Mercurial > emacs
annotate etc/emacs.1 @ 80926:09cf7476abec
(dabbrev-upcase-means-case-search): Doc fix.
author | Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com> |
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date | Wed, 16 May 2007 13:13:20 +0000 |
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1 .\" Copyright (C) 1995, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, |
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2 .\" 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
36223 | 3 .\" |
4 .\" This file is part of GNU Emacs. | |
5 .\" | |
6 .\" GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify | |
7 .\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by | |
8 .\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) | |
9 .\" any later version. | |
10 .\" | |
11 .\" GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
12 .\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
13 .\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
14 .\" GNU General Public License for more details. | |
15 .\" | |
16 .\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | |
17 .\" along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the | |
64083 | 18 .\" Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, |
19 .\" Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. | |
36223 | 20 .\" |
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21 '\" t |
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22 .TH EMACS 1 "2007 April 13" "GNU Emacs 22.1" |
25852 | 23 .SH NAME |
24 emacs \- GNU project Emacs | |
25 .SH SYNOPSIS | |
26 .B emacs | |
27 [ | |
28 .I command-line switches | |
29 ] [ | |
30 .I files ... | |
31 ] | |
32 .br | |
33 .SH DESCRIPTION | |
34 .I GNU Emacs | |
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35 is a version of |
25852 | 36 .I Emacs, |
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37 written by the author of the original (PDP-10) |
25852 | 38 .I Emacs, |
39 Richard Stallman. | |
40 .br | |
41 The primary documentation of GNU Emacs is in the GNU Emacs Manual, | |
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42 which you can read using Info, either from Emacs or as a standalone |
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43 program. Please look there for complete and up-to-date documentation. |
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44 This man page is updated only when someone volunteers to do so; the |
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45 Emacs maintainers' priority goal is to minimize the amount of time |
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46 this man page takes away from other more useful projects. |
25852 | 47 .br |
48 The user functionality of GNU Emacs encompasses | |
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49 everything other |
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50 .I Emacs |
25852 | 51 editors do, and it is easily extensible since its |
52 editing commands are written in Lisp. | |
53 .PP | |
54 .I Emacs | |
55 has an extensive interactive help facility, | |
56 but the facility assumes that you know how to manipulate | |
57 .I Emacs | |
58 windows and buffers. | |
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59 CTRL-h or F1 enters the Help facility. Help Tutorial (CTRL-h t) |
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60 starts an interactive tutorial which can teach beginners the fundamentals |
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61 of |
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62 .I Emacs |
25852 | 63 in a few minutes. |
64 Help Apropos (CTRL-h a) helps you | |
65 find a command given its functionality, Help Character (CTRL-h c) | |
66 describes a given character's effect, and Help Function (CTRL-h f) | |
67 describes a given Lisp function specified by name. | |
68 .PP | |
69 .I Emacs's | |
70 Undo can undo several steps of modification to your buffers, so it is | |
71 easy to recover from editing mistakes. | |
72 .PP | |
73 .I GNU Emacs's | |
74 many special packages handle mail reading (RMail) and sending (Mail), | |
75 outline editing (Outline), compiling (Compile), running subshells | |
76 within | |
77 .I Emacs | |
78 windows (Shell), running a Lisp read-eval-print loop | |
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79 (Lisp-Interaction-Mode), automated psychotherapy (Doctor), and much more. |
25852 | 80 .PP |
81 There is an extensive reference manual, but | |
82 users of other Emacses | |
83 should have little trouble adapting even | |
84 without a copy. Users new to | |
85 .I Emacs | |
86 will be able | |
87 to use basic features fairly rapidly by studying the tutorial and | |
88 using the self-documentation features. | |
89 .PP | |
90 .SM Emacs Options | |
91 .PP | |
92 The following options are of general interest: | |
93 .TP 8 | |
94 .I file | |
95 Edit | |
96 .I file. | |
97 .TP | |
98 .BI \+ number | |
99 Go to the line specified by | |
100 .I number | |
101 (do not insert a space between the "+" sign and | |
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102 the number). This applies only to the next file specified. |
25852 | 103 .TP |
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104 .BI \+ line:column |
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105 Go to the specified |
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106 .I line |
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107 and |
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108 .I column |
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109 .TP |
25852 | 110 .B \-q |
111 Do not load an init file. | |
112 .TP | |
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113 .B \-no-site-file |
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114 Do not load the site-wide startup file. |
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115 .TP |
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116 .BI \-debug-init |
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117 Enable |
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118 .I Emacs |
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119 Lisp debugger during the processing of the user init file |
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120 .BI ~/.emacs. |
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121 This is useful for debugging problems in the init file. |
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122 .TP |
25852 | 123 .BI \-u " user" |
124 Load | |
125 .I user's | |
126 init file. | |
127 .TP | |
128 .BI \-t " file" | |
129 Use specified | |
130 .I file | |
131 as the terminal instead of using stdin/stdout. | |
132 This must be the first argument specified in the command line. | |
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133 .TP |
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134 .B \-version |
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135 Display |
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136 .I Emacs |
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137 version information and exit. |
25852 | 138 .PP |
139 The following options are lisp-oriented | |
140 (these options are processed in the order encountered): | |
141 .TP 8 | |
142 .BI \-f " function" | |
143 Execute the lisp function | |
144 .I function. | |
145 .TP | |
146 .BI \-l " file" | |
147 Load the lisp code in the file | |
148 .I file. | |
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149 .TP |
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150 .BI \-eval " expr" |
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151 Evaluate the Lisp expression |
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152 .I expr. |
25852 | 153 .PP |
154 The following options are useful when running | |
155 .I Emacs | |
156 as a batch editor: | |
157 .TP 8 | |
158 .BI \-batch | |
159 Edit in batch mode. The editor will send messages to stderr. This | |
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160 option must be the first in the argument list. You must use \-l and \-f |
25852 | 161 options to specify files to execute and functions to call. |
162 .TP | |
163 .B \-kill | |
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164 Exit |
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165 .I Emacs |
25852 | 166 while in batch mode. |
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167 .TP |
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168 .BI \-L " directory" |
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169 Add |
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170 .I directory |
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171 to the list of directories |
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172 .I Emacs |
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173 searches for Lisp files. |
25852 | 174 .\" START DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X |
175 .PP | |
176 .SM Using Emacs with X | |
177 .PP | |
178 .I Emacs | |
179 has been tailored to work well with the X window system. | |
180 If you run | |
181 .I Emacs | |
182 from under X windows, it will create its own X window to | |
183 display in. You will probably want to start the editor | |
184 as a background process | |
185 so that you can continue using your original window. | |
186 .PP | |
187 .I Emacs | |
188 can be started with the following X switches: | |
189 .TP 8 | |
190 .BI \-name " name" | |
191 Specifies the name which should be assigned to the initial | |
192 .I Emacs | |
193 window. This controls looking up X resources as well as the window title. | |
194 .TP 8 | |
195 .BI \-title " name" | |
196 Specifies the title for the initial X window. | |
197 .TP 8 | |
198 .B \-r | |
199 Display the | |
200 .I Emacs | |
201 window in reverse video. | |
202 .TP | |
203 .BI \-font " font, " \-fn " font" | |
204 Set the | |
205 .I Emacs | |
206 window's font to that specified by | |
207 .I font. | |
208 You will find the various | |
209 .I X | |
210 fonts in the | |
211 .I /usr/lib/X11/fonts | |
212 directory. | |
213 Note that | |
214 .I Emacs | |
215 will only accept fixed width fonts. | |
216 Under the X11 Release 4 font-naming conventions, any font with the | |
217 value "m" or "c" in the eleventh field of the font name is a fixed | |
218 width font. Furthermore, fonts whose name are of the form | |
219 .IR width x height | |
220 are generally fixed width, as is the font | |
221 .IR fixed . | |
222 See | |
223 .IR xlsfonts (1) | |
224 for more information. | |
225 | |
226 When you specify a font, be sure to put a space between the | |
227 switch and the font name. | |
228 .TP | |
30349 | 229 .BI \-bw " pixels" |
25852 | 230 Set the |
231 .I Emacs | |
232 window's border width to the number of pixels specified by | |
233 .I pixels. | |
234 Defaults to one pixel on each side of the window. | |
235 .TP | |
236 .BI \-ib " pixels" | |
237 Set the window's internal border width to the number of pixels specified | |
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238 by |
25852 | 239 .I pixels. |
240 Defaults to one pixel of padding on each side of the window. | |
241 .PP | |
242 .TP 8 | |
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243 .BI \-\-geometry " geometry" |
25852 | 244 Set the |
245 .I Emacs | |
246 window's width, height, and position as specified. The geometry | |
247 specification is in the standard X format; see | |
248 .IR X (1) | |
249 for more information. | |
250 The width and height are specified in characters; the default is 80 by | |
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251 24. See the Emacs manual, section "Options for Window Size and Position", |
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252 for information on how window sizes interact |
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253 with selecting or deselecting the tool bar and menu bar. |
25852 | 254 .PP |
255 .TP 8 | |
256 .BI \-fg " color" | |
257 On color displays, sets the color of the text. | |
258 | |
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259 Use the command |
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260 .I M-x list-colors-display |
25852 | 261 for a list of valid |
262 color names. | |
263 .TP | |
264 .BI \-bg " color" | |
265 On color displays, | |
266 sets the color of the window's background. | |
267 .TP | |
268 .BI \-bd " color" | |
269 On color displays, | |
270 sets the color of the window's border. | |
271 .TP | |
272 .BI \-cr " color" | |
273 On color displays, | |
274 sets the color of the window's text cursor. | |
275 .TP | |
276 .BI \-ms " color" | |
277 On color displays, | |
278 sets the color of the window's mouse cursor. | |
279 .TP | |
280 .BI \-d " displayname, " \-display " displayname" | |
281 Create the | |
282 .I Emacs | |
283 window on the display specified by | |
284 .IR displayname . | |
285 Must be the first option specified in the command line. | |
286 .TP | |
287 .B \-nw | |
288 Tells | |
289 .I Emacs | |
290 not to use its special interface to X. If you use this | |
291 switch when invoking | |
292 .I Emacs | |
293 from an | |
294 .IR xterm (1) | |
295 window, display is done in that window. | |
296 .PP | |
297 You can set | |
298 .I X | |
299 default values for your | |
300 .I Emacs | |
301 windows in your | |
302 .I \.Xresources | |
303 file (see | |
304 .IR xrdb (1)). | |
305 Use the following format: | |
306 .IP | |
307 emacs.keyword:value | |
308 .PP | |
309 where | |
310 .I value | |
311 specifies the default value of | |
312 .I keyword. | |
313 .I Emacs | |
314 lets you set default values for the following keywords: | |
315 .TP 8 | |
316 .B font (\fPclass\fB Font) | |
317 Sets the window's text font. | |
318 .TP | |
319 .B reverseVideo (\fPclass\fB ReverseVideo) | |
320 If | |
321 .I reverseVideo's | |
322 value is set to | |
323 .I on, | |
324 the window will be displayed in reverse video. | |
325 .TP | |
326 .B bitmapIcon (\fPclass\fB BitmapIcon) | |
327 If | |
328 .I bitmapIcon's | |
329 value is set to | |
330 .I on, | |
331 the window will iconify into the "kitchen sink." | |
332 .TP | |
333 .B borderWidth (\fPclass\fB BorderWidth) | |
334 Sets the window's border width in pixels. | |
335 .TP | |
336 .B internalBorder (\fPclass\fB BorderWidth) | |
337 Sets the window's internal border width in pixels. | |
338 .TP | |
339 .B foreground (\fPclass\fB Foreground) | |
340 For color displays, | |
341 sets the window's text color. | |
342 .TP | |
343 .B background (\fPclass\fB Background) | |
344 For color displays, | |
345 sets the window's background color. | |
346 .TP | |
347 .B borderColor (\fPclass\fB BorderColor) | |
348 For color displays, | |
349 sets the color of the window's border. | |
350 .TP | |
351 .B cursorColor (\fPclass\fB Foreground) | |
352 For color displays, | |
353 sets the color of the window's text cursor. | |
354 .TP | |
355 .B pointerColor (\fPclass\fB Foreground) | |
356 For color displays, | |
357 sets the color of the window's mouse cursor. | |
358 .TP | |
359 .B geometry (\fPclass\fB Geometry) | |
360 Sets the geometry of the | |
361 .I Emacs | |
362 window (as described above). | |
363 .TP | |
364 .B title (\fPclass\fB Title) | |
365 Sets the title of the | |
366 .I Emacs | |
367 window. | |
368 .TP | |
369 .B iconName (\fPclass\fB Title) | |
370 Sets the icon name for the | |
371 .I Emacs | |
372 window icon. | |
373 .PP | |
374 If you try to set color values while using a black and white display, | |
375 the window's characteristics will default as follows: | |
376 the foreground color will be set to black, | |
377 the background color will be set to white, | |
378 the border color will be set to grey, | |
379 and the text and mouse cursors will be set to black. | |
380 .PP | |
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381 .SM Using the Mouse |
25852 | 382 .PP |
383 The following lists the mouse button bindings for the | |
384 .I Emacs | |
385 window under X11. | |
386 | |
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387 .TS |
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388 l l. |
25852 | 389 MOUSE BUTTON FUNCTION |
390 left Set point. | |
391 middle Paste text. | |
392 right Cut text into X cut buffer. | |
393 SHIFT-middle Cut text into X cut buffer. | |
394 SHIFT-right Paste text. | |
395 CTRL-middle Cut text into X cut buffer and kill it. | |
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396 CTRL-right T{ |
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397 Select this window, then split it into |
25852 | 398 two windows. Same as typing CTRL-x 2. |
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399 T} |
25852 | 400 .\" START DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X MENUS |
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401 CTRL-SHIFT-left T{ |
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402 X buffer menu \(em hold the buttons and keys |
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403 down, wait for menu to appear, select |
25852 | 404 buffer, and release. Move mouse out of |
405 menu and release to cancel. | |
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406 T} |
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407 CTRL-SHIFT-middle X help menu \(em pop up index card menu for Emacs help. |
25852 | 408 .\" STOP DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X MENUS |
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409 CTRL-SHIFT-right T{ |
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410 Select window with mouse, and delete all |
25852 | 411 other windows. Same as typing CTRL-x 1. |
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412 T} |
25852 | 413 .\" STOP DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X |
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414 .TE |
25852 | 415 .PP |
416 .SH MANUALS | |
417 You can order printed copies of the GNU Emacs Manual from the Free | |
418 Software Foundation, which develops GNU software. See the file ORDERS | |
419 for ordering information. | |
420 .br | |
421 Your local Emacs maintainer might also have copies available. As | |
422 with all software and publications from FSF, everyone is permitted to | |
423 make and distribute copies of the Emacs manual. The TeX source to the | |
424 manual is also included in the Emacs source distribution. | |
425 .PP | |
426 .SH FILES | |
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427 /usr/local/share/info - files for the Info documentation browser. |
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428 The complete text of the Emacs reference manual is included in a |
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429 convenient tree structured form. Also includes the Emacs Lisp |
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430 Reference Manual, useful to anyone wishing to write programs in the |
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431 Emacs Lisp extension language. |
25852 | 432 |
433 /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/lisp - Lisp source files and compiled files | |
434 that define most editing commands. Some are preloaded; | |
435 others are autoloaded from this directory when used. | |
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436 |
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437 /usr/local/libexec/emacs/$VERSION/$ARCH - various programs that are |
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438 used with GNU Emacs. |
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439 |
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440 /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc - various files of information. |
25852 | 441 |
442 /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc/DOC.* - contains the documentation | |
443 strings for the Lisp primitives and preloaded Lisp functions | |
444 of GNU Emacs. They are stored here to reduce the size of | |
445 Emacs proper. | |
446 | |
447 .br | |
448 /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc/SERVICE lists people offering | |
449 various services to assist users of GNU Emacs, including education, | |
450 troubleshooting, porting and customization. | |
451 | |
452 .PP | |
453 .SH BUGS | |
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454 There is a mailing list, bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org, for reporting Emacs |
25852 | 455 bugs and fixes. But before reporting something as a bug, please try |
456 to be sure that it really is a bug, not a misunderstanding or a | |
457 deliberate feature. We ask you to read the section ``Reporting Emacs | |
458 Bugs'' near the end of the reference manual (or Info system) for hints | |
459 on how and when to report bugs. Also, include the version number of | |
460 the Emacs you are running in \fIevery\fR bug report that you send in. | |
461 | |
462 Do not expect a personal answer to a bug report. The purpose of reporting | |
463 bugs is to get them fixed for everyone in the next release, if possible. | |
464 For personal assistance, look in the SERVICE file (see above) for | |
465 a list of people who offer it. | |
466 | |
467 Please do not send anything but bug reports to this mailing list. | |
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468 For more information about Emacs mailing lists, see the |
25852 | 469 file /usr/local/emacs/etc/MAILINGLISTS. Bugs tend actually to be |
470 fixed if they can be isolated, so it is in your interest to report | |
471 them in such a way that they can be easily reproduced. | |
472 .SH UNRESTRICTIONS | |
473 .PP | |
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474 .I Emacs |
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475 is free; anyone may redistribute copies of |
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476 .I Emacs |
25852 | 477 to |
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478 anyone under the terms stated in the |
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479 .I Emacs |
25852 | 480 General Public License, |
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481 a copy of which accompanies each copy of |
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482 .I Emacs |
25852 | 483 and which also |
484 appears in the reference manual. | |
485 .PP | |
486 Copies of | |
487 .I Emacs | |
488 may sometimes be received packaged with distributions of Unix systems, | |
489 but it is never included in the scope of any license covering those | |
490 systems. Such inclusion violates the terms on which distribution | |
491 is permitted. In fact, the primary purpose of the General Public | |
492 License is to prohibit anyone from attaching any other restrictions | |
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493 to redistribution of |
25852 | 494 .I Emacs. |
495 .PP | |
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496 Richard Stallman encourages you to improve and extend |
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497 .I Emacs, |
25852 | 498 and urges that |
499 you contribute your extensions to the GNU library. Eventually GNU | |
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500 (Gnu's Not Unix) will be a complete replacement for Unix. |
25852 | 501 Everyone will be free to use, copy, study and change the GNU system. |
502 .SH SEE ALSO | |
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503 emacsclient(1), etags(1), X(1), xlsfonts(1), xterm(1), xrdb(1) |
25852 | 504 .SH AUTHORS |
505 .PP | |
506 .I Emacs | |
507 was written by Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation. | |
508 Joachim Martillo and Robert Krawitz added the X features. | |
37455 | 509 .SH COPYING |
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510 Copyright |
37455 | 511 .if t \(co |
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512 .if n (C) |
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513 1995, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, |
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514 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
37455 | 515 .PP |
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516 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this |
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517 document provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are |
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518 preserved on all copies. |
37455 | 519 .PP |
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520 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of |
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521 this document under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that |
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522 the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of |
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523 a permission notice identical to this one. |
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524 .PP |
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525 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this |
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526 document into another language, under the above conditions for |
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527 modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated |
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528 in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation. |
52401 | 529 |
530 .\" arch-tag: 04dfd376-b46e-4924-919a-cecc3b257eaa |