annotate lispref/display.texi @ 13558:0e1539fdf37c

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author Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1 @c -*-texinfo-*-
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2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual.
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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4 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions.
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5 @setfilename ../info/display
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6 @node Display, Calendar, System Interface, Top
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7 @chapter Emacs Display
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8
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9 This chapter describes a number of features related to the display
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10 that Emacs presents to the user.
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11
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12 @menu
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13 * Refresh Screen:: Clearing the screen and redrawing everything on it.
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14 * Screen Size:: How big is the Emacs screen.
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15 * Truncation:: Folding or wrapping long text lines.
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16 * The Echo Area:: Where messages are displayed.
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17 * Invisible Text:: Hiding part of the buffer text.
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18 * Selective Display:: Hiding part of the buffer text (the old way).
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19 * Overlay Arrow:: Display of an arrow to indicate position.
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20 * Temporary Displays:: Displays that go away automatically.
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21 * Overlays:: Use overlays to highlight parts of the buffer.
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22 * Faces:: A face defines a graphics appearance: font, color, etc.
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23 * Blinking:: How Emacs shows the matching open parenthesis.
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24 * Inverse Video:: Specifying how the screen looks.
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25 * Usual Display:: The usual conventions for displaying nonprinting chars.
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26 * Display Tables:: How to specify other conventions.
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27 * Beeping:: Audible signal to the user.
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28 * Window Systems:: Which window system is being used.
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29 @end menu
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30
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31 @node Refresh Screen
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32 @section Refreshing the Screen
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33
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34 The function @code{redraw-frame} redisplays the entire contents of a
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35 given frame. @xref{Frames}.
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36
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37 @c Emacs 19 feature
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38 @defun redraw-frame frame
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39 This function clears and redisplays frame @var{frame}.
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40 @end defun
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41
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42 Even more powerful is @code{redraw-display}:
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43
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44 @deffn Command redraw-display
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45 This function clears and redisplays all visible frames.
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46 @end deffn
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47
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48 Processing user input takes absolute priority over redisplay. If you
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49 call these functions when input is available, they do nothing
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50 immediately, but a full redisplay does happen eventually---after all the
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51 input has been processed.
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52
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53 Normally, suspending and resuming Emacs also refreshes the screen.
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54 Some terminal emulators record separate contents for display-oriented
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55 programs such as Emacs and for ordinary sequential display. If you are
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56 using such a terminal, you might want to inhibit the redisplay on
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57 resumption.
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58
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59 @defvar no-redraw-on-reenter
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60 @cindex suspend (cf. @code{no-redraw-on-reenter})
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61 @cindex resume (cf. @code{no-redraw-on-reenter})
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62 This variable controls whether Emacs redraws the entire screen after it
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63 has been suspended and resumed. Non-@code{nil} means yes, @code{nil}
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64 means no.
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65 @end defvar
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66
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67 @node Screen Size
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68 @section Screen Size
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69 @cindex size of screen
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70 @cindex screen size
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71 @cindex display lines
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72 @cindex display columns
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73 @cindex resize redisplay
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74
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75 The screen size functions access or specify the height or width of
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76 the terminal. When you are using multiple frames, they apply to the
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77 selected frame (@pxref{Frames}).
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78
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79 @defun screen-height
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80 This function returns the number of lines on the screen that are
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81 available for display.
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82
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83 @example
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84 @group
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85 (screen-height)
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86 @result{} 50
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87 @end group
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88 @end example
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89 @end defun
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90
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91 @defun screen-width
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92 This function returns the number of columns on the screen that are
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93 available for display.
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94
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95 @example
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96 @group
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97 (screen-width)
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98 @result{} 80
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99 @end group
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100 @end example
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101 @end defun
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102
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103 @defun set-screen-height lines &optional not-actual-size
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104 This function declares that the terminal can display @var{lines} lines.
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105 The sizes of existing windows are altered proportionally to fit.
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106
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107 If @var{not-actual-size} is non-@code{nil}, then Emacs displays
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108 @var{lines} lines of output, but does not change its value for the
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109 actual height of the screen. (Knowing the correct actual size may be
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110 necessary for correct cursor positioning.) Using a smaller height than
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111 the terminal actually implements may be useful to reproduce behavior
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112 observed on a smaller screen, or if the terminal malfunctions when using
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113 its whole screen.
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114
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115 If @var{lines} is different from what it was previously, then the
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116 entire screen is cleared and redisplayed using the new size.
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117
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118 This function returns @code{nil}.
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119 @end defun
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120
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121 @defun set-screen-width columns &optional not-actual-size
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122 This function declares that the terminal can display @var{columns}
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123 columns. The details are as in @code{set-screen-height}.
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124 @end defun
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125
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126 @node Truncation
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127 @section Truncation
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128 @cindex line wrapping
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129 @cindex continuation lines
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130 @cindex @samp{$} in display
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131 @cindex @samp{\} in display
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132
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133 When a line of text extends beyond the right edge of a window, the
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134 line can either be continued on the next screen line, or truncated to
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135 one screen line. The additional screen lines used to display a long
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136 text line are called @dfn{continuation} lines. Normally, a @samp{$} in
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137 the rightmost column of the window indicates truncation; a @samp{\} on
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138 the rightmost column indicates a line that ``wraps'' or is continued
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139 onto the next line. (The display table can specify alternative
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140 indicators; see @ref{Display Tables}.)
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141
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142 Note that continuation is different from filling; continuation happens
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143 on the screen only, not in the buffer contents, and it breaks a line
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144 precisely at the right margin, not at a word boundary. @xref{Filling}.
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145
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146 @defopt truncate-lines
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147 This buffer-local variable controls how Emacs displays lines that extend
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148 beyond the right edge of the window. The default is @code{nil}, which
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149 specifies continuation. If the value is non-@code{nil}, then these
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150 lines are truncated.
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151
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152 If the variable @code{truncate-partial-width-windows} is non-@code{nil},
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153 then truncation is always used for side-by-side windows (within one
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154 frame) regardless of the value of @code{truncate-lines}.
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155 @end defopt
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156
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157 @defopt default-truncate-lines
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158 This variable is the default value for @code{truncate-lines}, for
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159 buffers that do not have local values for it.
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160 @end defopt
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161
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162 @defopt truncate-partial-width-windows
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163 This variable controls display of lines that extend beyond the right
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164 edge of the window, in side-by-side windows (@pxref{Splitting Windows}).
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165 If it is non-@code{nil}, these lines are truncated; otherwise,
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166 @code{truncate-lines} says what to do with them.
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167 @end defopt
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168
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169 You can override the images that indicate continuation or truncation
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170 with the display table; see @ref{Display Tables}.
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171
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172 If your buffer contains @strong{very} long lines, and you use
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173 continuation to display them, just thinking about them can make Emacs
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174 redisplay slow. The column computation and indentation functions also
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175 become slow. Then you might find it advisable to set
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176 @code{cache-long-line-scans} to @code{t}.
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177
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178 @defvar cache-long-line-scans
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179 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, various indentation and motion
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180 functions, and Emacs redisplay, cache the results of scanning the
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181 buffer, and consult the cache to avoid rescanning regions of the buffer
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182 unless they are modified.
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183
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184 Turning on the cache slows down processing of short lines somewhat.
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185
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186 This variable is automatically local in every buffer.
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187 @end defvar
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188
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189 @node The Echo Area
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190 @section The Echo Area
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191 @cindex error display
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192 @cindex echo area
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193
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194 The @dfn{echo area} is used for displaying messages made with the
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195 @code{message} primitive, and for echoing keystrokes. It is not the
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196 same as the minibuffer, despite the fact that the minibuffer appears
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197 (when active) in the same place on the screen as the echo area. The
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198 @cite{GNU Emacs Manual} specifies the rules for resolving conflicts
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199 between the echo area and the minibuffer for use of that screen space
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200 (@pxref{Minibuffer,, The Minibuffer, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}).
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201 Error messages appear in the echo area; see @ref{Errors}.
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202
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203 You can write output in the echo area by using the Lisp printing
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204 functions with @code{t} as the stream (@pxref{Output Functions}), or as
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205 follows:
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206
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207 @defun message string &rest arguments
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208 This function displays a one-line message in the echo area. The
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209 argument @var{string} is similar to a C language @code{printf} control
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210 string. See @code{format} in @ref{String Conversion}, for the details
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211 on the conversion specifications. @code{message} returns the
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212 constructed string.
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213
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214 In batch mode, @code{message} prints the message text on the standard
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215 error stream, followed by a newline.
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216
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217 @c Emacs 19 feature
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218 If @var{string} is @code{nil}, @code{message} clears the echo area. If
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219 the minibuffer is active, this brings the minibuffer contents back onto
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220 the screen immediately.
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221
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222 @example
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223 @group
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224 (message "Minibuffer depth is %d."
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225 (minibuffer-depth))
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226 @print{} Minibuffer depth is 0.
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227 @result{} "Minibuffer depth is 0."
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228 @end group
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229
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230 @group
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231 ---------- Echo Area ----------
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232 Minibuffer depth is 0.
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233 ---------- Echo Area ----------
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234 @end group
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235 @end example
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236 @end defun
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237
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238 Almost all the messages displayed in the echo area are also recorded
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239 in the @samp{*Messages*} buffer.
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240
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241 @defopt message-log-max
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242 This variable specifies how many lines to keep in the @samp{*Messages*}
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243 buffer. The value @code{t} means there is no limit on how many lines to
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244 keep. The value @code{nil} disables message logging entirely. Here's
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245 how to display a message and prevent it from being logged:
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246
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247 @example
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248 (let (message-log-max)
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249 (message @dots{}))
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250 @end example
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251 @end defopt
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252
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253 @defvar echo-keystrokes
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254 This variable determines how much time should elapse before command
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255 characters echo. Its value must be an integer, which specifies the
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256 number of seconds to wait before echoing. If the user types a prefix
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257 key (such as @kbd{C-x}) and then delays this many seconds before
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258 continuing, the prefix key is echoed in the echo area. Any subsequent
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259 characters in the same command will be echoed as well.
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260
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261 If the value is zero, then command input is not echoed.
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262 @end defvar
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263
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264 @defvar cursor-in-echo-area
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265 This variable controls where the cursor appears when a message is
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266 displayed in the echo area. If it is non-@code{nil}, then the cursor
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267 appears at the end of the message. Otherwise, the cursor appears at
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268 point---not in the echo area at all.
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269
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270 The value is normally @code{nil}; Lisp programs bind it to @code{t}
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271 for brief periods of time.
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272 @end defvar
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273
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274 @node Invisible Text
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275 @section Invisible Text
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276
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277 @cindex invisible text
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278 You can make characters @dfn{invisible}, so that they do not appear on
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279 the screen, with the @code{invisible} property. This can be either a
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280 text property or a property of an overlay.
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281
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282 In the simplest case, any non-@code{nil} @code{invisible} property makes
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283 a character invisible. This is the default case---if you don't alter
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284 the default value of @code{buffer-invisibility-spec}, this is how the
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285 @code{invisibility} property works. This feature is much like selective
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286 display (@pxref{Selective Display}), but more general and cleaner.
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287
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288 More generally, you can use the variable @code{buffer-invisibility-spec}
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289 to control which values of the @code{invisible} property make text
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290 invisible. This permits you to classify the text into different subsets
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291 in advance, by giving them different @code{invisible} values, and
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292 subsequently make various subsets visible or invisible by changing the
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293 value of @code{buffer-invisibility-spec}.
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294
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295 Controlling visibility with @code{buffer-invisibility-spec} is
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296 especially useful in a program to display the list of entries in a data
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297 base. It permits the implementation of convenient filtering commands to
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298 view just a part of the entries in the data base. Setting this variable
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299 is very fast, much faster than scanning all the text in the buffer
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300 looking for properties to change.
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301
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302 @defvar buffer-invisibility-spec
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303 This variable specifies which kinds of @code{invisible} properties
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304 actually make a character invisible.
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305
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306 @table @asis
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307 @item @code{t}
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308 A character is invisible if its @code{invisible} property is
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309 non-@code{nil}. This is the default.
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310
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311 @item a list
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312 Each element of the list makes certain characters invisible.
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313 Ultimately, a character is invisible if any of the elements of this list
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314 applies to it. The list can have two kinds of elements:
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315
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316 @table @code
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317 @item @var{atom}
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318 A character is invisible if its @code{invisible} propery value
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319 is @var{atom} or if it is a list with @var{atom} as a member.
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320
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321 @item (@var{atom} . t)
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322 A character is invisible if its @code{invisible} propery value
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323 is @var{atom} or if it is a list with @var{atom} as a member.
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324 Moreover, if this character is at the end of a line and is followed
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325 by a visible newline, it displays an ellipsis.
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326 @end table
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327 @end table
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328 @end defvar
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329
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330 Ordinarily, commands that operate on text or move point do not care
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331 whether the text is invisible. However, the user-level line motion
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332 commands explicitly ignore invisible newlines.
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333
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334 @node Selective Display
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335 @section Selective Display
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336 @cindex selective display
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337
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338 @dfn{Selective display} is a pair of features that hide certain
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339 lines on the screen.
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340
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341 The first variant, explicit selective display, is designed for use in
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342 a Lisp program. The program controls which lines are hidden by altering
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343 the text. Outline mode has traditionally used this variant. It has
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344 been partially replaced by the invisible text feature (@pxref{Invisible
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345 Text}); there is a new version of Outline mode which uses that instead.
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346
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347 In the second variant, the choice of lines to hide is made
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348 automatically based on indentation. This variant is designed to be a
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349 user-level feature.
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350
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351 The way you control explicit selective display is by replacing a
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352 newline (control-j) with a carriage return (control-m). The text that
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353 was formerly a line following that newline is now invisible. Strictly
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354 speaking, it is temporarily no longer a line at all, since only newlines
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355 can separate lines; it is now part of the previous line.
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356
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357 Selective display does not directly affect editing commands. For
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358 example, @kbd{C-f} (@code{forward-char}) moves point unhesitatingly into
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359 invisible text. However, the replacement of newline characters with
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360 carriage return characters affects some editing commands. For example,
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361 @code{next-line} skips invisible lines, since it searches only for
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362 newlines. Modes that use selective display can also define commands
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363 that take account of the newlines, or that make parts of the text
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364 visible or invisible.
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365
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366 When you write a selectively displayed buffer into a file, all the
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367 control-m's are output as newlines. This means that when you next read
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368 in the file, it looks OK, with nothing invisible. The selective display
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369 effect is seen only within Emacs.
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370
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371 @defvar selective-display
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372 This buffer-local variable enables selective display. This means that
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373 lines, or portions of lines, may be made invisible.
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374
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375 @itemize @bullet
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376 @item
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377 If the value of @code{selective-display} is @code{t}, then any portion
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378 of a line that follows a control-m is not displayed.
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379
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380 @item
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381 If the value of @code{selective-display} is a positive integer, then
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382 lines that start with more than that many columns of indentation are not
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383 displayed.
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384 @end itemize
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385
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386 When some portion of a buffer is invisible, the vertical movement
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387 commands operate as if that portion did not exist, allowing a single
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388 @code{next-line} command to skip any number of invisible lines.
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389 However, character movement commands (such as @code{forward-char}) do
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390 not skip the invisible portion, and it is possible (if tricky) to insert
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391 or delete text in an invisible portion.
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392
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393 In the examples below, we show the @emph{display appearance} of the
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394 buffer @code{foo}, which changes with the value of
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395 @code{selective-display}. The @emph{contents} of the buffer do not
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396 change.
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397
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398 @example
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399 @group
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400 (setq selective-display nil)
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401 @result{} nil
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402
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403 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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404 1 on this column
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405 2on this column
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406 3n this column
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407 3n this column
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408 2on this column
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409 1 on this column
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410 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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411 @end group
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412
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413 @group
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414 (setq selective-display 2)
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415 @result{} 2
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416
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417 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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418 1 on this column
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419 2on this column
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420 2on this column
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421 1 on this column
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422 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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423 @end group
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424 @end example
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425 @end defvar
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426
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427 @defvar selective-display-ellipses
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428 If this buffer-local variable is non-@code{nil}, then Emacs displays
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429 @samp{@dots{}} at the end of a line that is followed by invisible text.
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430 This example is a continuation of the previous one.
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431
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432 @example
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433 @group
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434 (setq selective-display-ellipses t)
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435 @result{} t
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436
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437 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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438 1 on this column
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439 2on this column ...
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440 2on this column
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441 1 on this column
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442 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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443 @end group
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444 @end example
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445
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446 You can use a display table to substitute other text for the ellipsis
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447 (@samp{@dots{}}). @xref{Display Tables}.
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448 @end defvar
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449
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450 @node Overlay Arrow
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451 @section The Overlay Arrow
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452 @cindex overlay arrow
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453
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454 The @dfn{overlay arrow} is useful for directing the user's attention
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455 to a particular line in a buffer. For example, in the modes used for
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456 interface to debuggers, the overlay arrow indicates the line of code
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457 about to be executed.
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458
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459 @defvar overlay-arrow-string
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460 This variable holds the string to display to call attention to a
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461 particular line, or @code{nil} if the arrow feature is not in use.
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462 @end defvar
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463
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464 @defvar overlay-arrow-position
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465 This variable holds a marker that indicates where to display the overlay
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466 arrow. It should point at the beginning of a line. The arrow text
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467 appears at the beginning of that line, overlaying any text that would
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468 otherwise appear. Since the arrow is usually short, and the line
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469 usually begins with indentation, normally nothing significant is
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470 overwritten.
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471
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472 The overlay string is displayed only in the buffer that this marker
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473 points into. Thus, only one buffer can have an overlay arrow at any
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474 given time.
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475 @c !!! overlay-arrow-position: but the overlay string may remain in the display
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476 @c of some other buffer until an update is required. This should be fixed
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477 @c now. Is it?
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478 @end defvar
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479
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480 You can do the same job by creating an overlay with a
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481 @code{before-string} property. @xref{Overlay Properties}.
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482
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483 @node Temporary Displays
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484 @section Temporary Displays
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485
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486 Temporary displays are used by commands to put output into a buffer
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487 and then present it to the user for perusal rather than for editing.
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488 Many of the help commands use this feature.
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489
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490 @defspec with-output-to-temp-buffer buffer-name forms@dots{}
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491 This function executes @var{forms} while arranging to insert any
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492 output they print into the buffer named @var{buffer-name}. The buffer
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493 is then shown in some window for viewing, displayed but not selected.
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494
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495 The string @var{buffer-name} specifies the temporary buffer, which
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496 need not already exist. The argument must be a string, not a buffer.
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497 The buffer is erased initially (with no questions asked), and it is
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498 marked as unmodified after @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer} exits.
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499
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500 @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer} binds @code{standard-output} to the
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501 temporary buffer, then it evaluates the forms in @var{forms}. Output
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502 using the Lisp output functions within @var{forms} goes by default to
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503 that buffer (but screen display and messages in the echo area, although
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504 they are ``output'' in the general sense of the word, are not affected).
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505 @xref{Output Functions}.
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506
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507 The value of the last form in @var{forms} is returned.
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508
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509 @example
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510 @group
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511 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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512 This is the contents of foo.
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513 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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514 @end group
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515
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516 @group
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517 (with-output-to-temp-buffer "foo"
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518 (print 20)
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519 (print standard-output))
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520 @result{} #<buffer foo>
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521
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522 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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523 20
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524
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525 #<buffer foo>
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526
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527 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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528 @end group
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529 @end example
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530 @end defspec
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531
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532 @defvar temp-buffer-show-function
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533 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer}
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534 calls it as a function to do the job of displaying a help buffer. The
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535 function gets one argument, which is the buffer it should display.
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536
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537 In Emacs versions 18 and earlier, this variable was called
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538 @code{temp-buffer-show-hook}.
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539 @end defvar
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540
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541 @defun momentary-string-display string position &optional char message
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542 This function momentarily displays @var{string} in the current buffer at
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543 @var{position}. It has no effect on the undo list or on the buffer's
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544 modification status.
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545
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546 The momentary display remains until the next input event. If the next
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547 input event is @var{char}, @code{momentary-string-display} ignores it
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548 and returns. Otherwise, that event remains buffered for subsequent use
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549 as input. Thus, typing @var{char} will simply remove the string from
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550 the display, while typing (say) @kbd{C-f} will remove the string from
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551 the display and later (presumably) move point forward. The argument
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552 @var{char} is a space by default.
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553
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554 The return value of @code{momentary-string-display} is not meaningful.
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555
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556 If the string @var{string} does not contain control characters, you can
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557 do the same job in a more general way by creating an overlay with a
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558 @code{before-string} property. @xref{Overlay Properties}.
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559
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560 If @var{message} is non-@code{nil}, it is displayed in the echo area
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561 while @var{string} is displayed in the buffer. If it is @code{nil}, a
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562 default message says to type @var{char} to continue.
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563
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564 In this example, point is initially located at the beginning of the
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565 second line:
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566
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567 @example
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568 @group
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569 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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570 This is the contents of foo.
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571 @point{}Second line.
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572 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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573 @end group
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574
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575 @group
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576 (momentary-string-display
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577 "**** Important Message! ****"
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578 (point) ?\r
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579 "Type RET when done reading")
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580 @result{} t
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581 @end group
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582
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583 @group
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584 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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585 This is the contents of foo.
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586 **** Important Message! ****Second line.
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587 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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588
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589 ---------- Echo Area ----------
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590 Type RET when done reading
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591 ---------- Echo Area ----------
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592 @end group
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593 @end example
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594 @end defun
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595
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596 @node Overlays
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597 @section Overlays
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598 @cindex overlays
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599
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600 You can use @dfn{overlays} to alter the appearance of a buffer's text on
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601 the screen, for the sake of presentation features. An overlay is an
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602 object that belongs to a particular buffer, and has a specified
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603 beginning and end. It also has properties that you can examine and set;
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604 these affect the display of the text within the overlay.
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605
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606 @menu
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607 * Overlay Properties:: How to read and set properties.
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608 What properties do to the screen display.
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609 * Managing Overlays:: Creating, moving, finding overlays.
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610 @end menu
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611
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612 @node Overlay Properties
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613 @subsection Overlay Properties
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614
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615 Overlay properties are like text properties in some respects, but the
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616 differences are more important than the similarities. Text properties
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617 are considered a part of the text; overlays are specifically considered
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618 not to be part of the text. Thus, copying text between various buffers
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619 and strings preserves text properties, but does not try to preserve
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620 overlays. Changing a buffer's text properties marks the buffer as
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621 modified, while moving an overlay or changing its properties does not.
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622 Unlike text propery changes, overlay changes are not recorded in the
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623 buffer's undo list.
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624
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625 @table @code
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626 @item priority
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627 @kindex priority @r{(overlay property)}
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628 This property's value (which should be a nonnegative number) determines
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629 the priority of the overlay. The priority matters when two or more
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630 overlays cover the same character and both specify a face for display;
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631 the one whose @code{priority} value is larger takes priority over the
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632 other, and its face attributes override the face attributes of the lower
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633 priority overlay.
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634
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635 Currently, all overlays take priority over text properties. Please
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636 avoid using negative priority values, as we have not yet decided just
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637 what they should mean.
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638
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639 @item window
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640 @kindex window @r{(overlay property)}
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641 If the @code{window} property is non-@code{nil}, then the overlay
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642 applies only on that window.
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643
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644 @item category
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645 @kindex category @r{(overlay property)}
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646 If an overlay has a @code{category} property, we call it the
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647 @dfn{category} of the overlay. It should be a symbol. The properties
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648 of the symbol serve as defaults for the properties of the overlay.
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649
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650 @item face
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651 @kindex face @r{(overlay property)}
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652 This property controls the font and color of text. Its value is a face
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653 name or a list of face names. @xref{Faces}, for more information. This
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654 feature may be temporary; in the future, we may replace it with other
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655 ways of specifying how to display text.
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656
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657 @item mouse-face
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658 @kindex mouse-face @r{(overlay property)}
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659 This property is used instead of @code{face} when the mouse is within
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660 the range of the overlay. This feature may be temporary, like
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661 @code{face}.
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662
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663 @item modification-hooks
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664 @kindex modification-hooks @r{(overlay property)}
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665 This property's value is a list of functions to be called if any
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666 character within the overlay is changed or if text is inserted strictly
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667 within the overlay.
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668
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669 The hook functions are called both before and after each change.
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670 If the functions save the information they receive, and compare notes
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671 between calls, they can determine exactly what change has been made
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672 in the buffer text.
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673
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674 When called before a change, each function receives four arguments: the
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675 overlay, @code{nil}, and the beginning and end of the text range to be
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676 modified.
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677
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678 When called after a change, each function receives five arguments: the
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679 overlay, @code{t}, the beginning and end of the text range just
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
680 modified, and the length of the pre-change text replaced by that range.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
681 (For an insertion, the pre-change length is zero; for a deletion, that
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
682 length is the number of characters deleted, and the post-change
12098
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
683 beginning and end are equal.)
12067
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
684
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
685 @item insert-in-front-hooks
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parents:
diff changeset
686 @kindex insert-in-front-hooks @r{(overlay property)}
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
687 This property's value is a list of functions to be called before and
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
688 after inserting text right at the beginning of the overlay. The calling
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
689 conventions are the same as for the @code{modification-hooks} functions.
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
690
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parents:
diff changeset
691 @item insert-behind-hooks
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parents:
diff changeset
692 @kindex insert-behind-hooks @r{(overlay property)}
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
693 This property's value is a list of functions to be called before and
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
694 after inserting text right at the end of the overlay. The calling
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
695 conventions are the same as for the @code{modification-hooks} functions.
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
696
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parents:
diff changeset
697 @item invisible
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parents:
diff changeset
698 @kindex invisible @r{(overlay property)}
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
699 The @code{invisible} property can make the text in the overlay
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
700 invisible, which means that it does not appear on the screen.
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
701 @xref{Invisible Text}, for details.
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
702
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
703 @item intangible
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
704 @kindex intangible @r{(overlay property)}
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
705 The @code{intangible} property on an overlay works just like the
12098
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
706 @code{intangible} text property. @xref{Special Properties}, for details.
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
707
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parents:
diff changeset
708 @item before-string
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parents:
diff changeset
709 @kindex before-string @r{(overlay property)}
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parents:
diff changeset
710 This property's value is a string to add to the display at the beginning
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parents:
diff changeset
711 of the overlay. The string does not appear in the buffer in any
12067
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
712 sense---only on the screen. The string should contain only characters
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
713 that display as a single column---control characters, including tabs or
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
714 newlines, will give strange results.
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
715
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parents:
diff changeset
716 @item after-string
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parents:
diff changeset
717 @kindex after-string @r{(overlay property)}
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parents:
diff changeset
718 This property's value is a string to add to the display at the end of
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parents:
diff changeset
719 the overlay. The string does not appear in the buffer in any
12067
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
720 sense---only on the screen. The string should contain only characters
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
721 that display as a single column---control characters, including tabs or
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
722 newlines, will give strange results.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
723
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
724 @item evaporate
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
725 @kindex evaporate @r{(overlay property)}
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
726 If this property is non-@code{nil}, the overlay is deleted automatically
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
727 if it ever becomes empty (i.e., if it spans no characters).
6598
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diff changeset
728 @end table
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parents:
diff changeset
729
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parents:
diff changeset
730 These are the functions for reading and writing the properties of an
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
731 overlay.
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parents:
diff changeset
732
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parents:
diff changeset
733 @defun overlay-get overlay prop
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parents:
diff changeset
734 This function returns the value of property @var{prop} recorded in
12067
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
735 @var{overlay}, if any. If @var{overlay} does not record any value for
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
736 that property, but it does have a @code{category} property which is a
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
737 symbol, that symbol's @var{prop} property is used. Otherwise, the value
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
738 is @code{nil}.
6598
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diff changeset
739 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
740
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parents:
diff changeset
741 @defun overlay-put overlay prop value
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
742 This function sets the value of property @var{prop} recorded in
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
743 @var{overlay} to @var{value}. It returns @var{value}.
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parents:
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744 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
745
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
746 See also the function @code{get-char-property} which checks both
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
747 overlay properties and text properties for a given character.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
748 @xref{Examining Properties}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
749
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parents:
diff changeset
750 @node Managing Overlays
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parents:
diff changeset
751 @subsection Managing Overlays
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
752
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
753 This section describes the functions to create, delete and move
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
754 overlays, and to examine their contents.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
755
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
756 @defun make-overlay start end &optional buffer
9009
7cdfcd5e71ff entered into RCS
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8925
diff changeset
757 This function creates and returns an overlay that belongs to
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
758 @var{buffer} and ranges from @var{start} to @var{end}. Both @var{start}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
759 and @var{end} must specify buffer positions; they may be integers or
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
760 markers. If @var{buffer} is omitted, the overlay is created in the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
761 current buffer.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
762 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
763
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
764 @defun overlay-start overlay
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
765 This function returns the position at which @var{overlay} starts.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
766 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
767
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
768 @defun overlay-end overlay
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
769 This function returns the position at which @var{overlay} ends.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
770 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
771
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
772 @defun overlay-buffer overlay
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
773 This function returns the buffer that @var{overlay} belongs to.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
774 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
775
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
776 @defun delete-overlay overlay
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
777 This function deletes @var{overlay}. The overlay continues to exist as
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
778 a Lisp object, but ceases to be part of the buffer it belonged to, and
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
779 ceases to have any effect on display.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
780 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
781
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
782 @defun move-overlay overlay start end &optional buffer
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
783 This function moves @var{overlay} to @var{buffer}, and places its bounds
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
784 at @var{start} and @var{end}. Both arguments @var{start} and @var{end}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
785 must specify buffer positions; they may be integers or markers. If
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
786 @var{buffer} is omitted, the overlay stays in the same buffer.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
787
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
788 The return value is @var{overlay}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
789
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
790 This is the only valid way to change the endpoints of an overlay. Do
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
791 not try modifying the markers in the overlay by hand, as that fails to
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
792 update other vital data structures and can cause some overlays to be
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
793 ``lost''.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
794 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
795
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
796 @defun overlays-at pos
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
797 This function returns a list of all the overlays that contain position
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
798 @var{pos} in the current buffer. The list is in no particular order.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
799 An overlay contains position @var{pos} if it begins at or before
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
800 @var{pos}, and ends after @var{pos}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
801 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
802
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
803 @defun next-overlay-change pos
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
804 This function returns the buffer position of the next beginning or end
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
805 of an overlay, after @var{pos}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
806 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
807
12067
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
808 @defun previous-overlay-change pos
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
809 This function returns the buffer position of the previous beginning or
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
810 end of an overlay, before @var{pos}.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
811 @end defun
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
812
6598
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diff changeset
813 @node Faces
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
814 @section Faces
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
815 @cindex face
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
816
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
817 A @dfn{face} is a named collection of graphical attributes: font,
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
818 foreground color, background color and optional underlining. Faces
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
819 control the display of text on the screen.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
820
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
821 @cindex face id
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
822 Each face has its own @dfn{face id number} which distinguishes faces at
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
823 low levels within Emacs. However, for most purposes, you can refer to
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
824 faces in Lisp programs by their names.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
825
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
826 @defun facep object
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
827 This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a face name symbol (or
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
828 if it is a vector of the kind used internally to record face data). It
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
829 returns @code{nil} otherwise.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
830 @end defun
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
831
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
832 Each face name is meaningful for all frames, and by default it has the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
833 same meaning in all frames. But you can arrange to give a particular
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
834 face name a special meaning in one frame if you wish.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
835
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
836 @menu
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
837 * Standard Faces:: The faces Emacs normally comes with.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
838 * Merging Faces:: How Emacs decides which face to use for a character.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
839 * Face Functions:: How to define and examine faces.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
840 @end menu
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
841
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
842 @node Standard Faces
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
843 @subsection Standard Faces
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
844
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
845 This table lists all the standard faces and their uses.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
846
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
847 @table @code
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
848 @item default
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
849 @kindex default @r{(face name)}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
850 This face is used for ordinary text.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
851
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
852 @item modeline
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
853 @kindex modeline @r{(face name)}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
854 This face is used for mode lines and menu bars.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
855
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
856 @item region
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
857 @kindex region @r{(face name)}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
858 This face is used for highlighting the region in Transient Mark mode.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
859
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
860 @item secondary-selection
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
861 @kindex secondary-selection @r{(face name)}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
862 This face is used to show any secondary selection you have made.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
863
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
864 @item highlight
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
865 @kindex highlight @r{(face name)}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
866 This face is meant to be used for highlighting for various purposes.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
867
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
868 @item underline
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
869 @kindex underline @r{(face name)}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
870 This face underlines text.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
871
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
872 @item bold
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
873 @kindex bold @r{(face name)}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
874 This face uses a bold font, if possible. It uses the bold variant of
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
875 the frame's font, if it has one. It's up to you to choose a default
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
876 font that has a bold variant, if you want to use one.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
877
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
878 @item italic
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
879 @kindex italic @r{(face name)}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
880 This face uses the italic variant of the frame's font, if it has one.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
881
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
882 @item bold-italic
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
883 @kindex bold-italic @r{(face name)}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
884 This face uses the bold italic variant of the frame's font, if it has
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
885 one.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
886 @end table
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
887
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
888 @node Merging Faces
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
889 @subsection Merging Faces for Display
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
890
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
891 Here are all the ways to specify which face to use for display of text:
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
892
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
893 @itemize @bullet
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
894 @item
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
895 With defaults. Each frame has a @dfn{default face}, whose id number is
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
896 zero, which is used for all text that doesn't somehow specify another
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
897 face.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
898
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
899 @item
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
900 With text properties. A character may have a @code{face} property; if so,
9009
7cdfcd5e71ff entered into RCS
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8925
diff changeset
901 it is displayed with that face. @xref{Special Properties}.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
902
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
903 If the character has a @code{mouse-face} property, that is used instead
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
904 of the @code{face} property when the mouse is ``near enough'' to the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
905 character.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
906
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
907 @item
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
908 With overlays. An overlay may have @code{face} and @code{mouse-face}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
909 properties too; they apply to all the text covered by the overlay.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
910
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
911 @item
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
912 With a region that is active. In Transient Mark mode, the region is
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
913 highlighted with a particular face (see @code{region-face}, below).
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
914
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
915 @item
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
916 With special glyphs. Each glyph can specify a particular face id
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
917 number. @xref{Glyphs}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
918 @end itemize
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
919
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
920 If these various sources together specify more than one face for a
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
921 particular character, Emacs merges the attributes of the various faces
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
922 specified. The attributes of the faces of special glyphs come first;
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
923 then comes the face for region highlighting, if appropriate;
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
924 then come attributes of faces from overlays, followed by those from text
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
925 properties, and last the default face.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
926
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
927 When multiple overlays cover one character, an overlay with higher
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
928 priority overrides those with lower priority. @xref{Overlays}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
929
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
930 If an attribute such as the font or a color is not specified in any of
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
931 the above ways, the frame's own font or color is used.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
932
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
933 @node Face Functions
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
934 @subsection Functions for Working with Faces
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
935
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
936 The attributes a face can specify include the font, the foreground
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
937 color, the background color, and underlining. The face can also leave
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
938 these unspecified by giving the value @code{nil} for them.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
939
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
940 Here are the primitives for creating and changing faces.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
941
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
942 @defun make-face name
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
943 This function defines a new face named @var{name}, initially with all
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
944 attributes @code{nil}. It does nothing if there is already a face named
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
945 @var{name}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
946 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
947
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
948 @defun face-list
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
949 This function returns a list of all defined face names.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
950 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
951
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
952 @defun copy-face old-face new-name &optional frame new-frame
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
953 This function defines the face @var{new-name} as a copy of the existing
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
954 face named @var{old-face}. It creates the face @var{new-name} if that
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
955 doesn't already exist.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
956
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
957 If the optional argument @var{frame} is given, this function applies
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
958 only to that frame. Otherwise it applies to each frame individually,
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
959 copying attributes from @var{old-face} in each frame to @var{new-face}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
960 in the same frame.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
961
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
962 If the optional argument @var{new-frame} is given, then @code{copy-face}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
963 copies the attributes of @var{old-face} in @var{frame} to @var{new-name}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
964 in @var{new-frame}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
965 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
966
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
967 You can modify the attributes of an existing face with the following
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
968 functions. If you specify @var{frame}, they affect just that frame;
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
969 otherwise, they affect all frames as well as the defaults that apply to
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
970 new frames.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
971
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
972 @defun set-face-foreground face color &optional frame
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
973 @defunx set-face-background face color &optional frame
9009
7cdfcd5e71ff entered into RCS
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8925
diff changeset
974 These functions set the foreground (or background, respectively) color
7cdfcd5e71ff entered into RCS
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8925
diff changeset
975 of face @var{face} to @var{color}. The argument @var{color} should be a
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
976 string, the name of a color.
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
977
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
978 Certain shades of gray are implemented by stipple patterns on
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
979 black-and-white screens.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
980 @end defun
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
981
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
982 @defun set-face-stipple face pattern &optional frame
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
983 This function sets the background stipple pattern of face @var{face} to
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
984 @var{pattern}. The argument @var{pattern} should be the name of a
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
985 stipple pattern defined by the X server, or @code{nil} meaning don't use
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
986 stipple.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
987
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
988 Normally there is no need to pay attention to stipple patterns, because
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
989 they are used automatically to handle certain shades of gray.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
990 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
991
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
992 @defun set-face-font face font &optional frame
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
993 This function sets the font of face @var{face}. The argument @var{font}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
994 should be a string.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
995 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
996
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
997 @defun set-face-underline-p face underline-p &optional frame
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
998 This function sets the underline attribute of face @var{face}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
999 Non-@code{nil} means do underline; @code{nil} means don't.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1000 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1001
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1002 @defun invert-face face &optional frame
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1003 Swap the foreground and background colors of face @var{face}. If the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1004 face doesn't specify both foreground and background, then its foreground
9009
7cdfcd5e71ff entered into RCS
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8925
diff changeset
1005 and background are set to the default background and foreground,
7cdfcd5e71ff entered into RCS
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8925
diff changeset
1006 respectively.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1007 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1008
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1009 These functions examine the attributes of a face. If you don't
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1010 specify @var{frame}, they refer to the default data for new frames.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1011
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1012 @defun face-foreground face &optional frame
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1013 @defunx face-background face &optional frame
9009
7cdfcd5e71ff entered into RCS
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8925
diff changeset
1014 These functions return the foreground color (or background color,
7cdfcd5e71ff entered into RCS
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8925
diff changeset
1015 respectively) of face @var{face}, as a string.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1016 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1017
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1018 @defun face-stipple face &optional frame
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1019 This function returns the name of the background stipple pattern of face
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1020 @var{face}, or @code{nil} if it doesn't have one.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1021 @end defun
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1022
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1023 @defun face-font face &optional frame
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1024 This function returns the name of the font of face @var{face}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1025 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
1026
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parents:
diff changeset
1027 @defun face-underline-p face &optional frame
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1028 This function returns the underline attribute of face @var{face}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1029 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
1030
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1031 @defun face-id face
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1032 This function returns the face id number of face @var{face}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1033 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1034
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1035 @defun face-equal face1 face2 &optional frame
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1036 This returns @code{t} if the faces @var{face1} and @var{face2} have the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1037 same attributes for display.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1038 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1039
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1040 @defun face-differs-from-default-p face &optional frame
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1041 This returns @code{t} if the face @var{face} displays differently from
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1042 the default face. A face is considered to be ``the same'' as the normal
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1043 face if each attribute is either the same as that of the default face or
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1044 @code{nil} (meaning to inherit from the default).
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1045 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1046
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1047 @defvar region-face
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1048 This variable's value specifies the face id to use to display characters
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1049 in the region when it is active (in Transient Mark mode only). The face
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1050 thus specified takes precedence over all faces that come from text
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1051 properties and overlays, for characters in the region. @xref{The Mark},
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1052 for more information about Transient Mark mode.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1053
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1054 Normally, the value is the id number of the face named @code{region}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1055 @end defvar
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1056
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1057 @node Blinking
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1058 @section Blinking Parentheses
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1059 @cindex parenthesis matching
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1060 @cindex blinking
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1061 @cindex balancing parentheses
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1062 @cindex close parenthesis
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1063
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1064 This section describes the mechanism by which Emacs shows a matching
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1065 open parenthesis when the user inserts a close parenthesis.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1066
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1067 @vindex blink-paren-hook
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1068 @defvar blink-paren-function
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1069 The value of this variable should be a function (of no arguments) to
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1070 be called whenever a character with close parenthesis syntax is inserted.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1071 The value of @code{blink-paren-function} may be @code{nil}, in which
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1072 case nothing is done.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1073
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1074 @quotation
7735
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7086
diff changeset
1075 @strong{Please note:} This variable was named @code{blink-paren-hook} in
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1076 older Emacs versions, but since it is not called with the standard
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1077 convention for hooks, it was renamed to @code{blink-paren-function} in
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1078 version 19.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1079 @end quotation
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1080 @end defvar
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1081
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1082 @defvar blink-matching-paren
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1083 If this variable is @code{nil}, then @code{blink-matching-open} does
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1084 nothing.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1085 @end defvar
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1086
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1087 @defvar blink-matching-paren-distance
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1088 This variable specifies the maximum distance to scan for a matching
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1089 parenthesis before giving up.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1090 @end defvar
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1091
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1092 @defvar blink-matching-paren-delay
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1093 This variable specifies the number of seconds for the cursor to remain
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1094 at the matching parenthesis. A fraction of a second often gives
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1095 good results, but the default is 1, which works on all systems.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1096 @end defvar
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1097
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1098 @defun blink-matching-open
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1099 This function is the default value of @code{blink-paren-function}. It
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1100 assumes that point follows a character with close parenthesis syntax and
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1101 moves the cursor momentarily to the matching opening character. If that
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1102 character is not already on the screen, it displays the character's
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1103 context in the echo area. To avoid long delays, this function does not
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1104 search farther than @code{blink-matching-paren-distance} characters.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1105
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1106 Here is an example of calling this function explicitly.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1107
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1108 @smallexample
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1109 @group
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1110 (defun interactive-blink-matching-open ()
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1111 @c Do not break this line! -- rms.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1112 @c The first line of a doc string
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1113 @c must stand alone.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1114 "Indicate momentarily the start of sexp before point."
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1115 (interactive)
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1116 @end group
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1117 @group
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1118 (let ((blink-matching-paren-distance
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1119 (buffer-size))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1120 (blink-matching-paren t))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1121 (blink-matching-open)))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1122 @end group
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1123 @end smallexample
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1124 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1125
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1126 @node Inverse Video
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1127 @section Inverse Video
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1128 @cindex Inverse Video
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1129
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1130 @defopt inverse-video
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1131 @cindex highlighting
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1132 This variable controls whether Emacs uses inverse video for all text
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1133 on the screen. Non-@code{nil} means yes, @code{nil} means no. The
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1134 default is @code{nil}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1135 @end defopt
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1136
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1137 @defopt mode-line-inverse-video
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1138 This variable controls the use of inverse video for mode lines. If it
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1139 is non-@code{nil}, then mode lines are displayed in inverse video.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1140 Otherwise, mode lines are displayed normally, just like text. The
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1141 default is @code{t}.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1142
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1143 For X window frames, this displays mode lines using the face named
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1144 @code{modeline}, which is normally the inverse of the default face
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1145 unless you change it.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1146 @end defopt
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1147
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1148 @node Usual Display
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1149 @section Usual Display Conventions
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1150
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1151 The usual display conventions define how to display each character
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1152 code. You can override these conventions by setting up a display table
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1153 (@pxref{Display Tables}). Here are the usual display conventions:
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1154
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1155 @itemize @bullet
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1156 @item
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1157 Character codes 32 through 126 map to glyph codes 32 through 126.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1158 Normally this means they display as themselves.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1159
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1160 @item
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1161 Character code 9 is a horizontal tab. It displays as whitespace
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1162 up to a position determined by @code{tab-width}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1163
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1164 @item
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1165 Character code 10 is a newline.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1166
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1167 @item
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1168 All other codes in the range 0 through 31, and code 127, display in one
9009
7cdfcd5e71ff entered into RCS
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8925
diff changeset
1169 of two ways according to the value of @code{ctl-arrow}. If it is
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1170 non-@code{nil}, these codes map to sequences of two glyphs, where the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1171 first glyph is the @sc{ASCII} code for @samp{^}. (A display table can
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1172 specify a glyph to use instead of @samp{^}.) Otherwise, these codes map
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1173 just like the codes in the range 128 to 255.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1174
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1175 @item
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1176 Character codes 128 through 255 map to sequences of four glyphs, where
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1177 the first glyph is the @sc{ASCII} code for @samp{\}, and the others are
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1178 digit characters representing the code in octal. (A display table can
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1179 specify a glyph to use instead of @samp{\}.)
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1180 @end itemize
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1181
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1182 The usual display conventions apply even when there is a display
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1183 table, for any character whose entry in the active display table is
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1184 @code{nil}. Thus, when you set up a display table, you need only
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1185 specify the characters for which you want unusual behavior.
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parents:
diff changeset
1186
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diff changeset
1187 These variables affect the way certain characters are displayed on the
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parents:
diff changeset
1188 screen. Since they change the number of columns the characters occupy,
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parents:
diff changeset
1189 they also affect the indentation functions.
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parents:
diff changeset
1190
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diff changeset
1191 @defopt ctl-arrow
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parents:
diff changeset
1192 @cindex control characters in display
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parents:
diff changeset
1193 This buffer-local variable controls how control characters are
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parents:
diff changeset
1194 displayed. If it is non-@code{nil}, they are displayed as a caret
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parents:
diff changeset
1195 followed by the character: @samp{^A}. If it is @code{nil}, they are
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parents:
diff changeset
1196 displayed as a backslash followed by three octal digits: @samp{\001}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1197 @end defopt
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parents:
diff changeset
1198
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diff changeset
1199 @c Following may have overfull hbox.
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parents:
diff changeset
1200 @defvar default-ctl-arrow
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parents:
diff changeset
1201 The value of this variable is the default value for @code{ctl-arrow} in
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parents:
diff changeset
1202 buffers that do not override it. @xref{Default Value}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1203 @end defvar
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parents:
diff changeset
1204
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parents:
diff changeset
1205 @defopt tab-width
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parents:
diff changeset
1206 The value of this variable is the spacing between tab stops used for
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1207 displaying tab characters in Emacs buffers. The default is 8. Note
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parents:
diff changeset
1208 that this feature is completely independent from the user-settable tab
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parents:
diff changeset
1209 stops used by the command @code{tab-to-tab-stop}. @xref{Indent Tabs}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1210 @end defopt
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parents:
diff changeset
1211
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parents:
diff changeset
1212 @node Display Tables
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parents:
diff changeset
1213 @section Display Tables
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parents:
diff changeset
1214
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parents:
diff changeset
1215 @cindex display table
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parents:
diff changeset
1216 You can use the @dfn{display table} feature to control how all 256
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parents:
diff changeset
1217 possible character codes display on the screen. This is useful for
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parents:
diff changeset
1218 displaying European languages that have letters not in the @sc{ASCII}
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parents:
diff changeset
1219 character set.
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parents:
diff changeset
1220
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parents:
diff changeset
1221 The display table maps each character code into a sequence of
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parents:
diff changeset
1222 @dfn{glyphs}, each glyph being an image that takes up one character
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parents:
diff changeset
1223 position on the screen. You can also define how to display each glyph
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parents:
diff changeset
1224 on your terminal, using the @dfn{glyph table}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1225
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diff changeset
1226 @menu
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parents:
diff changeset
1227 * Display Table Format:: What a display table consists of.
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parents:
diff changeset
1228 * Active Display Table:: How Emacs selects a display table to use.
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parents:
diff changeset
1229 * Glyphs:: How to define a glyph, and what glyphs mean.
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parents:
diff changeset
1230 * ISO Latin 1:: How to use display tables
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parents:
diff changeset
1231 to support the ISO Latin 1 character set.
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parents:
diff changeset
1232 @end menu
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parents:
diff changeset
1233
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diff changeset
1234 @node Display Table Format
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parents:
diff changeset
1235 @subsection Display Table Format
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parents:
diff changeset
1236
8925
b05788fd41f0 *** empty log message ***
Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents: 8096
diff changeset
1237 A display table is actually an array of 262 elements.
6598
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diff changeset
1238
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diff changeset
1239 @defun make-display-table
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parents:
diff changeset
1240 This creates and returns a display table. The table initially has
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parents:
diff changeset
1241 @code{nil} in all elements.
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parents:
diff changeset
1242 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
1243
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diff changeset
1244 The first 256 elements correspond to character codes; the @var{n}th
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1245 element says how to display the character code @var{n}. The value
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1246 should be @code{nil} or a vector of glyph values (@pxref{Glyphs}). If
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1247 an element is @code{nil}, it says to display that character according to
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
1248 the usual display conventions (@pxref{Usual Display}).
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
1249
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
1250 If you use the display table to change the display of newline
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
1251 characters, the whole buffer will be displayed as one long ``line.''
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
1252
8925
b05788fd41f0 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 8096
diff changeset
1253 The remaining six elements of a display table serve special purposes,
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
1254 and @code{nil} means use the default stated below.
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parents:
diff changeset
1255
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parents:
diff changeset
1256 @table @asis
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parents:
diff changeset
1257 @item 256
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parents:
diff changeset
1258 The glyph for the end of a truncated screen line (the default for this
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1259 is @samp{$}). @xref{Glyphs}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1260 @item 257
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parents:
diff changeset
1261 The glyph for the end of a continued line (the default is @samp{\}).
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parents:
diff changeset
1262 @item 258
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parents:
diff changeset
1263 The glyph for indicating a character displayed as an octal character
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parents:
diff changeset
1264 code (the default is @samp{\}).
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1265 @item 259
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parents:
diff changeset
1266 The glyph for indicating a control character (the default is @samp{^}).
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parents:
diff changeset
1267 @item 260
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parents:
diff changeset
1268 A vector of glyphs for indicating the presence of invisible lines (the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1269 default is @samp{...}). @xref{Selective Display}.
8925
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parents: 8096
diff changeset
1270 @item 261
b05788fd41f0 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 8096
diff changeset
1271 The glyph used to draw the border between side-by-side windows (the
b05788fd41f0 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 8096
diff changeset
1272 default is @samp{|}). @xref{Splitting Windows}.
6598
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diff changeset
1273 @end table
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parents:
diff changeset
1274
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parents:
diff changeset
1275 For example, here is how to construct a display table that mimics the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1276 effect of setting @code{ctl-arrow} to a non-@code{nil} value:
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parents:
diff changeset
1277
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1278 @example
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1279 (setq disptab (make-display-table))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1280 (let ((i 0))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1281 (while (< i 32)
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1282 (or (= i ?\t) (= i ?\n)
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1283 (aset disptab i (vector ?^ (+ i 64))))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1284 (setq i (1+ i)))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1285 (aset disptab 127 (vector ?^ ??)))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1286 @end example
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parents:
diff changeset
1287
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1288 @node Active Display Table
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1289 @subsection Active Display Table
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1290 @cindex active display table
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parents:
diff changeset
1291
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1292 Each window can specify a display table, and so can each buffer. When
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1293 a buffer @var{b} is displayed in window @var{w}, display uses the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1294 display table for window @var{w} if it has one; otherwise, the display
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1295 table for buffer @var{b} if it has one; otherwise, the standard display
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1296 table if any. The display table chosen is called the @dfn{active}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1297 display table.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1298
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1299 @defun window-display-table window
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1300 This function returns @var{window}'s display table, or @code{nil}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1301 if @var{window} does not have an assigned display table.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1302 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
1303
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parents:
diff changeset
1304 @defun set-window-display-table window table
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1305 This function sets the display table of @var{window} to @var{table}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1306 The argument @var{table} should be either a display table or
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1307 @code{nil}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1308 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
1309
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parents:
diff changeset
1310 @defvar buffer-display-table
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1311 This variable is automatically local in all buffers; its value in a
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1312 particular buffer is the display table for that buffer, or @code{nil} if
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parents:
diff changeset
1313 the buffer does not have an assigned display table.
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parents:
diff changeset
1314 @end defvar
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parents:
diff changeset
1315
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parents:
diff changeset
1316 @defvar standard-display-table
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parents:
diff changeset
1317 This variable's value is the default display table, used whenever a
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1318 window has no display table and neither does the buffer displayed in
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1319 that window. This variable is @code{nil} by default.
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parents:
diff changeset
1320 @end defvar
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parents:
diff changeset
1321
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parents:
diff changeset
1322 If there is no display table to use for a particular window---that is,
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1323 if the window has none, its buffer has none, and
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1324 @code{standard-display-table} has none---then Emacs uses the usual
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1325 display conventions for all character codes in that window. @xref{Usual
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1326 Display}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1327
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parents:
diff changeset
1328 @node Glyphs
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1329 @subsection Glyphs
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1330
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1331 @cindex glyph
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1332 A @dfn{glyph} is a generalization of a character; it stands for an
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1333 image that takes up a single character position on the screen. Glyphs
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1334 are represented in Lisp as integers, just as characters are.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1335
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1336 @cindex glyph table
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1337 The meaning of each integer, as a glyph, is defined by the glyph
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1338 table, which is the value of the variable @code{glyph-table}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1339
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1340 @defvar glyph-table
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1341 The value of this variable is the current glyph table. It should be a
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1342 vector; the @var{g}th element defines glyph code @var{g}. If the value
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1343 is @code{nil} instead of a vector, then all glyphs are simple (see
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parents:
diff changeset
1344 below).
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1345 @end defvar
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1346
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1347 Here are the possible types of elements in the glyph table:
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1348
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1349 @table @var
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1350 @item string
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1351 Send the characters in @var{string} to the terminal to output
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1352 this glyph. This alternative is available on character terminals,
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1353 but not under X.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1354
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1355 @item integer
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1356 Define this glyph code as an alias for code @var{integer}. You can use
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1357 an alias to specify a face code for the glyph; see below.
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1358
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1359 @item @code{nil}
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1360 This glyph is simple. On an ordinary terminal, the glyph code mod 256
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1361 is the character to output. With X, the glyph code mod 256 is the
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1362 character to output, and the glyph code divided by 256 specifies the
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1363 @dfn{face id number} to use while outputting it. @xref{Faces}.
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1364 @end table
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1365
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1366 If a glyph code is greater than or equal to the length of the glyph
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1367 table, that code is automatically simple.
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1368
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1369 @node ISO Latin 1
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1370 @subsection ISO Latin 1
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1371
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1372 If you have a terminal that can handle the entire ISO Latin 1 character
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1373 set, you can arrange to use that character set as follows:
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1374
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1375 @example
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1376 (require 'disp-table)
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1377 ;; @r{Set char codes 160--255 to display as themselves.}
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1378 ;; @r{(Codes 128--159 are the additional control characters.)}
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1379 (standard-display-8bit 160 255)
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1380 @end example
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1381
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1382 If you are editing buffers written in the ISO Latin 1 character set and
9009
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1383 your terminal doesn't handle anything but @sc{ASCII}, you can load the
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1384 file @file{iso-ascii} to set up a display table that displays the other
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1385 ISO characters as explanatory sequences of @sc{ASCII} characters. For
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1386 example, the character ``o with umlaut'' displays as @samp{@{"o@}}.
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1387
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1388 Some European countries have terminals that don't support ISO Latin 1
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1389 but do support the special characters for that country's language. You
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1390 can define a display table to work one language using such terminals.
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1391 For an example, see @file{lisp/iso-swed.el}, which handles certain
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1392 Swedish terminals.
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1393
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1394 You can load the appropriate display table for your terminal
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1395 automatically by writing a terminal-specific Lisp file for the terminal
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1396 type.
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1397
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1398 @node Beeping
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1399 @section Beeping
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1400 @cindex beeping
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1401 @cindex bell
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1402
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1403 You can make Emacs ring a bell (or blink the screen) to attract the
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1404 user's attention. Be conservative about how often you do this; frequent
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1405 bells can become irritating. Also be careful not to use beeping alone
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1406 when signaling an error is appropriate. (@xref{Errors}.)
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1407
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1408 @defun ding &optional dont-terminate
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1409 @cindex keyboard macro termination
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1410 This function beeps, or flashes the screen (see @code{visible-bell} below).
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1411 It also terminates any keyboard macro currently executing unless
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1412 @var{dont-terminate} is non-@code{nil}.
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1413 @end defun
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1414
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1415 @defun beep &optional dont-terminate
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1416 This is a synonym for @code{ding}.
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1417 @end defun
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1418
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1419 @defvar visible-bell
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1420 This variable determines whether Emacs should flash the screen to
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1421 represent a bell. Non-@code{nil} means yes, @code{nil} means no. This
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1422 is effective under X windows, and on a character-only terminal provided
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1423 the terminal's Termcap entry defines the visible bell capability
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1424 (@samp{vb}).
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1425 @end defvar
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1426
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1427 @node Window Systems
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1428 @section Window Systems
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1429
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1430 Emacs works with several window systems, most notably the X Window
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1431 System. Both Emacs and X use the term ``window'', but use it
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1432 differently. An Emacs frame is a single window as far as X is
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1433 concerned; the individual Emacs windows are not known to X at all.
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1434
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1435 @defvar window-system
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diff changeset
1436 @cindex X Window System
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diff changeset
1437 This variable tells Lisp programs what window system Emacs is running
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diff changeset
1438 under. Its value should be a symbol such as @code{x} (if Emacs is
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diff changeset
1439 running under X) or @code{nil} (if Emacs is running on an ordinary
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diff changeset
1440 terminal).
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1441 @end defvar
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diff changeset
1442
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1443 @defvar window-setup-hook
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diff changeset
1444 This variable is a normal hook which Emacs runs after loading your
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diff changeset
1445 @file{.emacs} file and the default initialization file (if any), after
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diff changeset
1446 loading terminal-specific Lisp code, and after running the hook
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diff changeset
1447 @code{term-setup-hook}.
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diff changeset
1448
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1449 This hook is used for internal purposes: setting up communication with
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1450 the window system, and creating the initial window. Users should not
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diff changeset
1451 interfere with it.
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1452 @end defvar