |
1876 @email{martin@@cc.gatech.edu, Martin R. Frank} writes: | |
1877 | |
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1878 Tell Emacs to use the @dfn{visible bell} instead of the audible bell, |
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1879 and set the visible bell to nothing. |
25474 | 1880 |
1881 That is, put the following in your @code{TERMCAP} environment variable | |
1882 (assuming you have one): | |
1883 | |
1884 @example | |
1885 ... :vb=: ... | |
1886 @end example | |
1887 | |
1888 And evaluate the following Lisp form: | |
1889 | |
1890 @example | |
1891 (setq visible-bell t) | |
1892 @end example | |
1893 | |
1894 @node Turning the volume down, Automatic indentation, Turning off beeping, Common requests | |
35188
94d46968a93f
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1895 @section How do I turn down the bell volume in Emacs running under X? |
25474 | 1896 @cindex Bell, volume of |
1897 @cindex Volume of bell | |
1898 | |
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1899 On X Window system, you can adjust the bell volume and duration for all |
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1900 programs with the shell command @code{xset}. |
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|
1901 |
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1902 Invoking @code{xset} without any arguments produces some basic |
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|
1903 information, including the following: |
25474 | 1904 |
1905 @example | |
1906 usage: xset [-display host:dpy] option ... | |
1907 To turn bell off: | |
1908 -b b off b 0 | |
1909 To set bell volume, pitch and duration: | |
1910 b [vol [pitch [dur]]] b on | |
1911 @end example | |
1912 | |
1913 @node Automatic indentation, Matching parentheses, Turning the volume down, Common requests | |
1914 @section How do I tell Emacs to automatically indent a new line to the indentation of the previous line? | |
1915 @cindex Indenting new lines | |
1916 @cindex New lines, indenting of | |
1917 @cindex Previous line, indenting according to | |
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1918 @cindex Text indentation |
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1919 |
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1920 Such behavior is automatic in Emacs 20 and later. From the |
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1921 @file{etc/NEWS} file for Emacs 20.2: |
25474 | 1922 |
1923 @example | |
1924 ** In Text mode, now only blank lines separate paragraphs. This makes | |
1925 it possible to get the full benefit of Adaptive Fill mode in Text mode, | |
1926 and other modes derived from it (such as Mail mode). @key{TAB} in Text | |
1927 mode now runs the command @code{indent-relative}; this makes a practical | |
1928 difference only when you use indented paragraphs. | |
1929 | |
1930 As a result, the old Indented Text mode is now identical to Text mode, | |
1931 and is an alias for it. | |
1932 | |
1933 If you want spaces at the beginning of a line to start a paragraph, use | |
1934 the new mode, Paragraph Indent Text mode. | |
1935 @end example | |
1936 | |
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1937 @cindex Prefixing lines |
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1938 @cindex Fill prefix |
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|
1939 If you have @code{auto-fill-mode} turned on (@pxref{Turning on auto-fill |
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1940 by default}), you can tell Emacs to prefix every line with a certain |
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|
1941 character sequence, the @dfn{fill prefix}. Type the prefix at the |
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|
1942 beginning of a line, position point after it, and then type @kbd{C-x .} |
25474 | 1943 (@code{set-fill-prefix}) to set the fill prefix. Thereafter, |
1944 auto-filling will automatically put the fill prefix at the beginning of | |
1945 new lines, and @kbd{M-q} (@code{fill-paragraph}) will maintain any fill | |
1946 prefix when refilling the paragraph. | |
1947 | |
1948 If you have paragraphs with different levels of indentation, you will | |
1949 have to set the fill prefix to the correct value each time you move to a | |
1950 new paragraph. To avoid this hassle, try one of the many packages | |
1951 available from the Emacs Lisp Archive (@pxref{Packages that do not come | |
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1952 with Emacs}.) Look up ``fill'' and ``indent'' in the Lisp Code |
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1953 Directory for guidance. |
25474 | 1954 |
1955 @node Matching parentheses, Hiding #ifdef lines, Automatic indentation, Common requests | |
1956 @section How do I show which parenthesis matches the one I'm looking at? | |
1957 @cindex Parentheses, matching | |
1958 @cindex @file{paren.el} | |
1959 @cindex Highlighting matching parentheses | |
1960 @cindex Pairs of parentheses, highlighting | |
1961 @cindex Matching parentheses | |
1962 | |
1963 As of version 19, Emacs comes with @file{paren.el}, which (when loaded) | |
1964 will automatically highlight matching parentheses whenever point (i.e., | |
1965 the cursor) is located over one. To load @file{paren.el} automatically, | |
1966 include the line | |
1967 | |
1968 @lisp | |
1969 (require 'paren) | |
1970 @end lisp | |
1971 | |
1972 in your @file{.emacs} file. @email{shutkoa@@ugsolutions.com, Alan Shutko} | |
1973 reports that as of version 20.1, you must also call @code{show-paren-mode} in | |
1974 your @file{.emacs} file: | |
1975 | |
1976 @lisp | |
1977 (show-paren-mode 1) | |
1978 @end lisp | |
1979 | |
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1980 Customize will let you turn on @code{show-paren-mode}. Use @kbd{M-x |
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|
1981 customize-group @key{RET} paren-showing @key{RET}}. From within |
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|
1982 Customize, you can also go directly to the ``paren-showing'' group. |
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|
1983 |
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1984 Alternatives to paren include: |
25474 | 1985 |
1986 @itemize @bullet | |
1987 | |
1988 @item | |
1989 If you're looking at a right parenthesis (or brace or bracket) you can | |
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|
1990 delete it and reinsert it. Emacs will momentarily move the cursor to |
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|
1991 the matching parenthesis. |
25474 | 1992 |
1993 @item | |
40705 | 1994 @kbd{C-M-f} (@code{forward-sexp}) and @kbd{C-M-b} (@code{backward-sexp}) |
25474 | 1995 will skip over one set of balanced parentheses, so you can see which |
1996 parentheses match. (You can train it to skip over balanced brackets | |
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|
1997 and braces at the same time by modifying the syntax table.) |
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|
1998 |
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1999 @cindex Show matching paren as in @code{vi} |
25474 | 2000 @item |
2001 Here is some Emacs Lisp that will make the @key{%} key show the matching | |
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2002 parenthesis, like in @code{vi}. In addition, if the cursor isn't over a |
25474 | 2003 parenthesis, it simply inserts a % like normal. |
2004 | |
2005 @lisp | |
2006 ;; By an unknown contributor | |
2007 | |
2008 (global-set-key "%" 'match-paren) | |
2009 | |
2010 (defun match-paren (arg) | |
2011 "Go to the matching paren if on a paren; otherwise insert %." | |
2012 (interactive "p") | |
2013 (cond ((looking-at "\\s\(") (forward-list 1) (backward-char 1)) | |
2014 ((looking-at "\\s\)") (forward-char 1) (backward-list 1)) | |
2015 (t (self-insert-command (or arg 1))))) | |
2016 @end lisp | |
2017 | |
2018 @end itemize | |
2019 | |
2020 @node Hiding #ifdef lines, Repeating commands, Matching parentheses, Common requests | |
2021 @section In C mode, can I show just the lines that will be left after @code{#ifdef} commands are handled by the compiler? | |
2022 @cindex @code{#ifdef}, selective display of | |
2023 @cindex @code{hide-ifdef-mode} | |
2024 @cindex Hiding @code{#ifdef} text | |
2025 @cindex Selectively displaying @code{#ifdef} code | |
2026 | |
2027 @kbd{M-x hide-ifdef-mode}. (This is a minor mode.) You might also want | |
2028 to try @file{cpp.el}, available at the Emacs Lisp Archive | |
2029 (@pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}). | |
2030 | |
2031 @node Repeating commands, Valid X resources, Hiding #ifdef lines, Common requests | |
2032 @section Is there an equivalent to the @code{.} (dot) command of vi? | |
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2033 @cindex Repeating commands as with @code{vi} |
25474 | 2034 @cindex Command, repeat last |
34741
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2035 @cindex @code{.}, equivalent to @code{vi} command |
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|
2036 |
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|
2037 (@code{.} is the redo command in @code{vi}. It redoes the last |
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parents:
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|
2038 insertion/deletion.) |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2039 |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2040 As of Emacs 20.3, there is indeed a @code{repeat} command (@kbd{C-x z}) |
25474 | 2041 that repeats the last command. If you preface it with a prefix |
2042 argument, the prefix arg is applied to the command. | |
2043 | |
2044 You can also type @kbd{C-x @key{ESC} @key{ESC}} | |
2045 (@code{repeat-complex-command}) to reinvoke commands that used the | |
2046 minibuffer to get arguments. In @code{repeat-complex-command} you can | |
34741
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|
2047 type @kbd{M-p} and @kbd{M-n} (and also up-arrow and down-arrow, if your |
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|
2048 keyboard has these keys) to scan through all the different complex |
25474 | 2049 commands you've typed. |
2050 | |
2051 To repeat a set of commands, use keyboard macros. (@inforef{Keyboard | |
2052 Macros, Keyboard Macros, emacs}.) | |
2053 | |
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2054 If you're really desperate for the @code{.} command, use VIPER, a |
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parents:
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2055 @code{vi} emulation mode which comes with Emacs, and which appears to |
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|
2056 support it. (@xref{VIPER}.) |
25474 | 2057 |
2058 @node Valid X resources, Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Repeating commands, Common requests | |
2059 @section What are the valid X resource settings (i.e., stuff in .Xdefaults)? | |
2060 @cindex Resources, X | |
2061 @cindex X resources | |
2062 @cindex Setting X resources | |
2063 | |
2064 @inforef{Resources X, Resources X, emacs}. | |
2065 | |
2066 You can also use a resource editor, such as editres (for X11R5 and | |
2067 onwards), to look at the resource names for the menu bar, assuming Emacs | |
2068 was compiled with the X toolkit. | |
2069 | |
2070 @node Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Changing the length of a Tab, Valid X resources, Common requests | |
2071 @section How do I execute ("evaluate") a piece of Emacs Lisp code? | |
2072 @cindex Evaluating Lisp code | |
2073 @cindex Lisp forms, evaluating | |
2074 | |
34741
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2075 There are a number of ways to execute (@dfn{evaluate}, in Lisp lingo) an |
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2076 Emacs Lisp @dfn{form}: |
25474 | 2077 |
2078 @itemize @bullet | |
2079 | |
2080 @item | |
2081 If you want it evaluated every time you run Emacs, put it in a file | |
34741
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2082 named @file{.emacs} in your home directory. This is known as ``your |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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|
2083 @file{.emacs} file,'' and contains all of your personal customizations. |
25474 | 2084 |
2085 @item | |
2086 You can type the form in the @file{*scratch*} buffer, and then type | |
2087 @key{LFD} (or @kbd{C-j}) after it. The result of evaluating the form | |
2088 will be inserted in the buffer. | |
2089 | |
2090 @item | |
40705 | 2091 In @code{emacs-lisp-mode}, typing @kbd{C-M-x} evaluates a top-level form |
25474 | 2092 before or around point. |
2093 | |
2094 @item | |
2095 Typing @kbd{C-x C-e} in any buffer evaluates the Lisp form immediately | |
2096 before point and prints its value in the echo area. | |
2097 | |
2098 @item | |
2099 Typing @kbd{M-:} or @kbd{M-x eval-expression} allows you to type a Lisp | |
34741
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2100 form in the minibuffer which will be evaluated once you press @key{RET}. |
25474 | 2101 |
2102 @item | |
2103 You can use @kbd{M-x load-file} to have Emacs evaluate all the Lisp | |
2104 forms in a file. (To do this from Lisp use the function @code{load} | |
2105 instead.) | |
2106 | |
2107 The functions @code{load-library}, @code{eval-region}, | |
2108 @code{eval-current-buffer}, @code{require}, and @code{autoload} are also | |
34741
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|
2109 useful; see @ref{Emacs Lisp documentation}, if you want to learn more |
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|
2110 about them. |
25474 | 2111 |
2112 @end itemize | |
2113 | |
2114 @node Changing the length of a Tab, Inserting > at the beginning of each line, Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Common requests | |
2115 @section How do I change Emacs's idea of the @key{TAB} character's length? | |
2116 @cindex Tab length | |
2117 @cindex Length of tab character | |
2118 @cindex @code{default-tab-width} | |
2119 | |
2120 Set the variable @code{default-tab-width}. For example, to set | |
2121 @key{TAB} stops every 10 characters, insert the following in your | |
2122 @file{.emacs} file: | |
2123 | |
2124 @lisp | |
2125 (setq default-tab-width 10) | |
2126 @end lisp | |
2127 | |
2128 Do not confuse variable @code{tab-width} with variable | |
2129 @code{tab-stop-list}. The former is used for the display of literal | |
2130 @key{TAB} characters. The latter controls what characters are inserted | |
2131 when you press the @key{TAB} character in certain modes. | |
2132 | |
2133 @node Inserting > at the beginning of each line, Underlining paragraphs, Changing the length of a Tab, Common requests | |
2134 @section How do I insert @samp{>} at the beginning of every line? | |
2135 @cindex Prefix character, inserting in mail/news replies | |
2136 @cindex Replies to mail/news, inserting a prefix character | |
2137 @cindex @code{mail-yank-prefix} | |
2138 @cindex Mail replies, inserting a prefix character | |
2139 @cindex News replies, inserting a prefix character | |
2140 | |
2141 To do this to an entire buffer, type @kbd{M-< M-x replace-regexp | |
2142 @key{RET} ^ @key{RET} > @key{RET}}. | |
2143 | |
37447
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Adapt to the change of string-rectangle back to 20.x behaviour.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
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2144 To do this to a region, use @code{string-insert-rectangle}. |
25474 | 2145 Set the mark (@kbd{C-@key{SPC}}) at the beginning of the first line you |
2146 want to prefix, move the cursor to last line to be prefixed, and type | |
37447
0bc52782144f
Adapt to the change of string-rectangle back to 20.x behaviour.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2147 @kbd{M-x string-insert-rectangle @key{RET}}. To do this for the whole |
0bc52782144f
Adapt to the change of string-rectangle back to 20.x behaviour.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
37079
diff
changeset
|
2148 buffer, type @kbd{C-x h M-x string-insert-rectangle @key{RET}}. |
25474 | 2149 |
2150 If you are trying to prefix a yanked mail message with @samp{>}, you | |
34741
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|
2151 might want to set the variable @code{mail-yank-prefix}. Better yet, use |
25474 | 2152 the Supercite package (@pxref{Supercite}), which provides flexible |
34741
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|
2153 citation for yanked mail and news messages; it is included in Emacs |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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|
2154 since version 19.20. @xref{Changing the included text prefix}, for |
13240ff7920b
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|
2155 additional information. |
25474 | 2156 |
2157 @node Underlining paragraphs, Repeating a command as many times as possible, Inserting > at the beginning of each line, Common requests | |
2158 @section How do I insert "_^H" before each character in a region to get an underlined paragraph? | |
2159 @cindex Underlining a region of text | |
2160 @cindex @code{underline-region} | |
2161 | |
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2162 Mark the region and then type @kbd{M-x underline-region @key{RET}}. |
25474 | 2163 |
2164 @node Repeating a command as many times as possible, Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Underlining paragraphs, Common requests | |
2165 @section How do I repeat a command as many times as possible? | |
34741
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2166 @cindex Repeating commands many times |
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2167 @cindex Commands, repeating many times |
25474 | 2168 |
2169 Use @kbd{C-x (} and @kbd{C-x )} to make a keyboard macro that invokes | |
2170 the command and then type @kbd{M-0 C-x e}. | |
2171 | |
2172 Any messages your command prints in the echo area will be suppressed. | |
2173 | |
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2174 If you need to repeat a command a small number of times, you can use |
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2175 @kbd{C-x z}, see @ref{Repeating commands}. |
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2176 |
25474 | 2177 @node Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Repeating a command as many times as possible, Common requests |
2178 @section How do I make Emacs behave like this: when I go up or down, the cursor should stay in the same column even if the line is too short? | |
2179 @cindex @code{picture-mode} | |
2180 @cindex Remaining in the same column, regardless of contents | |
2181 @cindex Vertical movement in empty documents | |
2182 | |
2183 @kbd{M-x picture-mode}. | |
2184 | |
2185 @node Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Using regular expressions, Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Common requests | |
2186 @section How do I tell Emacs to iconify itself? | |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
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|
2187 @cindex Iconification under the X Window System |
94d46968a93f
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|
2188 @cindex X Window System and iconification |
25474 | 2189 @cindex Suspending Emacs |
2190 | |
35188
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changeset
|
2191 @kbd{C-z} iconifies Emacs when running under X and suspends Emacs |
25474 | 2192 otherwise. @inforef{Misc X, Misc X, emacs}. |
2193 | |
2194 @node Using regular expressions, Replacing text across multiple files, Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Common requests | |
2195 @section How do I use regexps (regular expressions) in Emacs? | |
2196 @cindex Regexps | |
2197 @cindex Regular expressions | |
2198 @cindex Differences between Unix and Emacs regexps | |
2199 @cindex Unix regeps, differences from Emacs | |
2200 @cindex Text strings, putting regexps in | |
2201 | |
2202 @inforef{Regexps, Regexps, emacs}. | |
2203 | |
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2204 The @code{or} operator is @samp{\|}, not @samp{|}, and the grouping operators |
25474 | 2205 are @samp{\(} and @samp{\)}. Also, the string syntax for a backslash is |
2206 @samp{\\}. To specify a regular expression like @samp{xxx\(foo\|bar\)} | |
2207 in a Lisp string, use @samp{xxx\\(foo\\|bar\\)}. | |
2208 | |
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|
2209 Note the doubled backslashes! |
25474 | 2210 |
2211 @itemize @bullet | |
2212 | |
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|
2213 @item |
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|
2214 Unlike in Unix @file{grep}, @file{sed}, etc., a complement character set |
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|
2215 (@samp{[^...]}) can match a newline character (@key{LFD} a.k.a.@: |
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|
2216 @kbd{C-j} a.k.a.@: @samp{\n}), unless newline is mentioned as one of the |
25474 | 2217 characters not to match. |
2218 | |
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|
2219 @item |
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|
2220 The character syntax regexps (e.g., @samp{\sw}) are not |
25474 | 2221 meaningful inside character set regexps (e.g., @samp{[aeiou]}). (This |
2222 is actually typical for regexp syntax.) | |
2223 | |
2224 @end itemize | |
2225 | |
2226 @node Replacing text across multiple files, Documentation for etags, Using regular expressions, Common requests | |
2227 @section How do I perform a replace operation across more than one file? | |
2228 @cindex Replacing strings across files | |
2229 @cindex Multiple files, replacing across | |
2230 @cindex Files, replacing strings across multiple | |
2231 | |
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|
2232 The ``tags'' feature of Emacs includes the command |
25474 | 2233 @code{tags-query-replace} which performs a query-replace across all the |
34741
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diff
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|
2234 files mentioned in the @file{TAGS} file. @inforef{Tags Search, Tags Search, |
25474 | 2235 emacs}. |
2236 | |
2237 As of Emacs 19.29, Dired mode (@kbd{M-x dired @key{RET}}, or @kbd{C-x | |
2238 d}) supports the command @code{dired-do-query-replace}, which allows | |
2239 users to replace regular expressions in multiple files. | |
2240 | |
2241 @node Documentation for etags, Disabling backups, Replacing text across multiple files, Common requests | |
34741
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diff
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|
2242 @section Where is the documentation for @code{etags}? |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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diff
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|
2243 @cindex Documentation for @code{etags} |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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diff
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|
2244 @cindex @code{etags}, documentation for |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2245 |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2246 The @code{etags} man page should be in the same place as the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2247 @code{emacs} man page. |
25474 | 2248 |
2249 Quick command-line switch descriptions are also available. For example, | |
2250 @samp{etags -H}. | |
2251 | |
2252 @node Disabling backups, Disabling auto-save-mode, Documentation for etags, Common requests | |
2253 @section How do I disable backup files? | |
2254 @cindex Backups, disabling | |
2255 @cindex Disabling backups | |
2256 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2257 You probably don't want to do this, since backups are useful, especially |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2258 when something goes wrong. |
25474 | 2259 |
2260 To avoid seeing backup files (and other "uninteresting" files) in Dired, | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2261 load @code{dired-x} by adding the following to your @file{.emacs} file: |
25474 | 2262 |
2263 @lisp | |
2264 (add-hook 'dired-load-hook | |
28344
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
2265 (lambda () |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
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changeset
|
2266 (load "dired-x"))) |
25474 | 2267 @end lisp |
2268 | |
34741
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parents:
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diff
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|
2269 With @code{dired-x} loaded, @kbd{M-o} toggles omitting in each dired buffer. |
25474 | 2270 You can make omitting the default for new dired buffers by putting the |
2271 following in your @file{.emacs}: | |
2272 | |
2273 @lisp | |
30692
b2cc8b3e837e
(Disabling backups): Replace reference to
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
30009
diff
changeset
|
2274 (add-hook 'dired-mode-hook 'dired-omit-toggle) |
25474 | 2275 @end lisp |
2276 | |
34741
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parents:
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changeset
|
2277 If you're tired of seeing backup files whenever you do an @samp{ls} at |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2278 the Unix shell, try GNU @code{ls} with the @samp{-B} option. GNU |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2279 @code{ls} is part of the GNU Fileutils package, available from |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2280 @samp{ftp.gnu.org} and its mirrors (@pxref{Current GNU distributions}). |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2281 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2282 To disable or change the way backups are made, @inforef{Backup Names, , |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2283 emacs}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2284 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2285 @cindex Backup files in a single directory |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2286 Beginning with Emacs 21.1, you can control where Emacs puts backup files |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2287 by customizing the variable @code{backup-directory-alist}. This |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2288 variable's value specifies that files whose names match specific patters |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2289 should have their backups put in certain directories. A typical use is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2290 to add the element @code{("." . @var{dir})} to force Emacs to put |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2291 @strong{all} backup files in the directory @file{dir}. |
25474 | 2292 |
36301
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2293 @node Disabling auto-save-mode, Going to a line by number, Disabling backups, Common requests |
25474 | 2294 @section How do I disable @code{auto-save-mode}? |
2295 @cindex Disabling @code{auto-save-mode} | |
2296 @cindex Auto-saving | |
2297 @cindex Saving at frequent intervals | |
2298 | |
2299 You probably don't want to do this, since auto-saving is useful, | |
2300 especially when Emacs or your computer crashes while you are editing a | |
2301 document. | |
2302 | |
2303 Instead, you might want to change the variable | |
2304 @code{auto-save-interval}, which specifies how many keystrokes Emacs | |
2305 waits before auto-saving. Increasing this value forces Emacs to wait | |
2306 longer between auto-saves, which might annoy you less. | |
2307 | |
2308 You might also want to look into Sebastian Kremer's @code{auto-save} | |
2309 package, available from the Lisp Code Archive (@pxref{Packages that do not come | |
2310 with Emacs}). This | |
2311 package also allows you to place all auto-save files in one directory, | |
2312 such as @file{/tmp}. | |
2313 | |
34741
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Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
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|
2314 To disable or change how @code{auto-save-mode} works, @inforef{Auto |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2315 Save, , emacs}. |
25474 | 2316 |
36301
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2317 @node Going to a line by number, Modifying pull-down menus, Disabling auto-save-mode, Common requests |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2318 @section How can I go to a certain line given its number? |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2319 @cindex Going to a line by number |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2320 @cindex Compilation error messages |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2321 @cindex Recompilation |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2322 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2323 Are you sure you indeed need to go to a line by its number? Perhaps all |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2324 you want is to display a line in your source file for which a compiler |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2325 printed an error message? If so, compiling from within Emacs using the |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2326 @kbd{M-x compile} and @kbd{M-x recompile} commands is a much more |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2327 effective way of doing that. Emacs automatically intercepts the compile |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2328 error messages, inserts them into a special buffer called |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2329 @code{*compilation*}, and lets you visit the locus of each message in |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2330 the source. Type @kbd{C-x `} to step through the offending lines one by |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2331 one. Click @kbd{Mouse-2} or press @key{RET} on a message text in the |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2332 @code{*compilation*} buffer to go to the line whose number is mentioned |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2333 in that message. |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2334 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2335 But if you indeed need to go to a certain text line, type @kbd{M-x |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2336 goto-line @key{RET}}. Emacs will prompt you for the number of the line |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2337 and go to that line. |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2338 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2339 You can do this faster by invoking @code{goto-line} with a numeric |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2340 argument that is the line's number. For example, @kbd{C-u 286 M-x |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2341 goto-line @key{RET}} will jump to line number 286 in the current |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2342 buffer. |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2343 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2344 If you need to use this command frequently, you might consider binding |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2345 it to a key. The following snippet, if added to your @file{~/.emacs} |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2346 file, will bind the sequence @kbd{C-x g} to @code{goto-line}: |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2347 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2348 @lisp |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2349 (global-set-key "\C-xg" 'goto-line) |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2350 @end lisp |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2351 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2352 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2353 @node Modifying pull-down menus, Deleting menus and menu options, Going to a line by number, Common requests |
25474 | 2354 @section How can I create or modify new pull-down menu options? |
2355 @cindex Pull-down menus, creating or modifying | |
2356 @cindex Menus, creating or modifying | |
2357 @cindex Creating new menu options | |
2358 @cindex Modifying pull-down menus | |
2359 @cindex Menus and keymaps | |
2360 @cindex Keymaps and menus | |
2361 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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diff
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|
2362 Each menu title (e.g., @samp{File}, @samp{Edit}, @samp{Buffers}) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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|
2363 represents a local or global keymap. Selecting a menu title with the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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|
2364 mouse displays that keymap's non-nil contents in the form of a menu. |
25474 | 2365 |
2366 So to add a menu option to an existing menu, all you have to do is add a | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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|
2367 new definition to the appropriate keymap. Adding a @samp{Forward Word} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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|
2368 item to the @samp{Edit} menu thus requires the following Lisp code: |
25474 | 2369 |
2370 @lisp | |
2371 (define-key global-map | |
2372 [menu-bar edit forward] | |
2373 '("Forward word" . forward-word)) | |
2374 @end lisp | |
2375 | |
34741
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|
2376 @noindent |
25474 | 2377 The first line adds the entry to the global keymap, which includes |
2378 global menu bar entries. Replacing the reference to @code{global-map} | |
2379 with a local keymap would add this menu option only within a particular | |
2380 mode. | |
2381 | |
2382 The second line describes the path from the menu-bar to the new entry. | |
34741
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|
2383 Placing this menu entry underneath the @samp{File} menu would mean |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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|
2384 changing the word @code{edit} in the second line to @code{file}. |
25474 | 2385 |
2386 The third line is a cons cell whose first element is the title that will | |
2387 be displayed, and whose second element is the function that will be | |
2388 called when that menu option is invoked. | |
2389 | |
2390 To add a new menu, rather than a new option to an existing menu, we must | |
2391 define an entirely new keymap: | |
2392 | |
2393 @lisp | |
2394 (define-key global-map [menu-bar words] | |
2395 (cons "Words" (make-sparse-keymap "Words"))) | |
2396 @end lisp | |
2397 | |
34741
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|
2398 The above code creates a new sparse keymap, gives it the name |
13240ff7920b
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|
2399 @samp{Words}, and attaches it to the global menu bar. Adding the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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|
2400 @samp{Forward Word} item to this new menu would thus require the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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changeset
|
2401 following code: |
25474 | 2402 |
2403 @lisp | |
2404 (define-key global-map | |
2405 [menu-bar words forward] | |
2406 '("Forward word" . forward-word)) | |
2407 @end lisp | |
2408 | |
34741
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|
2409 @noindent |
25474 | 2410 Note that because of the way keymaps work, menu options are displayed |
2411 with the more recently defined items at the top. Thus if you were to | |
34741
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|
2412 define menu options @samp{foo}, @samp{bar}, and @samp{baz} (in that |
13240ff7920b
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|
2413 order), the menu option @samp{baz} would appear at the top, and |
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|
2414 @samp{foo} would be at the bottom. |
25474 | 2415 |
2416 One way to avoid this problem is to use the function @code{define-key-after}, | |
2417 which works the same as @code{define-key}, but lets you modify where items | |
34741
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|
2418 appear. The following Lisp code would insert the @samp{Forward Word} |
13240ff7920b
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changeset
|
2419 item in the @samp{Edit} menu immediately following the @samp{Undo} item: |
25474 | 2420 |
2421 @lisp | |
2422 (define-key-after | |
2423 (lookup-key global-map [menu-bar edit]) | |
2424 [forward] | |
2425 '("Forward word" . forward-word) | |
2426 'undo) | |
2427 @end lisp | |
2428 | |
2429 Note how the second and third arguments to @code{define-key-after} are | |
2430 different from those of @code{define-key}, and that we have added a new | |
2431 (final) argument, the function after which our new key should be | |
2432 defined. | |
2433 | |
2434 To move a menu option from one position to another, simply evaluate | |
2435 @code{define-key-after} with the appropriate final argument. | |
2436 | |
34741
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|
2437 More detailed information---and more examples of how to create and |
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|
2438 modify menu options---are in the @cite{Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}, under |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2439 ``Menu Keymaps''. (@xref{Emacs Lisp documentation}, for information on |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2440 this manual.) |
25474 | 2441 |
2442 @node Deleting menus and menu options, Turning on syntax highlighting, Modifying pull-down menus, Common requests | |
2443 @section How do I delete menus and menu options? | |
2444 @cindex Deleting menus and menu options | |
2445 @cindex Menus, deleting | |
2446 | |
2447 The simplest way to remove a menu is to set its keymap to @samp{nil}. | |
34741
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|
2448 For example, to delete the @samp{Words} menu (@pxref{Modifying pull-down |
25474 | 2449 menus}), use: |
2450 | |
2451 @lisp | |
2452 (define-key global-map [menu-bar words] nil) | |
2453 @end lisp | |
2454 | |
2455 Similarly, removing a menu option requires redefining a keymap entry to | |
34741
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parents:
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changeset
|
2456 @code{nil}. For example, to delete the @samp{Forward word} menu option |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2457 from the @samp{Edit} menu (we added it in @ref{Modifying pull-down |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2458 menus}), use: |
25474 | 2459 |
2460 @lisp | |
2461 (define-key global-map [menu-bar edit forward] nil) | |
2462 @end lisp | |
2463 | |
2464 @node Turning on syntax highlighting, Scrolling only one line, Deleting menus and menu options, Common requests | |
2465 @section How do I turn on syntax highlighting? | |
2466 @cindex Syntax highlighting | |
2467 @cindex @code{font-lock-mode} | |
2468 @cindex Highlighting based on syntax | |
2469 @cindex Colorizing text | |
2470 @cindex FAQ, @code{font-lock-mode} | |
2471 | |
2472 @code{font-lock-mode} is the standard way to have Emacs perform syntax | |
34741
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2473 highlighting in the current buffer. With @code{font-lock-mode} turned |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2474 on, different types of text will appear in different colors. For |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2475 instance, if you turn on @code{font-lock-mode} in a programming mode, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2476 variables will appear in one face, keywords in a second, and comments in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2477 a third. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2478 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2479 @cindex hilit19 is deprecated |
25474 | 2480 Earlier versions of Emacs supported hilit19, a similar package. Use of |
2481 hilit19 is now considered non-standard, although @file{hilit19.el} comes | |
2482 with the stock Emacs distribution. It is no longer maintained. | |
2483 | |
2484 To turn @code{font-lock-mode} on within an existing buffer, use @kbd{M-x | |
2485 font-lock-mode @key{RET}}. | |
2486 | |
2487 To automatically invoke @code{font-lock-mode} when a particular major | |
2488 mode is invoked, set the major mode's hook. For example, to fontify all | |
2489 @code{c-mode} buffers, add the following to your @file{.emacs} file: | |
2490 | |
2491 @lisp | |
2492 (add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock) | |
2493 @end lisp | |
2494 | |
2495 To automatically invoke @code{font-lock-mode} for all major modes, you | |
2496 can turn on @code{global-font-lock-mode} by including the following line | |
2497 in your @file{.emacs} file: | |
2498 | |
2499 @lisp | |
2500 (global-font-lock-mode 1) | |
2501 @end lisp | |
2502 | |
34741
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|
2503 @noindent |
25474 | 2504 This instructs Emacs to turn on font-lock mode in those buffers for |
2505 which a font-lock mode definition has been provided (in the variable | |
2506 @code{font-lock-global-modes}). If you edit a file in | |
2507 @code{pie-ala-mode}, and no font-lock definitions have been provided for | |
2508 @code{pie-ala} files, then the above setting will have no effect on that | |
2509 particular buffer. | |
2510 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2511 Highlighting a buffer with @code{font-lock-mode} can take quite a while, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2512 and cause an annoying delay in display, so several features exist to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2513 work around this. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2514 |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2515 @cindex Just-In-Time syntax highlighting |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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changeset
|
2516 In Emacs 21 and later, turning on @code{font-lock-mode} automatically |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2517 activates the new @dfn{Just-In-Time fontification} provided by |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2518 @code{jit-lock-mode}. @code{jit-lock-mode} defers the fontification of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2519 portions of buffer until you actually need to see them, and can also |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2520 fontify while Emacs is idle. This makes display of the visible portion |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2521 of a buffer almost instantaneous. For details about customizing |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2522 @code{jit-lock-mode}, type @kbd{C-h f jit-lock-mode @key{RET}}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2523 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2524 @cindex Levels of syntax highlighting |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2525 @cindex Decoration level, in @code{font-lock-mode} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2526 In versions of Emacs before 21, different levels of decoration are |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2527 available, from slight to gaudy. More decoration means you need to wait |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2528 more time for a buffer to be fontified (or a faster machine). To |
25474 | 2529 control how decorated your buffers should become, set the value of |
2530 @code{font-lock-maximum-decoration} in your @file{.emacs} file, with a | |
2531 @code{nil} value indicating default (usually minimum) decoration, and a | |
2532 @code{t} value indicating the maximum decoration. For the gaudiest | |
2533 possible look, then, include the line | |
2534 | |
2535 @lisp | |
2536 (setq font-lock-maximum-decoration t) | |
2537 @end lisp | |
2538 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2539 @noindent |
25474 | 2540 in your @file{.emacs} file. You can also set this variable such that |
2541 different modes are highlighted in a different ways; for more | |
2542 information, see the documentation for | |
2543 @code{font-lock-maximum-decoration} with @kbd{C-h v} (or @kbd{M-x | |
2544 describe-variable @key{RET}}). | |
2545 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
2546 @cindex Lazy font-lock |
25474 | 2547 You might also want to investigate @code{fast-lock-mode} and |
2548 @code{lazy-lock-mode}, versions of @code{font-lock-mode} that speed up | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2549 highlighting. These are the alternatives for @code{jit-lock-mode} in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
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changeset
|
2550 versions of Emacs before 21.1. The advantage of @code{lazy-lock-mode} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2551 is that it only fontifies buffers when certain conditions are met, such |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2552 as after a certain amount of idle time, or after you have finished |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
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changeset
|
2553 scrolling through text. See the documentation for @code{lazy-lock-mode} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2554 by typing @kbd{C-h f @code{lazy-lock-mode}} (@kbd{M-x describe-function |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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changeset
|
2555 @key{RET} lazy-lock-mode @key{RET}}). |
25474 | 2556 |
2557 Also see the documentation for the function @code{font-lock-mode}, | |
2558 available by typing @kbd{C-h f font-lock-mode} (@kbd{M-x | |
2559 describe-function @key{RET} font-lock-mode @key{RET}}). | |
2560 | |
2561 For more information on font-lock mode, take a look at the | |
2562 @code{font-lock-mode} FAQ, maintained by | |
2563 @email{jari.aalto@@ntc.nokia.com, Jari Aalto} at | |
2564 | |
2565 @uref{ftp://cs.uta.fi/pub/ssjaaa/ema-font.gui} | |
2566 | |
2567 To print buffers with the faces (i.e., colors and fonts) intact, use | |
2568 @kbd{M-x ps-print-buffer-with-faces} or @kbd{M-x | |
34741
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Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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changeset
|
2569 ps-print-region-with-faces}. You will need a way to send text to a |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2570 PostScript printer, or a PostScript interpreter such as Ghostscript; |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2571 consult the documentation of the variables @code{ps-printer-name}, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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changeset
|
2572 @code{ps-lpr-command}, and @code{ps-lpr-switches} for more details. |
25474 | 2573 |
2574 @node Scrolling only one line, Replacing highlighted text, Turning on syntax highlighting, Common requests | |
2575 @section How can I force Emacs to scroll only one line when I move past the bottom of the screen? | |
2576 @cindex Scrolling only one line | |
46918
82d113655734
Minor spelling and grammar corrections.
Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2577 @cindex Reducing the increment when scrolling |
25474 | 2578 |
2579 Place the following Lisp form in your @file{.emacs} file: | |
2580 | |
2581 @lisp | |
2582 (setq scroll-step 1) | |
2583 @end lisp | |
2584 | |
2585 @inforef{Scrolling, Scrolling, emacs}. | |
2586 | |
2587 @node Replacing highlighted text, Editing MS-DOS files, Scrolling only one line, Common requests | |
2588 @section How can I replace highlighted text with what I type? | |
2589 @cindex @code{delete-selection-mode} | |
2590 @cindex Replacing highlighted text | |
46918
82d113655734
Minor spelling and grammar corrections.
Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com>
parents:
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changeset
|
2591 @cindex Highlighting and replacing text |
25474 | 2592 |
34741
13240ff7920b
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changeset
|
2593 Use @code{delete-selection-mode}, which you can start automatically by |
25474 | 2594 placing the following Lisp form in your @file{.emacs} file: |
2595 | |
2596 @lisp | |
2597 (delete-selection-mode t) | |
2598 @end lisp | |
2599 | |
34741
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|
2600 According to the documentation string for @code{delete-selection-mode} |
13240ff7920b
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|
2601 (which you can read using @kbd{M-x describe-function @key{RET} |
25474 | 2602 delete-selection-mode @key{RET}}): |
2603 | |
2604 @quotation | |
2605 When ON, typed text replaces the selection if the selection is active. | |
2606 When OFF, typed text is just inserted at point. | |
2607 @end quotation | |
2608 | |
2609 This mode also allows you to delete (not kill) the highlighted region by | |
2610 pressing @key{DEL}. | |
2611 | |
2612 @node Editing MS-DOS files, Filling paragraphs with a single space, Replacing highlighted text, Common requests | |
2613 @section How can I edit MS-DOS files using Emacs? | |
2614 @cindex Editing MS-DOS files | |
2615 @cindex MS-DOS files, editing | |
2616 @cindex Microsoft files, editing | |
2617 @cindex Windows files, editing | |
2618 | |
2619 As of Emacs 20, detection and handling of MS-DOS (and Windows) files is | |
34741
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Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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|
2620 performed transparently. You can open MS-DOS files on a Unix system, |
25474 | 2621 edit it, and save it without having to worry about the file format. |
2622 | |
34741
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|
2623 When editing an MS-DOS style file, the mode line will indicate that it |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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|
2624 is a DOS file. On Unix and GNU/Linux systems, and also on a Macintosh, |
13240ff7920b
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changeset
|
2625 the string @samp{(DOS)} will appear near the left edge of the mode line; |
13240ff7920b
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|
2626 on DOS and Windows, where the DOS end-of-line (EOL) format is the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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changeset
|
2627 default, a backslash (@samp{\}) will appear in the mode line. |
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changeset
|
2628 |
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changeset
|
2629 If you are running a version of Emacs before 20.1, get @code{crypt++} |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2630 from the Emacs Lisp Archive (@pxref{Packages that do not come with |
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changeset
|
2631 Emacs}). Among other things, @code{crypt++} transparently modifies |
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|
2632 MS-DOS files as they are loaded and saved, allowing you to ignore the |
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|
2633 different conventions that Unix and MS-DOS have for delineating the end |
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|
2634 of a line. |
25474 | 2635 |
35651
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
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|
2636 @node Filling paragraphs with a single space, Escape sequences in shell output, Editing MS-DOS files, Common requests |
25474 | 2637 @section How can I tell Emacs to fill paragraphs with a single space after each period? |
2638 @cindex One space following periods | |
2639 @cindex Single space following periods | |
2640 @cindex Periods, one space following | |
2641 | |
2642 @email{ulm@@vsnhd1.cern.ch, Ulrich Mueller} suggests adding the | |
2643 following two lines to your @file{.emacs} file: | |
2644 | |
2645 @lisp | |
2646 (setq sentence-end "[.?!][]\"')@}]*\\($\\|[ \t]\\)[ \t\n]*") | |
2647 (setq sentence-end-double-space nil) | |
2648 @end lisp | |
2649 | |
35651
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
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|
2650 @node Escape sequences in shell output, , Filling paragraphs with a single space, Common requests |
46655 | 2651 @section Why these strange escape sequences from @code{ls} from the Shell mode? |
35651
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
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|
2652 @cindex Escape sequences in @code{ls} output |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
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|
2653 @cindex @code{ls} in Shell mode |
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(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
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changeset
|
2654 |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
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diff
changeset
|
2655 This happens because @code{ls} is aliased to @samp{ls --color} in your |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
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diff
changeset
|
2656 shell init file. You have two alternatives to solve this: |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2657 |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
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diff
changeset
|
2658 @itemize @bullet |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2659 @item |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2660 Make the alias conditioned on the @code{EMACS} variable in the |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2661 environment. When Emacs runs a subsidiary shell, it exports the |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2662 @code{EMACS} variable with the value @code{t} to that shell. You can |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2663 unalias @code{ls} when that happens, thus limiting the alias to your |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2664 interactive sessions. |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2665 |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2666 @item |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2667 Install the @code{ansi-color} package (bundled with Emacs 21.1 and |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2668 later), which converts these ANSI escape sequences into colors. |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2669 @end itemize |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2670 |
25474 | 2671 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ |
2672 @node Bugs and problems, Compiling and installing Emacs, Common requests, Top | |
2673 @chapter Bugs and problems | |
2674 @cindex Bugs and problems | |
2675 | |
38687
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2676 The Emacs manual lists some common kinds of trouble users could get |
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2677 into, see @ref{Lossage, , Dealing with Emacs Trouble, emacs, The GNU |
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2678 Emacs Manual}, so you might look there if the problem you encounter |
38770
4cbe0f799a15
(Bugs and problems): Fix wording.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38687
diff
changeset
|
2679 isn't described in this chapter. If you decide you've discovered a bug, |
4cbe0f799a15
(Bugs and problems): Fix wording.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38687
diff
changeset
|
2680 see @ref{Bugs, , Reporting Bugs, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}, for |
38687
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2681 instructions how to do that. |
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2682 |
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2683 The file @file{etc/PROBLEMS} in the Emacs distribution lists various |
38770
4cbe0f799a15
(Bugs and problems): Fix wording.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38687
diff
changeset
|
2684 known problems with building and using Emacs on specific platforms; |
4cbe0f799a15
(Bugs and problems): Fix wording.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38687
diff
changeset
|
2685 type @kbd{C-h P} to read it. |
38687
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2686 |
25474 | 2687 @menu |
2688 * Problems with very large files:: | |
2689 * ^M in the shell buffer:: | |
2690 * Shell process exits abnormally:: | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2691 * Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows:: |
25474 | 2692 * Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs:: |
2693 * Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode:: | |
2694 * Problems talking to certain hosts:: | |
2695 * Errors with init files:: | |
2696 * Emacs ignores X resources:: | |
36301
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2697 * Emacs ignores frame parameters:: |
25474 | 2698 * Emacs takes a long time to visit files:: |
2699 * Editing files with $ in the name:: | |
2700 * Shell mode loses the current directory:: | |
2701 * Security risks with Emacs:: | |
2702 * Dired claims that no file is on this line:: | |
2703 @end menu | |
2704 | |
2705 @node Problems with very large files, ^M in the shell buffer, Bugs and problems, Bugs and problems | |
2706 @section Does Emacs have problems with files larger than 8 megabytes? | |
2707 @cindex Very large files, opening | |
2708 @cindex Large files, opening | |
2709 @cindex Opening very large files | |
2710 @cindex Maximum file size | |
2711 @cindex Files, maximum size | |
2712 | |
2713 Old versions (i.e., anything before 19.29) of Emacs had problems editing | |
2714 files larger than 8 megabytes. As of version 19.29, the maximum buffer | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2715 size is at least 2^27-1, or 134,217,727 bytes, or 132 MBytes. Emacs 20 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2716 can be compiled on some 64-bit systems in a way that enlarges the buffer |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2717 size up to 576,460,752,303,423,487 bytes, or 549,755,813 GBytes. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2718 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2719 If you are using a version of Emacs older than 19.29 and cannot upgrade, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2720 you will have to recompile. @email{lnz@@lucid.com, Leonard N. Zubkoff} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2721 suggests putting the following two lines in @file{src/config.h} before |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2722 compiling Emacs to allow for 26-bit integers and pointers (and thus file |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2723 sizes of up to 33,554,431 bytes): |
25474 | 2724 |
2725 @example | |
2726 #define VALBITS 26 | |
2727 #define GCTYPEBITS 5 | |
2728 @end example | |
2729 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2730 @noindent |
25474 | 2731 This method may result in "ILLEGAL DATATYPE" and other random errors on |
2732 some machines. | |
2733 | |
2734 @email{daveg@@csvax.cs.caltech.edu, David Gillespie} explains how this | |
2735 problems crops up; while his numbers are true only for pre-19.29 | |
2736 versions of Emacs, the theory remains the same with current versions. | |
2737 | |
2738 @quotation | |
2739 Emacs is largely written in a dialect of Lisp; Lisp is a freely-typed | |
2740 language in the sense that you can put any value of any type into any | |
2741 variable, or return it from a function, and so on. So each value | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2742 must carry a @dfn{tag} along with it identifying what kind of thing it |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2743 is, e.g., integer, pointer to a list, pointer to an editing buffer, and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2744 so on. Emacs uses standard 32-bit integers for data objects, taking the |
25474 | 2745 top 8 bits for the tag and the bottom 24 bits for the value. So |
2746 integers (and pointers) are somewhat restricted compared to true C | |
2747 integers and pointers. | |
2748 @end quotation | |
2749 | |
2750 @node ^M in the shell buffer, Shell process exits abnormally, Problems with very large files, Bugs and problems | |
2751 @section How do I get rid of @samp{^M} or echoed commands in my shell buffer? | |
2752 @cindex Shell buffer, echoed commands and @samp{^M} in | |
2753 @cindex Echoed commands in @code{shell-mode} | |
2754 | |
2755 Try typing @kbd{M-x shell-strip-ctrl-m @key{RET}} while in @code{shell-mode} to | |
2756 make them go away. If that doesn't work, you have several options: | |
2757 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2758 For @code{tcsh}, put this in your @file{.cshrc} (or @file{.tcshrc}) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2759 file: |
25474 | 2760 |
2761 @example | |
2762 if ($?EMACS) then | |
2763 if ("$EMACS" == t) then | |
2764 if ($?tcsh) unset edit | |
2765 stty nl | |
2766 endif | |
2767 endif | |
2768 @end example | |
2769 | |
2770 Or put this in your @file{.emacs_tcsh} file: | |
2771 | |
2772 @example | |
2773 unset edit | |
2774 stty nl | |
2775 @end example | |
2776 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2777 Alternatively, use @code{csh} in your shell buffers instead of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2778 @code{tcsh}. One way is: |
25474 | 2779 |
2780 @lisp | |
2781 (setq explicit-shell-file-name "/bin/csh") | |
2782 @end lisp | |
2783 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2784 @noindent |
25474 | 2785 and another is to do this in your @file{.cshrc} (or @file{.tcshrc}) |
2786 file: | |
2787 | |
2788 @example | |
2789 setenv ESHELL /bin/csh | |
2790 @end example | |
2791 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2792 @noindent |
25474 | 2793 (You must start Emacs over again with the environment variable properly |
2794 set for this to take effect.) | |
2795 | |
2796 You can also set the @code{ESHELL} environment variable in Emacs Lisp | |
2797 with the following Lisp form, | |
2798 | |
2799 @lisp | |
2800 (setenv "ESHELL" "/bin/csh") | |
2801 @end lisp | |
2802 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2803 The above solutions try to prevent the shell from producing the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2804 @samp{^M} characters in the first place. If this is not possible |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2805 (e.g., if you use a Windows shell), you can get Emacs to remove these |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2806 characters from the buffer by adding this to your @file{.emacs} init |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2807 file: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2808 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2809 @smalllisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2810 (add-hook 'comint-output-filter-functions 'shell-strip-ctrl-m) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2811 @end smalllisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2812 |
25474 | 2813 On a related note: If your shell is echoing your input line in the shell |
2814 buffer, you might want to try the following command in your shell | |
2815 start-up file: | |
2816 | |
2817 @example | |
2818 stty -icrnl -onlcr -echo susp ^Z | |
2819 @end example | |
2820 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2821 @node Shell process exits abnormally, Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows, ^M in the shell buffer, Bugs and problems |
25474 | 2822 @section Why do I get "Process shell exited abnormally with code 1"? |
2823 @cindex Abnormal exits from @code{shell-mode} | |
2824 @cindex @code{shell-mode} exits | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2825 @cindex Process shell exited |
25474 | 2826 |
2827 The most likely reason for this message is that the @samp{env} program | |
2828 is not properly installed. Compile this program for your architecture, | |
2829 and install it with @samp{a+x} permission in the architecture-dependent | |
2830 Emacs program directory. (You can find what this directory is at your | |
2831 site by inspecting the value of the variable @code{exec-directory} by | |
2832 typing @kbd{C-h v exec-directory @key{RET}}.) | |
2833 | |
2834 You should also check for other programs named @samp{env} in your path | |
2835 (e.g., SunOS has a program named @file{/usr/bin/env}). We don't | |
2836 understand why this can cause a failure and don't know a general | |
2837 solution for working around the problem in this case. | |
2838 | |
2839 The @samp{make clean} command will remove @samp{env} and other vital | |
2840 programs, so be careful when using it. | |
2841 | |
2842 It has been reported that this sometimes happened when Emacs was started | |
2843 as an X client from an xterm window (i.e., had a controlling tty) but the | |
2844 xterm was later terminated. | |
2845 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2846 See also @samp{PROBLEMS} (in the @file{etc} subdirectory of the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2847 top-level directory when you unpack the Emacs source) for other |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2848 possible causes of this message. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2849 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2850 @node Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows, Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs, Shell process exits abnormally, Bugs and problems |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2851 @section Why do I get an error message when I try to run @kbd{M-x shell}? |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2852 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2853 @cindex Shell Mode, and MS-Windows |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2854 @cindex @code{explicit-shell-file-name} |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2855 On MS-Windows, this might happen because Emacs tries to look for the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2856 shell in a wrong place. The default file name @file{/bin/sh} is |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2857 usually incorrect for non-Unix systems. If you know where your shell |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2858 executable is, set the variable @code{explicit-shell-file-name} in |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2859 your @file{.emacs} file to point to its full file name, like this: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2860 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2861 @lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2862 (setq explicit-shell-file-name "d:/shells/bash.exe") |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2863 @end lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2864 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2865 If you don't know what shell does Emacs use, try the @kbd{M-!} |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2866 command; if that works, put the following line into your |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2867 @file{.emacs}: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2868 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2869 @lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2870 (setq explicit-shell-file-name shell-file-name) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2871 @end lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2872 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2873 @cindex Antivirus programs, and Shell Mode |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2874 Some people have trouble with Shell Mode because of intrusive |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2875 antivirus software; disabling the resident antivirus program solves |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2876 the problems in those cases. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2877 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2878 @node Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs, Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode, Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows, Bugs and problems |
25474 | 2879 @section Where is the termcap/terminfo entry for terminal type "emacs"? |
2880 @cindex Termcap | |
2881 @cindex Terminfo | |
2882 @cindex Emacs entries for termcap/terminfo | |
2883 | |
2884 The termcap entry for terminal type @samp{emacs} is ordinarily put in | |
2885 the @samp{TERMCAP} environment variable of subshells. It may help in | |
2886 certain situations (e.g., using rlogin from shell buffer) to add an | |
2887 entry for @samp{emacs} to the system-wide termcap file. Here is a | |
2888 correct termcap entry for @samp{emacs}: | |
2889 | |
2890 @example | |
2891 emacs:tc=unknown: | |
2892 @end example | |
2893 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2894 To make a terminfo entry for @samp{emacs}, use @code{tic} or |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2895 @code{captoinfo}. You need to generate |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2896 @file{/usr/lib/terminfo/e/emacs}. It may work to simply copy |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2897 @file{/usr/lib/terminfo/d/dumb} to @file{/usr/lib/terminfo/e/emacs}. |
25474 | 2898 |
2899 Having a termcap/terminfo entry will not enable the use of full screen | |
2900 programs in shell buffers. Use @kbd{M-x terminal-emulator} for that | |
2901 instead. | |
2902 | |
2903 A workaround to the problem of missing termcap/terminfo entries is to | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2904 change terminal type @samp{emacs} to type @samp{dumb} or @samp{unknown} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2905 in your shell start up file. @code{csh} users could put this in their |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2906 @file{.cshrc} files: |
25474 | 2907 |
2908 @example | |
2909 if ("$term" == emacs) set term=dumb | |
2910 @end example | |
2911 | |
2912 @node Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode, Problems talking to certain hosts, Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs, Bugs and problems | |
2913 @section Why does Emacs spontaneously start displaying "I-search:" and beeping? | |
2914 @cindex Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode | |
2915 @cindex isearch-mode, spontaneous entry into | |
2916 @cindex Beeping without obvious reason | |
2917 | |
2918 Your terminal (or something between your terminal and the computer) is | |
2919 sending @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} for flow control, and Emacs is receiving | |
2920 these characters and interpreting them as commands. (The @kbd{C-s} | |
2921 character normally invokes the @code{isearch-forward} command.) For | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2922 possible solutions, see @ref{Handling C-s and C-q with flow control}. |
25474 | 2923 |
2924 @node Problems talking to certain hosts, Errors with init files, Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode, Bugs and problems | |
2925 @section Why can't Emacs talk to certain hosts (or certain hostnames)? | |
2926 @cindex Hosts, Emacs cannot talk to | |
2927 @cindex @code{gethostbyname}, problematic version | |
2928 | |
2929 The problem may be that Emacs is linked with a wimpier version of | |
2930 @code{gethostbyname} than the rest of the programs on the machine. This | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2931 is often manifested as a message on startup of ``X server not responding. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2932 Check your @samp{DISPLAY} environment variable.'' or a message of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2933 ``Unknown host'' from @code{open-network-stream}. |
25474 | 2934 |
2935 On a Sun, this may be because Emacs had to be linked with the static C | |
2936 library. The version of @code{gethostbyname} in the static C library | |
2937 may only look in @file{/etc/hosts} and the NIS (YP) maps, while the | |
2938 version in the dynamic C library may be smart enough to check DNS in | |
2939 addition to or instead of NIS. On a Motorola Delta running System V | |
2940 R3.6, the version of @code{gethostbyname} in the standard library works, | |
2941 but the one that works with NIS doesn't (the one you get with -linet). | |
2942 Other operating systems have similar problems. | |
2943 | |
2944 Try these options: | |
2945 | |
2946 @itemize @bullet | |
2947 | |
2948 @item | |
2949 Explicitly add the host you want to communicate with to @file{/etc/hosts}. | |
2950 | |
2951 @item | |
2952 Relink Emacs with this line in @file{src/config.h}: | |
2953 | |
2954 @example | |
2955 #define LIBS_SYSTEM -lresolv | |
2956 @end example | |
2957 | |
2958 @item | |
2959 Replace @code{gethostbyname} and friends in @file{libc.a} with more | |
2960 useful versions such as the ones in @file{libresolv.a}. Then relink | |
2961 Emacs. | |
2962 | |
2963 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2964 If you are actually running NIS, make sure that @code{ypbind} is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2965 properly told to do DNS lookups with the correct command line switch. |
25474 | 2966 |
2967 @end itemize | |
2968 | |
2969 @node Errors with init files, Emacs ignores X resources, Problems talking to certain hosts, Bugs and problems | |
2970 @section Why does Emacs say "Error in init file"? | |
2971 @cindex Error in @file{.emacs} | |
2972 @cindex Error in init file | |
2973 @cindex Init file, errors in | |
2974 @cindex @file{.emacs} file, errors in | |
2975 @cindex Debugging @file{.emacs} file | |
2976 | |
2977 An error occurred while loading either your @file{.emacs} file or the | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2978 system-wide file @file{lisp/default.el}. Emacs 21.1 and later pops the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2979 @file{*Messages*} buffer, and puts there some additional information |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2980 about the error, to provide some hints for debugging. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2981 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2982 For information on how to debug your @file{.emacs} file, see |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2983 @ref{Debugging a customization file}. |
25474 | 2984 |
2985 It may be the case that you need to load some package first, or use a | |
2986 hook that will be evaluated after the package is loaded. A common case | |
2987 of this is explained in @ref{Terminal setup code works after Emacs has | |
2988 begun}. | |
2989 | |
36301
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2990 @node Emacs ignores X resources, Emacs ignores frame parameters, Errors with init files, Bugs and problems |
25474 | 2991 @section Why does Emacs ignore my X resources (my .Xdefaults file)? |
2992 @cindex X resources being ignored | |
2993 @cindex Ignored X resources | |
2994 @cindex @file{.Xdefaults} | |
2995 | |
2996 As of version 19, Emacs searches for X resources in the files specified | |
2997 by the following environment variables: | |
2998 | |
2999 @itemize @bullet | |
3000 | |
3001 @item @code{XFILESEARCHPATH} | |
3002 @item @code{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH} | |
3003 @item @code{XAPPLRESDIR} | |
3004 | |
3005 @end itemize | |
3006 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3007 This emulates the functionality provided by programs written using the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3008 Xt toolkit. |
25474 | 3009 |
3010 @code{XFILESEARCHPATH} and @code{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH} should be a list | |
3011 of file names separated by colons. @code{XAPPLRESDIR} should be a list | |
3012 of directory names separated by colons. | |
3013 | |
3014 Emacs searches for X resources: | |
3015 | |
3016 @enumerate | |
3017 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3018 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3019 specified on the command line, with the @samp{-xrm RESOURCESTRING} option, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3020 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3021 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3022 then in the value of the @samp{XENVIRONMENT} environment variable, |
25474 | 3023 |
3024 @itemize @minus | |
3025 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3026 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3027 or if that is unset, in the file named |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3028 @file{~/.Xdefaults-@var{hostname}} if it exists (where @var{hostname} is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3029 the name of the machine Emacs is running on), |
25474 | 3030 |
3031 @end itemize | |
3032 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3033 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3034 then in the screen-specific and server-wide resource properties provided |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3035 by the server, |
25474 | 3036 |
3037 @itemize @minus | |
3038 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3039 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3040 or if those properties are unset, in the file named @file{~/.Xdefaults} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3041 if it exists, |
25474 | 3042 |
3043 @end itemize | |
3044 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3045 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3046 then in the files listed in @samp{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH}, |
25474 | 3047 |
3048 @itemize @minus | |
3049 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3050 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3051 or in files named @file{@var{lang}/Emacs} in directories listed in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3052 @samp{XAPPLRESDIR} (where @var{lang} is the value of the @code{LANG} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3053 environment variable), if the @samp{LANG} environment variable is set, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3054 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3055 or in files named Emacs in the directories listed in @samp{XAPPLRESDIR} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3056 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3057 or in @file{~/@var{lang}/Emacs} (if the @code{LANG} environment variable |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3058 is set), |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3059 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3060 or in @file{~/Emacs}, |
25474 | 3061 |
3062 @end itemize | |
3063 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3064 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3065 then in the files listed in @code{XFILESEARCHPATH}. |
25474 | 3066 |
3067 @end enumerate | |
3068 | |
36301
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3069 @node Emacs ignores frame parameters, Emacs takes a long time to visit files, Emacs ignores X resources, Bugs and problems |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3070 @section Why don't my customizations of the frame parameters work? |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3071 @cindex Frame parameters |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3072 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3073 This probably happens because you have set the frame parameters in the |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3074 variable @code{initial-frame-alist}. That variable holds parameters |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3075 used only for the first frame created when Emacs starts. To customize |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3076 the parameters of all frames, change the variable |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3077 @code{default-frame-alist} instead. |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3078 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3079 These two variables exist because many users customize the initial frame |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3080 in a special way. For example, you could determine the position and |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3081 size of the initial frame, but would like to control the geometry of the |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3082 other frames by individually positioning each one of them. |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3083 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3084 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3085 @node Emacs takes a long time to visit files, Editing files with $ in the name, Emacs ignores frame parameters, Bugs and problems |
25474 | 3086 @section Why does Emacs take 20 seconds to visit a file? |
3087 @cindex Visiting files takes a long time | |
3088 @cindex Delay when visiting files | |
3089 @cindex Files, take a long time to visit | |
3090 | |
3091 Old versions of Emacs (i.e., versions before Emacs 20.x) often | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3092 encountered this when the master lock file, @file{!!!SuperLock!!!}, has |
25474 | 3093 been left in the lock directory somehow. Delete it. |
3094 | |
3095 @email{meuer@@geom.umn.edu, Mark Meuer} says that NeXT NFS has a bug | |
3096 where an exclusive create succeeds but returns an error status. This | |
3097 can cause the same problem. Since Emacs's file locking doesn't work | |
3098 over NFS anyway, the best solution is to recompile Emacs with | |
3099 @code{CLASH_DETECTION} undefined. | |
3100 | |
3101 @node Editing files with $ in the name, Shell mode loses the current directory, Emacs takes a long time to visit files, Bugs and problems | |
3102 @section How do I edit a file with a @samp{$} in its name? | |
3103 @cindex Editing files with @samp{$} in the name | |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3104 @cindex @samp{$} in file names |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3105 @cindex File names containing @samp{$}, editing |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3106 |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3107 When entering a file name in the minibuffer, Emacs will attempt to expand |
25474 | 3108 a @samp{$} followed by a word as an environment variable. To suppress |
3109 this behavior, type @kbd{$$} instead. | |
3110 | |
3111 @node Shell mode loses the current directory, Security risks with Emacs, Editing files with $ in the name, Bugs and problems | |
3112 @section Why does shell mode lose track of the shell's current directory? | |
3113 @cindex Current directory and @code{shell-mode} | |
3114 @cindex @code{shell-mode} and current directory | |
3115 @cindex Directory, current in @code{shell-mode} | |
3116 | |
3117 Emacs has no way of knowing when the shell actually changes its | |
3118 directory. This is an intrinsic limitation of Unix. So it tries to | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3119 guess by recognizing @samp{cd} commands. If you type @kbd{cd} followed |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3120 by a directory name with a variable reference (@kbd{cd $HOME/bin}) or |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3121 with a shell metacharacter (@kbd{cd ../lib*}), Emacs will fail to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3122 correctly guess the shell's new current directory. A huge variety of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3123 fixes and enhancements to shell mode for this problem have been written |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3124 to handle this problem. Check the Lisp Code Directory (@pxref{Finding a |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3125 package with particular functionality}). |
25474 | 3126 |
3127 You can tell Emacs the shell's current directory with the command | |
3128 @kbd{M-x dirs}. | |
3129 | |
3130 @node Security risks with Emacs, Dired claims that no file is on this line, Shell mode loses the current directory, Bugs and problems | |
3131 @section Are there any security risks in Emacs? | |
3132 @cindex Security with Emacs | |
3133 @cindex @samp{movemail} and security | |
3134 @cindex @code{file-local-variable} and security | |
3135 @cindex Synthetic X events and security | |
3136 @cindex X events and security | |
3137 | |
3138 @itemize @bullet | |
3139 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3140 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3141 The @file{movemail} incident. (No, this is not a risk.) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3142 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3143 In his book @cite{The Cuckoo's Egg}, Cliff Stoll describes this in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3144 chapter 4. The site at LBL had installed the @file{/etc/movemail} |
25474 | 3145 program setuid root. (As of version 19, @file{movemail} is in your |
3146 architecture-specific directory; type @kbd{C-h v exec-directory | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3147 @key{RET}} to see what it is.) Since @code{movemail} had not been |
25474 | 3148 designed for this situation, a security hole was created and users could |
3149 get root privileges. | |
3150 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3151 @code{movemail} has since been changed so that this security hole will |
25474 | 3152 not exist, even if it is installed setuid root. However, |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3153 @code{movemail} no longer needs to be installed setuid root, which |
25474 | 3154 should eliminate this particular risk. |
3155 | |
3156 We have heard unverified reports that the 1988 Internet worm took | |
3157 advantage of this configuration problem. | |
3158 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3159 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3160 The @code{file-local-variable} feature. (Yes, a risk, but easy to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3161 change.) |
25474 | 3162 |
3163 There is an Emacs feature that allows the setting of local values for | |
3164 variables when editing a file by including specially formatted text near | |
3165 the end of the file. This feature also includes the ability to have | |
3166 arbitrary Emacs Lisp code evaluated when the file is visited. | |
3167 Obviously, there is a potential for Trojan horses to exploit this | |
3168 feature. | |
3169 | |
3170 Emacs 18 allowed this feature by default; users could disable it by | |
3171 setting the variable @code{inhibit-local-variables} to a non-nil value. | |
3172 | |
3173 As of Emacs 19, Emacs has a list of local variables that create a | |
3174 security risk. If a file tries to set one of them, it asks the user to | |
3175 confirm whether the variables should be set. You can also tell Emacs | |
3176 whether to allow the evaluation of Emacs Lisp code found at the bottom | |
3177 of files by setting the variable @code{enable-local-eval}. | |
3178 | |
3179 For more information, @inforef{File Variables, File Variables, emacs}. | |
3180 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3181 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3182 Synthetic X events. (Yes, a risk; use @samp{MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1} or |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3183 better.) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3184 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3185 Emacs accepts synthetic X events generated by the @code{SendEvent} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3186 request as though they were regular events. As a result, if you are |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3187 using the trivial host-based authentication, other users who can open X |
25474 | 3188 connections to your X workstation can make your Emacs process do |
3189 anything, including run other processes with your privileges. | |
3190 | |
3191 The only fix for this is to prevent other users from being able to open | |
3192 X connections. The standard way to prevent this is to use a real | |
3193 authentication mechanism, such as @samp{MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1}. If using | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3194 the @code{xauth} program has any effect, then you are probably using |
25474 | 3195 @samp{MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1}. Your site may be using a superior |
3196 authentication method; ask your system administrator. | |
3197 | |
3198 If real authentication is not a possibility, you may be satisfied by | |
3199 just allowing hosts access for brief intervals while you start your X | |
3200 programs, then removing the access. This reduces the risk somewhat by | |
3201 narrowing the time window when hostile users would have access, but | |
3202 @emph{does not eliminate the risk}. | |
3203 | |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35061
diff
changeset
|
3204 On most computers running Unix and X, you enable and disable |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3205 access using the @code{xhost} command. To allow all hosts access to |
25474 | 3206 your X server, use |
3207 | |
3208 @example | |
3209 xhost + | |
3210 @end example | |
3211 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3212 @noindent |
25474 | 3213 at the shell prompt, which (on an HP machine, at least) produces the |
3214 following message: | |
3215 | |
3216 @example | |
3217 access control disabled, clients can connect from any host | |
3218 @end example | |
3219 | |
3220 To deny all hosts access to your X server (except those explicitly | |
3221 allowed by name), use | |
3222 | |
3223 @example | |
3224 xhost - | |
3225 @end example | |
3226 | |
3227 On the test HP computer, this command generated the following message: | |
3228 | |
3229 @example | |
3230 access control enabled, only authorized clients can connect | |
3231 @end example | |
3232 | |
3233 @end itemize | |
3234 | |
3235 @node Dired claims that no file is on this line, , Security risks with Emacs, Bugs and problems | |
3236 @section Dired says, "no file on this line" when I try to do something. | |
3237 @cindex Dired does not see a file | |
3238 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3239 @c FIXME: I think this is fixed in Emacs 21, but I didn't have time to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3240 @c check. |
25474 | 3241 Chances are you're using a localized version of Unix that doesn't use US |
3242 date format in dired listings. You can check this by looking at dired | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3243 listings or by typing @kbd{ls -l} to a shell and looking at the dates that |
25474 | 3244 come out. |
3245 | |
3246 Dired uses a regular expression to find the beginning of a file name. | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3247 In a long Unix-style directory listing (@samp{ls -l}), the file name |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3248 starts after the date. The regexp has thus been written to look for the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3249 date, the format of which can vary on non-US systems. |
25474 | 3250 |
3251 There are two approaches to solving this. The first one involves | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3252 setting things up so that @samp{ls -l} outputs US date format. This can |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3253 be done by setting the locale. See your OS manual for more information. |
25474 | 3254 |
3255 The second approach involves changing the regular expression used by | |
3256 dired, @code{dired-move-to-filename-regexp}. | |
3257 | |
3258 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
3259 @node Compiling and installing Emacs, Finding Emacs and related packages, Bugs and problems, Top | |
3260 @chapter Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3261 @cindex Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3262 | |
3263 @menu | |
3264 * Installing Emacs:: | |
3265 * Updating Emacs:: | |
3266 * Problems building Emacs:: | |
3267 * Linking with -lX11 fails:: | |
3268 @end menu | |
3269 | |
3270 @node Installing Emacs, Updating Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3271 @section How do I install Emacs? | |
3272 @cindex Installing Emacs | |
3273 @cindex Unix systems, installing Emacs on | |
3274 @cindex Downloading and installing Emacs | |
3275 @cindex Retrieving and installing Emacs | |
3276 @cindex Building Emacs from source | |
3277 @cindex Source code, building Emacs from | |
3278 @cindex Unpacking and installing Emacs | |
3279 | |
3280 This answer is meant for users of Unix and Unix-like systems. Users of | |
3281 other operating systems should see the series of questions beginning | |
3282 with @ref{Emacs for MS-DOS}, which describe where to get non-Unix source | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3283 and binaries, and how to install Emacs on those systems. |
25474 | 3284 |
3285 For Unix and Unix-like systems, the easiest way is often to compile it | |
3286 from scratch. You will need: | |
3287 | |
3288 @itemize @bullet | |
3289 | |
3290 @item | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3291 Emacs sources. @xref{Current GNU distributions}, for a list of ftp sites |
25474 | 3292 that make them available. On @file{ftp.gnu.org}, the main GNU |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3293 distribution site, sources are available as |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3294 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3295 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/emacs-@value{VER}.tar.gz} |
25474 | 3296 |
3297 The above will obviously change as new versions of Emacs come out. For | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3298 instance, when Emacs 21.42 is released, it will most probably be |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3299 available as |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3300 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3301 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/emacs-21.42.tar.gz} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3302 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3303 Again, you should use one of the GNU mirror sites (see @ref{Current GNU |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3304 distributions}, and adjust the URL accordingly) so as to reduce load on |
25474 | 3305 @file{ftp.gnu.org}. |
3306 | |
3307 @item | |
3308 @code{gzip}, the GNU compression utility. You can get @code{gzip} via | |
3309 anonymous ftp at mirrors of @file{ftp.gnu.org} sites; it should compile | |
3310 and install without much trouble on most systems. Once you have | |
3311 retrieved the Emacs sources, you will probably be able to uncompress | |
3312 them with the command | |
3313 | |
3314 @example | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3315 gunzip --verbose emacs-@value{VER}.tar.gz |
25474 | 3316 @end example |
3317 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3318 @noindent |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3319 changing the Emacs version (@value{VER}), as necessary. Once |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3320 @code{gunzip} has finished doing its job, a file by the name of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3321 @file{emacs-@value{VER}.tar} should be in your build directory. |
25474 | 3322 |
3323 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3324 @code{tar}, the @dfn{tape archiving} program, which moves multiple files |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3325 into and out of archive files, or @dfn{tarfiles}. All of the files |
25474 | 3326 comprising the Emacs source come in a single tarfile, and must be |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3327 extracted using @code{tar} before you can build Emacs. Typically, the |
25474 | 3328 extraction command would look like |
3329 | |
3330 @example | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3331 tar -xvvf emacs-@value{VER}.tar |
25474 | 3332 @end example |
3333 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3334 @noindent |
25474 | 3335 The @samp{x} indicates that we want to extract files from this tarfile, |
3336 the two @samp{v}s force verbose output, and the @samp{f} tells | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3337 @code{tar} to use a disk file, rather than one on the tape drive. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3338 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3339 If you're using GNU @code{tar} (available at mirrors of |
25474 | 3340 @file{ftp.gnu.org}), you can combine this step and the previous one by |
3341 using the command | |
3342 | |
3343 @example | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3344 tar -zxvvf emacs-@value{VER}.tar.gz |
25474 | 3345 @end example |
3346 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3347 @noindent |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3348 The additional @samp{z} at the beginning of the options list tells GNU |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3349 @code{tar} to uncompress the file with @code{gunzip} before extracting |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3350 the tarfile's components. |
25474 | 3351 |
3352 @end itemize | |
3353 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3354 At this point, the Emacs sources (all 70+ megabytes of them) should be |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3355 sitting in a directory called @file{emacs-@value{VER}}. On most common |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3356 Unix and Unix-like systems, you should be able to compile Emacs (with X |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3357 Window system support) with the following commands: |
25474 | 3358 |
3359 @example | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3360 cd emacs-@value{VER} # change directory to emacs-@value{VER} |
25474 | 3361 ./configure # configure Emacs for your particular system |
3362 make # use Makefile to build components, then Emacs | |
3363 @end example | |
3364 | |
3365 If the @code{make} completes successfully, the odds are fairly good that | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3366 the build has gone well. (@xref{Problems building Emacs}, if you weren't |
25474 | 3367 successful.) |
3368 | |
3369 By default, Emacs is installed in the following directories: | |
3370 | |
3371 @table @file | |
3372 @item /usr/local/bin | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3373 binaries. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3374 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3375 @item /usr/local/share/emacs/@value{VER} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3376 Lisp code and support files. |
25474 | 3377 |
3378 @item /usr/local/info | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3379 Info documentation. |
25474 | 3380 @end table |
3381 | |
3382 To install files in those default directories, become the superuser and | |
3383 type | |
3384 | |
3385 @example | |
3386 make install | |
3387 @end example | |
3388 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3389 Note that @samp{make install} will overwrite @file{/usr/local/bin/emacs} |
25474 | 3390 and any Emacs Info files that might be in @file{/usr/local/info}. |
3391 | |
3392 Much more verbose instructions (with many more hints and suggestions) | |
3393 come with the Emacs sources, in the file @file{INSTALL}. | |
3394 | |
3395 @node Updating Emacs, Problems building Emacs, Installing Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3396 @section How do I update Emacs to the latest version? | |
3397 @cindex Updating Emacs | |
3398 | |
3399 @xref{Installing Emacs}, and follow the instructions there for | |
3400 installation. | |
3401 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3402 Most files are placed in version-specific directories. Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3403 @value{VER}, for instance, places files in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3404 @file{/usr/local/share/emacs/@value{VER}}. |
25474 | 3405 |
3406 Upgrading should overwrite only, @file{/usr/local/bin/emacs} (the Emacs | |
3407 binary) and documentation in @file{/usr/local/info}. Back up these | |
3408 files before you upgrade, and you shouldn't have too much trouble. | |
3409 | |
3410 @node Problems building Emacs, Linking with -lX11 fails, Updating Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3411 @section What should I do if I have trouble building Emacs? | |
3412 @cindex Problems building Emacs | |
3413 @cindex Errors when building Emacs | |
3414 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3415 First look in the file @file{etc/PROBLEMS} (where you unpack the Emacs |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3416 source) to see if there is already a solution for your problem. Next, |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3417 look for other questions in this FAQ that have to do with Emacs |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3418 installation and compilation problems. |
25474 | 3419 |
3420 If you'd like to have someone look at your problem and help solve it, | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3421 see @ref{Help installing Emacs}. |
25474 | 3422 |
3423 If you cannot find a solution in the documentation, send a message to | |
3424 @email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org}. | |
3425 | |
37806 | 3426 Please don't post it to @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help} or send e-mail to |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3427 @email{help-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org}. For further guidelines, see |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3428 @ref{Guidelines for newsgroup postings} and @ref{Reporting bugs}. |
25474 | 3429 |
3430 @node Linking with -lX11 fails, , Problems building Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3431 @section Why does linking Emacs with -lX11 fail? | |
3432 @cindex Linking with -lX11 fails | |
3433 @cindex lX11, linking fails with | |
3434 | |
3435 Emacs needs to be linked with the static version of the X11 library, | |
3436 @file{libX11.a}. This may be missing. | |
3437 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3438 On OpenWindows, you may need to use @code{add_services} to add the |
25474 | 3439 "OpenWindows Programmers" optional software category from the CD-ROM. |
3440 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3441 On HP-UX 8.0, you may need to run @code{update} again to load the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3442 X11-PRG ``fileset''. This may be missing even if you specified ``all |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3443 filesets'' the first time. If @file{libcurses.a} is missing, you may |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3444 need to load the ``Berkeley Development Option.'' |
25474 | 3445 |
3446 @email{zoo@@armadillo.com, David Zuhn} says that MIT X builds shared | |
3447 libraries by default, and only shared libraries, on those platforms that | |
3448 support them. These shared libraries can't be used when undumping | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3449 @code{temacs} (the last stage of the Emacs build process). To get |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3450 regular libraries in addition to shared libraries, add this to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3451 @file{site.cf}: |
25474 | 3452 |
3453 @example | |
3454 #define ForceNormalLib YES | |
3455 @end example | |
3456 | |
3457 Other systems may have similar problems. You can always define | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3458 @code{CANNOT_DUMP} and link with the shared libraries instead. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3459 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3460 @cindex X Menus don't work |
25474 | 3461 To get the Xmenu stuff to work, you need to find a copy of MIT's |
3462 @file{liboldX.a}. | |
3463 | |
3464 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
3465 @node Finding Emacs and related packages, Major packages and programs, Compiling and installing Emacs, Top | |
3466 @chapter Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3467 @cindex Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3468 | |
3469 @menu | |
3470 * Finding Emacs on the Internet:: | |
3471 * Finding a package with particular functionality:: | |
3472 * Packages that do not come with Emacs:: | |
3473 * Submitting to the Emacs Lisp Archive:: | |
3474 * Current GNU distributions:: | |
3475 * Difference between Emacs and XEmacs:: | |
3476 * Emacs for MS-DOS:: | |
3477 * Emacs for Windows:: | |
3478 * Emacs for OS/2:: | |
3479 * Emacs for Atari ST:: | |
3480 * Emacs for the Amiga :: | |
3481 * Emacs for NeXTSTEP:: | |
3482 * Emacs for Apple computers:: | |
3483 * Emacs for VMS and DECwindows:: | |
3484 * Modes for various languages:: | |
3485 * Translating names to IP addresses:: | |
3486 @end menu | |
3487 | |
3488 @node Finding Emacs on the Internet, Finding a package with particular functionality, Finding Emacs and related packages, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3489 @section Where can I get Emacs on the net (or by snail mail)? | |
3490 @cindex Finding Emacs on the Internet | |
3491 @cindex Snail mail, ordering Emacs via | |
3492 @cindex Postal service, ordering Emacs via | |
3493 @cindex Distribution, retrieving Emacs | |
46918
82d113655734
Minor spelling and grammar corrections.
Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com>
parents:
46655
diff
changeset
|
3494 @cindex Internet, retrieving from |
25474 | 3495 |
3496 Look in the files @file{etc/DISTRIB} and @file{etc/FTP} for information | |
3497 on nearby archive sites and @file{etc/ORDERS} for mail orders. If you | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3498 don't already have Emacs, see @ref{Informational files for Emacs}, for how |
25474 | 3499 to get these files. |
3500 | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3501 @xref{Installing Emacs}, for information on how to obtain and build the latest |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3502 version of Emacs, and see @ref{Current GNU distributions}, for a list of |
25474 | 3503 archive sites that make GNU software available. |
3504 | |
3505 @node Finding a package with particular functionality, Packages that do not come with Emacs, Finding Emacs on the Internet, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3506 @section How do I find a Emacs Lisp package that does XXX? | |
3507 @cindex Package, finding | |
3508 @cindex Finding an Emacs Lisp package | |
3509 @cindex Functionality, finding a particular package | |
3510 | |
3511 First of all, you should check to make sure that the package isn't | |
3512 already available. For example, typing @kbd{M-x apropos @key{RET} | |
3513 wordstar @key{RET}} lists all functions and variables containing the | |
3514 string @samp{wordstar}. | |
3515 | |
3516 It is also possible that the package is on your system, but has not been | |
3517 loaded. To see which packages are available for loading, look through | |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3518 your computer's lisp directory (@pxref{File-name conventions}). The Lisp |
36344
6c3540ec3c12
(Finding a package with particular functionality):
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
36301
diff
changeset
|
3519 source to most packages contains a short description of how they |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3520 should be loaded, invoked, and configured---so before you use or |
25474 | 3521 modify a Lisp package, see if the author has provided any hints in the |
3522 source code. | |
3523 | |
3524 If a package does not come with Emacs, check the Lisp Code Directory. | |
3525 The LCD was originally maintained by @email{brennan@@hal.com, Dave | |
3526 Brennan}, but was recently taken over by @email{toby@@world.std.com, | |
3527 toby knudsen}, who maintains @uref{http://www.emacs.org}. The LCD is | |
3528 currently being reorganized and updated, but you can meanwhile find many | |
3529 packages at @uref{ftp://ftp.emacs.org/pub}. | |
3530 | |
3531 For now, you can search through the LCD with @file{lispdir.el}, which is | |
3532 in the process of being updated. Download it from the LCD, in the | |
3533 @file{emacs-lisp-attic/misc} directory, and then evaluate the following | |
3534 Lisp form (@pxref{Evaluating Emacs Lisp code}): | |
3535 | |
3536 @lisp | |
3537 (setq lisp-code-directory | |
3538 "/anonymous@@ftp.emacs.org:pub/emacs-lisp-attic/emacs-lisp/LCD-datafile.gz" | |
3539 elisp-archive-host "ftp.emacs.org" | |
3540 elisp-archive-directory "/pub/emacs-lisp-attic/emacs-lisp/") | |
3541 @end lisp | |
3542 | |
3543 Once you have installed @file{lispdir.el}, you can use @kbd{M-x | |
3544 lisp-dir-apropos} to search the listing. For example, @kbd{M-x | |
3545 lisp-dir-apropos @key{RET} ange-ftp @key{RET}} produces this output: | |
3546 | |
3547 @example | |
3548 GNU Emacs Lisp Code Directory Apropos --- "ange-ftp" | |
3549 "~/" refers to archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/elisp-archive/ | |
3550 | |
3551 ange-ftp (4.18) 15-Jul-1992 | |
3552 Andy Norman, <ange@@hplb.hpl.hp.com> | |
3553 ~/packages/ange-ftp.tar.Z | |
3554 transparent FTP Support for GNU Emacs | |
3555 auto-save (1.19) 01-May-1992 | |
3556 Sebastian Kremer, <sk@@thp.uni-koeln.de> | |
3557 ~/misc/auto-save.el.Z | |
3558 Safer autosaving with support for ange-ftp and /tmp | |
3559 ftp-quik (1.0) 28-Jul-1993 | |
3560 Terrence Brannon, <tb06@@pl122f.eecs.lehigh.edu> | |
3561 ~/modes/ftp-quik.el.Z | |
3562 Quik access to dired'ing of ange-ftp and normal paths | |
3563 @end example | |
3564 | |
3565 @node Packages that do not come with Emacs, Submitting to the Emacs Lisp Archive, Finding a package with particular functionality, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3566 @section Where can I get Emacs Lisp packages that don't come with Emacs? | |
3567 @cindex Unbundled packages | |
3568 @cindex Finding other packages | |
3569 @cindex Lisp packages that do not come with Emacs | |
3570 @cindex Packages, those that do not come with Emacs | |
3571 @cindex Emacs Lisp Archive, description of | |
3572 @cindex Archive, description of the Emacs Lisp | |
3573 | |
3574 First, check the Lisp Code Directory to find the name of the package you | |
3575 are looking for (@pxref{Finding a package with particular | |
3576 functionality}). Next, check local archives and the Emacs Lisp Archive | |
3577 to find a copy of the relevant files. If you still haven't found it, | |
3578 you can send e-mail to the author asking for a copy. If you find Emacs | |
3579 Lisp code that doesn't appear in the LCD, please submit a copy to the | |
3580 LCD (@pxref{Submitting to the Emacs Lisp Archive}). | |
3581 | |
3582 You can access the Emacs Lisp Archive at | |
3583 | |
3584 @uref{ftp://archive.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/emacs-lisp/} | |
3585 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3586 @noindent |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3587 or at |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3588 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3589 @uref{http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/emacs-lisp} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3590 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3591 @noindent |
25474 | 3592 Retrieve and read the file @file{README} first. |
3593 | |
3594 @itemize @bullet | |
3595 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3596 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3597 The archive maintainers do not have time to answer individual |
25474 | 3598 requests for packages or the list of packages in the archive. If you |
3599 cannot use FTP or UUCP to access the archive yourself, try to find a | |
3600 friend who can, but please don't ask the maintainers. | |
3601 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3602 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3603 Any files with names ending in @file{.Z}, @file{.z}, or @file{.gz} are |
25474 | 3604 compressed, so you should use "binary" mode in FTP to retrieve them. |
3605 You should also use binary mode whenever you retrieve any files with | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3606 names ending in @file{.elc}. |
25474 | 3607 |
3608 @end itemize | |
3609 | |
3610 @node Submitting to the Emacs Lisp Archive, Current GNU distributions, Packages that do not come with Emacs, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3611 @section How do I submit code to the Emacs Lisp Archive? | |
3612 @cindex Submitting code to the Emacs Lisp Archive | |
3613 @cindex Emacs Lisp Archive, submissions to | |
3614 @cindex Lisp Archive, submissions to | |
3615 @cindex Archive, submitting to the Emacs Lisp | |
3616 | |
3617 Guidelines and procedures for submission to the archive can be found in | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3618 the file @file{GUIDELINES} in the archive directory (@pxref{Packages that |
25474 | 3619 do not come with Emacs}). It covers documentation, copyrights, |
3620 packaging, submission, and the Lisp Code Directory Record. Anonymous | |
3621 FTP uploads are not permitted. Instead, all submissions are mailed to | |
3622 @email{elisp-archive@@cis.ohio-state.edu}. The @file{lispdir.el} | |
3623 package has a function named @code{submit-lcd-entry} which will help you | |
3624 with this. | |
3625 | |
3626 @node Current GNU distributions, Difference between Emacs and XEmacs, Submitting to the Emacs Lisp Archive, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3627 @section Where can I get other up-to-date GNU stuff? | |
3628 @cindex Current GNU distributions | |
3629 @cindex Sources for current GNU distributions | |
3630 @cindex Stuff, current GNU | |
3631 @cindex Up-to-date GNU stuff | |
3632 @cindex Finding current GNU software | |
3633 @cindex Official GNU software sites | |
3634 | |
3635 The most up-to-date official GNU software is normally kept at | |
3636 | |
3637 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu} | |
3638 | |
3639 Read the files @file{etc/DISTRIB} and @file{etc/FTP} for more | |
3640 information. | |
3641 | |
3642 A list of sites mirroring @samp{ftp.gnu.org} can be found at | |
3643 | |
3644 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html} | |
3645 | |
3646 @node Difference between Emacs and XEmacs, Emacs for MS-DOS, Current GNU distributions, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3647 @section What is the difference between Emacs and XEmacs (formerly "Lucid Emacs")? | |
3648 @cindex XEmacs | |
3649 @cindex Difference Emacs and XEmacs | |
3650 @cindex Lucid Emacs | |
3651 @cindex Epoch | |
3652 | |
3653 First of all, they're both GNU Emacs. XEmacs is just as much a later | |
3654 version of GNU Emacs as the FSF-distributed version. This FAQ refers to | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3655 the latest version to be distributed by the FSF as ``Emacs,'' partly |
25474 | 3656 because the XEmacs maintainers now refer to their product using the |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3657 ``XEmacs'' name, and partly because there isn't any accurate way to |
25474 | 3658 differentiate between the two without getting mired in paragraphs of |
3659 legalese and history. | |
3660 | |
3661 XEmacs, which began life as Lucid Emacs, is based on an early version of | |
3662 Emacs 19 and Epoch, an X-aware version of Emacs 18. | |
3663 | |
3664 Emacs (i.e., the version distributed by the FSF) has a larger installed | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3665 base and now always contains the MULE multilingual facilities. |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35061
diff
changeset
|
3666 XEmacs can do some clever tricks with X and MS-Windows, such as |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3667 putting arbitrary graphics in a buffer. Similar facilities have been |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3668 implemented for Emacs as part of a new redisplay implementation for |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3669 Emacs 21, and are available in the latest Emacs releases. |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3670 Emacs and XEmacs each come with |
25474 | 3671 Lisp packages that are lacking in the other; RMS says that the FSF would |
3672 include more packages that come with XEmacs, but that the XEmacs | |
3673 maintainers don't always keep track of the authors of contributed code, | |
3674 which makes it impossible for the FSF to have certain legal papers | |
3675 signed. (Without these legal papers, the FSF will not distribute Lisp | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3676 packages with Emacs.) The two versions have some |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3677 significant differences at the Lisp programming level. |
25474 | 3678 |
3679 Many XEmacs features have found their way into recent versions of Emacs, | |
3680 and more features can be expected in the future, but there are still many | |
3681 differences between the two. | |
3682 | |
43960
397a4490dc38
Fix some URLs, the Copyright years, and the Emacs version.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
42674
diff
changeset
|
3683 The latest stable branch of XEmacs as of this writing is 21.1; you can |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3684 get it at |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3685 |
43960
397a4490dc38
Fix some URLs, the Copyright years, and the Emacs version.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
42674
diff
changeset
|
3686 @uref{ftp://ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/xemacs-21.1.14.tar.gz} |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3687 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3688 More information about XEmacs, including a list of frequently asked |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3689 questions (FAQ), is available at |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3690 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3691 @uref{http://www.xemacs.org/} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3692 |
25474 | 3693 @node Emacs for MS-DOS, Emacs for Windows, Difference between Emacs and XEmacs, Finding Emacs and related packages |
3694 @section Where can I get Emacs for my PC running MS-DOS? | |
3695 @cindex MS-DOS, Emacs for | |
3696 @cindex DOS, Emacs for | |
3697 @cindex Compiling Emacs for DOS | |
3698 @cindex Emacs for MS-DOS | |
3699 @cindex Tools needed to compile Emacs under DOS | |
3700 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3701 A pre-built binary distribution of Emacs is available from the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3702 SimTel.NET archives. This version apparently works under MS-DOS and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3703 Windows (3.X, 9X, ME, NT, and 2000) and supports long file names under |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3704 Windows 9X, Windows ME, and Windows 2000. More information is available |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3705 from |
25474 | 3706 |
43960
397a4490dc38
Fix some URLs, the Copyright years, and the Emacs version.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
42674
diff
changeset
|
3707 @uref{http://www.simtel.net/pub/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/emacs.README} |
25474 | 3708 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3709 The binary itself is available in the files @file{em*.zip} in the |
25474 | 3710 directory |
3711 | |
43960
397a4490dc38
Fix some URLs, the Copyright years, and the Emacs version.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
42674
diff
changeset
|
3712 @uref{http://www.simtel.net/pub/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/} |
25474 | 3713 |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3714 If you prefer to compile Emacs for yourself, you can do so with the |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3715 current distribution directly. You will need a 386 (or |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3716 better) processor, and to be running MS-DOS 3.0 or later. According to |
25474 | 3717 @email{eliz@@is.elta.co.il, Eli Zaretskii} and |
3718 @email{hankedr@@dms.auburn.edu, Darrel Hankerson}, you will need the | |
3719 following: | |
3720 | |
3721 @table @emph | |
3722 | |
3723 @item Compiler | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3724 DJGPP version 1.12 maint 1 or later. Djgpp 2.0 or later is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3725 recommended, since 1.x is very old an unmaintained. Djgpp 2 supports |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3726 long file names on Windows 9X/ME/2K. |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3727 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3728 You can get the latest release of DJGPP by retrieving all of |
25474 | 3729 the files in |
3730 | |
43960
397a4490dc38
Fix some URLs, the Copyright years, and the Emacs version.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
42674
diff
changeset
|
3731 @uref{http://www.simtel.net/pub/gnu/djgpp/v2*} |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3732 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3733 @item Unpacking program |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3734 The easiest way is to use @code{djtar} which comes with DJGPP v2.x, |
25474 | 3735 because it can open gzip'ed tarfiles (i.e., those ending with |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3736 @file{.tar.gz}) in one step. @code{Djtar} comes in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3737 @file{djdev@var{nnn}.zip} archive (where @var{nnn} is the DJGPP version |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3738 number), from the URL mentioned above. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3739 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3740 @strong{Warning!} Do @strong{not} use the popular WinZip program to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3741 unpack the Emacs distribution! WinZip is known to corrupt some of the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3742 files by converting them to the DOS CR-LF format, it doesn't always |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3743 preserve the directory structure recorded in the compressed Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3744 archive, and commits other atrocities. Some of these problems could |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3745 actually prevent Emacs from building successfully! |
25474 | 3746 |
3747 @item make, mv, sed, and rm | |
3748 All of these utilities are available at | |
3749 | |
43960
397a4490dc38
Fix some URLs, the Copyright years, and the Emacs version.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
42674
diff
changeset
|
3750 @uref{http://www.simtel.net/pub/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu} |
25474 | 3751 |
3752 16-bit utilities can be found in GNUish, at | |
3753 | |
43960
397a4490dc38
Fix some URLs, the Copyright years, and the Emacs version.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
42674
diff
changeset
|
3754 @uref{http://www.simtel.net/pub/gnu/gnuish} |
25474 | 3755 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3756 @noindent |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3757 (@code{mv} and @code{rm} are in the Fileutils package, @code{sed} and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3758 @code{make} are each one in a separate package named after them.) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3759 |
25474 | 3760 @end table |
3761 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3762 The files @file{INSTALL} (near its end) and @file{etc/PROBLEMS} in the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3763 directory of the Emacs sources contains some additional information |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3764 regarding Emacs under MS-DOS. |
25474 | 3765 |
3766 For a list of other MS-DOS implementations of Emacs (and Emacs | |
3767 look-alikes), consult the list of "Emacs implementations and literature," | |
3768 available at | |
3769 | |
3770 @uref{ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.emacs/} | |
3771 | |
3772 Note that while many of these programs look similar to Emacs, they often | |
3773 lack certain features, such as the Emacs Lisp extension language. | |
3774 | |
3775 @node Emacs for Windows, Emacs for OS/2, Emacs for MS-DOS, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3776 @section Where can I get Emacs for Microsoft Windows | |
3777 @cindex FAQ for NT Emacs | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3778 @cindex Emacs for MS-Windows |
25474 | 3779 @cindex Microsoft Windows, Emacs for |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3780 @cindex Windows 9X, ME, NT, 2K, and CE, Emacs for |
25474 | 3781 |
3782 For information on Emacs for Windows 95 and NT, read the FAQ produced by | |
3783 @email{voelker@@cs.washington.edu, Geoff Voelker}, available at | |
3784 | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3785 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html} |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3786 |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3787 @xref{Emacs for MS-DOS}, for Windows 3.1. |
25474 | 3788 |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3789 A port of Emacs 20.7 for Windows CE, based on NTEmacs, is available at |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3790 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3791 @uref{http://www.rainer-keuchel.de/software.html} |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3792 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3793 @noindent |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3794 This port was done by @email{coyxc@@rainer-keuchel.de, Rainer Keuchel}, |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3795 and supports all Emacs features except async subprocesses and menus. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3796 You will need MSVC 6.0 and a Windows CE SDK to build this port. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3797 |
25474 | 3798 @node Emacs for OS/2, Emacs for Atari ST, Emacs for Windows, Finding Emacs and related packages |
3799 @section Where can I get Emacs for my PC running OS/2? | |
3800 @cindex OS/2, Emacs for | |
3801 | |
35061
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3802 Emacs 20.6 is ported for emx on OS/2 2.0 or 2.1, and is available at |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3803 |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3804 @uref{ftp://hobbes.nmsu.edu/pub/os2/apps/editors/emacs/e206*.zip} |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3805 |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3806 @noindent |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3807 and also at |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3808 |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3809 @uref{http://archiv.leo.org/pub/comp/os/os2/leo/gnu/emacs%2d20/} |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3810 |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3811 Instructions for installation, basic setup, and other useful information |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3812 for OS/2 users of Emacs can be found at |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3813 |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3814 @uref{http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~oheiabbd/emacs/emacs206-os2.html} |
25474 | 3815 |
3816 @node Emacs for Atari ST, Emacs for the Amiga , Emacs for OS/2, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3817 @section Where can I get Emacs for my Atari ST? | |
3818 @cindex Atari ST, Emacs for | |
3819 @cindex TOS, Emacs for | |
3820 | |
3821 Roland Schäuble reports that Emacs 18.58 running on plain TOS and MiNT | |
3822 is available at | |
3823 @uref{ftp://atari.archive.umich.edu/Editors/Emacs-18-58/1858b-d3.zoo}. | |
3824 | |
3825 @node Emacs for the Amiga , Emacs for NeXTSTEP, Emacs for Atari ST, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3826 @section Where can I get Emacs for my Amiga? | |
3827 @cindex Amiga, Emacs for | |
3828 | |
3829 The files you need are available at | |
3830 | |
3831 @uref{ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/pub/aminet/util/gnu/} | |
3832 | |
3833 @email{dgilbert@@gamiga.guelphnet.dweomer.org, David Gilbert} has released a | |
3834 beta version of Emacs 19.25 for the Amiga. You can get the binary at | |
3835 | |
3836 @uref{ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/pub/aminet/util/gnu/a2.0bEmacs-bin.lha} | |
3837 | |
3838 @node Emacs for NeXTSTEP, Emacs for Apple computers, Emacs for the Amiga , Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3839 @section Where can I get Emacs for NeXTSTEP? | |
3840 @cindex NeXTSTEP, Emacs for | |
3841 | |
3842 Emacs.app is a NeXTSTEP version of Emacs 19.34 which supports colors, | |
3843 menus, and multiple frames. You can get it from | |
3844 | |
3845 @uref{ftp://next-ftp.peak.org/pub/next/apps/emacs/Emacs_for_NeXTstep.4.20a1.NIHS.b.tar.gz} | |
3846 | |
3847 @node Emacs for Apple computers, Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, Emacs for NeXTSTEP, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3848 @section Where can I get Emacs for my Apple computer? | |
3849 @cindex Apple computers, Emacs for | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3850 @cindex Macintosh, Emacs for |
25474 | 3851 |
3852 An unofficial port of GNU Emacs 18.59 to the Macintosh is available at a | |
3853 number of ftp sites, the home being | |
3854 @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.cornell.edu/pub/parmet/Emacs-1.17.sit.bin}. | |
3855 | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3856 A port of Emacs 20.4 is available at |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3857 @uref{http://www.cs.hku.hk/~choi/emacs/index.html}. |
25474 | 3858 |
34741
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3859 Beginning with version 21.1, the Macintosh is supported in the official |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3860 Emacs distribution; see the files @file{mac/README} and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3861 @file{mac/INSTALL} in the Emacs distribution for build instructions. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3862 |
25474 | 3863 Apple's forthcoming "OS X" is based largely on NeXTSTEP and OpenStep. |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3864 @xref{Emacs for NeXTSTEP}, for more details about that version. |
25474 | 3865 |
3866 @node Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, Modes for various languages, Emacs for Apple computers, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3867 @section Where do I get Emacs that runs on VMS under DECwindows? | |
3868 @cindex DECwindows, Emacs for | |
3869 @cindex VMS, Emacs for | |
3870 | |
3871 Up-to-date information about GNU software (including Emacs) for VMS is | |
3872 available at @uref{http://vms.gnu.org/}. | |
3873 | |
3874 @node Modes for various languages, Translating names to IP addresses, Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
34741
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3875 @section Where can I get modes for Lex, Yacc/Bison, Bourne shell, csh, C@t{++}, Objective-C, Pascal, Java, and Awk? |
25474 | 3876 @cindex Awk, mode for |
3877 @cindex @code{awk-mode} | |
3878 @cindex Bison, mode for | |
3879 @cindex Bourne Shell, mode for | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3880 @cindex C@t{++}, mode for |
25474 | 3881 @cindex Java, mode for |
3882 @cindex Lex mode | |
3883 @cindex Objective-C, mode for | |
3884 @cindex @code{pascal-mode} | |
3885 @cindex Shell mode | |
3886 @cindex Yacc mode | |
3887 @cindex @file{csh} mode | |
3888 @cindex @code{sh-mode} | |
3889 @cindex @code{cc-mode} | |
3890 | |
3891 Most of these modes are now available in standard Emacs distribution. | |
3892 To get additional modes, look in the Lisp Code Directory (@pxref{Finding | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3893 a package with particular functionality}). For C@t{++}, if you use |
25474 | 3894 @code{lisp-dir-apropos}, you must specify the pattern with something |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3895 like @kbd{M-x lisp-dir-apropos @key{RET} c\+\+ @key{RET}}.@footnote{ |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3896 The backslashes in @samp{\+\+} are required because @kbd{M-x |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3897 lisp-dir-apropos} expects a regular expression as its argument |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3898 (@pxref{Using regular expressions}), and @samp{+} has a special meaning |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3899 in regular expressions.} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3900 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3901 Barry Warsaw's @code{cc-mode} now works for C, C@t{++}, Objective-C, and |
25474 | 3902 Java code. You can get the latest version from the Emacs Lisp Archive; |
3903 @pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs} for details. A FAQ for | |
3904 @code{cc-mode} is available at | |
3905 @uref{http://www.python.org/emacs/cc-mode/}. | |
3906 | |
3907 @node Translating names to IP addresses, , Modes for various languages, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3908 @section What is the IP address of XXX.YYY.ZZZ? | |
3909 @cindex Translating names to IP addresses | |
3910 @cindex IP addresses from names | |
3911 @cindex Using BIND to translate addresses | |
3912 @cindex DNS and IP addresses | |
3913 | |
3914 If you are on a Unix machine, try using the @samp{nslookup} command, | |
3915 included in the Berkeley BIND package. For example, to find the IP | |
3916 address of @samp{ftp.gnu.org}, you would type @code{nslookup | |
3917 ftp.gnu.org}. | |
3918 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3919 Your computer should then provide the IP address of that machine. |
25474 | 3920 |
3921 If your site's nameserver is deficient, you can use IP addresses to FTP | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3922 files. You can get this information by e-mail: |
25474 | 3923 |
3924 @example | |
3925 To: dns@@[134.214.84.25] (to grasp.insa-lyon.fr) | |
3926 Body: ip XXX.YYY.ZZZ (or "help" for more information | |
3927 and options - no quotes) | |
3928 @end example | |
3929 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
3930 @noindent |
25474 | 3931 or: |
3932 | |
3933 @example | |
3934 To: resolve@@[147.31.254.130] (to laverne.cs.widener.edu) | |
3935 Body: site XXX.YYY.ZZZ | |
3936 @end example | |
3937 | |
3938 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
3939 @node Major packages and programs, Key bindings, Finding Emacs and related packages, Top | |
3940 @chapter Major packages and programs | |
3941 @cindex Major packages and programs | |
3942 | |
3943 @menu | |
3944 * VM:: | |
3945 * Supercite:: | |
3946 * Calc:: | |
3947 * VIPER:: | |
3948 * AUC-TeX:: | |
3949 * BBDB:: | |
3950 * Ispell:: | |
3951 * w3-mode:: | |
3952 * EDB:: | |
3953 * Mailcrypt:: | |
3954 * JDE:: | |
3955 * Patch:: | |
3956 @end menu | |
3957 | |
3958 @node VM, Supercite, Major packages and programs, Major packages and programs | |
3959 @section VM (View Mail) --- another mail reader within Emacs, with MIME support | |
3960 @cindex VM | |
3961 @cindex Alternative mail software | |
3962 @cindex View Mail | |
3963 @cindex E-mail reader, VM | |
3964 | |
3965 @table @b | |
3966 | |
3967 @item Author | |
3968 @email{kyle@@uunet.uu.net, Kyle Jones} | |
3969 | |
3970 @item Latest version | |
3971 6.72 | |
3972 | |
3973 @item Distribution | |
3974 @uref{ftp://ftp.wonderworks.com/pub/vm/vm.tar.gz} | |
3975 | |
3976 @item Informational newsgroup/mailing list | |
3977 @uref{news:gnu.emacs.vm.info}@* | |
3978 Subscription requests to @email{info-vm-request@@uunet.uu.net}@* | |
3979 Submissions to @email{info-vm@@uunet.uu.net} | |
3980 | |
3981 @item Bug reports newsgroup/mailing list | |
3982 @uref{news:gnu.emacs.vm.bug}@* | |
3983 Subscription requests to @email{bug-vm-request@@uunet.uu.net}@* | |
3984 Submissions to @email{bug-vm@@uunet.uu.net} | |
3985 @end table | |
3986 | |
3987 VM 6 works with Emacs 20.4, and may cause problems with Emacs 20.3 and | |
34741
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Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3988 below. (But note that many people seem to use Emacs 20.3 with VM 6, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3989 without any problems.) Risk-averse users might wish to try VM 5.97, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3990 available from @uref{ftp://ftp.wonderworks.com/pub/vm/, the same FTP |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3991 site}. |
25474 | 3992 |
3993 @node Supercite, Calc, VM, Major packages and programs | |
3994 @section Supercite --- mail and news citation package within Emacs | |
3995 @cindex Supercite | |
3996 @cindex Superyank | |
3997 @cindex Mail and news citations | |
3998 @cindex News and mail citations | |
3999 @cindex Citations in mail and news | |
4000 | |
4001 @table @b | |
4002 | |
4003 @item Author | |
4004 @email{bwarsaw@@cen.com, Barry Warsaw} | |
4005 | |
4006 @item Latest version | |
34741
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Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4007 3.54 (comes bundled with Emacs 20) |
25474 | 4008 |
4009 @item Distribution | |
4010 @uref{http://www.python.org/emacs/supercite.tar.gz} | |
4011 | |
4012 @item Mailing list | |
4013 Subscription requests to @email{supercite-request@@python.org}@* | |
4014 Submissions @email{supercite@@python.org} | |
4015 | |
4016 @end table | |
4017 | |
4018 Superyank is an old version of Supercite. | |
4019 | |
4020 @node Calc, VIPER, Supercite, Major packages and programs | |
4021 @section Calc --- poor man's Mathematica within Emacs | |
4022 @cindex Programmable calculator | |
4023 @cindex Calc | |
34741
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Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4024 @cindex Mathematical package |
25474 | 4025 |
4026 @table @b | |
4027 | |
4028 @item Author | |
4029 @email{daveg@@csvax.cs.caltech.edu, Dave Gillespie} | |
4030 | |
4031 @item Latest version | |
4032 2.02f | |
4033 | |
4034 @item Distribution | |
4035 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/calc/calc-2.02f.tar.gz} | |
4036 | |
4037 @end table | |
4038 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4039 Note that Calc 2.02f needs patching to work with Emacs 21 and later. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4040 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4041 @cindex @code{calculator}, a package |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4042 Emacs 21.1 and later comes with a package called @file{calculator.el}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4043 It doesn't support all the mathematical wizardry offered by Calc, such |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4044 as matrices, special functions, and statistics, but is more than |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4045 adequate as a replacement for @code{xcalc} and similar programs. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4046 |
25474 | 4047 @node VIPER, AUC-TeX, Calc, Major packages and programs |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4048 @section VIPER --- @code{vi} emulation for Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4049 @cindex @code{vi} emulation |
25474 | 4050 @cindex VIPER |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4051 @cindex Emulation of @code{vi} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4052 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4053 Since Emacs 19.29, the preferred @code{vi} emulation in Emacs is VIPER |
25474 | 4054 (@kbd{M-x viper-mode @key{RET}}), which comes with Emacs. It extends |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4055 and supersedes VIP (including VIP 4.3) and provides @code{vi} emulation |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4056 at several levels, from one that closely follows @code{vi} to one that |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4057 departs from @code{vi} in several significant ways. |
25474 | 4058 |
4059 For Emacs 19.28 and earlier, the following version of VIP is generally | |
4060 better than the one distributed with Emacs: | |
4061 | |
4062 @table @b | |
4063 @item Author | |
4064 @email{sane@@cs.uiuc.edu, Aamod Sane} | |
4065 | |
4066 @item Latest version | |
4067 4.3 | |
4068 | |
4069 @item Distribution | |
4070 @uref{ftp://archive.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/emacs-lisp/modes/vip-mode.tar.Z} | |
4071 | |
4072 @end table | |
4073 | |
4074 @node AUC-TeX, BBDB, VIPER, Major packages and programs | |
4075 @section AUC TeX --- enhanced LaTeX mode with debugging facilities | |
4076 @cindex Mode for @TeX{} | |
4077 @cindex @TeX{} mode | |
4078 @cindex AUC-TeX mode for editing @TeX{} | |
4079 @cindex Writing and debugging @TeX{} | |
4080 | |
4081 @table @b | |
4082 | |
4083 @item Authors | |
4084 @email{krab@@iesd.auc.dk, Kresten Krab Thorup} and@* | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4085 @email{abraham@@dina.kvl.dk, Per Abrahamsen} |
25474 | 4086 |
4087 @item Latest version | |
4088 9.9p | |
4089 | |
4090 @item Distribution | |
4091 @uref{ftp://sunsite.auc.dk/packages/auctex/auctex.tar.gz} | |
4092 | |
4093 @item Web site | |
4094 @uref{http://sunsite.auc.dk/auctex/} | |
4095 | |
4096 @item Mailing list: | |
4097 Subscription requests to @email{auc-tex-request@@iesd.auc.dk}@* | |
4098 Submissions to @email{auc-tex@@iesd.auc.dk}@* | |
4099 Development team is at @email{auc-tex_mgr@@iesd.auc.dk} | |
4100 | |
4101 @end table | |
4102 | |
4103 @node BBDB, Ispell, AUC-TeX, Major packages and programs | |
4104 @section BBDB --- personal Info Rolodex integrated with mail/news readers | |
4105 @cindex BBDB | |
4106 @cindex Rolodex-like functionality | |
4107 @cindex Integrated contact database | |
4108 @cindex Contact database | |
4109 @cindex Big Brother Database | |
4110 @cindex Address book | |
4111 | |
4112 @table @b | |
4113 | |
4114 @item Maintainer | |
4115 @email{simmonmt@@acm.org, Matt Simmons} | |
4116 | |
4117 @item Latest version | |
4118 2.00 | |
4119 | |
4120 @item Distribution | |
4121 @uref{http://www.netcom.com/~simmonmt/bbdb/index.html} | |
4122 | |
4123 @item Mailing lists | |
4124 Subscription requests to @email{info-bbdb-request@@xemacs.org}@* | |
4125 Submissions to @email{info-bbdb@@xemacs.org}@* | |
4126 Release announcements: @email{bbdb-announce-request@@xemacs.org} | |
4127 | |
4128 @end table | |
4129 | |
4130 @node Ispell, w3-mode, BBDB, Major packages and programs | |
4131 @section Ispell --- spell checker in C with interface for Emacs | |
4132 @cindex Spell-checker | |
4133 @cindex Checking spelling | |
4134 @cindex Ispell | |
4135 | |
4136 @table @b | |
4137 | |
4138 @item Author | |
4139 @email{geoff@@itcorp.com, Geoff Kuenning} | |
4140 | |
4141 @item Latest version | |
4142 3.1.20 | |
4143 | |
4144 @item Distribution | |
4145 @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/ispell/ispell-3.1.20.tar.gz}@* | |
4146 | |
4147 @item Web site | |
4148 @uref{http://fmg-www.cs.ucla.edu/geoff/ispell.html} | |
4149 | |
4150 @end table | |
4151 | |
4152 @itemize @bullet | |
4153 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
4154 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4155 Do not ask Geoff to send you the latest version of Ispell. He does not |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4156 have free e-mail. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4157 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4158 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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diff
changeset
|
4159 This Ispell program is distinct from GNU Ispell 4.0. GNU Ispell 4.0 is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4160 no longer a supported product. |
25474 | 4161 |
4162 @end itemize | |
4163 | |
4164 @node w3-mode, EDB, Ispell, Major packages and programs | |
4165 @section w3-mode --- A World Wide Web browser inside of Emacs | |
4166 @cindex WWW browser | |
4167 @cindex Web browser | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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diff
changeset
|
4168 @cindex HTML browser in Emacs |
25474 | 4169 @cindex @code{w3-mode} |
4170 | |
4171 @table @b | |
4172 | |
4173 @item Author | |
4174 @email{wmperry@@spry.com, Bill Perry} | |
4175 | |
4176 @item Latest version | |
4177 4.0pre.39 | |
4178 | |
4179 @item Distribution | |
4180 @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu/pub/elisp/w3/w3.tar.gz} | |
4181 | |
4182 @item Mailing lists | |
4183 Receive announcements from @email{w3-announce-request@@indiana.edu}@* | |
4184 Become a beta tester at @email{w3-beta-request@@indiana.edu}@* | |
4185 Help to develop @code{w3-mode} at @email{w3-dev@@indiana.edu} | |
4186 | |
4187 @end table | |
4188 | |
4189 @node EDB, Mailcrypt, w3-mode, Major packages and programs | |
4190 @section EDB --- Database program for Emacs; replaces forms editing modes | |
4191 @cindex EDB | |
4192 @cindex Database | |
4193 @cindex Forms mode | |
4194 | |
4195 @table @b | |
4196 @item Author | |
4197 @email{mernst@@theory.lcs.mit.edu, Michael Ernst} | |
4198 | |
4199 @item Latest version | |
4200 1.21 | |
4201 | |
4202 @item Distribution | |
4203 @uref{ftp://theory.lcs.mit.edu/pub/emacs/edb} | |
4204 | |
4205 @end table | |
4206 | |
4207 @node Mailcrypt, JDE, EDB, Major packages and programs | |
4208 @section Mailcrypt --- PGP interface within Emacs mail and news | |
4209 @cindex PGP | |
4210 @cindex GPG | |
4211 @cindex Interface to PGP from Emacs mail and news | |
4212 @cindex News, interface to PGP from | |
4213 @cindex Mail, interface to PGP from | |
4214 @cindex Encryption software, interface to | |
4215 | |
4216 @table @b | |
4217 | |
4218 @item Authors | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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diff
changeset
|
4219 @email{patl@@lcs.mit.edu, Patrick J. LoPresti} and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4220 @email{jin@@atype.com, Jin S. Choi} |
25474 | 4221 |
4222 @item Maintainer | |
4223 @email{lbudney@@pobox.com, Len Budney} | |
4224 | |
4225 @item Latest version | |
4226 3.5.3 | |
4227 | |
4228 @item Distribution | |
4229 @uref{http://www.nb.net/~lbudney/linux/software/mailcrypt/mailcrypt-3.5.3.tar.gz} | |
4230 | |
4231 @item Web site | |
4232 @uref{http://www.nb.net/~lbudney/linux/software/mailcrypt.html} | |
4233 | |
4234 @end table | |
4235 | |
4236 @node JDE, Patch, Mailcrypt, Major packages and programs | |
4237 @section JDE --- Integrated development environment for Java | |
4238 @cindex Java development environment | |
4239 @cindex Integrated Java development environment | |
4240 @cindex JDE | |
4241 | |
4242 @table @b | |
4243 | |
4244 @item Author | |
4245 @email{paulk@@mathworks.com, Paul Kinnucan} | |
4246 | |
4247 @item Mailing list | |
4248 jde-subscribe@@sunsite.auc.dk | |
4249 | |
4250 @item Latest version | |
4251 2.1.1 | |
4252 | |
4253 @item Web site | |
4254 @uref{http://sunsite.auc.dk/jde/} | |
4255 | |
4256 @end table | |
4257 | |
4258 @node Patch, , JDE, Major packages and programs | |
4259 @section Patch --- program to apply "diffs" for updating files | |
4260 @cindex Updating files with diffs | |
4261 @cindex Patching source files with diffs | |
4262 @cindex Diffs and patching | |
4263 @cindex @file{patch} | |
4264 | |
4265 @table @b | |
4266 | |
4267 @item Author | |
4268 @email{lwall@@wall.org, Larry Wall} (with GNU modifications) | |
4269 | |
4270 @item Latest version | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4271 2.5.4 |
25474 | 4272 |
4273 @item Distribution | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
4274 @xref{Current GNU distributions}. |
25474 | 4275 |
4276 @end table | |
4277 | |
4278 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
4279 @node Key bindings, Alternate character sets, Major packages and programs, Top | |
4280 @chapter Key bindings | |
4281 @cindex Key bindings | |
4282 | |
4283 @menu | |
4284 * Binding keys to commands:: | |
4285 * Invalid prefix characters:: | |
4286 * Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun:: | |
4287 * Using function keys under X:: | |
4288 * Working with function and arrow keys:: | |
4289 * X key translations for Emacs:: | |
4290 * Handling C-s and C-q with flow control:: | |
4291 * Binding C-s and C-q:: | |
4292 * Backspace invokes help:: | |
4293 * stty and Backspace key:: | |
4294 * Swapping keys:: | |
4295 * Producing C-XXX with the keyboard:: | |
4296 * No Meta key:: | |
4297 * No Escape key:: | |
4298 * Compose Character:: | |
4299 * Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys:: | |
4300 * Meta key does not work in xterm:: | |
4301 * ExtendChar key does not work as Meta:: | |
4302 @end menu | |
4303 | |
4304 @node Binding keys to commands, Invalid prefix characters, Key bindings, Key bindings | |
4305 @section How do I bind keys (including function keys) to commands? | |
4306 @cindex Binding keys to commands | |
4307 @cindex Keys, binding to commands | |
4308 @cindex Commands, binding keys to | |
4309 | |
4310 Keys can be bound to commands either interactively or in your | |
4311 @file{.emacs} file. To interactively bind keys for all modes, type | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4312 @kbd{M-x global-set-key @key{RET} @var{key} @var{cmd} @key{RET}}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4313 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4314 To bind a key just in the current major mode, type @kbd{M-x |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4315 local-set-key @key{RET} @var{key} @var{cmd} @key{RET}}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4316 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4317 @inforef{Key Bindings, Key Bindings, emacs}, for further details. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4318 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4319 To make the process of binding keys interactively eaiser, use the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4320 following ``trick'': First bind the key interactively, then immediately |
25474 | 4321 type @kbd{C-x @key{ESC} @key{ESC} C-a C-k C-g}. Now, the command needed |
4322 to bind the key is in the kill ring, and can be yanked into your | |
4323 @file{.emacs} file. If the key binding is global, no changes to the | |
4324 command are required. For example, | |
4325 | |
4326 @lisp | |
4327 (global-set-key (quote [f1]) (quote help-for-help)) | |
4328 @end lisp | |
4329 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4330 @noindent |
25474 | 4331 can be placed directly into the @file{.emacs} file. If the key binding is |
4332 local, the command is used in conjunction with the "add-hook" command. | |
4333 For example, in tex-mode, a local binding might be | |
4334 | |
4335 @lisp | |
4336 (add-hook 'tex-mode-hook | |
28344
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4337 (lambda () |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4338 (local-set-key (quote [f1]) (quote help-for-help)))) |
25474 | 4339 @end lisp |
4340 | |
4341 | |
4342 @itemize @bullet | |
4343 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4344 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4345 Control characters in key sequences, in the form yanked from the kill |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4346 ring are given in their graphic form---i.e., @key{CTRL} is shown as |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4347 @samp{^}, @key{TAB} as a set of spaces (usually 8), etc. You may want |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4348 to convert these into their vector or string forms. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4349 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4350 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4351 If a prefix key of the character sequence to be bound is already |
25474 | 4352 bound as a complete key, then you must unbind it before the new |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4353 binding. For example, if @kbd{ESC @{} is previously bound: |
25474 | 4354 |
4355 @lisp | |
4356 (global-unset-key [?\e ?@{]) ;; or | |
4357 (local-unset-key [?\e ?@{]) | |
4358 @end lisp | |
4359 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4360 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4361 Aside from commands and ``lambda lists,'' a vector or string also |
25474 | 4362 can be bound to a key and thus treated as a macro. For example: |
4363 | |
4364 @lisp | |
4365 (global-set-key [f10] [?\C-x?\e?\e?\C-a?\C-k?\C-g]) ;; or | |
4366 (global-set-key [f10] "\C-x\e\e\C-a\C-k\C-g") | |
4367 @end lisp | |
4368 | |
4369 @end itemize | |
4370 | |
4371 @node Invalid prefix characters, Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun, Binding keys to commands, Key bindings | |
4372 @section Why does Emacs say "Key sequence XXX uses invalid prefix characters"? | |
4373 @cindex Prefix characters, invalid | |
4374 @cindex Invalid prefix characters | |
4375 @cindex Misspecified key sequences | |
4376 | |
4377 Usually, one of two things has happened. In one case, the control | |
4378 character in the key sequence has been misspecified (e.g. @samp{C-f} | |
4379 used instead of @samp{\C-f} within a Lisp expression). In the other | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4380 case, a @dfn{prefix key} in the keystroke sequence you were trying to bind |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4381 was already bound as a @dfn{complete key}. Historically, the @samp{ESC [} |
25474 | 4382 prefix was usually the problem, in which case you should evaluate either |
4383 of these forms before attempting to bind the key sequence: | |
4384 | |
4385 @lisp | |
4386 (global-unset-key [?\e ?[]) ;; or | |
4387 (global-unset-key "\e[") | |
4388 @end lisp | |
4389 | |
4390 @node Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun, Using function keys under X, Invalid prefix characters, Key bindings | |
4391 @section Why doesn't this [terminal or window-system setup] code work in my @file{.emacs} file, but it works just fine after Emacs starts up? | |
4392 @cindex Terminal setup code in @file{.emacs} | |
4393 | |
4394 During startup, Emacs initializes itself according to a given code/file | |
4395 order. If some of the code executed in your @file{.emacs} file needs to | |
4396 be postponed until the initial terminal or window-system setup code has | |
4397 been executed but is not, then you will experience this problem (this | |
4398 code/file execution order is not enforced after startup). | |
4399 | |
4400 To postpone the execution of Emacs Lisp code until after terminal or | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4401 window-system setup, treat the code as a @dfn{lambda list} and set the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4402 value of either the @code{term-setup-hook} or @code{window-setup-hook} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4403 variable to this lambda function. For example, |
25474 | 4404 |
4405 @lisp | |
28344
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4406 (add-hook 'term-setup-hook |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4407 (lambda () |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4408 (when (string-match "\\`vt220" (or (getenv "TERM") "")) |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4409 ;; Make vt220's "Do" key behave like M-x: |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4410 (global-set-key [do] 'execute-extended-command)))) |
25474 | 4411 @end lisp |
4412 | |
4413 For information on what Emacs does every time it is started, see the | |
4414 @file{lisp/startup.el} file. | |
4415 | |
4416 @node Using function keys under X, Working with function and arrow keys, Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun, Key bindings | |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35061
diff
changeset
|
4417 @section How do I use function keys under X? |
25474 | 4418 @cindex Function keys |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35061
diff
changeset
|
4419 @cindex X Window System and function keys |
25474 | 4420 @cindex Binding function keys |
4421 | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
4422 With Emacs 19, functions keys under X are bound like any other key. @xref{Binding keys to commands}, for details. |
25474 | 4423 |
4424 @node Working with function and arrow keys, X key translations for Emacs, Using function keys under X, Key bindings | |
4425 @section How do I tell what characters or symbols my function or arrow keys emit? | |
4426 @cindex Working with arrow keys | |
4427 @cindex Arrow keys, symbols generated by | |
4428 @cindex Working with function keys | |
4429 @cindex Function keys, symbols generated by | |
4430 @cindex Symbols generated by function keys | |
4431 | |
4432 Type @kbd{C-h c} then the function or arrow keys. The command will | |
4433 return either a function key symbol or character sequence (see the | |
4434 Emacs on-line documentation for an explanation). This works for other | |
4435 keys as well. | |
4436 | |
4437 @node X key translations for Emacs, Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Working with function and arrow keys, Key bindings | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4438 @section How do I set the X key ``translations'' for Emacs? |
25474 | 4439 @cindex X key translations |
4440 @cindex Key translations under X | |
4441 @cindex Translations for keys under X | |
4442 | |
4443 Emacs is not written using the Xt library by default, so there are no | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4444 ``translations'' to be set. (We aren't sure how to set such translations |
25474 | 4445 if you do build Emacs with Xt; please let us know if you've done this!) |
4446 | |
4447 The only way to affect the behavior of keys within Emacs is through | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4448 @code{xmodmap} (outside Emacs) or @code{define-key} (inside Emacs). The |
25474 | 4449 @code{define-key} command should be used in conjunction with the |
4450 @code{function-key-map} map. For instance, | |
4451 | |
4452 @lisp | |
4453 (define-key function-key-map [M-@key{TAB}] [?\M-\t]) | |
4454 @end lisp | |
4455 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4456 @noindent |
25474 | 4457 defines the @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} key sequence. |
4458 | |
4459 @node Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q, X key translations for Emacs, Key bindings | |
4460 @section How do I handle @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} being used for flow control? | |
4461 @cindex Flow control, @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} with | |
4462 @cindex @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} with flow control | |
4463 | |
4464 @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} are used in the XON/XOFF flow control protocol. | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4465 This messes things up when you're using Emacs over a serial line, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4466 because Emacs binds these keys to commands by default. Because Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4467 won't honor them as flow control characters, too many of these |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4468 characters are not passed on and overwhelm output buffers. Sometimes, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4469 intermediate software using XON/XOFF flow control will prevent Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4470 from ever seeing @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}. |
25474 | 4471 |
4472 Possible solutions: | |
4473 | |
4474 @itemize @bullet | |
4475 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4476 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4477 Disable the use of @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} for flow control. |
25474 | 4478 |
4479 You need to determine the cause of the flow control. | |
4480 | |
4481 @itemize @minus | |
4482 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4483 @item |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4484 your terminal |
25474 | 4485 |
4486 Your terminal may use XON/XOFF flow control to have time to display | |
4487 all the characters it receives. For example, VT series terminals do | |
4488 this. It may be possible to turn this off from a setup menu. For | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4489 example, on a VT220 you may select ``No XOFF'' in the setup menu. This |
25474 | 4490 is also true for some terminal emulation programs on PCs. |
4491 | |
4492 When you turn off flow control at the terminal, you will also need to | |
4493 turn it off at the other end, which might be at the computer you are | |
4494 logged in to or at some terminal server in between. | |
4495 | |
4496 If you turn off flow control, characters may be lost; using a printer | |
4497 connected to the terminal may fail. You may be able to get around | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4498 this problem by modifying the @samp{termcap} entry for your terminal to |
25474 | 4499 include extra NUL padding characters. |
4500 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4501 @item |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4502 a modem |
25474 | 4503 |
4504 If you are using a dialup connection, the modems may be using | |
4505 XON/XOFF flow control. It's not clear how to get around this. | |
4506 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4507 @item |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4508 a router or terminal server |
25474 | 4509 |
4510 Some network box between the terminal and your computer may be using | |
4511 XON/XOFF flow control. It may be possible to make it use some other | |
4512 kind of flow control. You will probably have to ask your local | |
4513 network experts for help with this. | |
4514 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4515 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4516 @code{tty} and/or @code{pty} devices |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4517 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4518 If your connection to Emacs goes through multiple @code{tty} and/or |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4519 @code{pty} devices, they may be using XON/XOFF flow control even when it |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4520 is not necessary. |
25474 | 4521 |
4522 @email{eirik@@theory.tn.cornell.edu, Eirik Fuller} writes: | |
4523 | |
4524 @quotation | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4525 Some versions of @code{rlogin} (and possibly @code{telnet}) do not pass |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4526 flow control characters to the remote system to which they connect. On |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4527 such systems, Emacs on the remote system cannot disable flow control on |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4528 the local system. Sometimes @samp{rlogin -8} will avoid this problem. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4529 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4530 One way to cure this is to disable flow control on the local host (the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4531 one running @code{rlogin}, not the one running @code{rlogind}) using the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4532 @code{stty} command, before starting the @code{rlogin} process. On many |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4533 systems, @samp{stty start u stop u} will do this. |
25474 | 4534 |
4535 Some versions of @samp{tcsh} will prevent even this from working. One | |
4536 way around this is to start another shell before starting rlogin, | |
4537 and issue the @samp{stty} command to disable flow control from that shell. | |
4538 @end quotation | |
4539 | |
4540 Use @samp{stty -ixon} instead of @samp{stty start u stop u} on some systems. | |
4541 | |
4542 @end itemize | |
4543 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4544 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4545 Make Emacs speak the XON/XOFF flow control protocol. |
25474 | 4546 |
4547 You can make Emacs treat @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} as flow control characters by | |
4548 evaluating the form | |
4549 | |
4550 @lisp | |
4551 (enable-flow-control) | |
4552 @end lisp | |
4553 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4554 @noindent |
25474 | 4555 to unconditionally enable flow control or |
4556 | |
4557 @lisp | |
4558 (enable-flow-control-on "vt100" "h19") | |
4559 @end lisp | |
4560 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4561 @noindent |
25474 | 4562 (using your terminal names instead of @samp{vt100} or @samp{h19}) to |
4563 enable selectively. These commands will automatically swap @kbd{C-s} | |
4564 and @kbd{C-q} to @kbd{C-\} and @kbd{C-^}. Variables can be used to | |
4565 change the default swap keys (@code{flow-control-c-s-replacement} and | |
4566 @code{flow-control-c-q-replacement}). | |
4567 | |
4568 If you are fixing this for yourself, simply put the form in your | |
4569 @file{.emacs} file. If you are fixing this for your entire site, the | |
37597
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4570 best place to put it is in the @file{site-lisp/site-start.el} file. |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4571 (Here @file{site-lisp} is actually a subdirectory of your Emacs |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4572 installation directory, typically @file{/usr/local/share/emacs}.) |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4573 Putting this form in @file{site-lisp/default.el} has the problem that |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4574 if the user's @file{.emacs} file has an error, this will prevent |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4575 @file{default.el} from being loaded and Emacs may be unusable for the |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4576 user, even for correcting their @file{.emacs} file (unless they're |
25474 | 4577 smart enough to move it to another name). |
4578 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4579 @code{enable-flow-control} can be invoked interactively as well: |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4580 @kbd{M-x enable-flow-control @key{RET}}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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changeset
|
4581 |
25474 | 4582 @end itemize |
4583 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4584 For further discussion of this issue, read the file @file{etc/PROBLEMS} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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|
4585 (in the Emacs source directory when you unpack the Emacs distribution). |
25474 | 4586 |
4587 @node Binding C-s and C-q, Backspace invokes help, Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Key bindings | |
4588 @section How do I bind @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} (or any key) if these keys are filtered out? | |
4589 @cindex Binding @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} | |
4590 @cindex @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}, binding | |
4591 | |
4592 To bind @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}, use either @code{enable-flow-control} | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4593 or @code{enable-flow-control-on}. @xref{Handling C-s and C-q with flow |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
4594 control}, for usage and implementation details. |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
4595 |
37597
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4596 To bind other keys, use @code{keyboard-translate}. @xref{Swapping |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4597 keys}, for usage details. To do this for an entire site, you should |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4598 swap the keys in @file{site-lisp/site-start.el}. @xref{Handling C-s |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4599 and C-q with flow control}, for an explanation of why |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4600 @file{site-lisp/default.el} should not be used. |
25474 | 4601 |
4602 @itemize @bullet | |
4603 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4604 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4605 If you do this for an entire site, the users will be confused by |
25474 | 4606 the disparity between what the documentation says and how Emacs |
4607 actually behaves. | |
4608 | |
4609 @end itemize | |
4610 | |
4611 @node Backspace invokes help, stty and Backspace key, Binding C-s and C-q, Key bindings | |
4612 @section Why does the @key{Backspace} key invoke help? | |
4613 @cindex Backspace key invokes help | |
4614 @cindex Help invoked by Backspace | |
39502
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(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
4615 @cindex DEL key does not delete |
25474 | 4616 |
4617 The @key{Backspace} key (on most keyboards) generates ASCII code 8. | |
4618 @kbd{C-h} sends the same code. In Emacs by default @kbd{C-h} invokes | |
4619 help-command. This is intended to be easy to remember since the first | |
4620 letter of @samp{help} is @samp{h}. The easiest solution to this problem | |
4621 is to use @kbd{C-h} (and @key{Backspace}) for help and @key{DEL} (the | |
4622 @key{Delete} key) for deleting the previous character. | |
4623 | |
4624 For many people this solution may be problematic: | |
4625 | |
4626 @itemize @bullet | |
4627 | |
4628 @item | |
4629 They normally use @key{Backspace} outside of Emacs for deleting the | |
4630 previous character. This can be solved by making @key{DEL} the command | |
4631 for deleting the previous character outside of Emacs. On many Unix | |
4632 systems, this command will remap @key{DEL}: | |
4633 | |
4634 @example | |
4635 stty erase `^?' | |
4636 @end example | |
4637 | |
4638 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4639 The user may prefer the @key{Backspace} key for deleting the |
25474 | 4640 previous character because it is more conveniently located on their |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4641 keyboard or because they don't even have a separate @key{Delete} key. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4642 In this case, the @key{Backspace} key should be made to behave like |
25474 | 4643 @key{Delete}. There are several methods. |
4644 | |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
4645 @itemize @minus |
25474 | 4646 @item |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4647 Some terminals (e.g., VT3## terminals) and terminal emulators (e.g., |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4648 TeraTerm) allow the character generated by the @key{Backspace} key to be |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4649 changed from a setup menu. |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4650 |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4651 @item |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4652 You may be able to get a keyboard that is completely programmable, or a |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4653 terminal emulator that supports remapping of any key to any other key. |
25474 | 4654 |
4655 @item | |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4656 With Emacs 21.1 and later, you can control the effect of the |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4657 @key{Backspace} and @key{Delete} keys, on both dumb terminals and a |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4658 windowed displays, by customizing the option |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4659 @code{normal-erase-is-backspace-mode}, or by invoking @kbd{M-x |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4660 normal-erase-is-backspace}. See the documentation of these symbols |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4661 (@pxref{Emacs Lisp documentation}) for more info. |
25474 | 4662 |
4663 @item | |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4664 It is possible to swap the @key{Backspace} and @key{DEL} keys inside |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4665 Emacs: |
25474 | 4666 |
4667 @lisp | |
4668 (keyboard-translate ?\C-h ?\C-?) | |
4669 @end lisp | |
4670 | |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
4671 @noindent |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
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diff
changeset
|
4672 This is the recommended method of forcing @key{Backspace} to act as |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4673 @key{DEL}, because it works even in modes which bind @key{DEL} to |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
4674 something other than @code{delete-backward-char}. |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
4675 |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
4676 Similarly, you could remap @key{DEL} to act as @kbd{C-d}, which by |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4677 default deletes forward: |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4678 |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
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|
4679 @lisp |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
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diff
changeset
|
4680 (keyboard-translate ?\C-? ?\C-d) |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
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|
4681 @end lisp |
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(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
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changeset
|
4682 |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
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diff
changeset
|
4683 @xref{Swapping keys}, for further details about @code{keyboard-translate}. |
25474 | 4684 |
4685 @item | |
4686 Another approach is to switch key bindings and put help on @kbd{C-x h} | |
4687 instead: | |
4688 | |
4689 @lisp | |
4690 (global-set-key "\C-h" 'delete-backward-char) | |
4691 | |
4692 ;;; overrides mark-whole-buffer | |
4693 (global-set-key "\C-xh" 'help-command) | |
4694 @end lisp | |
4695 | |
39502
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changeset
|
4696 @noindent |
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(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
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diff
changeset
|
4697 This method is not recommended, though: it only solves the problem for |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4698 those modes which bind @key{DEL} to @code{delete-backward-char}. Modes |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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39304
diff
changeset
|
4699 which bind @key{DEL} to something else, such as @code{view-mode}, will |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
4700 not work as you expect when you press the @key{Backspace} key. For this |
42674 | 4701 reason, we recommend the @code{keyboard-translate} method, shown |
39502
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changeset
|
4702 above. |
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diff
changeset
|
4703 |
25474 | 4704 Other popular key bindings for help are @kbd{M-?} and @kbd{C-x ?}. |
39502
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changeset
|
4705 @end itemize |
25474 | 4706 |
4707 Don't try to bind @key{DEL} to @code{help-command}, because there are | |
4708 many modes that have local bindings of @key{DEL} that will interfere. | |
4709 | |
4710 @end itemize | |
4711 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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34151
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changeset
|
4712 When Emacs 21 or later runs on a windowed display, it binds the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4713 @key{Delete} key to a command which deletes the character at point, to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4714 make Emacs more consistent with keyboard operation on these systems. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4715 |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4716 For more information about troubleshooting this problem, see @ref{DEL |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4717 Does Not Delete, , If @key{DEL} Fails to Delete, emacs, The GNU Emacs |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4718 Manual}. |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4719 |
25474 | 4720 @node stty and Backspace key, Swapping keys, Backspace invokes help, Key bindings |
4721 @section Why doesn't Emacs look at the @file{stty} settings for @key{Backspace} vs. @key{Delete}? | |
4722 @cindex @file{stty} and Emacs | |
4723 @cindex Backspace and @file{stty} | |
4724 @cindex Delete and @file{stty} | |
4725 | |
4726 Good question! | |
4727 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4728 @c FIXME: RMS explained the reasons for this on emacs-hackers. It's |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4729 @c probably worth putting that explanation here. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4730 |
25474 | 4731 @node Swapping keys, Producing C-XXX with the keyboard, stty and Backspace key, Key bindings |
4732 @section How do I swap two keys? | |
4733 @cindex Swapping keys | |
4734 @cindex Keys, swapping | |
4735 @cindex @code{keyboard-translate} | |
4736 | |
4737 In Emacs 19, you can swap two keys (or key sequences) by using the | |
4738 @code{keyboard-translate} function. For example, to turn @kbd{C-h} into | |
4739 @key{DEL} and @key{DEL} to @kbd{C-h}, use | |
4740 | |
4741 @lisp | |
4742 (keyboard-translate ?\C-h ?\C-?) ; translate `C-h' to DEL | |
4743 (keyboard-translate ?\C-? ?\C-h) ; translate DEL to `C-h'. | |
4744 @end lisp | |
4745 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4746 @noindent |
25474 | 4747 The first key sequence of the pair after the function identifies what is |
4748 produced by the keyboard; the second, what is matched for in the | |
4749 keymaps. | |
4750 | |
4751 Keyboard translations are not the same as key bindings in keymaps. | |
4752 Emacs contains numerous keymaps that apply in different situations, but | |
4753 there is only one set of keyboard translations, and it applies to every | |
4754 character that Emacs reads from the terminal. Keyboard translations | |
4755 take place at the lowest level of input processing; the keys that are | |
4756 looked up in keymaps contain the characters that result from keyboard | |
4757 translation. | |
4758 | |
4759 @inforef{Keyboard Translations, Keyboard Translations, emacs}. | |
4760 | |
4761 @node Producing C-XXX with the keyboard, No Meta key, Swapping keys, Key bindings | |
4762 @section How do I produce C-XXX with my keyboard? | |
4763 @cindex Producing control characters | |
4764 @cindex Generating control characters | |
4765 @cindex Control characters, generating | |
4766 | |
4767 On terminals (but not under X), some common "aliases" are: | |
4768 | |
4769 @table @asis | |
4770 | |
4771 @item @kbd{C-2} or @kbd{C-@key{SPC}} | |
4772 @kbd{C-@@} | |
4773 | |
4774 @item @kbd{C-6} | |
4775 @kbd{C-^} | |
4776 | |
4777 @item @kbd{C-7} or @kbd{C-S--} | |
4778 @kbd{C-_} | |
4779 | |
4780 @item @kbd{C-4} | |
4781 @kbd{C-\} | |
4782 | |
4783 @item @kbd{C-5} | |
4784 @kbd{C-]} | |
4785 | |
4786 @item @kbd{C-/} | |
4787 @kbd{C-?} | |
4788 | |
4789 @end table | |
4790 | |
4791 Often other aliases exist; use the @kbd{C-h c} command and try | |
4792 @key{CTRL} with all of the digits on your keyboard to see what gets | |
4793 generated. You can also try the @kbd{C-h w} command if you know the | |
4794 name of the command. | |
4795 | |
4796 @node No Meta key, No Escape key, Producing C-XXX with the keyboard, Key bindings | |
4797 @section What if I don't have a @key{Meta} key? | |
4798 @cindex No @key{Meta} key | |
4799 @cindex @key{Meta} key, what to do if you lack it | |
4800 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4801 On many keyboards, the @key{Alt} key acts as @key{Meta}, so try it. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4802 |
25474 | 4803 Instead of typing @kbd{M-a}, you can type @kbd{@key{ESC} a}. In fact, |
4804 Emacs converts @kbd{M-a} internally into @kbd{@key{ESC} a} anyway | |
4805 (depending on the value of @code{meta-prefix-char}). Note that you | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4806 press @key{Meta} and @key{a} together, but with @key{ESC}, you press |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4807 @key{ESC}, release it, and then press @key{a}. |
25474 | 4808 |
4809 @node No Escape key, Compose Character, No Meta key, Key bindings | |
4810 @section What if I don't have an @key{Escape} key? | |
4811 @cindex No Escape key | |
4812 @cindex Lacking an Escape key | |
4813 @cindex Escape key, lacking | |
4814 | |
4815 Type @kbd{C-[} instead. This should send ASCII code 27 just like an | |
4816 Escape key would. @kbd{C-3} may also work on some terminal (but not | |
4817 under X). For many terminals (notably DEC terminals) @key{F11} | |
4818 generates @key{ESC}. If not, the following form can be used to bind it: | |
4819 | |
4820 @lisp | |
4821 ;;; F11 is the documented ESC replacement on DEC terminals. | |
4822 (define-key function-key-map [f11] [?\e]) | |
4823 @end lisp | |
4824 | |
4825 @node Compose Character, Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys, No Escape key, Key bindings | |
4826 @section Can I make my @key{Compose Character} key behave like a @key{Meta} key? | |
4827 @cindex @key{Compose Character} key, using as @key{Meta} | |
4828 @cindex @key{Meta}, using @key{Compose Character} for | |
4829 | |
4830 On a dumb terminal such as a VT220, no. It is rumored that certain | |
4831 VT220 clones could have their @key{Compose} key configured this way. If | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4832 you're using X, you might be able to do this with the @code{xmodmap} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4833 command. |
25474 | 4834 |
4835 @node Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys, Meta key does not work in xterm, Compose Character, Key bindings | |
4836 @section How do I bind a combination of modifier key and function key? | |
4837 @cindex Modifiers and function keys | |
4838 @cindex Function keys and modifiers | |
4839 @cindex Binding modifiers and function keys | |
4840 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4841 With Emacs 19 and later, you can represent modified function keys in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4842 vector format by adding prefixes to the function key symbol. For |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4843 example (from the on-line documentation): |
25474 | 4844 |
4845 @lisp | |
4846 (global-set-key [?\C-x right] 'forward-page) | |
4847 @end lisp | |
4848 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4849 @noindent |
25474 | 4850 where @samp{?\C-x} is the Lisp character constant for the character @kbd{C-x}. |
4851 | |
4852 You can use the modifier keys @key{Control}, @key{Meta}, @key{Hyper}, | |
4853 @key{Super}, @key{Alt}, and @key{Shift} with function keys. To | |
4854 represent these modifiers, prepend the strings @samp{C-}, @samp{M-}, | |
4855 @samp{H-}, @samp{s-}, @samp{A-}, and @samp{S-} to the symbol name. Here | |
4856 is how to make @kbd{H-M-RIGHT} move forward a word: | |
4857 | |
4858 @lisp | |
4859 (global-set-key [H-M-right] 'forward-word) | |
4860 @end lisp | |
4861 | |
4862 @itemize @bullet | |
4863 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4864 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4865 Not all modifiers are permitted in all situations. @key{Hyper}, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4866 @key{Super}, and @key{Alt} are not available on Unix character |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4867 terminals. Non-ASCII keys and mouse events (e.g. @kbd{C-=} and |
36515
9df3f07f2643
Fix case convention for mouse click.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36383
diff
changeset
|
4868 @kbd{Mouse-1}) also fall under this category. |
25474 | 4869 |
4870 @end itemize | |
4871 | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
4872 @xref{Binding keys to commands}, for general key binding instructions. |
25474 | 4873 |
4874 @node Meta key does not work in xterm, ExtendChar key does not work as Meta, Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys, Key bindings | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4875 @section Why doesn't my @key{Meta} key work in an @code{xterm} window? |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4876 @cindex @key{Meta} key and @code{xterm} |
25474 | 4877 @cindex Xterm and @key{Meta} key |
4878 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4879 @inforef{Single-Byte Character Support, Single-Byte Character Set |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4880 Support, emacs}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4881 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4882 If the advice in the Emacs manual fails, try all of these methods before |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4883 asking for further help: |
25474 | 4884 |
4885 @itemize @bullet | |
4886 | |
4887 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4888 You may have big problems using @code{mwm} as your window manager. |
25474 | 4889 (Does anyone know a good generic solution to allow the use of the |
4890 @key{Meta} key in Emacs with @file{mwm}?) | |
4891 | |
4892 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4893 For X11: Make sure it really is a @key{Meta} key. Use @code{xev} to |
25474 | 4894 find out what keysym your @key{Meta} key generates. It should be either |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
4895 @code{Meta_L} or @code{Meta_R}. If it isn't, use @file{xmodmap} to fix |
39551
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4896 the situation. If @key{Meta} does generate @code{Meta_L} or |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4897 @code{Meta_R}, but @kbd{M-x} produces a non-ASCII character, put this in |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4898 your @file{~/.Xdefaults} file: |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4899 |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4900 @example |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4901 XTerm*eightBitInput: false |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4902 XTerm*eightBitOutput: true |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4903 @end example |
25474 | 4904 |
4905 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4906 Make sure the @code{pty} the @code{xterm} is using is passing 8 bit |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4907 characters. @samp{stty -a} (or @samp{stty everything}) should show |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4908 @samp{cs8} somewhere. If it shows @samp{cs7} instead, use @samp{stty |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4909 cs8 -istrip} (or @samp{stty pass8}) to fix it. |
25474 | 4910 |
4911 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4912 If there is an @code{rlogin} connection between @code{xterm} and Emacs, the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4913 @samp{-8} argument may need to be given to rlogin to make it pass all 8 bits |
25474 | 4914 of every character. |
4915 | |
4916 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4917 If Emacs is running on Ultrix, it is reported that evaluating |
25474 | 4918 @code{(set-input-mode t nil)} helps. |
4919 | |
4920 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4921 If all else fails, you can make @code{xterm} generate @kbd{@key{ESC} W} when |
25474 | 4922 you type @kbd{M-W}, which is the same conversion Emacs would make if it |
4923 got the @kbd{M-W} anyway. In X11R4, the following resource | |
4924 specification will do this: | |
4925 | |
4926 @example | |
4927 XTerm.VT100.EightBitInput: false | |
4928 @end example | |
4929 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4930 @noindent |
25474 | 4931 (This changes the behavior of the @code{insert-eight-bit} action.) |
4932 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4933 With older @code{xterm}s, you can specify this behavior with a translation: |
25474 | 4934 |
4935 @example | |
4936 XTerm.VT100.Translations: #override \ | |
4937 Meta<KeyPress>: string(0x1b) insert() | |
4938 @end example | |
4939 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4940 @noindent |
25474 | 4941 You might have to replace @samp{Meta} with @samp{Alt}. |
4942 | |
4943 @end itemize | |
4944 | |
4945 @node ExtendChar key does not work as Meta, , Meta key does not work in xterm, Key bindings | |
4946 @section Why doesn't my @key{ExtendChar} key work as a @key{Meta} key under HP-UX 8.0 and 9.x? | |
4947 @cindex @key{ExtendChar} key as @key{Meta} | |
4948 @cindex @key{Meta}, using @key{ExtendChar} for | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4949 @cindex HP-UX, the @key{ExtendChar} key |
25474 | 4950 |
4951 This is a result of an internationalization extension in X11R4 and the | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4952 fact that HP is now using this extension. Emacs assumes that the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4953 @code{XLookupString} function returns the same result regardless of the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4954 @key{Meta} key state which is no longer necessarily true. Until Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4955 is fixed, the temporary kludge is to run this command after each time |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4956 the X server is started but preferably before any xterm clients are: |
25474 | 4957 |
4958 @example | |
4959 xmodmap -e 'remove mod1 = Mode_switch' | |
4960 @end example | |
4961 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4962 @c FIXME: Emacs 21 supports I18N in X11; does that mean that this bug is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4963 @c solved? |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4964 |
25474 | 4965 This will disable the use of the extra keysyms systemwide, which may be |
4966 undesirable if you actually intend to use them. | |
4967 | |
4968 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
4969 @node Alternate character sets, Mail and news, Key bindings, Top | |
4970 @chapter Alternate character sets | |
4971 @cindex Alternate character sets | |
4972 | |
4973 @menu | |
4974 * Emacs does not display 8-bit characters:: | |
4975 * Inputting eight-bit characters:: | |
4976 * Kanji and Chinese characters:: | |
4977 * Right-to-left alphabets:: | |
4978 @end menu | |
4979 | |
4980 @node Emacs does not display 8-bit characters, Inputting eight-bit characters, Alternate character sets, Alternate character sets | |
4981 @section How do I make Emacs display 8-bit characters? | |
4982 @cindex Displaying eight-bit characters | |
4983 @cindex Eight-bit characters, displaying | |
4984 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4985 @inforef{Single-Byte Character Support, Single-byte Character Set |
36842
654b53bab583
Change "character terminal" to "text-only terminal".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36515
diff
changeset
|
4986 Support, emacs}. On a Unix, when Emacs runs on a text-only terminal |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4987 display or is invoked with @samp{emacs -nw}, you typically need to use |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4988 @code{set-terminal-coding-system} to tell Emacs what the terminal can |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4989 display, even after setting the language environment; otherwise |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4990 non-ASCII characters will display as @samp{?}. On other operating |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4991 systems, such as MS-DOS and MS-Windows, Emacs queries the OS about the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4992 character set supported by the display, and sets up the required |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4993 terminal coding system automatically. |
25474 | 4994 |
4995 @node Inputting eight-bit characters, Kanji and Chinese characters, Emacs does not display 8-bit characters, Alternate character sets | |
4996 @section How do I input eight-bit characters? | |
4997 @cindex Entering eight-bit characters | |
4998 @cindex Eight-bit characters, entering | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4999 @cindex Input, 8-bit characters |
25474 | 5000 |
28127 | 5001 Various methods are available for input of eight-bit characters. See |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5002 @inforef{Single-Byte Character Support, Single-byte Character Set |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5003 Support, emacs}. For more sophisticated methods, @inforef{Input |
28127 | 5004 Methods, Input Methods, emacs}. |
25474 | 5005 |
5006 @node Kanji and Chinese characters, Right-to-left alphabets, Inputting eight-bit characters, Alternate character sets | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5007 @section Where can I get an Emacs that handles kanji, Chinese, or other Far-Eastern character sets? |
25474 | 5008 @cindex Kanji, handling with Emacs |
5009 @cindex Chinese, handling with Emacs | |
5010 @cindex Japanese, handling with Emacs | |
5011 @cindex Korean, handling with Emacs | |
5012 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5013 Emacs 20 and later includes many of the features of MULE, the MULtilingual |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5014 Enhancement to Emacs. @xref{Installing Emacs}, for information on where |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5015 to find and download the latest version of Emacs. |
25474 | 5016 |
5017 @node Right-to-left alphabets, , Kanji and Chinese characters, Alternate character sets | |
5018 @section Where is an Emacs that can handle Semitic (right-to-left) alphabets? | |
5019 @cindex Right-to-left alphabets | |
5020 @cindex Hebrew, handling with Emacs | |
5021 @cindex Semitic alphabets | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5022 @cindex Arabic alphabets |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5023 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5024 Emacs 20 and later supports Hebrew characters (ISO 8859-8), but does not |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5025 yet support right-to-left character entry and display. |
25474 | 5026 |
5027 @email{joel@@exc.com, Joel M. Hoffman} has written a Lisp package called | |
5028 @file{hebrew.el} that allows right-to-left editing of Hebrew. It | |
5029 reportedly works out of the box with Emacs 19, but requires patches for | |
5030 Emacs 18. Write to Joel if you want the patches or package. | |
5031 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5032 @c FIXME: Should we mention Ehud Karni's package? |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5033 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5034 @file{hebrew.el} requires a Hebrew screen font, but no other hardware support. |
36515
9df3f07f2643
Fix case convention for mouse click.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36383
diff
changeset
|
5035 Joel has a screen font for PCs running MS-DOS or GNU/Linux. |
25474 | 5036 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5037 You might also try to query archie for files named with @file{hebrew}; |
25474 | 5038 several ftp sites in Israel may also have the necessary files. |
5039 | |
5040 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
5041 @node Mail and news, Concept index, Alternate character sets, Top | |
5042 @chapter Mail and news | |
5043 @cindex Mail and news | |
5044 | |
5045 @menu | |
5046 * Changing the included text prefix:: | |
5047 * Saving a copy of outgoing mail:: | |
5048 * Expanding aliases when sending mail:: | |
5049 * Rmail thinks all messages are one big one:: | |
5050 * Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder:: | |
5051 * Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail:: | |
5052 * Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them:: | |
5053 * Replying to the sender of a message:: | |
5054 * MIME with Emacs mail packages:: | |
5055 * Automatically starting a mail or news reader:: | |
5056 * Reading news with Emacs:: | |
5057 * Gnus does not work with NNTP:: | |
5058 * Viewing articles with embedded underlining:: | |
5059 * Saving a multi-part Gnus posting:: | |
5060 * Starting Gnus faster:: | |
5061 * Catching up in all newsgroups:: | |
5062 * Killing based on nonstandard headers:: | |
5063 * Removing flashing messages:: | |
5064 * Catch-up is slow in Gnus:: | |
5065 * Gnus hangs for a long time:: | |
5066 * Learning more about Gnus:: | |
5067 @end menu | |
5068 | |
5069 @node Changing the included text prefix, Saving a copy of outgoing mail, Mail and news, Mail and news | |
5070 @section How do I change the included text prefix in mail/news followups? | |
5071 @cindex Prefix in mail/news followups, changing | |
5072 @cindex Included text prefix, changing | |
5073 @cindex Setting the included text character | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5074 @cindex Quoting in mail messages |
25474 | 5075 |
5076 If you read mail with Rmail or news with Gnus, set the variable | |
5077 @code{mail-yank-prefix}. For VM, set @code{vm-included-text-prefix}. | |
5078 For mh-e, set @code{mh-ins-buf-prefix}. | |
5079 | |
5080 For fancier control of citations, use Supercite. @xref{Supercite}. | |
5081 | |
5082 To prevent Emacs from including various headers of the replied-to | |
5083 message, set the value of @code{mail-yank-ignored-headers} to an | |
5084 appropriate regexp. | |
5085 | |
5086 @node Saving a copy of outgoing mail, Expanding aliases when sending mail, Changing the included text prefix, Mail and news | |
5087 @section How do I save a copy of outgoing mail? | |
5088 @cindex Saving a copy of outgoing mail | |
5089 @cindex Copying outgoing mail to a file | |
5090 @cindex Filing outgoing mail | |
5091 @cindex Automatic filing of outgoing mail | |
5092 @cindex Mail, saving outgoing automatically | |
5093 | |
5094 You can either mail yourself a copy by including a @samp{BCC} header in the | |
5095 mail message, or store a copy of the message directly to a file by | |
5096 including an @samp{FCC} header. | |
5097 | |
5098 If you use standard mail, you can automatically create a @samp{BCC} to | |
5099 yourself by putting | |
5100 | |
5101 @lisp | |
5102 (setq mail-self-blind t) | |
5103 @end lisp | |
5104 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5105 @noindent |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5106 in your @file{.emacs} file. You can automatically include an @samp{FCC} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5107 field by putting something like the following in your @file{.emacs} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5108 file: |
25474 | 5109 |
5110 @lisp | |
5111 (setq mail-archive-file-name (expand-file-name "~/outgoing")) | |
5112 @end lisp | |
5113 | |
5114 The output file will be in Unix mail format, which can be read directly | |
5115 by VM, but not always by Rmail. @xref{Learning how to do something}. | |
5116 | |
5117 If you use @code{mh-e}, add an @samp{FCC} or @samp{BCC} field to your | |
5118 components file. | |
5119 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5120 It does not work to put @samp{set record filename} in the @file{.mailrc} |
25474 | 5121 file. |
5122 | |
5123 @node Expanding aliases when sending mail, Rmail thinks all messages are one big one, Saving a copy of outgoing mail, Mail and news | |
5124 @section Why doesn't Emacs expand my aliases when sending mail? | |
5125 @cindex Expanding aliases when sending mail | |
5126 @cindex Mail alias expansion | |
5127 @cindex Sending mail with aliases | |
5128 | |
5129 @itemize @bullet | |
5130 | |
5131 @item | |
5132 You must separate multiple addresses in the headers of the mail buffer | |
5133 with commas. This is because Emacs supports RFC822 standard addresses | |
5134 like this one: | |
5135 | |
5136 @example | |
5137 To: Willy Smith <wks@@xpnsv.lwyrs.com> | |
5138 @end example | |
5139 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5140 However, you do not need to---and probably should not, unless your |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5141 system's version of @file{/usr/ucb/mail} (a.k.a.@: @code{mailx}) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5142 supports RFC822---separate addresses with commas in your |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5143 @file{~/.mailrc} file. |
25474 | 5144 |
5145 @item | |
5146 Emacs normally only reads the @file{.mailrc} file once per session, | |
5147 when you start to compose your first mail message. If you edit | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5148 @file{.mailrc}, you can type @kbd{M-x rebuild-mail-abbrevs @key{RET}} to |
25474 | 5149 make Emacs reread @file{~/.mailrc}. |
5150 | |
5151 @item | |
5152 If you like, you can expand mail aliases as abbrevs, as soon as you | |
5153 type them in. To enable this feature, execute the following: | |
5154 | |
5155 @lisp | |
34922 | 5156 (add-hook 'mail-mode-hook 'mail-abbrevs-setup) |
25474 | 5157 @end lisp |
5158 | |
5159 Note that the aliases are expanded automatically only after you type | |
5160 @key{RET} or a punctuation character (e.g. @kbd{,}). You can force their | |
5161 expansion by moving point to the end of the alias and typing @kbd{C-x a e} | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5162 (@kbd{M-x expand-abbrev}). |
25474 | 5163 @end itemize |
5164 | |
5165 @node Rmail thinks all messages are one big one, Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder, Expanding aliases when sending mail, Mail and news | |
5166 @section Why does Rmail think all my saved messages are one big message? | |
5167 @cindex Rmail thinks all messages are one large message | |
5168 | |
5169 A file created through the @samp{FCC} field in a message is in Unix mail | |
5170 format, not the format that Rmail uses (BABYL format). Rmail will try | |
5171 to convert a Unix mail file into BABYL format on input, but sometimes it | |
5172 makes errors. For guaranteed safety, you can make the | |
5173 @file{saved-messages} file be an inbox for your Rmail file by using the | |
5174 function @code{set-rmail-inbox-list}. | |
5175 | |
5176 @node Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder, Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail, Rmail thinks all messages are one big one, Mail and news | |
5177 @section How can I sort the messages in my Rmail folder? | |
5178 @cindex Rmail, sorting messages in | |
5179 @cindex Folder, sorting messages in an Rmail | |
5180 @cindex Sorting messages in an Rmail folder | |
5181 | |
5182 In Rmail, type @kbd{C-c C-s C-h} to get a list of sorting functions | |
5183 and their key bindings. | |
5184 | |
5185 @node Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail, Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them, Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder, Mail and news | |
5186 @section Why does Rmail need to write to @file{/usr/spool/mail}? | |
5187 @cindex Rmail and @file{/usr/spool/mail} | |
5188 @cindex @file{/usr/spool/mail} and Rmail | |
5189 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5190 This is the behavior of the @code{movemail} program which Rmail uses. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5191 This indicates that @code{movemail} is configured to use lock files. |
25474 | 5192 |
5193 RMS writes: | |
5194 | |
5195 @quotation | |
5196 Certain systems require lock files to interlock access to mail files. | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5197 On these systems, @code{movemail} must write lock files, or you risk losing |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5198 mail. You simply must arrange to let @code{movemail} write them. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5199 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5200 Other systems use the @code{flock} system call to interlock access. On |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5201 these systems, you should configure @code{movemail} to use @code{flock}. |
25474 | 5202 @end quotation |
5203 | |
5204 @node Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them, Replying to the sender of a message, Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail, Mail and news | |
5205 @section How do I recover my mail files after Rmail munges their format? | |
5206 @cindex Recovering munged mail files | |
5207 @cindex Rmail munged my files | |
5208 @cindex Mail files, recovering those munged by Rmail | |
5209 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5210 If you have just done @kbd{M-x rmail-input} on a file and you don't want |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5211 to save it in Rmail's format (called BABYL), just kill the buffer (with |
25474 | 5212 @kbd{C-x k}). |
5213 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
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|
5214 @cindex Exporting messages as Unix mail files |
25474 | 5215 If you typed @kbd{M-x rmail} and it read some messages out of your inbox |
5216 and you want to put them in a Unix mail file, use @kbd{C-o} on each | |
5217 message. | |
5218 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5219 @cindex Converting from BABYL to Unix mail format |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5220 @cindex @code{unrmail} command |
25474 | 5221 If you want to convert an existing file from BABYL format to Unix mail |
5222 format, use the command @kbd{M-x unrmail}: it will prompt you for the | |
5223 input and output file names. | |
5224 | |
39304
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5225 @pindex b2m |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
5226 Alternatively, you could use the @code{b2m} program supplied with |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5227 Emacs. @code{b2m} is a filter, and is used like this: |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5228 |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
5229 @example |
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(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
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diff
changeset
|
5230 b2m < @var{babyl-file} > @var{mbox-file} |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
5231 @end example |
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(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5232 |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5233 @noindent |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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38770
diff
changeset
|
5234 where @var{babyl-file} is the name of the BABYL file, and |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5235 @var{mbox-file} is the name of the file where the converted mail will |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
5236 be written. |
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(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
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|
5237 |
25474 | 5238 @node Replying to the sender of a message, MIME with Emacs mail packages, Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them, Mail and news |
5239 @section How can I force Rmail to reply to the sender of a message, but not the other recipients? | |
5240 @cindex Replying only to the sender of a message | |
5241 @cindex Sender, replying only to | |
5242 @cindex Rmail, replying to the sender of a message in | |
5243 | |
5244 @email{isaacson@@seas.upenn.edu, Ron Isaacson} says: When you hit | |
5245 @key{r} to reply in Rmail, by default it CCs all of the original | |
5246 recipients (everyone on the original @samp{To} and @samp{CC} | |
5247 lists). With a prefix argument (i.e., typing @kbd{C-u} before @key{r}), | |
5248 it replies only to the sender. However, going through the whole | |
5249 @kbd{C-u} business every time you want to reply is a pain. This is the | |
5250 best fix I've been able to come up with: | |
5251 | |
5252 @lisp | |
5253 (defun rmail-reply-t () | |
5254 "Reply only to the sender of the current message. (See rmail-reply.)" | |
5255 (interactive) | |
5256 (rmail-reply t)) | |
5257 | |
5258 (add-hook 'rmail-mode-hook | |
34151
33df9c2e70bf
Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
30692
diff
changeset
|
5259 (lambda () |
33df9c2e70bf
Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
30692
diff
changeset
|
5260 (define-key rmail-mode-map "r" 'rmail-reply-t) |
33df9c2e70bf
Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
30692
diff
changeset
|
5261 (define-key rmail-mode-map "R" 'rmail-reply))) |
25474 | 5262 @end lisp |
5263 | |
5264 @node MIME with Emacs mail packages, Automatically starting a mail or news reader, Replying to the sender of a message, Mail and news | |
5265 @section How can I get my favorite Emacs mail package to support MIME? | |
5266 @cindex MIME and Emacs mail packages | |
5267 @cindex Mail packages and MIME | |
5268 @cindex FAQ for MIME and Emacs | |
5269 | |
5270 Read the Emacs MIME FAQ, maintained by @email{trey@@cs.berkeley.edu, | |
5271 MacDonald Hall Jackson} at | |
5272 | |
5273 @uref{http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/~trey/emacs/mime.html} | |
5274 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5275 Version 6.x of VM supports MIME. @xref{VM}. Gnus supports MIME in mail |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5276 and news messages as of version 5.8.1 (Pterodactyl). Rmail has limited |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5277 support for single-part MIME messages beginning with Emacs 20.3. |
25474 | 5278 |
5279 @node Automatically starting a mail or news reader, Reading news with Emacs, MIME with Emacs mail packages, Mail and news | |
5280 @section How do I make Emacs automatically start my mail/news reader? | |
5281 @cindex Mail reader, starting automatically | |
5282 @cindex News reader, starting automatically | |
5283 @cindex Starting mail/news reader automatically | |
5284 | |
5285 To start Emacs in Gnus: | |
5286 | |
5287 @example | |
5288 emacs -f gnus | |
5289 @end example | |
5290 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5291 @noindent |
25474 | 5292 in Rmail: |
5293 | |
5294 @example | |
5295 emacs -f rmail | |
5296 @end example | |
5297 | |
5298 A more convenient way to start with Gnus: | |
5299 | |
5300 @example | |
5301 alias gnus 'emacs -f gnus' | |
5302 gnus | |
5303 @end example | |
5304 | |
5305 It is probably unwise to automatically start your mail or news reader | |
5306 from your @file{.emacs} file. This would cause problems if you needed to run | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5307 two copies of Emacs at the same time. Also, this would make it difficult for |
25474 | 5308 you to start Emacs quickly when you needed to. |
5309 | |
5310 @node Reading news with Emacs, Gnus does not work with NNTP, Automatically starting a mail or news reader, Mail and news | |
5311 @section How do I read news under Emacs? | |
5312 @cindex Reading news under Emacs | |
5313 @cindex Usenet reader in Emacs | |
5314 @cindex Gnus newsreader | |
5315 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5316 Use @kbd{M-x gnus}. It is documented in Info (@pxref{Learning how to do |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5317 something}). |
25474 | 5318 |
5319 @node Gnus does not work with NNTP, Viewing articles with embedded underlining, Reading news with Emacs, Mail and news | |
5320 @section Why doesn't Gnus work via NNTP? | |
5321 @cindex Gnus and NNTP | |
5322 @cindex NNTP, Gnus fails to work with | |
5323 | |
5324 There is a bug in NNTP version 1.5.10, such that when multiple requests | |
5325 are sent to the NNTP server, the server only handles the first one | |
5326 before blocking waiting for more input which never comes. NNTP version | |
5327 1.5.11 claims to fix this. | |
5328 | |
5329 You can work around the bug inside Emacs like this: | |
5330 | |
5331 @lisp | |
5332 (setq nntp-maximum-request 1) | |
5333 @end lisp | |
5334 | |
5335 You can find out what version of NNTP your news server is running by | |
5336 telnetting to the NNTP port (usually 119) on the news server machine | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5337 (i.e., @kbd{telnet server-machine 119}). The server should give its |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5338 version number in the welcome message. Type @kbd{quit} to get out. |
25474 | 5339 |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
5340 @xref{Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode}, for some additional ideas. |
25474 | 5341 |
5342 @node Viewing articles with embedded underlining, Saving a multi-part Gnus posting, Gnus does not work with NNTP, Mail and news | |
5343 @section How do I view news articles with embedded underlining (e.g., ClariNews)? | |
5344 @cindex Underlining, embedded in news articles | |
5345 @cindex News articles with embedded underlining | |
5346 @cindex Embedded underlining in news articles | |
5347 | |
5348 Underlining appears like this: | |
5349 | |
5350 @example | |
5351 _^Hu_^Hn_^Hd_^He_^Hr_^Hl_^Hi_^Hn_^Hi_^Hn_^Hg | |
5352 @end example | |
5353 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5354 @email{abraham@@dina.kvl.dk, Per Abrahamsen} suggests using the following |
25474 | 5355 code, which uses the underline face to turn such text into true |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5356 underlining, inconjunction with Gnus: |
25474 | 5357 |
5358 @lisp | |
5359 (defun gnus-article-prepare-overstrike () | |
5360 ;; Prepare article for overstrike commands. | |
5361 (save-excursion | |
5362 (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer) | |
5363 (let ((buffer-read-only nil)) | |
5364 (goto-char (point-min)) | |
5365 (while (search-forward "\b" nil t) | |
5366 (let ((next (following-char)) | |
5367 (previous (char-after (- (point) 2)))) | |
5368 (cond ((eq next previous) | |
5369 (delete-region (- (point) 2) (point)) | |
5370 (put-text-property (point) (1+ (point)) | |
5371 'face 'bold)) | |
5372 ((eq next ?_) | |
5373 (delete-region (1- (point)) (1+ (point))) | |
5374 (put-text-property (1- (point)) (point) | |
5375 'face 'underline)) | |
5376 ((eq previous ?_) | |
5377 (delete-region (- (point) 2) (point)) | |
5378 (put-text-property (point) (1+ (point)) | |
5379 'face 'underline)))))))) | |
5380 | |
5381 (add-hook 'gnus-article-prepare-hook 'gnus-article-prepare-overstrike) | |
5382 @end lisp | |
5383 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5384 Latest versions of Gnus do such a conversion automatically. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5385 |
25474 | 5386 If you prefer to do away with underlining altogether, you can |
5387 destructively remove it with @kbd{M-x ununderline-region}; do this | |
5388 automatically via | |
5389 | |
5390 @lisp | |
5391 (add-hook 'gnus-article-prepare-hook | |
34151
33df9c2e70bf
Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
30692
diff
changeset
|
5392 (lambda () (ununderline-region (point-min) (point-max)))) |
25474 | 5393 @end lisp |
5394 | |
5395 @node Saving a multi-part Gnus posting, Starting Gnus faster, Viewing articles with embedded underlining, Mail and news | |
5396 @section How do I save all the items of a multi-part posting in Gnus? | |
5397 @cindex Multi-part postings in Gnus, saving | |
5398 @cindex Saving multi-part postings in Gnus | |
5399 @cindex Gnus, saving multi-part postings in | |
5400 | |
5401 Use @code{gnus-uu}. Type @kbd{C-c C-v C-h} in the Gnus summary buffer | |
5402 to see a list of available commands. | |
5403 | |
5404 @node Starting Gnus faster, Catching up in all newsgroups, Saving a multi-part Gnus posting, Mail and news | |
5405 @section How do I make Gnus start up faster? | |
5406 @cindex Faster, starting Gnus | |
5407 @cindex Starting Gnus faster | |
5408 @cindex Gnus, starting faster | |
5409 | |
5410 From the Gnus FAQ (@pxref{Learning more about Gnus}): | |
5411 | |
5412 @quotation | |
5413 @email{pktiwari@@eos.ncsu.edu, Pranav Kumar Tiwari} writes: I posted | |
5414 the same query recently and I got an answer to it. I am going to | |
5415 repeat the answer. What you need is a newer version of gnus, version | |
5416 5.0.4+. I am using 5.0.12 and it works fine with me with the | |
5417 following settings: | |
5418 | |
5419 @lisp | |
5420 (setq gnus-check-new-newsgroups nil | |
5421 gnus-read-active-file 'some | |
5422 gnus-nov-is-evil nil | |
5423 gnus-select-method '(nntp gnus-nntp-server)) | |
5424 @end lisp | |
5425 @end quotation | |
5426 | |
5427 @node Catching up in all newsgroups, Killing based on nonstandard headers, Starting Gnus faster, Mail and news | |
5428 @section How do I catch up all newsgroups in Gnus? | |
5429 @cindex Catching up all newsgroups in Gnus | |
5430 @cindex Gnus, Catching up all newsgroups in | |
5431 | |
5432 In the @file{*Newsgroup*} buffer, type @kbd{M-< C-x ( c y C-x ) M-0 C-x e} | |
5433 | |
5434 Leave off the initial @kbd{M-<} if you only want to catch up from point | |
5435 to the end of the @file{*Newsgroup*} buffer. | |
5436 | |
5437 @node Killing based on nonstandard headers, Removing flashing messages, Catching up in all newsgroups, Mail and news | |
5438 @section Why can't I kill in Gnus based on the Newsgroups/Keywords/Control headers? | |
5439 @cindex Killing articles based on nonstandard headers | |
5440 @cindex Newsgroups header, killing articles based on | |
5441 @cindex Keywords header, killing articles based on | |
5442 @cindex Control header, killing articles based on | |
5443 | |
5444 Gnus will complain that the @samp{Newsgroups}, @samp{Keywords}, and | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5445 @samp{Control} headers are ``Unknown header'' fields. |
25474 | 5446 |
5447 For the @samp{Newsgroups} header, there is an easy workaround: kill on the | |
5448 @samp{Xref} header instead, which will be present on any cross-posted article | |
5449 (as long as your site carries the cross-post group). | |
5450 | |
5451 If you really want to kill on one of these headers, you can do it like | |
5452 this: | |
5453 | |
5454 @lisp | |
5455 (gnus-kill nil "^Newsgroups: .*\\(bad\\.group\\|worse\\.group\\)") | |
5456 @end lisp | |
5457 | |
5458 @node Removing flashing messages, Catch-up is slow in Gnus, Killing based on nonstandard headers, Mail and news | |
5459 @section How do I get rid of flashing messages in Gnus for slow connections? | |
5460 @cindex Flashing Gnus messages, removing | |
5461 @cindex Removing flashing Gnus messages | |
5462 @cindex Slow connections causing flashing messages in Gnus | |
5463 @cindex Gnus, flashing messages in | |
5464 | |
5465 Set @code{nntp-debug-read} to @code{nil}. | |
5466 | |
5467 @node Catch-up is slow in Gnus, Gnus hangs for a long time, Removing flashing messages, Mail and news | |
5468 @section Why is catch up slow in Gnus? | |
5469 @cindex Slow catch up in Gnus | |
5470 @cindex Gnus is slow when catching up | |
5471 @cindex Crosspostings make Gnus catching up slow | |
5472 | |
5473 Because Gnus is marking crosspostings read. You can control this with | |
5474 the variable @code{gnus-use-cross-reference}. | |
5475 | |
5476 @node Gnus hangs for a long time, Learning more about Gnus, Catch-up is slow in Gnus, Mail and news | |
5477 @section Why does Gnus hang for a long time when posting? | |
5478 @cindex Hangs in Gnus | |
5479 @cindex Gnus hangs while posting | |
5480 @cindex Posting, Gnus hangs wile | |
5481 | |
5482 @email{tale@@uunet.uu.net, David Lawrence} explains: | |
5483 | |
5484 @quotation | |
5485 The problem is almost always interaction between NNTP and C News. NNTP | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5486 POST asks C News's @code{inews} to not background itself but rather hang |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5487 around and give its exit status so it knows whether the post was successful. |
25474 | 5488 (That wait will on some systems not return the exit status of the |
5489 waited for job is a different sort of problem.) It ends up taking a | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5490 long time because @code{inews} is calling @code{relaynews}, which often |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5491 waits for another @code{relaynews} to free the lock on the news system |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5492 so it can file the article. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5493 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5494 My preferred solution is to change @code{inews} to not call |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5495 @code{relaynews}, but rather use @code{newsspool}. This loses some |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5496 error-catching functionality, but is for the most part safe as |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5497 @code{inews} will detect a lot of the errors on its own. The C News |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5498 folks have sped up @code{inews}, too, so speed should look better to |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5499 most folks as that update propagates around. |
25474 | 5500 @end quotation |
5501 | |
5502 @node Learning more about Gnus, , Gnus hangs for a long time, Mail and news | |
5503 @section Where can I find out more about Gnus? | |
5504 @cindex FAQ for Gnus | |
5505 @cindex Gnus FAQ | |
5506 @cindex Learning more about GNU | |
5507 | |
5508 Look for the Gnus FAQ, available at | |
5509 | |
5510 @uref{http://www.ccs.neu.edu/software/contrib/gnus/} | |
5511 | |
5512 @node Concept index, , Mail and news, Top | |
5513 @unnumbered Concept Index | |
5514 @printindex cp | |
5515 | |
5516 @contents | |
5517 @bye |