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annotate man/emacs-mime.texi @ 72991:0782f0fe772b
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author | Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk> |
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date | Tue, 19 Sep 2006 13:12:26 +0000 |
parents | b7261e09f8e4 |
children | 3d45362f1d38 a8190f7e546e |
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1 \input texinfo |
31853 | 2 |
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3 @setfilename ../info/emacs-mime |
31853 | 4 @settitle Emacs MIME Manual |
5 @synindex fn cp | |
6 @synindex vr cp | |
7 @synindex pg cp | |
8 | |
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9 @copying |
31853 | 10 This file documents the Emacs MIME interface functionality. |
11 | |
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12 Copyright @copyright{} 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, |
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13 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
31853 | 14 |
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15 @quotation |
31853 | 16 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
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17 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or |
32258 | 18 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no |
19 Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU | |
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20 Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the |
31853 | 21 license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation |
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22 License'' in the Emacs manual. |
31853 | 23 |
24 (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify | |
25 this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free | |
26 Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' | |
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27 |
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28 This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free |
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29 Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document |
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30 separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the |
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31 license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license. |
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32 @end quotation |
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33 @end copying |
31853 | 34 |
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35 @dircategory Emacs |
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36 @direntry |
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37 * Emacs MIME: (emacs-mime). Emacs MIME de/composition library. |
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38 @end direntry |
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39 @iftex |
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40 @finalout |
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41 @end iftex |
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42 @setchapternewpage odd |
31853 | 43 |
44 @titlepage | |
45 @title Emacs MIME Manual | |
46 | |
47 @author by Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen | |
48 @page | |
49 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll | |
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50 @insertcopying |
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51 @end titlepage |
31853 | 52 |
53 @node Top | |
54 @top Emacs MIME | |
55 | |
56 This manual documents the libraries used to compose and display | |
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57 @acronym{MIME} messages. |
31853 | 58 |
63600 | 59 This manual is directed at users who want to modify the behavior of |
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60 the @acronym{MIME} encoding/decoding process or want a more detailed |
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61 picture of how the Emacs @acronym{MIME} library works, and people who want |
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62 to write functions and commands that manipulate @acronym{MIME} elements. |
31853 | 63 |
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64 @acronym{MIME} is short for @dfn{Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions}. |
31853 | 65 This standard is documented in a number of RFCs; mainly RFC2045 (Format |
66 of Internet Message Bodies), RFC2046 (Media Types), RFC2047 (Message | |
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67 Header Extensions for Non-@acronym{ASCII} Text), RFC2048 (Registration |
31853 | 68 Procedures), RFC2049 (Conformance Criteria and Examples). It is highly |
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69 recommended that anyone who intends writing @acronym{MIME}-compliant software |
31853 | 70 read at least RFC2045 and RFC2047. |
71 | |
72 @menu | |
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73 * Decoding and Viewing:: A framework for decoding and viewing. |
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74 * Composing:: @acronym{MML}; a language for describing @acronym{MIME} parts. |
31853 | 75 * Interface Functions:: An abstraction over the basic functions. |
76 * Basic Functions:: Utility and basic parsing functions. | |
77 * Standards:: A summary of RFCs and working documents used. | |
78 * Index:: Function and variable index. | |
79 @end menu | |
80 | |
81 | |
82 @node Decoding and Viewing | |
83 @chapter Decoding and Viewing | |
84 | |
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85 This chapter deals with decoding and viewing @acronym{MIME} messages on a |
31853 | 86 higher level. |
87 | |
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88 The main idea is to first analyze a @acronym{MIME} article, and then allow |
31853 | 89 other programs to do things based on the list of @dfn{handles} that are |
90 returned as a result of this analysis. | |
91 | |
92 @menu | |
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93 * Dissection:: Analyzing a @acronym{MIME} message. |
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94 * Non-MIME:: Analyzing a non-@acronym{MIME} message. |
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95 * Handles:: Handle manipulations. |
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96 * Display:: Displaying handles. |
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97 * Display Customization:: Variables that affect display. |
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98 * Files and Directories:: Saving and naming attachments. |
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99 * New Viewers:: How to write your own viewers. |
31853 | 100 @end menu |
101 | |
102 | |
103 @node Dissection | |
104 @section Dissection | |
105 | |
106 The @code{mm-dissect-buffer} is the function responsible for dissecting | |
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107 a @acronym{MIME} article. If given a multipart message, it will recursively |
31853 | 108 descend the message, following the structure, and return a tree of |
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109 @acronym{MIME} handles that describes the structure of the message. |
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110 |
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111 @node Non-MIME |
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112 @section Non-MIME |
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113 @vindex mm-uu-configure-list |
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114 |
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115 Gnus also understands some non-@acronym{MIME} attachments, such as |
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116 postscript, uuencode, binhex, yenc, shar, forward, gnatsweb, pgp, |
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117 diff. Each of these features can be disabled by add an item into |
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118 @code{mm-uu-configure-list}. For example, |
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119 |
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120 @lisp |
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121 (require 'mm-uu) |
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122 (add-to-list 'mm-uu-configure-list '(pgp-signed . disabled)) |
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123 @end lisp |
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124 |
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125 @table @code |
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126 @item postscript |
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127 @findex postscript |
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128 Postscript file. |
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129 |
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130 @item uu |
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131 @findex uu |
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132 Uuencoded file. |
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133 |
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134 @item binhex |
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135 @findex binhex |
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136 Binhex encoded file. |
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137 |
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138 @item yenc |
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139 @findex yenc |
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140 Yenc encoded file. |
31853 | 141 |
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142 @item shar |
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143 @findex shar |
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144 Shar archive file. |
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145 |
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146 @item forward |
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147 @findex forward |
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148 Non-@acronym{MIME} forwarded message. |
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149 |
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150 @item gnatsweb |
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151 @findex gnatsweb |
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152 Gnatsweb attachment. |
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153 |
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154 @item pgp-signed |
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155 @findex pgp-signed |
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156 @acronym{PGP} signed clear text. |
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157 |
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158 @item pgp-encrypted |
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159 @findex pgp-encrypted |
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160 @acronym{PGP} encrypted clear text. |
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161 |
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162 @item pgp-key |
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163 @findex pgp-key |
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164 @acronym{PGP} public keys. |
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165 |
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166 @item emacs-sources |
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167 @findex emacs-sources |
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168 @vindex mm-uu-emacs-sources-regexp |
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169 Emacs source code. This item works only in the groups matching |
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170 @code{mm-uu-emacs-sources-regexp}. |
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171 |
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172 @item diff |
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173 @vindex diff |
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174 @vindex mm-uu-diff-groups-regexp |
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175 Patches. This is intended for groups where diffs of committed files |
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176 are automatically sent to. It only works in groups matching |
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177 @code{mm-uu-diff-groups-regexp}. |
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178 |
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179 @end table |
31853 | 180 |
181 @node Handles | |
182 @section Handles | |
183 | |
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184 A @acronym{MIME} handle is a list that fully describes a @acronym{MIME} |
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185 component. |
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186 |
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187 The following macros can be used to access elements in a handle: |
31853 | 188 |
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189 @table @code |
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190 @item mm-handle-buffer |
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191 @findex mm-handle-buffer |
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192 Return the buffer that holds the contents of the undecoded @acronym{MIME} |
31853 | 193 part. |
194 | |
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195 @item mm-handle-type |
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196 @findex mm-handle-type |
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197 Return the parsed @code{Content-Type} of the part. |
31853 | 198 |
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199 @item mm-handle-encoding |
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200 @findex mm-handle-encoding |
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201 Return the @code{Content-Transfer-Encoding} of the part. |
31853 | 202 |
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203 @item mm-handle-undisplayer |
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204 @findex mm-handle-undisplayer |
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205 Return the object that can be used to remove the displayed part (if it |
31853 | 206 has been displayed). |
207 | |
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208 @item mm-handle-set-undisplayer |
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209 @findex mm-handle-set-undisplayer |
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210 Set the undisplayer object. |
31853 | 211 |
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212 @item mm-handle-disposition |
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213 @findex mm-handle-disposition |
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214 Return the parsed @code{Content-Disposition} of the part. |
31853 | 215 |
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216 @item mm-get-content-id |
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217 Returns the handle(s) referred to by @code{Content-ID}. |
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218 |
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219 @end table |
31853 | 220 |
221 | |
222 @node Display | |
223 @section Display | |
224 | |
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225 Functions for displaying, removing and saving. |
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226 |
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227 @table @code |
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228 @item mm-display-part |
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229 @findex mm-display-part |
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230 Display the part. |
31853 | 231 |
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232 @item mm-remove-part |
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233 @findex mm-remove-part |
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234 Remove the part (if it has been displayed). |
31853 | 235 |
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236 @item mm-inlinable-p |
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237 @findex mm-inlinable-p |
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238 Say whether a @acronym{MIME} type can be displayed inline. |
31853 | 239 |
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240 @item mm-automatic-display-p |
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241 @findex mm-automatic-display-p |
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242 Say whether a @acronym{MIME} type should be displayed automatically. |
31853 | 243 |
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244 @item mm-destroy-part |
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245 @findex mm-destroy-part |
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246 Free all resources occupied by a part. |
31853 | 247 |
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248 @item mm-save-part |
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249 @findex mm-save-part |
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250 Offer to save the part in a file. |
31853 | 251 |
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252 @item mm-pipe-part |
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253 @findex mm-pipe-part |
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254 Offer to pipe the part to some process. |
31853 | 255 |
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256 @item mm-interactively-view-part |
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257 @findex mm-interactively-view-part |
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258 Prompt for a mailcap method to use to view the part. |
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259 |
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260 @end table |
31853 | 261 |
262 | |
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263 @node Display Customization |
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264 @section Display Customization |
31853 | 265 |
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266 @table @code |
31853 | 267 |
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268 @item mm-inline-media-tests |
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269 @vindex mm-inline-media-tests |
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270 This is an alist where the key is a @acronym{MIME} type, the second element |
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271 is a function to display the part @dfn{inline} (i.e., inside Emacs), and |
31853 | 272 the third element is a form to be @code{eval}ed to say whether the part |
273 can be displayed inline. | |
274 | |
275 This variable specifies whether a part @emph{can} be displayed inline, | |
276 and, if so, how to do it. It does not say whether parts are | |
277 @emph{actually} displayed inline. | |
278 | |
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279 @item mm-inlined-types |
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280 @vindex mm-inlined-types |
31853 | 281 This, on the other hand, says what types are to be displayed inline, if |
282 they satisfy the conditions set by the variable above. It's a list of | |
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283 @acronym{MIME} media types. |
31853 | 284 |
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285 @item mm-automatic-display |
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286 @vindex mm-automatic-display |
31853 | 287 This is a list of types that are to be displayed ``automatically'', but |
288 only if the above variable allows it. That is, only inlinable parts can | |
289 be displayed automatically. | |
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290 |
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291 @item mm-automatic-external-display |
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292 @vindex mm-automatic-external-display |
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293 This is a list of types that will be displayed automatically in an |
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294 external viewer. |
31853 | 295 |
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296 @item mm-keep-viewer-alive-types |
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297 @vindex mm-keep-viewer-alive-types |
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298 This is a list of media types for which the external viewer will not |
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299 be killed when selecting a different article. |
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300 |
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301 @item mm-attachment-override-types |
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302 @vindex mm-attachment-override-types |
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303 Some @acronym{MIME} agents create parts that have a content-disposition of |
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304 @samp{attachment}. This variable allows overriding that disposition and |
31853 | 305 displaying the part inline. (Note that the disposition is only |
306 overridden if we are able to, and want to, display the part inline.) | |
307 | |
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308 @item mm-discouraged-alternatives |
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309 @vindex mm-discouraged-alternatives |
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310 List of @acronym{MIME} types that are discouraged when viewing |
31853 | 311 @samp{multipart/alternative}. Viewing agents are supposed to view the |
312 last possible part of a message, as that is supposed to be the richest. | |
313 However, users may prefer other types instead, and this list says what | |
314 types are most unwanted. If, for instance, @samp{text/html} parts are | |
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315 very unwanted, and @samp{text/richtext} parts are somewhat unwanted, |
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316 you could say something like: |
31853 | 317 |
318 @lisp | |
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319 (setq mm-discouraged-alternatives |
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320 '("text/html" "text/richtext") |
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321 mm-automatic-display |
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322 (remove "text/html" mm-automatic-display)) |
31853 | 323 @end lisp |
324 | |
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325 Adding @code{"image/.*"} might also be useful. Spammers use images as |
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326 the preferred part of @samp{multipart/alternative} messages, so you might |
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327 not notice there are other parts. See also |
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328 @code{gnus-buttonized-mime-types}, @ref{MIME Commands, ,MIME Commands, |
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329 gnus, Gnus Manual}. After adding @code{"multipart/alternative"} to |
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330 @code{gnus-buttonized-mime-types} you can choose manually which |
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331 alternative you'd like to view. For example, you can set those |
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332 variables like: |
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333 |
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334 @lisp |
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335 (setq gnus-buttonized-mime-types |
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336 '("multipart/alternative" "multipart/signed") |
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337 mm-discouraged-alternatives |
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338 '("text/html" "image/.*")) |
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339 @end lisp |
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340 |
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341 In this case, Gnus will display radio buttons for such a kind of spam |
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342 message as follows: |
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343 |
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344 @example |
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345 1. (*) multipart/alternative ( ) image/gif |
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346 |
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347 2. (*) text/plain ( ) text/html |
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348 @end example |
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349 |
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350 @item mm-inline-large-images |
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351 @vindex mm-inline-large-images |
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352 When displaying inline images that are larger than the window, Emacs |
31853 | 353 does not enable scrolling, which means that you cannot see the whole |
354 image. To prevent this, the library tries to determine the image size | |
355 before displaying it inline, and if it doesn't fit the window, the | |
356 library will display it externally (e.g. with @samp{ImageMagick} or | |
357 @samp{xv}). Setting this variable to @code{t} disables this check and | |
358 makes the library display all inline images as inline, regardless of | |
359 their size. | |
360 | |
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361 @item mm-inline-override-types |
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362 @vindex mm-inline-override-types |
31853 | 363 @code{mm-inlined-types} may include regular expressions, for example to |
364 specify that all @samp{text/.*} parts be displayed inline. If a user | |
365 prefers to have a type that matches such a regular expression be treated | |
366 as an attachment, that can be accomplished by setting this variable to a | |
367 list containing that type. For example assuming @code{mm-inlined-types} | |
368 includes @samp{text/.*}, then including @samp{text/html} in this | |
369 variable will cause @samp{text/html} parts to be treated as attachments. | |
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370 |
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371 @item mm-text-html-renderer |
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372 @vindex mm-text-html-renderer |
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373 This selects the function used to render @acronym{HTML}. The predefined |
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374 renderers are selected by the symbols @code{w3}, |
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375 @code{w3m}@footnote{See @uref{http://emacs-w3m.namazu.org/} for more |
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376 information about emacs-w3m}, @code{links}, @code{lynx}, |
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377 @code{w3m-standalone} or @code{html2text}. If @code{nil} use an |
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378 external viewer. You can also specify a function, which will be |
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379 called with a @acronym{MIME} handle as the argument. |
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380 |
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381 @item mm-inline-text-html-with-images |
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382 @vindex mm-inline-text-html-with-images |
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383 Some @acronym{HTML} mails might have the trick of spammers using |
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384 @samp{<img>} tags. It is likely to be intended to verify whether you |
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385 have read the mail. You can prevent your personal informations from |
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386 leaking by setting this option to @code{nil} (which is the default). |
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387 It is currently ignored by Emacs/w3. For emacs-w3m, you may use the |
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388 command @kbd{t} on the image anchor to show an image even if it is |
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389 @code{nil}.@footnote{The command @kbd{T} will load all images. If you |
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390 have set the option @code{w3m-key-binding} to @code{info}, use @kbd{i} |
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391 or @kbd{I} instead.} |
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392 |
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393 @item mm-w3m-safe-url-regexp |
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394 @vindex mm-w3m-safe-url-regexp |
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395 A regular expression that matches safe URL names, i.e. URLs that are |
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396 unlikely to leak personal information when rendering @acronym{HTML} |
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397 email (the default value is @samp{\\`cid:}). If @code{nil} consider |
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398 all URLs safe. |
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399 |
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400 @item mm-inline-text-html-with-w3m-keymap |
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401 @vindex mm-inline-text-html-with-w3m-keymap |
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402 You can use emacs-w3m command keys in the inlined text/html part by |
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403 setting this option to non-@code{nil}. The default value is @code{t}. |
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404 |
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405 @item mm-external-terminal-program |
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406 @vindex mm-external-terminal-program |
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407 The program used to start an external terminal. |
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408 |
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409 @item mm-enable-external |
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410 @vindex mm-enable-external |
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411 Indicate whether external @acronym{MIME} handlers should be used. |
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412 |
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413 If @code{t}, all defined external @acronym{MIME} handlers are used. If |
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414 @code{nil}, files are saved to disk (@code{mailcap-save-binary-file}). |
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415 If it is the symbol @code{ask}, you are prompted before the external |
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416 @acronym{MIME} handler is invoked. |
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417 |
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418 When you launch an attachment through mailcap (@pxref{mailcap}) an |
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419 attempt is made to use a safe viewer with the safest options---this isn't |
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420 the case if you save it to disk and launch it in a different way |
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421 (command line or double-clicking). Anyhow, if you want to be sure not |
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422 to launch any external programs, set this variable to @code{nil} or |
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423 @code{ask}. |
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424 |
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425 @end table |
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426 |
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427 @node Files and Directories |
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428 @section Files and Directories |
31853 | 429 |
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430 @table @code |
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431 |
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432 @item mm-default-directory |
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433 @vindex mm-default-directory |
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434 The default directory for saving attachments. If @code{nil} use |
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435 @code{default-directory}. |
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436 |
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437 @item mm-tmp-directory |
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438 @vindex mm-tmp-directory |
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439 Directory for storing temporary files. |
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440 |
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441 @item mm-file-name-rewrite-functions |
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442 @vindex mm-file-name-rewrite-functions |
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443 A list of functions used for rewriting file names of @acronym{MIME} |
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444 parts. Each function is applied successively to the file name. |
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445 Ready-made functions include |
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446 |
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447 @table @code |
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448 @item mm-file-name-delete-control |
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449 @findex mm-file-name-delete-control |
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450 Delete all control characters. |
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451 |
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452 @item mm-file-name-delete-gotchas |
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453 @findex mm-file-name-delete-gotchas |
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454 Delete characters that could have unintended consequences when used |
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455 with flawed shell scripts, i.e. @samp{|}, @samp{>} and @samp{<}; and |
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456 @samp{-}, @samp{.} as the first character. |
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457 |
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458 @item mm-file-name-delete-whitespace |
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459 @findex mm-file-name-delete-whitespace |
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460 Remove all whitespace. |
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461 |
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462 @item mm-file-name-trim-whitespace |
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463 @findex mm-file-name-trim-whitespace |
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464 Remove leading and trailing whitespace. |
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465 |
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466 @item mm-file-name-collapse-whitespace |
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467 @findex mm-file-name-collapse-whitespace |
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468 Collapse multiple whitespace characters. |
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469 |
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470 @item mm-file-name-replace-whitespace |
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471 @findex mm-file-name-replace-whitespace |
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472 @vindex mm-file-name-replace-whitespace |
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473 Replace whitespace with underscores. Set the variable |
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474 @code{mm-file-name-replace-whitespace} to any other string if you do |
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475 not like underscores. |
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476 @end table |
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477 |
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478 The standard Emacs functions @code{capitalize}, @code{downcase}, |
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479 @code{upcase} and @code{upcase-initials} might also prove useful. |
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480 |
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481 @item mm-path-name-rewrite-functions |
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482 @vindex mm-path-name-rewrite-functions |
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483 List of functions used for rewriting the full file names of @acronym{MIME} |
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484 parts. This is used when viewing parts externally, and is meant for |
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485 transforming the absolute name so that non-compliant programs can find |
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486 the file where it's saved. |
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487 |
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488 @end table |
31853 | 489 |
490 @node New Viewers | |
491 @section New Viewers | |
492 | |
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493 Here's an example viewer for displaying @code{text/enriched} inline: |
31853 | 494 |
495 @lisp | |
496 (defun mm-display-enriched-inline (handle) | |
497 (let (text) | |
498 (with-temp-buffer | |
499 (mm-insert-part handle) | |
500 (save-window-excursion | |
501 (enriched-decode (point-min) (point-max)) | |
502 (setq text (buffer-string)))) | |
503 (mm-insert-inline handle text))) | |
504 @end lisp | |
505 | |
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506 We see that the function takes a @acronym{MIME} handle as its parameter. It |
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507 then goes to a temporary buffer, inserts the text of the part, does some |
31853 | 508 work on the text, stores the result, goes back to the buffer it was |
509 called from and inserts the result. | |
510 | |
511 The two important helper functions here are @code{mm-insert-part} and | |
512 @code{mm-insert-inline}. The first function inserts the text of the | |
513 handle in the current buffer. It handles charset and/or content | |
514 transfer decoding. The second function just inserts whatever text you | |
515 tell it to insert, but it also sets things up so that the text can be | |
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516 ``undisplayed'' in a convenient manner. |
31853 | 517 |
518 | |
519 @node Composing | |
520 @chapter Composing | |
521 @cindex Composing | |
522 @cindex MIME Composing | |
523 @cindex MML | |
524 @cindex MIME Meta Language | |
525 | |
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526 Creating a @acronym{MIME} message is boring and non-trivial. Therefore, |
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527 a library called @code{mml} has been defined that parses a language |
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528 called @acronym{MML} (@acronym{MIME} Meta Language) and generates |
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529 @acronym{MIME} messages. |
31853 | 530 |
531 @findex mml-generate-mime | |
532 The main interface function is @code{mml-generate-mime}. It will | |
533 examine the contents of the current (narrowed-to) buffer and return a | |
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534 string containing the @acronym{MIME} message. |
31853 | 535 |
536 @menu | |
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537 * Simple MML Example:: An example @acronym{MML} document. |
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538 * MML Definition:: All valid @acronym{MML} elements. |
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539 * Advanced MML Example:: Another example @acronym{MML} document. |
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540 * Encoding Customization:: Variables that affect encoding. |
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541 * Charset Translation:: How charsets are mapped from @sc{mule} to @acronym{MIME}. |
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542 * Conversion:: Going from @acronym{MIME} to @acronym{MML} and vice versa. |
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543 * Flowed text:: Soft and hard newlines. |
31853 | 544 @end menu |
545 | |
546 | |
547 @node Simple MML Example | |
548 @section Simple MML Example | |
549 | |
550 Here's a simple @samp{multipart/alternative}: | |
551 | |
552 @example | |
553 <#multipart type=alternative> | |
554 This is a plain text part. | |
555 <#part type=text/enriched> | |
556 <center>This is a centered enriched part</center> | |
557 <#/multipart> | |
558 @end example | |
559 | |
560 After running this through @code{mml-generate-mime}, we get this: | |
561 | |
562 @example | |
563 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="=-=-=" | |
564 | |
565 | |
566 --=-=-= | |
567 | |
568 | |
569 This is a plain text part. | |
570 | |
571 --=-=-= | |
572 Content-Type: text/enriched | |
573 | |
574 | |
575 <center>This is a centered enriched part</center> | |
576 | |
577 --=-=-=-- | |
578 @end example | |
579 | |
580 | |
581 @node MML Definition | |
582 @section MML Definition | |
583 | |
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584 The @acronym{MML} language is very simple. It looks a bit like an SGML |
31853 | 585 application, but it's not. |
586 | |
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587 The main concept of @acronym{MML} is the @dfn{part}. Each part can be of a |
31853 | 588 different type or use a different charset. The way to delineate a part |
589 is with a @samp{<#part ...>} tag. Multipart parts can be introduced | |
590 with the @samp{<#multipart ...>} tag. Parts are ended by the | |
591 @samp{<#/part>} or @samp{<#/multipart>} tags. Parts started with the | |
592 @samp{<#part ...>} tags are also closed by the next open tag. | |
593 | |
594 There's also the @samp{<#external ...>} tag. These introduce | |
595 @samp{external/message-body} parts. | |
596 | |
597 Each tag can contain zero or more parameters on the form | |
598 @samp{parameter=value}. The values may be enclosed in quotation marks, | |
599 but that's not necessary unless the value contains white space. So | |
600 @samp{filename=/home/user/#hello$^yes} is perfectly valid. | |
601 | |
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602 The following parameters have meaning in @acronym{MML}; parameters that have no |
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603 meaning are ignored. The @acronym{MML} parameter names are the same as the |
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604 @acronym{MIME} parameter names; the things in the parentheses say which |
31853 | 605 header it will be used in. |
606 | |
607 @table @samp | |
608 @item type | |
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609 The @acronym{MIME} type of the part (@code{Content-Type}). |
31853 | 610 |
611 @item filename | |
612 Use the contents of the file in the body of the part | |
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613 (@code{Content-Disposition}). |
31853 | 614 |
615 @item charset | |
616 The contents of the body of the part are to be encoded in the character | |
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617 set specified (@code{Content-Type}). @xref{Charset Translation}. |
31853 | 618 |
619 @item name | |
620 Might be used to suggest a file name if the part is to be saved | |
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621 to a file (@code{Content-Type}). |
31853 | 622 |
623 @item disposition | |
624 Valid values are @samp{inline} and @samp{attachment} | |
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625 (@code{Content-Disposition}). |
31853 | 626 |
627 @item encoding | |
628 Valid values are @samp{7bit}, @samp{8bit}, @samp{quoted-printable} and | |
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629 @samp{base64} (@code{Content-Transfer-Encoding}). @xref{Charset |
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630 Translation}. |
31853 | 631 |
632 @item description | |
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633 A description of the part (@code{Content-Description}). |
31853 | 634 |
635 @item creation-date | |
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636 RFC822 date when the part was created (@code{Content-Disposition}). |
31853 | 637 |
638 @item modification-date | |
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639 RFC822 date when the part was modified (@code{Content-Disposition}). |
31853 | 640 |
641 @item read-date | |
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642 RFC822 date when the part was read (@code{Content-Disposition}). |
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643 |
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644 @item recipients |
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645 Who to encrypt/sign the part to. This field is used to override any |
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646 auto-detection based on the To/CC headers. |
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647 |
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648 @item sender |
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649 Identity used to sign the part. This field is used to override the |
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650 default key used. |
31853 | 651 |
652 @item size | |
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653 The size (in octets) of the part (@code{Content-Disposition}). |
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654 |
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655 @item sign |
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656 What technology to sign this @acronym{MML} part with (@code{smime}, @code{pgp} |
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657 or @code{pgpmime}) |
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658 |
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659 @item encrypt |
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660 What technology to encrypt this @acronym{MML} part with (@code{smime}, |
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661 @code{pgp} or @code{pgpmime}) |
31853 | 662 |
663 @end table | |
664 | |
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665 Parameters for @samp{text/plain}: |
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666 |
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667 @table @samp |
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668 @item format |
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669 Formatting parameter for the text, valid values include @samp{fixed} |
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670 (the default) and @samp{flowed}. Normally you do not specify this |
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671 manually, since it requires the textual body to be formatted in a |
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672 special way described in RFC 2646. @xref{Flowed text}. |
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673 @end table |
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674 |
31853 | 675 Parameters for @samp{application/octet-stream}: |
676 | |
677 @table @samp | |
678 @item type | |
679 Type of the part; informal---meant for human readers | |
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680 (@code{Content-Type}). |
31853 | 681 @end table |
682 | |
683 Parameters for @samp{message/external-body}: | |
684 | |
685 @table @samp | |
686 @item access-type | |
687 A word indicating the supported access mechanism by which the file may | |
688 be obtained. Values include @samp{ftp}, @samp{anon-ftp}, @samp{tftp}, | |
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689 @samp{localfile}, and @samp{mailserver}. (@code{Content-Type}.) |
31853 | 690 |
691 @item expiration | |
692 The RFC822 date after which the file may no longer be fetched. | |
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693 (@code{Content-Type}.) |
31853 | 694 |
695 @item size | |
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696 The size (in octets) of the file. (@code{Content-Type}.) |
31853 | 697 |
698 @item permission | |
699 Valid values are @samp{read} and @samp{read-write} | |
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700 (@code{Content-Type}). |
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701 |
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702 @end table |
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703 |
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704 Parameters for @samp{sign=smime}: |
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705 |
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706 @table @samp |
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707 |
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708 @item keyfile |
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709 File containing key and certificate for signer. |
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710 |
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711 @end table |
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712 |
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713 Parameters for @samp{encrypt=smime}: |
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714 |
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715 @table @samp |
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716 |
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717 @item certfile |
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718 File containing certificate for recipient. |
31853 | 719 |
720 @end table | |
721 | |
722 | |
723 @node Advanced MML Example | |
724 @section Advanced MML Example | |
725 | |
726 Here's a complex multipart message. It's a @samp{multipart/mixed} that | |
727 contains many parts, one of which is a @samp{multipart/alternative}. | |
728 | |
729 @example | |
730 <#multipart type=mixed> | |
731 <#part type=image/jpeg filename=~/rms.jpg disposition=inline> | |
732 <#multipart type=alternative> | |
733 This is a plain text part. | |
734 <#part type=text/enriched name=enriched.txt> | |
735 <center>This is a centered enriched part</center> | |
736 <#/multipart> | |
737 This is a new plain text part. | |
738 <#part disposition=attachment> | |
739 This plain text part is an attachment. | |
740 <#/multipart> | |
741 @end example | |
742 | |
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743 And this is the resulting @acronym{MIME} message: |
31853 | 744 |
745 @example | |
746 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="=-=-=" | |
747 | |
748 | |
749 --=-=-= | |
750 | |
751 | |
752 | |
753 --=-=-= | |
754 Content-Type: image/jpeg; | |
755 filename="~/rms.jpg" | |
756 Content-Disposition: inline; | |
757 filename="~/rms.jpg" | |
758 Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 | |
759 | |
760 /9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wBDAAgGBgcGBQgHBwcJCQgKDBQNDAsLDBkSEw8UHRof | |
761 Hh0aHBwgJC4nICIsIxwcKDcpLDAxNDQ0Hyc5PTgyPC4zNDL/wAALCAAwADABAREA/8QAHwAA | |
762 AQUBAQEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAECAwQFBgcICQoL/8QAtRAAAgEDAwIEAwUFBAQAAAF9AQIDAAQR | |
763 BRIhMUEGE1FhByJxFDKBkaEII0KxwRVS0fAkM2JyggkKFhcYGRolJicoKSo0NTY3ODk6Q0RF | |
764 RkdISUpTVFVWV1hZWmNkZWZnaGlqc3R1dnd4eXqDhIWGh4iJipKTlJWWl5iZmqKjpKWmp6ip | |
765 qrKztLW2t7i5usLDxMXGx8jJytLT1NXW19jZ2uHi4+Tl5ufo6erx8vP09fb3+Pn6/9oACAEB | |
766 AAA/AO/rifFHjldNuGsrDa0qcSSHkA+gHrXKw+LtWLrMb+RgTyhbr+HSug07xNqV9fQtZrNI | |
767 AyiaE/NuBPOOOP0rvRNE880KOC8TbXXGCv1FPqjrF4LDR7u5L7SkTFT/ALWOP1xXgTuXfc7E | |
768 sx6nua6rwp4IvvEM8chCxWxOdzn7wz6V9AaB4S07w9p5itow0rDLSY5Pt9K43xO66P4xs71m | |
769 2QXiGCbA4yOVJ9+1aYORkdK434lyNH4ahCnG66VT9Nj15JFbPdX0MS43M4VQf5/yr2vSpLnw | |
770 5ZW8dlCZ8KFXjOPX0/mK6rSPEGt3Angu44fNEReHYNvIH3TzXDeKNO8RX+kSX2ouZkicTIOc | |
771 L+g7E810ulFjpVtv3bwgB3HJyK5L4quY/C9sVxk3ij/xx6850u7t1mtp/wDlpEw3An3Jr3Dw | |
772 34gsbWza4nBlhC5LDsaW6+IFgupQyCF3iHH7gA7c9R9ay7zx6t7aX9jHC4smhfBkGCvHGfrm | |
773 tLQ7hbnRrV1GPkAP1x1/Hr+Ncr8Vzjwrbf8AX6v/AKA9eQRyYlQk8Yx9K6XTNbkgia2ciSIn | |
774 7p5Ga9Atte0LTLKO6it4i7dVRFJDcZ4PvXN+JvEMF9bILVGXJLSZ4zkjivRPDaeX4b08HOTC | |
775 pOffmua+KkbS+GLVUGT9tT/0B68eeIpIFYjB70+OOVXyoOM9+M1eaWeCLzHPyHGO/NVWvJJm | |
776 jQ8KGH1NfQWhXSXmh2c8eArRLwO3HSv/2Q== | |
777 | |
778 --=-=-= | |
779 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="==-=-=" | |
780 | |
781 | |
782 --==-=-= | |
783 | |
784 | |
785 This is a plain text part. | |
786 | |
787 --==-=-= | |
788 Content-Type: text/enriched; | |
789 name="enriched.txt" | |
790 | |
791 | |
792 <center>This is a centered enriched part</center> | |
793 | |
794 --==-=-=-- | |
795 | |
796 --=-=-= | |
797 | |
798 This is a new plain text part. | |
799 | |
800 --=-=-= | |
801 Content-Disposition: attachment | |
802 | |
803 | |
804 This plain text part is an attachment. | |
805 | |
806 --=-=-=-- | |
807 @end example | |
808 | |
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809 @node Encoding Customization |
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810 @section Encoding Customization |
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811 |
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812 @table @code |
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813 |
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814 @item mm-body-charset-encoding-alist |
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815 @vindex mm-body-charset-encoding-alist |
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816 Mapping from @acronym{MIME} charset to encoding to use. This variable is |
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817 usually used except, e.g., when other requirements force a specific |
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818 encoding (digitally signed messages require 7bit encodings). The |
63600 | 819 default is |
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820 |
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821 @lisp |
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822 ((iso-2022-jp . 7bit) |
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823 (iso-2022-jp-2 . 7bit) |
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824 (utf-16 . base64) |
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825 (utf-16be . base64) |
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826 (utf-16le . base64)) |
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827 @end lisp |
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828 |
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829 As an example, if you do not want to have ISO-8859-1 characters |
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830 quoted-printable encoded, you may add @code{(iso-8859-1 . 8bit)} to |
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831 this variable. You can override this setting on a per-message basis |
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832 by using the @code{encoding} @acronym{MML} tag (@pxref{MML Definition}). |
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833 |
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834 @item mm-coding-system-priorities |
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835 @vindex mm-coding-system-priorities |
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836 Prioritize coding systems to use for outgoing messages. The default |
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837 is @code{nil}, which means to use the defaults in Emacs, but is |
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838 @code{(iso-8859-1 iso-2022-jp iso-2022-jp-2 shift_jis utf-8)} when |
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839 running Emacs in the Japanese language environment. It is a list of |
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840 coding system symbols (aliases of coding systems are also allowed, use |
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841 @kbd{M-x describe-coding-system} to make sure you are specifying correct |
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842 coding system names). For example, if you have configured Emacs |
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843 to prefer UTF-8, but wish that outgoing messages should be sent in |
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844 ISO-8859-1 if possible, you can set this variable to |
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845 @code{(iso-8859-1)}. You can override this setting on a per-message |
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846 basis by using the @code{charset} @acronym{MML} tag (@pxref{MML Definition}). |
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847 |
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848 @item mm-content-transfer-encoding-defaults |
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849 @vindex mm-content-transfer-encoding-defaults |
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850 Mapping from @acronym{MIME} types to encoding to use. This variable is usually |
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851 used except, e.g., when other requirements force a safer encoding |
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852 (digitally signed messages require 7bit encoding). Besides the normal |
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853 @acronym{MIME} encodings, @code{qp-or-base64} may be used to indicate that for |
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854 each case the most efficient of quoted-printable and base64 should be |
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855 used. |
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856 |
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857 @code{qp-or-base64} has another effect. It will fold long lines so that |
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858 MIME parts may not be broken by MTA. So do @code{quoted-printable} and |
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859 @code{base64}. |
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860 |
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861 Note that it affects body encoding only when a part is a raw forwarded |
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862 message (which will be made by @code{gnus-summary-mail-forward} with the |
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863 arg 2 for example) or is neither the @samp{text/*} type nor the |
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864 @samp{message/*} type. Even though in those cases, you can override |
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865 this setting on a per-message basis by using the @code{encoding} |
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866 @acronym{MML} tag (@pxref{MML Definition}). |
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867 |
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868 @item mm-use-ultra-safe-encoding |
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869 @vindex mm-use-ultra-safe-encoding |
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870 When this is non-@code{nil}, it means that textual parts are encoded as |
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871 quoted-printable if they contain lines longer than 76 characters or |
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872 starting with "From " in the body. Non-7bit encodings (8bit, binary) |
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873 are generally disallowed. This reduce the probability that a non-8bit |
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874 clean MTA or MDA changes the message. This should never be set |
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875 directly, but bound by other functions when necessary (e.g., when |
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876 encoding messages that are to be digitally signed). |
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877 |
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878 @end table |
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879 |
31853 | 880 @node Charset Translation |
881 @section Charset Translation | |
882 @cindex charsets | |
883 | |
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884 During translation from @acronym{MML} to @acronym{MIME}, for each |
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885 @acronym{MIME} part which has been composed inside Emacs, an appropriate |
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886 charset has to be chosen. |
31853 | 887 |
888 @vindex mail-parse-charset | |
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889 If you are running a non-@sc{mule} Emacs, this process is simple: If the |
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890 part contains any non-@acronym{ASCII} (8-bit) characters, the @acronym{MIME} charset |
31853 | 891 given by @code{mail-parse-charset} (a symbol) is used. (Never set this |
892 variable directly, though. If you want to change the default charset, | |
893 please consult the documentation of the package which you use to process | |
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894 @acronym{MIME} messages. |
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895 @xref{Various Message Variables, , Various Message Variables, message, |
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896 Message Manual}, for example.) |
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897 If there are only @acronym{ASCII} characters, the @acronym{MIME} charset US-ASCII is |
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898 used, of course. |
31853 | 899 |
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900 @cindex MULE |
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901 @cindex UTF-8 |
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902 @cindex Unicode |
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903 @vindex mm-mime-mule-charset-alist |
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904 Things are slightly more complicated when running Emacs with @sc{mule} |
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905 support. In this case, a list of the @sc{mule} charsets used in the |
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906 part is obtained, and the @sc{mule} charsets are translated to |
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907 @acronym{MIME} charsets by consulting the table provided by Emacs itself |
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908 or the variable @code{mm-mime-mule-charset-alist} for XEmacs. |
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909 If this results in a single @acronym{MIME} charset, this is used to encode |
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910 the part. But if the resulting list of @acronym{MIME} charsets contains more |
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911 than one element, two things can happen: If it is possible to encode the |
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912 part via UTF-8, this charset is used. (For this, Emacs must support |
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913 the @code{utf-8} coding system, and the part must consist entirely of |
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914 characters which have Unicode counterparts.) If UTF-8 is not available |
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915 for some reason, the part is split into several ones, so that each one |
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916 can be encoded with a single @acronym{MIME} charset. The part can only be |
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917 split at line boundaries, though---if more than one @acronym{MIME} charset is |
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918 required to encode a single line, it is not possible to encode the part. |
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919 |
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920 When running Emacs with @sc{mule} support, the preferences for which |
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921 coding system to use is inherited from Emacs itself. This means that |
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922 if Emacs is set up to prefer UTF-8, it will be used when encoding |
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923 messages. You can modify this by altering the |
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924 @code{mm-coding-system-priorities} variable though (@pxref{Encoding |
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925 Customization}). |
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926 |
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927 The charset to be used can be overridden by setting the @code{charset} |
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928 @acronym{MML} tag (@pxref{MML Definition}) when composing the message. |
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929 |
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930 The encoding of characters (quoted-printable, 8bit etc) is orthogonal |
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931 to the discussion here, and is controlled by the variables |
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932 @code{mm-body-charset-encoding-alist} and |
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933 @code{mm-content-transfer-encoding-defaults} (@pxref{Encoding |
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934 Customization}). |
31853 | 935 |
936 @node Conversion | |
937 @section Conversion | |
938 | |
939 @findex mime-to-mml | |
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940 A (multipart) @acronym{MIME} message can be converted to @acronym{MML} |
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941 with the @code{mime-to-mml} function. It works on the message in the |
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942 current buffer, and substitutes @acronym{MML} markup for @acronym{MIME} |
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943 boundaries. Non-textual parts do not have their contents in the buffer, |
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944 but instead have the contents in separate buffers that are referred to |
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945 from the @acronym{MML} tags. |
31853 | 946 |
947 @findex mml-to-mime | |
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948 An @acronym{MML} message can be converted back to @acronym{MIME} by the |
31853 | 949 @code{mml-to-mime} function. |
950 | |
951 These functions are in certain senses ``lossy''---you will not get back | |
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952 an identical message if you run @code{mime-to-mml} and then |
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953 @code{mml-to-mime}. Not only will trivial things like the order of the |
31853 | 954 headers differ, but the contents of the headers may also be different. |
955 For instance, the original message may use base64 encoding on text, | |
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956 while @code{mml-to-mime} may decide to use quoted-printable encoding, and |
31853 | 957 so on. |
958 | |
959 In essence, however, these two functions should be the inverse of each | |
960 other. The resulting contents of the message should remain equivalent, | |
961 if not identical. | |
962 | |
963 | |
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964 @node Flowed text |
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965 @section Flowed text |
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966 @cindex format=flowed |
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967 |
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968 The Emacs @acronym{MIME} library will respect the @code{use-hard-newlines} |
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969 variable (@pxref{Hard and Soft Newlines, ,Hard and Soft Newlines, |
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970 emacs, Emacs Manual}) when encoding a message, and the |
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971 ``format=flowed'' Content-Type parameter when decoding a message. |
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972 |
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973 On encoding text, regardless of @code{use-hard-newlines}, lines |
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974 terminated by soft newline characters are filled together and wrapped |
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975 after the column decided by @code{fill-flowed-encode-column}. |
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976 Quotation marks (matching @samp{^>* ?}) are respected. The variable |
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977 controls how the text will look in a client that does not support |
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978 flowed text, the default is to wrap after 66 characters. If hard |
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979 newline characters are not present in the buffer, no flow encoding |
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980 occurs. |
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981 |
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982 On decoding flowed text, lines with soft newline characters are filled |
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983 together and wrapped after the column decided by |
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984 @code{fill-flowed-display-column}. The default is to wrap after |
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985 @code{fill-column}. |
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986 |
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987 @table @code |
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988 @item mm-fill-flowed |
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989 @vindex mm-fill-flowed |
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990 If non-@code{nil} a format=flowed article will be displayed flowed. |
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991 @end table |
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992 |
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993 |
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994 @node Interface Functions |
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995 @chapter Interface Functions |
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996 @cindex interface functions |
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997 @cindex mail-parse |
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998 |
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999 The @code{mail-parse} library is an abstraction over the actual |
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1000 low-level libraries that are described in the next chapter. |
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1001 |
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1002 Standards change, and so programs have to change to fit in the new |
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1003 mold. For instance, RFC2045 describes a syntax for the |
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1004 @code{Content-Type} header that only allows @acronym{ASCII} characters in the |
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1005 parameter list. RFC2231 expands on RFC2045 syntax to provide a scheme |
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1006 for continuation headers and non-@acronym{ASCII} characters. |
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1007 |
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1008 The traditional way to deal with this is just to update the library |
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1009 functions to parse the new syntax. However, this is sometimes the wrong |
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1010 thing to do. In some instances it may be vital to be able to understand |
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1011 both the old syntax as well as the new syntax, and if there is only one |
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1012 library, one must choose between the old version of the library and the |
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1013 new version of the library. |
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1014 |
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1015 The Emacs @acronym{MIME} library takes a different tack. It defines a |
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1016 series of low-level libraries (@file{rfc2047.el}, @file{rfc2231.el} |
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1017 and so on) that parses strictly according to the corresponding |
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1018 standard. However, normal programs would not use the functions |
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1019 provided by these libraries directly, but instead use the functions |
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1020 provided by the @code{mail-parse} library. The functions in this |
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1021 library are just aliases to the corresponding functions in the latest |
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1022 low-level libraries. Using this scheme, programs get a consistent |
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1023 interface they can use, and library developers are free to create |
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1024 write code that handles new standards. |
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1025 |
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1026 The following functions are defined by this library: |
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1027 |
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1028 @table @code |
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1029 @item mail-header-parse-content-type |
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1030 @findex mail-header-parse-content-type |
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1031 Parse a @code{Content-Type} header and return a list on the following |
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1032 format: |
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1033 |
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1034 @lisp |
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1035 ("type/subtype" |
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1036 (attribute1 . value1) |
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1037 (attribute2 . value2) |
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1038 ...) |
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1039 @end lisp |
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1040 |
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1041 Here's an example: |
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1042 |
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1043 @example |
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1044 (mail-header-parse-content-type |
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1045 "image/gif; name=\"b980912.gif\"") |
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1046 @result{} ("image/gif" (name . "b980912.gif")) |
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1047 @end example |
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1048 |
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1049 @item mail-header-parse-content-disposition |
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1050 @findex mail-header-parse-content-disposition |
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1051 Parse a @code{Content-Disposition} header and return a list on the same |
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1052 format as the function above. |
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1053 |
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1054 @item mail-content-type-get |
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1055 @findex mail-content-type-get |
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1056 Takes two parameters---a list on the format above, and an attribute. |
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1057 Returns the value of the attribute. |
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1058 |
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1059 @example |
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1060 (mail-content-type-get |
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1061 '("image/gif" (name . "b980912.gif")) 'name) |
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1062 @result{} "b980912.gif" |
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1063 @end example |
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1064 |
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1065 @item mail-header-encode-parameter |
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1066 @findex mail-header-encode-parameter |
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1067 Takes a parameter string and returns an encoded version of the string. |
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1068 This is used for parameters in headers like @code{Content-Type} and |
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1069 @code{Content-Disposition}. |
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1070 |
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1071 @item mail-header-remove-comments |
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1072 @findex mail-header-remove-comments |
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1073 Return a comment-free version of a header. |
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1074 |
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1075 @example |
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1076 (mail-header-remove-comments |
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1077 "Gnus/5.070027 (Pterodactyl Gnus v0.27) (Finnish Landrace)") |
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1078 @result{} "Gnus/5.070027 " |
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1079 @end example |
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1080 |
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1081 @item mail-header-remove-whitespace |
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1082 @findex mail-header-remove-whitespace |
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1083 Remove linear white space from a header. Space inside quoted strings |
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1084 and comments is preserved. |
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1085 |
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1086 @example |
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1087 (mail-header-remove-whitespace |
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1088 "image/gif; name=\"Name with spaces\"") |
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1089 @result{} "image/gif;name=\"Name with spaces\"" |
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1090 @end example |
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1091 |
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1092 @item mail-header-get-comment |
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1093 @findex mail-header-get-comment |
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1094 Return the last comment in a header. |
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1095 |
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1096 @example |
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1097 (mail-header-get-comment |
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1098 "Gnus/5.070027 (Pterodactyl Gnus v0.27) (Finnish Landrace)") |
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1099 @result{} "Finnish Landrace" |
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1100 @end example |
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1101 |
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1102 @item mail-header-parse-address |
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1103 @findex mail-header-parse-address |
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1104 Parse an address and return a list containing the mailbox and the |
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1105 plaintext name. |
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1106 |
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1107 @example |
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1108 (mail-header-parse-address |
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1109 "Hrvoje Niksic <hniksic@@srce.hr>") |
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1110 @result{} ("hniksic@@srce.hr" . "Hrvoje Niksic") |
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1111 @end example |
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1112 |
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1113 @item mail-header-parse-addresses |
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1114 @findex mail-header-parse-addresses |
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1115 Parse a string with list of addresses and return a list of elements like |
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1116 the one described above. |
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1117 |
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1118 @example |
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1119 (mail-header-parse-addresses |
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1120 "Hrvoje Niksic <hniksic@@srce.hr>, Steinar Bang <sb@@metis.no>") |
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1121 @result{} (("hniksic@@srce.hr" . "Hrvoje Niksic") |
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1122 ("sb@@metis.no" . "Steinar Bang")) |
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1123 @end example |
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1124 |
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1125 @item mail-header-parse-date |
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1126 @findex mail-header-parse-date |
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1127 Parse a date string and return an Emacs time structure. |
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1128 |
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1129 @item mail-narrow-to-head |
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1130 @findex mail-narrow-to-head |
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1131 Narrow the buffer to the header section of the buffer. Point is placed |
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1132 at the beginning of the narrowed buffer. |
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1133 |
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1134 @item mail-header-narrow-to-field |
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1135 @findex mail-header-narrow-to-field |
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1136 Narrow the buffer to the header under point. Understands continuation |
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1137 headers. |
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1138 |
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1139 @item mail-header-fold-field |
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1140 @findex mail-header-fold-field |
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1141 Fold the header under point. |
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1142 |
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1143 @item mail-header-unfold-field |
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1144 @findex mail-header-unfold-field |
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1145 Unfold the header under point. |
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1146 |
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1147 @item mail-header-field-value |
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1148 @findex mail-header-field-value |
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1149 Return the value of the field under point. |
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1150 |
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1151 @item mail-encode-encoded-word-region |
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1152 @findex mail-encode-encoded-word-region |
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1153 Encode the non-@acronym{ASCII} words in the region. For instance, |
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1154 @samp{Naïve} is encoded as @samp{=?iso-8859-1?q?Na=EFve?=}. |
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1155 |
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1156 @item mail-encode-encoded-word-buffer |
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1157 @findex mail-encode-encoded-word-buffer |
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1158 Encode the non-@acronym{ASCII} words in the current buffer. This function is |
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1159 meant to be called narrowed to the headers of a message. |
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1160 |
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1161 @item mail-encode-encoded-word-string |
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1162 @findex mail-encode-encoded-word-string |
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1163 Encode the words that need encoding in a string, and return the result. |
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1164 |
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1165 @example |
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1166 (mail-encode-encoded-word-string |
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1167 "This is naïve, baby") |
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1168 @result{} "This is =?iso-8859-1?q?na=EFve,?= baby" |
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1169 @end example |
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1170 |
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1171 @item mail-decode-encoded-word-region |
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1172 @findex mail-decode-encoded-word-region |
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1173 Decode the encoded words in the region. |
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1174 |
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1175 @item mail-decode-encoded-word-string |
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1176 @findex mail-decode-encoded-word-string |
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1177 Decode the encoded words in the string and return the result. |
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1178 |
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1179 @example |
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1180 (mail-decode-encoded-word-string |
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1181 "This is =?iso-8859-1?q?na=EFve,?= baby") |
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1182 @result{} "This is naïve, baby" |
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1183 @end example |
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1184 |
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1185 @end table |
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1186 |
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1187 Currently, @code{mail-parse} is an abstraction over @code{ietf-drums}, |
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1188 @code{rfc2047}, @code{rfc2045} and @code{rfc2231}. These are documented |
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1189 in the subsequent sections. |
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1190 |
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1191 |
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1192 |
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1193 @node Basic Functions |
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1194 @chapter Basic Functions |
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1195 |
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1196 This chapter describes the basic, ground-level functions for parsing and |
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1197 handling. Covered here is parsing @code{From} lines, removing comments |
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1198 from header lines, decoding encoded words, parsing date headers and so |
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1199 on. High-level functionality is dealt with in the first chapter |
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1200 (@pxref{Decoding and Viewing}). |
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1201 |
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1202 @menu |
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1203 * rfc2045:: Encoding @code{Content-Type} headers. |
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1204 * rfc2231:: Parsing @code{Content-Type} headers. |
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1205 * ietf-drums:: Handling mail headers defined by RFC822bis. |
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1206 * rfc2047:: En/decoding encoded words in headers. |
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1207 * time-date:: Functions for parsing dates and manipulating time. |
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1208 * qp:: Quoted-Printable en/decoding. |
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1209 * base64:: Base64 en/decoding. |
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1210 * binhex:: Binhex decoding. |
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1211 * uudecode:: Uuencode decoding. |
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1212 * yenc:: Yenc decoding. |
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1213 * rfc1843:: Decoding HZ-encoded text. |
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1214 * mailcap:: How parts are displayed is specified by the @file{.mailcap} file |
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1215 @end menu |
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1216 |
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1217 |
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1218 @node rfc2045 |
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1219 @section rfc2045 |
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1220 |
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1221 RFC2045 is the ``main'' @acronym{MIME} document, and as such, one would |
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1222 imagine that there would be a lot to implement. But there isn't, since |
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1223 most of the implementation details are delegated to the subsequent |
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1224 RFCs. |
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1225 |
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1226 So @file{rfc2045.el} has only a single function: |
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1227 |
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1228 @table @code |
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1229 @item rfc2045-encode-string |
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1230 @findex rfc2045-encode-string |
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1231 Takes a parameter and a value and returns a @samp{PARAM=VALUE} string. |
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1232 @var{value} will be quoted if there are non-safe characters in it. |
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1233 @end table |
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1234 |
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1235 |
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1236 @node rfc2231 |
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1237 @section rfc2231 |
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1238 |
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1239 RFC2231 defines a syntax for the @code{Content-Type} and |
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1240 @code{Content-Disposition} headers. Its snappy name is @dfn{MIME |
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1241 Parameter Value and Encoded Word Extensions: Character Sets, Languages, |
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1242 and Continuations}. |
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1243 |
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1244 In short, these headers look something like this: |
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1245 |
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1246 @example |
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1247 Content-Type: application/x-stuff; |
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1248 title*0*=us-ascii'en'This%20is%20even%20more%20; |
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1249 title*1*=%2A%2A%2Afun%2A%2A%2A%20; |
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1250 title*2="isn't it!" |
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1251 @end example |
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1252 |
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1253 They usually aren't this bad, though. |
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1254 |
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1255 The following functions are defined by this library: |
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1256 |
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1257 @table @code |
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1258 @item rfc2231-parse-string |
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1259 @findex rfc2231-parse-string |
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1260 Parse a @code{Content-Type} header and return a list describing its |
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1261 elements. |
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1262 |
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1263 @example |
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1264 (rfc2231-parse-string |
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1265 "application/x-stuff; |
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1266 title*0*=us-ascii'en'This%20is%20even%20more%20; |
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1267 title*1*=%2A%2A%2Afun%2A%2A%2A%20; |
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1268 title*2=\"isn't it!\"") |
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1269 @result{} ("application/x-stuff" |
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1270 (title . "This is even more ***fun*** isn't it!")) |
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1271 @end example |
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1272 |
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1273 @item rfc2231-get-value |
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1274 @findex rfc2231-get-value |
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1275 Takes one of the lists on the format above and returns |
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1276 the value of the specified attribute. |
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1277 |
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1278 @item rfc2231-encode-string |
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1279 @findex rfc2231-encode-string |
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1280 Encode a parameter in headers likes @code{Content-Type} and |
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1281 @code{Content-Disposition}. |
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1282 |
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1283 @end table |
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1284 |
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1285 |
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1286 @node ietf-drums |
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1287 @section ietf-drums |
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1288 |
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1289 @dfn{drums} is an IETF working group that is working on the replacement |
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1290 for RFC822. |
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1291 |
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1292 The functions provided by this library include: |
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1293 |
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1294 @table @code |
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1295 @item ietf-drums-remove-comments |
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1296 @findex ietf-drums-remove-comments |
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1297 Remove the comments from the argument and return the results. |
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1298 |
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1299 @item ietf-drums-remove-whitespace |
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1300 @findex ietf-drums-remove-whitespace |
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1301 Remove linear white space from the string and return the results. |
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1302 Spaces inside quoted strings and comments are left untouched. |
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1303 |
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1304 @item ietf-drums-get-comment |
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1305 @findex ietf-drums-get-comment |
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1306 Return the last most comment from the string. |
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1307 |
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1308 @item ietf-drums-parse-address |
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1309 @findex ietf-drums-parse-address |
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1310 Parse an address string and return a list that contains the mailbox and |
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1311 the plain text name. |
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1312 |
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1313 @item ietf-drums-parse-addresses |
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1314 @findex ietf-drums-parse-addresses |
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1315 Parse a string that contains any number of comma-separated addresses and |
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1316 return a list that contains mailbox/plain text pairs. |
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1317 |
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1318 @item ietf-drums-parse-date |
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1319 @findex ietf-drums-parse-date |
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1320 Parse a date string and return an Emacs time structure. |
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1321 |
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1322 @item ietf-drums-narrow-to-header |
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1323 @findex ietf-drums-narrow-to-header |
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1324 Narrow the buffer to the header section of the current buffer. |
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1325 |
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1326 @end table |
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1327 |
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1328 |
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1329 @node rfc2047 |
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1330 @section rfc2047 |
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1331 |
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1332 RFC2047 (Message Header Extensions for Non-@acronym{ASCII} Text) specifies how |
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1333 non-@acronym{ASCII} text in headers are to be encoded. This is actually rather |
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1334 complicated, so a number of variables are necessary to tweak what this |
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1335 library does. |
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1336 |
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1337 The following variables are tweakable: |
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1338 |
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1339 @table @code |
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1340 @item rfc2047-header-encoding-alist |
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1341 @vindex rfc2047-header-encoding-alist |
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1342 This is an alist of header / encoding-type pairs. Its main purpose is |
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1343 to prevent encoding of certain headers. |
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1344 |
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1345 The keys can either be header regexps, or @code{t}. |
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1346 |
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1347 The values can be @code{nil}, in which case the header(s) in question |
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1348 won't be encoded, @code{mime}, which means that they will be encoded, or |
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1349 @code{address-mime}, which means the header(s) will be encoded carefully |
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1350 assuming they contain addresses. |
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1351 |
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1352 @item rfc2047-charset-encoding-alist |
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1353 @vindex rfc2047-charset-encoding-alist |
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1354 RFC2047 specifies two forms of encoding---@code{Q} (a |
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1355 Quoted-Printable-like encoding) and @code{B} (base64). This alist |
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1356 specifies which charset should use which encoding. |
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1357 |
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1358 @item rfc2047-encode-function-alist |
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1359 @vindex rfc2047-encode-function-alist |
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1360 This is an alist of encoding / function pairs. The encodings are |
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1361 @code{Q}, @code{B} and @code{nil}. |
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1362 |
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1363 @item rfc2047-encoded-word-regexp |
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1364 @vindex rfc2047-encoded-word-regexp |
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1365 When decoding words, this library looks for matches to this regexp. |
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1366 |
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1367 @item rfc2047-encode-encoded-words |
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1368 @vindex rfc2047-encode-encoded-words |
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1369 The boolean variable specifies whether encoded words |
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1370 (e.g. @samp{=?hello?=}) should be encoded again. |
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1371 |
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1372 @end table |
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1373 |
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1374 Those were the variables, and these are this functions: |
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1375 |
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1376 @table @code |
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1377 @item rfc2047-narrow-to-field |
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1378 @findex rfc2047-narrow-to-field |
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1379 Narrow the buffer to the header on the current line. |
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1380 |
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1381 @item rfc2047-encode-message-header |
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1382 @findex rfc2047-encode-message-header |
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1383 Should be called narrowed to the header of a message. Encodes according |
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1384 to @code{rfc2047-header-encoding-alist}. |
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1385 |
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1386 @item rfc2047-encode-region |
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1387 @findex rfc2047-encode-region |
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1388 Encodes all encodable words in the region specified. |
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1389 |
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1390 @item rfc2047-encode-string |
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1391 @findex rfc2047-encode-string |
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1392 Encode a string and return the results. |
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1393 |
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1394 @item rfc2047-decode-region |
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1395 @findex rfc2047-decode-region |
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1396 Decode the encoded words in the region. |
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1397 |
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1398 @item rfc2047-decode-string |
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1399 @findex rfc2047-decode-string |
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1400 Decode a string and return the results. |
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1401 |
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1402 @item rfc2047-encode-parameter |
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1403 @findex rfc2047-encode-parameter |
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1404 Encode a parameter in the RFC2047-like style. This is a replacement for |
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1405 the @code{rfc2231-encode-string} function. @xref{rfc2231}. |
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1406 |
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1407 When attaching files as @acronym{MIME} parts, we should use the RFC2231 |
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1408 encoding to specify the file names containing non-@acronym{ASCII} |
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1409 characters. However, many mail softwares don't support it in practice |
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1410 and recipients won't be able to extract files with correct names. |
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1411 Instead, the RFC2047-like encoding is acceptable generally. This |
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1412 function provides the very RFC2047-like encoding, resigning to such a |
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1413 regrettable trend. To use it, put the following line in your |
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1414 @file{~/.gnus.el} file: |
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1415 |
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1416 @lisp |
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1417 (defalias 'mail-header-encode-parameter 'rfc2047-encode-parameter) |
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1418 @end lisp |
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1419 |
56927
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1420 @end table |
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1421 |
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1422 |
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1423 @node time-date |
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1424 @section time-date |
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1425 |
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1426 While not really a part of the @acronym{MIME} library, it is convenient to |
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1427 document this library here. It deals with parsing @code{Date} headers |
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1428 and manipulating time. (Not by using tesseracts, though, I'm sorry to |
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1429 say.) |
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1430 |
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1431 These functions convert between five formats: A date string, an Emacs |
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1432 time structure, a decoded time list, a second number, and a day number. |
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1433 |
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1434 Here's a bunch of time/date/second/day examples: |
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1435 |
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1436 @example |
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1437 (parse-time-string "Sat Sep 12 12:21:54 1998 +0200") |
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1438 @result{} (54 21 12 12 9 1998 6 nil 7200) |
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1439 |
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1440 (date-to-time "Sat Sep 12 12:21:54 1998 +0200") |
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1441 @result{} (13818 19266) |
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1442 |
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1443 (time-to-seconds '(13818 19266)) |
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1444 @result{} 905595714.0 |
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1445 |
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1446 (seconds-to-time 905595714.0) |
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1447 @result{} (13818 19266 0) |
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1448 |
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1449 (time-to-days '(13818 19266)) |
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1450 @result{} 729644 |
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1451 |
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1452 (days-to-time 729644) |
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1453 @result{} (961933 65536) |
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1454 |
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1455 (time-since '(13818 19266)) |
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1456 @result{} (0 430) |
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1457 |
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1458 (time-less-p '(13818 19266) '(13818 19145)) |
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1459 @result{} nil |
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1460 |
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1461 (subtract-time '(13818 19266) '(13818 19145)) |
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1462 @result{} (0 121) |
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1463 |
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1464 (days-between "Sat Sep 12 12:21:54 1998 +0200" |
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1465 "Sat Sep 07 12:21:54 1998 +0200") |
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1466 @result{} 5 |
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1467 |
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1468 (date-leap-year-p 2000) |
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1469 @result{} t |
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1470 |
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1471 (time-to-day-in-year '(13818 19266)) |
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1472 @result{} 255 |
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1473 |
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1474 (time-to-number-of-days |
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1475 (time-since |
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1476 (date-to-time "Mon, 01 Jan 2001 02:22:26 GMT"))) |
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1477 @result{} 4.146122685185185 |
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1478 @end example |
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1479 |
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1480 And finally, we have @code{safe-date-to-time}, which does the same as |
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1481 @code{date-to-time}, but returns a zero time if the date is |
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1482 syntactically malformed. |
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1483 |
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1484 The five data representations used are the following: |
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1485 |
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1486 @table @var |
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1487 @item date |
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1488 An RFC822 (or similar) date string. For instance: @code{"Sat Sep 12 |
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1489 12:21:54 1998 +0200"}. |
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1490 |
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1491 @item time |
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1492 An internal Emacs time. For instance: @code{(13818 26466)}. |
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1493 |
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1494 @item seconds |
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1495 A floating point representation of the internal Emacs time. For |
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1496 instance: @code{905595714.0}. |
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1497 |
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1498 @item days |
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1499 An integer number representing the number of days since 00000101. For |
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1500 instance: @code{729644}. |
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1501 |
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1502 @item decoded time |
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1503 A list of decoded time. For instance: @code{(54 21 12 12 9 1998 6 t |
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1504 7200)}. |
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1505 @end table |
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1506 |
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1507 All the examples above represent the same moment. |
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1508 |
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1509 These are the functions available: |
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1510 |
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1511 @table @code |
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1512 @item date-to-time |
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1513 Take a date and return a time. |
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1514 |
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1515 @item time-to-seconds |
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1516 Take a time and return seconds. |
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1517 |
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1518 @item seconds-to-time |
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1519 Take seconds and return a time. |
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1520 |
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1521 @item time-to-days |
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1522 Take a time and return days. |
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1523 |
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1524 @item days-to-time |
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1525 Take days and return a time. |
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1526 |
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1527 @item date-to-day |
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1528 Take a date and return days. |
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1529 |
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1530 @item time-to-number-of-days |
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1531 Take a time and return the number of days that represents. |
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1532 |
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1533 @item safe-date-to-time |
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1534 Take a date and return a time. If the date is not syntactically valid, |
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1535 return a ``zero'' time. |
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1536 |
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1537 @item time-less-p |
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1538 Take two times and say whether the first time is less (i. e., earlier) |
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1539 than the second time. |
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1540 |
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1541 @item time-since |
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1542 Take a time and return a time saying how long it was since that time. |
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1543 |
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1544 @item subtract-time |
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1545 Take two times and subtract the second from the first. I. e., return |
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1546 the time between the two times. |
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1547 |
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1548 @item days-between |
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1549 Take two days and return the number of days between those two days. |
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1550 |
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1551 @item date-leap-year-p |
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1552 Take a year number and say whether it's a leap year. |
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1553 |
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1554 @item time-to-day-in-year |
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1555 Take a time and return the day number within the year that the time is |
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1556 in. |
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1557 |
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1558 @end table |
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1559 |
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1560 |
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1561 @node qp |
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1562 @section qp |
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1563 |
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1564 This library deals with decoding and encoding Quoted-Printable text. |
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1565 |
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1566 Very briefly explained, qp encoding means translating all 8-bit |
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1567 characters (and lots of control characters) into things that look like |
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1568 @samp{=EF}; that is, an equal sign followed by the byte encoded as a hex |
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1569 string. |
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1570 |
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1571 The following functions are defined by the library: |
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1572 |
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1573 @table @code |
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1574 @item quoted-printable-decode-region |
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1575 @findex quoted-printable-decode-region |
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1576 QP-decode all the encoded text in the specified region. |
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1577 |
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1578 @item quoted-printable-decode-string |
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1579 @findex quoted-printable-decode-string |
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1580 Decode the QP-encoded text in a string and return the results. |
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1581 |
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1582 @item quoted-printable-encode-region |
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1583 @findex quoted-printable-encode-region |
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1584 QP-encode all the encodable characters in the specified region. The third |
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1585 optional parameter @var{fold} specifies whether to fold long lines. |
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1586 (Long here means 72.) |
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1587 |
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1588 @item quoted-printable-encode-string |
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1589 @findex quoted-printable-encode-string |
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1590 QP-encode all the encodable characters in a string and return the |
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1591 results. |
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1592 |
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1593 @end table |
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1594 |
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1595 |
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1596 @node base64 |
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1597 @section base64 |
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1598 @cindex base64 |
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1599 |
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1600 Base64 is an encoding that encodes three bytes into four characters, |
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1601 thereby increasing the size by about 33%. The alphabet used for |
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1602 encoding is very resistant to mangling during transit. |
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1603 |
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1604 The following functions are defined by this library: |
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1605 |
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1606 @table @code |
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1607 @item base64-encode-region |
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1608 @findex base64-encode-region |
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1609 base64 encode the selected region. Return the length of the encoded |
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1610 text. Optional third argument @var{no-line-break} means do not break |
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1611 long lines into shorter lines. |
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1612 |
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1613 @item base64-encode-string |
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1614 @findex base64-encode-string |
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1615 base64 encode a string and return the result. |
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1616 |
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1617 @item base64-decode-region |
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1618 @findex base64-decode-region |
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1619 base64 decode the selected region. Return the length of the decoded |
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1620 text. If the region can't be decoded, return @code{nil} and don't |
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1621 modify the buffer. |
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1622 |
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1623 @item base64-decode-string |
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1624 @findex base64-decode-string |
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1625 base64 decode a string and return the result. If the string can't be |
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1626 decoded, @code{nil} is returned. |
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1627 |
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1628 @end table |
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1629 |
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1630 |
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1631 @node binhex |
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1632 @section binhex |
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1633 @cindex binhex |
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1634 @cindex Apple |
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1635 @cindex Macintosh |
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1636 |
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1637 @code{binhex} is an encoding that originated in Macintosh environments. |
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1638 The following function is supplied to deal with these: |
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1639 |
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1640 @table @code |
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1641 @item binhex-decode-region |
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1642 @findex binhex-decode-region |
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1643 Decode the encoded text in the region. If given a third parameter, only |
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1644 decode the @code{binhex} header and return the filename. |
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1645 |
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1646 @end table |
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1647 |
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1648 @node uudecode |
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1649 @section uudecode |
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1650 @cindex uuencode |
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1651 @cindex uudecode |
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1652 |
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1653 @code{uuencode} is probably still the most popular encoding of binaries |
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1654 used on Usenet, although @code{base64} rules the mail world. |
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1655 |
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1656 The following function is supplied by this package: |
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1657 |
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1658 @table @code |
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1659 @item uudecode-decode-region |
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1660 @findex uudecode-decode-region |
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1661 Decode the text in the region. |
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1662 @end table |
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1663 |
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1664 |
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1665 @node yenc |
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1666 @section yenc |
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1667 @cindex yenc |
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1668 |
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1669 @code{yenc} is used for encoding binaries on Usenet. The following |
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1670 function is supplied by this package: |
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1671 |
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1672 @table @code |
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1673 @item yenc-decode-region |
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1674 @findex yenc-decode-region |
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1675 Decode the encoded text in the region. |
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1676 |
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1677 @end table |
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1678 |
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1679 |
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1680 @node rfc1843 |
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1681 @section rfc1843 |
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1682 @cindex rfc1843 |
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1683 @cindex HZ |
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1684 @cindex Chinese |
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1685 |
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1686 RFC1843 deals with mixing Chinese and @acronym{ASCII} characters in messages. In |
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1687 essence, RFC1843 switches between @acronym{ASCII} and Chinese by doing this: |
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1688 |
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1689 @example |
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1690 This sentence is in @acronym{ASCII}. |
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1691 The next sentence is in GB.~@{<:Ky2;S@{#,NpJ)l6HK!#~@}Bye. |
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1692 @end example |
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1693 |
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1694 Simple enough, and widely used in China. |
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1695 |
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1696 The following functions are available to handle this encoding: |
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1697 |
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1698 @table @code |
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1699 @item rfc1843-decode-region |
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1700 Decode HZ-encoded text in the region. |
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1701 |
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1702 @item rfc1843-decode-string |
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1703 Decode a HZ-encoded string and return the result. |
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1704 |
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1705 @end table |
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1706 |
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1707 |
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1708 @node mailcap |
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1709 @section mailcap |
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1710 |
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1711 The @file{~/.mailcap} file is parsed by most @acronym{MIME}-aware message |
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1712 handlers and describes how elements are supposed to be displayed. |
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1713 Here's an example file: |
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1714 |
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1715 @example |
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1716 image/*; gimp -8 %s |
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1717 audio/wav; wavplayer %s |
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1718 application/msword; catdoc %s ; copiousoutput ; nametemplate=%s.doc |
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1719 @end example |
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1720 |
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1721 This says that all image files should be displayed with @code{gimp}, |
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1722 that WAVE audio files should be played by @code{wavplayer}, and that |
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1723 MS-WORD files should be inlined by @code{catdoc}. |
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1724 |
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1725 The @code{mailcap} library parses this file, and provides functions for |
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1726 matching types. |
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1727 |
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1728 @table @code |
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1729 @item mailcap-mime-data |
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1730 @vindex mailcap-mime-data |
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1731 This variable is an alist of alists containing backup viewing rules. |
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1732 |
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1733 @end table |
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1734 |
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1735 Interface functions: |
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1736 |
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1737 @table @code |
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1738 @item mailcap-parse-mailcaps |
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1739 @findex mailcap-parse-mailcaps |
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1740 Parse the @file{~/.mailcap} file. |
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1741 |
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1742 @item mailcap-mime-info |
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1743 Takes a @acronym{MIME} type as its argument and returns the matching viewer. |
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1744 |
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1745 @end table |
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1746 |
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1747 |
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1748 |
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1749 |
31853 | 1750 @node Standards |
1751 @chapter Standards | |
1752 | |
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1753 The Emacs @acronym{MIME} library implements handling of various elements |
31853 | 1754 according to a (somewhat) large number of RFCs, drafts and standards |
1755 documents. This chapter lists the relevant ones. They can all be | |
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1756 fetched from @uref{http://quimby.gnus.org/notes/}. |
31853 | 1757 |
1758 @table @dfn | |
1759 @item RFC822 | |
1760 @itemx STD11 | |
1761 Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet Text Messages. | |
1762 | |
1763 @item RFC1036 | |
1764 Standard for Interchange of USENET Messages | |
1765 | |
1766 @item RFC2045 | |
1767 Format of Internet Message Bodies | |
1768 | |
1769 @item RFC2046 | |
1770 Media Types | |
1771 | |
1772 @item RFC2047 | |
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1773 Message Header Extensions for Non-@acronym{ASCII} Text |
31853 | 1774 |
1775 @item RFC2048 | |
1776 Registration Procedures | |
1777 | |
1778 @item RFC2049 | |
1779 Conformance Criteria and Examples | |
1780 | |
1781 @item RFC2231 | |
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1782 @acronym{MIME} Parameter Value and Encoded Word Extensions: Character Sets, |
31853 | 1783 Languages, and Continuations |
1784 | |
1785 @item RFC1843 | |
1786 HZ - A Data Format for Exchanging Files of Arbitrarily Mixed Chinese and | |
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1787 @acronym{ASCII} characters |
31853 | 1788 |
1789 @item draft-ietf-drums-msg-fmt-05.txt | |
1790 Draft for the successor of RFC822 | |
1791 | |
1792 @item RFC2112 | |
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1793 The @acronym{MIME} Multipart/Related Content-type |
31853 | 1794 |
1795 @item RFC1892 | |
1796 The Multipart/Report Content Type for the Reporting of Mail System | |
1797 Administrative Messages | |
1798 | |
1799 @item RFC2183 | |
1800 Communicating Presentation Information in Internet Messages: The | |
1801 Content-Disposition Header Field | |
1802 | |
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1803 @item RFC2646 |
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1804 Documentation of the text/plain format parameter for flowed text. |
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1805 |
31853 | 1806 @end table |
1807 | |
1808 | |
1809 @node Index | |
1810 @chapter Index | |
1811 @printindex cp | |
1812 | |
1813 @summarycontents | |
1814 @contents | |
1815 @bye | |
1816 | |
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1817 |
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1818 @c Local Variables: |
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1819 @c mode: texinfo |
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1820 @c coding: iso-8859-1 |
31853 | 1821 @c End: |
52401 | 1822 |
1823 @ignore | |
1824 arch-tag: c7ef2fd0-a91c-4e10-aa52-c1a2b11b1a8d | |
1825 @end ignore |