Mercurial > emacs
annotate nt/INSTALL @ 42405:1035c3ac4b16
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author | Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org> |
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date | Sat, 29 Dec 2001 14:54:28 +0000 |
parents | f45165ce5cbc |
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25856 | 1 Building and Installing Emacs |
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2 on Windows NT/2000 and Windows 95/98/ME |
25856 | 3 |
37710 | 4 Copyright (c) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
5 See the end of the file for copying permissions. | |
6 | |
39152 | 7 If you used WinZip to unpack the distribution, we suggest to |
8 remove the files and unpack again with a different program! | |
9 WinZip is known to create some subtle and hard to debug problems, | |
10 such as converting files to DOS CR-LF format, not creating empty | |
11 directories, etc. We suggest to use djtarnt.exe from the GNU FTP | |
12 site. | |
13 | |
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14 To compile Emacs, you will need either Microsoft Visual C++ 2.0 or |
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15 later and nmake, or a Windows port of GCC 2.95 or later with Mingw |
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16 and W32 API support and a port of GNU make. You can use the Cygwin |
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17 ports of GCC, but Emacs requires the Mingw headers and libraries to |
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18 build (latest versions of the Cygwin toolkit, at least since v1.3.3, |
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19 include the MinGW headers and libraries as an integral part). |
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20 |
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21 If you build Emacs on Windows 9X or ME, not on Windows 2000 or |
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22 Windows NT, we suggest to install the Cygwin port of Bash. |
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23 |
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24 Please see http://www.mingw.org for pointers to GCC/Mingw binaries. |
25856 | 25 |
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26 For reference, here is a list of which builds of GNU make are known |
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27 to work or not, and whether they work in the presence and/or absence |
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28 of sh.exe, the Cygwin port of Bash. Note that any version of make |
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29 that is compiled with Cygwin will only work with Cygwin tools, due to |
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30 the use of cygwin style paths. This means Cygwin make is unsuitable |
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31 for building parts of Emacs that need to invoke Emacs itself (leim and |
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32 "make bootstrap", for example). Also see the Trouble-shooting section |
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33 below if you decide to go ahead and use Cygwin make. |
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34 |
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35 sh exists no sh |
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36 |
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37 cygwin b20.1 make (3.75): fails[1, 5] fails[2, 5] |
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38 MSVC compiled gmake 3.77: okay okay |
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39 MSVC compiled gmake 3.78.1: okay okay |
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40 MSVC compiled gmake 3.79.1: okay okay |
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41 mingw32/gcc-2.92.2 make (3.77): okay okay[4] |
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42 cygwin compiled gmake 3.77: fails[1, 5] fails[2, 5] |
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43 cygwin compiled make 3.78.1: fails[5] fails[2, 5] |
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44 cygwin compiled make 3.79.1: fails[3, 5] fails[2?, 5] |
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45 mingw32 compiled make 3.79.1: okay okay |
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46 |
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47 Notes: |
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48 |
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49 [1] doesn't cope with makefiles with DOS line endings, so must mount |
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50 emacs source with text!=binary. |
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51 [2] fails when needs to invoke shell commands; okay invoking gcc etc. |
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52 [3] requires LC_MESSAGES support to build; cannot build with early |
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53 versions of cygwin. |
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54 [4] may fail on Windows 9X and Windows ME; if so, install Bash. |
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55 [5] fails when building leim due to the use of cygwin style paths. |
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56 May work if building emacs without leim. |
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57 |
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58 * Configuring |
25856 | 59 |
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60 Configuration of Emacs is now handled by running configure.bat in the |
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61 nt subdirectory. It will detect which compiler you have available, |
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62 and generate makefiles accordingly. You can override the compiler |
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63 detection, and control optimization and debug settings, by specifying |
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64 options on the command line when invoking configure. |
25856 | 65 |
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66 To configure Emacs to build with GCC or MSVC, whichever is available, |
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67 simply change to the nt subdirectory and run `configure' with no |
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68 options. To see what options are available, run `configure --help'. |
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70 N.B. It is normal to see a few error messages output while configure |
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71 is running, when gcc support is being tested. These cannot be |
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72 surpressed because of limitations in the Windows 9x command.com shell. |
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73 |
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74 * Building |
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76 After running configure, simply run the appropriate `make' program for |
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77 your compiler to build Emacs. For MSVC, this is nmake; for GCC, it is |
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78 GNU make. |
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80 As the files are compiled, you will see some warning messages |
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81 declaring that some functions don't return a value, or that some data |
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82 conversions will be lossy, etc. You can safely ignore these messages. |
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83 The warnings may be fixed in the main FSF source at some point, but |
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84 until then we will just live with them. |
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86 * Installing |
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88 To install Emacs after it has compiled, simply run `nmake install' |
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89 or `make install', depending on which version of the Make utility |
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90 do you have. |
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92 By default, Emacs will be installed in the location where it was |
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93 built, but a different location can be specified either using the |
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94 --prefix option to configure, or by setting INSTALL_DIR when running |
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95 make, like so: |
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97 make install INSTALL_DIR=D:/emacs |
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99 (for `nmake', type "nmake install INSTALL_DIR=D:/emacs" instead). |
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100 |
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101 The install process will run addpm to setup the registry entries, and |
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102 to create a Start menu icon for Emacs. |
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104 * Trouble-shooting |
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106 The main problems that are likely to be encountered when building |
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107 Emacs stem from using an old version of GCC, or old Mingw or W32 API |
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108 headers. Additionally, cygwin ports of GNU make may require the Emacs |
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109 source tree to be mounted with text!=binary, because the makefiles |
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110 generated by configure.bat necessarily use DOS line endings. Also, |
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111 cygwin ports of make must run in UNIX mode, either by specifying |
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112 --unix on the command line, or MAKE_MODE=UNIX in the environment. |
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114 When configure runs, it attempts to detect when GCC itself, or the |
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115 headers it is using, are not suitable for building Emacs. GCC version |
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116 2.95 or later is needed, because that is when the Windows port gained |
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117 sufficient support for anonymous structs and unions to cope with some |
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118 definitions from winnt.h that are used by addsection.c. The W32 API |
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119 headers that come with Cygwin b20.1 are incomplete, and do not include |
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120 some definitions required by addsection.c, for instance. Also, older |
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121 releases of the W32 API headers from Anders Norlander contain a typo |
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122 in the definition of IMAGE_FIRST_SECTION in winnt.h, which |
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123 addsection.c relies on. Versions of w32api-xxx.zip from at least |
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124 1999-11-18 onwards are okay. |
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126 If configure succeeds, but make fails, install the Cygwin port of |
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127 Bash, even if the table above indicates that Emacs should be able to |
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128 build without sh.exe. (Some versions of Windows shells are too dumb |
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129 for Makefile's used by Emacs.) |
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130 |
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131 If you are using certain Cygwin builds of GCC, such as Cygwin version |
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132 1.1.8, you may need to specify some extra compiler flags like so: |
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133 |
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134 configure --with-gcc --cflags -mwin32 --cflags -D__MSVCRT__ |
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135 --ldflags -mwin32 |
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136 |
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137 However, the latest Cygwin versions, such as 1.3.3, don't need those |
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138 switches; you can simply use "configure --with-gcc". |
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139 |
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140 We will attempt to auto-detect the need for these flags in a future |
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141 release. |
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142 |
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143 * Debugging |
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145 You should be able to debug Emacs using the debugger that is |
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146 appropriate for the compiler you used, namely DevStudio or Windbg if |
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147 compiled with MSVC, or gdb if compiled with gcc. |
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148 |
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149 Emacs functions implemented in C use a naming convention that reflects |
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150 their names in lisp. The names of the C routines are the lisp names |
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151 prefixed with 'F', and with dashes converted to underscores. For |
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152 example, the function call-process is implemented in C by |
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153 Fcall_process. Similarly, lisp variables are prefixed with 'V', again |
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154 with dashes converted to underscores. These conventions enable you to |
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155 easily set breakpoints or examine familiar lisp variables by name. |
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157 Since Emacs data is often in the form of a lisp object, and the |
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158 Lisp_Object type is difficult to examine manually in the MSVC |
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159 debugger, Emacs provides a helper routine called debug_print that |
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160 prints out a readable representation of a Lisp_Object. (If you are |
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161 using gdb, there is a .gdbinit file in the src directory which |
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162 provides definitions that are useful for examining lisp objects. The |
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163 following tips are mainly of interest when using MSVC.) The output |
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164 from debug_print is sent to stderr, and to the debugger via the |
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165 OutputDebugString routine. The output sent to stderr should be |
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166 displayed in the console window that was opened when the emacs.exe |
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167 executable was started. The output sent to the debugger should be |
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168 displayed in its "Debug" output window. |
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170 When you are in the process of debugging Emacs and you would like to |
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171 examine the contents of a Lisp_Object variable, popup the QuickWatch |
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172 window (QuickWatch has an eyeglass symbol on its button in the |
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173 toolbar). In the text field at the top of the window, enter |
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174 debug_print(<variable>) and hit return. For example, start and run |
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175 Emacs in the debugger until it is waiting for user input. Then click |
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176 on the Break button in the debugger to halt execution. Emacs should |
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177 halt in ZwUserGetMessage waiting for an input event. Use the Call |
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178 Stack window to select the procedure w32_msp_pump up the call stack |
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179 (see below for why you have to do this). Open the QuickWatch window |
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180 and enter debug_print(Vexec_path). Evaluating this expression will |
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181 then print out the contents of the lisp variable exec-path. |
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183 If QuickWatch reports that the symbol is unknown, then check the call |
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184 stack in the Call Stack window. If the selected frame in the call |
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185 stack is not an Emacs procedure, then the debugger won't recognize |
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186 Emacs symbols. Instead, select a frame that is inside an Emacs |
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187 procedure and try using debug_print again. |
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189 If QuickWatch invokes debug_print but nothing happens, then check the |
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190 thread that is selected in the debugger. If the selected thread is |
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191 not the last thread to run (the "current" thread), then it cannot be |
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192 used to execute debug_print. Use the Debug menu to select the current |
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193 thread and try using debug_print again. Note that the debugger halts |
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194 execution (e.g., due to a breakpoint) in the context of the current |
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195 thread, so this should only be a problem if you've explicitly switched |
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196 threads. |
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198 COPYING PERMISSIONS | |
199 | |
200 Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies | |
201 of this document as received, in any medium, provided that the | |
202 copyright notice and permission notice are preserved, | |
203 and that the distributor grants the recipient permission | |
204 for further redistribution as permitted by this notice. | |
205 | |
206 Permission is granted to distribute modified versions | |
207 of this document, or of portions of it, | |
208 under the above conditions, provided also that they | |
209 carry prominent notices stating who last changed them, | |
210 and that any new or changed statements about the activities | |
211 of the Free Software Foundation are approved by the Foundation. |