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author | Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com> |
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date | Thu, 31 Jul 2008 21:12:21 +0000 |
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25829 | 1 \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c documentation for forms-mode | |
3 @c Written by Johan Vromans, and edited by Richard Stallman | |
4 | |
5 @comment %**start of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) | |
6 @setfilename ../info/forms | |
7 @settitle Forms Mode User's Manual | |
8 @syncodeindex vr cp | |
9 @syncodeindex fn cp | |
10 @syncodeindex ky cp | |
11 @iftex | |
12 @finalout | |
13 @setchapternewpage odd | |
14 @end iftex | |
15 @c @smallbook | |
16 @comment %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) | |
17 | |
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18 @copying |
25829 | 19 This file documents Forms mode, a form-editing major mode for GNU Emacs. |
20 | |
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21 Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1997, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, |
79791 | 22 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 23 |
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24 @quotation |
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25 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
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26 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or |
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27 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no |
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28 Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU |
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29 Manual,'' and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the |
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30 license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation |
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31 License'' in the Emacs manual. |
25829 | 32 |
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33 (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify |
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34 this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free |
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35 Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' |
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36 |
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37 This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free |
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38 Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document |
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39 separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the |
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40 license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license. |
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41 @end quotation |
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42 @end copying |
25829 | 43 |
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44 @dircategory Emacs |
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45 @direntry |
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46 * Forms: (forms). Emacs package for editing data bases |
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47 by filling in forms. |
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48 @end direntry |
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49 |
25829 | 50 @titlepage |
51 @sp 6 | |
52 @center @titlefont{Forms Mode User's Manual} | |
53 @sp 4 | |
54 @center Forms-Mode version 2 | |
55 @sp 1 | |
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56 @center for GNU Emacs 22.1 |
25829 | 57 @sp 1 |
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58 @center April 2007 |
25829 | 59 @sp 5 |
60 @center Johan Vromans | |
61 @center @i{jvromans@@squirrel.nl} | |
62 @page | |
63 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll | |
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64 @insertcopying |
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65 @end titlepage |
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66 |
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67 @ifnottex |
25829 | 68 @node Top |
69 @top Forms Mode | |
70 | |
71 Forms mode is an Emacs major mode for working with simple textual data | |
72 bases in a forms-oriented manner. In Forms mode, the information in | |
73 these files is presented in an Emacs window in a user-defined format, | |
74 one record at a time. The user can view records or modify their | |
75 contents. | |
76 | |
77 Forms mode is not a simple major mode, but requires two files to do its | |
78 job: a control file and a data file. The data file holds the | |
79 actual data to be presented. The control file describes | |
80 how to present it. | |
81 | |
82 @menu | |
83 * Forms Example:: An example: editing the password data base. | |
84 * Entering and Exiting Forms Mode:: | |
85 How to visit a file in Forms mode. | |
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86 * Forms Commands:: Special commands to use while in Forms mode. |
25829 | 87 * Data File Format:: How to format the data file. |
88 * Control File Format:: How to control forms mode. | |
89 * Format Description:: How to define the forms layout. | |
90 * Modifying Forms Contents:: How to modify. | |
91 * Miscellaneous:: Forms mode messages and other remarks. | |
92 * Error Messages:: List of error messages forms mode can produce. | |
93 * Long Example:: A more complex control file example. | |
77235 | 94 * GNU Free Documentation License:: The license for this documentation. |
25829 | 95 * Credits:: Thanks everyone. |
96 * Index:: Index to this manual. | |
97 @end menu | |
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98 @end ifnottex |
25829 | 99 |
100 @node Forms Example | |
101 @chapter Forms Example | |
102 | |
103 Let's illustrate Forms mode with an example. Suppose you are looking at | |
104 the @file{/etc/passwd} file, and the screen looks like this: | |
105 | |
106 @example | |
107 ====== /etc/passwd ====== | |
108 | |
109 User : root Uid: 0 Gid: 1 | |
110 | |
111 Name : Super User | |
112 | |
113 Home : / | |
114 | |
115 Shell: /bin/sh | |
116 @end example | |
117 | |
118 As you can see, the familiar fields from the entry for the super user | |
119 are all there, but instead of being colon-separated on one single line, | |
120 they make up a forms. | |
121 | |
122 The contents of the forms consist of the contents of the fields of the | |
123 record (e.g. @samp{root}, @samp{0}, @samp{1}, @samp{Super User}) | |
124 interspersed with normal text (e.g @samp{User : }, @samp{Uid: }). | |
125 | |
126 If you modify the contents of the fields, Forms mode will analyze your | |
127 changes and update the file appropriately. You cannot modify the | |
128 interspersed explanatory text (unless you go to some trouble about it), | |
129 because that is marked read-only (@pxref{Text Properties,,, elisp, The | |
130 Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}). | |
131 | |
132 The Forms mode control file specifies the relationship between the | |
133 format of @file{/etc/passwd} and what appears on the screen in Forms | |
134 mode. @xref{Control File Format}. | |
135 | |
136 @node Entering and Exiting Forms Mode | |
137 @chapter Entering and Exiting Forms Mode | |
138 | |
139 @table @kbd | |
140 @findex forms-find-file | |
141 @item M-x forms-find-file @key{RET} @var{control-file} @key{RET} | |
142 Visit a database using Forms mode. Specify the name of the | |
143 @strong{control file}, not the data file! | |
144 | |
145 @findex forms-find-file-other-window | |
146 @item M-x forms-find-file-other-window @key{RET} @var{control-file} @key{RET} | |
147 Similar, but displays the file in another window. | |
148 @end table | |
149 | |
150 The command @code{forms-find-file} evaluates the file | |
151 @var{control-file}, and also visits it in Forms mode. What you see in | |
152 its buffer is not the contents of this file, but rather a single record | |
153 of the corresponding data file that is visited in its own buffer. So | |
154 there are two buffers involved in Forms mode: the @dfn{forms buffer} | |
155 that is initially used to visit the control file and that shows the | |
156 records being browsed, and the @dfn{data buffer} that holds the data | |
157 file being visited. The latter buffer is normally not visible. | |
158 | |
159 Initially, the first record is displayed in the forms buffer. | |
160 The mode line displays the major mode name @samp{Forms}, followed by the | |
161 minor mode @samp{View} if the data base is read-only. The number of the | |
162 current record (@var{n}) and the total number of records in the | |
163 file(@var{t}) are shown in the mode line as @samp{@var{n}/@var{t}}. For | |
164 example: | |
165 | |
166 @example | |
167 --%%-Emacs: passwd-demo (Forms View 1/54)----All------- | |
168 @end example | |
169 | |
170 If the buffer is not read-only, you may change the buffer to modify the | |
171 fields in the record. When you move to a different record, the contents | |
172 of the buffer are parsed using the specifications in | |
173 @code{forms-format-list}, and the data file is updated. If the record | |
174 has fields that aren't included in the display, they are not changed. | |
175 | |
176 @vindex forms-mode-hooks | |
177 Entering Forms mode runs the normal hook @code{forms-mode-hooks} to | |
178 perform user-defined customization. | |
179 | |
180 To save any modified data, you can use @kbd{C-x C-s} | |
181 (@code{forms-save-buffer}). This does not save the forms buffer (which would | |
182 be rather useless), but instead saves the buffer visiting the data file. | |
183 | |
184 To terminate Forms mode, you can use @kbd{C-x C-s} (@code{forms-save-buffer}) | |
185 and then kill the forms buffer. However, the data buffer will still | |
186 remain. If this is not desired, you have to kill this buffer too. | |
187 | |
188 @node Forms Commands | |
189 @chapter Forms Commands | |
190 | |
191 The commands of Forms mode belong to the @kbd{C-c} prefix, with one | |
192 exception: @key{TAB}, which moves to the next field. Forms mode uses | |
193 different key maps for normal mode and read-only mode. In read-only | |
194 Forms mode, you can access most of the commands without the @kbd{C-c} | |
195 prefix, but you must type ordinary letters instead of control | |
196 characters; for example, type @kbd{n} instead of @kbd{C-c C-n}. | |
197 | |
198 If your Emacs has been built with X-toolkit support, Forms mode will | |
199 provide its own menu with a number of Forms mode commands. | |
200 | |
201 @table @kbd | |
202 @findex forms-next-record | |
203 @kindex C-c C-n | |
204 @item C-c C-n | |
205 Show the next record (@code{forms-next-record}). With a numeric | |
206 argument @var{n}, show the @var{n}th next record. | |
207 | |
208 @findex forms-prev-record | |
209 @kindex C-c C-p | |
210 @item C-c C-p | |
211 Show the previous record (@code{forms-prev-record}). With a numeric | |
212 argument @var{n}, show the @var{n}th previous record. | |
213 | |
214 @findex forms-jump-record | |
215 @kindex C-c C-l | |
216 @item C-c C-l | |
217 Jump to a record by number (@code{forms-jump-record}). Specify | |
218 the record number with a numeric argument. | |
219 | |
220 @findex forms-first-record | |
221 @kindex C-c < | |
222 @item C-c < | |
223 Jump to the first record (@code{forms-first-record}). | |
224 | |
225 @findex forms-last-record | |
226 @kindex C-c > | |
227 @item C-c > | |
228 Jump to the last record (@code{forms-last-record}). This command also | |
229 recalculates the number of records in the data file. | |
230 | |
231 @findex forms-next-field | |
232 @kindex TAB | |
233 @item @key{TAB} | |
234 @kindex C-c TAB | |
235 @itemx C-c @key{TAB} | |
236 Jump to the next field in the current record (@code{forms-next-field}). | |
237 With a numeric argument @var{n}, jump forward @var{n} fields. If this command | |
238 would move past the last field, it wraps around to the first field. | |
239 | |
240 @findex forms-toggle-read-only | |
241 @kindex C-c C-q | |
242 @item C-c C-q | |
243 Toggles read-only mode (@code{forms-toggle-read-only}). In read-only | |
244 Forms mode, you cannot edit the fields; most Forms mode commands can be | |
245 accessed without the prefix @kbd{C-c} if you use the normal letter | |
246 instead (for example, type @kbd{n} instead of @kbd{C-c C-n}). In edit | |
247 mode, you can edit the fields and thus change the contents of the data | |
248 base; you must begin Forms mode commands with @code{C-c}. Switching | |
249 to edit mode is allowed only if you have write access to the data file. | |
250 | |
251 @findex forms-insert-record | |
252 @kindex C-c C-o | |
253 @item C-c C-o | |
254 Create a new record and insert it before the current record | |
255 (@code{forms-insert-record}). It starts out with empty (or default) | |
256 contents for its fields; you can then edit the fields. With a numeric | |
257 argument, the new record is created @emph{after} the current one. | |
258 See also @code{forms-modified-record-filter} in @ref{Modifying Forms | |
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259 Contents}. |
25829 | 260 |
261 @findex forms-delete-record | |
262 @kindex C-c C-k | |
263 @item C-c C-k | |
264 Delete the current record (@code{forms-delete-record}). You are | |
265 prompted for confirmation before the record is deleted unless a numeric | |
266 argument has been provided. | |
267 | |
268 @findex forms-search-forward | |
269 @kindex C-c C-s @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
270 @item C-c C-s @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
271 Search forward for @var{regexp} in all records following this one | |
272 (@code{forms-search-forward}). If found, this record is shown. | |
273 If you give an empty argument, the previous regexp is used again. | |
274 | |
275 @findex forms-search-backward | |
276 @kindex C-c C-r @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
277 @item C-c C-r @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
278 Search backward for @var{regexp} in all records following this one | |
279 (@code{forms-search-backward}). If found, this record is shown. | |
280 If you give an empty argument, the previous regexp is used again. | |
281 | |
282 @ignore | |
283 @findex forms-exit | |
284 @kindex C-c C-x | |
285 @item C-c C-x | |
286 Terminate Forms mode processing (@code{forms-exit}). The data file is | |
287 saved if it has been modified. | |
288 | |
289 @findex forms-exit-no-save | |
290 @item M-x forms-exit-no-save | |
291 Terminates forms mode processing without saving modified data first. | |
292 @end ignore | |
293 | |
294 @findex forms-prev-field | |
295 @item M-x forms-prev-field | |
296 Similar to @code{forms-next-field} but moves backwards. | |
297 | |
298 @findex forms-save-buffer | |
299 @item M-x forms-save-buffer | |
300 @kindex C-x C-s | |
301 @itemx C-x C-s | |
302 Forms mode replacement for @code{save-buffer}. When executed in the | |
303 forms buffer it will save the contents of the (modified) data buffer | |
304 instead. In Forms mode this function will be bound to @kbd{C-x C-s}. | |
305 | |
306 @findex forms-print | |
307 @item M-x forms-print | |
308 This command can be used to make a formatted print | |
309 of the contents of the data file. | |
310 | |
311 @end table | |
312 | |
313 In addition the command @kbd{M-x revert-buffer} is useful in Forms mode | |
314 just as in other modes. | |
315 | |
316 @ignore | |
317 @vindex forms-forms-scroll | |
318 @findex scroll-up | |
319 @findex scroll-down | |
320 If the variable @code{forms-forms-scrolls} is set to a value other | |
321 than @code{nil} (which it is, by default), the Emacs functions | |
322 @code{scroll-up} and @code{scroll-down} will perform a | |
323 @code{forms-next-record} and @code{forms-prev-record} when in forms | |
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324 mode. So you can use your favorite page commands to page through the |
25829 | 325 data file. |
326 | |
327 @vindex forms-forms-jump | |
328 @findex beginning-of-buffer | |
329 @findex end-of-buffer | |
330 Likewise, if the variable @code{forms-forms-jump} is not @code{nil} | |
331 (which it is, by default), Emacs functions @code{beginning-of-buffer} | |
332 and @code{end-of-buffer} will perform @code{forms-first-record} and | |
333 @code{forms-last-record} when in forms mode. | |
334 @end ignore | |
335 | |
336 The following function key definitions are set up in Forms mode | |
337 (whether read-only or not): | |
338 | |
339 @table @kbd | |
340 @kindex next | |
341 @item next | |
342 forms-next-record | |
343 | |
344 @kindex prior | |
345 @item prior | |
346 forms-prev-record | |
347 | |
348 @kindex begin | |
349 @item begin | |
350 forms-first-record | |
351 | |
352 @kindex end | |
353 @item end | |
354 forms-last-record | |
355 | |
356 @kindex S-Tab | |
357 @findex forms-prev-field | |
358 @item S-Tab | |
359 forms-prev-field | |
360 @end table | |
361 | |
362 @node Data File Format | |
363 @chapter Data File Format | |
364 | |
365 @cindex record | |
366 @cindex field | |
367 @vindex forms-field-sep | |
368 Files for use with Forms mode are very simple---each @dfn{record} | |
369 (usually one line) forms the contents of one form. Each record consists | |
370 of a number of @dfn{fields}, which are separated by the value of the | |
371 string @code{forms-field-sep}, which is @code{"\t"} (a Tab) by default. | |
372 | |
373 @vindex forms-read-file-filter | |
374 @vindex forms-write-file-filter | |
375 If the format of the data file is not suitable enough you can define the | |
376 filter functions @code{forms-read-file-filter} and | |
377 @code{forms-write-file-filter}. @code{forms-read-file-filter} is called | |
378 when the data file is read from disk into the data buffer. It operates | |
379 on the data buffer, ignoring read-only protections. When the data file | |
380 is saved to disk @code{forms-write-file-filter} is called to cancel the | |
381 effects of @code{forms-read-file-filter}. After being saved, | |
382 @code{forms-read-file-filter} is called again to prepare the data buffer | |
383 for further processing. | |
384 | |
385 @cindex pseudo-newline | |
386 @vindex forms-multi-line | |
387 Fields may contain text which shows up in the forms in multiple lines. | |
388 These lines are separated in the field using a ``pseudo-newline'' | |
389 character which is defined by the value of the string | |
390 @code{forms-multi-line}. Its default value is @code{"\^k"} (a Control-K | |
391 character). If it is | |
392 set to @code{nil}, multiple line fields are prohibited. | |
393 | |
394 If the data file does not exist, it is automatically created. | |
395 | |
396 @node Control File Format | |
397 @chapter Control File Format | |
398 | |
399 @cindex control file | |
400 The Forms mode @dfn{control file} serves two purposes. First, it names | |
401 the data file to use, and defines its format and properties. Second, | |
402 the Emacs buffer it occupies is used by Forms mode to display the forms. | |
403 | |
404 The contents of the control file are evaluated as a Lisp program. It | |
405 should set the following Lisp variables to suitable values: | |
406 | |
407 @table @code | |
408 @vindex forms-file | |
409 @item forms-file | |
410 This variable specifies the name of the data file. Example: | |
411 | |
412 @example | |
413 (setq forms-file "my/data-file") | |
414 @end example | |
415 | |
416 If the control file doesn't set @code{forms-file}, Forms mode | |
417 reports an error. | |
418 | |
419 @vindex forms-format-list | |
420 @item forms-format-list | |
421 This variable describes the way the fields of the record are formatted on | |
422 the screen. For details, see @ref{Format Description}. | |
423 | |
424 @vindex forms-number-of-fields | |
425 @item forms-number-of-fields | |
426 This variable holds the number of fields in each record of the data | |
427 file. Example: | |
428 | |
429 @example | |
430 (setq forms-number-of-fields 10) | |
431 @end example | |
432 @end table | |
433 | |
434 If the control file does not set @code{forms-format-list} a default | |
435 format is used. In this situation, Forms mode will deduce the number of | |
436 fields from the data file providing this file exists and | |
437 @code{forms-number-of-records} has not been set in the control file. | |
438 | |
439 The control file can optionally set the following additional Forms mode | |
440 variables. Most of them have default values that are good for most | |
441 applications. | |
442 | |
443 @table @code | |
444 @vindex forms-field-sep | |
445 @item forms-field-sep | |
446 This variable may be used to designate the string which separates the | |
447 fields in the records of the data file. If not set, it defaults to the | |
448 string @code{"\t"} (a Tab character). Example: | |
449 | |
450 @example | |
451 (setq forms-field-sep "\t") | |
452 @end example | |
453 | |
454 @vindex forms-read-only | |
455 @item forms-read-only | |
456 If the value is non-@code{nil}, the data file is treated read-only. (Forms | |
457 mode also treats the data file as read-only if you don't have access to | |
458 write it.) Example: | |
459 | |
460 @example | |
461 (set forms-read-only t) | |
462 @end example | |
463 | |
464 @vindex forms-multi-line | |
465 @item forms-multi-line | |
466 This variable specifies the @dfn{pseudo newline} separator that allows | |
467 multi-line fields. This separator goes between the ``lines'' within a | |
468 field---thus, the field doesn't really contain multiple lines, but it | |
469 appears that way when displayed in Forms mode. If the value is | |
470 @code{nil}, multi-line text fields are prohibited. The pseudo newline | |
471 must not be a character contained in @code{forms-field-sep}. | |
472 | |
473 The default value is @code{"\^k"}, the character Control-K. Example: | |
474 | |
475 @example | |
476 (setq forms-multi-line "\^k") | |
477 @end example | |
478 | |
479 @ignore | |
480 @vindex forms-forms-scroll | |
481 @item forms-forms-scroll | |
482 @xref{Forms Mode Commands}, for details. | |
483 | |
484 @vindex forms-forms-jump | |
485 @item forms-forms-jump | |
486 @xref{Forms Mode Commands}, for details. | |
487 @end ignore | |
488 | |
489 @findex forms-read-file-filter | |
490 @item forms-read-file-filter | |
491 This variable holds the name of a function to be called after the data | |
492 file has been read in. This can be used to transform the contents of the | |
493 data file into a format more suitable for forms processing. | |
494 If it is @code{nil}, no function is called. For example, to maintain a | |
495 gzipped database: | |
496 | |
497 @example | |
498 (defun gzip-read-file-filter () | |
499 (shell-command-on-region (point-min) (point-max) | |
500 "gzip -d" t t)) | |
501 (setq forms-read-file-filter 'gzip-read-file-filter) | |
502 @end example | |
503 | |
504 @findex forms-write-file-filter | |
505 @item forms-write-file-filter | |
506 This variable holds the name of a function to be called before writing | |
507 out the contents of the data file. | |
508 This can be used to undo the effects of @code{forms-read-file-filter}. | |
509 If it is @code{nil}, no function is called. Example: | |
510 | |
511 @example | |
512 (defun gzip-write-file-filter () | |
513 (make-variable-buffer-local 'require-final-newline) | |
514 (setq require-final-newline nil) | |
515 (shell-command-on-region (point-min) (point-max) | |
516 "gzip" t t)) | |
517 (setq forms-write-file-filter 'gzip-write-file-filter) | |
518 @end example | |
519 | |
520 @findex forms-new-record-filter | |
521 @item forms-new-record-filter | |
522 This variable holds a function to be called whenever a new record is created | |
523 to supply default values for fields. If it is @code{nil}, no function is | |
524 called. | |
525 @xref{Modifying Forms Contents}, for details. | |
526 | |
527 @findex forms-modified-record-filter | |
528 @item forms-modified-record-filter | |
529 This variable holds a function to be called whenever a record is | |
530 modified, just before updating the Forms data file. If it is | |
531 @code{nil}, no function is called. | |
532 @xref{Modifying Forms Contents}, for details. | |
533 | |
534 @findex forms-insert-after | |
535 @item forms-insert-after | |
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536 If this variable is not @code{nil}, new records are created @emph{after} the |
25829 | 537 current record. Also, upon visiting a file, the initial position will be |
538 at the last record instead of the first one. | |
539 | |
540 @findex forms-check-number-of-fields | |
541 @item forms-check-number-of-fields | |
542 Normally each record is checked to contain the correct number of fields. | |
543 Under certain circumstances, this can be undesirable. | |
544 If this variable is set to @code{nil}, these checks will be bypassed. | |
545 @end table | |
546 | |
547 @node Format Description | |
548 @chapter The Format Description | |
549 | |
550 @vindex forms-format-list | |
551 The variable @code{forms-format-list} specifies the format of the data | |
552 in the data file, and how to convert the data for display in Forms mode. | |
553 Its value must be a list of Forms mode @dfn{formatting elements}, each | |
554 of which can be a string, a number, a Lisp list, or a Lisp symbol that | |
555 evaluates to one of those. The formatting elements are processed in the | |
556 order they appear in the list. | |
557 | |
558 @table @var | |
559 @item string | |
560 A string formatting element is inserted in the forms ``as is,'' as text | |
561 that the user cannot alter. | |
562 | |
563 @item number | |
564 A number element selects a field of the record. The contents of this | |
565 field are inserted in the display at this point. Field numbers count | |
566 starting from 1 (one). | |
567 | |
568 @item list | |
569 A formatting element that is a list specifies a function call. This | |
570 function is called every time a record is displayed, and its result, | |
571 which must be a string, is inserted in the display text. The function | |
572 should do nothing but returning a string. | |
573 | |
574 @vindex forms-fields | |
575 The function you call can access the fields of the record as a list in | |
576 the variable | |
577 @code{forms-fields}. | |
578 | |
579 @item symbol | |
580 A symbol used as a formatting element should evaluate to a string, number, | |
581 or list; the value is interpreted as a formatting element, as described | |
582 above. | |
583 @end table | |
584 | |
585 If a record does not contain the number of fields as specified in | |
586 @code{forms-number-of-fields}, a warning message will be printed. Excess | |
587 fields are ignored, missing fields are set to empty. | |
588 | |
589 The control file which displays @file{/etc/passwd} file as demonstrated | |
590 in the beginning of this manual might look as follows: | |
591 | |
592 @example | |
593 ;; @r{This demo visits @file{/etc/passwd}.} | |
594 | |
595 (setq forms-file "/etc/passwd") | |
596 (setq forms-number-of-fields 7) | |
597 (setq forms-read-only t) ; @r{to make sure} | |
598 (setq forms-field-sep ":") | |
599 ;; @r{Don't allow multi-line fields.} | |
600 (setq forms-multi-line nil) | |
601 | |
602 (setq forms-format-list | |
603 (list | |
604 "====== /etc/passwd ======\n\n" | |
605 "User : " 1 | |
606 " Uid: " 3 | |
607 " Gid: " 4 | |
608 "\n\n" | |
609 "Name : " 5 | |
610 "\n\n" | |
611 "Home : " 6 | |
612 "\n\n" | |
613 "Shell: " 7 | |
614 "\n")) | |
615 @end example | |
616 | |
617 When you construct the value of @code{forms-format-list}, you should | |
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618 usually either quote the whole value, like this, |
25829 | 619 |
620 @example | |
621 (setq forms-format-list | |
622 '( | |
623 "====== " forms-file " ======\n\n" | |
624 "User : " 1 | |
625 (make-string 20 ?-) | |
626 @dots{} | |
627 )) | |
628 @end example | |
629 | |
630 @noindent | |
631 or quote the elements which are lists, like this: | |
632 | |
633 @example | |
634 (setq forms-format-list | |
635 (list | |
636 "====== " forms-file " ======\n\n" | |
637 "User : " 1 | |
638 '(make-string 20 ?-) | |
639 @dots{} | |
640 )) | |
641 @end example | |
642 | |
643 Forms mode validates the contents of @code{forms-format-list} when you | |
644 visit a database. If there are errors, processing is aborted with an | |
645 error message which includes a descriptive text. @xref{Error Messages}, | |
646 for a detailed list of error messages. | |
647 | |
648 If no @code{forms-format-list} is specified, Forms mode will supply a | |
649 default format list. This list contains the name of the file being | |
650 visited, and a simple label for each field indicating the field number. | |
651 | |
652 @node Modifying Forms Contents | |
653 @chapter Modifying The Forms Contents | |
654 | |
655 If @code{forms-read-only} is @code{nil}, the user can modify the fields | |
656 and records of the database. | |
657 | |
658 All normal editing commands are available for editing the contents of the | |
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659 displayed record. You cannot delete or modify the fixed, explanatory |
25829 | 660 text that comes from string formatting elements, but you can modify the |
661 actual field contents. | |
662 | |
663 @ignore | |
664 @c This is for the Emacs 18 version only. | |
665 If the contents of the forms cannot be recognized properly, this is | |
666 signaled using a descriptive text. @xref{Error Messages}, for more info. | |
667 The cursor will indicate the last part of the forms which was | |
668 successfully parsed. It's important to avoid entering field contents | |
669 that would cause confusion with the field-separating fixed text. | |
670 @end ignore | |
671 | |
672 If the variable @code{forms-modified-record-filter} is non-@code{nil}, | |
673 it is called as a function before the new data is written to the data | |
674 file. The function receives one argument, a vector that contains the | |
675 contents of the fields of the record. | |
676 | |
677 The function can refer to fields with @code{aref} and modify them with | |
678 @code{aset}. The first field has number 1 (one); thus, element 0 of the | |
679 vector is not used. The function should return the same vector it was | |
680 passed; the (possibly modified) contents of the vector determine what is | |
681 actually written in the file. Here is an example: | |
682 | |
683 @example | |
684 (defun my-modified-record-filter (record) | |
685 ;; @r{Modify second field.} | |
686 (aset record 2 (current-time-string)) | |
687 ;; @r{Return the field vector.} | |
688 record) | |
689 | |
690 (setq forms-modified-record-filter 'my-modified-record-filter) | |
691 @end example | |
692 | |
693 If the variable @code{forms-new-record-filter} is non-@code{nil}, its | |
694 value is a function to be called to fill in default values for the | |
695 fields of a new record. The function is passed a vector of empty | |
696 strings, one for each field; it should return the same vector, with | |
697 the desired field values stored in it. Fields are numbered starting | |
698 from 1 (one). Example: | |
699 | |
700 @example | |
701 (defun my-new-record-filter (fields) | |
702 (aset fields 5 (login-name)) | |
703 (aset fields 1 (current-time-string)) | |
704 fields) | |
705 | |
706 (setq forms-new-record-filter 'my-new-record-filter) | |
707 @end example | |
708 | |
709 @node Miscellaneous | |
710 @chapter Miscellaneous | |
711 | |
712 @vindex forms-version | |
713 The global variable @code{forms-version} holds the version information | |
714 of the Forms mode software. | |
715 | |
716 @findex forms-enumerate | |
717 It is very convenient to use symbolic names for the fields in a record. | |
718 The function @code{forms-enumerate} provides an elegant means to define | |
719 a series of variables whose values are consecutive integers. The | |
720 function returns the highest number used, so it can be used to set | |
721 @code{forms-number-of-fields} also. For example: | |
722 | |
723 @example | |
724 (setq forms-number-of-fields | |
725 (forms-enumerate | |
726 '(field1 field2 field3 @dots{}))) | |
727 @end example | |
728 | |
729 This sets @code{field1} to 1, @code{field2} to 2, and so on. | |
730 | |
731 Care has been taken to keep the Forms mode variables buffer-local, so it | |
732 is possible to visit multiple files in Forms mode simultaneously, even | |
733 if they have different properties. | |
734 | |
735 @findex forms-mode | |
736 If you have visited the control file in normal fashion with | |
737 @code{find-file} or a like command, you can switch to Forms mode with | |
738 the command @code{M-x forms-mode}. If you put @samp{-*- forms -*-} in | |
739 the first line of the control file, then visiting it enables Forms mode | |
740 automatically. But this makes it hard to edit the control file itself, | |
741 so you'd better think twice before using this. | |
742 | |
743 The default format for the data file, using @code{"\t"} to separate | |
744 fields and @code{"\^k"} to separate lines within a field, matches the | |
745 file format of some popular database programs, e.g. FileMaker. So | |
746 @code{forms-mode} can decrease the need to use proprietary software. | |
747 | |
748 @node Error Messages | |
749 @chapter Error Messages | |
750 | |
751 This section describes all error messages which can be generated by | |
752 forms mode. Error messages that result from parsing the control file | |
753 all start with the text @samp{Forms control file error}. Messages | |
754 generated while analyzing the definition of @code{forms-format-list} | |
755 start with @samp{Forms format error}. | |
756 | |
757 @table @code | |
758 @item Forms control file error: `forms-file' has not been set | |
759 The variable @code{forms-file} was not set by the control file. | |
760 | |
761 @item Forms control file error: `forms-number-of-fields' has not been set | |
762 The variable @code{forms-number-of-fields} was not set by the control | |
763 file. | |
764 | |
765 @item Forms control file error: `forms-number-of-fields' must be a number > 0 | |
766 The variable @code{forms-number-of-fields} did not contain a positive | |
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767 number. |
25829 | 768 |
769 @item Forms control file error: `forms-field-sep' is not a string | |
770 @itemx Forms control file error: `forms-multi-line' must be nil or a one-character string | |
771 The variable @code{forms-multi-line} was set to something other than | |
772 @code{nil} or a single-character string. | |
773 | |
774 @item Forms control file error: `forms-multi-line' is equal to 'forms-field-sep' | |
775 The variable @code{forms-multi-line} may not be equal to | |
776 @code{forms-field-sep} for this would make it impossible to distinguish | |
777 fields and the lines in the fields. | |
778 | |
779 @item Forms control file error: `forms-new-record-filter' is not a function | |
780 @itemx Forms control file error: `forms-modified-record-filter' is not a function | |
781 The variable has been set to something else than a function. | |
782 | |
783 @item Forms control file error: `forms-format-list' is not a list | |
784 The variable @code{forms-format-list} was not set to a Lisp list | |
785 by the control file. | |
786 | |
787 @item Forms format error: field number @var{xx} out of range 1..@var{nn} | |
788 A field number was supplied in @code{forms-format-list} with a value of | |
789 @var{xx}, which was not greater than zero and smaller than or equal to | |
790 the number of fields in the forms, @var{nn}. | |
791 | |
792 @item Forms format error: @var{fun} is not a function | |
793 The first element of a list which is an element of | |
794 @code{forms-format-list} was not a valid Lisp function. | |
795 | |
796 @item Forms format error: invalid element @var{xx} | |
797 A list element was supplied in @code{forms-format-list} which was not a | |
798 string, number or list. | |
799 | |
800 @ignore | |
801 @c This applies to Emacs 18 only. | |
802 @c Error messages generated while a modified form is being analyzed. | |
803 | |
804 @item Parse error: not looking at `...' | |
805 When re-parsing the contents of a forms, the text shown could not | |
806 be found. | |
807 | |
808 @item Parse error: cannot find `...' | |
809 When re-parsing the contents of a forms, the text shown, which | |
810 separates two fields, could not be found. | |
811 | |
812 @item Parse error: cannot parse adjacent fields @var{xx} and @var{yy} | |
813 Fields @var{xx} and @var{yy} were not separated by text, so could not be | |
814 parsed again. | |
815 @end ignore | |
816 | |
817 @item Warning: this record has @var{xx} fields instead of @var{yy} | |
818 The number of fields in this record in the data file did not match | |
819 @code{forms-number-of-fields}. Missing fields will be made empty. | |
820 | |
821 @item Multi-line fields in this record - update refused! | |
822 The current record contains newline characters, hence can not be written | |
823 back to the data file, for it would corrupt it. Probably you inserted a | |
824 newline in a field, while @code{forms-multi-line} was @code{nil}. | |
825 | |
826 @item Field separator occurs in record - update refused! | |
827 The current record contains the field separator string inside one of the | |
828 fields. It can not be written back to the data file, for it would | |
829 corrupt it. Probably you inserted the field separator string in a field. | |
830 | |
831 @item Record number @var{xx} out of range 1..@var{yy} | |
832 A jump was made to non-existing record @var{xx}. @var{yy} denotes the | |
833 number of records in the file. | |
834 | |
835 @item Stuck at record @var{xx} | |
836 An internal error prevented a specific record from being retrieved. | |
837 | |
838 @item No write access to @code{"}@var{file}@code{"} | |
839 An attempt was made to enable edit mode on a file that has been write | |
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840 protected. |
25829 | 841 |
842 @item Search failed: @var{regexp} | |
843 The @var{regexp} could not be found in the data file. Forward searching | |
844 is done from the current location until the end of the file, then | |
845 retrying from the beginning of the file until the current location. | |
846 Backward searching is done from the current location until the beginning | |
847 of the file, then retrying from the end of the file until the current | |
848 location. | |
849 | |
850 @item Wrapped | |
851 A search completed successfully after wrapping around. | |
852 | |
853 @item Warning: number of records changed to @var{nn} | |
854 Forms mode's idea of the number of records has been adjusted to the | |
855 number of records actually present in the data file. | |
856 | |
857 @item Problem saving buffers? | |
858 An error occurred while saving the data file buffer. Most likely, Emacs | |
859 did ask to confirm deleting the buffer because it had been modified, and | |
860 you said `no'. | |
861 @end table | |
862 | |
863 @node Long Example | |
864 @chapter Long Example | |
865 | |
866 The following example exploits most of the features of Forms mode. | |
867 This example is included in the distribution as file @file{forms-d2.el}. | |
868 | |
869 @example | |
870 ;; demo2 -- demo forms-mode -*- emacs-lisp -*- | |
871 | |
872 ;; @r{This sample forms exploit most of the features of forms mode.} | |
873 | |
874 ;; @r{Set the name of the data file.} | |
875 (setq forms-file "forms-d2.dat") | |
876 | |
877 ;; @r{Use @code{forms-enumerate} to set field names and number thereof.} | |
878 (setq forms-number-of-fields | |
879 (forms-enumerate | |
880 '(arch-newsgroup ; 1 | |
881 arch-volume ; 2 | |
882 arch-issue ; and ... | |
883 arch-article ; ... so | |
884 arch-shortname ; ... ... on | |
885 arch-parts | |
886 arch-from | |
887 arch-longname | |
888 arch-keywords | |
889 arch-date | |
890 arch-remarks))) | |
891 | |
892 ;; @r{The following functions are used by this form for layout purposes.} | |
893 ;; | |
894 (defun arch-tocol (target &optional fill) | |
895 "Produces a string to skip to column TARGET. | |
896 Prepends newline if needed. | |
897 The optional FILL should be a character, used to fill to the column." | |
898 (if (null fill) | |
899 (setq fill ? )) | |
900 (if (< target (current-column)) | |
901 (concat "\n" (make-string target fill)) | |
902 (make-string (- target (current-column)) fill))) | |
903 ;; | |
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904 (defun arch-rj (target field &optional fill) |
25829 | 905 "Produces a string to skip to column TARGET\ |
906 minus the width of field FIELD. | |
907 Prepends newline if needed. | |
908 The optional FILL should be a character, | |
909 used to fill to the column." | |
910 (arch-tocol (- target (length (nth field forms-fields))) fill)) | |
911 | |
912 ;; @r{Record filters.} | |
913 ;; | |
914 (defun new-record-filter (the-record) | |
915 "Form a new record with some defaults." | |
916 (aset the-record arch-from (user-full-name)) | |
917 (aset the-record arch-date (current-time-string)) | |
918 the-record) ; return it | |
919 (setq forms-new-record-filter 'new-record-filter) | |
920 | |
921 ;; @r{The format list.} | |
922 (setq forms-format-list | |
923 (list | |
924 "====== Public Domain Software Archive ======\n\n" | |
925 arch-shortname | |
926 " - " arch-longname | |
927 "\n\n" | |
928 "Article: " arch-newsgroup | |
929 "/" arch-article | |
930 " " | |
931 '(arch-tocol 40) | |
932 "Issue: " arch-issue | |
933 " " | |
934 '(arch-rj 73 10) | |
935 "Date: " arch-date | |
936 "\n\n" | |
937 "Submitted by: " arch-from | |
938 "\n" | |
939 '(arch-tocol 79 ?-) | |
940 "\n" | |
941 "Keywords: " arch-keywords | |
942 "\n\n" | |
943 "Parts: " arch-parts | |
944 "\n\n====== Remarks ======\n\n" | |
945 arch-remarks | |
946 )) | |
947 | |
948 ;; @r{That's all, folks!} | |
949 @end example | |
950 | |
951 @node Credits | |
952 @chapter Credits | |
953 | |
954 Bug fixes and other useful suggestions were supplied by | |
955 Harald Hanche-Olsen (@code{hanche@@imf.unit.no}), | |
956 @code{cwitty@@portia.stanford.edu}, | |
957 Jonathan I. Kamens, | |
958 Per Cederqvist (@code{ceder@@signum.se}), | |
959 Michael Lipka (@code{lipka@@lip.hanse.de}), | |
960 Andy Piper (@code{ajp@@eng.cam.ac.uk}), | |
961 Frederic Pierresteguy (@code{F.Pierresteguy@@frcl.bull.fr}), | |
962 Ignatios Souvatzis | |
963 and Richard Stallman (@code{rms@@gnu.org}). | |
964 | |
965 This documentation was slightly inspired by the documentation of ``rolo | |
966 mode'' by Paul Davis at Schlumberger Cambridge Research | |
967 (@code{davis%scrsu1%sdr.slb.com@@relay.cs.net}). | |
968 | |
969 None of this would have been possible without GNU Emacs of the Free | |
970 Software Foundation. Thanks, Richard! | |
971 | |
77235 | 972 @node GNU Free Documentation License |
973 @appendix GNU Free Documentation License | |
974 @include doclicense.texi | |
975 | |
25829 | 976 @node Index |
977 @unnumbered Index | |
978 @printindex cp | |
979 | |
980 @contents | |
981 @bye | |
52401 | 982 |
983 @ignore | |
984 arch-tag: 2ac9810b-aa49-4ea6-8030-d7f1ecd467ed | |
985 @end ignore |