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annotate man/text.texi @ 61536:12fc771528fa
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author | Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz> |
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date | Wed, 13 Apr 2005 20:41:10 +0000 |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985,86,87,93,94,95,97,2000,2001, 2002, 2004 |
28328 | 3 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
5 @node Text, Programs, Indentation, Top | |
6 @chapter Commands for Human Languages | |
7 @cindex text | |
8 @cindex manipulating text | |
9 | |
10 The term @dfn{text} has two widespread meanings in our area of the | |
11 computer field. One is data that is a sequence of characters. Any file | |
12 that you edit with Emacs is text, in this sense of the word. The other | |
13 meaning is more restrictive: a sequence of characters in a human language | |
14 for humans to read (possibly after processing by a text formatter), as | |
15 opposed to a program or commands for a program. | |
16 | |
17 Human languages have syntactic/stylistic conventions that can be | |
18 supported or used to advantage by editor commands: conventions involving | |
19 words, sentences, paragraphs, and capital letters. This chapter | |
20 describes Emacs commands for all of these things. There are also | |
21 commands for @dfn{filling}, which means rearranging the lines of a | |
22 paragraph to be approximately equal in length. The commands for moving | |
23 over and killing words, sentences and paragraphs, while intended | |
24 primarily for editing text, are also often useful for editing programs. | |
25 | |
26 Emacs has several major modes for editing human-language text. If the | |
27 file contains text pure and simple, use Text mode, which customizes | |
28 Emacs in small ways for the syntactic conventions of text. Outline mode | |
29 provides special commands for operating on text with an outline | |
30 structure. | |
31 @iftex | |
32 @xref{Outline Mode}. | |
33 @end iftex | |
34 | |
35 For text which contains embedded commands for text formatters, Emacs | |
36 has other major modes, each for a particular text formatter. Thus, for | |
37 input to @TeX{}, you would use @TeX{} | |
38 @iftex | |
39 mode (@pxref{TeX Mode}). | |
40 @end iftex | |
41 @ifinfo | |
42 mode. | |
43 @end ifinfo | |
44 For input to nroff, use Nroff mode. | |
45 | |
46 Instead of using a text formatter, you can edit formatted text in | |
47 WYSIWYG style (``what you see is what you get''), with Enriched mode. | |
48 Then the formatting appears on the screen in Emacs while you edit. | |
49 @iftex | |
50 @xref{Formatted Text}. | |
51 @end iftex | |
52 | |
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53 @cindex skeletons |
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54 @cindex templates |
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55 @cindex autotyping |
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56 @cindex automatic typing |
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57 The ``automatic typing'' features may be useful when writing text. |
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58 @inforef{Top,, autotype}. |
27207 | 59 |
25829 | 60 @menu |
61 * Words:: Moving over and killing words. | |
62 * Sentences:: Moving over and killing sentences. | |
63 * Paragraphs:: Moving over paragraphs. | |
64 * Pages:: Moving over pages. | |
65 * Filling:: Filling or justifying text. | |
66 * Case:: Changing the case of text. | |
67 * Text Mode:: The major modes for editing text files. | |
68 * Outline Mode:: Editing outlines. | |
69 * TeX Mode:: Editing input to the formatter TeX. | |
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70 * HTML Mode:: Editing HTML, SGML, and XML files. |
25829 | 71 * Nroff Mode:: Editing input to the formatter nroff. |
72 * Formatted Text:: Editing formatted text directly in WYSIWYG fashion. | |
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73 * Text Based Tables:: Editing text-based tables in WYSIWYG fashion. |
25829 | 74 @end menu |
75 | |
76 @node Words | |
77 @section Words | |
78 @cindex words | |
79 @cindex Meta commands and words | |
80 | |
81 Emacs has commands for moving over or operating on words. By convention, | |
82 the keys for them are all Meta characters. | |
83 | |
84 @table @kbd | |
85 @item M-f | |
86 Move forward over a word (@code{forward-word}). | |
87 @item M-b | |
88 Move backward over a word (@code{backward-word}). | |
89 @item M-d | |
90 Kill up to the end of a word (@code{kill-word}). | |
91 @item M-@key{DEL} | |
92 Kill back to the beginning of a word (@code{backward-kill-word}). | |
93 @item M-@@ | |
94 Mark the end of the next word (@code{mark-word}). | |
95 @item M-t | |
96 Transpose two words or drag a word across other words | |
97 (@code{transpose-words}). | |
98 @end table | |
99 | |
100 Notice how these keys form a series that parallels the character-based | |
101 @kbd{C-f}, @kbd{C-b}, @kbd{C-d}, @key{DEL} and @kbd{C-t}. @kbd{M-@@} is | |
102 cognate to @kbd{C-@@}, which is an alias for @kbd{C-@key{SPC}}. | |
103 | |
104 @kindex M-f | |
105 @kindex M-b | |
106 @findex forward-word | |
107 @findex backward-word | |
108 The commands @kbd{M-f} (@code{forward-word}) and @kbd{M-b} | |
109 (@code{backward-word}) move forward and backward over words. These | |
110 Meta characters are thus analogous to the corresponding control | |
111 characters, @kbd{C-f} and @kbd{C-b}, which move over single characters | |
112 in the text. The analogy extends to numeric arguments, which serve as | |
113 repeat counts. @kbd{M-f} with a negative argument moves backward, and | |
114 @kbd{M-b} with a negative argument moves forward. Forward motion | |
115 stops right after the last letter of the word, while backward motion | |
116 stops right before the first letter.@refill | |
117 | |
118 @kindex M-d | |
119 @findex kill-word | |
120 @kbd{M-d} (@code{kill-word}) kills the word after point. To be | |
121 precise, it kills everything from point to the place @kbd{M-f} would | |
122 move to. Thus, if point is in the middle of a word, @kbd{M-d} kills | |
123 just the part after point. If some punctuation comes between point and the | |
124 next word, it is killed along with the word. (If you wish to kill only the | |
125 next word but not the punctuation before it, simply do @kbd{M-f} to get | |
126 the end, and kill the word backwards with @kbd{M-@key{DEL}}.) | |
127 @kbd{M-d} takes arguments just like @kbd{M-f}. | |
128 | |
129 @findex backward-kill-word | |
130 @kindex M-DEL | |
131 @kbd{M-@key{DEL}} (@code{backward-kill-word}) kills the word before | |
132 point. It kills everything from point back to where @kbd{M-b} would | |
133 move to. If point is after the space in @w{@samp{FOO, BAR}}, then | |
134 @w{@samp{FOO, }} is killed. (If you wish to kill just @samp{FOO}, and | |
135 not the comma and the space, use @kbd{M-b M-d} instead of | |
136 @kbd{M-@key{DEL}}.) | |
137 | |
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138 @c Don't index M-t and transpose-words here, they are indexed in |
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139 @c fixit.texi, in the node "Transpose". |
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140 @c @kindex M-t |
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141 @c @findex transpose-words |
25829 | 142 @kbd{M-t} (@code{transpose-words}) exchanges the word before or |
143 containing point with the following word. The delimiter characters between | |
144 the words do not move. For example, @w{@samp{FOO, BAR}} transposes into | |
145 @w{@samp{BAR, FOO}} rather than @samp{@w{BAR FOO,}}. @xref{Transpose}, for | |
146 more on transposition and on arguments to transposition commands. | |
147 | |
148 @kindex M-@@ | |
149 @findex mark-word | |
150 To operate on the next @var{n} words with an operation which applies | |
151 between point and mark, you can either set the mark at point and then move | |
152 over the words, or you can use the command @kbd{M-@@} (@code{mark-word}) | |
153 which does not move point, but sets the mark where @kbd{M-f} would move | |
154 to. @kbd{M-@@} accepts a numeric argument that says how many words to | |
155 scan for the place to put the mark. In Transient Mark mode, this command | |
156 activates the mark. | |
157 | |
158 The word commands' understanding of syntax is completely controlled by | |
159 the syntax table. Any character can, for example, be declared to be a word | |
160 delimiter. @xref{Syntax}. | |
161 | |
162 @node Sentences | |
163 @section Sentences | |
164 @cindex sentences | |
165 @cindex manipulating sentences | |
166 | |
167 The Emacs commands for manipulating sentences and paragraphs are mostly | |
168 on Meta keys, so as to be like the word-handling commands. | |
169 | |
170 @table @kbd | |
171 @item M-a | |
172 Move back to the beginning of the sentence (@code{backward-sentence}). | |
173 @item M-e | |
174 Move forward to the end of the sentence (@code{forward-sentence}). | |
175 @item M-k | |
176 Kill forward to the end of the sentence (@code{kill-sentence}). | |
177 @item C-x @key{DEL} | |
178 Kill back to the beginning of the sentence (@code{backward-kill-sentence}). | |
179 @end table | |
180 | |
181 @kindex M-a | |
182 @kindex M-e | |
183 @findex backward-sentence | |
184 @findex forward-sentence | |
185 The commands @kbd{M-a} and @kbd{M-e} (@code{backward-sentence} and | |
186 @code{forward-sentence}) move to the beginning and end of the current | |
187 sentence, respectively. They were chosen to resemble @kbd{C-a} and | |
59889 | 188 @kbd{C-e}, which move to the beginning and end of a line. Unlike |
189 them, @kbd{M-a} and @kbd{M-e} move over successive sentences if | |
190 repeated. | |
25829 | 191 |
192 Moving backward over a sentence places point just before the first | |
193 character of the sentence; moving forward places point right after the | |
194 punctuation that ends the sentence. Neither one moves over the | |
195 whitespace at the sentence boundary. | |
196 | |
197 @kindex M-k | |
198 @kindex C-x DEL | |
199 @findex kill-sentence | |
200 @findex backward-kill-sentence | |
201 Just as @kbd{C-a} and @kbd{C-e} have a kill command, @kbd{C-k}, to go | |
202 with them, so @kbd{M-a} and @kbd{M-e} have a corresponding kill command | |
203 @kbd{M-k} (@code{kill-sentence}) which kills from point to the end of | |
204 the sentence. With minus one as an argument it kills back to the | |
205 beginning of the sentence. Larger arguments serve as a repeat count. | |
206 There is also a command, @kbd{C-x @key{DEL}} | |
207 (@code{backward-kill-sentence}), for killing back to the beginning of a | |
208 sentence. This command is useful when you change your mind in the | |
209 middle of composing text.@refill | |
210 | |
211 The sentence commands assume that you follow the American typist's | |
212 convention of putting two spaces at the end of a sentence; they consider | |
213 a sentence to end wherever there is a @samp{.}, @samp{?} or @samp{!} | |
214 followed by the end of a line or two spaces, with any number of | |
215 @samp{)}, @samp{]}, @samp{'}, or @samp{"} characters allowed in between. | |
216 A sentence also begins or ends wherever a paragraph begins or ends. | |
217 | |
218 @vindex sentence-end | |
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219 The variable @code{sentence-end} controls recognition of the end of |
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220 a sentence. If non-@code{nil}, it is a regexp that matches the last |
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221 few characters of a sentence, together with the whitespace following |
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222 the sentence. If the value is @code{nil}, the default, then Emacs |
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223 computes the regexp according to various criteria. The result is |
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224 normally similar to the following regexp: |
25829 | 225 |
226 @example | |
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227 "[.?!][]\"')]*\\($\\| $\\|\t\\| \\)[ \t\n]*" |
25829 | 228 @end example |
229 | |
230 @noindent | |
231 This example is explained in the section on regexps. @xref{Regexps}. | |
232 | |
233 If you want to use just one space between sentences, you should | |
234 set @code{sentence-end} to this value: | |
235 | |
236 @example | |
237 "[.?!][]\"')]*\\($\\|\t\\| \\)[ \t\n]*" | |
238 @end example | |
239 | |
240 @noindent | |
59889 | 241 This is what setting the variable @code{sentence-end-double-space} to |
242 @code{nil} automatically does. But note that this makes it impossible | |
243 to distinguish between periods that end sentences and those that | |
244 indicate abbreviations. | |
25829 | 245 |
246 @node Paragraphs | |
247 @section Paragraphs | |
248 @cindex paragraphs | |
249 @cindex manipulating paragraphs | |
250 @kindex M-@{ | |
251 @kindex M-@} | |
252 @findex backward-paragraph | |
253 @findex forward-paragraph | |
254 | |
255 The Emacs commands for manipulating paragraphs are also Meta keys. | |
256 | |
257 @table @kbd | |
258 @item M-@{ | |
259 Move back to previous paragraph beginning (@code{backward-paragraph}). | |
260 @item M-@} | |
261 Move forward to next paragraph end (@code{forward-paragraph}). | |
262 @item M-h | |
263 Put point and mark around this or next paragraph (@code{mark-paragraph}). | |
264 @end table | |
265 | |
266 @kbd{M-@{} moves to the beginning of the current or previous | |
267 paragraph, while @kbd{M-@}} moves to the end of the current or next | |
268 paragraph. Blank lines and text-formatter command lines separate | |
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269 paragraphs and are not considered part of any paragraph. In Indented |
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270 Text mode, but not in Text mode, an indented line also starts a new |
59889 | 271 paragraph. If there is a blank line before the paragraph, @kbd{M-@{} |
272 moves to the blank line, because that is convenient in practice. | |
25829 | 273 |
274 In major modes for programs, paragraphs begin and end only at blank | |
275 lines. This makes the paragraph commands continue to be useful even | |
276 though there are no paragraphs per se. | |
277 | |
278 When there is a fill prefix, then paragraphs are delimited by all lines | |
279 which don't start with the fill prefix. @xref{Filling}. | |
280 | |
281 @kindex M-h | |
282 @findex mark-paragraph | |
283 When you wish to operate on a paragraph, you can use the command | |
284 @kbd{M-h} (@code{mark-paragraph}) to set the region around it. Thus, | |
285 for example, @kbd{M-h C-w} kills the paragraph around or after point. | |
286 The @kbd{M-h} command puts point at the beginning and mark at the end of | |
287 the paragraph point was in. In Transient Mark mode, it activates the | |
288 mark. If point is between paragraphs (in a run of blank lines, or at a | |
289 boundary), the paragraph following point is surrounded by point and | |
290 mark. If there are blank lines preceding the first line of the | |
291 paragraph, one of these blank lines is included in the region. | |
292 | |
293 @vindex paragraph-start | |
294 @vindex paragraph-separate | |
295 The precise definition of a paragraph boundary is controlled by the | |
296 variables @code{paragraph-separate} and @code{paragraph-start}. The | |
297 value of @code{paragraph-start} is a regexp that should match any line | |
298 that either starts or separates paragraphs. The value of | |
299 @code{paragraph-separate} is another regexp that should match only lines | |
300 that separate paragraphs without being part of any paragraph (for | |
301 example, blank lines). Lines that start a new paragraph and are | |
302 contained in it must match only @code{paragraph-start}, not | |
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303 @code{paragraph-separate}. Each regular expression must match at the |
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304 left margin. For example, in Fundamental mode, @code{paragraph-start} |
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305 is @w{@code{"\f\\|[ \t]*$"}}, and @code{paragraph-separate} is |
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306 @w{@code{"[ \t\f]*$"}}. |
25829 | 307 |
308 Normally it is desirable for page boundaries to separate paragraphs. | |
309 The default values of these variables recognize the usual separator for | |
310 pages. | |
311 | |
312 @node Pages | |
313 @section Pages | |
314 | |
315 @cindex pages | |
316 @cindex formfeed | |
317 Files are often thought of as divided into @dfn{pages} by the | |
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318 @dfn{formfeed} character (@acronym{ASCII} control-L, octal code 014). |
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319 When you print hardcopy for a file, this character forces a page break; |
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320 thus, each page of the file goes on a separate page on paper. Most Emacs |
25829 | 321 commands treat the page-separator character just like any other |
322 character: you can insert it with @kbd{C-q C-l}, and delete it with | |
323 @key{DEL}. Thus, you are free to paginate your file or not. However, | |
324 since pages are often meaningful divisions of the file, Emacs provides | |
325 commands to move over them and operate on them. | |
326 | |
327 @table @kbd | |
328 @item C-x [ | |
329 Move point to previous page boundary (@code{backward-page}). | |
330 @item C-x ] | |
331 Move point to next page boundary (@code{forward-page}). | |
332 @item C-x C-p | |
333 Put point and mark around this page (or another page) (@code{mark-page}). | |
334 @item C-x l | |
335 Count the lines in this page (@code{count-lines-page}). | |
336 @end table | |
337 | |
338 @kindex C-x [ | |
339 @kindex C-x ] | |
340 @findex forward-page | |
341 @findex backward-page | |
342 The @kbd{C-x [} (@code{backward-page}) command moves point to immediately | |
343 after the previous page delimiter. If point is already right after a page | |
344 delimiter, it skips that one and stops at the previous one. A numeric | |
345 argument serves as a repeat count. The @kbd{C-x ]} (@code{forward-page}) | |
346 command moves forward past the next page delimiter. | |
347 | |
348 @kindex C-x C-p | |
349 @findex mark-page | |
350 The @kbd{C-x C-p} command (@code{mark-page}) puts point at the | |
351 beginning of the current page and the mark at the end. The page | |
352 delimiter at the end is included (the mark follows it). The page | |
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353 delimiter at the front is excluded (point follows it). In Transient |
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354 Mark mode, this command activates the mark. |
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355 |
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356 @kbd{C-x C-p C-w} is a handy way to kill a page to move it |
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357 elsewhere. If you move to another page delimiter with @kbd{C-x [} and |
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358 @kbd{C-x ]}, then yank the killed page, all the pages will be properly |
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359 delimited once again. The reason @kbd{C-x C-p} includes only the |
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360 following page delimiter in the region is to ensure that. |
25829 | 361 |
362 A numeric argument to @kbd{C-x C-p} is used to specify which page to go | |
363 to, relative to the current one. Zero means the current page. One means | |
364 the next page, and @minus{}1 means the previous one. | |
365 | |
366 @kindex C-x l | |
367 @findex count-lines-page | |
368 The @kbd{C-x l} command (@code{count-lines-page}) is good for deciding | |
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369 where to break a page in two. It displays in the echo area the total number |
25829 | 370 of lines in the current page, and then divides it up into those preceding |
371 the current line and those following, as in | |
372 | |
373 @example | |
374 Page has 96 (72+25) lines | |
375 @end example | |
376 | |
377 @noindent | |
378 Notice that the sum is off by one; this is correct if point is not at the | |
379 beginning of a line. | |
380 | |
381 @vindex page-delimiter | |
382 The variable @code{page-delimiter} controls where pages begin. Its | |
383 value is a regexp that matches the beginning of a line that separates | |
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384 pages. The normal value of this variable is @code{"^\f"}, which |
25829 | 385 matches a formfeed character at the beginning of a line. |
386 | |
387 @node Filling | |
388 @section Filling Text | |
389 @cindex filling text | |
390 | |
391 @dfn{Filling} text means breaking it up into lines that fit a | |
392 specified width. Emacs does filling in two ways. In Auto Fill mode, | |
393 inserting text with self-inserting characters also automatically fills | |
394 it. There are also explicit fill commands that you can use when editing | |
395 text leaves it unfilled. When you edit formatted text, you can specify | |
396 a style of filling for each portion of the text (@pxref{Formatted | |
397 Text}). | |
398 | |
399 @menu | |
400 * Auto Fill:: Auto Fill mode breaks long lines automatically. | |
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401 * Refill:: Keeping paragraphs filled. |
25829 | 402 * Fill Commands:: Commands to refill paragraphs and center lines. |
403 * Fill Prefix:: Filling paragraphs that are indented | |
404 or in a comment, etc. | |
405 * Adaptive Fill:: How Emacs can determine the fill prefix automatically. | |
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406 * Longlines:: Editing text with very long lines. |
25829 | 407 @end menu |
408 | |
409 @node Auto Fill | |
410 @subsection Auto Fill Mode | |
411 @cindex Auto Fill mode | |
412 @cindex mode, Auto Fill | |
413 | |
414 @dfn{Auto Fill} mode is a minor mode in which lines are broken | |
415 automatically when they become too wide. Breaking happens only when | |
416 you type a @key{SPC} or @key{RET}. | |
417 | |
418 @table @kbd | |
419 @item M-x auto-fill-mode | |
420 Enable or disable Auto Fill mode. | |
421 @item @key{SPC} | |
422 @itemx @key{RET} | |
423 In Auto Fill mode, break lines when appropriate. | |
424 @end table | |
425 | |
426 @findex auto-fill-mode | |
427 @kbd{M-x auto-fill-mode} turns Auto Fill mode on if it was off, or off | |
428 if it was on. With a positive numeric argument it always turns Auto | |
429 Fill mode on, and with a negative argument always turns it off. You can | |
430 see when Auto Fill mode is in effect by the presence of the word | |
431 @samp{Fill} in the mode line, inside the parentheses. Auto Fill mode is | |
432 a minor mode which is enabled or disabled for each buffer individually. | |
433 @xref{Minor Modes}. | |
434 | |
435 In Auto Fill mode, lines are broken automatically at spaces when they | |
436 get longer than the desired width. Line breaking and rearrangement | |
437 takes place only when you type @key{SPC} or @key{RET}. If you wish to | |
438 insert a space or newline without permitting line-breaking, type | |
439 @kbd{C-q @key{SPC}} or @kbd{C-q C-j} (recall that a newline is really a | |
440 control-J). Also, @kbd{C-o} inserts a newline without line breaking. | |
441 | |
442 Auto Fill mode works well with programming-language modes, because it | |
443 indents new lines with @key{TAB}. If a line ending in a comment gets | |
444 too long, the text of the comment is split into two comment lines. | |
445 Optionally, new comment delimiters are inserted at the end of the first | |
446 line and the beginning of the second so that each line is a separate | |
447 comment; the variable @code{comment-multi-line} controls the choice | |
448 (@pxref{Comments}). | |
449 | |
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450 Adaptive filling (@pxref{Adaptive Fill}) works for Auto Filling as |
25829 | 451 well as for explicit fill commands. It takes a fill prefix |
452 automatically from the second or first line of a paragraph. | |
453 | |
454 Auto Fill mode does not refill entire paragraphs; it can break lines but | |
455 cannot merge lines. So editing in the middle of a paragraph can result in | |
456 a paragraph that is not correctly filled. The easiest way to make the | |
457 paragraph properly filled again is usually with the explicit fill commands. | |
458 @ifinfo | |
459 @xref{Fill Commands}. | |
460 @end ifinfo | |
461 | |
462 Many users like Auto Fill mode and want to use it in all text files. | |
463 The section on init files says how to arrange this permanently for yourself. | |
464 @xref{Init File}. | |
465 | |
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466 @node Refill |
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467 @subsection Refill Mode |
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468 @cindex refilling text, word processor style |
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469 @cindex modes, Refill |
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470 @cindex Refill minor mode |
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471 |
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472 Refill minor mode provides support for keeping paragraphs filled as |
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473 you type or modify them in other ways. It provides an effect similar |
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474 to typical word processor behavior. This works by running a |
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475 paragraph-filling command at suitable times. |
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476 |
36299 | 477 To toggle the use of Refill mode in the current buffer, type |
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478 @kbd{M-x refill-mode}. When you are typing text, only characters |
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479 which normally trigger auto filling, like the space character, will |
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480 trigger refilling. This is to avoid making it too slow. Apart from |
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481 self-inserting characters, other commands which modify the text cause |
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482 refilling. |
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483 |
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484 The current implementation is preliminary and not robust. You can |
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485 get better ``line wrapping'' behavior using Longlines mode. |
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486 @xref{Longlines}. However, Longlines mode has an important |
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487 side-effect: the newlines that it inserts for you are not saved to |
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488 disk, so the files that you make with Longlines mode will appear to be |
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489 completely unfilled if you edit them without Longlines mode. |
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490 |
25829 | 491 @node Fill Commands |
492 @subsection Explicit Fill Commands | |
493 | |
494 @table @kbd | |
495 @item M-q | |
496 Fill current paragraph (@code{fill-paragraph}). | |
497 @item C-x f | |
498 Set the fill column (@code{set-fill-column}). | |
499 @item M-x fill-region | |
500 Fill each paragraph in the region (@code{fill-region}). | |
501 @item M-x fill-region-as-paragraph | |
502 Fill the region, considering it as one paragraph. | |
503 @item M-s | |
504 Center a line. | |
505 @end table | |
506 | |
507 @kindex M-q | |
508 @findex fill-paragraph | |
509 To refill a paragraph, use the command @kbd{M-q} | |
510 (@code{fill-paragraph}). This operates on the paragraph that point is | |
511 inside, or the one after point if point is between paragraphs. | |
512 Refilling works by removing all the line-breaks, then inserting new ones | |
513 where necessary. | |
514 | |
515 @findex fill-region | |
516 To refill many paragraphs, use @kbd{M-x fill-region}, which | |
517 divides the region into paragraphs and fills each of them. | |
518 | |
519 @findex fill-region-as-paragraph | |
520 @kbd{M-q} and @code{fill-region} use the same criteria as @kbd{M-h} | |
521 for finding paragraph boundaries (@pxref{Paragraphs}). For more | |
522 control, you can use @kbd{M-x fill-region-as-paragraph}, which refills | |
523 everything between point and mark. This command deletes any blank lines | |
524 within the region, so separate blocks of text end up combined into one | |
525 block.@refill | |
526 | |
527 @cindex justification | |
528 A numeric argument to @kbd{M-q} causes it to @dfn{justify} the text as | |
529 well as filling it. This means that extra spaces are inserted to make | |
530 the right margin line up exactly at the fill column. To remove the | |
531 extra spaces, use @kbd{M-q} with no argument. (Likewise for | |
532 @code{fill-region}.) Another way to control justification, and choose | |
533 other styles of filling, is with the @code{justification} text property; | |
534 see @ref{Format Justification}. | |
535 | |
536 @kindex M-s @r{(Text mode)} | |
537 @cindex centering | |
538 @findex center-line | |
539 The command @kbd{M-s} (@code{center-line}) centers the current line | |
540 within the current fill column. With an argument @var{n}, it centers | |
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541 @var{n} lines individually and moves past them. This binding is |
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542 made by Text mode and is available only in that and related modes |
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543 (@pxref{Text Mode}). |
25829 | 544 |
545 @vindex fill-column | |
546 @kindex C-x f | |
547 @findex set-fill-column | |
548 The maximum line width for filling is in the variable | |
549 @code{fill-column}. Altering the value of @code{fill-column} makes it | |
550 local to the current buffer; until that time, the default value is in | |
551 effect. The default is initially 70. @xref{Locals}. The easiest way | |
552 to set @code{fill-column} is to use the command @kbd{C-x f} | |
553 (@code{set-fill-column}). With a numeric argument, it uses that as the | |
554 new fill column. With just @kbd{C-u} as argument, it sets | |
555 @code{fill-column} to the current horizontal position of point. | |
556 | |
557 Emacs commands normally consider a period followed by two spaces or by | |
558 a newline as the end of a sentence; a period followed by just one space | |
559 indicates an abbreviation and not the end of a sentence. To preserve | |
560 the distinction between these two ways of using a period, the fill | |
561 commands do not break a line after a period followed by just one space. | |
562 | |
563 @vindex sentence-end-double-space | |
564 If the variable @code{sentence-end-double-space} is @code{nil}, the | |
565 fill commands expect and leave just one space at the end of a sentence. | |
566 Ordinarily this variable is @code{t}, so the fill commands insist on | |
567 two spaces for the end of a sentence, as explained above. @xref{Sentences}. | |
568 | |
569 @vindex colon-double-space | |
570 If the variable @code{colon-double-space} is non-@code{nil}, the | |
571 fill commands put two spaces after a colon. | |
572 | |
31950 | 573 @vindex sentence-end-without-period |
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574 Some languages do not use period to indicate end of sentence. For |
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575 example, a sentence in Thai text ends with double space but without a |
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576 period. Set the variable @code{sentence-end-without-period} to |
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577 @code{t} to tell the sentence commands that a period is not necessary. |
31950 | 578 |
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579 @vindex fill-nobreak-predicate |
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580 The variable @code{fill-nobreak-predicate} specifies additional |
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581 conditions for where line-breaking is allowed. Its value is either |
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582 @code{nil} or a Lisp function; the function is called with no |
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583 arguments, and if it returns a non-@code{nil} value, then point is not |
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584 a good place to break the line. Two standard functions you can use are |
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585 @code{fill-single-word-nobreak-p} (don't break after the first word of |
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586 a sentence or before the last) and @code{fill-french-nobreak-p} (don't |
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587 break after @samp{(} or before @samp{)}, @samp{:} or @samp{?}). |
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588 |
25829 | 589 @node Fill Prefix |
590 @subsection The Fill Prefix | |
591 | |
592 @cindex fill prefix | |
593 To fill a paragraph in which each line starts with a special marker | |
594 (which might be a few spaces, giving an indented paragraph), you can use | |
595 the @dfn{fill prefix} feature. The fill prefix is a string that Emacs | |
596 expects every line to start with, and which is not included in filling. | |
597 You can specify a fill prefix explicitly; Emacs can also deduce the | |
598 fill prefix automatically (@pxref{Adaptive Fill}). | |
599 | |
600 @table @kbd | |
601 @item C-x . | |
602 Set the fill prefix (@code{set-fill-prefix}). | |
603 @item M-q | |
604 Fill a paragraph using current fill prefix (@code{fill-paragraph}). | |
605 @item M-x fill-individual-paragraphs | |
606 Fill the region, considering each change of indentation as starting a | |
607 new paragraph. | |
608 @item M-x fill-nonuniform-paragraphs | |
609 Fill the region, considering only paragraph-separator lines as starting | |
610 a new paragraph. | |
611 @end table | |
612 | |
613 @kindex C-x . | |
614 @findex set-fill-prefix | |
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615 To specify a fill prefix for the current buffer, move to a line that |
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616 starts with the desired prefix, put point at the end of the prefix, |
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617 and give the command @w{@kbd{C-x .}}@: (@code{set-fill-prefix}). |
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618 That's a period after the @kbd{C-x}. To turn off the fill prefix, |
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619 specify an empty prefix: type @w{@kbd{C-x .}}@: with point at the |
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620 beginning of a line.@refill |
25829 | 621 |
622 When a fill prefix is in effect, the fill commands remove the fill | |
623 prefix from each line before filling and insert it on each line after | |
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624 filling. (The beginning of the first line is left unchanged, since |
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625 often that is intentionally different.) Auto Fill mode also inserts |
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626 the fill prefix automatically when it makes a new line. The @kbd{C-o} |
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627 command inserts the fill prefix on new lines it creates, when you use |
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628 it at the beginning of a line (@pxref{Blank Lines}). Conversely, the |
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629 command @kbd{M-^} deletes the prefix (if it occurs) after the newline |
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630 that it deletes (@pxref{Indentation}). |
25829 | 631 |
632 For example, if @code{fill-column} is 40 and you set the fill prefix | |
633 to @samp{;; }, then @kbd{M-q} in the following text | |
634 | |
635 @example | |
636 ;; This is an | |
637 ;; example of a paragraph | |
638 ;; inside a Lisp-style comment. | |
639 @end example | |
640 | |
641 @noindent | |
642 produces this: | |
643 | |
644 @example | |
645 ;; This is an example of a paragraph | |
646 ;; inside a Lisp-style comment. | |
647 @end example | |
648 | |
649 Lines that do not start with the fill prefix are considered to start | |
650 paragraphs, both in @kbd{M-q} and the paragraph commands; this gives | |
651 good results for paragraphs with hanging indentation (every line | |
652 indented except the first one). Lines which are blank or indented once | |
653 the prefix is removed also separate or start paragraphs; this is what | |
654 you want if you are writing multi-paragraph comments with a comment | |
655 delimiter on each line. | |
656 | |
657 @findex fill-individual-paragraphs | |
658 You can use @kbd{M-x fill-individual-paragraphs} to set the fill | |
659 prefix for each paragraph automatically. This command divides the | |
660 region into paragraphs, treating every change in the amount of | |
661 indentation as the start of a new paragraph, and fills each of these | |
662 paragraphs. Thus, all the lines in one ``paragraph'' have the same | |
663 amount of indentation. That indentation serves as the fill prefix for | |
664 that paragraph. | |
665 | |
666 @findex fill-nonuniform-paragraphs | |
667 @kbd{M-x fill-nonuniform-paragraphs} is a similar command that divides | |
668 the region into paragraphs in a different way. It considers only | |
669 paragraph-separating lines (as defined by @code{paragraph-separate}) as | |
670 starting a new paragraph. Since this means that the lines of one | |
671 paragraph may have different amounts of indentation, the fill prefix | |
672 used is the smallest amount of indentation of any of the lines of the | |
673 paragraph. This gives good results with styles that indent a paragraph's | |
674 first line more or less that the rest of the paragraph. | |
675 | |
676 @vindex fill-prefix | |
677 The fill prefix is stored in the variable @code{fill-prefix}. Its value | |
678 is a string, or @code{nil} when there is no fill prefix. This is a | |
679 per-buffer variable; altering the variable affects only the current buffer, | |
680 but there is a default value which you can change as well. @xref{Locals}. | |
681 | |
682 The @code{indentation} text property provides another way to control | |
683 the amount of indentation paragraphs receive. @xref{Format Indentation}. | |
684 | |
685 @node Adaptive Fill | |
686 @subsection Adaptive Filling | |
687 | |
688 @cindex adaptive filling | |
689 The fill commands can deduce the proper fill prefix for a paragraph | |
690 automatically in certain cases: either whitespace or certain punctuation | |
691 characters at the beginning of a line are propagated to all lines of the | |
692 paragraph. | |
693 | |
694 If the paragraph has two or more lines, the fill prefix is taken from | |
695 the paragraph's second line, but only if it appears on the first line as | |
696 well. | |
697 | |
698 If a paragraph has just one line, fill commands @emph{may} take a | |
699 prefix from that line. The decision is complicated because there are | |
700 three reasonable things to do in such a case: | |
701 | |
702 @itemize @bullet | |
703 @item | |
704 Use the first line's prefix on all the lines of the paragraph. | |
705 | |
706 @item | |
707 Indent subsequent lines with whitespace, so that they line up under the | |
708 text that follows the prefix on the first line, but don't actually copy | |
709 the prefix from the first line. | |
710 | |
711 @item | |
712 Don't do anything special with the second and following lines. | |
713 @end itemize | |
714 | |
715 All three of these styles of formatting are commonly used. So the | |
716 fill commands try to determine what you would like, based on the prefix | |
717 that appears and on the major mode. Here is how. | |
718 | |
719 @vindex adaptive-fill-first-line-regexp | |
720 If the prefix found on the first line matches | |
721 @code{adaptive-fill-first-line-regexp}, or if it appears to be a | |
722 comment-starting sequence (this depends on the major mode), then the | |
723 prefix found is used for filling the paragraph, provided it would not | |
724 act as a paragraph starter on subsequent lines. | |
725 | |
726 Otherwise, the prefix found is converted to an equivalent number of | |
727 spaces, and those spaces are used as the fill prefix for the rest of the | |
728 lines, provided they would not act as a paragraph starter on subsequent | |
729 lines. | |
730 | |
731 In Text mode, and other modes where only blank lines and page | |
732 delimiters separate paragraphs, the prefix chosen by adaptive filling | |
733 never acts as a paragraph starter, so it can always be used for filling. | |
734 | |
735 @vindex adaptive-fill-mode | |
736 @vindex adaptive-fill-regexp | |
737 The variable @code{adaptive-fill-regexp} determines what kinds of line | |
738 beginnings can serve as a fill prefix: any characters at the start of | |
739 the line that match this regular expression are used. If you set the | |
740 variable @code{adaptive-fill-mode} to @code{nil}, the fill prefix is | |
741 never chosen automatically. | |
742 | |
743 @vindex adaptive-fill-function | |
744 You can specify more complex ways of choosing a fill prefix | |
745 automatically by setting the variable @code{adaptive-fill-function} to a | |
746 function. This function is called with point after the left margin of a | |
747 line, and it should return the appropriate fill prefix based on that | |
748 line. If it returns @code{nil}, that means it sees no fill prefix in | |
749 that line. | |
750 | |
61115
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751 @node Longlines |
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752 @subsection Long Lines Mode |
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753 @cindex refilling text, word processor style |
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754 @cindex modes, Long Lines |
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755 @cindex word wrap |
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756 @cindex Long Lines minor mode |
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757 |
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758 Long Lines mode is a minor mode for @dfn{word wrapping}; it lets you |
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759 edit ``unfilled'' text files, which Emacs would normally display as a |
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760 bunch of extremely long lines. Many text editors, such as those built |
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761 into many web browsers, normally do word wrapping. |
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762 |
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763 @findex longlines-mode |
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764 To enable Long Lines mode, type @kbd{M-x longlines-mode}. If the |
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765 text is full of long lines, this will ``wrap'' them |
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766 immediately---i.e., break up to fit in the window. As you edit the |
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767 text, Long Lines mode automatically re-wraps lines by inserting or |
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768 deleting @dfn{soft newlines} as necessary (@pxref{Hard and Soft |
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769 Newlines}.) These soft newlines won't show up when you save the |
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770 buffer into a file, or when you copy the text into the kill ring, |
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771 clipboard, or a register. |
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772 |
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773 @findex longlines-auto-wrap |
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774 Word wrapping is @emph{not} the same as ordinary filling |
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775 (@pxref{Fill Commands}). It does not contract multiple spaces into a |
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776 single space, recognize fill prefixes (@pxref{Fill Prefix}), or |
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777 perform adaptive filling (@pxref{Adaptive Fill}). The reason for this |
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778 is that a wrapped line is still, conceptually, a single line. Each |
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779 soft newline is equivalent to exactly one space in that long line, and |
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780 vice versa. However, you can still call filling functions such as |
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781 @kbd{M-q}, and these will work as expected, inserting soft newlines |
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782 that won't show up on disk or when the text is copied. You can even |
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783 rely entirely on the normal fill commands by turning off automatic |
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784 line wrapping, with @kbd{C-u M-x longlines-auto-wrap}. To turn |
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785 automatic line wrapping back on, type @kbd{M-x longlines-auto-wrap}. |
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786 |
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787 @findex longlines-show-hard-newlines |
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788 Whenever you type @kbd{RET}, you are inserting a hard newline. If |
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789 you want to see where all the hard newlines are, type @kbd{M-x |
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790 longlines-show-hard-newlines}. This will mark each hard newline with |
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791 a special symbol. The same command with a prefix argument turns this |
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792 display off. |
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793 |
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794 Long Lines mode does not change normal text files that are already |
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795 filled, since the existing newlines are considered hard newlines. |
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796 Before Long Lines can do anything, you need to transform each |
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797 paragraph into a long line. One way is to set @code{fill-column} to a |
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798 large number (e.g., @kbd{C-u 9999 C-x f}), re-fill all the paragraphs, |
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799 and then set @code{fill-column} back to its original value. |
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800 |
25829 | 801 @node Case |
802 @section Case Conversion Commands | |
803 @cindex case conversion | |
804 | |
805 Emacs has commands for converting either a single word or any arbitrary | |
806 range of text to upper case or to lower case. | |
807 | |
808 @table @kbd | |
809 @item M-l | |
810 Convert following word to lower case (@code{downcase-word}). | |
811 @item M-u | |
812 Convert following word to upper case (@code{upcase-word}). | |
813 @item M-c | |
814 Capitalize the following word (@code{capitalize-word}). | |
815 @item C-x C-l | |
816 Convert region to lower case (@code{downcase-region}). | |
817 @item C-x C-u | |
818 Convert region to upper case (@code{upcase-region}). | |
819 @end table | |
820 | |
821 @kindex M-l | |
822 @kindex M-u | |
823 @kindex M-c | |
824 @cindex words, case conversion | |
825 @cindex converting text to upper or lower case | |
826 @cindex capitalizing words | |
827 @findex downcase-word | |
828 @findex upcase-word | |
829 @findex capitalize-word | |
830 The word conversion commands are the most useful. @kbd{M-l} | |
831 (@code{downcase-word}) converts the word after point to lower case, moving | |
832 past it. Thus, repeating @kbd{M-l} converts successive words. | |
833 @kbd{M-u} (@code{upcase-word}) converts to all capitals instead, while | |
834 @kbd{M-c} (@code{capitalize-word}) puts the first letter of the word | |
835 into upper case and the rest into lower case. All these commands convert | |
836 several words at once if given an argument. They are especially convenient | |
837 for converting a large amount of text from all upper case to mixed case, | |
838 because you can move through the text using @kbd{M-l}, @kbd{M-u} or | |
839 @kbd{M-c} on each word as appropriate, occasionally using @kbd{M-f} instead | |
840 to skip a word. | |
841 | |
842 When given a negative argument, the word case conversion commands apply | |
843 to the appropriate number of words before point, but do not move point. | |
844 This is convenient when you have just typed a word in the wrong case: you | |
845 can give the case conversion command and continue typing. | |
846 | |
847 If a word case conversion command is given in the middle of a word, it | |
848 applies only to the part of the word which follows point. This is just | |
849 like what @kbd{M-d} (@code{kill-word}) does. With a negative argument, | |
850 case conversion applies only to the part of the word before point. | |
851 | |
852 @kindex C-x C-l | |
853 @kindex C-x C-u | |
854 @findex downcase-region | |
855 @findex upcase-region | |
856 The other case conversion commands are @kbd{C-x C-u} | |
857 (@code{upcase-region}) and @kbd{C-x C-l} (@code{downcase-region}), which | |
858 convert everything between point and mark to the specified case. Point and | |
859 mark do not move. | |
860 | |
861 The region case conversion commands @code{upcase-region} and | |
862 @code{downcase-region} are normally disabled. This means that they ask | |
863 for confirmation if you try to use them. When you confirm, you may | |
864 enable the command, which means it will not ask for confirmation again. | |
865 @xref{Disabling}. | |
866 | |
867 @node Text Mode | |
868 @section Text Mode | |
869 @cindex Text mode | |
870 @cindex mode, Text | |
871 @findex text-mode | |
872 | |
873 When you edit files of text in a human language, it's more convenient | |
874 to use Text mode rather than Fundamental mode. To enter Text mode, type | |
875 @kbd{M-x text-mode}. | |
876 | |
877 In Text mode, only blank lines and page delimiters separate | |
878 paragraphs. As a result, paragraphs can be indented, and adaptive | |
879 filling determines what indentation to use when filling a paragraph. | |
880 @xref{Adaptive Fill}. | |
881 | |
882 @kindex TAB @r{(Text mode)} | |
883 Text mode defines @key{TAB} to run @code{indent-relative} | |
884 (@pxref{Indentation}), so that you can conveniently indent a line like | |
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885 the previous line. |
25829 | 886 |
887 Text mode turns off the features concerned with comments except when | |
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888 you explicitly invoke them. It changes the syntax table so that |
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889 single-quotes are considered part of words. However, if a word starts |
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890 with single-quotes, then these are treated as a prefix for purposes |
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891 such as capitalization. That is, @kbd{M-c} will convert |
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892 @samp{'hello'} into @samp{'Hello'}, as expected. |
25829 | 893 |
894 @cindex Paragraph-Indent Text mode | |
895 @cindex mode, Paragraph-Indent Text | |
896 @findex paragraph-indent-text-mode | |
27207 | 897 @findex paragraph-indent-minor-mode |
25829 | 898 If you indent the first lines of paragraphs, then you should use |
899 Paragraph-Indent Text mode rather than Text mode. In this mode, you do | |
900 not need to have blank lines between paragraphs, because the first-line | |
901 indentation is sufficient to start a paragraph; however paragraphs in | |
902 which every line is indented are not supported. Use @kbd{M-x | |
27207 | 903 paragraph-indent-text-mode} to enter this mode. Use @kbd{M-x |
904 paragraph-indent-minor-mode} to enter an equivalent minor mode, for | |
905 instance during mail composition. | |
25829 | 906 |
907 @kindex M-TAB @r{(Text mode)} | |
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908 Text mode, and all the modes based on it, define @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} |
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909 as the command @code{ispell-complete-word}, which performs completion |
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910 of the partial word in the buffer before point, using the spelling |
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911 dictionary as the space of possible words. @xref{Spelling}. If your |
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912 window manager defines @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} to switch windows, you can |
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913 type @kbd{@key{ESC} @key{TAB}} or @kbd{C-M-i}. |
25829 | 914 |
915 @vindex text-mode-hook | |
916 Entering Text mode runs the hook @code{text-mode-hook}. Other major | |
917 modes related to Text mode also run this hook, followed by hooks of | |
918 their own; this includes Paragraph-Indent Text mode, Nroff mode, @TeX{} | |
919 mode, Outline mode, and Mail mode. Hook functions on | |
920 @code{text-mode-hook} can look at the value of @code{major-mode} to see | |
921 which of these modes is actually being entered. @xref{Hooks}. | |
922 | |
923 @ifinfo | |
924 Emacs provides two other modes for editing text that is to be passed | |
925 through a text formatter to produce fancy formatted printed output. | |
926 @xref{Nroff Mode}, for editing input to the formatter nroff. | |
927 @xref{TeX Mode}, for editing input to the formatter TeX. | |
928 | |
929 Another mode is used for editing outlines. It allows you to view the | |
930 text at various levels of detail. You can view either the outline | |
931 headings alone or both headings and text; you can also hide some of the | |
932 headings at lower levels from view to make the high level structure more | |
933 visible. @xref{Outline Mode}. | |
934 @end ifinfo | |
935 | |
936 @node Outline Mode | |
937 @section Outline Mode | |
938 @cindex Outline mode | |
939 @cindex mode, Outline | |
940 @cindex invisible lines | |
941 | |
942 @findex outline-mode | |
943 @findex outline-minor-mode | |
944 @vindex outline-minor-mode-prefix | |
945 Outline mode is a major mode much like Text mode but intended for | |
946 editing outlines. It allows you to make parts of the text temporarily | |
947 invisible so that you can see the outline structure. Type @kbd{M-x | |
948 outline-mode} to switch to Outline mode as the major mode of the current | |
949 buffer. | |
950 | |
59889 | 951 When Outline mode makes a line invisible, the line does not appear |
952 on the screen. The screen appears exactly as if the invisible line | |
953 were deleted, except that an ellipsis (three periods in a row) appears | |
954 at the end of the previous visible line. (Multiple consecutive | |
955 invisible lines produce just one ellipsis.) | |
25829 | 956 |
957 Editing commands that operate on lines, such as @kbd{C-n} and | |
958 @kbd{C-p}, treat the text of the invisible line as part of the previous | |
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959 visible line. Killing the ellipsis at the end of a visible line |
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960 really kills all the following invisible lines. |
25829 | 961 |
962 Outline minor mode provides the same commands as the major mode, | |
963 Outline mode, but you can use it in conjunction with other major modes. | |
964 Type @kbd{M-x outline-minor-mode} to enable the Outline minor mode in | |
965 the current buffer. You can also specify this in the text of a file, | |
966 with a file local variable of the form @samp{mode: outline-minor} | |
967 (@pxref{File Variables}). | |
968 | |
969 @kindex C-c @@ @r{(Outline minor mode)} | |
970 The major mode, Outline mode, provides special key bindings on the | |
971 @kbd{C-c} prefix. Outline minor mode provides similar bindings with | |
972 @kbd{C-c @@} as the prefix; this is to reduce the conflicts with the | |
973 major mode's special commands. (The variable | |
974 @code{outline-minor-mode-prefix} controls the prefix used.) | |
975 | |
976 @vindex outline-mode-hook | |
977 Entering Outline mode runs the hook @code{text-mode-hook} followed by | |
978 the hook @code{outline-mode-hook} (@pxref{Hooks}). | |
979 | |
980 @menu | |
981 * Format: Outline Format. What the text of an outline looks like. | |
982 * Motion: Outline Motion. Special commands for moving through | |
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983 outlines. |
25829 | 984 * Visibility: Outline Visibility. Commands to control what is visible. |
985 * Views: Outline Views. Outlines and multiple views. | |
59889 | 986 * Foldout:: Folding means zooming in on outlines. |
25829 | 987 @end menu |
988 | |
989 @node Outline Format | |
990 @subsection Format of Outlines | |
991 | |
992 @cindex heading lines (Outline mode) | |
993 @cindex body lines (Outline mode) | |
994 Outline mode assumes that the lines in the buffer are of two types: | |
995 @dfn{heading lines} and @dfn{body lines}. A heading line represents a | |
996 topic in the outline. Heading lines start with one or more stars; the | |
997 number of stars determines the depth of the heading in the outline | |
998 structure. Thus, a heading line with one star is a major topic; all the | |
999 heading lines with two stars between it and the next one-star heading | |
1000 are its subtopics; and so on. Any line that is not a heading line is a | |
1001 body line. Body lines belong with the preceding heading line. Here is | |
1002 an example: | |
1003 | |
1004 @example | |
1005 * Food | |
1006 This is the body, | |
1007 which says something about the topic of food. | |
1008 | |
1009 ** Delicious Food | |
1010 This is the body of the second-level header. | |
1011 | |
1012 ** Distasteful Food | |
1013 This could have | |
1014 a body too, with | |
1015 several lines. | |
1016 | |
1017 *** Dormitory Food | |
1018 | |
1019 * Shelter | |
1020 Another first-level topic with its header line. | |
1021 @end example | |
1022 | |
1023 A heading line together with all following body lines is called | |
1024 collectively an @dfn{entry}. A heading line together with all following | |
1025 deeper heading lines and their body lines is called a @dfn{subtree}. | |
1026 | |
1027 @vindex outline-regexp | |
1028 You can customize the criterion for distinguishing heading lines | |
1029 by setting the variable @code{outline-regexp}. Any line whose | |
1030 beginning has a match for this regexp is considered a heading line. | |
1031 Matches that start within a line (not at the left margin) do not count. | |
1032 The length of the matching text determines the level of the heading; | |
1033 longer matches make a more deeply nested level. Thus, for example, | |
1034 if a text formatter has commands @samp{@@chapter}, @samp{@@section} | |
1035 and @samp{@@subsection} to divide the document into chapters and | |
1036 sections, you could make those lines count as heading lines by | |
1037 setting @code{outline-regexp} to @samp{"@@chap\\|@@\\(sub\\)*section"}. | |
1038 Note the trick: the two words @samp{chapter} and @samp{section} are equally | |
1039 long, but by defining the regexp to match only @samp{chap} we ensure | |
1040 that the length of the text matched on a chapter heading is shorter, | |
1041 so that Outline mode will know that sections are contained in chapters. | |
1042 This works as long as no other command starts with @samp{@@chap}. | |
1043 | |
1044 @vindex outline-level | |
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1045 You can change the rule for calculating the level of a heading line |
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1046 by setting the variable @code{outline-level}. The value of |
25829 | 1047 @code{outline-level} should be a function that takes no arguments and |
1048 returns the level of the current heading. Some major modes such as C, | |
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1049 Nroff, and Emacs Lisp mode set this variable and @code{outline-regexp} |
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1050 in order to work with Outline minor mode. |
25829 | 1051 |
1052 @node Outline Motion | |
1053 @subsection Outline Motion Commands | |
1054 | |
1055 Outline mode provides special motion commands that move backward and | |
1056 forward to heading lines. | |
1057 | |
1058 @table @kbd | |
1059 @item C-c C-n | |
1060 Move point to the next visible heading line | |
1061 (@code{outline-next-visible-heading}). | |
1062 @item C-c C-p | |
1063 Move point to the previous visible heading line | |
1064 (@code{outline-previous-visible-heading}). | |
1065 @item C-c C-f | |
1066 Move point to the next visible heading line at the same level | |
1067 as the one point is on (@code{outline-forward-same-level}). | |
1068 @item C-c C-b | |
1069 Move point to the previous visible heading line at the same level | |
1070 (@code{outline-backward-same-level}). | |
1071 @item C-c C-u | |
1072 Move point up to a lower-level (more inclusive) visible heading line | |
1073 (@code{outline-up-heading}). | |
1074 @end table | |
1075 | |
1076 @findex outline-next-visible-heading | |
1077 @findex outline-previous-visible-heading | |
1078 @kindex C-c C-n @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1079 @kindex C-c C-p @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1080 @kbd{C-c C-n} (@code{outline-next-visible-heading}) moves down to the next | |
1081 heading line. @kbd{C-c C-p} (@code{outline-previous-visible-heading}) moves | |
1082 similarly backward. Both accept numeric arguments as repeat counts. The | |
1083 names emphasize that invisible headings are skipped, but this is not really | |
1084 a special feature. All editing commands that look for lines ignore the | |
1085 invisible lines automatically.@refill | |
1086 | |
1087 @findex outline-up-heading | |
1088 @findex outline-forward-same-level | |
1089 @findex outline-backward-same-level | |
1090 @kindex C-c C-f @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1091 @kindex C-c C-b @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1092 @kindex C-c C-u @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1093 More powerful motion commands understand the level structure of headings. | |
1094 @kbd{C-c C-f} (@code{outline-forward-same-level}) and | |
1095 @kbd{C-c C-b} (@code{outline-backward-same-level}) move from one | |
1096 heading line to another visible heading at the same depth in | |
1097 the outline. @kbd{C-c C-u} (@code{outline-up-heading}) moves | |
1098 backward to another heading that is less deeply nested. | |
1099 | |
1100 @node Outline Visibility | |
1101 @subsection Outline Visibility Commands | |
1102 | |
1103 The other special commands of outline mode are used to make lines visible | |
1104 or invisible. Their names all start with @code{hide} or @code{show}. | |
1105 Most of them fall into pairs of opposites. They are not undoable; instead, | |
1106 you can undo right past them. Making lines visible or invisible is simply | |
1107 not recorded by the undo mechanism. | |
1108 | |
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1109 Many of these commands act on the ``current'' heading line. If |
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1110 point is on a heading line, that is the current heading line; if point |
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1111 is on a body line, the current heading line is the nearest preceding |
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1112 header line. |
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1113 |
25829 | 1114 @table @kbd |
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1115 @item C-c C-c |
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1116 Make the current heading line's body invisible (@code{hide-entry}). |
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1117 @item C-c C-e |
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1118 Make the current heading line's body visible (@code{show-entry}). |
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1119 @item C-c C-d |
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1120 Make everything under the current heading invisible, not including the |
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1121 heading itself (@code{hide-subtree}). |
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1122 @item C-c C-s |
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1123 Make everything under the current heading visible, including body, |
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1124 subheadings, and their bodies (@code{show-subtree}). |
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1125 @item C-c C-l |
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1126 Make the body of the current heading line, and of all its subheadings, |
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1127 invisible (@code{hide-leaves}). |
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1128 @item C-c C-k |
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1129 Make all subheadings of the current heading line, at all levels, |
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1130 visible (@code{show-branches}). |
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1131 @item C-c C-i |
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1132 Make immediate subheadings (one level down) of the current heading |
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1133 line visible (@code{show-children}). |
25829 | 1134 @item C-c C-t |
1135 Make all body lines in the buffer invisible (@code{hide-body}). | |
1136 @item C-c C-a | |
1137 Make all lines in the buffer visible (@code{show-all}). | |
1138 @item C-c C-q | |
1139 Hide everything except the top @var{n} levels of heading lines | |
1140 (@code{hide-sublevels}). | |
1141 @item C-c C-o | |
1142 Hide everything except for the heading or body that point is in, plus | |
1143 the headings leading up from there to the top level of the outline | |
1144 (@code{hide-other}). | |
1145 @end table | |
1146 | |
1147 @findex hide-entry | |
1148 @findex show-entry | |
1149 @kindex C-c C-c @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1150 @kindex C-c C-e @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1151 Two commands that are exact opposites are @kbd{C-c C-c} | |
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1152 (@code{hide-entry}) and @kbd{C-c C-e} (@code{show-entry}). They apply |
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1153 to the body lines directly following the current heading line. |
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1154 Subheadings and their bodies are not affected. |
25829 | 1155 |
1156 @findex hide-subtree | |
1157 @findex show-subtree | |
1158 @kindex C-c C-s @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1159 @kindex C-c C-d @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1160 @cindex subtree (Outline mode) | |
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1161 Two more powerful opposites are @kbd{C-c C-d} (@code{hide-subtree}) |
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1162 and @kbd{C-c C-s} (@code{show-subtree}). Both apply to the current |
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1163 heading line's @dfn{subtree}: its body, all its subheadings, both |
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1164 direct and indirect, and all of their bodies. In other words, the |
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1165 subtree contains everything following the current heading line, up to |
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1166 and not including the next heading of the same or higher rank.@refill |
25829 | 1167 |
1168 @findex hide-leaves | |
1169 @findex show-branches | |
1170 @kindex C-c C-l @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1171 @kindex C-c C-k @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1172 Intermediate between a visible subtree and an invisible one is having | |
1173 all the subheadings visible but none of the body. There are two | |
1174 commands for doing this, depending on whether you want to hide the | |
1175 bodies or make the subheadings visible. They are @kbd{C-c C-l} | |
1176 (@code{hide-leaves}) and @kbd{C-c C-k} (@code{show-branches}). | |
1177 | |
1178 @kindex C-c C-i @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1179 @findex show-children | |
1180 A little weaker than @code{show-branches} is @kbd{C-c C-i} | |
1181 (@code{show-children}). It makes just the direct subheadings | |
1182 visible---those one level down. Deeper subheadings remain invisible, if | |
1183 they were invisible.@refill | |
1184 | |
1185 @findex hide-body | |
1186 @findex show-all | |
1187 @kindex C-c C-t @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1188 @kindex C-c C-a @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1189 Two commands have a blanket effect on the whole file. @kbd{C-c C-t} | |
1190 (@code{hide-body}) makes all body lines invisible, so that you see just | |
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1191 the outline structure (as a special exception, it will not hide lines |
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1192 at the top of the file, preceding the first header line, even though |
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1193 these are technically body lines). @kbd{C-c C-a} (@code{show-all}) |
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1194 makes all lines visible. These commands can be thought of as a pair |
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1195 of opposites even though @kbd{C-c C-a} applies to more than just body |
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1196 lines. |
25829 | 1197 |
1198 @findex hide-sublevels | |
1199 @kindex C-c C-q @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1200 The command @kbd{C-c C-q} (@code{hide-sublevels}) hides all but the | |
1201 top level headings. With a numeric argument @var{n}, it hides everything | |
1202 except the top @var{n} levels of heading lines. | |
1203 | |
1204 @findex hide-other | |
1205 @kindex C-c C-o @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1206 The command @kbd{C-c C-o} (@code{hide-other}) hides everything except | |
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1207 the heading and body text that point is in, plus its parents (the headers |
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1208 leading up from there to top level in the outline) and the top level |
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1209 headings. |
25829 | 1210 |
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1211 @findex reveal-mode |
25829 | 1212 When incremental search finds text that is hidden by Outline mode, |
1213 it makes that part of the buffer visible. If you exit the search | |
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1214 at that position, the text remains visible. You can also |
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1215 automatically make text visible as you navigate in it by using |
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1216 @kbd{M-x reveal-mode}. |
25829 | 1217 |
1218 @node Outline Views | |
1219 @subsection Viewing One Outline in Multiple Views | |
1220 | |
1221 @cindex multiple views of outline | |
1222 @cindex views of an outline | |
1223 @cindex outline with multiple views | |
1224 @cindex indirect buffers and outlines | |
1225 You can display two views of a single outline at the same time, in | |
1226 different windows. To do this, you must create an indirect buffer using | |
1227 @kbd{M-x make-indirect-buffer}. The first argument of this command is | |
1228 the existing outline buffer name, and its second argument is the name to | |
1229 use for the new indirect buffer. @xref{Indirect Buffers}. | |
1230 | |
1231 Once the indirect buffer exists, you can display it in a window in the | |
1232 normal fashion, with @kbd{C-x 4 b} or other Emacs commands. The Outline | |
1233 mode commands to show and hide parts of the text operate on each buffer | |
1234 independently; as a result, each buffer can have its own view. If you | |
1235 want more than two views on the same outline, create additional indirect | |
1236 buffers. | |
1237 | |
28328 | 1238 @node Foldout |
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1239 @subsection Folding Editing |
28328 | 1240 |
1241 @cindex folding editing | |
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1242 The Foldout package extends Outline mode and Outline minor mode with |
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1243 ``folding'' commands. The idea of folding is that you zoom in on a |
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1244 nested portion of the outline, while hiding its relatives at higher |
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1245 levels. |
30867 | 1246 |
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1247 Consider an Outline mode buffer with all the text and subheadings under |
28328 | 1248 level-1 headings hidden. To look at what is hidden under one of these |
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1249 headings, you could use @kbd{C-c C-e} (@kbd{M-x show-entry}) to expose |
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1250 the body, or @kbd{C-c C-i} to expose the child (level-2) headings. |
28328 | 1251 |
1252 @kindex C-c C-z | |
1253 @findex foldout-zoom-subtree | |
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1254 With Foldout, you use @kbd{C-c C-z} (@kbd{M-x foldout-zoom-subtree}). |
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1255 This exposes the body and child subheadings, and narrows the buffer so |
38229
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1256 that only the @w{level-1} heading, the body and the level-2 headings are |
28328 | 1257 visible. Now to look under one of the level-2 headings, position the |
1258 cursor on it and use @kbd{C-c C-z} again. This exposes the level-2 body | |
1259 and its level-3 child subheadings and narrows the buffer again. Zooming | |
1260 in on successive subheadings can be done as much as you like. A string | |
39267 | 1261 in the mode line shows how deep you've gone. |
28328 | 1262 |
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Move the Refill Mode node.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1263 When zooming in on a heading, to see only the child subheadings specify |
28328 | 1264 a numeric argument: @kbd{C-u C-c C-z}. The number of levels of children |
1265 can be specified too (compare @kbd{M-x show-children}), e.g.@: @kbd{M-2 | |
1266 C-c C-z} exposes two levels of child subheadings. Alternatively, the | |
39267 | 1267 body can be specified with a negative argument: @kbd{M-- C-c C-z}. The |
28328 | 1268 whole subtree can be expanded, similarly to @kbd{C-c C-s} (@kbd{M-x |
1269 show-subtree}), by specifying a zero argument: @kbd{M-0 C-c C-z}. | |
1270 | |
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Move the Refill Mode node.
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|
1271 While you're zoomed in, you can still use Outline mode's exposure and |
28328 | 1272 hiding functions without disturbing Foldout. Also, since the buffer is |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1273 narrowed, ``global'' editing actions will only affect text under the |
28328 | 1274 zoomed-in heading. This is useful for restricting changes to a |
1275 particular chapter or section of your document. | |
1276 | |
1277 @kindex C-c C-x | |
1278 @findex foldout-exit-fold | |
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Move the Refill Mode node.
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|
1279 To unzoom (exit) a fold, use @kbd{C-c C-x} (@kbd{M-x foldout-exit-fold}). |
28328 | 1280 This hides all the text and subheadings under the top-level heading and |
1281 returns you to the previous view of the buffer. Specifying a numeric | |
57340
e48fd292dadd
Various small changes in addition to the following.
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changeset
|
1282 argument exits that many levels of folds. Specifying a zero argument |
e48fd292dadd
Various small changes in addition to the following.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
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|
1283 exits all folds. |
28328 | 1284 |
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|
1285 To cancel the narrowing of a fold without hiding the text and |
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Move the Refill Mode node.
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|
1286 subheadings, specify a negative argument. For example, @kbd{M--2 C-c |
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Move the Refill Mode node.
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parents:
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|
1287 C-x} exits two folds and leaves the text and subheadings exposed. |
28328 | 1288 |
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Move the Refill Mode node.
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|
1289 Foldout mode also provides mouse commands for entering and exiting |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
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|
1290 folds, and for showing and hiding text: |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
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parents:
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changeset
|
1291 |
28328 | 1292 @table @asis |
40651 | 1293 @item @kbd{C-M-Mouse-1} zooms in on the heading clicked on |
38229
ae24bb82158d
Get rid of inexplicable @t's in values of paragraph-start and
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1294 @itemize @asis |
ae24bb82158d
Get rid of inexplicable @t's in values of paragraph-start and
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1295 @item |
ae24bb82158d
Get rid of inexplicable @t's in values of paragraph-start and
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1296 single click: expose body. |
ae24bb82158d
Get rid of inexplicable @t's in values of paragraph-start and
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diff
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|
1297 @item |
ae24bb82158d
Get rid of inexplicable @t's in values of paragraph-start and
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1298 double click: expose subheadings. |
ae24bb82158d
Get rid of inexplicable @t's in values of paragraph-start and
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1299 @item |
ae24bb82158d
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1300 triple click: expose body and subheadings. |
ae24bb82158d
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1301 @item |
ae24bb82158d
Get rid of inexplicable @t's in values of paragraph-start and
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1302 quad click: expose entire subtree. |
ae24bb82158d
Get rid of inexplicable @t's in values of paragraph-start and
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1303 @end itemize |
40651 | 1304 @item @kbd{C-M-Mouse-2} exposes text under the heading clicked on |
38951
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1305 @itemize @asis |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
1306 @item |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1307 single click: expose body. |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1308 @item |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1309 double click: expose subheadings. |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
1310 @item |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1311 triple click: expose body and subheadings. |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1312 @item |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38870
diff
changeset
|
1313 quad click: expose entire subtree. |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1314 @end itemize |
40651 | 1315 @item @kbd{C-M-Mouse-3} hides text under the heading clicked on or exits fold |
38951
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38870
diff
changeset
|
1316 @itemize @asis |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38870
diff
changeset
|
1317 @item |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1318 single click: hide subtree. |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1319 @item |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1320 double click: exit fold and hide text. |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1321 @item |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38870
diff
changeset
|
1322 triple click: exit fold without hiding text. |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38870
diff
changeset
|
1323 @item |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38870
diff
changeset
|
1324 quad click: exit all folds and hide text. |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38870
diff
changeset
|
1325 @end itemize |
28328 | 1326 @end table |
1327 | |
1328 @vindex foldout-mouse-modifiers | |
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32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1329 You can specify different modifier keys (instead of |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
32782
diff
changeset
|
1330 @kbd{Control-Meta-}) by setting @code{foldout-mouse-modifiers}; but if |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
32782
diff
changeset
|
1331 you have already loaded the @file{foldout.el} library, you must reload |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1332 it in order for this to take effect. |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1333 |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1334 To use the Foldout package, you can type @kbd{M-x load-library |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1335 @key{RET} foldout @key{RET}}; or you can arrange for to do that |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1336 automatically by putting this in your @file{.emacs} file: |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1337 |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1338 @example |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1339 (eval-after-load "outline" '(require 'foldout)) |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1340 @end example |
28328 | 1341 |
46247
2e162cb1a7ac
(TeX Mode): Remove explicit next/prev/up in @node line.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
46234
diff
changeset
|
1342 @node TeX Mode |
25829 | 1343 @section @TeX{} Mode |
1344 @cindex @TeX{} mode | |
1345 @cindex La@TeX{} mode | |
1346 @cindex Sli@TeX{} mode | |
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5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
1347 @cindex Doc@TeX{} mode |
25829 | 1348 @cindex mode, @TeX{} |
1349 @cindex mode, La@TeX{} | |
1350 @cindex mode, Sli@TeX{} | |
60955
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(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1351 @cindex mode, Doc@TeX{} |
25829 | 1352 @findex tex-mode |
1353 @findex plain-tex-mode | |
1354 @findex latex-mode | |
1355 @findex slitex-mode | |
60955
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1356 @findex doctex-mode |
25829 | 1357 |
1358 @TeX{} is a powerful text formatter written by Donald Knuth; it is also | |
1359 free, like GNU Emacs. La@TeX{} is a simplified input format for @TeX{}, | |
1360 implemented by @TeX{} macros; it comes with @TeX{}. Sli@TeX{} is a special | |
30867 | 1361 form of La@TeX{}.@footnote{Sli@TeX{} is obsoleted by the @samp{slides} |
60955
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
1362 document class in recent La@TeX{} versions.} Doc@TeX{} (@file{.dtx}) |
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
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|
1363 is a special file format in which the La@TeX{} sources are written, |
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1364 combining sources with documentation. |
25829 | 1365 |
1366 Emacs has a special @TeX{} mode for editing @TeX{} input files. | |
1367 It provides facilities for checking the balance of delimiters and for | |
1368 invoking @TeX{} on all or part of the file. | |
1369 | |
1370 @vindex tex-default-mode | |
60955
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1371 @TeX{} mode has four variants: Plain @TeX{} mode, La@TeX{} mode, |
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1372 Sli@TeX{} mode, and Doc@TeX{} mode (these distinct major modes differ |
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1373 only slightly). They are designed for editing the four different |
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1374 formats. The command @kbd{M-x tex-mode} looks at the contents of the |
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1375 buffer to determine whether the contents appear to be either La@TeX{} |
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1376 input, Sli@TeX{}, or Doc@TeX{} input; if so, it selects the |
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1377 appropriate mode. If the file contents do not appear to be La@TeX{}, |
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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60802
diff
changeset
|
1378 Sli@TeX{} or Doc@TeX{}, it selects Plain @TeX{} mode. If the contents |
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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60802
diff
changeset
|
1379 are insufficient to determine this, the variable |
25829 | 1380 @code{tex-default-mode} controls which mode is used. |
1381 | |
1382 When @kbd{M-x tex-mode} does not guess right, you can use the commands | |
60955
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1383 @kbd{M-x plain-tex-mode}, @kbd{M-x latex-mode}, @kbd{M-x slitex-mode}, |
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1384 and @kbd{doctex-mode} to select explicitly the particular variants of |
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1385 @TeX{} mode. |
25829 | 1386 |
1387 @menu | |
1388 * Editing: TeX Editing. Special commands for editing in TeX mode. | |
1389 * LaTeX: LaTeX Editing. Additional commands for LaTeX input files. | |
1390 * Printing: TeX Print. Commands for printing part of a file with TeX. | |
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|
1391 * Misc: TeX Misc. Customization of TeX mode, and related features. |
25829 | 1392 @end menu |
1393 | |
1394 @node TeX Editing | |
1395 @subsection @TeX{} Editing Commands | |
1396 | |
1397 Here are the special commands provided in @TeX{} mode for editing the | |
1398 text of the file. | |
1399 | |
1400 @table @kbd | |
1401 @item " | |
1402 Insert, according to context, either @samp{``} or @samp{"} or | |
1403 @samp{''} (@code{tex-insert-quote}). | |
1404 @item C-j | |
1405 Insert a paragraph break (two newlines) and check the previous | |
1406 paragraph for unbalanced braces or dollar signs | |
1407 (@code{tex-terminate-paragraph}). | |
1408 @item M-x tex-validate-region | |
1409 Check each paragraph in the region for unbalanced braces or dollar signs. | |
1410 @item C-c @{ | |
1411 Insert @samp{@{@}} and position point between them (@code{tex-insert-braces}). | |
1412 @item C-c @} | |
1413 Move forward past the next unmatched close brace (@code{up-list}). | |
1414 @end table | |
1415 | |
1416 @findex tex-insert-quote | |
1417 @kindex " @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1418 In @TeX{}, the character @samp{"} is not normally used; we use | |
1419 @samp{``} to start a quotation and @samp{''} to end one. To make | |
1420 editing easier under this formatting convention, @TeX{} mode overrides | |
1421 the normal meaning of the key @kbd{"} with a command that inserts a pair | |
1422 of single-quotes or backquotes (@code{tex-insert-quote}). To be | |
1423 precise, this command inserts @samp{``} after whitespace or an open | |
1424 brace, @samp{"} after a backslash, and @samp{''} after any other | |
1425 character. | |
1426 | |
1427 If you need the character @samp{"} itself in unusual contexts, use | |
1428 @kbd{C-q} to insert it. Also, @kbd{"} with a numeric argument always | |
1429 inserts that number of @samp{"} characters. You can turn off the | |
1430 feature of @kbd{"} expansion by eliminating that binding in the local | |
1431 map (@pxref{Key Bindings}). | |
1432 | |
1433 In @TeX{} mode, @samp{$} has a special syntax code which attempts to | |
1434 understand the way @TeX{} math mode delimiters match. When you insert a | |
1435 @samp{$} that is meant to exit math mode, the position of the matching | |
1436 @samp{$} that entered math mode is displayed for a second. This is the | |
1437 same feature that displays the open brace that matches a close brace that | |
1438 is inserted. However, there is no way to tell whether a @samp{$} enters | |
1439 math mode or leaves it; so when you insert a @samp{$} that enters math | |
1440 mode, the previous @samp{$} position is shown as if it were a match, even | |
1441 though they are actually unrelated. | |
1442 | |
1443 @findex tex-insert-braces | |
1444 @kindex C-c @{ @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1445 @findex up-list | |
1446 @kindex C-c @} @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1447 @TeX{} uses braces as delimiters that must match. Some users prefer | |
1448 to keep braces balanced at all times, rather than inserting them | |
1449 singly. Use @kbd{C-c @{} (@code{tex-insert-braces}) to insert a pair of | |
1450 braces. It leaves point between the two braces so you can insert the | |
1451 text that belongs inside. Afterward, use the command @kbd{C-c @}} | |
1452 (@code{up-list}) to move forward past the close brace. | |
1453 | |
1454 @findex tex-validate-region | |
1455 @findex tex-terminate-paragraph | |
1456 @kindex C-j @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1457 There are two commands for checking the matching of braces. @kbd{C-j} | |
1458 (@code{tex-terminate-paragraph}) checks the paragraph before point, and | |
38870
d44abb4e68b2
Don't use "print" for displaying a message.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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38478
diff
changeset
|
1459 inserts two newlines to start a new paragraph. It outputs a message in |
25829 | 1460 the echo area if any mismatch is found. @kbd{M-x tex-validate-region} |
1461 checks a region, paragraph by paragraph. The errors are listed in the | |
1462 @samp{*Occur*} buffer, and you can use @kbd{C-c C-c} or @kbd{Mouse-2} in | |
1463 that buffer to go to a particular mismatch. | |
1464 | |
1465 Note that Emacs commands count square brackets and parentheses in | |
1466 @TeX{} mode, not just braces. This is not strictly correct for the | |
1467 purpose of checking @TeX{} syntax. However, parentheses and square | |
1468 brackets are likely to be used in text as matching delimiters and it is | |
1469 useful for the various motion commands and automatic match display to | |
1470 work with them. | |
1471 | |
1472 @node LaTeX Editing | |
1473 @subsection La@TeX{} Editing Commands | |
1474 | |
1475 La@TeX{} mode, and its variant, Sli@TeX{} mode, provide a few extra | |
1476 features not applicable to plain @TeX{}. | |
1477 | |
1478 @table @kbd | |
1479 @item C-c C-o | |
1480 Insert @samp{\begin} and @samp{\end} for La@TeX{} block and position | |
1481 point on a line between them (@code{tex-latex-block}). | |
1482 @item C-c C-e | |
1483 Close the innermost La@TeX{} block not yet closed | |
1484 (@code{tex-close-latex-block}). | |
1485 @end table | |
1486 | |
1487 @findex tex-latex-block | |
1488 @kindex C-c C-o @r{(La@TeX{} mode)} | |
1489 @vindex latex-block-names | |
1490 In La@TeX{} input, @samp{\begin} and @samp{\end} commands are used to | |
1491 group blocks of text. To insert a @samp{\begin} and a matching | |
1492 @samp{\end} (on a new line following the @samp{\begin}), use @kbd{C-c | |
1493 C-o} (@code{tex-latex-block}). A blank line is inserted between the | |
1494 two, and point is left there. You can use completion when you enter the | |
1495 block type; to specify additional block type names beyond the standard | |
1496 list, set the variable @code{latex-block-names}. For example, here's | |
1497 how to add @samp{theorem}, @samp{corollary}, and @samp{proof}: | |
1498 | |
1499 @example | |
1500 (setq latex-block-names '("theorem" "corollary" "proof")) | |
1501 @end example | |
1502 | |
1503 @findex tex-close-latex-block | |
1504 @kindex C-c C-e @r{(La@TeX{} mode)} | |
1505 In La@TeX{} input, @samp{\begin} and @samp{\end} commands must | |
1506 balance. You can use @kbd{C-c C-e} (@code{tex-close-latex-block}) to | |
1507 insert automatically a matching @samp{\end} to match the last unmatched | |
1508 @samp{\begin}. It indents the @samp{\end} to match the corresponding | |
1509 @samp{\begin}. It inserts a newline after @samp{\end} if point is at | |
1510 the beginning of a line. | |
1511 | |
1512 @node TeX Print | |
1513 @subsection @TeX{} Printing Commands | |
1514 | |
1515 You can invoke @TeX{} as an inferior of Emacs on either the entire | |
1516 contents of the buffer or just a region at a time. Running @TeX{} in | |
1517 this way on just one chapter is a good way to see what your changes | |
1518 look like without taking the time to format the entire file. | |
1519 | |
1520 @table @kbd | |
1521 @item C-c C-r | |
1522 Invoke @TeX{} on the current region, together with the buffer's header | |
1523 (@code{tex-region}). | |
1524 @item C-c C-b | |
1525 Invoke @TeX{} on the entire current buffer (@code{tex-buffer}). | |
1526 @item C-c @key{TAB} | |
1527 Invoke Bib@TeX{} on the current file (@code{tex-bibtex-file}). | |
1528 @item C-c C-f | |
1529 Invoke @TeX{} on the current file (@code{tex-file}). | |
1530 @item C-c C-l | |
1531 Recenter the window showing output from the inferior @TeX{} so that | |
1532 the last line can be seen (@code{tex-recenter-output-buffer}). | |
1533 @item C-c C-k | |
1534 Kill the @TeX{} subprocess (@code{tex-kill-job}). | |
1535 @item C-c C-p | |
1536 Print the output from the last @kbd{C-c C-r}, @kbd{C-c C-b}, or @kbd{C-c | |
1537 C-f} command (@code{tex-print}). | |
1538 @item C-c C-v | |
1539 Preview the output from the last @kbd{C-c C-r}, @kbd{C-c C-b}, or @kbd{C-c | |
1540 C-f} command (@code{tex-view}). | |
1541 @item C-c C-q | |
1542 Show the printer queue (@code{tex-show-print-queue}). | |
1543 @end table | |
1544 | |
1545 @findex tex-buffer | |
1546 @kindex C-c C-b @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1547 @findex tex-print | |
1548 @kindex C-c C-p @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1549 @findex tex-view | |
1550 @kindex C-c C-v @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1551 @findex tex-show-print-queue | |
1552 @kindex C-c C-q @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1553 You can pass the current buffer through an inferior @TeX{} by means of | |
1554 @kbd{C-c C-b} (@code{tex-buffer}). The formatted output appears in a | |
1555 temporary file; to print it, type @kbd{C-c C-p} (@code{tex-print}). | |
1556 Afterward, you can use @kbd{C-c C-q} (@code{tex-show-print-queue}) to | |
1557 view the progress of your output towards being printed. If your terminal | |
1558 has the ability to display @TeX{} output files, you can preview the | |
1559 output on the terminal with @kbd{C-c C-v} (@code{tex-view}). | |
1560 | |
29107 | 1561 @cindex @env{TEXINPUTS} environment variable |
25829 | 1562 @vindex tex-directory |
1563 You can specify the directory to use for running @TeX{} by setting the | |
1564 variable @code{tex-directory}. @code{"."} is the default value. If | |
29107 | 1565 your environment variable @env{TEXINPUTS} contains relative directory |
25829 | 1566 names, or if your files contains @samp{\input} commands with relative |
1567 file names, then @code{tex-directory} @emph{must} be @code{"."} or you | |
1568 will get the wrong results. Otherwise, it is safe to specify some other | |
1569 directory, such as @code{"/tmp"}. | |
1570 | |
1571 @vindex tex-run-command | |
1572 @vindex latex-run-command | |
1573 @vindex slitex-run-command | |
1574 @vindex tex-dvi-print-command | |
1575 @vindex tex-dvi-view-command | |
1576 @vindex tex-show-queue-command | |
1577 If you want to specify which shell commands are used in the inferior @TeX{}, | |
1578 you can do so by setting the values of the variables @code{tex-run-command}, | |
1579 @code{latex-run-command}, @code{slitex-run-command}, | |
1580 @code{tex-dvi-print-command}, @code{tex-dvi-view-command}, and | |
1581 @code{tex-show-queue-command}. You @emph{must} set the value of | |
1582 @code{tex-dvi-view-command} for your particular terminal; this variable | |
1583 has no default value. The other variables have default values that may | |
1584 (or may not) be appropriate for your system. | |
1585 | |
1586 Normally, the file name given to these commands comes at the end of | |
1587 the command string; for example, @samp{latex @var{filename}}. In some | |
1588 cases, however, the file name needs to be embedded in the command; an | |
1589 example is when you need to provide the file name as an argument to one | |
1590 command whose output is piped to another. You can specify where to put | |
1591 the file name with @samp{*} in the command string. For example, | |
1592 | |
1593 @example | |
1594 (setq tex-dvi-print-command "dvips -f * | lpr") | |
1595 @end example | |
1596 | |
1597 @findex tex-kill-job | |
1598 @kindex C-c C-k @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1599 @findex tex-recenter-output-buffer | |
1600 @kindex C-c C-l @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1601 The terminal output from @TeX{}, including any error messages, appears | |
1602 in a buffer called @samp{*tex-shell*}. If @TeX{} gets an error, you can | |
1603 switch to this buffer and feed it input (this works as in Shell mode; | |
1604 @pxref{Interactive Shell}). Without switching to this buffer you can | |
1605 scroll it so that its last line is visible by typing @kbd{C-c | |
1606 C-l}. | |
1607 | |
1608 Type @kbd{C-c C-k} (@code{tex-kill-job}) to kill the @TeX{} process if | |
1609 you see that its output is no longer useful. Using @kbd{C-c C-b} or | |
1610 @kbd{C-c C-r} also kills any @TeX{} process still running.@refill | |
1611 | |
1612 @findex tex-region | |
1613 @kindex C-c C-r @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1614 You can also pass an arbitrary region through an inferior @TeX{} by typing | |
1615 @kbd{C-c C-r} (@code{tex-region}). This is tricky, however, because most files | |
1616 of @TeX{} input contain commands at the beginning to set parameters and | |
1617 define macros, without which no later part of the file will format | |
1618 correctly. To solve this problem, @kbd{C-c C-r} allows you to designate a | |
1619 part of the file as containing essential commands; it is included before | |
1620 the specified region as part of the input to @TeX{}. The designated part | |
1621 of the file is called the @dfn{header}. | |
1622 | |
1623 @cindex header (@TeX{} mode) | |
1624 To indicate the bounds of the header in Plain @TeX{} mode, you insert two | |
1625 special strings in the file. Insert @samp{%**start of header} before the | |
1626 header, and @samp{%**end of header} after it. Each string must appear | |
1627 entirely on one line, but there may be other text on the line before or | |
1628 after. The lines containing the two strings are included in the header. | |
1629 If @samp{%**start of header} does not appear within the first 100 lines of | |
1630 the buffer, @kbd{C-c C-r} assumes that there is no header. | |
1631 | |
1632 In La@TeX{} mode, the header begins with @samp{\documentclass} or | |
1633 @samp{\documentstyle} and ends with @samp{\begin@{document@}}. These | |
1634 are commands that La@TeX{} requires you to use in any case, so nothing | |
1635 special needs to be done to identify the header. | |
1636 | |
1637 @findex tex-file | |
1638 @kindex C-c C-f @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1639 The commands (@code{tex-buffer}) and (@code{tex-region}) do all of their | |
1640 work in a temporary directory, and do not have available any of the auxiliary | |
1641 files needed by @TeX{} for cross-references; these commands are generally | |
1642 not suitable for running the final copy in which all of the cross-references | |
1643 need to be correct. | |
1644 | |
1645 When you want the auxiliary files for cross references, use @kbd{C-c | |
1646 C-f} (@code{tex-file}) which runs @TeX{} on the current buffer's file, | |
1647 in that file's directory. Before running @TeX{}, it offers to save any | |
1648 modified buffers. Generally, you need to use (@code{tex-file}) twice to | |
1649 get the cross-references right. | |
1650 | |
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1651 @vindex tex-start-options |
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1652 The value of the variable @code{tex-start-options} specifies |
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1653 options for the @TeX{} run. |
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1654 |
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1655 @vindex tex-start-commands |
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1656 The value of the variable @code{tex-start-commands} specifies @TeX{} |
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1657 commands for starting @TeX{}. The default value causes @TeX{} to run |
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1658 in nonstop mode. To run @TeX{} interactively, set the variable to |
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1659 @code{""}. |
25829 | 1660 |
1661 @vindex tex-main-file | |
1662 Large @TeX{} documents are often split into several files---one main | |
1663 file, plus subfiles. Running @TeX{} on a subfile typically does not | |
1664 work; you have to run it on the main file. In order to make | |
1665 @code{tex-file} useful when you are editing a subfile, you can set the | |
1666 variable @code{tex-main-file} to the name of the main file. Then | |
1667 @code{tex-file} runs @TeX{} on that file. | |
1668 | |
1669 The most convenient way to use @code{tex-main-file} is to specify it | |
1670 in a local variable list in each of the subfiles. @xref{File | |
1671 Variables}. | |
1672 | |
1673 @findex tex-bibtex-file | |
1674 @kindex C-c TAB @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1675 @vindex tex-bibtex-command | |
1676 For La@TeX{} files, you can use Bib@TeX{} to process the auxiliary | |
1677 file for the current buffer's file. Bib@TeX{} looks up bibliographic | |
1678 citations in a data base and prepares the cited references for the | |
1679 bibliography section. The command @kbd{C-c TAB} | |
1680 (@code{tex-bibtex-file}) runs the shell command | |
1681 (@code{tex-bibtex-command}) to produce a @samp{.bbl} file for the | |
1682 current buffer's file. Generally, you need to do @kbd{C-c C-f} | |
1683 (@code{tex-file}) once to generate the @samp{.aux} file, then do | |
1684 @kbd{C-c TAB} (@code{tex-bibtex-file}), and then repeat @kbd{C-c C-f} | |
1685 (@code{tex-file}) twice more to get the cross-references correct. | |
1686 | |
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1687 @node TeX Misc |
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1688 @subsection @TeX{} Mode Miscellany |
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1689 |
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1690 @vindex tex-shell-hook |
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1691 @vindex tex-mode-hook |
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1692 @vindex latex-mode-hook |
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1693 @vindex slitex-mode-hook |
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1694 @vindex plain-tex-mode-hook |
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1695 Entering any variant of @TeX{} mode runs the hooks |
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1696 @code{text-mode-hook} and @code{tex-mode-hook}. Then it runs either |
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1697 @code{plain-tex-mode-hook}, @code{latex-mode-hook}, or |
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1698 @code{slitex-mode-hook}, whichever is appropriate. Starting the |
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1699 @TeX{} shell runs the hook @code{tex-shell-hook}. @xref{Hooks}. |
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1700 |
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1701 @findex iso-iso2tex |
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1702 @findex iso-tex2iso |
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1703 @findex iso-iso2gtex |
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1704 @findex iso-gtex2iso |
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1705 @cindex Latin-1 @TeX{} encoding |
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1706 @cindex @TeX{} encoding |
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1707 The commands @kbd{M-x iso-iso2tex}, @kbd{M-x iso-tex2iso}, @kbd{M-x |
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1708 iso-iso2gtex} and @kbd{M-x iso-gtex2iso} can be used to convert |
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1709 between Latin-1 encoded files and @TeX{}-encoded equivalents. |
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1710 @ignore |
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1711 @c Too cryptic to be useful, too cryptic for me to make it better -- rms. |
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1712 They |
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1713 are included by default in the @code{format-alist} variable, so they |
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1714 can be used with @kbd{M-x format-find-file}, for instance. |
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1715 @end ignore |
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1716 |
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1717 @ignore @c Not worth documenting if it is only for Czech -- rms. |
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1718 @findex tildify-buffer |
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1719 @findex tildify-region |
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1720 @cindex ties, @TeX{}, inserting |
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1721 @cindex hard spaces, @TeX{}, inserting |
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1722 The commands @kbd{M-x tildify-buffer} and @kbd{M-x tildify-region} |
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1723 insert @samp{~} (@dfn{tie}) characters where they are conventionally |
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1724 required. This is set up for Czech---customize the group |
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1725 @samp{tildify} for other languages or for other sorts of markup. |
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1726 @end ignore |
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1727 |
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1728 @cindex Ref@TeX{} package |
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1729 @cindex references, La@TeX{} |
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1730 @cindex La@TeX{} references |
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1731 For managing all kinds of references for La@TeX{}, you can use |
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1732 Ref@TeX{}. @inforef{Top,, reftex}. |
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1733 |
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1734 @node HTML Mode |
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1735 @section SGML, XML, and HTML Modes |
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1736 |
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1737 The major modes for SGML and HTML include indentation support and |
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1738 commands to operate on tags. This section describes the special |
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1739 commands of these modes. (HTML mode is a slightly customized variant |
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New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1740 of SGML mode.) |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1741 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1742 @table @kbd |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1743 @item C-c C-n |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1744 @kindex C-c C-n @r{(SGML mode)} |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1745 @findex sgml-name-char |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1746 Interactively specify a special character and insert the SGML |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1747 @samp{&}-command for that character. |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1748 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1749 @item C-c C-t |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1750 @kindex C-c C-t @r{(SGML mode)} |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1751 @findex sgml-tag |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1752 Interactively specify a tag and its attributes (@code{sgml-tag}). |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1753 This command asks you for a tag name and for the attribute values, |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1754 then inserts both the opening tag and the closing tag, leaving point |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1755 between them. |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1756 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1757 With a prefix argument @var{n}, the command puts the tag around the |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1758 @var{n} words already present in the buffer after point. With |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1759 @minus{}1 as argument, it puts the tag around the region. (In |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1760 Transient Mark mode, it does this whenever a region is active.) |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1761 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1762 @item C-c C-a |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1763 @kindex C-c C-a @r{(SGML mode)} |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1764 @findex sgml-attributes |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1765 Interactively insert attribute values for the current tag |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1766 (@code{sgml-attributes}). |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1767 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1768 @item C-c C-f |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1769 @kindex C-c C-f @r{(SGML mode)} |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1770 @findex sgml-skip-tag-forward |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1771 Skip across a balanced tag group (which extends from an opening tag |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1772 through its corresponding closing tag) (@code{sgml-skip-tag-forward}). |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1773 A numeric argument acts as a repeat count. |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1774 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1775 @item C-c C-b |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1776 @kindex C-c C-b @r{(SGML mode)} |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1777 @findex sgml-skip-tag-backward |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1778 Skip backward across a balanced tag group (which extends from an |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1779 opening tag through its corresponding closing tag) |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1780 (@code{sgml-skip-tag-forward}). A numeric argument acts as a repeat |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1781 count. |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1782 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1783 @item C-c C-d |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1784 @kindex C-c C-d @r{(SGML mode)} |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1785 @findex sgml-delete-tag |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1786 Delete the tag at or after point, and delete the matching tag too |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1787 (@code{sgml-delete-tag}). If the tag at or after point is an opening |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1788 tag, delete the closing tag too; if it is a closing tag, delete the |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1789 opening tag too. |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1790 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1791 @item C-c ? @var{tag} @key{RET} |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1792 @kindex C-c ? @r{(SGML mode)} |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1793 @findex sgml-tag-help |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1794 Display a description of the meaning of tag @var{tag} |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1795 (@code{sgml-tag-help}). If the argument @var{tag} is empty, describe |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1796 the tag at point. |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1797 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1798 @item C-c / |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1799 @kindex C-c / @r{(SGML mode)} |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1800 @findex sgml-close-tag |
46397
2f9698c0ca31
*** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
46247
diff
changeset
|
1801 Insert a close tag for the innermost unterminated tag |
2f9698c0ca31
*** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
46247
diff
changeset
|
1802 (@code{sgml-close-tag}). If called from within a tag or a comment, |
2f9698c0ca31
*** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
46247
diff
changeset
|
1803 close this element instead of inserting a close tag. |
46234
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1804 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1805 @item C-c 8 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1806 @kindex C-c 8 @r{(SGML mode)} |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1807 @findex sgml-name-8bit-mode |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1808 Toggle a minor mode in which Latin-1 characters insert the |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1809 corresponding SGML commands that stand for them, instead of the |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1810 characters themselves (@code{sgml-name-8bit-mode}). |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1811 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1812 @item C-c C-v |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1813 @kindex C-c C-v @r{(SGML mode)} |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1814 @findex sgml-validate |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1815 Run a shell command (which you must specify) to validate the current |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1816 buffer as SGML (@code{sgml-validate}). |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1817 |
46397
2f9698c0ca31
*** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
46247
diff
changeset
|
1818 @item C-x TAB |
2f9698c0ca31
*** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
46247
diff
changeset
|
1819 @kindex C-c TAB @r{(SGML mode)} |
2f9698c0ca31
*** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
46247
diff
changeset
|
1820 @findex sgml-tags-invisible |
2f9698c0ca31
*** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
46247
diff
changeset
|
1821 Toggle the visibility of existing tags in the buffer. This can be |
2f9698c0ca31
*** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
46247
diff
changeset
|
1822 used as a cheap preview. |
46398
77eee86ab97d
(HTML Mode): Put `@end table' at end of table.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
46397
diff
changeset
|
1823 @end table |
46397
2f9698c0ca31
*** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
46247
diff
changeset
|
1824 |
46234
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1825 @vindex sgml-xml-mode |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1826 SGML mode and HTML mode support XML also. In XML, every opening tag |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1827 must have an explicit closing tag. When @code{sgml-xml-mode} is |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1828 non-@code{nil}, SGML mode (and HTML mode) always insert explicit |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1829 closing tags. When you visit a file, these modes determine from the |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1830 file contents whether it is XML or not, and set @code{sgml-xml-mode} |
46397
2f9698c0ca31
*** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
46247
diff
changeset
|
1831 accordingly, so that they do the right thing for the file in either |
46234
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1832 case. |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1833 |
25829 | 1834 @node Nroff Mode |
1835 @section Nroff Mode | |
1836 | |
1837 @cindex nroff | |
1838 @findex nroff-mode | |
1839 Nroff mode is a mode like Text mode but modified to handle nroff commands | |
1840 present in the text. Invoke @kbd{M-x nroff-mode} to enter this mode. It | |
1841 differs from Text mode in only a few ways. All nroff command lines are | |
1842 considered paragraph separators, so that filling will never garble the | |
1843 nroff commands. Pages are separated by @samp{.bp} commands. Comments | |
1844 start with backslash-doublequote. Also, three special commands are | |
1845 provided that are not in Text mode: | |
1846 | |
1847 @findex forward-text-line | |
1848 @findex backward-text-line | |
1849 @findex count-text-lines | |
1850 @kindex M-n @r{(Nroff mode)} | |
1851 @kindex M-p @r{(Nroff mode)} | |
1852 @kindex M-? @r{(Nroff mode)} | |
1853 @table @kbd | |
1854 @item M-n | |
1855 Move to the beginning of the next line that isn't an nroff command | |
1856 (@code{forward-text-line}). An argument is a repeat count. | |
1857 @item M-p | |
1858 Like @kbd{M-n} but move up (@code{backward-text-line}). | |
1859 @item M-? | |
38870
d44abb4e68b2
Don't use "print" for displaying a message.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38478
diff
changeset
|
1860 Displays in the echo area the number of text lines (lines that are not |
25829 | 1861 nroff commands) in the region (@code{count-text-lines}). |
1862 @end table | |
1863 | |
1864 @findex electric-nroff-mode | |
1865 The other feature of Nroff mode is that you can turn on Electric Nroff | |
1866 mode. This is a minor mode that you can turn on or off with @kbd{M-x | |
1867 electric-nroff-mode} (@pxref{Minor Modes}). When the mode is on, each | |
1868 time you use @key{RET} to end a line that contains an nroff command that | |
1869 opens a kind of grouping, the matching nroff command to close that | |
1870 grouping is automatically inserted on the following line. For example, | |
1871 if you are at the beginning of a line and type @kbd{.@: ( b @key{RET}}, | |
1872 this inserts the matching command @samp{.)b} on a new line following | |
1873 point. | |
1874 | |
1875 If you use Outline minor mode with Nroff mode (@pxref{Outline Mode}), | |
1876 heading lines are lines of the form @samp{.H} followed by a number (the | |
1877 header level). | |
1878 | |
1879 @vindex nroff-mode-hook | |
1880 Entering Nroff mode runs the hook @code{text-mode-hook}, followed by | |
1881 the hook @code{nroff-mode-hook} (@pxref{Hooks}). | |
1882 | |
1883 @node Formatted Text | |
1884 @section Editing Formatted Text | |
1885 | |
1886 @cindex Enriched mode | |
1887 @cindex mode, Enriched | |
1888 @cindex formatted text | |
1889 @cindex WYSIWYG | |
1890 @cindex word processing | |
1891 @dfn{Enriched mode} is a minor mode for editing files that contain | |
1892 formatted text in WYSIWYG fashion, as in a word processor. Currently, | |
1893 formatted text in Enriched mode can specify fonts, colors, underlining, | |
1894 margins, and types of filling and justification. In the future, we plan | |
1895 to implement other formatting features as well. | |
1896 | |
38229
ae24bb82158d
Get rid of inexplicable @t's in values of paragraph-start and
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38134
diff
changeset
|
1897 Enriched mode is a minor mode (@pxref{Minor Modes}). It is |
ae24bb82158d
Get rid of inexplicable @t's in values of paragraph-start and
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38134
diff
changeset
|
1898 typically used in conjunction with Text mode (@pxref{Text Mode}), but |
ae24bb82158d
Get rid of inexplicable @t's in values of paragraph-start and
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38134
diff
changeset
|
1899 you can also use it with other major modes such as Outline mode and |
25829 | 1900 Paragraph-Indent Text mode. |
1901 | |
30867 | 1902 @cindex text/enriched MIME format |
25829 | 1903 Potentially, Emacs can store formatted text files in various file |
1904 formats. Currently, only one format is implemented: @dfn{text/enriched} | |
1905 format, which is defined by the MIME protocol. @xref{Format | |
1906 Conversion,, Format Conversion, elisp, the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}, | |
1907 for details of how Emacs recognizes and converts file formats. | |
1908 | |
1909 The Emacs distribution contains a formatted text file that can serve as | |
1910 an example. Its name is @file{etc/enriched.doc}. It contains samples | |
1911 illustrating all the features described in this section. It also | |
1912 contains a list of ideas for future enhancements. | |
1913 | |
1914 @menu | |
1915 * Requesting Formatted Text:: Entering and exiting Enriched mode. | |
1916 * Hard and Soft Newlines:: There are two different kinds of newlines. | |
1917 * Editing Format Info:: How to edit text properties. | |
1918 * Faces: Format Faces. Bold, italic, underline, etc. | |
1919 * Color: Format Colors. Changing the color of text. | |
1920 * Indent: Format Indentation. Changing the left and right margins. | |
1921 * Justification: Format Justification. | |
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1922 Centering, setting text flush with the |
25829 | 1923 left or right margin, etc. |
1924 * Other: Format Properties. The "special" text properties submenu. | |
1925 * Forcing Enriched Mode:: How to force use of Enriched mode. | |
1926 @end menu | |
1927 | |
1928 @node Requesting Formatted Text | |
1929 @subsection Requesting to Edit Formatted Text | |
1930 | |
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1931 Whenever you visit a file that Emacs saved in the text/enriched |
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1932 format, Emacs automatically converts the formatting information in the |
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1933 file into Emacs's own internal format (known as @dfn{text |
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1934 properties}), and turns on Enriched mode. |
25829 | 1935 |
1936 @findex enriched-mode | |
1937 To create a new file of formatted text, first visit the nonexistent | |
1938 file, then type @kbd{M-x enriched-mode} before you start inserting text. | |
1939 This command turns on Enriched mode. Do this before you begin inserting | |
1940 text, to ensure that the text you insert is handled properly. | |
1941 | |
1942 More generally, the command @code{enriched-mode} turns Enriched mode | |
1943 on if it was off, and off if it was on. With a prefix argument, this | |
1944 command turns Enriched mode on if the argument is positive, and turns | |
1945 the mode off otherwise. | |
1946 | |
1947 When you save a buffer while Enriched mode is enabled in it, Emacs | |
1948 automatically converts the text to text/enriched format while writing it | |
1949 into the file. When you visit the file again, Emacs will automatically | |
1950 recognize the format, reconvert the text, and turn on Enriched mode | |
1951 again. | |
1952 | |
1953 @vindex enriched-translations | |
1954 You can add annotations for saving additional text properties, which | |
1955 Emacs normally does not save, by adding to @code{enriched-translations}. | |
1956 Note that the text/enriched standard requires any non-standard | |
1957 annotations to have names starting with @samp{x-}, as in | |
1958 @samp{x-read-only}. This ensures that they will not conflict with | |
1959 standard annotations that may be added later. | |
1960 | |
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1961 @xref{Text Properties,,, elisp, the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}, |
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1962 for more information about text properties. |
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1963 |
25829 | 1964 @node Hard and Soft Newlines |
1965 @subsection Hard and Soft Newlines | |
1966 @cindex hard newline | |
1967 @cindex soft newline | |
1968 @cindex newlines, hard and soft | |
1969 | |
59889 | 1970 @cindex use-hard-newlines |
25829 | 1971 In formatted text, Emacs distinguishes between two different kinds of |
59889 | 1972 newlines, @dfn{hard} newlines and @dfn{soft} newlines. (You can enable |
1973 or disable this feature separately in any buffer with the command | |
1974 @code{use-hard-newlines}.) | |
25829 | 1975 |
1976 Hard newlines are used to separate paragraphs, or items in a list, or | |
1977 anywhere that there should always be a line break regardless of the | |
1978 margins. The @key{RET} command (@code{newline}) and @kbd{C-o} | |
1979 (@code{open-line}) insert hard newlines. | |
1980 | |
1981 Soft newlines are used to make text fit between the margins. All the | |
1982 fill commands, including Auto Fill, insert soft newlines---and they | |
1983 delete only soft newlines. | |
1984 | |
1985 Although hard and soft newlines look the same, it is important to bear | |
1986 the difference in mind. Do not use @key{RET} to break lines in the | |
1987 middle of filled paragraphs, or else you will get hard newlines that are | |
1988 barriers to further filling. Instead, let Auto Fill mode break lines, | |
1989 so that if the text or the margins change, Emacs can refill the lines | |
1990 properly. @xref{Auto Fill}. | |
1991 | |
1992 On the other hand, in tables and lists, where the lines should always | |
1993 remain as you type them, you can use @key{RET} to end lines. For these | |
1994 lines, you may also want to set the justification style to | |
1995 @code{unfilled}. @xref{Format Justification}. | |
1996 | |
1997 @node Editing Format Info | |
1998 @subsection Editing Format Information | |
1999 | |
2000 There are two ways to alter the formatting information for a formatted | |
2001 text file: with keyboard commands, and with the mouse. | |
2002 | |
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2003 The easiest way to add properties to your document is with the Text |
25829 | 2004 Properties menu. You can get to this menu in two ways: from the Edit |
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2005 menu in the menu bar (use @kbd{@key{F10} e t} if you have no mouse), |
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2006 or with @kbd{C-Mouse-2} (hold the @key{CTRL} key and press the middle |
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2007 mouse button). There are also keyboard commands described in the |
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2008 following section. |
25829 | 2009 |
2010 Most of the items in the Text Properties menu lead to other submenus. | |
2011 These are described in the sections that follow. Some items run | |
2012 commands directly: | |
2013 | |
2014 @table @code | |
40778 | 2015 @findex facemenu-remove-face-props |
2016 @item Remove Face Properties | |
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2017 Delete from the region all face and color text properties |
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2018 (@code{facemenu-remove-face-props}). |
25829 | 2019 |
2020 @findex facemenu-remove-all | |
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2021 @item Remove Text Properties |
25829 | 2022 Delete @emph{all} text properties from the region |
2023 (@code{facemenu-remove-all}). | |
2024 | |
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2025 @findex describe-text-properties |
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2026 @cindex text properties of characters |
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2027 @cindex overlays at character position |
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2028 @cindex widgets at buffer position |
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2029 @cindex buttons at buffer position |
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2030 @item Describe Properties |
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2031 List all the text properties, widgets, buttons, and overlays of the |
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2032 character following point (@code{describe-text-properties}). |
25829 | 2033 |
2034 @item Display Faces | |
40778 | 2035 Display a list of all the defined faces (@code{list-faces-display}). |
25829 | 2036 |
2037 @item Display Colors | |
40778 | 2038 Display a list of all the defined colors (@code{list-colors-display}). |
25829 | 2039 @end table |
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2040 |
25829 | 2041 @node Format Faces |
2042 @subsection Faces in Formatted Text | |
2043 | |
2044 The Faces submenu lists various Emacs faces including @code{bold}, | |
2045 @code{italic}, and @code{underline}. Selecting one of these adds the | |
2046 chosen face to the region. @xref{Faces}. You can also specify a face | |
2047 with these keyboard commands: | |
2048 | |
2049 @table @kbd | |
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2050 @kindex M-o d @r{(Enriched mode)} |
25829 | 2051 @findex facemenu-set-default |
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2052 @item M-o d |
25829 | 2053 Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the @code{default} face |
2054 (@code{facemenu-set-default}). | |
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2055 @kindex M-o b @r{(Enriched mode)} |
25829 | 2056 @findex facemenu-set-bold |
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2057 @item M-o b |
25829 | 2058 Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the @code{bold} face |
2059 (@code{facemenu-set-bold}). | |
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2060 @kindex M-o i @r{(Enriched mode)} |
25829 | 2061 @findex facemenu-set-italic |
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2062 @item M-o i |
25829 | 2063 Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the @code{italic} face |
2064 (@code{facemenu-set-italic}). | |
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2065 @kindex M-o l @r{(Enriched mode)} |
25829 | 2066 @findex facemenu-set-bold-italic |
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2067 @item M-o l |
25829 | 2068 Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the @code{bold-italic} face |
2069 (@code{facemenu-set-bold-italic}). | |
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2070 @kindex M-o u @r{(Enriched mode)} |
25829 | 2071 @findex facemenu-set-underline |
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2072 @item M-o u |
25829 | 2073 Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the @code{underline} face |
2074 (@code{facemenu-set-underline}). | |
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2075 @kindex M-o o @r{(Enriched mode)} |
25829 | 2076 @findex facemenu-set-face |
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2077 @item M-o o @var{face} @key{RET} |
25829 | 2078 Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the face @var{face} |
2079 (@code{facemenu-set-face}). | |
2080 @end table | |
2081 | |
2082 If you use these commands with a prefix argument---or, in Transient Mark | |
2083 mode, if the region is not active---then these commands specify a face | |
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2084 to use for any immediately following self-inserting input. |
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2085 @xref{Transient Mark}. This applies to both the keyboard commands and |
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2086 the menu commands. |
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2087 |
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2088 Specifying the @code{default} face also resets foreground and |
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2089 background color to their defaults.(@pxref{Format Colors}). |
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2090 |
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2091 Any self-inserting character you type inherits, by default, the face |
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2092 properties (as well as most other text properties) of the preceding |
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2093 character. Specifying any face property, including foreground or |
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2094 background color, for your next self-inserting character will prevent |
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2095 it from inheriting any face properties from the preceding character, |
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2096 although it will still inherit other text properties. Characters |
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2097 inserted by yanking do not inherit text properties. |
25829 | 2098 |
2099 Enriched mode defines two additional faces: @code{excerpt} and | |
2100 @code{fixed}. These correspond to codes used in the text/enriched file | |
2101 format. | |
2102 | |
2103 The @code{excerpt} face is intended for quotations. This face is the | |
2104 same as @code{italic} unless you customize it (@pxref{Face Customization}). | |
2105 | |
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2106 The @code{fixed} face means, ``Use a fixed-width font for this part |
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2107 of the text.'' Applying the @code{fixed} face to a part of the text |
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2108 will cause that part of the text to appear in a fixed-width font, even |
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2109 if the default font is variable-width. This applies to Emacs and to |
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2110 other systems that display text/enriched format. So if you |
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2111 specifically want a certain part of the text to use a fixed-width |
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2112 font, you should specify the @code{fixed} face for that part. |
25829 | 2113 |
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2114 By default, the @code{fixed} face looks the same as @code{bold}. |
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2115 This is an attempt to distinguish it from @code{default}. You may |
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2116 wish to customize @code{fixed} to some other fixed-width medium font. |
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2117 @xref{Face Customization}. |
25829 | 2118 |
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2119 If your terminal cannot display different faces, you will not be |
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2120 able to see them, but you can still edit documents containing faces, |
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2121 and even add faces and colors to documents. The faces you specify |
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2122 will be visible when the file is viewed on a terminal that can display |
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2123 them. |
25829 | 2124 |
2125 @node Format Colors | |
2126 @subsection Colors in Formatted Text | |
2127 | |
2128 You can specify foreground and background colors for portions of the | |
2129 text. There is a menu for specifying the foreground color and a menu | |
2130 for specifying the background color. Each color menu lists all the | |
2131 colors that you have used in Enriched mode in the current Emacs session. | |
2132 | |
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2133 If you specify a color with a prefix argument---or, in Transient |
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2134 Mark mode, if the region is not active---then it applies to any |
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2135 immediately following self-inserting input. @xref{Transient Mark}. |
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2136 Otherwise, the command applies to the region. |
25829 | 2137 |
2138 Each color menu contains one additional item: @samp{Other}. You can use | |
2139 this item to specify a color that is not listed in the menu; it reads | |
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2140 the color name with the minibuffer. To display a list of available colors |
25829 | 2141 and their names, use the @samp{Display Colors} menu item in the Text |
2142 Properties menu (@pxref{Editing Format Info}). | |
2143 | |
2144 Any color that you specify in this way, or that is mentioned in a | |
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2145 formatted text file that you read in, is added to the corresponding |
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2146 color menu for the duration of the Emacs session. |
25829 | 2147 |
2148 @findex facemenu-set-foreground | |
2149 @findex facemenu-set-background | |
2150 There are no key bindings for specifying colors, but you can do so | |
2151 with the extended commands @kbd{M-x facemenu-set-foreground} and | |
2152 @kbd{M-x facemenu-set-background}. Both of these commands read the name | |
2153 of the color with the minibuffer. | |
2154 | |
2155 @node Format Indentation | |
2156 @subsection Indentation in Formatted Text | |
2157 | |
2158 When editing formatted text, you can specify different amounts of | |
2159 indentation for the right or left margin of an entire paragraph or a | |
2160 part of a paragraph. The margins you specify automatically affect the | |
2161 Emacs fill commands (@pxref{Filling}) and line-breaking commands. | |
2162 | |
2163 The Indentation submenu provides a convenient interface for specifying | |
2164 these properties. The submenu contains four items: | |
2165 | |
2166 @table @code | |
2167 @kindex C-x TAB @r{(Enriched mode)} | |
2168 @findex increase-left-margin | |
2169 @item Indent More | |
2170 Indent the region by 4 columns (@code{increase-left-margin}). In | |
2171 Enriched mode, this command is also available on @kbd{C-x @key{TAB}}; if | |
2172 you supply a numeric argument, that says how many columns to add to the | |
2173 margin (a negative argument reduces the number of columns). | |
2174 | |
2175 @item Indent Less | |
2176 Remove 4 columns of indentation from the region. | |
2177 | |
2178 @item Indent Right More | |
2179 Make the text narrower by indenting 4 columns at the right margin. | |
2180 | |
2181 @item Indent Right Less | |
2182 Remove 4 columns of indentation from the right margin. | |
2183 @end table | |
2184 | |
2185 You can use these commands repeatedly to increase or decrease the | |
2186 indentation. | |
2187 | |
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2188 The most common way to use them is to change the indentation of an |
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2189 entire paragraph. For other uses, the effects of refilling can be |
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2190 hard to predict, except in some special cases like the one described |
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2191 next. |
25829 | 2192 |
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2193 The most common other use is to format paragraphs with @dfn{hanging |
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2194 indents}, which means that the first line is indented less than |
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2195 subsequent lines. To set up a hanging indent, increase the |
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2196 indentation of the region starting after the first word of the |
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2197 paragraph and running until the end of the paragraph. |
25829 | 2198 |
2199 Indenting the first line of a paragraph is easier. Set the margin for | |
2200 the whole paragraph where you want it to be for the body of the | |
2201 paragraph, then indent the first line by inserting extra spaces or tabs. | |
2202 | |
2203 @vindex standard-indent | |
2204 The variable @code{standard-indent} specifies how many columns these | |
2205 commands should add to or subtract from the indentation. The default | |
2206 value is 4. The overall default right margin for Enriched mode is | |
2207 controlled by the variable @code{fill-column}, as usual. | |
2208 | |
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2209 @kindex C-c [ @r{(Enriched mode)} |
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2210 @kindex C-c ] @r{(Enriched mode)} |
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2211 @findex set-left-margin |
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2212 @findex set-right-margin |
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2213 There are also two commands for setting the left or right margin of |
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2214 the region absolutely: @code{set-left-margin} and |
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2215 @code{set-right-margin}. Enriched mode binds these commands to |
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2216 @kbd{C-c [} and @kbd{C-c ]}, respectively. You can specify the |
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2217 margin width either with a numeric argument or in the minibuffer. |
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2218 |
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2219 Sometimes, as a result of editing, the filling of a paragraph becomes |
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2220 messed up---parts of the paragraph may extend past the left or right |
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2221 margins. When this happens, use @kbd{M-q} (@code{fill-paragraph}) to |
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2222 refill the paragraph. |
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2223 |
25829 | 2224 The fill prefix, if any, works in addition to the specified paragraph |
2225 indentation: @kbd{C-x .} does not include the specified indentation's | |
2226 whitespace in the new value for the fill prefix, and the fill commands | |
2227 look for the fill prefix after the indentation on each line. @xref{Fill | |
2228 Prefix}. | |
2229 | |
2230 @node Format Justification | |
2231 @subsection Justification in Formatted Text | |
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2232 |
25829 | 2233 When editing formatted text, you can specify various styles of |
2234 justification for a paragraph. The style you specify automatically | |
2235 affects the Emacs fill commands. | |
2236 | |
2237 The Justification submenu provides a convenient interface for specifying | |
2238 the style. The submenu contains five items: | |
2239 | |
2240 @table @code | |
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2241 @item Left |
25829 | 2242 This is the most common style of justification (at least for English). |
2243 Lines are aligned at the left margin but left uneven at the right. | |
2244 | |
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2245 @item Right |
25829 | 2246 This aligns each line with the right margin. Spaces and tabs are added |
2247 on the left, if necessary, to make lines line up on the right. | |
2248 | |
2249 @item Full | |
2250 This justifies the text, aligning both edges of each line. Justified | |
2251 text looks very nice in a printed book, where the spaces can all be | |
2252 adjusted equally, but it does not look as nice with a fixed-width font | |
2253 on the screen. Perhaps a future version of Emacs will be able to adjust | |
2254 the width of spaces in a line to achieve elegant justification. | |
2255 | |
2256 @item Center | |
2257 This centers every line between the current margins. | |
2258 | |
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2259 @item Unfilled |
25829 | 2260 This turns off filling entirely. Each line will remain as you wrote it; |
2261 the fill and auto-fill functions will have no effect on text which has | |
2262 this setting. You can, however, still indent the left margin. In | |
2263 unfilled regions, all newlines are treated as hard newlines (@pxref{Hard | |
2264 and Soft Newlines}) . | |
2265 @end table | |
2266 | |
2267 In Enriched mode, you can also specify justification from the keyboard | |
2268 using the @kbd{M-j} prefix character: | |
2269 | |
2270 @table @kbd | |
2271 @kindex M-j l @r{(Enriched mode)} | |
2272 @findex set-justification-left | |
2273 @item M-j l | |
2274 Make the region left-filled (@code{set-justification-left}). | |
2275 @kindex M-j r @r{(Enriched mode)} | |
2276 @findex set-justification-right | |
2277 @item M-j r | |
2278 Make the region right-filled (@code{set-justification-right}). | |
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2279 @kindex M-j b @r{(Enriched mode)} |
25829 | 2280 @findex set-justification-full |
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2281 @item M-j b |
54477 | 2282 Make the region fully justified (@code{set-justification-full}). |
25829 | 2283 @kindex M-j c @r{(Enriched mode)} |
2284 @kindex M-S @r{(Enriched mode)} | |
2285 @findex set-justification-center | |
2286 @item M-j c | |
2287 @itemx M-S | |
2288 Make the region centered (@code{set-justification-center}). | |
2289 @kindex M-j u @r{(Enriched mode)} | |
2290 @findex set-justification-none | |
2291 @item M-j u | |
2292 Make the region unfilled (@code{set-justification-none}). | |
2293 @end table | |
2294 | |
2295 Justification styles apply to entire paragraphs. All the | |
2296 justification-changing commands operate on the paragraph containing | |
2297 point, or, if the region is active, on all paragraphs which overlap the | |
2298 region. | |
2299 | |
2300 @vindex default-justification | |
2301 The default justification style is specified by the variable | |
2302 @code{default-justification}. Its value should be one of the symbols | |
2303 @code{left}, @code{right}, @code{full}, @code{center}, or @code{none}. | |
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2304 This is a per-buffer variable. Setting the variable directly affects |
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2305 only the current buffer. However, customizing it in a Custom buffer |
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2306 sets (as always) the default value for buffers that do not override it. |
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2307 @xref{Locals}, and @ref{Easy Customization}. |
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2308 |
25829 | 2309 @node Format Properties |
2310 @subsection Setting Other Text Properties | |
2311 | |
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2312 The Special Properties menu lets you add or remove three other useful text |
25829 | 2313 properties: @code{read-only}, @code{invisible} and @code{intangible}. |
2314 The @code{intangible} property disallows moving point within the text, | |
2315 the @code{invisible} text property hides text from display, and the | |
2316 @code{read-only} property disallows alteration of the text. | |
2317 | |
2318 Each of these special properties has a menu item to add it to the | |
2319 region. The last menu item, @samp{Remove Special}, removes all of these | |
2320 special properties from the text in the region. | |
2321 | |
2322 Currently, the @code{invisible} and @code{intangible} properties are | |
2323 @emph{not} saved in the text/enriched format. The @code{read-only} | |
2324 property is saved, but it is not a standard part of the text/enriched | |
2325 format, so other editors may not respect it. | |
2326 | |
2327 @node Forcing Enriched Mode | |
2328 @subsection Forcing Enriched Mode | |
2329 | |
2330 Normally, Emacs knows when you are editing formatted text because it | |
2331 recognizes the special annotations used in the file that you visited. | |
2332 However, there are situations in which you must take special actions | |
2333 to convert file contents or turn on Enriched mode: | |
2334 | |
2335 @itemize @bullet | |
2336 @item | |
2337 When you visit a file that was created with some other editor, Emacs may | |
2338 not recognize the file as being in the text/enriched format. In this | |
2339 case, when you visit the file you will see the formatting commands | |
2340 rather than the formatted text. Type @kbd{M-x format-decode-buffer} to | |
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2341 translate it. This also automatically turns on Enriched mode. |
25829 | 2342 |
2343 @item | |
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2344 When you @emph{insert} a file into a buffer, rather than visiting it, |
25829 | 2345 Emacs does the necessary conversions on the text which you insert, but |
2346 it does not enable Enriched mode. If you wish to do that, type @kbd{M-x | |
2347 enriched-mode}. | |
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2348 @end itemize |
25829 | 2349 |
2350 The command @code{format-decode-buffer} translates text in various | |
2351 formats into Emacs's internal format. It asks you to specify the format | |
2352 to translate from; however, normally you can type just @key{RET}, which | |
2353 tells Emacs to guess the format. | |
2354 | |
2355 @findex format-find-file | |
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2356 If you wish to look at a text/enriched file in its raw form, as a |
25829 | 2357 sequence of characters rather than as formatted text, use the @kbd{M-x |
2358 find-file-literally} command. This visits a file, like | |
2359 @code{find-file}, but does not do format conversion. It also inhibits | |
2360 character code conversion (@pxref{Coding Systems}) and automatic | |
2361 uncompression (@pxref{Compressed Files}). To disable format conversion | |
2362 but allow character code conversion and/or automatic uncompression if | |
2363 appropriate, use @code{format-find-file} with suitable arguments. | |
2364 | |
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2365 @node Text Based Tables |
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2366 @section Editing Text-based Tables |
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2367 @cindex table mode |
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2368 @cindex text-based tables |
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2369 |
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2370 Table Mode provides an easy and intuitive way to create and edit WYSIWYG |
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2371 text-based tables. Here is an example of such a table: |
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2372 |
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2373 @smallexample |
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2374 +-----------------+--------------------------------+-----------------+ |
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2375 | Command | Description | Key Binding | |
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2376 +-----------------+--------------------------------+-----------------+ |
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2377 | forward-char |Move point right N characters | C-f | |
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2378 | |(left if N is negative). | | |
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2379 | | | | |
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2380 | |On reaching end of buffer, stop | | |
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2381 | |and signal error. | | |
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2382 +-----------------+--------------------------------+-----------------+ |
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2383 | backward-char |Move point left N characters | C-b | |
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2384 | |(right if N is negative). | | |
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2385 | | | | |
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2386 | |On attempt to pass beginning or | | |
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2387 | |end of buffer, stop and signal | | |
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2388 | |error. | | |
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2389 +-----------------+--------------------------------+-----------------+ |
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2390 @end smallexample |
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2391 |
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2392 Table Mode allows the contents of the table such as this one to be |
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2393 easily manipulated by inserting or deleting characters inside a cell. |
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2394 A cell is effectively a localized rectangular edit region and edits to |
57659 | 2395 a cell do not affect the contents of the surrounding cells. If the |
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2396 contents do not fit into a cell, then the cell is automatically |
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2397 expanded in the vertical and/or horizontal directions and the rest of |
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2398 the table is restructured and reformatted in accordance with the |
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2399 growth of the cell. |
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2400 |
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2401 @menu |
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|
2402 * Table Definition:: What is a text based table. |
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|
2403 * Table Creation:: How to create a table. |
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|
2404 * Table Recognition:: How to activate and deactivate tables. |
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|
2405 * Cell Commands:: Cell-oriented commands in a table. |
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|
2406 * Cell Justification:: Justifying cell contents. |
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|
2407 * Row Commands:: Manipulating rows of table cell. |
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|
2408 * Column Commands:: Manipulating columns of table cell. |
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parents:
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|
2409 * Fixed Width Mode:: Fixing cell width. |
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parents:
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diff
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|
2410 * Table Conversion:: Converting between plain text and tables. |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2411 * Measuring Tables:: Analyzing table dimension. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2412 * Table Misc:: Table miscellany. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2413 @end menu |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2414 |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2415 @node Table Definition |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2416 @subsection What is a Text-based Table? |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2417 |
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|
2418 Look at the following examples of valid tables as a reference while |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2419 you read this section: |
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|
2420 |
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|
2421 @example |
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|
2422 +--+----+---+ +-+ +--+-----+ |
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|
2423 | | | | | | | | | |
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|
2424 +--+----+---+ +-+ | +--+--+ |
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|
2425 | | | | | | | | |
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|
2426 +--+----+---+ +--+--+ | |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2427 | | | |
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|
2428 +-----+--+ |
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|
2429 @end example |
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|
2430 |
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|
2431 A table consists of a rectangular frame and the contents inside the |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2432 frame. A table's cells must be at least one character wide and one |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2433 character high with two adjacent cells sharing a boarder line. A cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2434 can be subdivided into multiple rectangular cells but cannot nest or |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2435 overlap. |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2436 |
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|
2437 Both the table frame and cell border lines must consist of one of |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2438 three special characters. The variables that hold these characters |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2439 are described below: |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2440 |
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|
2441 @table @code |
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|
2442 @vindex table-cell-vertical-char |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2443 @item table-cell-vertical-char |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2444 Holds the character used for vertical lines. The default value is |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2445 @samp{|}. |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2446 |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2447 @vindex table-cell-horizontal-char |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2448 @item table-cell-horizontal-char |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2449 Holds the character used for horizontal lines. The default value is |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2450 @samp{-}. |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2451 |
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parents:
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|
2452 @vindex table-cell-intersection-char |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2453 @item table-cell-intersection-char |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2454 Holds the character used at where horizontal line and vertical line |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2455 meet. The default value is @samp{+}. |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2456 @end table |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2457 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2458 @noindent |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2459 Based on this definition, the following five tables are examples of invalid |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2460 tables: |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2461 |
9085c341d39f
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diff
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|
2462 @example |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2463 +-----+ +-----+ +--+ +-++--+ ++ |
9085c341d39f
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2464 | | | | | | | || | ++ |
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|
2465 | +-+ | | | | | | || | |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2466 | | | | +--+ | +--+--+ +-++--+ |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2467 | +-+ | | | | | | | +-++--+ |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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|
2468 | | | | | | | | | || | |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2469 +-----+ +--+--+ +--+--+ +-++--+ |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2470 a b c d e |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2471 @end example |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2472 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2473 From left to right: |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2474 |
9085c341d39f
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diff
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|
2475 @enumerate a |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2476 @item |
9085c341d39f
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2477 Nested cells are not allowed. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2478 @item |
57659 | 2479 Overlapped cells or non-rectangular cells are not allowed. |
57657
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|
2480 @item |
57659 | 2481 The border must be rectangular. |
57657
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|
2482 @item |
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parents:
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|
2483 Cells must have a minimum width/height of one character. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2484 @item |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2485 Same as d. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2486 @end enumerate |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2487 |
9085c341d39f
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|
2488 @node Table Creation |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2489 @subsection How to Create a Table? |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2490 @cindex create a text-based table |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2491 @cindex table creation |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2492 |
9085c341d39f
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
2493 @findex table-insert |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2494 The command to create a table is @code{table-insert}. When called |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2495 interactively, it asks for the number of columns, number of rows, cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2496 width and cell height. The number of columns is a number of cells |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2497 within the table's width. The number of rows is the number of cells |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2498 within the table's height. The cell width is a number of characters |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2499 that fit within a cell width. The cell height is a number of lines |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2500 within cell height. While the number of columns and number of rows |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2501 must be an integer number, the cell width and the cell height can be |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
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|
2502 either an integer number (when the value is constant across the table) |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2503 or a series of integer numbers, separated by spaces or commas, where |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2504 each number corresponds to each cell width within a row from left to |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2505 right or each cell height within a column from top to bottom. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2506 |
9085c341d39f
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2507 @node Table Recognition |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2508 @subsection Table Recognition |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2509 @cindex table recognition |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2510 |
9085c341d39f
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parents:
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|
2511 @findex table-recognize |
9085c341d39f
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parents:
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|
2512 @findex table-unrecognize |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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|
2513 Table Mode maintains special text properties in the buffer to allow |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2514 editing in a convenient fashion. When a buffer with tables is saved |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2515 to its file, these text properties are lost, so when you visit this |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2516 file again later, Emacs does not see a table, but just formatted text. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2517 To resurrect the table text properties, issue the @kbd{M-x |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2518 table-recognize} command. It scans the current buffer, recognizes |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2519 valid table cells, and attaches appropriate text properties to allow |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2520 for table editing. The converse command, @code{table-unrecognize}, is |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2521 used to remove the special text properties and revert the buffer back |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2522 to plain text. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2523 |
57659 | 2524 An optional numeric prefix argument can precede the |
57657
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2525 @code{table-recognize} command. If the argument is negative, tables |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2526 in the buffer become inactive. This is equivalent to invoking |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2527 @code{table-unrecognize}. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2528 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2529 Similar functions exist to enable or disable tables within a region, |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2530 enable or disable individual tables, and enable/disable individual |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2531 cells. These commands are: |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2532 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2533 @table @kbd |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2534 @findex table-recognize-region |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2535 @item M-x table-recognize-region |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2536 Recognize tables within the current region and activate them. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2537 @findex table-unrecognize-region |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2538 @item M-x table-unrecognize-region |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2539 Deactivate tables within the current region. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2540 @findex table-recognize-table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2541 @item M-x table-recognize-table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2542 Recognize the table under point and activate it. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2543 @findex table-unrecognize-table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2544 @item M-x table-unrecognize-table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2545 Deactivate the table under point. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2546 @findex table-recognize-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2547 @item M-x table-recognize-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2548 Recognize the cell under point and activate it. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2549 @findex table-unrecognize-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2550 @item M-x table-unrecognize-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2551 Deactivate the cell under point. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2552 @end table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2553 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2554 For another way of converting text into tables, see @ref{Table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2555 Conversion}. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2556 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2557 @node Cell Commands |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2558 @subsection Commands for Table Cells |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2559 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2560 @findex table-forward-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2561 @findex table-backward-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2562 The commands @code{table-forward-cell} and |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2563 @code{table-backward-cell} move point from the current cell to an |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2564 adjacent cell forward and backward respectively. The order of the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2565 cell is wrapped. When point is positioned in the last cell of a |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2566 table, typing @kbd{M-x table-forward-cell} moves point to the first |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2567 cell in the table. Likewise @kbd{M-x table-backward-cell} from the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2568 first cell in a table moves point to the last cell in the table. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2569 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2570 @findex table-span-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2571 The command @code{table-span-cell} spans the current cell into one |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2572 of the four directions---right, left, above or below---and merges the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2573 current cell with the adjacent cell. It does not allow directions to |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2574 which spanning does not produce a legitimate cell. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2575 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2576 @findex table-split-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2577 @cindex text-based tables, split a cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2578 @cindex split table cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2579 The command @code{table-split-cell} splits the current cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2580 vertically or horizontally. This command is a wrapper to the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2581 direction specific commands @code{table-split-cell-vertically} and |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2582 @code{table-split-cell-horizontally}. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2583 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2584 @findex table-split-cell-vertically |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2585 The command @code{table-split-cell-vertically} splits the current |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2586 cell vertically and creates a pair of cells above and below where |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2587 point is located. The content in the original cell is split as well. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2588 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2589 @findex table-split-cell-horizontally |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2590 The command @code{table-split-cell-horizontally} splits the current |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2591 cell horizontally and creates a pair of cells right and left of where |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2592 point is located. If the subject cell to split is not empty the user |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2593 is asked how to handle the cell contents. The three options are: |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2594 @code{split}, @code{left}, or @code{right}. @code{split} splits the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2595 contents at point literally while the @code{left} and @code{right} |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2596 options move the entire contents into the left or right cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2597 respectively. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2598 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2599 @cindex enlarge a table cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2600 @cindex shrink a table cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2601 The next four commands enlarge or shrink a cell. These commands |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2602 accept numeric arguments (@pxref{Arguments}) to specify how many |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2603 columns or rows to enlarge or shrink a particular table. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2604 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2605 @table @kbd |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2606 @findex table-heighten-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2607 @item M-x table-heighten-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2608 Enlarge the current cell vertically. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2609 @findex table-shorten-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2610 @item M-x table-shorten-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2611 Shrink the current cell vertically. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2612 @findex table-widen-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2613 @item M-x table-widen-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2614 Enlarge the current cell horizontally. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2615 @findex table-narrow-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2616 @item M-x table-narrow-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2617 Shrink the current cell horizontally. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2618 @end table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2619 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2620 @node Cell Justification |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2621 @subsection Cell Justification |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2622 @cindex cell text justification |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2623 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2624 You can specify text justification for each cell. The justification |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2625 is remembered independently for each cell and the subsequent editing |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2626 of cell contents is subject to the specified justification. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2627 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2628 @findex table-justify |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2629 The command @code{table-justify} requests the user to specify what |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2630 to justify: a cell,a column, or a row. If you select cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2631 justification, this command sets the justification only to the current |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2632 cell. Selecting column or row justification set the justification to |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2633 all the cells within a column or row respectively. The command then |
57659 | 2634 requests the user to enter which justification to apply: @code{left}, |
57657
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2635 @code{center}, @code{right}, @code{top}, @code{middle}, @code{bottom}, |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2636 or @code{none}. The options @code{left}, @code{center}, and |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2637 @code{right} specify horizontal justification while the options |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2638 @code{top}, @code{middle}, @code{bottom}, and @code{none} specify |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2639 vertical justification. The vertical justification @code{none} |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2640 effectively removes vertical justification while horizontal |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2641 justification must be one of @code{left}, @code{center}, or |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2642 @code{right}. Horizontal justification and vertical justification are |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2643 specified independently. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2644 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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changeset
|
2645 @vindex table-detect-cell-alignment |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2646 Justification information is stored in the buffer as a part of text |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2647 property. Therefore, this information is ephemeral and does not |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2648 survive through the loss of the buffer (closing the buffer and |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2649 revisiting the buffer erase any previous text properties). To |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2650 countermand for this, the command @code{table-recognize} and other |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2651 recognition commands (@pxref{Table Recognition}) are equipped with a |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2652 convenience feature (turned on by default). During table recognition, |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2653 the contents of a cell are examined to determine which justification |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2654 was originally applied to the cell and then applies this justification |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2655 to the the cell. This is a speculative algorithm and is therefore not |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2656 perfect, however, the justification is deduced correctly most of the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2657 time. If you desire to disable this feature, customize the variable |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2658 @code{table-detect-cell-alignment} to set it to @code{nil}. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2659 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2660 @node Row Commands |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2661 @subsection Commands for Table Rows |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2662 @cindex table row commands |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2663 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2664 @cindex insert row in table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2665 @findex table-insert-row |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2666 The command @code{table-insert-row} inserts a row of cells before |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2667 the current row in a table. The current row where point is located is |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2668 pushed down after the newly inserted row. A numeric prefix argument |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2669 specifies the number of rows to insert. Note that in order to insert |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2670 rows @emph{after} the last row at the bottom of a table, you must |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2671 place point below the table, i.e.@: outside the table, prior to |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2672 invoking this command. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2673 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2674 @cindex delete row in table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2675 @findex table-delete-row |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2676 The command @code{table-delete-row} deletes a row of cells at point. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2677 A numeric prefix argument specifies the number of rows to delete. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2678 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2679 @node Column Commands |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2680 @subsection Commands for Table Columns |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2681 @cindex table column commands |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2682 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2683 @cindex insert column in table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2684 @findex table-insert-column |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2685 The command @code{table-insert-column} inserts a column of cells to |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2686 the left of the current row in a table. The current column where |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2687 point is located at is pushed right of the newly inserted column. To |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2688 insert a column to the right side of the right most column, place |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2689 point to the right of the rightmost column, which is outside of the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2690 table, prior to invoking this command. A numeric prefix argument |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2691 specifies the number of columns to insert. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2692 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2693 @cindex delete column in table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2694 A command @code{table-delete-column} deletes a column of cells at |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2695 point. A numeric prefix argument specifies the number of columns to |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2696 delete. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2697 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2698 @node Fixed Width Mode |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2699 @subsection Fix Width of Cells |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2700 @cindex fix width of table cells |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2701 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2702 @findex table-fixed-width-mode |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2703 The command @code{table-fixed-width-mode} toggles fixed width mode |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2704 on and off. When the fixed width mode is turned on, editing inside a |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2705 cell never changes the cell width; when it is off, the cell width |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2706 expands automatically in order to prevent a word from being folded |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2707 into multiple lines. By default, the fixed width mode is turned off. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2708 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2709 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2710 @node Table Conversion |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2711 @subsection Conversion Between Plain Text and Tables |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2712 @cindex text to table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2713 @cindex table to text |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2714 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2715 @findex table-capture |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2716 The command @code{table-capture} captures plain text in a region and |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2717 turns it into a table. Unlike @code{table-recognize} (@pxref{Table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2718 Recognition}), the original text does not have a table appearance but |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2719 may hold a logical table structure. For example, some elements |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2720 separated by known patterns form a two dimensional structure which can |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2721 be turned into a table. Look at the numbers below. The numbers are |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2722 horizontally separated by a comma and vertically separated by a |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2723 newline character. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2724 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2725 @example |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2726 1, 2, 3, 4 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2727 5, 6, 7, 8 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2728 , 9, 10 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2729 @end example |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2730 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2731 @noindent |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2732 When you invoke @kbd{M-x table-capture} on the above three-line |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2733 region, the region can be turned into the next table: |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2734 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2735 @example |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2736 +-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2737 |1 |2 |3 |4 | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2738 +-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2739 |5 |6 |7 |8 | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2740 +-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2741 | |9 |10 | | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2742 +-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2743 @end example |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2744 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2745 @noindent |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2746 where @samp{,} is used for a column delimiter regexp, a newline is |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2747 used for a row delimiter regexp, cells are left justified, and minimum |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2748 cell width is 5. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2749 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2750 @findex table-release |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2751 The command @code{table-release} does the opposite of |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2752 @code{table-capture}. It releases a table by removing the table frame |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2753 and cell borders. This leaves the table contents as plain text. One |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2754 of the useful applications of @code{table-capture} and |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2755 @code{table-release} is to edit a text in layout. Look at the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2756 following three paragraphs (the latter two are indented with header |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2757 lines): |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2758 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2759 @example |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2760 @samp{table-capture} is a powerful command however mastering its power |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2761 requires some practice. Here is a list of items what it can do. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2762 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2763 Parse Cell Items By using column delimiter regular |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2764 expression and raw delimiter regular |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2765 expression, it parses the specified text |
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|
2766 area and extracts cell items from |
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|
2767 non-table text and then forms a table out |
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|
2768 of them. |
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|
2769 |
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|
2770 Capture Text Area When no delimiters are specified it |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2771 creates a single cell table. The text in |
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|
2772 the specified region is placed in that |
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|
2773 cell. |
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|
2774 @end example |
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|
2775 |
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|
2776 @noindent |
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|
2777 Applying @code{table-capture} to a region containing the above three |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2778 paragraphs, with empty strings for column delimiter regexp and row |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2779 delimiter regexp, creates a table with a single cell like the |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2780 following one. |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2781 |
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|
2782 @c The first line's right-hand frame in the following two examples |
57659 | 2783 @c sticks out to accommodate for the removal of @samp in the |
57657
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|
2784 @c produced output!! |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2785 @example |
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|
2786 +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ |
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diff
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|
2787 |@samp{table-capture} is a powerful command however mastering its | |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2788 |power requires some practice. Here is a list of items what it | |
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diff
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|
2789 |can do. | |
9085c341d39f
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|
2790 | | |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2791 |Parse Cell Items By using column delimiter regular | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2792 | expression and raw delimiter regular | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2793 | expression, it parses the specified text | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2794 | area and extracts cell items from | |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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|
2795 | non-table text and then forms a table out | |
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diff
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|
2796 | of them. | |
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diff
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|
2797 | | |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2798 |Capture Text Area When no delimiters are specified it | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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|
2799 | creates a single cell table. The text in | |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2800 | the specified region is placed in that | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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|
2801 | cell. | |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2802 +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ |
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|
2803 @end example |
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|
2804 |
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diff
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|
2805 @noindent |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2806 By splitting the cell appropriately we now have a table consisting of |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
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|
2807 paragraphs occupying its own cell. Each cell can now be edited |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2808 independently without affecting the layout of other cells. |
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parents:
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diff
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|
2809 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2810 @example |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2811 +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2812 |@samp{table-capture} is a powerful command however mastering its | |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
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|
2813 |power requires some practice. Here is a list of items what it | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2814 |can do. | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2815 +---------------------+-------------------------------------------+ |
9085c341d39f
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2816 |Parse Cell Items |By using column delimiter regular | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2817 | |expression and raw delimiter regular | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2818 | |expression, it parses the specified text | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2819 | |area and extracts cell items from | |
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parents:
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|
2820 | |non-table text and then forms a table out | |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2821 | |of them. | |
9085c341d39f
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|
2822 +---------------------+-------------------------------------------+ |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2823 |Capture Text Area |When no delimiters are specified it | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2824 | |creates a single cell table. The text in | |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2825 | |the specified region is placed in that | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2826 | |cell. | |
9085c341d39f
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diff
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|
2827 +---------------------+-------------------------------------------+ |
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diff
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|
2828 @end example |
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|
2829 |
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diff
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|
2830 @noindent |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2831 By applying @code{table-release}, which does the opposite process, the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
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|
2832 contents become once again plain text. @code{table-release} works as |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
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|
2833 a companion command to @code{table-capture}. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2834 |
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diff
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|
2835 @node Measuring Tables |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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|
2836 @subsection Analyzing Table Dimensions |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2837 @cindex table dimensions |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2838 |
9085c341d39f
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|
2839 @findex table-query-dimension |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2840 The command @code{table-query-dimension} analyzes a table structure |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2841 and reports information regarding its dimensions. In case of the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2842 above example table, the @code{table-query-dimension} command displays |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2843 in echo area: |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2844 |
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diff
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|
2845 @smallexample |
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|
2846 Cell: (21w, 6h), Table: (67w, 16h), Dim: (2c, 3r), Total Cells: 5 |
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|
2847 @end smallexample |
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|
2848 |
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|
2849 @noindent |
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|
2850 This indicates that the current cell is 21 character wide and 6 lines |
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|
2851 high, the entire table is 67 characters wide and 16 lines high. The |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2852 table has 2 columns and 3 rows. It has a total of 5 cells, since the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2853 first row has a spanned cell. |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2854 |
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|
2855 @node Table Misc |
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|
2856 @subsection Table Miscellany |
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|
2857 |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2858 @cindex insert string into table cells |
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|
2859 @findex table-insert-sequence |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2860 The command @code{table-insert-sequence} inserts a string into each |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2861 cell. Each string is a part of a sequence i.e.@: a series of |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2862 increasing integer numbers. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2863 |
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|
2864 @cindex table in language format |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2865 @cindex table for HTML and LaTeX |
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|
2866 @findex table-generate-source |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2867 The command @code{table-generate-source} generates a table formatted |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2868 for a specific markup language. It asks for a language (which must be |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2869 one of @code{html}, @code{latex}, or @code{cals}), a destination |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2870 buffer where to put the result, and the table caption (a string), and |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2871 then inserts the generated table in the proper syntax into the |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2872 destination buffer. The default destination buffer is |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2873 @code{table.@var{lang}}, where @var{lang} is the language you |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2874 specified. |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2875 |
52401 | 2876 @ignore |
2877 arch-tag: 8db54ed8-2036-49ca-b0df-23811d03dc70 | |
2878 @end ignore |