annotate lispref/edebug.texi @ 23018:114211878bf9

(which-func-modes): Add fortran-mode.
author Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
date Fri, 14 Aug 1998 08:40:13 +0000
parents dfac7398266b
children 467b88fab665
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1 @comment -*-texinfo-*-
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2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual.
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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4 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions.
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5
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6 @c This file can also be used by an independent Edebug User
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7 @c Manual in which case the Edebug node below should be used
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8 @c with the following links to the Bugs section and to the top level:
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9
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10 @c , Bugs and Todo List, Top, Top
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11
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12 @node Edebug, Syntax Errors, Debugger, Debugging
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13 @section Edebug
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14 @cindex Edebug mode
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15
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16 @cindex Edebug
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17 Edebug is a source-level debugger for Emacs Lisp programs with which
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18 you can:
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19
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20 @itemize @bullet
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21 @item
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22 Step through evaluation, stopping before and after each expression.
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23
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24 @item
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25 Set conditional or unconditional breakpoints.
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26
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27 @item
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28 Stop when a specified condition is true (the global break event).
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29
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30 @item
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31 Trace slow or fast, stopping briefly at each stop point, or
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32 at each breakpoint.
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33
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34 @item
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35 Display expression results and evaluate expressions as if outside of
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36 Edebug.
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37
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38 @item
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39 Automatically re-evaluate a list of expressions and
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40 display their results each time Edebug updates the display.
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41
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42 @item
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43 Output trace info on function enter and exit.
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44
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45 @item
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46 Stop when an error occurs.
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47
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48 @item
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49 Display a backtrace, omitting Edebug's own frames.
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50
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51 @item
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52 Specify argument evaluation for macros and defining forms.
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53
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54 @item
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55 Obtain rudimentary coverage testing and frequency counts.
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56 @end itemize
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57
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58 The first three sections below should tell you enough about Edebug to
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59 enable you to use it.
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60
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61 @menu
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62 * Using Edebug:: Introduction to use of Edebug.
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63 * Instrumenting:: You must instrument your code
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64 in order to debug it with Edebug.
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65 * Modes: Edebug Execution Modes. Execution modes, stopping more or less often.
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66 * Jumping:: Commands to jump to a specified place.
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67 * Misc: Edebug Misc. Miscellaneous commands.
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68 * Breakpoints:: Setting breakpoints to make the program stop.
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69 * Trapping Errors:: trapping errors with Edebug.
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70 * Views: Edebug Views. Views inside and outside of Edebug.
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71 * Eval: Edebug Eval. Evaluating expressions within Edebug.
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72 * Eval List:: Expressions whose values are displayed
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73 each time you enter Edebug.
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74 * Printing in Edebug:: Customization of printing.
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75 * Trace Buffer:: How to produce trace output in a buffer.
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76 * Coverage Testing:: How to test evaluation coverage.
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77 * The Outside Context:: Data that Edebug saves and restores.
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78 * Instrumenting Macro Calls:: Specifying how to handle macro calls.
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79 * Options: Edebug Options. Option variables for customizing Edebug.
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80 @end menu
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81
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82 @node Using Edebug
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83 @subsection Using Edebug
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84
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85 To debug a Lisp program with Edebug, you must first @dfn{instrument}
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86 the Lisp code that you want to debug. A simple way to do this is to
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87 first move point into the definition of a function or macro and then do
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88 @kbd{C-u C-M-x} (@code{eval-defun} with a prefix argument). See
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89 @ref{Instrumenting}, for alternative ways to instrument code.
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90
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91 Once a function is instrumented, any call to the function activates
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92 Edebug. Activating Edebug may stop execution and let you step through
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93 the function, or it may update the display and continue execution while
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94 checking for debugging commands, depending on which Edebug execution
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95 mode you have selected. The default execution mode is step, which does
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96 stop execution. @xref{Edebug Execution Modes}.
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97
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98 Within Edebug, you normally view an Emacs buffer showing the source of
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99 the Lisp code you are debugging. This is referred to as the @dfn{source
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100 code buffer}. This buffer is temporarily read-only.
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101
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102 An arrow at the left margin indicates the line where the function is
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103 executing. Point initially shows where within the line the function is
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104 executing, but this ceases to be true if you move point yourself.
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105
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106 If you instrument the definition of @code{fac} (shown below) and then
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107 execute @code{(fac 3)}, here is what you normally see. Point is at the
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108 open-parenthesis before @code{if}.
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109
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110 @example
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111 (defun fac (n)
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112 =>@point{}(if (< 0 n)
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113 (* n (fac (1- n)))
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114 1))
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115 @end example
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116
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117 @cindex stop points
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118 The places within a function where Edebug can stop execution are called
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119 @dfn{stop points}. These occur both before and after each subexpression
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120 that is a list, and also after each variable reference.
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121 Here we show with periods the stop points found in the function
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122 @code{fac}:
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123
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124 @example
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125 (defun fac (n)
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126 .(if .(< 0 n.).
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127 .(* n. .(fac (1- n.).).).
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128 1).)
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129 @end example
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130
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131 The special commands of Edebug are available in the source code buffer
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132 in addition to the commands of Emacs Lisp mode. For example, you can
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133 type the Edebug command @key{SPC} to execute until the next stop point.
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134 If you type @key{SPC} once after entry to @code{fac}, here is the
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135 display you will see:
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136
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137 @example
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138 (defun fac (n)
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139 =>(if @point{}(< 0 n)
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140 (* n (fac (1- n)))
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141 1))
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142 @end example
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143
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144 When Edebug stops execution after an expression, it displays the
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145 expression's value in the echo area.
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146
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147 Other frequently used commands are @kbd{b} to set a breakpoint at a stop
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148 point, @kbd{g} to execute until a breakpoint is reached, and @kbd{q} to
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149 exit Edebug and return to the top-level command loop. Type @kbd{?} to
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150 display a list of all Edebug commands.
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151
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152 @node Instrumenting
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153 @subsection Instrumenting for Edebug
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154
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155 In order to use Edebug to debug Lisp code, you must first
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156 @dfn{instrument} the code. Instrumenting code inserts additional code
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157 into it, to invoke Edebug at the proper places.
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158
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159 @kindex C-M-x
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160 @findex eval-defun (Edebug)
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161 Once you have loaded Edebug, the command @kbd{C-M-x}
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162 (@code{eval-defun}) is redefined so that when invoked with a prefix
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163 argument on a definition, it instruments the definition before
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164 evaluating it. (The source code itself is not modified.) If the
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165 variable @code{edebug-all-defs} is non-@code{nil}, that inverts the
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166 meaning of the prefix argument: then @kbd{C-M-x} instruments the
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167 definition @emph{unless} it has a prefix argument. The default value of
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168 @code{edebug-all-defs} is @code{nil}. The command @kbd{M-x
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169 edebug-all-defs} toggles the value of the variable
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170 @code{edebug-all-defs}.
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171
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172 @findex eval-region @r{(Edebug)}
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173 @findex eval-current-buffer @r{(Edebug)}
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174 If @code{edebug-all-defs} is non-@code{nil}, then the commands
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175 @code{eval-region}, @code{eval-current-buffer}, and @code{eval-buffer}
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176 also instrument any definitions they evaluate. Similarly,
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177 @code{edebug-all-forms} controls whether @code{eval-region} should
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178 instrument @emph{any} form, even non-defining forms. This doesn't apply
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179 to loading or evaluations in the minibuffer. The command @kbd{M-x
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180 edebug-all-forms} toggles this option.
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181
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182 @findex edebug-eval-top-level-form
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183 Another command, @kbd{M-x edebug-eval-top-level-form}, is available to
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184 instrument any top-level form regardless of the values of
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185 @code{edebug-all-defs} and @code{edebug-all-forms}.
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186
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187 While Edebug is active, the command @kbd{I}
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188 (@code{edebug-instrument-callee}) instruments the definition of the
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189 function or macro called by the list form after point, if is not already
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190 instrumented. This is possible only if Edebug knows where to find the
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191 source for that function; after loading Edebug, @code{eval-region}
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192 records the position of every definition it evaluates, even if not
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193 instrumenting it. See also the @kbd{i} command (@pxref{Jumping}), which
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194 steps into the call after instrumenting the function.
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195
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196 @cindex special forms (Edebug)
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197 @cindex interactive commands (Edebug)
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198 @cindex anonymous lambda expressions (Edebug)
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199 @cindex Common Lisp (Edebug)
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200 @pindex cl.el @r{(Edebug)}
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201 @pindex cl-specs.el
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202 Edebug knows how to instrument all the standard special forms,
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203 @code{interactive} forms with an expression argument, anonymous lambda
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204 expressions, and other defining forms. Edebug cannot know what a
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205 user-defined macro will do with the arguments of a macro call, so you
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206 must tell it; see @ref{Instrumenting Macro Calls}, for details.
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207
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208 When Edebug is about to instrument code for the first time in a
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209 session, it runs the hook @code{edebug-setup-hook}, then sets it to
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210 @code{nil}. You can use this to arrange to load Edebug specifications
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211 (@pxref{Instrumenting Macro Calls}) associated with a package you are
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212 using, but actually load them only if you use Edebug.
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213
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214 @findex eval-expression @r{(Edebug)}
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215 To remove instrumentation from a definition, simply re-evaluate its
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216 definition in a way that does not instrument. There are two ways of
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217 evaluating forms that never instrument them: from a file with
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218 @code{load}, and from the minibuffer with @code{eval-expression}
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219 (@kbd{M-:}).
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220
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221 If Edebug detects a syntax error while instrumenting, it leaves point
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222 at the erroneous code and signals an @code{invalid-read-syntax} error.
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223
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224 @xref{Edebug Eval}, for other evaluation functions available
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225 inside of Edebug.
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226
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227 @node Edebug Execution Modes
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228 @subsection Edebug Execution Modes
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229
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230 @cindex Edebug execution modes
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231 Edebug supports several execution modes for running the program you are
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232 debugging. We call these alternatives @dfn{Edebug execution modes}; do
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233 not confuse them with major or minor modes. The current Edebug execution mode
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234 determines how far Edebug continues execution before stopping---whether
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235 it stops at each stop point, or continues to the next breakpoint, for
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236 example---and how much Edebug displays the progress of the evaluation
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237 before it stops.
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238
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239 Normally, you specify the Edebug execution mode by typing a command to
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240 continue the program in a certain mode. Here is a table of these
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241 commands. All except for @kbd{S} resume execution of the program, at
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242 least for a certain distance.
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243
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244 @table @kbd
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245 @item S
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246 Stop: don't execute any more of the program for now, just wait for more
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247 Edebug commands (@code{edebug-stop}).
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248
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249 @item @key{SPC}
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250 Step: stop at the next stop point encountered (@code{edebug-step-mode}).
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251
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252 @item n
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253 Next: stop at the next stop point encountered after an expression
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254 (@code{edebug-next-mode}). Also see @code{edebug-forward-sexp} in
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255 @ref{Edebug Misc}.
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256
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257 @item t
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258 Trace: pause one second at each Edebug stop point (@code{edebug-trace-mode}).
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259
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260 @item T
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261 Rapid trace: update the display at each stop point, but don't actually
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262 pause (@code{edebug-Trace-fast-mode}).
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263
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264 @item g
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265 Go: run until the next breakpoint (@code{edebug-go-mode}). @xref{Breakpoints}.
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266
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267 @item c
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268 Continue: pause one second at each breakpoint, and then continue
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269 (@code{edebug-continue-mode}).
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270
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271 @item C
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272 Rapid continue: move point to each breakpoint, but don't pause
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273 (@code{edebug-Continue-fast-mode}).
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274
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275 @item G
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276 Go non-stop: ignore breakpoints (@code{edebug-Go-nonstop-mode}). You
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277 can still stop the program by typing @kbd{S}, or any editing command.
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278 @end table
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279
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280 In general, the execution modes earlier in the above list run the
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281 program more slowly or stop sooner than the modes later in the list.
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282
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283 While executing or tracing, you can interrupt the execution by typing
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284 any Edebug command. Edebug stops the program at the next stop point and
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285 then executes the command you typed. For example, typing @kbd{t} during
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286 execution switches to trace mode at the next stop point. You can use
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287 @kbd{S} to stop execution without doing anything else.
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288
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289 If your function happens to read input, a character you type intending
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290 to interrupt execution may be read by the function instead. You can
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291 avoid such unintended results by paying attention to when your program
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292 wants input.
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293
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294 @cindex keyboard macros (Edebug)
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295 Keyboard macros containing the commands in this section do not
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296 completely work: exiting from Edebug, to resume the program, loses track
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297 of the keyboard macro. This is not easy to fix. Also, defining or
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298 executing a keyboard macro outside of Edebug does not affect commands
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299 inside Edebug. This is usually an advantage. But see the
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300 @code{edebug-continue-kbd-macro} option (@pxref{Edebug Options}).
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301
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302 When you enter a new Edebug level, the initial execution mode comes from
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303 the value of the variable @code{edebug-initial-mode}. By default, this
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304 specifies step mode. Note that you may reenter the same Edebug level
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305 several times if, for example, an instrumented function is called
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306 several times from one command.
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307
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308
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309 @node Jumping
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310 @subsection Jumping
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311
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312 The commands described in this section execute until they reach a
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313 specified location. All except @kbd{i} make a temporary breakpoint to
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314 establish the place to stop, then switch to go mode. Any other
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315 breakpoint reached before the intended stop point will also stop
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316 execution. @xref{Breakpoints}, for the details on breakpoints.
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317
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318 These commands may fail to work as expected in case of nonlocal exit,
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319 because a nonlocal exit can bypass the temporary breakpoint where you
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320 expected the program to stop.
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321
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322 @table @kbd
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323 @item h
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324 Proceed to the stop point near where point is (@code{edebug-goto-here}).
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325
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326 @item f
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327 Run the program forward over one expression
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328 (@code{edebug-forward-sexp}).
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329
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330 @item o
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331 Run the program until the end of the containing sexp.
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332
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333 @item i
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334 Step into the function or macro called by the form after point.
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335 @end table
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336
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337 The @kbd{h} command proceeds to the stop point near the current location
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338 of point, using a temporary breakpoint. See @ref{Breakpoints}, for more
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339 information about breakpoints.
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340
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341 The @kbd{f} command runs the program forward over one expression. More
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342 precisely, it sets a temporary breakpoint at the position that
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343 @kbd{C-M-f} would reach, then executes in go mode so that the program
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344 will stop at breakpoints.
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345
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346 With a prefix argument @var{n}, the temporary breakpoint is placed
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347 @var{n} sexps beyond point. If the containing list ends before @var{n}
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348 more elements, then the place to stop is after the containing
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349 expression.
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350
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351 Be careful that the position @kbd{C-M-f} finds is a place that the
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352 program will really get to; this may not be true in a
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353 @code{cond}, for example.
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354
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355 The @kbd{f} command does @code{forward-sexp} starting at point, rather
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356 than at the stop point, for flexibility. If you want to execute one
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357 expression @emph{from the current stop point}, type @kbd{w} first, to
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358 move point there, and then type @kbd{f}.
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359
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360 The @kbd{o} command continues ``out of'' an expression. It places a
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361 temporary breakpoint at the end of the sexp containing point. If the
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362 containing sexp is a function definition itself, @kbd{o} continues until
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363 just before the last sexp in the definition. If that is where you are
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364 now, it returns from the function and then stops. In other words, this
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365 command does not exit the currently executing function unless you are
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366 positioned after the last sexp.
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367
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368 The @kbd{i} command steps into the function or macro called by the list
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369 form after point, and stops at its first stop point. Note that the form
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370 need not be the one about to be evaluated. But if the form is a
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371 function call about to be evaluated, remember to use this command before
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372 any of the arguments are evaluated, since otherwise it will be too late.
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373
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374 The @kbd{i} command instruments the function or macro it's supposed to
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375 step into, if it isn't instrumented already. This is convenient, but keep
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376 in mind that the function or macro remains instrumented unless you explicitly
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377 arrange to deinstrument it.
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378
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379 @node Edebug Misc
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380 @subsection Miscellaneous Edebug Commands
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381
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382 Some miscellaneous Edebug commands are described here.
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383
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384 @table @kbd
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385 @item ?
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386 Display the help message for Edebug (@code{edebug-help}).
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387
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388 @item C-]
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389 Abort one level back to the previous command level
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390 (@code{abort-recursive-edit}).
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391
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392 @item q
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393 Return to the top level editor command loop (@code{top-level}). This
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394 exits all recursive editing levels, including all levels of Edebug
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395 activity. However, instrumented code protected with
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396 @code{unwind-protect} or @code{condition-case} forms may resume
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397 debugging.
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398
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399 @item Q
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400 Like @kbd{q} but don't stop even for protected code
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401 (@code{top-level-nonstop}).
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402
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403 @item r
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404 Redisplay the most recently known expression result in the echo area
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405 (@code{edebug-previous-result}).
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406
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407 @item d
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408 Display a backtrace, excluding Edebug's own functions for clarity
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409 (@code{edebug-backtrace}).
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410
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411 You cannot use debugger commands in the backtrace buffer in Edebug as
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412 you would in the standard debugger.
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413
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414 The backtrace buffer is killed automatically when you continue
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415 execution.
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416 @end table
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417
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418 From the Edebug recursive edit, you may invoke commands that activate
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419 Edebug again recursively. Any time Edebug is active, you can quit to
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420 the top level with @kbd{q} or abort one recursive edit level with
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421 @kbd{C-]}. You can display a backtrace of all the
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422 pending evaluations with @kbd{d}.
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423
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424 @node Breakpoints
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425 @subsection Breakpoints
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426
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427 @cindex breakpoints
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428 Edebug's step mode stops execution at the next stop point reached.
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429 There are three other ways to stop Edebug execution once it has started:
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430 breakpoints, the global break condition, and source breakpoints.
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431
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432 While using Edebug, you can specify @dfn{breakpoints} in the program you
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433 are testing: points where execution should stop. You can set a
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434 breakpoint at any stop point, as defined in @ref{Using Edebug}. For
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435 setting and unsetting breakpoints, the stop point that is affected is
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436 the first one at or after point in the source code buffer. Here are the
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437 Edebug commands for breakpoints:
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438
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439 @table @kbd
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440 @item b
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441 Set a breakpoint at the stop point at or after point
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442 (@code{edebug-set-breakpoint}). If you use a prefix argument, the
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443 breakpoint is temporary (it turns off the first time it stops the
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444 program).
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445
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446 @item u
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447 Unset the breakpoint (if any) at the stop point at or after
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448 point (@code{edebug-unset-breakpoint}).
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449
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450 @item x @var{condition} @key{RET}
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451 Set a conditional breakpoint which stops the program only if
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452 @var{condition} evaluates to a non-@code{nil} value
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453 (@code{edebug-set-conditional-breakpoint}). With a prefix argument, the
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454 breakpoint is temporary.
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455
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456 @item B
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457 Move point to the next breakpoint in the current definition
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458 (@code{edebug-next-breakpoint}).
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459 @end table
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460
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461 While in Edebug, you can set a breakpoint with @kbd{b} and unset one
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462 with @kbd{u}. First move point to the Edebug stop point of your choice,
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463 then type @kbd{b} or @kbd{u} to set or unset a breakpoint there.
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464 Unsetting a breakpoint where none has been set has no effect.
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465
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466 Re-evaluating or reinstrumenting a definition forgets all its breakpoints.
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467
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468 A @dfn{conditional breakpoint} tests a condition each time the program
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469 gets there. Any errors that occur as a result of evaluating the
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470 condition are ignored, as if the result were @code{nil}. To set a
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471 conditional breakpoint, use @kbd{x}, and specify the condition
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472 expression in the minibuffer. Setting a conditional breakpoint at a
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473 stop point that has a previously established conditional breakpoint puts
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474 the previous condition expression in the minibuffer so you can edit it.
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475
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476 You can make a conditional or unconditional breakpoint
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477 @dfn{temporary} by using a prefix argument with the command to set the
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478 breakpoint. When a temporary breakpoint stops the program, it is
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479 automatically unset.
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480
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481 Edebug always stops or pauses at a breakpoint except when the Edebug
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482 mode is Go-nonstop. In that mode, it ignores breakpoints entirely.
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483
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484 To find out where your breakpoints are, use the @kbd{B} command, which
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485 moves point to the next breakpoint following point, within the same
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486 function, or to the first breakpoint if there are no following
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487 breakpoints. This command does not continue execution---it just moves
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488 point in the buffer.
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489
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490 @menu
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491 * Global Break Condition:: Breaking on an event.
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492 * Source Breakpoints:: Embedding breakpoints in source code.
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493 @end menu
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494
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495
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496 @node Global Break Condition
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497 @subsubsection Global Break Condition
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498
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499 @cindex stopping on events
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500 @cindex global break condition
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501 A @dfn{global break condition} stops execution when a specified
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502 condition is satisfied, no matter where that may occur. Edebug
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503 evaluates the global break condition at every stop point. If it
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504 evaluates to a non-@code{nil} value, then execution stops or pauses
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505 depending on the execution mode, as if a breakpoint had been hit. If
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506 evaluating the condition gets an error, execution does not stop.
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507
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508 @findex edebug-set-global-break-condition
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509 The condition expression is stored in
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510 @code{edebug-global-break-condition}. You can specify a new expression
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511 using the @kbd{X} command (@code{edebug-set-global-break-condition}).
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512
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513 The global break condition is the simplest way to find where in your
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514 code some event occurs, but it makes code run much more slowly. So you
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515 should reset the condition to @code{nil} when not using it.
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516
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517 @node Source Breakpoints
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518 @subsubsection Source Breakpoints
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519
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520 @findex edebug
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521 @cindex source breakpoints
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522 All breakpoints in a definition are forgotten each time you
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523 reinstrument it. To make a breakpoint that won't be forgotten, you can
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524 write a @dfn{source breakpoint}, which is simply a call to the function
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525 @code{edebug} in your source code. You can, of course, make such a call
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526 conditional. For example, in the @code{fac} function, insert the first
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527 line as shown below to stop when the argument reaches zero:
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528
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529 @example
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530 (defun fac (n)
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531 (if (= n 0) (edebug))
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532 (if (< 0 n)
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533 (* n (fac (1- n)))
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534 1))
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535 @end example
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536
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537 When the @code{fac} definition is instrumented and the function is
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538 called, the call to @code{edebug} acts as a breakpoint. Depending on
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539 the execution mode, Edebug stops or pauses there.
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540
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541 If no instrumented code is being executed when @code{edebug} is called,
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542 that function calls @code{debug}.
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543 @c This may not be a good idea anymore.
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544
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545 @node Trapping Errors
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546 @subsection Trapping Errors
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547
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548 Emacs normally displays an error message when an error is signaled and
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549 not handled with @code{condition-case}. While Edebug is active and
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550 executing instrumented code, it normally responds to all unhandled
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551 errors. You can customize this with the options @code{edebug-on-error}
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552 and @code{edebug-on-quit}; see @ref{Edebug Options}.
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553
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554 When Edebug responds to an error, it shows the last stop point
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555 encountered before the error. This may be the location of a call to a
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556 function which was not instrumented, within which the error actually
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557 occurred. For an unbound variable error, the last known stop point
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558 might be quite distant from the offending variable reference. In that
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559 case you might want to display a full backtrace (@pxref{Edebug Misc}).
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560
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561 @c Edebug should be changed for the following: -- dan
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562 If you change @code{debug-on-error} or @code{debug-on-quit} while
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563 Edebug is active, these changes will be forgotten when Edebug becomes
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564 inactive. Furthermore, during Edebug's recursive edit, these variables
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565 are bound to the values they had outside of Edebug.
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566
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567 @node Edebug Views
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568 @subsection Edebug Views
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569
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570 These Edebug commands let you view aspects of the buffer and window
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571 status as they were before entry to Edebug. The outside window
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572 configuration is the collection of windows and contents that were in
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573 effect outside of Edebug.
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574
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575 @table @kbd
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576 @item v
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577 Temporarily view the outside window configuration
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578 (@code{edebug-view-outside}).
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579
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580 @item p
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581 Temporarily display the outside current buffer with point at its outside
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582 position (@code{edebug-bounce-point}). With a prefix argument @var{n},
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583 pause for @var{n} seconds instead.
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584
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585 @item w
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586 Move point back to the current stop point in the source code buffer
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587 (@code{edebug-where}).
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588
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589 If you use this command in a different window displaying the same
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590 buffer, that window will be used instead to display the current
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591 definition in the future.
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592
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593 @item W
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594 @c Its function is not simply to forget the saved configuration -- dan
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595 Toggle whether Edebug saves and restores the outside window
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596 configuration (@code{edebug-toggle-save-windows}).
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597
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598 With a prefix argument, @code{W} only toggles saving and restoring of
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599 the selected window. To specify a window that is not displaying the
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600 source code buffer, you must use @kbd{C-x X W} from the global keymap.
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601 @end table
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602
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603 You can view the outside window configuration with @kbd{v} or just
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604 bounce to the point in the current buffer with @kbd{p}, even if
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605 it is not normally displayed. After moving point, you may wish to jump
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606 back to the stop point with @kbd{w} from a source code buffer.
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607
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608 Each time you use @kbd{W} to turn saving @emph{off}, Edebug forgets the
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609 saved outside window configuration---so that even if you turn saving
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610 back @emph{on}, the current window configuration remains unchanged when
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611 you next exit Edebug (by continuing the program). However, the
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612 automatic redisplay of @samp{*edebug*} and @samp{*edebug-trace*} may
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613 conflict with the buffers you wish to see unless you have enough windows
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614 open.
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615
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616 @node Edebug Eval
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617 @subsection Evaluation
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618
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619 While within Edebug, you can evaluate expressions ``as if'' Edebug were
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620 not running. Edebug tries to be invisible to the expression's
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621 evaluation and printing. Evaluation of expressions that cause side
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622 effects will work as expected except for things that Edebug explicitly
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623 saves and restores. @xref{The Outside Context}, for details on this
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624 process.
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625
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626 @table @kbd
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627 @item e @var{exp} @key{RET}
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628 Evaluate expression @var{exp} in the context outside of Edebug
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629 (@code{edebug-eval-expression}). That is, Edebug tries to minimize its
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630 interference with the evaluation.
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631
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632 @item M-: @var{exp} @key{RET}
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633 Evaluate expression @var{exp} in the context of Edebug itself.
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634
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635 @item C-x C-e
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636 Evaluate the expression before point, in the context outside of Edebug
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637 (@code{edebug-eval-last-sexp}).
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638 @end table
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639
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640 @cindex lexical binding (Edebug)
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641 Edebug supports evaluation of expressions containing references to
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642 lexically bound symbols created by the following constructs in
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643 @file{cl.el} (version 2.03 or later): @code{lexical-let},
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644 @code{macrolet}, and @code{symbol-macrolet}.
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645
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646 @node Eval List
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647 @subsection Evaluation List Buffer
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648
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649 You can use the @dfn{evaluation list buffer}, called @samp{*edebug*}, to
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650 evaluate expressions interactively. You can also set up the
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651 @dfn{evaluation list} of expressions to be evaluated automatically each
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652 time Edebug updates the display.
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653
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654 @table @kbd
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655 @item E
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diff changeset
656 Switch to the evaluation list buffer @samp{*edebug*}
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parents:
diff changeset
657 (@code{edebug-visit-eval-list}).
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parents:
diff changeset
658 @end table
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parents:
diff changeset
659
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diff changeset
660 In the @samp{*edebug*} buffer you can use the commands of Lisp
6558
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diff changeset
661 Interaction mode (@pxref{Lisp Interaction,,, emacs, The GNU Emacs
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diff changeset
662 Manual}) as well as these special commands:
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parents:
diff changeset
663
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diff changeset
664 @table @kbd
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diff changeset
665 @item C-j
6558
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diff changeset
666 Evaluate the expression before point, in the outside context, and insert
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parents:
diff changeset
667 the value in the buffer (@code{edebug-eval-print-last-sexp}).
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parents:
diff changeset
668
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diff changeset
669 @item C-x C-e
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parents:
diff changeset
670 Evaluate the expression before point, in the context outside of Edebug
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parents:
diff changeset
671 (@code{edebug-eval-last-sexp}).
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parents:
diff changeset
672
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diff changeset
673 @item C-c C-u
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parents: 6558
diff changeset
674 Build a new evaluation list from the contents of the buffer
6558
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parents:
diff changeset
675 (@code{edebug-update-eval-list}).
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parents:
diff changeset
676
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
677 @item C-c C-d
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parents:
diff changeset
678 Delete the evaluation list group that point is in
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
679 (@code{edebug-delete-eval-item}).
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parents:
diff changeset
680
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681 @item C-c C-w
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parents:
diff changeset
682 Switch back to the source code buffer at the current stop point
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parents:
diff changeset
683 (@code{edebug-where}).
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684 @end table
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parents:
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685
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diff changeset
686 You can evaluate expressions in the evaluation list window with
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
687 @kbd{C-j} or @kbd{C-x C-e}, just as you would in @samp{*scratch*};
6558
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688 but they are evaluated in the context outside of Edebug.
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parents:
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689
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diff changeset
690 The expressions you enter interactively (and their results) are lost
6558
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691 when you continue execution; but you can set up an @dfn{evaluation list}
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parents:
diff changeset
692 consisting of expressions to be evaluated each time execution stops.
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parents:
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693
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694 @cindex evaluation list group
21682
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diff changeset
695 To do this, write one or more @dfn{evaluation list groups} in the
6558
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diff changeset
696 evaluation list buffer. An evaluation list group consists of one or
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parents:
diff changeset
697 more Lisp expressions. Groups are separated by comment lines.
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parents:
diff changeset
698
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diff changeset
699 The command @kbd{C-c C-u} (@code{edebug-update-eval-list}) rebuilds the
6558
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700 evaluation list, scanning the buffer and using the first expression of
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parents: 6558
diff changeset
701 each group. (The idea is that the second expression of the group is the
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parents: 6558
diff changeset
702 value previously computed and displayed.)
6558
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parents:
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703
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
704 Each entry to Edebug redisplays the evaluation list by inserting each
7252
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parents: 6558
diff changeset
705 expression in the buffer, followed by its current value. It also
2ddb8063f154 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6558
diff changeset
706 inserts comment lines so that each expression becomes its own group.
2ddb8063f154 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6558
diff changeset
707 Thus, if you type @kbd{C-c C-u} again without changing the buffer text,
2ddb8063f154 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6558
diff changeset
708 the evaluation list is effectively unchanged.
6558
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parents:
diff changeset
709
21682
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
710 If an error occurs during an evaluation from the evaluation list, the
6558
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parents:
diff changeset
711 error message is displayed in a string as if it were the result.
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parents:
diff changeset
712 Therefore, expressions that use variables not currently valid do not
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
713 interrupt your debugging.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
714
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
715 Here is an example of what the evaluation list window looks like after
6558
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diff changeset
716 several expressions have been added to it:
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parents:
diff changeset
717
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diff changeset
718 @smallexample
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
719 (current-buffer)
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parents:
diff changeset
720 #<buffer *scratch*>
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
721 ;---------------------------------------------------------------
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parents:
diff changeset
722 (selected-window)
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
723 #<window 16 on *scratch*>
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parents:
diff changeset
724 ;---------------------------------------------------------------
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parents:
diff changeset
725 (point)
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parents:
diff changeset
726 196
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
727 ;---------------------------------------------------------------
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parents:
diff changeset
728 bad-var
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
729 "Symbol's value as variable is void: bad-var"
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
730 ;---------------------------------------------------------------
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
731 (recursion-depth)
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
732 0
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
733 ;---------------------------------------------------------------
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parents:
diff changeset
734 this-command
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
735 eval-last-sexp
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
736 ;---------------------------------------------------------------
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
737 @end smallexample
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
738
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
739 To delete a group, move point into it and type @kbd{C-c C-d}, or simply
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
740 delete the text for the group and update the evaluation list with
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
741 @kbd{C-c C-u}. To add a new expression to the evaluation list, insert
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
742 the expression at a suitable place, and insert a new comment line. (You
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
743 need not insert dashes in the comment line---its contents don't matter.)
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
744 Then type @kbd{C-c C-u}.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
745
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
746 After selecting @samp{*edebug*}, you can return to the source code
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
747 buffer with @kbd{C-c C-w}. The @samp{*edebug*} buffer is killed when
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
748 you continue execution, and recreated next time it is needed.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
749
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
750 @node Printing in Edebug
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
751 @subsection Printing in Edebug
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
752
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
753 @cindex printing (Edebug)
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
754 @cindex printing circular structures
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
755 @pindex cust-print
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
756 If an expression in your program produces a value containing circular
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
757 list structure, you may get an error when Edebug attempts to print it.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
758
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
759 One way to cope with circular structure is to set @code{print-length}
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
760 or @code{print-level} to truncate the printing. Edebug does this for
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
761 you; it binds @code{print-length} and @code{print-level} to 50 if they
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
762 were @code{nil}. (Actually, the variables @code{edebug-print-length}
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
763 and @code{edebug-print-level} specify the values to use within Edebug.)
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
764 @xref{Output Variables}.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
765
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
766 @defopt edebug-print-length
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
767 If non-@code{nil}, bind @code{print-length} to this while printing
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
768 results in Edebug. The default value is @code{50}.
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
769 @end defopt
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
770
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
771 @defopt edebug-print-level
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
772 If non-@code{nil}, bind @code{print-level} to this while printing
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
773 results in Edebug. The default value is @code{50}.
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
774 @end defopt
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
775
6558
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diff changeset
776 You can also print circular structures and structures that share
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
777 elements more informatively by using the @file{cust-print} package.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
778
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
779 To load @file{cust-print} and activate custom printing only for
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
780 Edebug, simply use the command @kbd{M-x edebug-install-custom-print}.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
781 To restore the standard print functions, use @kbd{M-x
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
782 edebug-uninstall-custom-print}.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
783
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
784 Here is an example of code that creates a circular structure:
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
785
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
786 @example
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parents:
diff changeset
787 (setq a '(x y))
22138
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parents: 21682
diff changeset
788 (setcar a a)
6558
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parents:
diff changeset
789 @end example
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
790
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
791 @noindent
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
792 Custom printing prints this as @samp{Result: #1=(#1# y)}. The
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
793 @samp{#1=} notation labels the structure that follows it with the label
22138
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parents: 21682
diff changeset
794 @samp{1}, and the @samp{#1#} notation references the previously labeled
6558
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parents:
diff changeset
795 structure. This notation is used for any shared elements of lists or
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
796 vectors.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
797
21682
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
798 @defopt edebug-print-circle
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
799 If non-@code{nil}, bind @code{print-circle} to this while printing
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
800 results in Edebug. The default value is @code{nil}.
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
801 @end defopt
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
802
6558
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parents:
diff changeset
803 Other programs can also use custom printing; see @file{cust-print.el}
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
804 for details.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
805
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
806 @node Trace Buffer
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
807 @subsection Trace Buffer
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
808 @cindex trace buffer
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
809
7252
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diff changeset
810 Edebug can record an execution trace, storing it in a buffer named
6558
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parents:
diff changeset
811 @samp{*edebug-trace*}. This is a log of function calls and returns,
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
812 showing the function names and their arguments and values. To enable
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
813 trace recording, set @code{edebug-trace} to a non-@code{nil} value.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
814
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
815 Making a trace buffer is not the same thing as using trace execution
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
816 mode (@pxref{Edebug Execution Modes}).
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
817
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diff changeset
818 When trace recording is enabled, each function entry and exit adds
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
819 lines to the trace buffer. A function entry record looks like
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
820 @samp{::::@{} followed by the function name and argument values. A
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parents:
diff changeset
821 function exit record looks like @samp{::::@}} followed by the function
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parents:
diff changeset
822 name and result of the function.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
823
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
824 The number of @samp{:}s in an entry shows its recursion depth. You
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
825 can use the braces in the trace buffer to find the matching beginning or
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
826 end of function calls.
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parents:
diff changeset
827
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parents:
diff changeset
828 @findex edebug-print-trace-before
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parents:
diff changeset
829 @findex edebug-print-trace-after
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parents:
diff changeset
830 You can customize trace recording for function entry and exit by
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
831 redefining the functions @code{edebug-print-trace-before} and
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parents:
diff changeset
832 @code{edebug-print-trace-after}.
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parents:
diff changeset
833
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diff changeset
834 @defmac edebug-tracing string body@dots{}
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
835 This macro requests additional trace information around the execution
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
836 of the @var{body} forms. The argument @var{string} specifies text
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
837 to put in the trace buffer. All the arguments are evaluated.
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parents:
diff changeset
838 @code{edebug-tracing} returns the value of the last form in @var{body}.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
839 @end defmac
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parents:
diff changeset
840
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diff changeset
841 @defun edebug-trace format-string &rest format-args
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parents:
diff changeset
842 This function inserts text in the trace buffer. It computes the text
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parents:
diff changeset
843 with @code{(apply 'format @var{format-string} @var{format-args})}.
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diff changeset
844 It also appends a newline to separate entries.
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diff changeset
845 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
846
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diff changeset
847 @code{edebug-tracing} and @code{edebug-trace} insert lines in the
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
848 trace buffer whenever they are called, even if Edebug is not active.
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
849 Adding text to the trace buffer also scrolls its window to show the last
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diff changeset
850 lines inserted.
6558
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diff changeset
851
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diff changeset
852 @node Coverage Testing
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diff changeset
853 @subsection Coverage Testing
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parents:
diff changeset
854
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855 @cindex coverage testing
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diff changeset
856 @cindex frequency counts
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parents:
diff changeset
857 @cindex performance analysis
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diff changeset
858 Edebug provides rudimentary coverage testing and display of execution
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diff changeset
859 frequency.
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diff changeset
860
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diff changeset
861 Coverage testing works by comparing the result of each expression with
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
862 the previous result; each form in the program is considered ``covered''
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
863 if it has returned two different values since you began testing coverage
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
864 in the current Emacs session. Thus, to do coverage testing on your
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
865 program, execute it under various conditions and note whether it behaves
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
866 correctly; Edebug will tell you when you have tried enough different
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
867 conditions that each form has returned two different values.
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
868
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
869 Coverage testing makes execution slower, so it is only done if
22267
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diff changeset
870 @code{edebug-test-coverage} is non-@code{nil}. Frequency counting is
dfac7398266b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 22252
diff changeset
871 performed for all execution of an instrumented function, even if the
dfac7398266b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 22252
diff changeset
872 execution mode is Go-nonstop, and regardless of whether coverage testing
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parents: 22252
diff changeset
873 is enabled.
22252
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
874
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
875 Use @kbd{M-x edebug-display-freq-count} to display both the
22138
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parents: 21682
diff changeset
876 coverage information and the frequency counts for a definition.
6558
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
877
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parents:
diff changeset
878 @deffn Command edebug-display-freq-count
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
879 This command displays the frequency count data for each line of the
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
880 current definition.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
881
21682
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diff changeset
882 The frequency counts appear as comment lines after each line of code,
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
883 and you can undo all insertions with one @code{undo} command. The
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
884 counts appear under the @samp{(} before an expression or the @samp{)}
22138
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parents: 21682
diff changeset
885 after an expression, or on the last character of a variable. To
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parents: 21682
diff changeset
886 simplify the display, a count is not shown if it is equal to the
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 21682
diff changeset
887 count of an earlier expression on the same line.
6558
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
888
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
889 The character @samp{=} following the count for an expression says that
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 21682
diff changeset
890 the expression has returned the same value each time it was evaluated.
22252
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
891 In other words, it is not yet ``covered'' for coverage testing purposes.
6558
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parents:
diff changeset
892
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
893 To clear the frequency count and coverage data for a definition,
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 21682
diff changeset
894 simply reinstrument it with @code{eval-defun}.
6558
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
895 @end deffn
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
896
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
897 For example, after evaluating @code{(fac 5)} with a source
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
898 breakpoint, and setting @code{edebug-test-coverage} to @code{t}, when
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
899 the breakpoint is reached, the frequency data looks like this:
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
900
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
901 @example
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
902 (defun fac (n)
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
903 (if (= n 0) (edebug))
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
904 ;#6 1 0 =5
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
905 (if (< 0 n)
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
906 ;#5 =
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
907 (* n (fac (1- n)))
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
908 ;# 5 0
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
909 1))
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
910 ;# 0
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
911 @end example
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
912
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parents: 6558
diff changeset
913 The comment lines show that @code{fac} was called 6 times. The
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6558
diff changeset
914 first @code{if} statement returned 5 times with the same result each
6558
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
915 time; the same is true of the condition on the second @code{if}.
7252
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parents: 6558
diff changeset
916 The recursive call of @code{fac} did not return at all.
6558
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
917
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
918
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
919 @node The Outside Context
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
920 @subsection The Outside Context
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
921
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
922 Edebug tries to be transparent to the program you are debugging, but it
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
923 does not succeed completely. Edebug also tries to be transparent when
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
924 you evaluate expressions with @kbd{e} or with the evaluation list
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
925 buffer, by temporarily restoring the outside context. This section
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
926 explains precisely what context Edebug restores, and how Edebug fails to
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
927 be completely transparent.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
928
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
929 @menu
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
930 * Checking Whether to Stop:: When Edebug decides what to do.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
931 * Edebug Display Update:: When Edebug updates the display.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
932 * Edebug Recursive Edit:: When Edebug stops execution.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
933 @end menu
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
934
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
935 @node Checking Whether to Stop
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
936 @subsubsection Checking Whether to Stop
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
937
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diff changeset
938 Whenever Edebug is entered, it needs to save and restore certain data
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parents: 6558
diff changeset
939 before even deciding whether to make trace information or stop the
2ddb8063f154 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6558
diff changeset
940 program.
6558
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parents:
diff changeset
941
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
942 @itemize @bullet
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
943 @item
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
944 @code{max-lisp-eval-depth} and @code{max-specpdl-size} are both
22138
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parents: 21682
diff changeset
945 incremented once to reduce Edebug's impact on the stack. You could,
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 21682
diff changeset
946 however, still run out of stack space when using Edebug.
6558
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diff changeset
947
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
948 @item
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
949 The state of keyboard macro execution is saved and restored. While
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
950 Edebug is active, @code{executing-macro} is bound to
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
951 @code{edebug-continue-kbd-macro}.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
952
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diff changeset
953 @end itemize
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parents:
diff changeset
954
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
955
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
956 @node Edebug Display Update
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parents:
diff changeset
957 @subsubsection Edebug Display Update
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parents:
diff changeset
958
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diff changeset
959 @c This paragraph is not filled, because LaLiberte's conversion script
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parents: 6558
diff changeset
960 @c needs an xref to be on just one line.
6558
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diff changeset
961 When Edebug needs to display something (e.g., in trace mode), it saves
7252
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diff changeset
962 the current window configuration from ``outside'' Edebug
2ddb8063f154 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6558
diff changeset
963 (@pxref{Window Configurations}). When you exit Edebug (by continuing
2ddb8063f154 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6558
diff changeset
964 the program), it restores the previous window configuration.
6558
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parents:
diff changeset
965
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
966 Emacs redisplays only when it pauses. Usually, when you continue
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
967 execution, the program comes back into Edebug at a breakpoint or after
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
968 stepping without pausing or reading input in between. In such cases,
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
969 Emacs never gets a chance to redisplay the ``outside'' configuration.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
970 What you see is the same window configuration as the last time Edebug
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
971 was active, with no interruption.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
972
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
973 Entry to Edebug for displaying something also saves and restores the
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
974 following data, but some of these are deliberately not restored if an
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
975 error or quit signal occurs.
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parents:
diff changeset
976
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parents:
diff changeset
977 @itemize @bullet
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parents:
diff changeset
978 @item
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979 @cindex current buffer point and mark (Edebug)
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parents:
diff changeset
980 Which buffer is current, and the positions of point and the mark in the
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parents:
diff changeset
981 current buffer, are saved and restored.
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parents:
diff changeset
982
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diff changeset
983 @item
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parents:
diff changeset
984 @cindex window configuration (Edebug)
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parents:
diff changeset
985 The outside window configuration is saved and restored if
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parents:
diff changeset
986 @code{edebug-save-windows} is non-@code{nil} (@pxref{Edebug Display Update}).
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parents:
diff changeset
987
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parents:
diff changeset
988 The window configuration is not restored on error or quit, but the
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parents:
diff changeset
989 outside selected window @emph{is} reselected even on error or quit in
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parents:
diff changeset
990 case a @code{save-excursion} is active. If the value of
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parents:
diff changeset
991 @code{edebug-save-windows} is a list, only the listed windows are saved
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
992 and restored.
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parents:
diff changeset
993
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parents:
diff changeset
994 The window start and horizontal scrolling of the source code buffer are
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parents:
diff changeset
995 not restored, however, so that the display remains coherent within Edebug.
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parents:
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996
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parents:
diff changeset
997 @item
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parents:
diff changeset
998 The value of point in each displayed buffer is saved and restored if
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parents:
diff changeset
999 @code{edebug-save-displayed-buffer-points} is non-@code{nil}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1000
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parents:
diff changeset
1001 @item
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parents:
diff changeset
1002 The variables @code{overlay-arrow-position} and
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parents:
diff changeset
1003 @code{overlay-arrow-string} are saved and restored. So you can safely
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parents:
diff changeset
1004 invoke Edebug from the recursive edit elsewhere in the same buffer.
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parents:
diff changeset
1005
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parents:
diff changeset
1006 @item
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parents:
diff changeset
1007 @code{cursor-in-echo-area} is locally bound to @code{nil} so that
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parents:
diff changeset
1008 the cursor shows up in the window.
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parents:
diff changeset
1009 @end itemize
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parents:
diff changeset
1010
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1011 @node Edebug Recursive Edit
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parents:
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1012 @subsubsection Edebug Recursive Edit
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parents:
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1013
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1014 When Edebug is entered and actually reads commands from the user, it
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parents:
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1015 saves (and later restores) these additional data:
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parents:
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1016
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diff changeset
1017 @itemize @bullet
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parents:
diff changeset
1018 @item
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parents:
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1019 The current match data. @xref{Match Data}.
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parents:
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1020
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diff changeset
1021 @item
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parents:
diff changeset
1022 @code{last-command}, @code{this-command}, @code{last-command-char},
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parents:
diff changeset
1023 @code{last-input-char}, @code{last-input-event},
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parents:
diff changeset
1024 @code{last-command-event}, @code{last-event-frame},
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parents:
diff changeset
1025 @code{last-nonmenu-event}, and @code{track-mouse}. Commands used within
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parents:
diff changeset
1026 Edebug do not affect these variables outside of Edebug.
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parents:
diff changeset
1027
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parents:
diff changeset
1028 The key sequence returned by @code{this-command-keys} is changed by
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parents:
diff changeset
1029 executing commands within Edebug and there is no way to reset
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1030 the key sequence from Lisp.
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parents:
diff changeset
1031
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parents: 6558
diff changeset
1032 Edebug cannot save and restore the value of
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parents: 6558
diff changeset
1033 @code{unread-command-events}. Entering Edebug while this variable has a
2ddb8063f154 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6558
diff changeset
1034 nontrivial value can interfere with execution of the program you are
2ddb8063f154 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6558
diff changeset
1035 debugging.
2ddb8063f154 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6558
diff changeset
1036
6558
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diff changeset
1037 @item
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parents:
diff changeset
1038 Complex commands executed while in Edebug are added to the variable
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1039 @code{command-history}. In rare cases this can alter execution.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1040
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parents:
diff changeset
1041 @item
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parents:
diff changeset
1042 Within Edebug, the recursion depth appears one deeper than the recursion
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1043 depth outside Edebug. This is not true of the automatically updated
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1044 evaluation list window.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1045
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parents:
diff changeset
1046 @item
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parents:
diff changeset
1047 @code{standard-output} and @code{standard-input} are bound to @code{nil}
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1048 by the @code{recursive-edit}, but Edebug temporarily restores them during
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1049 evaluations.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1050
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diff changeset
1051 @item
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parents:
diff changeset
1052 The state of keyboard macro definition is saved and restored. While
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1053 Edebug is active, @code{defining-kbd-macro} is bound to
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1054 @code{edebug-continue-kbd-macro}.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1055 @end itemize
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parents:
diff changeset
1056
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parents:
diff changeset
1057 @node Instrumenting Macro Calls
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parents:
diff changeset
1058 @subsection Instrumenting Macro Calls
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parents:
diff changeset
1059
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1060 When Edebug instruments an expression that calls a Lisp macro, it needs
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1061 additional information about the macro to do the job properly. This is
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1062 because there is no a-priori way to tell which subexpressions of the
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1063 macro call are forms to be evaluated. (Evaluation may occur explicitly
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1064 in the macro body, or when the resulting expansion is evaluated, or any
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1065 time later.)
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1066
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1067 Therefore, you must define an Edebug specification for each macro that
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1068 Edebug will encounter, to explain the format of calls to that macro. To
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1069 do this, use @code{def-edebug-spec}.
6558
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parents:
diff changeset
1070
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diff changeset
1071 @deffn Macro def-edebug-spec macro specification
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parents:
diff changeset
1072 Specify which expressions of a call to macro @var{macro} are forms to be
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parents:
diff changeset
1073 evaluated. For simple macros, the @var{specification} often looks very
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parents:
diff changeset
1074 similar to the formal argument list of the macro definition, but
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1075 specifications are much more general than macro arguments.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1076
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diff changeset
1077 The @var{macro} argument can actually be any symbol, not just a macro
6558
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diff changeset
1078 name.
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parents:
diff changeset
1079 @end deffn
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parents:
diff changeset
1080
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diff changeset
1081 Here is a simple example that defines the specification for the
22252
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
1082 @code{for} example macro (@pxref{Argument Evaluation}), followed by an
22138
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parents: 21682
diff changeset
1083 alternative, equivalent specification.
6558
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parents:
diff changeset
1084
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diff changeset
1085 @example
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parents:
diff changeset
1086 (def-edebug-spec for
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1087 (symbolp "from" form "to" form "do" &rest form))
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parents:
diff changeset
1088
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parents:
diff changeset
1089 (def-edebug-spec for
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1090 (symbolp ['from form] ['to form] ['do body]))
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
1091 @end example
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1092
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diff changeset
1093 Here is a table of the possibilities for @var{specification} and how each
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parents:
diff changeset
1094 directs processing of arguments.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1095
7734
2d4db32cccd5 entered into RCS
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parents: 7252
diff changeset
1096 @table @asis
6558
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diff changeset
1097 @item @code{t}
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parents:
diff changeset
1098 All arguments are instrumented for evaluation.
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parents:
diff changeset
1099
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diff changeset
1100 @item @code{0}
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parents:
diff changeset
1101 None of the arguments is instrumented.
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parents:
diff changeset
1102
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diff changeset
1103 @item a symbol
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parents:
diff changeset
1104 The symbol must have an Edebug specification which is used instead.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1105 This indirection is repeated until another kind of specification is
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 21682
diff changeset
1106 found. This allows you to inherit the specification from another macro.
6558
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diff changeset
1107
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diff changeset
1108 @item a list
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parents:
diff changeset
1109 The elements of the list describe the types of the arguments of a
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1110 calling form. The possible elements of a specification list are
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1111 described in the following sections.
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diff changeset
1112 @end table
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diff changeset
1113
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diff changeset
1114 @menu
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parents:
diff changeset
1115 * Specification List:: How to specify complex patterns of evaluation.
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parents:
diff changeset
1116 * Backtracking:: What Edebug does when matching fails.
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parents:
diff changeset
1117 * Specification Examples:: To help understand specifications.
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diff changeset
1118 @end menu
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parents:
diff changeset
1119
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diff changeset
1120
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diff changeset
1121 @node Specification List
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parents:
diff changeset
1122 @subsubsection Specification List
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1123
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diff changeset
1124 @cindex Edebug specification list
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parents:
diff changeset
1125 A @dfn{specification list} is required for an Edebug specification if
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1126 some arguments of a macro call are evaluated while others are not. Some
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1127 elements in a specification list match one or more arguments, but others
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1128 modify the processing of all following elements. The latter, called
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1129 @dfn{specification keywords}, are symbols beginning with @samp{&} (such
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parents:
diff changeset
1130 as @code{&optional}).
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1131
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diff changeset
1132 A specification list may contain sublists which match arguments that are
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1133 themselves lists, or it may contain vectors used for grouping. Sublists
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1134 and groups thus subdivide the specification list into a hierarchy of
21682
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1135 levels. Specification keywords apply only to the remainder of the
6558
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diff changeset
1136 sublist or group they are contained in.
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parents:
diff changeset
1137
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
1138 When a specification list involves alternatives or repetition, matching
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1139 it against an actual macro call may require backtracking.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1140 @xref{Backtracking}, for more details.
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parents:
diff changeset
1141
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
1142 Edebug specifications provide the power of regular expression matching,
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1143 plus some context-free grammar constructs: the matching of sublists with
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1144 balanced parentheses, recursive processing of forms, and recursion via
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1145 indirect specifications.
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parents:
diff changeset
1146
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diff changeset
1147 Here's a table of the possible elements of a specification list, with
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parents:
diff changeset
1148 their meanings:
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parents:
diff changeset
1149
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diff changeset
1150 @table @code
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parents:
diff changeset
1151 @item sexp
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
1152 A single unevaluated Lisp object, which is not instrumented.
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parents: 21682
diff changeset
1153 @c an "expression" is not necessarily intended for evaluation.
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1154
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diff changeset
1155 @item form
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parents:
diff changeset
1156 A single evaluated expression, which is instrumented.
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parents:
diff changeset
1157
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diff changeset
1158 @item place
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parents:
diff changeset
1159 @findex edebug-unwrap
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parents:
diff changeset
1160 A place to store a value, as in the Common Lisp @code{setf} construct.
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parents:
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1161
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diff changeset
1162 @item body
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parents:
diff changeset
1163 Short for @code{&rest form}. See @code{&rest} below.
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parents:
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1164
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1165 @item function-form
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parents:
diff changeset
1166 A function form: either a quoted function symbol, a quoted lambda
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parents:
diff changeset
1167 expression, or a form (that should evaluate to a function symbol or
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parents:
diff changeset
1168 lambda expression). This is useful when an argument that's a lambda
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parents:
diff changeset
1169 expression might be quoted with @code{quote} rather than
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diff changeset
1170 @code{function}, since it instruments the body of the lambda expression
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parents:
diff changeset
1171 either way.
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1172
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1173 @item lambda-expr
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parents:
diff changeset
1174 A lambda expression with no quoting.
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parents:
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1175
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1176 @item &optional
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1177 @kindex &optional @r{(Edebug)}
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parents:
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1178 All following elements in the specification list are optional; as soon
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parents:
diff changeset
1179 as one does not match, Edebug stops matching at this level.
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parents:
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1180
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diff changeset
1181 To make just a few elements optional followed by non-optional elements,
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parents:
diff changeset
1182 use @code{[&optional @var{specs}@dots{}]}. To specify that several
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parents:
diff changeset
1183 elements must all match or none, use @code{&optional
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parents:
diff changeset
1184 [@var{specs}@dots{}]}. See the @code{defun} example below.
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parents:
diff changeset
1185
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diff changeset
1186 @item &rest
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parents:
diff changeset
1187 @kindex &rest @r{(Edebug)}
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1188 All following elements in the specification list are repeated zero or
22267
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parents: 22252
diff changeset
1189 more times. In the last repetition, however, it is not a problem if the
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parents: 22252
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1190 expression runs out before matching all of the elements of the
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parents: 22252
diff changeset
1191 specification list.
6558
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1192
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1193 To repeat only a few elements, use @code{[&rest @var{specs}@dots{}]}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1194 To specify several elements that must all match on every repetition, use
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parents:
diff changeset
1195 @code{&rest [@var{specs}@dots{}]}.
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1196
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1197 @item &or
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1198 @kindex &or @r{(Edebug)}
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diff changeset
1199 Each of the following elements in the specification list is an
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diff changeset
1200 alternative. One of the alternatives must match, or the @code{&or}
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parents:
diff changeset
1201 specification fails.
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parents:
diff changeset
1202
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diff changeset
1203 Each list element following @code{&or} is a single alternative. To
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1204 group two or more list elements as a single alternative, enclose them in
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1205 @code{[@dots{}]}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1206
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diff changeset
1207 @item &not
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parents:
diff changeset
1208 @kindex &not @r{(Edebug)}
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parents:
diff changeset
1209 Each of the following elements is matched as alternatives as if by using
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parents:
diff changeset
1210 @code{&or}, but if any of them match, the specification fails. If none
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1211 of them match, nothing is matched, but the @code{&not} specification
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parents:
diff changeset
1212 succeeds.
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parents:
diff changeset
1213
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diff changeset
1214 @item &define
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1215 @kindex &define @r{(Edebug)}
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1216 Indicates that the specification is for a defining form. The defining
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 21682
diff changeset
1217 form itself is not instrumented (that is, Edebug does not stop before and
6558
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diff changeset
1218 after the defining form), but forms inside it typically will be
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parents:
diff changeset
1219 instrumented. The @code{&define} keyword should be the first element in
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parents:
diff changeset
1220 a list specification.
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parents:
diff changeset
1221
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1222 @item nil
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diff changeset
1223 This is successful when there are no more arguments to match at the
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1224 current argument list level; otherwise it fails. See sublist
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diff changeset
1225 specifications and the backquote example below.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
1226
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diff changeset
1227 @item gate
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parents:
diff changeset
1228 @cindex preventing backtracking
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parents:
diff changeset
1229 No argument is matched but backtracking through the gate is disabled
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parents:
diff changeset
1230 while matching the remainder of the specifications at this level. This
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parents:
diff changeset
1231 is primarily used to generate more specific syntax error messages. See
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1232 @ref{Backtracking}, for more details. Also see the @code{let} example
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1233 below.
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parents:
diff changeset
1234
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diff changeset
1235 @item @var{other-symbol}
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parents:
diff changeset
1236 @cindex indirect specifications
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parents:
diff changeset
1237 Any other symbol in a specification list may be a predicate or an
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1238 indirect specification.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1239
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diff changeset
1240 If the symbol has an Edebug specification, this @dfn{indirect
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1241 specification} should be either a list specification that is used in
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parents:
diff changeset
1242 place of the symbol, or a function that is called to process the
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1243 arguments. The specification may be defined with @code{def-edebug-spec}
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parents:
diff changeset
1244 just as for macros. See the @code{defun} example below.
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parents:
diff changeset
1245
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
1246 Otherwise, the symbol should be a predicate. The predicate is called
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1247 with the argument and the specification fails if the predicate returns
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1248 @code{nil}. In either case, that argument is not instrumented.
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parents:
diff changeset
1249
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
1250 Some suitable predicates include @code{symbolp}, @code{integerp},
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1251 @code{stringp}, @code{vectorp}, and @code{atom}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1252
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diff changeset
1253 @item [@var{elements}@dots{}]
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parents:
diff changeset
1254 @cindex [@dots{}] (Edebug)
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parents:
diff changeset
1255 A vector of elements groups the elements into a single @dfn{group
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1256 specification}. Its meaning has nothing to do with vectors.
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parents:
diff changeset
1257
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diff changeset
1258 @item "@var{string}"
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parents:
diff changeset
1259 The argument should be a symbol named @var{string}. This specification
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parents:
diff changeset
1260 is equivalent to the quoted symbol, @code{'@var{symbol}}, where the name
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parents:
diff changeset
1261 of @var{symbol} is the @var{string}, but the string form is preferred.
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parents:
diff changeset
1262
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diff changeset
1263 @item (vector @var{elements}@dots{})
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parents:
diff changeset
1264 The argument should be a vector whose elements must match the
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1265 @var{elements} in the specification. See the backquote example below.
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parents:
diff changeset
1266
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diff changeset
1267 @item (@var{elements}@dots{})
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diff changeset
1268 Any other list is a @dfn{sublist specification} and the argument must be
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parents:
diff changeset
1269 a list whose elements match the specification @var{elements}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1270
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diff changeset
1271 @cindex dotted lists (Edebug)
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1272 A sublist specification may be a dotted list and the corresponding list
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parents:
diff changeset
1273 argument may then be a dotted list. Alternatively, the last @sc{cdr} of a
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1274 dotted list specification may be another sublist specification (via a
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parents: 21682
diff changeset
1275 grouping or an indirect specification, e.g., @code{(spec . [(more
6558
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parents:
diff changeset
1276 specs@dots{})])}) whose elements match the non-dotted list arguments.
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parents:
diff changeset
1277 This is useful in recursive specifications such as in the backquote
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1278 example below. Also see the description of a @code{nil} specification
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1279 above for terminating such recursion.
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diff changeset
1280
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parents: 6558
diff changeset
1281 Note that a sublist specification written as @code{(specs . nil)}
2ddb8063f154 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6558
diff changeset
1282 is equivalent to @code{(specs)}, and @code{(specs .
2ddb8063f154 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6558
diff changeset
1283 (sublist-elements@dots{}))} is equivalent to @code{(specs
6558
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parents:
diff changeset
1284 sublist-elements@dots{})}.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
1285 @end table
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diff changeset
1286
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diff changeset
1287 @c Need to document extensions with &symbol and :symbol
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parents:
diff changeset
1288
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90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1289 Here is a list of additional specifications that may appear only after
6558
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diff changeset
1290 @code{&define}. See the @code{defun} example below.
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parents:
diff changeset
1291
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diff changeset
1292 @table @code
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parents:
diff changeset
1293 @item name
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diff changeset
1294 The argument, a symbol, is the name of the defining form.
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parents:
diff changeset
1295
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
1296 A defining form is not required to have a name field; and it may have
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parents:
diff changeset
1297 multiple name fields.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1298
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
1299 @item :name
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parents:
diff changeset
1300 This construct does not actually match an argument. The element
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1301 following @code{:name} should be a symbol; it is used as an additional
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parents:
diff changeset
1302 name component for the definition. You can use this to add a unique,
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1303 static component to the name of the definition. It may be used more
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diff changeset
1304 than once.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
1305
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diff changeset
1306 @item arg
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1307 The argument, a symbol, is the name of an argument of the defining form.
22138
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diff changeset
1308 However, lambda-list keywords (symbols starting with @samp{&})
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1309 are not allowed.
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1310
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diff changeset
1311 @item lambda-list
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parents:
diff changeset
1312 @cindex lambda-list (Edebug)
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parents:
diff changeset
1313 This matches a lambda list---the argument list of a lambda expression.
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parents:
diff changeset
1314
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diff changeset
1315 @item def-body
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diff changeset
1316 The argument is the body of code in a definition. This is like
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diff changeset
1317 @code{body}, described above, but a definition body must be instrumented
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parents:
diff changeset
1318 with a different Edebug call that looks up information associated with
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parents:
diff changeset
1319 the definition. Use @code{def-body} for the highest level list of forms
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diff changeset
1320 within the definition.
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diff changeset
1321
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diff changeset
1322 @item def-form
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diff changeset
1323 The argument is a single, highest-level form in a definition. This is
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parents:
diff changeset
1324 like @code{def-body}, except use this to match a single form rather than
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parents:
diff changeset
1325 a list of forms. As a special case, @code{def-form} also means that
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parents:
diff changeset
1326 tracing information is not output when the form is executed. See the
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parents:
diff changeset
1327 @code{interactive} example below.
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parents:
diff changeset
1328 @end table
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parents:
diff changeset
1329
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1330 @node Backtracking
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1331 @subsubsection Backtracking in Specifications
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1332
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diff changeset
1333 @cindex backtracking
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diff changeset
1334 @cindex syntax error (Edebug)
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parents:
diff changeset
1335 If a specification fails to match at some point, this does not
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diff changeset
1336 necessarily mean a syntax error will be signaled; instead,
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diff changeset
1337 @dfn{backtracking} will take place until all alternatives have been
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diff changeset
1338 exhausted. Eventually every element of the argument list must be
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parents:
diff changeset
1339 matched by some element in the specification, and every required element
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1340 in the specification must match some argument.
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1341
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1342 When a syntax error is detected, it might not be reported until much
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diff changeset
1343 later after higher-level alternatives have been exhausted, and with the
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1344 point positioned further from the real error. But if backtracking is
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1345 disabled when an error occurs, it can be reported immediately. Note
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1346 that backtracking is also reenabled automatically in several situations;
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1347 it is reenabled when a new alternative is established by
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diff changeset
1348 @code{&optional}, @code{&rest}, or @code{&or}, or at the start of
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1349 processing a sublist, group, or indirect specification. The effect of
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1350 enabling or disabling backtracking is limited to the remainder of the
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1351 level currently being processed and lower levels.
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1352
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1353 Backtracking is disabled while matching any of the
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diff changeset
1354 form specifications (that is, @code{form}, @code{body}, @code{def-form}, and
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diff changeset
1355 @code{def-body}). These specifications will match any form so any error
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
1356 must be in the form itself rather than at a higher level.
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1357
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1358 Backtracking is also disabled after successfully matching a quoted
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diff changeset
1359 symbol or string specification, since this usually indicates a
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diff changeset
1360 recognized construct. But if you have a set of alternative constructs that
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1361 all begin with the same symbol, you can usually work around this
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diff changeset
1362 constraint by factoring the symbol out of the alternatives, e.g.,
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parents:
diff changeset
1363 @code{["foo" &or [first case] [second case] ...]}.
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diff changeset
1364
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1365 Most needs are satisfied by these two ways that bactracking is
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1366 automatically disabled, but occasionally it is useful to explicitly
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diff changeset
1367 disable backtracking by using the @code{gate} specification. This is
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diff changeset
1368 useful when you know that no higher alternatives could apply. See the
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diff changeset
1369 example of the @code{let} specification.
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1370
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diff changeset
1371 @node Specification Examples
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diff changeset
1372 @subsubsection Specification Examples
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parents:
diff changeset
1373
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diff changeset
1374 It may be easier to understand Edebug specifications by studying
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diff changeset
1375 the examples provided here.
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parents:
diff changeset
1376
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diff changeset
1377 A @code{let} special form has a sequence of bindings and a body. Each
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parents:
diff changeset
1378 of the bindings is either a symbol or a sublist with a symbol and
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diff changeset
1379 optional expression. In the specification below, notice the @code{gate}
6558
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diff changeset
1380 inside of the sublist to prevent backtracking once a sublist is found.
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diff changeset
1381
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diff changeset
1382 @example
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diff changeset
1383 (def-edebug-spec let
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diff changeset
1384 ((&rest
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diff changeset
1385 &or symbolp (gate symbolp &optional form))
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diff changeset
1386 body))
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diff changeset
1387 @end example
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parents:
diff changeset
1388
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diff changeset
1389 Edebug uses the following specifications for @code{defun} and
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parents:
diff changeset
1390 @code{defmacro} and the associated argument list and @code{interactive}
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diff changeset
1391 specifications. It is necessary to handle interactive forms specially
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diff changeset
1392 since an expression argument it is actually evaluated outside of the
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diff changeset
1393 function body.
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diff changeset
1394
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diff changeset
1395 @smallexample
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diff changeset
1396 (def-edebug-spec defmacro defun) ; @r{Indirect ref to @code{defun} spec.}
6558
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diff changeset
1397 (def-edebug-spec defun
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diff changeset
1398 (&define name lambda-list
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1399 [&optional stringp] ; @r{Match the doc string, if present.}
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diff changeset
1400 [&optional ("interactive" interactive)]
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diff changeset
1401 def-body))
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parents:
diff changeset
1402
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diff changeset
1403 (def-edebug-spec lambda-list
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parents:
diff changeset
1404 (([&rest arg]
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parents:
diff changeset
1405 [&optional ["&optional" arg &rest arg]]
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diff changeset
1406 &optional ["&rest" arg]
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diff changeset
1407 )))
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diff changeset
1408
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diff changeset
1409 (def-edebug-spec interactive
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1410 (&optional &or stringp def-form)) ; @r{Notice: @code{def-form}}
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diff changeset
1411 @end smallexample
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diff changeset
1412
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diff changeset
1413 The specification for backquote below illustrates how to match
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1414 dotted lists and use @code{nil} to terminate recursion. It also
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parents:
diff changeset
1415 illustrates how components of a vector may be matched. (The actual
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parents:
diff changeset
1416 specification defined by Edebug does not support dotted lists because
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parents:
diff changeset
1417 doing so causes very deep recursion that could fail.)
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diff changeset
1418
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1419 @smallexample
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1420 (def-edebug-spec ` (backquote-form)) ; @r{Alias just for clarity.}
6558
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diff changeset
1421
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diff changeset
1422 (def-edebug-spec backquote-form
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parents:
diff changeset
1423 (&or ([&or "," ",@@"] &or ("quote" backquote-form) form)
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diff changeset
1424 (backquote-form . [&or nil backquote-form])
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diff changeset
1425 (vector &rest backquote-form)
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diff changeset
1426 sexp))
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diff changeset
1427 @end smallexample
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diff changeset
1428
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diff changeset
1429
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diff changeset
1430 @node Edebug Options
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parents:
diff changeset
1431 @subsection Edebug Options
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parents:
diff changeset
1432
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diff changeset
1433 These options affect the behavior of Edebug:
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diff changeset
1434
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diff changeset
1435 @defopt edebug-setup-hook
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parents:
diff changeset
1436 Functions to call before Edebug is used. Each time it is set to a new
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parents:
diff changeset
1437 value, Edebug will call those functions once and then
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parents:
diff changeset
1438 @code{edebug-setup-hook} is reset to @code{nil}. You could use this to
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parents:
diff changeset
1439 load up Edebug specifications associated with a package you are using
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parents:
diff changeset
1440 but only when you also use Edebug.
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parents:
diff changeset
1441 @xref{Instrumenting}.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1442 @end defopt
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diff changeset
1443
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diff changeset
1444 @defopt edebug-all-defs
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parents:
diff changeset
1445 If this is non-@code{nil}, normal evaluation of defining forms such as
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parents:
diff changeset
1446 @code{defun} and @code{defmacro} instruments them for Edebug. This
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diff changeset
1447 applies to @code{eval-defun}, @code{eval-region}, @code{eval-buffer},
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parents: 6558
diff changeset
1448 and @code{eval-current-buffer}.
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diff changeset
1449
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diff changeset
1450 Use the command @kbd{M-x edebug-all-defs} to toggle the value of this
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diff changeset
1451 option. @xref{Instrumenting}.
6558
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diff changeset
1452 @end defopt
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diff changeset
1453
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diff changeset
1454 @defopt edebug-all-forms
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diff changeset
1455 If this is non-@code{nil}, the commands @code{eval-defun},
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diff changeset
1456 @code{eval-region}, @code{eval-buffer}, and @code{eval-current-buffer}
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diff changeset
1457 instrument all forms, even those that don't define anything.
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diff changeset
1458 This doesn't apply to loading or evaluations in the minibuffer.
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diff changeset
1459
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diff changeset
1460 Use the command @kbd{M-x edebug-all-forms} to toggle the value of this
7252
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diff changeset
1461 option. @xref{Instrumenting}.
6558
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diff changeset
1462 @end defopt
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parents:
diff changeset
1463
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diff changeset
1464 @defopt edebug-save-windows
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parents:
diff changeset
1465 If this is non-@code{nil}, Edebug saves and restores the window
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1466 configuration. That takes some time, so if your program does not care
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1467 what happens to the window configurations, it is better to set this
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1468 variable to @code{nil}.
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1469
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1470 If the value is a list, only the listed windows are saved and
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1471 restored.
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1472
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1473 You can use the @kbd{W} command in Edebug to change this variable
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1474 interactively. @xref{Edebug Display Update}.
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1475 @end defopt
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1476
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1477 @defopt edebug-save-displayed-buffer-points
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1478 If this is non-@code{nil}, Edebug saves and restores point in all
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1479 displayed buffers.
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1480
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1481 Saving and restoring point in other buffers is necessary if you are
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1482 debugging code that changes the point of a buffer which is displayed in
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1483 a non-selected window. If Edebug or the user then selects the window,
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1484 point in that buffer will move to the window's value of point.
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1485
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1486 Saving and restoring point in all buffers is expensive, since it
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1487 requires selecting each window twice, so enable this only if you need
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1488 it. @xref{Edebug Display Update}.
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1489 @end defopt
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1490
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1491 @defopt edebug-initial-mode
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1492 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, it specifies the initial execution
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1493 mode for Edebug when it is first activated. Possible values are
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1494 @code{step}, @code{next}, @code{go}, @code{Go-nonstop}, @code{trace},
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1495 @code{Trace-fast}, @code{continue}, and @code{Continue-fast}.
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1496
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1497 The default value is @code{step}.
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1498 @xref{Edebug Execution Modes}.
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1499 @end defopt
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1500
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1501 @defopt edebug-trace
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1502 Non-@code{nil} means display a trace of function entry and exit.
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1503 Tracing output is displayed in a buffer named @samp{*edebug-trace*}, one
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1504 function entry or exit per line, indented by the recursion level.
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1505
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1506 The default value is @code{nil}.
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1507
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1508 Also see @code{edebug-tracing}, in @ref{Trace Buffer}.
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1509 @end defopt
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1510
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1511 @defopt edebug-test-coverage
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1512 If non-@code{nil}, Edebug tests coverage of all expressions debugged.
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1513 @xref{Coverage Testing}.
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1514 @end defopt
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1515
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1516 @defopt edebug-continue-kbd-macro
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1517 If non-@code{nil}, continue defining or executing any keyboard macro
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diff changeset
1518 that is executing outside of Edebug. Use this with caution since it is not
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diff changeset
1519 debugged.
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diff changeset
1520 @xref{Edebug Execution Modes}.
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1521 @end defopt
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diff changeset
1522
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1523 @defopt edebug-on-error
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diff changeset
1524 Edebug binds @code{debug-on-error} to this value, if
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diff changeset
1525 @code{debug-on-error} was previously @code{nil}. @xref{Trapping
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diff changeset
1526 Errors}.
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diff changeset
1527 @end defopt
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diff changeset
1528
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1529 @defopt edebug-on-quit
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diff changeset
1530 Edebug binds @code{debug-on-quit} to this value, if
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diff changeset
1531 @code{debug-on-quit} was previously @code{nil}. @xref{Trapping
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diff changeset
1532 Errors}.
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diff changeset
1533 @end defopt
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diff changeset
1534
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diff changeset
1535 If you change the values of @code{edebug-on-error} or
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1536 @code{edebug-on-quit} while Edebug is active, their values won't be used
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1537 until the @emph{next} time Edebug is invoked via a new command.
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1538 @c Not necessarily a deeper command level.
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diff changeset
1539 @c A new command is not precisely true, but that is close enough -- dan
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1540
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1541 @defopt edebug-global-break-condition
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diff changeset
1542 If non-@code{nil}, an expression to test for at every stop point.
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diff changeset
1543 If the result is non-nil, then break. Errors are ignored.
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1544 @xref{Global Break Condition}.
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1545 @end defopt