annotate man/org.texi @ 59422:0918d242d41c

*** empty log message ***

\input texinfo
@c %**start of header
@setfilename ../info/org
@settitle Org Mode Manual

@set VERSION 3.03
@set DATE December 2004

@dircategory Emacs
@direntry
* Org Mode: (org).	Outline-based notes management and organizer 
@end direntry

@c Version and Contact Info
@set MAINTAINERSITE @uref{http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik/Tools/org/,maintainers webpage}
@set MAINTAINER Carsten Dominik
@set MAINTAINEREMAIL @email{dominik@@science.uva.nl}
@set MAINTAINERCONTACT @uref{mailto:dominik@@science.uva.nl,contact the maintainer}
@c %**end of header
@finalout

@c Macro definitions

@c Subheadings inside a table.  Need a difference between info and the rest.
@macro tsubheading{text}
@ifinfo
@subsubheading \text\
@end ifinfo
@ifnotinfo
@item @b{\text\}
@end ifnotinfo
@end macro

@copying
This manual is for Org-mode (version @value{VERSION}).

Copyright @copyright{} 2004 Free Software Foundation

@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU Manual,''
and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below.  A copy of the
license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation
License.''

(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify
this GNU Manual, like GNU software.  Copies published by the Free
Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.''
@end quotation
@end copying

@titlepage
@title Org Mode Manual

@subtitle Release @value{VERSION}
@author by Carsten Dominik

@c The following two commands start the copyright page.
@page
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
@insertcopying
@end titlepage

@c Output the table of contents at the beginning.
@contents

@ifnottex
@node Top, Introduction, (dir), (dir)
@top Org Mode Manual

@insertcopying
@end ifnottex

@menu
* Introduction::                Getting started
* Document Structure::          A tree works like your brain
* TODO items::                  Every tree branch can be a TODO item
* Tables::                      Pure magic for quick formatting
* Hyperlinks::                  Notes in context
* Timestamps::                  Assign date and time to items
* Timeline and Agenda::         Use time-stamped items to produce an agenda
* Exporting::                   Sharing and publishing of notes
* Miscellaneous::               All the rest which did not fit elsewhere
* Index::                       The fast road to specific information
* Key Index::                   Key bindings and where they are described

@detailmenu
 --- The Detailed Node Listing ---

Introduction

* Summary::                     Brief summary of what Org-mode does
* Installation::                How to install Org-mode

Document Structure

* Outlines::                    Org-mode is based on outline-mode
* Headlines::                   How to typeset org-tree headlines
* Visibility cycling::          Show ad hide, much simplified
* Motion::                      Jumping to other headlines
* Structure editing::           Changing sequence and level of headlines
* Sparse trees::                Matches embedded in context

TODO items

* TODO basics::                 Marking and displaying TODO entries
* Priorities::                  Some things are more important than others
* TODO extensions::             Workflow and assignments

Extended use of TODO keywords

* Workflow states::             From TODO to DONE in steps
* TODO types::                  I do this, Fred the rest
* Per file keywords::           Different files, different requirements

Tables

* Built-in table editor::       Simple tables
* table.el::                    Complex tables

Hyperlinks

* Links::                       URL-like links to the world
* Remember::                    Org-trees store quick notes

Timestamps

* Time stamps::                 Assigning a time to a tree entry
* Creating timestamps::         Commands which insert timestamps

Timeline and Agenda

* Timeline (single file)::      Time-sorted view for single file
* Agenda (multiple files)::     Your weekly planner
* Agenda commands::             Remote editing of org trees
* Calendar/Diary integration::  Integrating Anniversaries and more

Calendar/Diary integration

* Diary to agenda::             Agenda incorporates the diary
* Agenda to diary::             Diary incorporates the agenda

Exporting

* Export commands::             Commands which export and display
* HTML formatting::             Interpretation of the buffer content
* Export options::              How to influence exports
* Comment lines::               Lines which will not be exported

Miscellaneous

* Completion::                  M-TAB knows what you need
* Customization::               Adapting Org-mode to your taste
* Tips and Tricks::             An author-imposed FAQ, sort of
* Interaction::                 Other Emacs packages
* Acknowledgments::             These people provided feedback and more
* Bugs::                        Things which do not work perfectly

@end detailmenu
@end menu

@node Introduction, Document Structure, Top, Top
@chapter Introduction
@cindex introduction

@menu
* Summary::                     Brief summary of what Org-mode does
* Installation::                How to install Org-mode
@end menu

@node Summary, Installation, Introduction, Introduction
@section Summary
@cindex summary

Org-mode is a mode for keeping notes, maintaining ToDo lists, and doing
project planning with a fast and effective plain-text system.

Org-mode develops organizational tasks around NOTES files that contain
information about projects as plain text.  Org-mode is implemented on
top of outline-mode, which makes it possible to keep the content of
large files well structured.  Visibility cycling and structure editing
help to work with the tree.  Tables are easily created with a built-in
table editor.  Org-mode supports ToDo items, deadlines, time stamps,
and scheduling.  It dynamically compiles entries into an agenda.
Plain text URL-like links connect to websites, emails, usenet
messages, BBDB entries, and any files related to the projects.  For
printing and sharing of notes, an Org-mode file can be exported as a
structured ASCII file, or as HTML.

Org-mode keeps simple things simple.  Not every outline branch needs
to be an action item, not every action item needs to have priority or
scheduling information associated with it.  Org-mode can be used on
different levels and in different ways, for example

@example
@r{@bullet{} as an outline extension with visibility cycling and structure editing}
@r{@bullet{} as an ASCII system and table editor to take structured notes}
@r{@bullet{} as a simple hypertext system, with HTML export}
@r{@bullet{} as a TODO list editor}
@r{@bullet{} as a full agenda and planner with deadlines and work scheduling}
@end example

@node Installation,  , Summary, Introduction
@section Installation
@cindex installation
@cindex autoload
@cindex global keybindings
@cindex keybindings, global

The instructions below assume that you have downloaded Org-mode from
the web.  If Org-mode is part of the Emacs distribution or an XEmacs
package, you only need to add to @file{.emacs} the last three Lisp
lines below - all the rest will be taken care of automatically.

Byte-compile @file{org.el} and put it on your load path.  If you'd
like to use the Info documentation, copy the file @file{org} into the
directory containing info files and run the command @code{install-info
org}.

Then copy the following lines into @file{.emacs}.  The last two lines
define @emph{global} keys for the commands @command{org-store-link}
and @command{org-agenda} - please choose suitable keys yourself.

@c FIXME: autoloads not necessary when part of emacs
@lisp
(autoload 'org-mode "org" "Org mode" t)
(autoload 'org-diary "org" "Diary entries from Org mode")
(autoload 'org-agenda "org" "Multi-file agenda from Org mode" t)
(autoload 'org-store-link "org" "Store a link to the current location" t)
(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.org$" . org-mode))
(define-key global-map "\C-cl" 'org-store-link)
(define-key global-map "\C-ca" 'org-agenda)
@end lisp

@cindex org-mode, turning on
@noindent
This will put all files with extension @samp{.org} into Org-mode.  As
an alternative, make the first line of a file look like this:

@example
MY PROJECTS    -*- mode: org; -*-
@end example

@noindent which will select Org-mode for this buffer no matter what
the file's name is.

@node Document Structure, TODO items, Introduction, Top
@chapter Document Structure
@cindex document structure
@cindex structure of document

Org-mode is based on outline mode and provides flexible commands to
edit the structure of the document.

@menu
* Outlines::                    Org-mode is based on outline-mode
* Headlines::                   How to typeset org-tree headlines
* Visibility cycling::          Show ad hide, much simplified
* Motion::                      Jumping to other headlines
* Structure editing::           Changing sequence and level of headlines
* Sparse trees::                Matches embedded in context
@end menu

@node Outlines, Headlines, Document Structure, Document Structure
@section Outlines
@cindex outlines
@cindex outline-mode

Org-mode is implemented on top of outline-mode.  Outlines allow to
organize a document in a hierarchical structure, which (at least for
me) is the best representation of notes and thoughts.  Overview over
this structure is achieved by folding (hiding) large parts of the
document to show only the general document structure and the parts
currently being worked on.  Org-mode greatly simplifies the use of
outlines by compressing the entire show/hide functionality into a
single command @command{org-cycle}, which is bound to the @key{TAB}
key.

@node Headlines, Visibility cycling, Outlines, Document Structure
@section Headlines
@cindex headlines
@cindex outline tree

Headlines define the structure of an outline tree.  The Headlines in
Org-mode start with one or more stars, for example

@example
* Top level headline
** Second level
*** 3rd level
    some text
*** 3rd level
    more text
* Another top level headline
@end example

@node Visibility cycling, Motion, Headlines, Document Structure
@section Visibility cycling
@cindex visibility cycling
@cindex trees, visibility

Outlines make it possible to hide parts of the text in the buffer.
Org-mode uses a single command bound to the @key{TAB} key to change
the visibility in the buffer.

@cindex subtree visibility states
@cindex folded, subtree visibility state
@cindex children, subtree visibility state
@cindex subtree, subtree visibility state
@table @kbd
@kindex @key{TAB}
@item @key{TAB}
Rotate current subtree between the states
@example
,-> FOLDED -> CHILDREN -> SUBTREE --.
'-----------------------------------'
@end example
At the beginning of the buffer (or when called with @kbd{C-u}), this does
the same as the command @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} below.

@cindex global visibility states
@cindex overview, global visibility state
@cindex contents, global visibility state
@cindex show all, global visibility state
@kindex S-@key{TAB}
@item S-@key{TAB}
Rotate the entire buffer between the states
@example
,-> OVERVIEW -> CONTENTS -> SHOW ALL --.
'--------------------------------------'
@end example
Note that inside tables, @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} jumps to the previous field.

@cindex show all, command
@kindex C-c C-a
@item C-c C-a
Show all.
@end table

@node Motion, Structure editing, Visibility cycling, Document Structure
@section Motion
@cindex motion, between headlines
@cindex jumping, to headlines
The following commands jump to other headlines in the buffer.

@table @kbd
@kindex C-c C-n
@item C-c C-n
Next heading.
@kindex C-c C-p
@item C-c C-p
Previous heading.
@kindex C-c C-f
@item C-c C-f
Next heading same level.
@kindex C-c C-b
@item C-c C-b
Previous heading same level.
@kindex C-c C-u
@item C-c C-u
Backward to higher level heading.
@kindex C-c C-j
@item C-c C-j
Jump to a different place without changing the current outline
visibility.  Shows the document structure in a temporary buffer, where
you can use visibility cycling (@key{TAB}) to find your destination.
After pressing @key{RET}, the cursor moves to the selected location in
the original buffer, and the headings hierarchy above it is made
visible.
@end table

@node Structure editing, Sparse trees, Motion, Document Structure
@section Structure editing
@cindex structure editing
@cindex headline, promotion and demotion
@cindex promotion, of subtrees
@cindex demotion, of subtrees
@cindex subtree, cut and paste
@cindex pasting, subtrees
@cindex cutting, subtrees
@cindex copying, subtrees

@table @kbd
@kindex M-@key{RET}
@item M-@key{RET}
Insert new heading with same level as current
@kindex M-@key{left}
@item M-@key{left}
Promote current heading by one level
@kindex M-@key{right}
@item M-@key{right}
Demote current heading by one level
@kindex M-S-@key{left}
@item M-S-@key{left}
Promote the current subtree by one level
@kindex M-S-@key{right}
@item M-S-@key{right}
Demote the current subtree by one level
@kindex M-S-@key{up}
@item M-S-@key{up}
Move subtree up (swap with previous subtree of same level)
@kindex M-S-@key{down}
@item M-S-@key{down}
Move subtree down (swap with next subtree of same level)
@kindex C-c C-h C-w
@item C-c C-h C-w
Kill subtree, i.e. remove it from buffer but save in kill ring.
@kindex C-c C-h M-w
@item C-c C-h M-w
Copy subtree to kill ring.
@kindex C-c C-h C-y
@item C-c C-h C-y
Yank subtree from kill ring.  This does modify the level of subtree to
make sure the tree fits in nicely at the yank position.  The yank
level can also be specified with a prefix arg, or by yanking after a
headline marker like @samp{****}.
@end table

@cindex region, active
@cindex active region
@cindex transient-mark-mode
When there is an active region (transient-mark-mode), promotion and
demotion work on all headlines in the region.  To select a region of
headlines, it is best to place both point and mark at the beginning of a
line, mark at the beginning of the first headline, and point at the line
just after the last headline to change.  Note that when the cursor is
inside a table (@pxref{Tables}), the Meta-Cursor keys have different
functionality.

@node Sparse trees,  , Structure editing, Document Structure
@section Sparse trees
@cindex sparse trees
@cindex trees, sparse
@cindex folding, sparse trees
@cindex occur, command

An important feature of Org-mode is the ability to construct
@emph{sparse trees} for selected information in an outline tree.  A
sparse tree means that the entire document is folded as much as
possible, but the selected information is made visible along with the
headline structure above it.  Just try it out and you will see
immediately how it works.

Org-mode contains several commands creating such trees.  The most
basic one is @command{org-occur}:

@table @kbd
@kindex C-c /
@item C-c /
Occur.  Prompts for a regexp and shows a sparse tree with all matches.
If the match is in a headline, the headline is made visible.  If the
match is in the body of an entry, headline and body are made visible.
In order to provide minimal context, also the full hierarchy of
headlines above the match is shown, as well as the headline following
the match.
@end table

Other commands are using this feature as well.  For example @kbd{C-c
C-v} creates a sparse TODO tree (@pxref{TODO basics}).

@node TODO items, Tables, Document Structure, Top
@chapter TODO items
@cindex TODO items

Org-mode does not maintain TODO lists as a separate document.  TODO
items are an integral part of the notes file, because TODO items
usually come up while taking notes!  With Org-mode, you simply mark
any entry in a tree as being a TODO item.  In this way, the
information is not duplicated, and the entire context from which the
item emerged is always present when you check.

Of course, this technique causes TODO items to be scattered throughout
your file.  Org-mode provides methods to give you an overview over all
things you have to do.

@menu
* TODO basics::                 Marking and displaying TODO entries
* Priorities::                  Some things are more important than others
* TODO extensions::             Workflow and assignments
@end menu

@node TODO basics, Priorities, TODO items, TODO items
@section Basic TODO functionality

Any headline can become a TODO item by starting it with the word TODO,
for example

@example
*** TODO Write letter to Sam Fortune
@end example

@noindent
The most important commands to work with TODO entries are:

@table @kbd
@kindex C-c C-t
@item C-c C-t
Rotate the TODO state of the current item between
@example
,-> (unmarked) -> TODO -> DONE --.
'--------------------------------'
@end example
@kindex C-c C-v
@cindex sparse tree, for TODO
@item C-c C-v
View TODO items in a @emph{sparse tree} (@pxref{Sparse trees}).  Folds
the entire buffer, but shows all TODO items and the headings hierarchy
above them.  With prefix arg, show also the DONE entries.
@end table

@node Priorities, TODO extensions, TODO basics, TODO items
@section Priorities
@cindex priorities

If you use Org-mode extensively to organize your work, you may end up
with a number of TODO entries so large that you'd like to prioritize
them.  You can do this by placing a @emph{priority cookie} into the
headline, like this

@example
*** TODO [#A] Write letter to Sam Fortune
@end example

@noindent
With its standard setup, Org-mode supports priorities @samp{A},
@samp{B}, and @samp{C}.  @samp{A} is the highest priority.  An entry
without a cookie is treated as priority @samp{B}.  Priorities make a
difference only in the multi-file agenda (@pxref{Agenda (multiple files)}).

@table @kbd
@kindex @kbd{C-c ,}
@item @kbd{C-c ,}
Set the priority of the current item.  The command prompts for a
priority character @samp{A}, @samp{B} or @samp{C}.  When you press
@key{SPC} instead, the priority cookie is removed from the headline.
@kindex S-@key{up}
@kindex S-@key{down}
@item S-@key{up}
@itemx S-@key{down}
Increase/decrease priority of current item.  Note that these keys are
also used to modify time stamps (@pxref{Creating timestamps}).
@end table


@node TODO extensions,  , Priorities, TODO items
@section Extended use of TODO keywords
@cindex extended TODO keywords

The default implementation of TODO entries is just two states:  TODO
and DONE.  You can, however, use the TODO feature for more
complicated things by configuring the variables
@code{org-todo-keywords} and @code{org-todo-interpretation}.  Using
special setup, you can even use TODO keywords in different ways in
different org files.

@menu
* Workflow states::             From TODO to DONE in steps
* TODO types::                  I do this, Fred the rest
* Per file keywords::           Different files, different requirements
@end menu

@node Workflow states, TODO types, TODO extensions, TODO extensions
@subsection TODO keywords as workflow states
@cindex TODO workflow
@cindex workflow states as TODO keywords

You can use TODO keywords to indicate different states in the process
of working on an item, for example

@lisp
(setq org-todo-keywords '("TODO" "FEEDBACK" "VERIFY" "DONE")
      org-todo-interpretation 'sequence)
@end lisp

With this setup, the command @kbd{C-c C-t} will cycle an entry from
TODO to FEEDBACK, then to VERIFY, and finally too DONE.  You may also
use a prefix argument to quickly select a specific state.  For example
@kbd{C-3 C-c C-t} will change the state immediately to VERIFY.
If you define many keywords, you can use in-buffer completion (see
@ref{Completion}) to insert these words into the buffer.

@node TODO types, Per file keywords, Workflow states, TODO extensions
@subsection TODO keywords as types
@cindex TODO types
@cindex names as TODO keywords
@cindex types as TODO keywords

The second possibility is to use TODO keywords to indicate different
types of action items.  For example, when you work with several people
on a single project, you might want to assign action items to
persons. 

@lisp
(setq org-todo-keywords '("Fred" "Sara" "Lucy" "Mike" "DONE")
      org-todo-interpretation 'type)
@end lisp

In this case, different keywords do not indicate a sequence, but
rather different levels.  This changes the behavior of the command
@kbd{C-c C-t} slightly.  When used several times in succession, it
will still cycle through all names.  But when when you return to the
item after some time and execute @kbd{C-c C-t} again, it will switch
from each name directly to DONE.  Use prefix arguments or completion
to quickly select a specific name.

@node Per file keywords,  , TODO types, TODO extensions
@subsection Setting up TODO keywords for individual files
@cindex keyword options
@cindex per file keywords

It can be very useful to use different aspects of the TODO mechanism
in different files.  For this you need to add special lines to the
file which set the keywords and interpretation for that file only.
For example, to set one of the two examples discussed above, you
need one of the following lines, starting in column zero anywhere in
the file:

@example
#+SEQ_TODO: TODO FEEDBACK VERIFY DONE
#+TYP_TODO: Fred Sara Lucy Mike DONE
@end example

@cindex Completing option keywords
@kindex M-@key{TAB}
@noindent To make sure you are using the correct keyword, type
@samp{#+} into the buffer and then use @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} completion.

@cindex DONE, final TODO keyword
Remember that the last keyword must always mean that the
item is DONE (you may use a different word, though).  After changing
these lines, use @kbd{M-x normal-mode} to make the changes known to
Org-mode.  Also note that in each file, only one of the two aspects
of TODO keywords can be used.

If you want to use very many keywords, for example when working with a
large group of people, you may split the names over several lines:

@example
#+TYP_TODO: Fred Sara Lucy Mike
#+TYP_TODO: Luis George Jules Jessica
#+TYP_TODO: Kim Arnold Peter
#+TYP_TODO: DONE
@end example

@node Tables, Hyperlinks, TODO items, Top
@chapter Tables
@cindex tables

For taking notes, tables are an essential tool because they allow
immediate and clear structuring of data.  Org-mode has a very fast and
intuitive table editor built-in.  More complex tables can be created
with the Emacs table.el package.

@menu
* Built-in table editor::       Simple tables
* table.el::                    Complex tables
@end menu

@node Built-in table editor, table.el, Tables, Tables
@section The built-in table editor
@cindex table editor, builtin

Org-mode makes it easy to format tables in plain ASCII.  Any line with
@samp{|} as the first non-white character is considered part of a
table.  @samp{|} is also the column separator.  A table might look
like this:

@example
| Name  | Phone | Age |
|-------+-------+-----|
| Peter |  1234 |  17 |
| Anna  |  4321 |  25 |
@end example

A table is re-aligned automatically each time you press @key{TAB} or
@key{RET} inside the table.  @key{TAB} also moves to the next field
(@key{RET} to the next row) and creates new table rows at the end of the
table or before horizontal lines.  The indentation of the table is set
by the first line.  Any line starting with @samp{|-} is considered as a
horizontal separator line and will be expanded on the next re-align to
span the whole table width.  So, to create the above table, you would
only type

@example
|Name|Phone|Age
|-
@end example

@noindent and then press @key{TAB} to align the table and start filling in
fields.

@table @kbd
@tsubheading{Creation and conversion}
@kindex C-c C-c
@item C-c C-c
Recognize @file{table.el} table.  Works when the cursor is in a
table.el table

@kindex C-c C-c
@item C-c C-c
Convert region to table.  Works when the cursor is not in an existing
table, and when there is a region defined.  If every line contains at
least one TAB character, the function assumes that the material is tab
separated.  If not, lines are split at whitespace into fields.  You
can use a prefix argument to indicate how many consecutive spaces are
at least required to indicate a field separator (default: just one).

@item M-x org-table-create
Creates an empty Org-mode table.  However, it is much easier to just
start typing, like @kbd{|Name|Phone|Age @key{RET} |- @key{TAB}}

@tsubheading{Re-aligning and field motion}
@kindex C-c C-c
@item C-c C-c
Re-align the table without moving the cursor.

@kindex @key{TAB}
@item @key{TAB}
Re-align the table, move to the next field.  Creates a new row if
necessary.

@kindex S-@key{TAB}
@item S-@key{TAB}
Move to previous field.

@kindex @key{RET}
@item @key{RET}
Re-align the table and move down to next row.  Creates a new row if
necessary.  At the beginning or end of a line, @key{RET} still does
NEWLINE, so it can be used to split a table.

@kindex S-@key{RET}         
@item S-@key{RET}         
Copy from first non-empty
 field above current field.

@tsubheading{Column and row editing}
@kindex M-@key{left}
@kindex M-@key{right}
@item M-@key{left}
@itemx M-@key{right}
Move the current column left/right

@kindex M-S-@key{left}
@item M-S-@key{left}
Kill the current column.

@kindex M-S-@key{right}
@item M-S-@key{right}
Insert a new column to the left of the cursor position.

@kindex M-@key{up}
@kindex M-@key{down}
@item M-@key{up}
@itemx M-@key{down}
Move the current row up/down

@kindex M-S-@key{up}
@item M-S-@key{up}
Kill the current row or horizontal line.

@kindex M-S-@key{down}
@item M-S-@key{down}
Insert a new row above (with arg: below) the current row.

@kindex C-c -
@item C-c -
Insert a horizontal line below current row. With prefix arg, line is
created above the current line.

@tsubheading{Regions}
@kindex C-c C-h M-w
@item C-c C-h M-w
Copy an rectangular region from a table to a special clipboard.  Point
and mark determine edge fields of the rectangle.  The process ignores
horizontal separator lines.
@kindex C-c C-h C-w
@item C-c C-h C-w
Copy an rectangular region from a table to a special clipboard, and
blank all fields in the rectangle.
@kindex C-c C-h C-y
@item C-c C-h C-y
Paste a rectangluar region into a table.
The upper right corner ends up in the current field.  All involved fields
will be overwritten.  If the rectangle does not fit into the present table,
the table is enlarged as needed.  The process ignores horizontal separator
lines.
@kindex C-c C-q
@item C-c C-q
Wrap several fields in a column like a paragraph.  If there is an active
region, and both point and mark are in the same column, the text in the
column is wrapped to minimum width for the given number of lines.  A
prefix ARG may be used to change the number of desired lines.  If there
is no region, the current field is split at the cursor position and the
text fragment to the right of the cursor is prepended to the field one
line down. If there is no region, but you specify a prefix ARG, the
current field gets blank, and the content is appended to the field
above.

@tsubheading{Calculations}
@kindex C-c ?
@item C-c ?
Which table column is the cursor in?  Displays number >0 in echo
area. 

@cindex region, active
@cindex active region
@cindex transient-mark-mode
@kindex C-c +
@item C-c +
Sum the numbers in the current column, or in the rectangle defined by
the active region.  The result is displayed in the echo area and can
be inserted with @kbd{C-y}.

@cindex formula, in tables
@cindex calculations, in tables
@kindex C-c =
@item C-c =
Replace current field with the result of a formula.  Requires the
Emacs calc package.  The formula can access the current field with
@samp{$}, and the other fields in the current row
with @samp{$1}, @samp{$2},...  For details see the documentation of the
command @command{org-table-eval-formula}.

@tsubheading{Miscellaneous}
@kindex C-c |
@item C-c |
Toggle the visibility of vertical lines in tables.  The lines are
still there, only made invisible with a text property.  Any @samp{|}
added by hand will become invisible on the next align.
Typographically it is good style to have no vertical lines in tables.

@item M-x org-table-import
Import a file as a table.  The table should be TAB- or whitespace
separated.  Useful for example to import an Excel table or data from a
database, because these programs generally can write TAB-separated text
files.  This command works by inserting the file into the buffer and
then converting the region to a table.  Any prefix argument is passed on
to the converter, which uses it to determine the separator.

@item M-x org-table-export
Export the table as a TAB-separated file.  Useful for data exchange with
for example Excel or database programs.

@end table

If you don't like the automatic table editor because it gets into your
way in lines which you would like to start with @samp{|}, you can turn
it off with
@lisp
(setq org-enable-table-editor nil)
@end lisp
@noindent The only table command which then still works is
@kbd{C-c C-c} to do a manual re-align.

@node table.el,  , Built-in table editor, Tables
@section The @file{table.el} package
@kindex C-c C-c
@cindex table editor, table.el
@cindex @file{table.el}

More complex ASCII tables (with automatic line wrapping, column- and
row-spanning, and alignment) can be created using the Emacs table
package by Takaaki Ota (@uref{http://sourceforge.net/projects/table}).
When @key{TAB} or @kbd{C-c C-c} is pressed in such a table, Org-mode
will call @command{table-recognize-table} and move the cursor into the
table.  Inside a table, the keymap of Org-mode is inactive.  In order
to execute org-related commands, leave the table.

@table @kbd
@kindex C-c #
@item C-c #
Insert a table.el table.  If there is already a table at point, this
command converts it between the table.el format and the Org-mode
format.  See the documentation string of the command
@code{org-convert-table} for the restrictions under which this is
possible.
@end table

@node Hyperlinks, Timestamps, Tables, Top
@chapter Hyperlinks
@cindex hyperlinks

Just like HMTL, Org-mode provides links to other files, usenet
articles, emails and much more.

@menu
* Links::                       URL-like links to the world
* Remember::                    Org-trees store quick notes
@end menu

@node Links, Remember, Hyperlinks, Hyperlinks
@section Links
@cindex links
@cindex GNUS links
@cindex BBDB links
@cindex VM links
@cindex RMAIL links
@cindex WANDERLUST links
@cindex USENET links
@cindex SHELL links

Org-mode supports links to files, websites, usenet and email messages;
and BBDB database entries.  Links are just plain-text URL-like locators.
The following list shows examples for each link type.

@example
http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik         @r{on the web}
file:/home/dominik/images/jupiter.jpg    @r{file, absolute path}
file:papers/last.pdf                     @r{file, relative path}
file:~/code/main.c:255                   @r{file, with line number}
news:comp.emacs                          @r{Usenet link}
mailto:adent@@galaxy.net                  @r{Mail link}
vm:folder                                @r{VM folder link}
vm:folder#id                             @r{VM message link}
vm://myself@@some.where.org/folder#id     @r{VM on remote machine}
wl:folder                                @r{WANDERLUST folder link}
wl:folder#id                             @r{WANDERLUST message link}
rmail:folder                             @r{RMAIL folder link}
rmail:folder#id                          @r{RMAIL message link}
gnus:group                               @r{GNUS group link}
gnus:group#id                            @r{GNUS article link}
bbdb:Richard Stallman                    @r{BBDB link}
shell:ls *.org                           @r{A shell command}
@end example

A link may contain space characters and is terminated by the end of
the line.  Therefore, there can be only one link per line (but see the
variable @code{org-allow-space-in-links}).

@cindex storing links
@table @kbd
@kindex C-c l
@item C-c l
Store a link to the current location.  This is a @emph{global} command
which can be used in any buffer to create a link.  The link will be
stored for later insertion into an Org-mode buffer (see below).  For VM,
RMAIL, WANDERLUST, GNUS and BBDB buffers, the link will point to the
current article/entry.  For W3 and W3M buffer, the link goes to the
current URL.  For any other files, the link will just point to the file.
The key binding @kbd{C-c l} is only a suggestion - see
@ref{Installation}.

@kindex C-c C-l
@item C-c C-l
Insert a link.  This prompts for a link to be inserted into the
buffer.  You can just type a link, using one of the link type prefixes
mentioned in the examples above.  Through completion, all links stored
during the current session can be accessed.  When called with prefix
arg, you can use file name completion to enter a file link.  Note that
you don't have to use this command to insert a link.  Links in
Org-mode are plain text, and you can type or paste them straight into
the buffer.

@cindex inserting links
@kindex C-c C-o
@item C-c C-o
Open link at point.  This will launch a web browser for URLs (using
@command{browse-url-at-point}), run vm/gnus/bbdb for the corresponding
links, execute the command in a shell link, visit text files with
Emacs and select a suitable application for non-text files.
Classification of files is based on file extension only.  See option
@code{org-file-apps}.  If there is no link at point, the current
subtree will be searched for one.  If you want to override the default
application and visit the file with Emacs, use a @kbd{C-u} prefix.
If the cursor is on a time stamp, compiles the agenda for that date.

@strong{IMPORTANT}: Be careful not to use any dangerous commands in a
shell link.

@kindex mouse-2
@item mouse-2
On links, @kbd{mouse-2} will open the link just like @kbd{C-c C-o} would.

@kindex mouse-3
@item mouse-3
Like @kbd{mouse-2}, but force file links to be opened with Emacs.
@end table

@node Remember,  , Links, Hyperlinks
@section Remember
@cindex @file{remember.el}

Another way to create org entries with links to other files is through
the @emph{Remember} package by John Wiegley.  @emph{Remember} lets you
store quick notes with little interruption of your work flow.  See
@uref{http://www.emacswiki.org/cgi-bin/wiki/RememberMode} for more
information.  The notes produced by @emph{Remember} can be stored in
different ways, and Org-mode files are a good target.
Org-mode allows to file away notes either to a default file, or
directly to the correct location in your Org-mode outline tree.  The
following customization will tell @emph{Remember} to use org files as
target, and to create annotations compatible with Org-mode links.


@c FIXME: The autoload will not be necessary when Org-mode is part of Emacs
@example
(autoload 'org-remember-annotation "org")
(autoload 'org-remember-handler "org")
(setq org-directory "~/path/to/my/orgfiles/")
(setq org-default-notes-file "~/.notes")
(setq remember-annotation-functions '(org-remember-annotation))
(setq remember-handler-functions '(org-remember-handler))
@end example

When you compose a note with remember, you have to press @kbd{C-c C-c}
to exit remember-mode and to file away the note.  The handler first
prompts for a target file - if you press @key{RET}, the value of
@code{org-default-notes-file} is used.  Then the command offers the
headings tree of the selected file.  You can either immediately press
@key{RET} to get the note appended to the file.  Or you can use
vertical cursor motion (@key{up} and @key{down}) and visibility
cycling (@key{TAB}) to find a better place.  Pressing @key{RET} or
@key{left} or @key{right} leads to the following result.

@multitable @columnfractions 0.2 0.1 0.7
@item @b{Cursor position} @tab @b{Key} @tab @b{Note gets inserted}
@item buffer-start @tab @key{RET} @tab as level 2 heading at end of file
@item on headline @tab @key{RET} @tab as sublevel of the heading at cursor
@item             @tab @key{left}  @tab as same level, before current heading
@item             @tab @key{right} @tab as same level, after current heading
@item not on headline @tab @key{RET} 
      @tab at cursor position, level taken from context.
           Or use prefix arg to specify level manually.
@end multitable

So the fastest way to store the note is to press @kbd{C-c C-c @key{RET}
@key{RET}} to append it to the default file.  But with little extra
effort, you can push it directly to the correct location.

Before inserting the text into a tree, the function ensures that the
text has a headline, i.e. a first line that starts with a @samp{*}.
If not, a headline is constructed from the current date and some
additional data.  If the variable @code{org-adapt-indentation} is
non-nil, the entire text is also indented so that it starts in the
same column as the headline (after the asterixes).

@node Timestamps, Timeline and Agenda, Hyperlinks, Top
@chapter Timestamps

Items can be labeled with timestamps to make them useful for project
planning.

@menu
* Time stamps::                 Assigning a time to a tree entry
* Creating timestamps::         Commands which insert timestamps
@end menu


@node Time stamps, Creating timestamps, Timestamps, Timestamps
@section Time stamps, deadlines and scheduling
@cindex time stamps
@cindex deadlines
@cindex scheduling

A time stamp is a specification of a date (possibly with time) in a
special format, either @samp{<2003-09-16 Tue>} or @samp{<2003-09-16
Tue 09:39>}.  A time stamp can appear anywhere in the headline or body
of an org-tree entry.  Its presence allows to show entries on specific
dates in the agenda (@pxref{Agenda (multiple files)}).  We distinguish:

@table @var
@cindex timestamp
@item TIMESTAMP
A simple time stamp just assigns a date/time to an item.  In the
timeline and agenda displays, the headline of the entry will be shown
exactly on that date.

@item TIMERANGE
@cindex timerange
Two time stamps connected by @samp{--} denote a time range.  The
headline will be shown on the first and last day of the range, and on
any dates that are displayed and fall in the range.  Here is an
example:

@example
** Meeting in Amsterdam
   <2004-08-23 Mon>--<2004-08-26 Thu>
@end example

@item DEADLINE
@cindex deadline
If a time stamp is preceded by the word @samp{DEADLINE:}, the task
(most likely a TODO item) is supposed to be finished on that date, and
it will be listed then In addition, the compilation for the
@emph{current day} will carry a warning about the approaching or
missed deadline, starting @code{org-deadline-warning-days} before the
due date, and continuing until the entry is marked DONE.  An example:

@example
*** TODO write article about the Earth for the Guide
    The editor in charge is bbdb:Ford Prefect
    DEADLINE: <2004-02-29 Sun>
@end example

@item SCHEDULED
@cindex scheduled
If a time stamp is preceded by the word @samp{SCHEDULED:}, it means
you are planning to start working on that task on the given date.  The
headline will be listed under the given date.  In addition, a reminder
that the scheduled date has passed will be present in the compilation
for the @emph{current day}, until the entry is marked DONE.  I.e., the
task will automatically be forwarded.
@end table

@node Creating timestamps,  , Time stamps, Timestamps
@section Creating timestamps
@cindex creating timestamps

For Org-mode to recognize time stamps, they need to be in the specific
format.  All commands listed below produce time stamps in the correct
format.

@table @kbd
@kindex C-c .
@item C-c .
Prompt for a date and insert a corresponding time stamp.  When the
cursor is at a previously used time stamp, it is updated to NOW.  When
this command is used twice in succession, a time range is inserted.

@kindex C-u C-c .
@item C-u C-c .
Like @kbd{C-c .}, but use the alternative format which contains date
and time.

@kindex C-c <
@item C-c <
Insert a time stamp corresponding to the cursor date in the Calendar.

@kindex C-c >
@item C-c >
Access the Emacs calendar for the current date.  If there is a
timestamp in the current line, goto the corresponding date
instead.

@kindex C-c C-o
@item C-c C-o
Access the agenda for the date given by the time stamp at point
(@pxref{Agenda (multiple files)}).

@kindex C-c C-d
@item C-c C-d
Insert @samp{DEADLINE} keyword along with a stamp.
@kindex C-c C-w
@cindex sparse tree, for deadlines
@item C-c C-w
Create a sparse tree with all deadlines that are either past-due, or
which will become due within @code{org-deadline-warning-days}.
With @kbd{C-u} prefix, show all deadlines in the file.  With a numeric
prefix, check that many days.  For example, @kbd{C-1 C-c C-w} shows
all deadlines due tomorrow.

@kindex C-c C-s
@item C-c C-s
Insert @samp{SCHEDULED} keyword along with a stamp.

@kindex S-@key{left}
@kindex S-@key{right}
@item S-@key{left}
@itemx S-@key{right}
Change date at cursor by one day.

@kindex S-@key{up}
@kindex S-@key{down}
@item S-@key{up}
@itemx S-@key{down}
Change the item under the cursor in a timestamp.  The cursor can be on
a year, month, day, hour or minute.  Note that if the cursor is not at
a time stamp, these same keys modify the priority of an item
(@pxref{Priorities}).

@kindex C-c C-y
@cindex evaluate time range
@item C-c C-y
Evaluate a time range by computing the difference between start and
end.  With prefix arg, insert result after the time range (in a table:
into the following column).
@end table

@cindex date, reading in minibuffer
@cindex time, reading in minibuffer
@cindex calendar, for selecting date
When org prompts for a date/time, the function reading your input will
replace anything you choose not to specify with the current date and
time.  For details, see the documentation string of
@command{org-read-date}.  Also, a calender will pop up to allow
selecting a date.  The calendar can be fully controlled from the
minibuffer, and a date can be selected with the following commands:

@table @kbd
@kindex <
@item <
Scroll calendar backwards by one month.
@kindex >
@item >
Scroll calendar forwards by one month.
@kindex mouse-1
@item mouse-1
Select date by clicking on it.
@kindex S-@key{right}
@item S-@key{right}
One day forward.
@kindex S-@key{left}
@item S-@key{left}
One day back.
@kindex S-@key{down}
@item S-@key{down}
One week forward.
@kindex S-@key{up}
@item S-@key{up}
One week back.
@kindex M-S-@key{right}
@item M-S-@key{right}
One month forward.
@kindex M-S-@key{left}
@item M-S-@key{left}
One month back.
@kindex @key{RET}
@item @key{RET}
Choose date in calendar (only if nothing typed into minibuffer).
@end table

@node Timeline and Agenda, Exporting, Timestamps, Top
@chapter Timeline and Agenda
@cindex agenda

We have already described three commands to filter important
information in an org file into a sparse tree (@pxref{Sparse trees}):

@cindex sparse trees
@itemize @bullet
@item
The TODO tree, (@kbd{C-c C-v}), see @ref{TODO items}.
@item
The occur tree @kbd{C-c /}, see @ref{TODO items}.
@item
Checking upcoming deadlines with @kbd{C-c C-w}, see @ref{Creating
timestamps}.
@end itemize
@noindent

Instead of using the sparse trees, Org-mode can also collect and
time-sort the important items into a separate buffer, which we call
the @emph{timeline} of the org file.  It can also collect information
from a @emph{list of files} and in this way provide an @emph{agenda}
which covers all of your current projects, action items and
appointments.

@menu
* Timeline (single file)::      Time-sorted view for single file
* Agenda (multiple files)::     Your weekly planner
* Agenda commands::             Remote editing of org trees
* Calendar/Diary integration::  Integrating Anniversaries and more
@end menu

@node Timeline (single file), Agenda (multiple files), Timeline and Agenda, Timeline and Agenda
@section Timeline for a single file
@cindex single file summary
@cindex agenda, for single file
@cindex timeline, single file
@cindex time-sorted view

The timeline shows all time-stamped items in a single Org-mode file,
in @emph{time-sorted view}.  The main purpose of this command is to
give an overview over events in a project.

@table @kbd
@kindex C-c C-r
@item C-c C-r
Show a time-sorted view of the org file, with all time-stamped items
of today or later.  When called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix, past dates
will be included as well.  When called with two @kbd{C-u C-u}
prefixes, all unfinished TODO entries (scheduled or not) are also
listed under the current date.
@end table
@noindent

The timeline is shown in a temporary buffer @file{*Org Agenda*}.  The
commands available in the Agenda buffer are listed in @ref{Agenda
commands}.

@node Agenda (multiple files), Agenda commands, Timeline (single file), Timeline and Agenda
@section Agenda from multiple files
@cindex agenda, from multiple files

An agenda can be compiled from one or more org files.  The main
purpose of this command is to act like a planner, in order to show you
what tasks are up for the current week, similar to a paper agenda.

The Org-mode files to be processed in order to generate the agenda are
listed in the variable @code{org-agenda-files}.  You can customize
this variable, but the easiest way to maintain it is through the
following commands

@cindex files, adding to agenda list
@table @kbd
@kindex C-c [
@item C-c [
Add current file to the list of agenda files
@kindex C-c ]
@item C-c ]
Remove current file from the list of agenda files.
@end table
@noindent
The Org menu contains the list of all files and can be used to quickly
visit any of them.

The global command @command{org-agenda} compiles the agenda from all
listed files.

@table @kbd
@cindex org-agenda, command
@kindex C-c a
@item C-c a
Compile an agenda for the current week from a list of org files.  The
agenda shows the entries for each day.  With a @kbd{C-u} prefix (or
when the variable @code{org-agenda-include-all-todo} is @code{t}), all
unfinished TODO items (also those without a date) are also listed at
the beginning of the buffer, before the first date.@*
The key binding @kbd{C-c a} is only a suggestion - see
@ref{Installation}.
@end table

The commands available in the Agenda buffer are listed in
@ref{Agenda commands}.

@subsection Categories

@cindex category
In the agenda buffer, each entry is preceded by a @emph{category},
which is derived from the file name.  You can also set the category of
a file through file variables, for example by making the first line of
the file look like this:

@cindex file variables
@example
Planet Finder -*- mode: org; org-category: Cheops -*-
@end example
@noindent
Or, like with TODO keywords (@pxref{Per file keywords}), you can
insert a special line anywhere in the file:

@example
#+CATEGORY: Cheops
@end example
@noindent
The display looks best if the category is no longer than 10 characters.


@subsection Sorting of agenda items
@cindex sorting, of agenda items
@cindex priorities, of agenda items
The entries for each day are sorted.  The default order is to first
collect all items containing an explicit time-of-day specification.
These entries will be shown at the beginning of the list, as a
@emph{schedule} for the day.  After that, items remain grouped in
categories, in the sequence given by @code{org-agenda-files}.  Within
each category, items are sorted by priority (@pxref{Priorities}).

A time-of-day specification looks like @samp{12:45} or @samp{3pm} and
must appear in the headline.  For example, a timestamp in a headline
that contains not only a date but also a time will trigger this
mechanism.  Specifications of a time in diary entries are recognized
as well, so the schedule will be mixed from diary entries and Org-mode
files.

The priority is a numerical quantity composed of the base priority
(2000 for priority @samp{A}, 1000 for @samp{B}, and 0 for @samp{C}),
plus additional increments for overdue scheduled or deadline items.

Sorting can be customized using the variable
@code{org-agenda-sorting-strategy}.

@node Agenda commands, Calendar/Diary integration, Agenda (multiple files), Timeline and Agenda
@section Commands in the agenda buffer

Entries in the agenda buffer are linked back to the org file.  You are
not allowed to edit the agenda buffer itself, but commands are provided
to edit the org-files ``remotely'' from the agenda buffer.  In this
way, all information is stored only once, and you don't risk that your
agenda and note files diverge.

Some commands can be executed with mouse clicks on agenda lines.  For
the other commands, the cursor needs to be in the desired line.  Most
commands are available for both timelines and the agenda.  The
exceptions are marked.

@table @kbd
@tsubheading{View/GoTo org file}
@kindex mouse-3
@kindex @key{SPC}
@item mouse-3
@itemx @key{SPC} 
Display the original location of the item in another window.

@kindex l
@item l
Display original location and recenter that window.

@kindex mouse-2
@kindex @key{TAB}
@item mouse-2
@itemx @key{TAB}
Go to the original location of the item in another window.

@kindex @key{RET}
@itemx @key{RET}
Go to the original location of the item and delete other windows.

@kindex f
@item f
Toggle follow mode.  In follow mode, as you move the cursor through
the agenda buffer, the other window always shows the corresponding
location in the org file.


@tsubheading{Change display}
@kindex o
@item o
Delete other windows.

@kindex w
@item w
Toggle between weekly and daily view.

@kindex d
@item d
Toggle the inclusion of diary entries.  See @ref{Calendar/Diary integration}.

@kindex r
@item r
Recreate the agenda buffer, for example to reflect the changes
after modification of the time stamps of items with S-@key{left} and
S-@key{right}.

@kindex @key{right}
@item @key{right}
Display the following @code{org-agenda-ndays} days.  For example, if
the display covers a week, switch to the following week.  With prefix
arg, go forward that many times @code{org-agenda-ndays} days.  Not
available in timlines.

@kindex @key{left}
@item @key{left}
Display the previous dates.  Not available in timelines.

@kindex .
@item .
Goto today.

@tsubheading{Remote editing}

@item 0-9
Digit argument.

@kindex t
@item t
Change the TODO state of the item, both in the agenda and in the
original org file.

@kindex p
@item p
Set the priority for the current item.  Org-mode prompts for the
priority character. If you reply with @key{SPC}, the priority cookie
is removed from the entry.

@kindex P
@item p
Display weighted priority of current item.

@kindex +
@item +
Increase the priority of the current item.  The priority is changed in
the original buffer, but the agenda is not resorted.  Use the @kbd{r}
key for this.

@kindex -
@item -
Decrease the priority of the current item.

@kindex S-@key{right}
@item S-@key{right}
Change the time stamp associated with the current line by one day into
the future.  With prefix argument, change it by that many days.  For
example, @kbd{3 6 5 S-@key{right}} will change it by a year.  The
stamp is changed in the original org file, but the change is not
directly reflected in the agenda buffer.  Use the 
@kbd{r} key to update the buffer.

@kindex S-@key{left}
@item S-@key{left}
Change the time stamp associated with the current line by one day
into the past.

@kindex >
@item >
Change the time stamp associated with the current line to today.
The key @kbd{>} has been chosen, because it is the same as @kbd{S-.}
on my keyboard.

@cindex diary entries, creating from agenda
@kindex i
@item i
Insert a new entry into the diary.  Prompts for the type of entry
(day, weekly, monthly, yearly, anniversary, cyclic) and creates a new
entry in the diary, just like @kbd{i d} etc. would do in the calendar.
The date is taken from the cursor position.

@tsubheading{Quit and Exit}
@kindex q
@item q
Quit Agenda, remove the agenda buffer.

@kindex x
@cindex agenda files, removing buffers
@item x
Exit agenda, remove the agenda buffer and all buffers loaded by Emacs
for the compilation of the agenda.  Buffers created by the user to
visit org files will not be removed.

@end table

@node Calendar/Diary integration,  , Agenda commands, Timeline and Agenda
@section Calendar/Diary integration
@cindex calendar integration
@cindex diary integration

Emacs contains the calendar and diary by Edward M. Reingold.  The
calendar displays a three-month calendar with holidays from different
countries and cultures.  The diary allows to keep track of
anniversaries, lunar phases, sunrise/set, recurrent appointments
(weekly, monthly) and more.  In this way, it is quite complementary to
Org-mode.  It can be very useful to combine output from Org-mode with
the diary.

The interaction between Org-mode and diary works both ways: You can
list entries from the diary in the Org-mode agenda, or you can display
entries from the org agenda in the Emacs diary.

@menu
* Diary to agenda::             Agenda incorporates the diary
* Agenda to diary::             Diary incorporates the agenda
@end menu

@node Diary to agenda, Agenda to diary, Calendar/Diary integration, Calendar/Diary integration
@subsection Including the diary into the agenda
@cindex diary to agenda

In order to include entries from the Emacs diary into Org-mode's
agenda, you only need to customize the variable

@lisp
(setq org-agenda-include-diary t)
@end lisp
@noindent

@noindent After that, everything will happen automatically.

@node Agenda to diary,  , Diary to agenda, Calendar/Diary integration
@subsection Including the agenda into the diary

If you prefer to use the Emacs diary as your main instrument and if
you wish to include the Org-mode agenda into it, the following steps
are necessary: Autoload the function @command{org-diary} as shown
above under @ref{Installation}.  You also need to use @emph{fancy
diary display} by setting in @file{.emacs}:

@lisp
(add-hook 'diary-display-hook 'fancy-diary-display)
@end lisp

Then include the following line into your @file{~/diary} file, in
order to get the entries from all files listed in the variable
@code{org-agenda-files}:

@example
&%%(org-diary)
@end example
@noindent
You may also select specific files with

@example
&%%(org-diary) ~/path/to/some/org-file.org
&%%(org-diary) ~/path/to/another/org-file.org
@end example

If you now launch the calendar and press @kbd{d} to display a diary,
the headlines of entries containing a timestamp, date range, schedule,
or deadline referring to the selected date will be listed.  Just like
in Org-mode's agenda view, the diary for @emph{today} contains
additional entries for overdue deadlines and scheduled items.  See
also the documentation of the @command{org-diary} function.

@node Exporting, Miscellaneous, Timeline and Agenda, Top
@chapter Exporting
@cindex exporting
@cindex ASCII file
@cindex HTML


@cindex headline levels, for exporting
For printing and sharing of notes, an Org-mode document can be
exported as an ASCII file, or as HTML.  In the exported version, the
first 3 outline levels will become headlines, defining a general
document structure.  Additional levels will be exported as itemize
lists.  If you want that transition to occur at a different level,
specify it with a prefix argument.  For example,

@example
@kbd{M-1 M-x org-export-as-html}
@end example
@noindent
creates only top level headlines and does the rest as items.

@menu
* Export commands::             Commands which export and display
* HTML formatting::             Interpretation of the buffer content
* Export options::              How to influence exports
* Comment lines::               Lines which will not be exported
@end menu

@node Export commands, HTML formatting, Exporting, Exporting
@section Export commands

@cindex region, active
@cindex active region
@cindex transient-mark-mode
@table @kbd
@kindex C-c C-x a    
@item C-c C-x a
Export as ASCII file.  If there is an active region, only the region
will be exported.  For an org file @file{myfile.org}, the ASCII file
will be @file{myfile.txt}.  The file will be overwritten without
warning.
@kindex C-c C-x h    
@item C-c C-x h
Export as HTML file @file{myfile.html}.
@kindex C-c C-x C-h  
@item C-c C-x C-h
Export as HTML file and open it with a browser.
@kindex C-c C-x t
@item C-c C-x t
Insert template with export options, see below.
@kindex C-c :
@item C-c :
Toggle fixed-width for line or region, see below.
@end table

@node HTML formatting, Export options, Export commands, Exporting
@section HTML formatting

Not all text is transferred literally to the exported HTML file.  The
exporter implements the following interpretation:

@itemize @bullet
@cindex underlined text
@cindex bold text
@cindex italic text
@item
You can make words @b{*bold*}, @i{/italic/}, and _underlined_

@cindex @TeX{} interpretation
@item
Simple @TeX{}-like math constructs are interpreted:

@itemize @minus
@item
@samp{10^22} and @samp{J_n} are super- and subscripts.  You can quote
@samp{^} and @samp{_} with a backslash: @samp{\_} and @samp{\^}
@item
@samp{\alpha} indicates a Greek letter, @samp{\to} an arrow.  You can
use completion for these macros, just type @samp{\} and maybe a few
letters, and press @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} to see possible completions.
@end itemize

@cindex tables, export to HTML
@item
Tables are transformed into HTML tables.

@cindex fixed width
@item
Lines starting with @samp{:} are typeset in a fixed-width font, to
allow quoting of computer code etc. 

@cindex HTML tags
@item
If you want to include HTML tags which should be interpreted as such,
mark them with a @samp{@@} like in @samp{@@<b>bold text@@</b>}.
Plain @samp{<} and @samp{>} are always transformed to @samp{&lt;} and
@samp{&gt;} in HTML export.
@end itemize

If these conversions conflict with your habits of typing ASCII text,
they can all be turned off with corresponding variables.

@node Export options, Comment lines, HTML formatting, Exporting
@section Export options
@cindex options, for export

The exporter recognizes special lines in the buffer which provide
additional information.  These lines may be put anywhere in the file.
The whole set of lines can be inserted into the buffer with @kbd{C-c
C-x t}.  For individual lines, a good way to make sure the keyword is
correct it to type @samp{#+} and then use @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} completion
(@pxref{Completion}). 

@example
#+TITLE:     the title to be shown (default is the buffer name)
#+AUTHOR:    the author (default taken from @code{user-full-name})
#+EMAIL:     his/her email address (default from @code{user-mail-address})
#+LANGUAGE:  language for HTML, e.g. @samp{en} (@code{org-export-default-language})
#+TEXT:      Some descriptive text to be inserted at the beginning.
#+TEXT:      Several lines may be given.
#+OPTIONS:   H:2  num:t  toc:t  \n:nil  @:t  ::t  |:t  ^:t  *:nil  TeX:t
@end example
@noindent
The OPTIONS line is a compact form to specify export settings.  Here
you can
@cindex headline levels
@cindex section-numbers
@cindex table of contents
@cindex linebreak-preservation
@cindex quoted html tags
@cindex fixed-width sections
@cindex tables
@cindex @TeX{}-like syntax for sub- and superscripts
@cindex emphasized text
@cindex @TeX{} macros
@example
H:      @r{set the number of headline levels for export}
num:    @r{turn on/off section-numbers}
toc:    @r{turn on/off table of contents}
\n:     @r{turn on/off linebreak-preservation}
@@:      @r{turn on/off quoted html tags}
::      @r{turn on/off fixed-width sections}
|:      @r{turn on/off tables}
^:      @r{turn on/off @TeX{}-like syntax for sub- and superscripts.}
*:      @r{turn on/off emphasized text (bold, italic, underlined)}
TeX:    @r{turn on/off @TeX{} macros}
@end example

@node Comment lines,  , Export options, Exporting
@section Comment lines
@cindex comment lines
@cindex exporting, not

Lines starting with @samp{#} in column zero are treated as comments
and will never be exported.  Also entire subtrees starting with the
word @samp{COMMENT} will never be exported.  Finally, any text before
the first headline will not be exported either.

@table @kbd
@kindex C-c ;
@item C-c ;
Toggle the COMMENT keyword at the beginning of an entry.
@end table

@node Miscellaneous, Index, Exporting, Top
@chapter Miscellaneous

@menu
* Completion::                  M-TAB knows what you need
* Customization::               Adapting Org-mode to your taste
* Tips and Tricks::             An author-imposed FAQ, sort of
* Interaction::                 Other Emacs packages
* Acknowledgments::             These people provided feedback and more
* Bugs::                        Things which do not work perfectly
@end menu

@node Completion, Customization, Miscellaneous, Miscellaneous
@section Completion
@cindex complete @TeX{} symbols
@cindex complete TODO keywords
@cindex complete dictionary words
@cindex complete option keywords

Org-mode supports in-buffer completion.  This type of completion does
not make use of the minibuffer.  You simply type a few letters into
the buffer and use the key to complete text right there.

@table @kbd
@kindex M-@key{TAB}
@item M-@key{TAB}
Complete word at point
@itemize @bullet
@item
At the beginning of a headline, complete TODO keywords.
@item
After @samp{\}, complete @TeX{} symbols supported by the exporter.
@item
After @samp{#+}, complete the special keywords like @samp{TYP_TODO} or
@samp{OPTIONS} which set file-specific options for Org-mode.  When the
option keyword is already complete, pressing @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} again
will insert example settings for this keyword.
@item
Elsewhere, complete dictionary words using ispell.
@end itemize
@end table

@node Customization, Tips and Tricks, Completion, Miscellaneous
@section Customization
@cindex customization
@cindex options, for customization
@cindex variables, for customization

There is a large number of variables which can be used to customize
Org-mode.  For the sake of compactness of the manual, we are not
describing the variables here.  For an overview of customization
variables, use @kbd{M-x org-customize}.  Or select @code{Browse Org
Group} from the @code{Org->Customization} menu.

@node Tips and Tricks, Interaction, Customization, Miscellaneous
@section Tips and Tricks

@itemize @bullet
@cindex README files
@item
I find Org-mode very useful for the many @file{README} files I have
scattered through my directories.  So I turn on @file{org-mode} for
all @file{README} files with

@example
(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("README$" . org-mode))
@end example

@ignore
@cindex files, adding automatically
@item
If you would like to add all org files you ever create to the list of
agenda files@footnote{Think twice.  Do you @emph{really} want this?},
you could do so with

@lisp
(add-hook 'org-mode-hook 'org-add-file)
@end lisp

If you would like to add only a selection, for example everything
except the @file{README} files, this could be achieved in the
following way:

@lisp
(add-hook 'org-mode-hook
          (lambda ()
             (or (string-match "README\\'" (buffer-file-name))
                 (org-add-file))))
@end lisp
@end ignore

@cindex @code{make-indirect-buffer}
@cindex indirect buffers
@item
It can be useful to have two different windows showing the same
Org-mode file.  However, a problem here is that changes to the
visibility in one window immediately affect the other window.  On
Emacs (not on XEmacs because it uses the old outline-mode) a way out
is the use of @emph{indirect buffers}, which visit the same file, but
have separate settings, also for outline visibility.  See the
documentation on the command @code{make-indirect-buffer}.

@cindex URL, paste into buffer
@item
Paste URLs into Org-mode whenever this seems useful.  For example, if
you are writing notes about a paper which is available on the web, put
the corresponding URL there and a direct look at the paper is only a
mouse click away.  If you have a local copy of the paper, use a
file:path link.

@cindex headline levels, for export
@item
If you plan to use ASCII or HTML export, make sure things you want to
be exported as item lists are level 4 at least, even if that does mean
there is a level jump.  For example

@example
* Todays top priorities
**** TODO write a letter to xyz
**** TODO Finish the paper
**** Pick up kids at the school
@end example

Alternatively, if you need a specific value for the heading/item
transition in a particular file, use the @samp{+OPTIONS} line to
configure the @samp{H} switch.

@example
+OPTIONS:   H:2; ...
@end example

@cindex exporting a subtree
@item
If you want to export a subtree, mark the subtree as region and then
export.  Marking can be done with @kbd{C-c @@ C-x C-x}, for example.

@cindex table, empty template
@item
To insert an empty table template, just type @samp{|-} and use
@key{TAB}.

@item
In a table, to add a new column at the end, just type some text
anywhere after the final @samp{|}.  Upon the next re-align, a new
column will be created.

@item
In tables, @key{TAB} creates new rows before horizontal separator lines.  If
the cursor is at @samp{Age} in the following table,

@example
| Name  | Phone | Age |
|-------+-------+-----|
|       |       |     |
@end example

the next @key{TAB} would create a second header line.  If you want
instead to go to the first empty field below the horizontal line,
press @key{down} (to get on the separator line) and then @key{TAB}.

@cindex indentation, of tables
@item
To change the indentation of a table, just change the first line and
realign with @key{TAB}.

@end itemize


@node Interaction, Acknowledgments, Tips and Tricks, Miscellaneous
@section Interaction with other packages
@cindex packages, interaction with other
@cindex @file{planner.el}
@cindex @file{remember.el}
@cindex @file{table.el}
@file{Org.el} can cooperate with the following packages:

@table @asis
@cindex @file{remember.el}
@item @file{remember.el} by John Wiegley
Org mode cooperates with remember, see @ref{Remember}.
@cindex @file{plannner.el}
@item @file{planner.el} by John Wiegley
Planner is another tool to plan work and keep track of tasks.  Planner
uses a multi-file approach with project pages and day pages.  Is based
on Emacs-Wiki.  It can be useful to display the agenda entries
resulting from org files in day-pages of the planner.  This can be
done through the diary of the calendar: Integrate org files into the
diary as described above, and then turn on the diary support of
planner.
@cindex @file{table.el}
@item @file{table.el} by Takaaki Ota
Org mode cooperates with table.el, see @ref{table.el}.
@end table

@c EmacsWiki
@c organizer-mode
@c todo-mode
@c records mode

@page  @c FIXME

@node Acknowledgments, Bugs, Interaction, Miscellaneous
@section Acknowledgments
@cindex acknowledgments

Org-mode was written by Carsten Dominik, who still maintains it at the
Org-mode homepage
@uref{http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik/Tools/org/}.  The following
people have helped the development along with ideas, suggestions and
patches. 

@itemize @bullet
@item
Matthias Rempe (Oelde) provided ideas and suggestions, a patch
introducing Windows NT/2000 support, and quality control.
@item
Kevin Rogers contributed code to access VM files on remote hosts.
@item
Juergen Vollmer contributed code generating the table of contents
in HTML output, and other export improvements.
@item
Christian Egli converted the documentation into TeXInfo format.  He
also showed me his plans for a multifile summary for Org-mode. Some of
his ideas have found their way into the agenda.
@item 
Philip Rooke created the Org-mode reference card and did some
beta-testing.
@item
Linking to VM/BBDB/GNUS was inspired by Tom Shannon's
@file{organizer-mode.el}.
@item
Scheduling TODO items was inspired by John Wiegley's @file{planner.el}.
@item
Sacha Chua, the current maintainer of Planner suggested to take some
linking code from Planner, which I did (for RMAIL and Wanderlust).
@item
Oliver Oppitz sent several useful suggestions.
@item
Carsten Wimmer suggested some changes and helped fix a bug in linking
to GNUS.
@end itemize

@node Bugs,  , Acknowledgments, Miscellaneous
@section Bugs
@cindex bugs

Here is a list of things which should work differently, but which I
have found too hard to fix.

@itemize @bullet
@item 
When the application called by @kbd{C-c C-o} to open a file link fails
(for example because the application does not exits or refuses to open
the file), it does so silently.  No error message is displayed.
@item 
Under XEmacs, if Org-mode entries are included into the diary, it is
not possible to jump back from the diary to the org file.  Apparently,
the text properties are lost when the fancy-diary-display is used.
However, from Org-mode's agenda (created with @kbd{C-c C-r} or
@kbd{M-x org-agenda}), things do work correctly.
@item 
Linux should also have a default viewer application, using mailcap.
Maybe we can use GNUS or VM mime code?  Or dired's guessing commands?
Any hints (or even patches) are appreciated.
@item 
When you write @samp{x = a /b/ c}, b will be exported in italics.
@item 
The exporters work well, but could be made more efficient.
@end itemize

@node Index, Key Index, Miscellaneous, Top
@chapter Index

@printindex cp

@node Key Index,  , Index, Top
@chapter Key Index

@printindex ky

@bye


@ignore
   arch-tag: 7893d1fe-cc57-4d13-b5e5-f494a1bcc7ac
@end ignore