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annotate lispref/minibuf.texi @ 90472:138027c8c982
Merge from emacs--devo--0
Patches applied:
* emacs--devo--0 (patch 300-313)
- Update from CVS
- Update from CVS: lispref/display.texi (Forcing Redisplay): Fix typo.
- Merge from gnus--rel--5.10
* gnus--rel--5.10 (patch 105-106)
- Update from CVS
Revision: emacs@sv.gnu.org/emacs--unicode--0--patch-74
author | Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org> |
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date | Sat, 17 Jun 2006 20:57:37 +0000 |
parents | a8190f7e546e |
children | 138ce2701550 |
rev | line source |
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6555 | 1 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. | |
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, |
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4 @c 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
6555 | 5 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. |
6 @setfilename ../info/minibuf | |
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7 @node Minibuffers, Command Loop, Read and Print, Top |
6555 | 8 @chapter Minibuffers |
9 @cindex arguments, reading | |
10 @cindex complex arguments | |
11 @cindex minibuffer | |
12 | |
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13 A @dfn{minibuffer} is a special buffer that Emacs commands use to |
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14 read arguments more complicated than the single numeric prefix |
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15 argument. These arguments include file names, buffer names, and |
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16 command names (as in @kbd{M-x}). The minibuffer is displayed on the |
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17 bottom line of the frame, in the same place as the echo area |
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18 (@pxref{The Echo Area}), but only while it is in use for reading an |
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19 argument. |
6555 | 20 |
21 @menu | |
22 * Intro to Minibuffers:: Basic information about minibuffers. | |
23 * Text from Minibuffer:: How to read a straight text string. | |
24 * Object from Minibuffer:: How to read a Lisp object or expression. | |
25 * Minibuffer History:: Recording previous minibuffer inputs | |
26 so the user can reuse them. | |
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27 * Initial Input:: Specifying initial contents for the minibuffer. |
6555 | 28 * Completion:: How to invoke and customize completion. |
29 * Yes-or-No Queries:: Asking a question with a simple answer. | |
30 * Multiple Queries:: Asking a series of similar questions. | |
23147 | 31 * Reading a Password:: Reading a password from the terminal. |
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32 * Minibuffer Commands:: Commands used as key bindings in minibuffers. |
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33 * Minibuffer Contents:: How such commands access the minibuffer text. |
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34 * Minibuffer Windows:: Operating on the special minibuffer windows. |
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35 * Recursive Mini:: Whether recursive entry to minibuffer is allowed. |
6555 | 36 * Minibuffer Misc:: Various customization hooks and variables. |
37 @end menu | |
38 | |
39 @node Intro to Minibuffers | |
40 @section Introduction to Minibuffers | |
41 | |
42 In most ways, a minibuffer is a normal Emacs buffer. Most operations | |
43 @emph{within} a buffer, such as editing commands, work normally in a | |
44 minibuffer. However, many operations for managing buffers do not apply | |
45 to minibuffers. The name of a minibuffer always has the form @w{@samp{ | |
46915 | 46 *Minibuf-@var{number}*}}, and it cannot be changed. Minibuffers are |
6555 | 47 displayed only in special windows used only for minibuffers; these |
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48 windows always appear at the bottom of a frame. (Sometimes frames have |
6555 | 49 no minibuffer window, and sometimes a special kind of frame contains |
50 nothing but a minibuffer window; see @ref{Minibuffers and Frames}.) | |
51 | |
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52 The text in the minibuffer always starts with the @dfn{prompt string}, |
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53 the text that was specified by the program that is using the minibuffer |
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54 to tell the user what sort of input to type. This text is marked |
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55 read-only so you won't accidentally delete or change it. It is also |
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56 marked as a field (@pxref{Fields}), so that certain motion functions, |
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57 including @code{beginning-of-line}, @code{forward-word}, |
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58 @code{forward-sentence}, and @code{forward-paragraph}, stop at the |
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59 boundary between the prompt and the actual text. (In older Emacs |
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60 versions, the prompt was displayed using a special mechanism and was not |
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61 part of the buffer contents.) |
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62 |
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63 The minibuffer's window is normally a single line; it grows |
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64 automatically if necessary if the contents require more space. You can |
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65 explicitly resize it temporarily with the window sizing commands; it |
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66 reverts to its normal size when the minibuffer is exited. You can |
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67 resize it permanently by using the window sizing commands in the frame's |
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68 other window, when the minibuffer is not active. If the frame contains |
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69 just a minibuffer, you can change the minibuffer's size by changing the |
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70 frame's size. |
6555 | 71 |
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72 Use of the minibuffer reads input events, and that alters the values |
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73 of variables such as @code{this-command} and @code{last-command} |
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74 (@pxref{Command Loop Info}). Your program should bind them around the |
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75 code that uses the minibuffer, if you do not want that to change them. |
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76 |
6555 | 77 If a command uses a minibuffer while there is an active minibuffer, |
78 this is called a @dfn{recursive minibuffer}. The first minibuffer is | |
79 named @w{@samp{ *Minibuf-0*}}. Recursive minibuffers are named by | |
80 incrementing the number at the end of the name. (The names begin with a | |
81 space so that they won't show up in normal buffer lists.) Of several | |
82 recursive minibuffers, the innermost (or most recently entered) is the | |
83 active minibuffer. We usually call this ``the'' minibuffer. You can | |
84 permit or forbid recursive minibuffers by setting the variable | |
85 @code{enable-recursive-minibuffers} or by putting properties of that | |
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86 name on command symbols (@pxref{Recursive Mini}). |
6555 | 87 |
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88 Like other buffers, a minibuffer uses a local keymap |
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89 (@pxref{Keymaps}) to specify special key bindings. The function that |
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90 invokes the minibuffer also sets up its local map according to the job |
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91 to be done. @xref{Text from Minibuffer}, for the non-completion |
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92 minibuffer local maps. @xref{Completion Commands}, for the minibuffer |
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93 local maps for completion. |
6555 | 94 |
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95 When Emacs is running in batch mode, any request to read from the |
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96 minibuffer actually reads a line from the standard input descriptor that |
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97 was supplied when Emacs was started. |
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98 |
6555 | 99 @node Text from Minibuffer |
100 @section Reading Text Strings with the Minibuffer | |
101 | |
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102 Most often, the minibuffer is used to read text as a string. It can |
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103 also be used to read a Lisp object in textual form. The most basic |
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104 primitive for minibuffer input is @code{read-from-minibuffer}; it can do |
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105 either one. There are also specialized commands for reading |
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106 commands, variables, file names, etc. (@pxref{Completion}). |
6555 | 107 |
12098 | 108 In most cases, you should not call minibuffer input functions in the |
109 middle of a Lisp function. Instead, do all minibuffer input as part of | |
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110 reading the arguments for a command, in the @code{interactive} |
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111 specification. @xref{Defining Commands}. |
12098 | 112 |
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113 @defun read-from-minibuffer prompt-string &optional initial-contents keymap read hist default inherit-input-method |
6555 | 114 This function is the most general way to get input through the |
115 minibuffer. By default, it accepts arbitrary text and returns it as a | |
116 string; however, if @var{read} is non-@code{nil}, then it uses | |
117 @code{read} to convert the text into a Lisp object (@pxref{Input | |
118 Functions}). | |
119 | |
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120 The first thing this function does is to activate a minibuffer and |
6555 | 121 display it with @var{prompt-string} as the prompt. This value must be a |
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122 string. Then the user can edit text in the minibuffer. |
6555 | 123 |
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124 When the user types a command to exit the minibuffer, |
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125 @code{read-from-minibuffer} constructs the return value from the text in |
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126 the minibuffer. Normally it returns a string containing that text. |
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127 However, if @var{read} is non-@code{nil}, @code{read-from-minibuffer} |
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128 reads the text and returns the resulting Lisp object, unevaluated. |
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129 (@xref{Input Functions}, for information about reading.) |
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130 |
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131 The argument @var{default} specifies a default value to make available |
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132 through the history commands. It should be a string, or @code{nil}. |
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133 If non-@code{nil}, the user can access it using |
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134 @code{next-history-element}, usually bound in the minibuffer to |
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135 @kbd{M-n}. If @var{read} is non-@code{nil}, then @var{default} is |
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136 also used as the input to @code{read}, if the user enters empty input. |
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137 (If @var{read} is non-@code{nil} and @var{default} is @code{nil}, empty |
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138 input results in an @code{end-of-file} error.) However, in the usual |
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139 case (where @var{read} is @code{nil}), @code{read-from-minibuffer} |
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140 ignores @var{default} when the user enters empty input and returns an |
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141 empty string, @code{""}. In this respect, it is different from all |
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142 the other minibuffer input functions in this chapter. |
6555 | 143 |
144 If @var{keymap} is non-@code{nil}, that keymap is the local keymap to | |
145 use in the minibuffer. If @var{keymap} is omitted or @code{nil}, the | |
146 value of @code{minibuffer-local-map} is used as the keymap. Specifying | |
147 a keymap is the most important way to customize the minibuffer for | |
148 various applications such as completion. | |
149 | |
150 The argument @var{hist} specifies which history list variable to use | |
151 for saving the input and for history commands used in the minibuffer. | |
152 It defaults to @code{minibuffer-history}. @xref{Minibuffer History}. | |
153 | |
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154 If the variable @code{minibuffer-allow-text-properties} is |
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155 non-@code{nil}, then the string which is returned includes whatever text |
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156 properties were present in the minibuffer. Otherwise all the text |
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157 properties are stripped when the value is returned. |
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158 |
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159 If the argument @var{inherit-input-method} is non-@code{nil}, then the |
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160 minibuffer inherits the current input method (@pxref{Input Methods}) and |
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161 the setting of @code{enable-multibyte-characters} (@pxref{Text |
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162 Representations}) from whichever buffer was current before entering the |
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163 minibuffer. |
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164 |
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165 Use of @var{initial-contents} is mostly deprecated; we recommend using |
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166 a non-@code{nil} value only in conjunction with specifying a cons cell |
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167 for @var{hist}. @xref{Initial Input}. |
6555 | 168 @end defun |
169 | |
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170 @defun read-string prompt &optional initial history default inherit-input-method |
6555 | 171 This function reads a string from the minibuffer and returns it. The |
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172 arguments @var{prompt}, @var{initial}, @var{history} and |
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173 @var{inherit-input-method} are used as in @code{read-from-minibuffer}. |
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174 The keymap used is @code{minibuffer-local-map}. |
6555 | 175 |
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176 The optional argument @var{default} is used as in |
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177 @code{read-from-minibuffer}, except that, if non-@code{nil}, it also |
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178 specifies a default value to return if the user enters null input. As |
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179 in @code{read-from-minibuffer} it should be a string, or @code{nil}, |
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180 which is equivalent to an empty string. |
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181 |
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182 This function is a simplified interface to the |
6555 | 183 @code{read-from-minibuffer} function: |
184 | |
185 @smallexample | |
186 @group | |
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187 (read-string @var{prompt} @var{initial} @var{history} @var{default} @var{inherit}) |
6555 | 188 @equiv{} |
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189 (let ((value |
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190 (read-from-minibuffer @var{prompt} @var{initial} nil nil |
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191 @var{history} @var{default} @var{inherit}))) |
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192 (if (and (equal value "") @var{default}) |
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193 @var{default} |
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194 value)) |
6555 | 195 @end group |
196 @end smallexample | |
197 @end defun | |
198 | |
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199 @defvar minibuffer-allow-text-properties |
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200 If this variable is @code{nil}, then @code{read-from-minibuffer} strips |
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201 all text properties from the minibuffer input before returning it. |
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202 This variable also affects @code{read-string}. However, |
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203 @code{read-no-blanks-input} (see below), as well as |
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204 @code{read-minibuffer} and related functions (@pxref{Object from |
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205 Minibuffer,, Reading Lisp Objects With the Minibuffer}), and all |
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206 functions that do minibuffer input with completion, discard text |
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207 properties unconditionally, regardless of the value of this variable. |
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208 @end defvar |
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209 |
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210 @defvar minibuffer-local-map |
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211 @anchor{Definition of minibuffer-local-map} |
6555 | 212 This is the default local keymap for reading from the minibuffer. By |
213 default, it makes the following bindings: | |
214 | |
215 @table @asis | |
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216 @item @kbd{C-j} |
6555 | 217 @code{exit-minibuffer} |
218 | |
219 @item @key{RET} | |
220 @code{exit-minibuffer} | |
221 | |
222 @item @kbd{C-g} | |
223 @code{abort-recursive-edit} | |
224 | |
225 @item @kbd{M-n} | |
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226 @itemx @key{DOWN} |
6555 | 227 @code{next-history-element} |
228 | |
229 @item @kbd{M-p} | |
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230 @itemx @key{UP} |
6555 | 231 @code{previous-history-element} |
232 | |
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233 @item @kbd{M-s} |
6555 | 234 @code{next-matching-history-element} |
235 | |
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236 @item @kbd{M-r} |
6555 | 237 @code{previous-matching-history-element} |
238 @end table | |
239 @end defvar | |
240 | |
241 @c In version 18, initial is required | |
242 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
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243 @defun read-no-blanks-input prompt &optional initial inherit-input-method |
6555 | 244 This function reads a string from the minibuffer, but does not allow |
245 whitespace characters as part of the input: instead, those characters | |
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246 terminate the input. The arguments @var{prompt}, @var{initial}, and |
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247 @var{inherit-input-method} are used as in @code{read-from-minibuffer}. |
6555 | 248 |
249 This is a simplified interface to the @code{read-from-minibuffer} | |
250 function, and passes the value of the @code{minibuffer-local-ns-map} | |
251 keymap as the @var{keymap} argument for that function. Since the keymap | |
252 @code{minibuffer-local-ns-map} does not rebind @kbd{C-q}, it @emph{is} | |
253 possible to put a space into the string, by quoting it. | |
254 | |
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255 This function discards text properties, regardless of the value of |
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256 @code{minibuffer-allow-text-properties}. |
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257 |
6555 | 258 @smallexample |
259 @group | |
260 (read-no-blanks-input @var{prompt} @var{initial}) | |
261 @equiv{} | |
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262 (let (minibuffer-allow-text-properties) |
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263 (read-from-minibuffer @var{prompt} @var{initial} minibuffer-local-ns-map)) |
6555 | 264 @end group |
265 @end smallexample | |
266 @end defun | |
267 | |
268 @defvar minibuffer-local-ns-map | |
269 This built-in variable is the keymap used as the minibuffer local keymap | |
270 in the function @code{read-no-blanks-input}. By default, it makes the | |
12098 | 271 following bindings, in addition to those of @code{minibuffer-local-map}: |
6555 | 272 |
273 @table @asis | |
274 @item @key{SPC} | |
275 @cindex @key{SPC} in minibuffer | |
276 @code{exit-minibuffer} | |
277 | |
278 @item @key{TAB} | |
279 @cindex @key{TAB} in minibuffer | |
280 @code{exit-minibuffer} | |
281 | |
282 @item @kbd{?} | |
283 @cindex @kbd{?} in minibuffer | |
284 @code{self-insert-and-exit} | |
285 @end table | |
286 @end defvar | |
287 | |
288 @node Object from Minibuffer | |
289 @section Reading Lisp Objects with the Minibuffer | |
290 | |
291 This section describes functions for reading Lisp objects with the | |
292 minibuffer. | |
293 | |
294 @defun read-minibuffer prompt &optional initial | |
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295 This function reads a Lisp object using the minibuffer, and returns it |
6555 | 296 without evaluating it. The arguments @var{prompt} and @var{initial} are |
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297 used as in @code{read-from-minibuffer}. |
6555 | 298 |
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299 This is a simplified interface to the |
6555 | 300 @code{read-from-minibuffer} function: |
301 | |
302 @smallexample | |
303 @group | |
304 (read-minibuffer @var{prompt} @var{initial}) | |
305 @equiv{} | |
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306 (let (minibuffer-allow-text-properties) |
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307 (read-from-minibuffer @var{prompt} @var{initial} nil t)) |
6555 | 308 @end group |
309 @end smallexample | |
310 | |
311 Here is an example in which we supply the string @code{"(testing)"} as | |
312 initial input: | |
313 | |
314 @smallexample | |
315 @group | |
316 (read-minibuffer | |
317 "Enter an expression: " (format "%s" '(testing))) | |
318 | |
319 ;; @r{Here is how the minibuffer is displayed:} | |
320 @end group | |
321 | |
322 @group | |
323 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
324 Enter an expression: (testing)@point{} | |
325 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
326 @end group | |
327 @end smallexample | |
328 | |
329 @noindent | |
330 The user can type @key{RET} immediately to use the initial input as a | |
331 default, or can edit the input. | |
332 @end defun | |
333 | |
334 @defun eval-minibuffer prompt &optional initial | |
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335 This function reads a Lisp expression using the minibuffer, evaluates |
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336 it, then returns the result. The arguments @var{prompt} and |
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337 @var{initial} are used as in @code{read-from-minibuffer}. |
6555 | 338 |
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339 This function simply evaluates the result of a call to |
6555 | 340 @code{read-minibuffer}: |
341 | |
342 @smallexample | |
343 @group | |
344 (eval-minibuffer @var{prompt} @var{initial}) | |
345 @equiv{} | |
346 (eval (read-minibuffer @var{prompt} @var{initial})) | |
347 @end group | |
348 @end smallexample | |
349 @end defun | |
350 | |
351 @defun edit-and-eval-command prompt form | |
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352 This function reads a Lisp expression in the minibuffer, and then |
6555 | 353 evaluates it. The difference between this command and |
354 @code{eval-minibuffer} is that here the initial @var{form} is not | |
355 optional and it is treated as a Lisp object to be converted to printed | |
356 representation rather than as a string of text. It is printed with | |
357 @code{prin1}, so if it is a string, double-quote characters (@samp{"}) | |
358 appear in the initial text. @xref{Output Functions}. | |
359 | |
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360 The first thing @code{edit-and-eval-command} does is to activate the |
6555 | 361 minibuffer with @var{prompt} as the prompt. Then it inserts the printed |
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362 representation of @var{form} in the minibuffer, and lets the user edit it. |
6555 | 363 When the user exits the minibuffer, the edited text is read with |
364 @code{read} and then evaluated. The resulting value becomes the value | |
365 of @code{edit-and-eval-command}. | |
366 | |
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367 In the following example, we offer the user an expression with initial |
6555 | 368 text which is a valid form already: |
369 | |
370 @smallexample | |
371 @group | |
372 (edit-and-eval-command "Please edit: " '(forward-word 1)) | |
373 | |
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374 ;; @r{After evaluation of the preceding expression,} |
6555 | 375 ;; @r{the following appears in the minibuffer:} |
376 @end group | |
377 | |
378 @group | |
379 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
380 Please edit: (forward-word 1)@point{} | |
381 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
382 @end group | |
383 @end smallexample | |
384 | |
385 @noindent | |
386 Typing @key{RET} right away would exit the minibuffer and evaluate the | |
387 expression, thus moving point forward one word. | |
388 @code{edit-and-eval-command} returns @code{nil} in this example. | |
389 @end defun | |
390 | |
391 @node Minibuffer History | |
392 @section Minibuffer History | |
393 @cindex minibuffer history | |
394 @cindex history list | |
395 | |
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396 A @dfn{minibuffer history list} records previous minibuffer inputs so |
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397 the user can reuse them conveniently. A history list is actually a |
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398 symbol, not a list; it is a variable whose value is a list of strings |
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399 (previous inputs), most recent first. |
6555 | 400 |
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401 There are many separate history lists, used for different kinds of |
6555 | 402 inputs. It's the Lisp programmer's job to specify the right history |
403 list for each use of the minibuffer. | |
404 | |
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405 You specify the history list with the optional @var{hist} argument |
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406 to either @code{read-from-minibuffer} or @code{completing-read}. Here |
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407 are the possible values for it: |
6555 | 408 |
409 @table @asis | |
410 @item @var{variable} | |
411 Use @var{variable} (a symbol) as the history list. | |
412 | |
413 @item (@var{variable} . @var{startpos}) | |
414 Use @var{variable} (a symbol) as the history list, and assume that the | |
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415 initial history position is @var{startpos} (a nonnegative integer). |
6555 | 416 |
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417 Specifying 0 for @var{startpos} is equivalent to just specifying the |
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418 symbol @var{variable}. @code{previous-history-element} will display |
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419 the most recent element of the history list in the minibuffer. If you |
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420 specify a positive @var{startpos}, the minibuffer history functions |
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421 behave as if @code{(elt @var{variable} (1- @var{STARTPOS}))} were the |
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422 history element currently shown in the minibuffer. |
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423 |
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424 For consistency, you should also specify that element of the history |
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425 as the initial minibuffer contents, using the @var{initial} argument |
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426 to the minibuffer input function (@pxref{Initial Input}). |
6555 | 427 @end table |
428 | |
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429 If you don't specify @var{hist}, then the default history list |
6555 | 430 @code{minibuffer-history} is used. For other standard history lists, |
431 see below. You can also create your own history list variable; just | |
432 initialize it to @code{nil} before the first use. | |
433 | |
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434 Both @code{read-from-minibuffer} and @code{completing-read} add new |
6555 | 435 elements to the history list automatically, and provide commands to |
436 allow the user to reuse items on the list. The only thing your program | |
437 needs to do to use a history list is to initialize it and to pass its | |
438 name to the input functions when you wish. But it is safe to modify the | |
439 list by hand when the minibuffer input functions are not using it. | |
440 | |
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441 Emacs functions that add a new element to a history list can also |
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442 delete old elements if the list gets too long. The variable |
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443 @code{history-length} specifies the maximum length for most history |
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444 lists. To specify a different maximum length for a particular history |
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445 list, put the length in the @code{history-length} property of the |
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446 history list symbol. The variable @code{history-delete-duplicates} |
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447 specifies whether to delete duplicates in history. |
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448 |
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449 @defun add-to-history history-var newelt &optional maxelt keep-all |
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450 This function adds a new element @var{newelt}, if it isn't the empty |
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451 string, to the history list stored in the variable @var{history-var}, |
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452 and returns the updated history list. It limits the list length to |
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453 the value of @var{maxelt} (if non-@code{nil}) or @code{history-length} |
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454 (described below). The possible values of @var{maxelt} have the same |
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455 meaning as the values of @code{history-length}. |
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456 |
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457 Normally, @code{add-to-history} removes duplicate members from the |
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458 history list if @code{history-delete-duplicates} is non-@code{nil}. |
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459 However, if @var{keep-all} is non-@code{nil}, that says not to remove |
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460 duplicates, and to add @var{newelt} to the list even if it is empty. |
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461 @end defun |
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462 |
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463 @defvar history-add-new-input |
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464 If the value of this variable is @code{nil}, standard functions that |
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465 read from the minibuffer don't add new elements to the history list. |
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466 This lets Lisp programs explicitly manage input history by using |
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467 @code{add-to-history}. By default, @code{history-add-new-input} is |
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468 set to a non-@code{nil} value. |
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469 @end defvar |
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470 |
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471 @defvar history-length |
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472 The value of this variable specifies the maximum length for all |
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473 history lists that don't specify their own maximum lengths. If the |
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474 value is @code{t}, that means there no maximum (don't delete old |
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475 elements). The value of @code{history-length} property of the history |
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476 list variable's symbol, if set, overrides this variable for that |
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477 particular history list. |
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478 @end defvar |
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479 |
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480 @defvar history-delete-duplicates |
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481 If the value of this variable is @code{t}, that means when adding a |
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482 new history element, all previous identical elements are deleted. |
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483 @end defvar |
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484 |
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485 Here are some of the standard minibuffer history list variables: |
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486 |
6555 | 487 @defvar minibuffer-history |
488 The default history list for minibuffer history input. | |
489 @end defvar | |
490 | |
491 @defvar query-replace-history | |
492 A history list for arguments to @code{query-replace} (and similar | |
493 arguments to other commands). | |
494 @end defvar | |
495 | |
496 @defvar file-name-history | |
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497 A history list for file-name arguments. |
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498 @end defvar |
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499 |
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500 @defvar buffer-name-history |
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501 A history list for buffer-name arguments. |
6555 | 502 @end defvar |
503 | |
504 @defvar regexp-history | |
505 A history list for regular expression arguments. | |
506 @end defvar | |
507 | |
508 @defvar extended-command-history | |
509 A history list for arguments that are names of extended commands. | |
510 @end defvar | |
511 | |
512 @defvar shell-command-history | |
513 A history list for arguments that are shell commands. | |
514 @end defvar | |
515 | |
516 @defvar read-expression-history | |
517 A history list for arguments that are Lisp expressions to evaluate. | |
518 @end defvar | |
519 | |
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520 @node Initial Input |
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521 @section Initial Input |
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522 |
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523 Several of the functions for minibuffer input have an argument called |
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524 @var{initial} or @var{initial-contents}. This is a mostly-deprecated |
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525 feature for specifying that the minibuffer should start out with |
55925
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526 certain text, instead of empty as usual. |
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527 |
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528 If @var{initial} is a string, the minibuffer starts out containing the |
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529 text of the string, with point at the end, when the user starts to |
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530 edit the text. If the user simply types @key{RET} to exit the |
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531 minibuffer, it will use the initial input string to determine the |
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532 value to return. |
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533 |
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534 @strong{We discourage use of a non-@code{nil} value for |
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535 @var{initial}}, because initial input is an intrusive interface. |
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536 History lists and default values provide a much more convenient method |
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537 to offer useful default inputs to the user. |
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538 |
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539 There is just one situation where you should specify a string for an |
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540 @var{initial} argument. This is when you specify a cons cell for the |
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541 @var{hist} or @var{history} argument. @xref{Minibuffer History}. |
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542 |
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543 @var{initial} can also be a cons cell of the form @code{(@var{string} |
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544 . @var{position})}. This means to insert @var{string} in the |
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545 minibuffer but put point at @var{position} within the string's text. |
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546 |
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547 As a historical accident, @var{position} was implemented |
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548 inconsistently in different functions. In @code{completing-read}, |
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549 @var{position}'s value is interpreted as origin-zero; that is, a value |
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550 of 0 means the beginning of the string, 1 means after the first |
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551 character, etc. In @code{read-minibuffer}, and the other |
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552 non-completion minibuffer input functions that support this argument, |
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553 1 means the beginning of the string 2 means after the first character, |
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554 etc. |
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555 |
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556 Use of a cons cell as the value for @var{initial} arguments is |
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557 deprecated in user code. |
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558 |
6555 | 559 @node Completion |
560 @section Completion | |
561 @cindex completion | |
562 | |
563 @dfn{Completion} is a feature that fills in the rest of a name | |
564 starting from an abbreviation for it. Completion works by comparing the | |
565 user's input against a list of valid names and determining how much of | |
566 the name is determined uniquely by what the user has typed. For | |
567 example, when you type @kbd{C-x b} (@code{switch-to-buffer}) and then | |
568 type the first few letters of the name of the buffer to which you wish | |
569 to switch, and then type @key{TAB} (@code{minibuffer-complete}), Emacs | |
570 extends the name as far as it can. | |
571 | |
572 Standard Emacs commands offer completion for names of symbols, files, | |
573 buffers, and processes; with the functions in this section, you can | |
574 implement completion for other kinds of names. | |
575 | |
576 The @code{try-completion} function is the basic primitive for | |
577 completion: it returns the longest determined completion of a given | |
578 initial string, with a given set of strings to match against. | |
579 | |
580 The function @code{completing-read} provides a higher-level interface | |
581 for completion. A call to @code{completing-read} specifies how to | |
582 determine the list of valid names. The function then activates the | |
583 minibuffer with a local keymap that binds a few keys to commands useful | |
584 for completion. Other functions provide convenient simple interfaces | |
585 for reading certain kinds of names with completion. | |
586 | |
587 @menu | |
588 * Basic Completion:: Low-level functions for completing strings. | |
589 (These are too low level to use the minibuffer.) | |
590 * Minibuffer Completion:: Invoking the minibuffer with completion. | |
591 * Completion Commands:: Minibuffer commands that do completion. | |
592 * High-Level Completion:: Convenient special cases of completion | |
593 (reading buffer name, file name, etc.) | |
594 * Reading File Names:: Using completion to read file names. | |
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595 * Programmed Completion:: Writing your own completion-function. |
6555 | 596 @end menu |
597 | |
598 @node Basic Completion | |
599 @subsection Basic Completion Functions | |
600 | |
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601 The completion functions @code{try-completion}, |
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602 @code{all-completions} and @code{test-completion} have nothing in |
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603 themselves to do with minibuffers. We describe them in this chapter |
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604 so as to keep them near the higher-level completion features that do |
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605 use the minibuffer. |
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606 |
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607 If you store a completion alist in a variable, you should mark the |
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608 variable as ``risky'' with a non-@code{nil} |
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609 @code{risky-local-variable} property. |
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610 |
6555 | 611 @defun try-completion string collection &optional predicate |
612 This function returns the longest common substring of all possible | |
613 completions of @var{string} in @var{collection}. The value of | |
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614 @var{collection} must be a list of strings or symbols, an alist, an |
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615 obarray, a hash table, or a function that implements a virtual set of |
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616 strings (see below). |
6555 | 617 |
618 Completion compares @var{string} against each of the permissible | |
619 completions specified by @var{collection}; if the beginning of the | |
620 permissible completion equals @var{string}, it matches. If no permissible | |
621 completions match, @code{try-completion} returns @code{nil}. If only | |
622 one permissible completion matches, and the match is exact, then | |
623 @code{try-completion} returns @code{t}. Otherwise, the value is the | |
624 longest initial sequence common to all the permissible completions that | |
625 match. | |
626 | |
627 If @var{collection} is an alist (@pxref{Association Lists}), the | |
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628 permissible completions are the elements of the alist that are either |
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629 strings, symbols, or conses whose @sc{car} is a string or symbol. |
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630 Symbols are converted to strings using @code{symbol-name}. |
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631 Other elements of the alist are ignored. (Remember that in Emacs Lisp, |
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632 the elements of alists do not @emph{have} to be conses.) As all |
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633 elements of the alist can be strings, this case actually includes |
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634 lists of strings or symbols, even though we usually do not think of |
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635 such lists as alists. |
6555 | 636 |
637 @cindex obarray in completion | |
638 If @var{collection} is an obarray (@pxref{Creating Symbols}), the names | |
639 of all symbols in the obarray form the set of permissible completions. The | |
640 global variable @code{obarray} holds an obarray containing the names of | |
641 all interned Lisp symbols. | |
642 | |
643 Note that the only valid way to make a new obarray is to create it | |
644 empty and then add symbols to it one by one using @code{intern}. | |
645 Also, you cannot intern a given symbol in more than one obarray. | |
646 | |
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647 If @var{collection} is a hash table, then the keys that are strings |
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648 are the possible completions. Other keys are ignored. |
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649 |
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650 You can also use a symbol that is a function as @var{collection}. Then |
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651 the function is solely responsible for performing completion; |
6555 | 652 @code{try-completion} returns whatever this function returns. The |
653 function is called with three arguments: @var{string}, @var{predicate} | |
654 and @code{nil}. (The reason for the third argument is so that the same | |
655 function can be used in @code{all-completions} and do the appropriate | |
656 thing in either case.) @xref{Programmed Completion}. | |
657 | |
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658 If the argument @var{predicate} is non-@code{nil}, then it must be a |
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659 function of one argument, unless @var{collection} is a hash table, in |
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660 which case it should be a function of two arguments. It is used to |
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661 test each possible match, and the match is accepted only if |
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662 @var{predicate} returns non-@code{nil}. The argument given to |
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663 @var{predicate} is either a string or a cons cell (the @sc{car} of |
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664 which is a string) from the alist, or a symbol (@emph{not} a symbol |
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665 name) from the obarray. If @var{collection} is a hash table, |
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666 @var{predicate} is called with two arguments, the string key and the |
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667 associated value. |
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668 |
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669 In addition, to be acceptable, a completion must also match all the |
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670 regular expressions in @code{completion-regexp-list}. (Unless |
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671 @var{collection} is a function, in which case that function has to |
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672 handle @code{completion-regexp-list} itself.) |
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673 |
6555 | 674 In the first of the following examples, the string @samp{foo} is |
675 matched by three of the alist @sc{car}s. All of the matches begin with | |
676 the characters @samp{fooba}, so that is the result. In the second | |
677 example, there is only one possible match, and it is exact, so the value | |
678 is @code{t}. | |
679 | |
680 @smallexample | |
681 @group | |
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682 (try-completion |
6555 | 683 "foo" |
684 '(("foobar1" 1) ("barfoo" 2) ("foobaz" 3) ("foobar2" 4))) | |
685 @result{} "fooba" | |
686 @end group | |
687 | |
688 @group | |
689 (try-completion "foo" '(("barfoo" 2) ("foo" 3))) | |
690 @result{} t | |
691 @end group | |
692 @end smallexample | |
693 | |
694 In the following example, numerous symbols begin with the characters | |
695 @samp{forw}, and all of them begin with the word @samp{forward}. In | |
696 most of the symbols, this is followed with a @samp{-}, but not in all, | |
697 so no more than @samp{forward} can be completed. | |
698 | |
699 @smallexample | |
700 @group | |
701 (try-completion "forw" obarray) | |
702 @result{} "forward" | |
703 @end group | |
704 @end smallexample | |
705 | |
706 Finally, in the following example, only two of the three possible | |
707 matches pass the predicate @code{test} (the string @samp{foobaz} is | |
708 too short). Both of those begin with the string @samp{foobar}. | |
709 | |
710 @smallexample | |
711 @group | |
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712 (defun test (s) |
6555 | 713 (> (length (car s)) 6)) |
714 @result{} test | |
715 @end group | |
716 @group | |
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717 (try-completion |
6555 | 718 "foo" |
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719 '(("foobar1" 1) ("barfoo" 2) ("foobaz" 3) ("foobar2" 4)) |
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720 'test) |
6555 | 721 @result{} "foobar" |
722 @end group | |
723 @end smallexample | |
724 @end defun | |
725 | |
12067 | 726 @defun all-completions string collection &optional predicate nospace |
6555 | 727 This function returns a list of all possible completions of |
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728 @var{string}. The arguments to this function (aside from |
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729 @var{nospace}) are the same as those of @code{try-completion}. Also, |
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730 this function uses @code{completion-regexp-list} in the same way that |
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731 @code{try-completion} does. The optional argument @var{nospace} only |
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732 matters if @var{string} is the empty string. In that case, if |
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733 @var{nospace} is non-@code{nil}, completions that start with a space |
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734 are ignored. |
6555 | 735 |
736 If @var{collection} is a function, it is called with three arguments: | |
737 @var{string}, @var{predicate} and @code{t}; then @code{all-completions} | |
738 returns whatever the function returns. @xref{Programmed Completion}. | |
739 | |
740 Here is an example, using the function @code{test} shown in the | |
741 example for @code{try-completion}: | |
742 | |
743 @smallexample | |
744 @group | |
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745 (defun test (s) |
6555 | 746 (> (length (car s)) 6)) |
747 @result{} test | |
748 @end group | |
749 | |
750 @group | |
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751 (all-completions |
6555 | 752 "foo" |
753 '(("foobar1" 1) ("barfoo" 2) ("foobaz" 3) ("foobar2" 4)) | |
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754 'test) |
6555 | 755 @result{} ("foobar1" "foobar2") |
756 @end group | |
757 @end smallexample | |
758 @end defun | |
759 | |
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760 @defun test-completion string collection &optional predicate |
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761 @anchor{Definition of test-completion} |
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762 This function returns non-@code{nil} if @var{string} is a valid |
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763 completion possibility specified by @var{collection} and |
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764 @var{predicate}. The arguments are the same as in |
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765 @code{try-completion}. For instance, if @var{collection} is a list of |
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766 strings, this is true if @var{string} appears in the list and |
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767 @var{predicate} is satisfied. |
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768 |
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769 @code{test-completion} uses @code{completion-regexp-list} in the same |
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770 way that @code{try-completion} does. |
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771 |
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772 If @var{predicate} is non-@code{nil} and if @var{collection} contains |
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773 several strings that are equal to each other, as determined by |
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774 @code{compare-strings} according to @code{completion-ignore-case}, |
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775 then @var{predicate} should accept either all or none of them. |
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776 Otherwise, the return value of @code{test-completion} is essentially |
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777 unpredictable. |
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778 |
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779 If @var{collection} is a function, it is called with three arguments, |
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780 the values @var{string}, @var{predicate} and @code{lambda}; whatever |
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781 it returns, @code{test-completion} returns in turn. |
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782 @end defun |
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783 |
6555 | 784 @defvar completion-ignore-case |
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785 If the value of this variable is non-@code{nil}, Emacs does not |
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786 consider case significant in completion. |
6555 | 787 @end defvar |
788 | |
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789 @defvar completion-regexp-list |
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790 This is a list of regular expressions. The completion functions only |
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791 consider a completion acceptable if it matches all regular expressions |
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792 in this list, with @code{case-fold-search} (@pxref{Searching and Case}) |
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793 bound to the value of @code{completion-ignore-case}. |
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794 @end defvar |
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795 |
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796 @defmac lazy-completion-table var fun |
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797 This macro provides a way to initialize the variable @var{var} as a |
51989
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798 collection for completion in a lazy way, not computing its actual |
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799 contents until they are first needed. You use this macro to produce a |
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800 value that you store in @var{var}. The actual computation of the |
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801 proper value is done the first time you do completion using @var{var}. |
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802 It is done by calling @var{fun} with no arguments. The |
51989
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803 value @var{fun} returns becomes the permanent value of @var{var}. |
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804 |
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805 Here is an example of use: |
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806 |
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807 @smallexample |
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808 (defvar foo (lazy-completion-table foo make-my-alist)) |
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809 @end smallexample |
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810 @end defmac |
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811 |
6555 | 812 @node Minibuffer Completion |
813 @subsection Completion and the Minibuffer | |
814 | |
815 This section describes the basic interface for reading from the | |
816 minibuffer with completion. | |
817 | |
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818 @defun completing-read prompt collection &optional predicate require-match initial hist default inherit-input-method |
6555 | 819 This function reads a string in the minibuffer, assisting the user by |
820 providing completion. It activates the minibuffer with prompt | |
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821 @var{prompt}, which must be a string. |
6555 | 822 |
823 The actual completion is done by passing @var{collection} and | |
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824 @var{predicate} to the function @code{try-completion}. This happens |
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825 in certain commands bound in the local keymaps used for completion. |
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826 Some of these commands also call @code{test-completion}. Thus, if |
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827 @var{predicate} is non-@code{nil}, it should be compatible with |
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828 @var{collection} and @code{completion-ignore-case}. @xref{Definition |
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829 of test-completion}. |
6555 | 830 |
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831 If @var{require-match} is @code{nil}, the exit commands work regardless |
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832 of the input in the minibuffer. If @var{require-match} is @code{t}, the |
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833 usual minibuffer exit commands won't exit unless the input completes to |
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834 an element of @var{collection}. If @var{require-match} is neither |
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835 @code{nil} nor @code{t}, then the exit commands won't exit unless the |
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836 input already in the buffer matches an element of @var{collection}. |
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837 |
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838 However, empty input is always permitted, regardless of the value of |
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839 @var{require-match}; in that case, @code{completing-read} returns |
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840 @var{default}, or @code{""}, if @var{default} is @code{nil}. The |
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841 value of @var{default} (if non-@code{nil}) is also available to the |
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842 user through the history commands. |
6555 | 843 |
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844 The function @code{completing-read} uses |
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845 @code{minibuffer-local-completion-map} as the keymap if |
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846 @var{require-match} is @code{nil}, and uses |
6555 | 847 @code{minibuffer-local-must-match-map} if @var{require-match} is |
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848 non-@code{nil}. @xref{Completion Commands}. |
6555 | 849 |
850 The argument @var{hist} specifies which history list variable to use for | |
851 saving the input and for minibuffer history commands. It defaults to | |
852 @code{minibuffer-history}. @xref{Minibuffer History}. | |
853 | |
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854 The argument @var{initial} is mostly deprecated; we recommend using a |
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855 non-@code{nil} value only in conjunction with specifying a cons cell |
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856 for @var{hist}. @xref{Initial Input}. For default input, use |
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857 @var{default} instead. |
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858 |
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859 If the argument @var{inherit-input-method} is non-@code{nil}, then the |
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860 minibuffer inherits the current input method (@pxref{Input |
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861 Methods}) and the setting of @code{enable-multibyte-characters} |
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862 (@pxref{Text Representations}) from whichever buffer was current before |
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863 entering the minibuffer. |
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864 |
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865 If the built-in variable @code{completion-ignore-case} is |
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866 non-@code{nil}, completion ignores case when comparing the input |
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867 against the possible matches. @xref{Basic Completion}. In this mode |
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868 of operation, @var{predicate} must also ignore case, or you will get |
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|
869 surprising results. |
6555 | 870 |
871 Here's an example of using @code{completing-read}: | |
872 | |
873 @smallexample | |
874 @group | |
875 (completing-read | |
876 "Complete a foo: " | |
877 '(("foobar1" 1) ("barfoo" 2) ("foobaz" 3) ("foobar2" 4)) | |
878 nil t "fo") | |
879 @end group | |
880 | |
881 @group | |
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882 ;; @r{After evaluation of the preceding expression,} |
6555 | 883 ;; @r{the following appears in the minibuffer:} |
884 | |
885 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
886 Complete a foo: fo@point{} | |
887 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
888 @end group | |
889 @end smallexample | |
890 | |
891 @noindent | |
892 If the user then types @kbd{@key{DEL} @key{DEL} b @key{RET}}, | |
893 @code{completing-read} returns @code{barfoo}. | |
894 | |
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895 The @code{completing-read} function binds variables to pass |
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896 information to the commands that actually do completion. |
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897 They are described in the following section. |
6555 | 898 @end defun |
899 | |
900 @node Completion Commands | |
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901 @subsection Minibuffer Commands that Do Completion |
6555 | 902 |
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903 This section describes the keymaps, commands and user options used |
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904 in the minibuffer to do completion. The description refers to the |
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905 situation when Partial Completion mode is disabled (as it is by |
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906 default). When enabled, this minor mode uses its own alternatives to |
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907 some of the commands described below. @xref{Completion Options,,, |
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908 emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}, for a short description of Partial |
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909 Completion mode. |
6555 | 910 |
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911 @defvar minibuffer-completion-table |
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912 The value of this variable is the collection used for completion in |
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913 the minibuffer. This is the global variable that contains what |
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914 @code{completing-read} passes to @code{try-completion}. It is used by |
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915 minibuffer completion commands such as @code{minibuffer-complete-word}. |
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916 @end defvar |
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917 |
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918 @defvar minibuffer-completion-predicate |
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919 This variable's value is the predicate that @code{completing-read} |
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920 passes to @code{try-completion}. The variable is also used by the other |
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921 minibuffer completion functions. |
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922 @end defvar |
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923 |
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924 @defvar minibuffer-completion-confirm |
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925 When the value of this variable is non-@code{nil}, Emacs asks for |
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926 confirmation of a completion before exiting the minibuffer. |
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927 @code{completing-read} binds this variable, and the function |
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928 @code{minibuffer-complete-and-exit} checks the value before exiting. |
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929 @end defvar |
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930 |
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931 @deffn Command minibuffer-complete-word |
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932 This function completes the minibuffer contents by at most a single |
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933 word. Even if the minibuffer contents have only one completion, |
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934 @code{minibuffer-complete-word} does not add any characters beyond the |
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935 first character that is not a word constituent. @xref{Syntax Tables}. |
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936 @end deffn |
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937 |
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938 @deffn Command minibuffer-complete |
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939 This function completes the minibuffer contents as far as possible. |
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940 @end deffn |
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941 |
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942 @deffn Command minibuffer-complete-and-exit |
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943 This function completes the minibuffer contents, and exits if |
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|
944 confirmation is not required, i.e., if |
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Fix formatting ugliness.
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diff
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|
945 @code{minibuffer-completion-confirm} is @code{nil}. If confirmation |
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Fix formatting ugliness.
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diff
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|
946 @emph{is} required, it is given by repeating this command |
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Fix formatting ugliness.
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diff
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|
947 immediately---the command is programmed to work without confirmation |
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diff
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|
948 when run twice in succession. |
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Fix formatting ugliness.
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diff
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|
949 @end deffn |
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|
950 |
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diff
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|
951 @deffn Command minibuffer-completion-help |
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Fix formatting ugliness.
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diff
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|
952 This function creates a list of the possible completions of the |
6dfe79da09ed
Fix formatting ugliness.
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diff
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|
953 current minibuffer contents. It works by calling @code{all-completions} |
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Fix formatting ugliness.
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|
954 using the value of the variable @code{minibuffer-completion-table} as |
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Fix formatting ugliness.
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diff
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|
955 the @var{collection} argument, and the value of |
6dfe79da09ed
Fix formatting ugliness.
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diff
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|
956 @code{minibuffer-completion-predicate} as the @var{predicate} argument. |
6dfe79da09ed
Fix formatting ugliness.
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|
957 The list of completions is displayed as text in a buffer named |
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Fix formatting ugliness.
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diff
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|
958 @samp{*Completions*}. |
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|
959 @end deffn |
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|
960 |
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Write about new optional argument for `display-completion-list'.
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|
961 @defun display-completion-list completions &optional common-substring |
63582
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Fix formatting ugliness.
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|
962 This function displays @var{completions} to the stream in |
6dfe79da09ed
Fix formatting ugliness.
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|
963 @code{standard-output}, usually a buffer. (@xref{Read and Print}, for more |
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Fix formatting ugliness.
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|
964 information about streams.) The argument @var{completions} is normally |
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Fix formatting ugliness.
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|
965 a list of completions just returned by @code{all-completions}, but it |
6dfe79da09ed
Fix formatting ugliness.
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diff
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|
966 does not have to be. Each element may be a symbol or a string, either |
6dfe79da09ed
Fix formatting ugliness.
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diff
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|
967 of which is simply printed. It can also be a list of two strings, |
6dfe79da09ed
Fix formatting ugliness.
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|
968 which is printed as if the strings were concatenated. The first of |
6dfe79da09ed
Fix formatting ugliness.
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|
969 the two strings is the actual completion, the second string serves as |
6dfe79da09ed
Fix formatting ugliness.
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|
970 annotation. |
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|
971 |
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|
972 The argument @var{common-substring} is the prefix that is common to |
8abfaaf2f6f1
(Completion Commands): Clean up prev change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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66468
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|
973 all the completions. With normal Emacs completion, it is usually the |
8abfaaf2f6f1
(Completion Commands): Clean up prev change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
974 same as the string that was completed. @code{display-completion-list} |
8abfaaf2f6f1
(Completion Commands): Clean up prev change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
975 uses this to highlight text in the completion list for better visual |
8abfaaf2f6f1
(Completion Commands): Clean up prev change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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66468
diff
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|
976 feedback. This is not needed in the minibuffer; for minibuffer |
8abfaaf2f6f1
(Completion Commands): Clean up prev change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
66468
diff
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|
977 completion, you can pass @code{nil}. |
66468
448890268bf7
Write about new optional argument for `display-completion-list'.
Masatake YAMATO <jet@gyve.org>
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|
978 |
67881
d9ec339158fe
(Basic Completion): Update lazy-completion-table examples for removal
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
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diff
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|
979 This function is called by @code{minibuffer-completion-help}. The |
63582
6dfe79da09ed
Fix formatting ugliness.
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|
980 most common way to use it is together with |
6dfe79da09ed
Fix formatting ugliness.
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|
981 @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer}, like this: |
6dfe79da09ed
Fix formatting ugliness.
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|
982 |
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|
983 @example |
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|
984 (with-output-to-temp-buffer "*Completions*" |
6dfe79da09ed
Fix formatting ugliness.
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|
985 (display-completion-list |
66468
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Write about new optional argument for `display-completion-list'.
Masatake YAMATO <jet@gyve.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
986 (all-completions (buffer-string) my-alist) |
448890268bf7
Write about new optional argument for `display-completion-list'.
Masatake YAMATO <jet@gyve.org>
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|
987 (buffer-string))) |
63582
6dfe79da09ed
Fix formatting ugliness.
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|
988 @end example |
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Fix formatting ugliness.
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|
989 @end defun |
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|
990 |
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|
991 @defopt completion-auto-help |
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diff
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|
992 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, the completion commands |
6dfe79da09ed
Fix formatting ugliness.
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|
993 automatically display a list of possible completions whenever nothing |
6dfe79da09ed
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|
994 can be completed because the next character is not uniquely determined. |
6dfe79da09ed
Fix formatting ugliness.
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diff
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|
995 @end defopt |
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Fix formatting ugliness.
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|
996 |
6555 | 997 @defvar minibuffer-local-completion-map |
7221
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|
998 @code{completing-read} uses this value as the local keymap when an |
6555 | 999 exact match of one of the completions is not required. By default, this |
1000 keymap makes the following bindings: | |
1001 | |
1002 @table @asis | |
1003 @item @kbd{?} | |
1004 @code{minibuffer-completion-help} | |
1005 | |
1006 @item @key{SPC} | |
1007 @code{minibuffer-complete-word} | |
1008 | |
1009 @item @key{TAB} | |
1010 @code{minibuffer-complete} | |
1011 @end table | |
1012 | |
1013 @noindent | |
7221
a2c7acc3be9c
*** empty log message ***
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diff
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|
1014 with other characters bound as in @code{minibuffer-local-map} |
53801
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(Text from Minibuffer): Various corrections and clarifications.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
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diff
changeset
|
1015 (@pxref{Definition of minibuffer-local-map}). |
6555 | 1016 @end defvar |
1017 | |
1018 @defvar minibuffer-local-must-match-map | |
1019 @code{completing-read} uses this value as the local keymap when an | |
1020 exact match of one of the completions is required. Therefore, no keys | |
7221
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*** empty log message ***
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|
1021 are bound to @code{exit-minibuffer}, the command that exits the |
6555 | 1022 minibuffer unconditionally. By default, this keymap makes the following |
1023 bindings: | |
1024 | |
1025 @table @asis | |
1026 @item @kbd{?} | |
1027 @code{minibuffer-completion-help} | |
1028 | |
1029 @item @key{SPC} | |
1030 @code{minibuffer-complete-word} | |
1031 | |
1032 @item @key{TAB} | |
1033 @code{minibuffer-complete} | |
1034 | |
21682
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diff
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|
1035 @item @kbd{C-j} |
6555 | 1036 @code{minibuffer-complete-and-exit} |
1037 | |
1038 @item @key{RET} | |
1039 @code{minibuffer-complete-and-exit} | |
1040 @end table | |
1041 | |
1042 @noindent | |
1043 with other characters bound as in @code{minibuffer-local-map}. | |
1044 @end defvar | |
1045 | |
67396
2b8ecf96107e
(Intro to Minibuffers): Replace list of local maps
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|
1046 @defvar minibuffer-local-filename-completion-map |
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(Intro to Minibuffers): Replace list of local maps
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|
1047 This is like @code{minibuffer-local-completion-map} |
67499
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(Completion Commands): Add mention of read-file-name
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1048 except that it does not bind @key{SPC}. This keymap is used by the |
91703011b252
(Completion Commands): Add mention of read-file-name
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
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|
1049 function @code{read-file-name}. |
67396
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(Intro to Minibuffers): Replace list of local maps
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1050 @end defvar |
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|
1051 |
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(Intro to Minibuffers): Replace list of local maps
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|
1052 @defvar minibuffer-local-must-match-filename-map |
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(Intro to Minibuffers): Replace list of local maps
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|
1053 This is like @code{minibuffer-local-must-match-map} |
67499
91703011b252
(Completion Commands): Add mention of read-file-name
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67414
diff
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|
1054 except that it does not bind @key{SPC}. This keymap is used by the |
91703011b252
(Completion Commands): Add mention of read-file-name
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|
1055 function @code{read-file-name}. |
67396
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(Intro to Minibuffers): Replace list of local maps
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|
1056 @end defvar |
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(Intro to Minibuffers): Replace list of local maps
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diff
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|
1057 |
6555 | 1058 @node High-Level Completion |
1059 @subsection High-Level Completion Functions | |
1060 | |
1061 This section describes the higher-level convenient functions for | |
1062 reading certain sorts of names with completion. | |
1063 | |
12098 | 1064 In most cases, you should not call these functions in the middle of a |
1065 Lisp function. When possible, do all minibuffer input as part of | |
22138
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|
1066 reading the arguments for a command, in the @code{interactive} |
d4ac295a98b3
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|
1067 specification. @xref{Defining Commands}. |
12098 | 1068 |
6555 | 1069 @defun read-buffer prompt &optional default existing |
1070 This function reads the name of a buffer and returns it as a string. | |
1071 The argument @var{default} is the default name to use, the value to | |
1072 return if the user exits with an empty minibuffer. If non-@code{nil}, | |
1073 it should be a string or a buffer. It is mentioned in the prompt, but | |
1074 is not inserted in the minibuffer as initial input. | |
1075 | |
65758
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(High-Level Completion): Explain that the prompt
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|
1076 The argument @var{prompt} should be a string ending with a colon and a |
028c8f536edb
(High-Level Completion): Explain that the prompt
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
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|
1077 space. If @var{default} is non-@code{nil}, the function inserts it in |
028c8f536edb
(High-Level Completion): Explain that the prompt
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|
1078 @var{prompt} before the colon to follow the convention for reading from |
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|
1079 the minibuffer with a default value (@pxref{Programming Tips}). |
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|
1080 |
6555 | 1081 If @var{existing} is non-@code{nil}, then the name specified must be |
7221
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|
1082 that of an existing buffer. The usual commands to exit the minibuffer |
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*** empty log message ***
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diff
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|
1083 do not exit if the text is not valid, and @key{RET} does completion to |
53801
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(Text from Minibuffer): Various corrections and clarifications.
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|
1084 attempt to find a valid name. If @var{existing} is neither @code{nil} |
7fda9e6236d5
(Text from Minibuffer): Various corrections and clarifications.
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parents:
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changeset
|
1085 nor @code{t}, confirmation is required after completion. (However, |
7fda9e6236d5
(Text from Minibuffer): Various corrections and clarifications.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
53429
diff
changeset
|
1086 @var{default} is not checked for validity; it is returned, whatever it |
7fda9e6236d5
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1087 is, if the user exits with the minibuffer empty.) |
6555 | 1088 |
1089 In the following example, the user enters @samp{minibuffer.t}, and | |
1090 then types @key{RET}. The argument @var{existing} is @code{t}, and the | |
1091 only buffer name starting with the given input is | |
1092 @samp{minibuffer.texi}, so that name is the value. | |
1093 | |
1094 @example | |
65758
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diff
changeset
|
1095 (read-buffer "Buffer name: " "foo" t) |
6555 | 1096 @group |
49600
23a1cea22d13
Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
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diff
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|
1097 ;; @r{After evaluation of the preceding expression,} |
6555 | 1098 ;; @r{the following prompt appears,} |
1099 ;; @r{with an empty minibuffer:} | |
1100 @end group | |
1101 | |
1102 @group | |
1103 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
65758
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|
1104 Buffer name (default foo): @point{} |
6555 | 1105 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- |
1106 @end group | |
1107 | |
1108 @group | |
1109 ;; @r{The user types @kbd{minibuffer.t @key{RET}}.} | |
1110 @result{} "minibuffer.texi" | |
1111 @end group | |
1112 @end example | |
1113 @end defun | |
1114 | |
21007
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1115 @defvar read-buffer-function |
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1116 This variable specifies how to read buffer names. For example, if you |
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|
1117 set this variable to @code{iswitchb-read-buffer}, all Emacs commands |
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|
1118 that call @code{read-buffer} to read a buffer name will actually use the |
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|
1119 @code{iswitchb} package to read it. |
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|
1120 @end defvar |
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1121 |
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|
1122 @defun read-command prompt &optional default |
6555 | 1123 This function reads the name of a command and returns it as a Lisp |
1124 symbol. The argument @var{prompt} is used as in | |
1125 @code{read-from-minibuffer}. Recall that a command is anything for | |
1126 which @code{commandp} returns @code{t}, and a command name is a symbol | |
1127 for which @code{commandp} returns @code{t}. @xref{Interactive Call}. | |
1128 | |
21007
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1129 The argument @var{default} specifies what to return if the user enters |
21682
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|
1130 null input. It can be a symbol or a string; if it is a string, |
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|
1131 @code{read-command} interns it before returning it. If @var{default} is |
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|
1132 @code{nil}, that means no default has been specified; then if the user |
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1133 enters null input, the return value is @code{(intern "")}, that is, a |
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|
1134 symbol whose name is an empty string. |
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|
1135 |
6555 | 1136 @example |
1137 (read-command "Command name? ") | |
1138 | |
1139 @group | |
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1140 ;; @r{After evaluation of the preceding expression,} |
6555 | 1141 ;; @r{the following prompt appears with an empty minibuffer:} |
1142 @end group | |
1143 | |
1144 @group | |
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1145 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- |
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|
1146 Command name? |
6555 | 1147 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- |
1148 @end group | |
1149 @end example | |
1150 | |
1151 @noindent | |
1152 If the user types @kbd{forward-c @key{RET}}, then this function returns | |
1153 @code{forward-char}. | |
1154 | |
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|
1155 The @code{read-command} function is a simplified interface to |
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|
1156 @code{completing-read}. It uses the variable @code{obarray} so as to |
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|
1157 complete in the set of extant Lisp symbols, and it uses the |
6555 | 1158 @code{commandp} predicate so as to accept only command names: |
1159 | |
1160 @cindex @code{commandp} example | |
1161 @example | |
1162 @group | |
1163 (read-command @var{prompt}) | |
1164 @equiv{} | |
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|
1165 (intern (completing-read @var{prompt} obarray |
6555 | 1166 'commandp t nil)) |
1167 @end group | |
1168 @end example | |
1169 @end defun | |
1170 | |
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|
1171 @defun read-variable prompt &optional default |
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|
1172 @anchor{Definition of read-variable} |
6555 | 1173 This function reads the name of a user variable and returns it as a |
1174 symbol. | |
1175 | |
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|
1176 The argument @var{default} specifies what to return if the user enters |
21682
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|
1177 null input. It can be a symbol or a string; if it is a string, |
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|
1178 @code{read-variable} interns it before returning it. If @var{default} |
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|
1179 is @code{nil}, that means no default has been specified; then if the |
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|
1180 user enters null input, the return value is @code{(intern "")}. |
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|
1181 |
6555 | 1182 @example |
1183 @group | |
1184 (read-variable "Variable name? ") | |
1185 | |
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1186 ;; @r{After evaluation of the preceding expression,} |
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|
1187 ;; @r{the following prompt appears,} |
6555 | 1188 ;; @r{with an empty minibuffer:} |
1189 @end group | |
1190 | |
1191 @group | |
1192 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
1193 Variable name? @point{} | |
1194 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
1195 @end group | |
1196 @end example | |
1197 | |
1198 @noindent | |
1199 If the user then types @kbd{fill-p @key{RET}}, @code{read-variable} | |
1200 returns @code{fill-prefix}. | |
1201 | |
1202 This function is similar to @code{read-command}, but uses the | |
1203 predicate @code{user-variable-p} instead of @code{commandp}: | |
1204 | |
1205 @cindex @code{user-variable-p} example | |
1206 @example | |
1207 @group | |
1208 (read-variable @var{prompt}) | |
1209 @equiv{} | |
1210 (intern | |
1211 (completing-read @var{prompt} obarray | |
1212 'user-variable-p t nil)) | |
1213 @end group | |
1214 @end example | |
1215 @end defun | |
1216 | |
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|
1217 See also the functions @code{read-coding-system} and |
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(High-Level Completion): Add xref to read-input-method-name.
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|
1218 @code{read-non-nil-coding-system}, in @ref{User-Chosen Coding Systems}, |
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(High-Level Completion): Add xref to read-input-method-name.
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|
1219 and @code{read-input-method-name}, in @ref{Input Methods}. |
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|
1220 |
6555 | 1221 @node Reading File Names |
1222 @subsection Reading File Names | |
1223 | |
1224 Here is another high-level completion function, designed for reading a | |
1225 file name. It provides special features including automatic insertion | |
1226 of the default directory. | |
1227 | |
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(Reading File Names): read-file-name has new arg PREDICATE.
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|
1228 @defun read-file-name prompt &optional directory default existing initial predicate |
6555 | 1229 This function reads a file name in the minibuffer, prompting with |
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|
1230 @var{prompt} and providing completion. |
6555 | 1231 |
7221
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|
1232 If @var{existing} is non-@code{nil}, then the user must specify the name |
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*** empty log message ***
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|
1233 of an existing file; @key{RET} performs completion to make the name |
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diff
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|
1234 valid if possible, and then refuses to exit if it is not valid. If the |
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*** empty log message ***
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|
1235 value of @var{existing} is neither @code{nil} nor @code{t}, then |
a2c7acc3be9c
*** empty log message ***
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|
1236 @key{RET} also requires confirmation after completion. If |
a2c7acc3be9c
*** empty log message ***
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diff
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|
1237 @var{existing} is @code{nil}, then the name of a nonexistent file is |
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*** empty log message ***
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|
1238 acceptable. |
6555 | 1239 |
67499
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(Completion Commands): Add mention of read-file-name
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|
1240 The function @code{read-file-name} uses |
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|
1241 @code{minibuffer-local-filename-completion-map} as the keymap if |
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|
1242 @var{existing} is @code{nil}, and uses |
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|
1243 @code{minibuffer-local-must-match-filename-map} if @var{existing} is |
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|
1244 non-@code{nil}. @xref{Completion Commands}. |
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|
1245 |
6555 | 1246 The argument @var{directory} specifies the directory to use for |
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|
1247 completion of relative file names. It should be an absolute directory |
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|
1248 name. If @code{insert-default-directory} is non-@code{nil}, |
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|
1249 @var{directory} is also inserted in the minibuffer as initial input. |
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|
1250 It defaults to the current buffer's value of @code{default-directory}. |
6555 | 1251 |
1252 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
52626 | 1253 If you specify @var{initial}, that is an initial file name to insert |
1254 in the buffer (after @var{directory}, if that is inserted). In this | |
7221
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*** empty log message ***
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6555
diff
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|
1255 case, point goes at the beginning of @var{initial}. The default for |
a2c7acc3be9c
*** empty log message ***
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6555
diff
changeset
|
1256 @var{initial} is @code{nil}---don't insert any file name. To see what |
52626 | 1257 @var{initial} does, try the command @kbd{C-x C-v}. @strong{Please |
1258 note:} we recommend using @var{default} rather than @var{initial} in | |
1259 most cases. | |
6555 | 1260 |
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|
1261 If @var{default} is non-@code{nil}, then the function returns |
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|
1262 @var{default} if the user exits the minibuffer with the same non-empty |
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|
1263 contents that @code{read-file-name} inserted initially. The initial |
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|
1264 minibuffer contents are always non-empty if |
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|
1265 @code{insert-default-directory} is non-@code{nil}, as it is by |
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|
1266 default. @var{default} is not checked for validity, regardless of the |
7fda9e6236d5
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diff
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|
1267 value of @var{existing}. However, if @var{existing} is |
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diff
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|
1268 non-@code{nil}, the initial minibuffer contents should be a valid file |
7fda9e6236d5
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diff
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|
1269 (or directory) name. Otherwise @code{read-file-name} attempts |
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53429
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|
1270 completion if the user exits without any editing, and does not return |
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|
1271 @var{default}. @var{default} is also available through the history |
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|
1272 commands. |
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|
1273 |
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|
1274 If @var{default} is @code{nil}, @code{read-file-name} tries to find a |
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|
1275 substitute default to use in its place, which it treats in exactly the |
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|
1276 same way as if it had been specified explicitly. If @var{default} is |
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|
1277 @code{nil}, but @var{initial} is non-@code{nil}, then the default is |
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|
1278 the absolute file name obtained from @var{directory} and |
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|
1279 @var{initial}. If both @var{default} and @var{initial} are @code{nil} |
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|
1280 and the buffer is visiting a file, @code{read-file-name} uses the |
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|
1281 absolute file name of that file as default. If the buffer is not |
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|
1282 visiting a file, then there is no default. In that case, if the user |
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changeset
|
1283 types @key{RET} without any editing, @code{read-file-name} simply |
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|
1284 returns the pre-inserted contents of the minibuffer. |
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|
1285 |
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|
1286 If the user types @key{RET} in an empty minibuffer, this function |
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|
1287 returns an empty string, regardless of the value of @var{existing}. |
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|
1288 This is, for instance, how the user can make the current buffer visit |
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|
1289 no file using @code{M-x set-visited-file-name}. |
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|
1290 |
52146
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diff
changeset
|
1291 If @var{predicate} is non-@code{nil}, it specifies a function of one |
c78c690c99e8
(Reading File Names): read-file-name has new arg PREDICATE.
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diff
changeset
|
1292 argument that decides which file names are acceptable completion |
c78c690c99e8
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1293 possibilities. A file name is an acceptable value if @var{predicate} |
c78c690c99e8
(Reading File Names): read-file-name has new arg PREDICATE.
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diff
changeset
|
1294 returns non-@code{nil} for it. |
c78c690c99e8
(Reading File Names): read-file-name has new arg PREDICATE.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1295 |
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|
1296 @code{read-file-name} does not automatically expand file names. You |
7fda9e6236d5
(Text from Minibuffer): Various corrections and clarifications.
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diff
changeset
|
1297 must call @code{expand-file-name} yourself if an absolute file name is |
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(Text from Minibuffer): Various corrections and clarifications.
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|
1298 required. |
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|
1299 |
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|
1300 Here is an example: |
6555 | 1301 |
1302 @example | |
1303 @group | |
1304 (read-file-name "The file is ") | |
1305 | |
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|
1306 ;; @r{After evaluation of the preceding expression,} |
6555 | 1307 ;; @r{the following appears in the minibuffer:} |
1308 @end group | |
1309 | |
1310 @group | |
1311 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
1312 The file is /gp/gnu/elisp/@point{} | |
1313 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
1314 @end group | |
1315 @end example | |
1316 | |
1317 @noindent | |
1318 Typing @kbd{manual @key{TAB}} results in the following: | |
1319 | |
1320 @example | |
1321 @group | |
1322 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
1323 The file is /gp/gnu/elisp/manual.texi@point{} | |
1324 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
1325 @end group | |
1326 @end example | |
1327 | |
1328 @c Wordy to avoid overfull hbox in smallbook mode. | |
1329 @noindent | |
1330 If the user types @key{RET}, @code{read-file-name} returns the file name | |
1331 as the string @code{"/gp/gnu/elisp/manual.texi"}. | |
1332 @end defun | |
1333 | |
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1334 @defvar read-file-name-function |
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1335 If non-@code{nil}, this should be a function that accepts the same |
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1336 arguments as @code{read-file-name}. When @code{read-file-name} is |
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1337 called, it calls this function with the supplied arguments instead of |
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1338 doing its usual work. |
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1339 @end defvar |
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1340 |
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1341 @defvar read-file-name-completion-ignore-case |
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1342 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, @code{read-file-name} ignores case |
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1343 when performing completion. |
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1344 @end defvar |
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1345 |
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1346 @defun read-directory-name prompt &optional directory default existing initial |
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1347 This function is like @code{read-file-name} but allows only directory |
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1348 names as completion possibilities. |
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1349 |
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1350 If @var{default} is @code{nil} and @var{initial} is non-@code{nil}, |
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1351 @code{read-directory-name} constructs a substitute default by |
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1352 combining @var{directory} (or the current buffer's default directory |
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1353 if @var{directory} is @code{nil}) and @var{initial}. If both |
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1354 @var{default} and @var{initial} are @code{nil}, this function uses |
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1355 @var{directory} as substitute default, or the current buffer's default |
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1356 directory if @var{directory} is @code{nil}. |
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1357 @end defun |
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1358 |
6555 | 1359 @defopt insert-default-directory |
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1360 This variable is used by @code{read-file-name}, and thus, indirectly, |
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1361 by most commands reading file names. (This includes all commands that |
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1362 use the code letters @samp{f} or @samp{F} in their interactive form. |
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1363 @xref{Interactive Codes,, Code Characters for interactive}.) Its |
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1364 value controls whether @code{read-file-name} starts by placing the |
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1365 name of the default directory in the minibuffer, plus the initial file |
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1366 name if any. If the value of this variable is @code{nil}, then |
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1367 @code{read-file-name} does not place any initial input in the |
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1368 minibuffer (unless you specify initial input with the @var{initial} |
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1369 argument). In that case, the default directory is still used for |
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1370 completion of relative file names, but is not displayed. |
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1371 |
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1372 If this variable is @code{nil} and the initial minibuffer contents are |
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1373 empty, the user may have to explicitly fetch the next history element |
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1374 to access a default value. If the variable is non-@code{nil}, the |
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1375 initial minibuffer contents are always non-empty and the user can |
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1376 always request a default value by immediately typing @key{RET} in an |
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1377 unedited minibuffer. (See above.) |
6555 | 1378 |
1379 For example: | |
1380 | |
1381 @example | |
1382 @group | |
1383 ;; @r{Here the minibuffer starts out with the default directory.} | |
1384 (let ((insert-default-directory t)) | |
1385 (read-file-name "The file is ")) | |
1386 @end group | |
1387 | |
1388 @group | |
1389 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
1390 The file is ~lewis/manual/@point{} | |
1391 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
1392 @end group | |
1393 | |
1394 @group | |
1395 ;; @r{Here the minibuffer is empty and only the prompt} | |
1396 ;; @r{appears on its line.} | |
1397 (let ((insert-default-directory nil)) | |
1398 (read-file-name "The file is ")) | |
1399 @end group | |
1400 | |
1401 @group | |
1402 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
1403 The file is @point{} | |
1404 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
1405 @end group | |
1406 @end example | |
1407 @end defopt | |
1408 | |
1409 @node Programmed Completion | |
1410 @subsection Programmed Completion | |
1411 @cindex programmed completion | |
1412 | |
1413 Sometimes it is not possible to create an alist or an obarray | |
1414 containing all the intended possible completions. In such a case, you | |
1415 can supply your own function to compute the completion of a given string. | |
1416 This is called @dfn{programmed completion}. | |
1417 | |
1418 To use this feature, pass a symbol with a function definition as the | |
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1419 @var{collection} argument to @code{completing-read}. The function |
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1420 @code{completing-read} arranges to pass your completion function along |
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1421 to @code{try-completion} and @code{all-completions}, which will then let |
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1422 your function do all the work. |
6555 | 1423 |
1424 The completion function should accept three arguments: | |
1425 | |
1426 @itemize @bullet | |
1427 @item | |
1428 The string to be completed. | |
1429 | |
1430 @item | |
1431 The predicate function to filter possible matches, or @code{nil} if | |
1432 none. Your function should call the predicate for each possible match, | |
1433 and ignore the possible match if the predicate returns @code{nil}. | |
1434 | |
1435 @item | |
1436 A flag specifying the type of operation. | |
1437 @end itemize | |
1438 | |
1439 There are three flag values for three operations: | |
1440 | |
1441 @itemize @bullet | |
1442 @item | |
1443 @code{nil} specifies @code{try-completion}. The completion function | |
1444 should return the completion of the specified string, or @code{t} if the | |
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1445 string is a unique and exact match already, or @code{nil} if the string |
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1446 matches no possibility. |
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|
1447 |
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1448 If the string is an exact match for one possibility, but also matches |
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1449 other longer possibilities, the function should return the string, not |
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1450 @code{t}. |
6555 | 1451 |
1452 @item | |
1453 @code{t} specifies @code{all-completions}. The completion function | |
1454 should return a list of all possible completions of the specified | |
1455 string. | |
1456 | |
1457 @item | |
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1458 @code{lambda} specifies @code{test-completion}. The completion |
6555 | 1459 function should return @code{t} if the specified string is an exact |
1460 match for some possibility; @code{nil} otherwise. | |
1461 @end itemize | |
1462 | |
1463 It would be consistent and clean for completion functions to allow | |
12098 | 1464 lambda expressions (lists that are functions) as well as function |
6555 | 1465 symbols as @var{collection}, but this is impossible. Lists as |
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|
1466 completion tables already have other meanings, and it would be |
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1467 unreliable to treat one differently just because it is also a possible |
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1468 function. So you must arrange for any function you wish to use for |
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1469 completion to be encapsulated in a symbol. |
6555 | 1470 |
1471 Emacs uses programmed completion when completing file names. | |
1472 @xref{File Name Completion}. | |
1473 | |
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1474 @defmac dynamic-completion-table function |
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1475 This macro is a convenient way to write a function that can act as |
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|
1476 programmed completion function. The argument @var{function} should be |
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1477 a function that takes one argument, a string, and returns an alist of |
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1478 possible completions of it. You can think of |
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1479 @code{dynamic-completion-table} as a transducer between that interface |
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1480 and the interface for programmed completion functions. |
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1481 @end defmac |
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1482 |
6555 | 1483 @node Yes-or-No Queries |
1484 @section Yes-or-No Queries | |
1485 @cindex asking the user questions | |
1486 @cindex querying the user | |
1487 @cindex yes-or-no questions | |
1488 | |
1489 This section describes functions used to ask the user a yes-or-no | |
1490 question. The function @code{y-or-n-p} can be answered with a single | |
1491 character; it is useful for questions where an inadvertent wrong answer | |
1492 will not have serious consequences. @code{yes-or-no-p} is suitable for | |
1493 more momentous questions, since it requires three or four characters to | |
1494 answer. | |
1495 | |
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1496 If either of these functions is called in a command that was invoked |
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1497 using the mouse---more precisely, if @code{last-nonmenu-event} |
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1498 (@pxref{Command Loop Info}) is either @code{nil} or a list---then it |
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1499 uses a dialog box or pop-up menu to ask the question. Otherwise, it |
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1500 uses keyboard input. You can force use of the mouse or use of keyboard |
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1501 input by binding @code{last-nonmenu-event} to a suitable value around |
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1502 the call. |
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1503 |
6555 | 1504 Strictly speaking, @code{yes-or-no-p} uses the minibuffer and |
1505 @code{y-or-n-p} does not; but it seems best to describe them together. | |
1506 | |
1507 @defun y-or-n-p prompt | |
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1508 This function asks the user a question, expecting input in the echo |
6555 | 1509 area. It returns @code{t} if the user types @kbd{y}, @code{nil} if the |
1510 user types @kbd{n}. This function also accepts @key{SPC} to mean yes | |
1511 and @key{DEL} to mean no. It accepts @kbd{C-]} to mean ``quit'', like | |
1512 @kbd{C-g}, because the question might look like a minibuffer and for | |
1513 that reason the user might try to use @kbd{C-]} to get out. The answer | |
1514 is a single character, with no @key{RET} needed to terminate it. Upper | |
1515 and lower case are equivalent. | |
1516 | |
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1517 ``Asking the question'' means printing @var{prompt} in the echo area, |
6555 | 1518 followed by the string @w{@samp{(y or n) }}. If the input is not one of |
1519 the expected answers (@kbd{y}, @kbd{n}, @kbd{@key{SPC}}, | |
1520 @kbd{@key{DEL}}, or something that quits), the function responds | |
1521 @samp{Please answer y or n.}, and repeats the request. | |
1522 | |
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1523 This function does not actually use the minibuffer, since it does not |
6555 | 1524 allow editing of the answer. It actually uses the echo area (@pxref{The |
1525 Echo Area}), which uses the same screen space as the minibuffer. The | |
1526 cursor moves to the echo area while the question is being asked. | |
1527 | |
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1528 The answers and their meanings, even @samp{y} and @samp{n}, are not |
6555 | 1529 hardwired. The keymap @code{query-replace-map} specifies them. |
1530 @xref{Search and Replace}. | |
1531 | |
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1532 In the following example, the user first types @kbd{q}, which is |
6555 | 1533 invalid. At the next prompt the user types @kbd{y}. |
1534 | |
1535 @smallexample | |
1536 @group | |
1537 (y-or-n-p "Do you need a lift? ") | |
1538 | |
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1539 ;; @r{After evaluation of the preceding expression,} |
6555 | 1540 ;; @r{the following prompt appears in the echo area:} |
1541 @end group | |
1542 | |
1543 @group | |
1544 ---------- Echo area ---------- | |
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|
1545 Do you need a lift? (y or n) |
6555 | 1546 ---------- Echo area ---------- |
1547 @end group | |
1548 | |
1549 ;; @r{If the user then types @kbd{q}, the following appears:} | |
1550 | |
1551 @group | |
1552 ---------- Echo area ---------- | |
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1553 Please answer y or n. Do you need a lift? (y or n) |
6555 | 1554 ---------- Echo area ---------- |
1555 @end group | |
1556 | |
1557 ;; @r{When the user types a valid answer,} | |
1558 ;; @r{it is displayed after the question:} | |
1559 | |
1560 @group | |
1561 ---------- Echo area ---------- | |
1562 Do you need a lift? (y or n) y | |
1563 ---------- Echo area ---------- | |
1564 @end group | |
1565 @end smallexample | |
1566 | |
1567 @noindent | |
1568 We show successive lines of echo area messages, but only one actually | |
1569 appears on the screen at a time. | |
1570 @end defun | |
1571 | |
15768
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1572 @defun y-or-n-p-with-timeout prompt seconds default-value |
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1573 Like @code{y-or-n-p}, except that if the user fails to answer within |
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|
1574 @var{seconds} seconds, this function stops waiting and returns |
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|
1575 @var{default-value}. It works by setting up a timer; see @ref{Timers}. |
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|
1576 The argument @var{seconds} may be an integer or a floating point number. |
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1577 @end defun |
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|
1578 |
6555 | 1579 @defun yes-or-no-p prompt |
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|
1580 This function asks the user a question, expecting input in the |
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1581 minibuffer. It returns @code{t} if the user enters @samp{yes}, |
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1582 @code{nil} if the user types @samp{no}. The user must type @key{RET} to |
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1583 finalize the response. Upper and lower case are equivalent. |
6555 | 1584 |
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1585 @code{yes-or-no-p} starts by displaying @var{prompt} in the echo area, |
6555 | 1586 followed by @w{@samp{(yes or no) }}. The user must type one of the |
1587 expected responses; otherwise, the function responds @samp{Please answer | |
1588 yes or no.}, waits about two seconds and repeats the request. | |
1589 | |
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1590 @code{yes-or-no-p} requires more work from the user than |
6555 | 1591 @code{y-or-n-p} and is appropriate for more crucial decisions. |
1592 | |
1593 Here is an example: | |
1594 | |
1595 @smallexample | |
1596 @group | |
1597 (yes-or-no-p "Do you really want to remove everything? ") | |
1598 | |
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1599 ;; @r{After evaluation of the preceding expression,} |
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1600 ;; @r{the following prompt appears,} |
6555 | 1601 ;; @r{with an empty minibuffer:} |
1602 @end group | |
1603 | |
1604 @group | |
1605 ---------- Buffer: minibuffer ---------- | |
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1606 Do you really want to remove everything? (yes or no) |
6555 | 1607 ---------- Buffer: minibuffer ---------- |
1608 @end group | |
1609 @end smallexample | |
1610 | |
1611 @noindent | |
1612 If the user first types @kbd{y @key{RET}}, which is invalid because this | |
1613 function demands the entire word @samp{yes}, it responds by displaying | |
1614 these prompts, with a brief pause between them: | |
1615 | |
1616 @smallexample | |
1617 @group | |
1618 ---------- Buffer: minibuffer ---------- | |
1619 Please answer yes or no. | |
1620 Do you really want to remove everything? (yes or no) | |
1621 ---------- Buffer: minibuffer ---------- | |
1622 @end group | |
1623 @end smallexample | |
1624 @end defun | |
1625 | |
1626 @node Multiple Queries | |
1627 @section Asking Multiple Y-or-N Questions | |
1628 | |
7221
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1629 When you have a series of similar questions to ask, such as ``Do you |
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1630 want to save this buffer'' for each buffer in turn, you should use |
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1631 @code{map-y-or-n-p} to ask the collection of questions, rather than |
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1632 asking each question individually. This gives the user certain |
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|
1633 convenient facilities such as the ability to answer the whole series at |
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|
1634 once. |
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|
1635 |
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1636 @defun map-y-or-n-p prompter actor list &optional help action-alist no-cursor-in-echo-area |
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1637 This function asks the user a series of questions, reading a |
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|
1638 single-character answer in the echo area for each one. |
6555 | 1639 |
1640 The value of @var{list} specifies the objects to ask questions about. | |
1641 It should be either a list of objects or a generator function. If it is | |
1642 a function, it should expect no arguments, and should return either the | |
1643 next object to ask about, or @code{nil} meaning stop asking questions. | |
1644 | |
1645 The argument @var{prompter} specifies how to ask each question. If | |
1646 @var{prompter} is a string, the question text is computed like this: | |
1647 | |
1648 @example | |
1649 (format @var{prompter} @var{object}) | |
1650 @end example | |
1651 | |
1652 @noindent | |
1653 where @var{object} is the next object to ask about (as obtained from | |
1654 @var{list}). | |
1655 | |
1656 If not a string, @var{prompter} should be a function of one argument | |
12226 | 1657 (the next object to ask about) and should return the question text. If |
1658 the value is a string, that is the question to ask the user. The | |
1659 function can also return @code{t} meaning do act on this object (and | |
1660 don't ask the user), or @code{nil} meaning ignore this object (and don't | |
1661 ask the user). | |
6555 | 1662 |
1663 The argument @var{actor} says how to act on the answers that the user | |
1664 gives. It should be a function of one argument, and it is called with | |
1665 each object that the user says yes for. Its argument is always an | |
1666 object obtained from @var{list}. | |
1667 | |
1668 If the argument @var{help} is given, it should be a list of this form: | |
1669 | |
1670 @example | |
1671 (@var{singular} @var{plural} @var{action}) | |
1672 @end example | |
1673 | |
1674 @noindent | |
1675 where @var{singular} is a string containing a singular noun that | |
1676 describes the objects conceptually being acted on, @var{plural} is the | |
1677 corresponding plural noun, and @var{action} is a transitive verb | |
1678 describing what @var{actor} does. | |
1679 | |
1680 If you don't specify @var{help}, the default is @code{("object" | |
1681 "objects" "act on")}. | |
1682 | |
1683 Each time a question is asked, the user may enter @kbd{y}, @kbd{Y}, or | |
1684 @key{SPC} to act on that object; @kbd{n}, @kbd{N}, or @key{DEL} to skip | |
1685 that object; @kbd{!} to act on all following objects; @key{ESC} or | |
1686 @kbd{q} to exit (skip all following objects); @kbd{.} (period) to act on | |
1687 the current object and then exit; or @kbd{C-h} to get help. These are | |
1688 the same answers that @code{query-replace} accepts. The keymap | |
1689 @code{query-replace-map} defines their meaning for @code{map-y-or-n-p} | |
1690 as well as for @code{query-replace}; see @ref{Search and Replace}. | |
1691 | |
1692 You can use @var{action-alist} to specify additional possible answers | |
1693 and what they mean. It is an alist of elements of the form | |
1694 @code{(@var{char} @var{function} @var{help})}, each of which defines one | |
1695 additional answer. In this element, @var{char} is a character (the | |
1696 answer); @var{function} is a function of one argument (an object from | |
1697 @var{list}); @var{help} is a string. | |
1698 | |
1699 When the user responds with @var{char}, @code{map-y-or-n-p} calls | |
1700 @var{function}. If it returns non-@code{nil}, the object is considered | |
1701 ``acted upon'', and @code{map-y-or-n-p} advances to the next object in | |
1702 @var{list}. If it returns @code{nil}, the prompt is repeated for the | |
1703 same object. | |
1704 | |
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1705 Normally, @code{map-y-or-n-p} binds @code{cursor-in-echo-area} while |
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|
1706 prompting. But if @var{no-cursor-in-echo-area} is non-@code{nil}, it |
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|
1707 does not do that. |
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|
1708 |
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1709 If @code{map-y-or-n-p} is called in a command that was invoked using the |
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1710 mouse---more precisely, if @code{last-nonmenu-event} (@pxref{Command |
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1711 Loop Info}) is either @code{nil} or a list---then it uses a dialog box |
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1712 or pop-up menu to ask the question. In this case, it does not use |
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1713 keyboard input or the echo area. You can force use of the mouse or use |
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1714 of keyboard input by binding @code{last-nonmenu-event} to a suitable |
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|
1715 value around the call. |
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|
1716 |
6555 | 1717 The return value of @code{map-y-or-n-p} is the number of objects acted on. |
1718 @end defun | |
1719 | |
23147 | 1720 @node Reading a Password |
1721 @section Reading a Password | |
1722 @cindex passwords, reading | |
1723 | |
1724 To read a password to pass to another program, you can use the | |
1725 function @code{read-passwd}. | |
1726 | |
1727 @defun read-passwd prompt &optional confirm default | |
1728 This function reads a password, prompting with @var{prompt}. It does | |
1729 not echo the password as the user types it; instead, it echoes @samp{.} | |
1730 for each character in the password. | |
1731 | |
1732 The optional argument @var{confirm}, if non-@code{nil}, says to read the | |
1733 password twice and insist it must be the same both times. If it isn't | |
1734 the same, the user has to type it over and over until the last two | |
1735 times match. | |
1736 | |
1737 The optional argument @var{default} specifies the default password to | |
1738 return if the user enters empty input. If @var{default} is @code{nil}, | |
1739 then @code{read-passwd} returns the null string in that case. | |
1740 @end defun | |
1741 | |
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|
1742 @node Minibuffer Commands |
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|
1743 @section Minibuffer Commands |
6555 | 1744 |
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|
1745 This section describes some commands meant for use in the |
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|
1746 minibuffer. |
6555 | 1747 |
1748 @deffn Command exit-minibuffer | |
1749 This command exits the active minibuffer. It is normally bound to | |
1750 keys in minibuffer local keymaps. | |
1751 @end deffn | |
1752 | |
1753 @deffn Command self-insert-and-exit | |
1754 This command exits the active minibuffer after inserting the last | |
1755 character typed on the keyboard (found in @code{last-command-char}; | |
1756 @pxref{Command Loop Info}). | |
1757 @end deffn | |
1758 | |
1759 @deffn Command previous-history-element n | |
1760 This command replaces the minibuffer contents with the value of the | |
1761 @var{n}th previous (older) history element. | |
1762 @end deffn | |
1763 | |
1764 @deffn Command next-history-element n | |
1765 This command replaces the minibuffer contents with the value of the | |
1766 @var{n}th more recent history element. | |
1767 @end deffn | |
1768 | |
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1769 @deffn Command previous-matching-history-element pattern n |
6555 | 1770 This command replaces the minibuffer contents with the value of the |
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|
1771 @var{n}th previous (older) history element that matches @var{pattern} (a |
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|
1772 regular expression). |
6555 | 1773 @end deffn |
1774 | |
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1775 @deffn Command next-matching-history-element pattern n |
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|
1776 This command replaces the minibuffer contents with the value of the |
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|
1777 @var{n}th next (newer) history element that matches @var{pattern} (a |
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|
1778 regular expression). |
6555 | 1779 @end deffn |
1780 | |
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|
1781 @node Minibuffer Windows |
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|
1782 @section Minibuffer Windows |
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1783 |
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|
1784 These functions access and select minibuffer windows |
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|
1785 and test whether they are active. |
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1786 |
12067 | 1787 @defun active-minibuffer-window |
1788 This function returns the currently active minibuffer window, or | |
1789 @code{nil} if none is currently active. | |
1790 @end defun | |
1791 | |
6555 | 1792 @defun minibuffer-window &optional frame |
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|
1793 @anchor{Definition of minibuffer-window} |
12067 | 1794 This function returns the minibuffer window used for frame @var{frame}. |
1795 If @var{frame} is @code{nil}, that stands for the current frame. Note | |
1796 that the minibuffer window used by a frame need not be part of that | |
1797 frame---a frame that has no minibuffer of its own necessarily uses some | |
1798 other frame's minibuffer window. | |
6555 | 1799 @end defun |
1800 | |
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|
1801 @defun set-minibuffer-window window |
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|
1802 This function specifies @var{window} as the minibuffer window to use. |
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|
1803 This affects where the minibuffer is displayed if you put text in it |
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|
1804 without invoking the usual minibuffer commands. It has no effect on |
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|
1805 the usual minibuffer input functions because they all start by |
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|
1806 choosing the minibuffer window according to the current frame. |
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|
1807 @end defun |
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1808 |
6555 | 1809 @c Emacs 19 feature |
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1810 @defun window-minibuffer-p &optional window |
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1811 This function returns non-@code{nil} if @var{window} is a minibuffer |
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1812 window. |
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1813 @var{window} defaults to the selected window. |
6555 | 1814 @end defun |
1815 | |
1816 It is not correct to determine whether a given window is a minibuffer by | |
1817 comparing it with the result of @code{(minibuffer-window)}, because | |
1818 there can be more than one minibuffer window if there is more than one | |
1819 frame. | |
1820 | |
1821 @defun minibuffer-window-active-p window | |
1822 This function returns non-@code{nil} if @var{window}, assumed to be | |
1823 a minibuffer window, is currently active. | |
1824 @end defun | |
1825 | |
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1826 @node Minibuffer Contents |
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1827 @section Minibuffer Contents |
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1828 |
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1829 These functions access the minibuffer prompt and contents. |
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1830 |
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1831 @defun minibuffer-prompt |
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1832 This function returns the prompt string of the currently active |
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1833 minibuffer. If no minibuffer is active, it returns @code{nil}. |
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1834 @end defun |
6555 | 1835 |
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1836 @defun minibuffer-prompt-end |
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1837 @tindex minibuffer-prompt-end |
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1838 This function returns the current |
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1839 position of the end of the minibuffer prompt, if a minibuffer is |
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1840 current. Otherwise, it returns the minimum valid buffer position. |
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1841 @end defun |
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1842 |
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1843 @defun minibuffer-prompt-width |
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1844 This function returns the current display-width of the minibuffer |
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1845 prompt, if a minibuffer is current. Otherwise, it returns zero. |
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1846 @end defun |
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1847 |
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1848 @defun minibuffer-contents |
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1849 @tindex minibuffer-contents |
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1850 This function returns the editable |
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1851 contents of the minibuffer (that is, everything except the prompt) as |
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1852 a string, if a minibuffer is current. Otherwise, it returns the |
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1853 entire contents of the current buffer. |
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1854 @end defun |
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1855 |
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1856 @defun minibuffer-contents-no-properties |
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1857 @tindex minibuffer-contents-no-properties |
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1858 This is like @code{minibuffer-contents}, except that it does not copy text |
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1859 properties, just the characters themselves. @xref{Text Properties}. |
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1860 @end defun |
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1861 |
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1862 @defun minibuffer-completion-contents |
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1863 @tindex minibuffer-completion-contents |
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1864 This is like @code{minibuffer-contents}, except that it returns only |
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1865 the contents before point. That is the part that completion commands |
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1866 operate on. @xref{Minibuffer Completion}. |
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1867 @end defun |
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1868 |
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1869 @defun delete-minibuffer-contents |
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1870 @tindex delete-minibuffer-contents |
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1871 This function erases the editable contents of the minibuffer (that is, |
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1872 everything except the prompt), if a minibuffer is current. Otherwise, |
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1873 it erases the entire current buffer. |
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1874 @end defun |
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1875 |
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1876 @node Recursive Mini |
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1877 @section Recursive Minibuffers |
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1878 |
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1879 These functions and variables deal with recursive minibuffers |
6555 | 1880 (@pxref{Recursive Editing}): |
1881 | |
1882 @defun minibuffer-depth | |
1883 This function returns the current depth of activations of the | |
1884 minibuffer, a nonnegative integer. If no minibuffers are active, it | |
1885 returns zero. | |
1886 @end defun | |
1887 | |
1888 @defopt enable-recursive-minibuffers | |
1889 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, you can invoke commands (such as | |
21682
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1890 @code{find-file}) that use minibuffers even while the minibuffer window |
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1891 is active. Such invocation produces a recursive editing level for a new |
6555 | 1892 minibuffer. The outer-level minibuffer is invisible while you are |
1893 editing the inner one. | |
1894 | |
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1895 If this variable is @code{nil}, you cannot invoke minibuffer |
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1896 commands when the minibuffer window is active, not even if you switch to |
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1897 another window to do it. |
6555 | 1898 @end defopt |
1899 | |
1900 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
1901 If a command name has a property @code{enable-recursive-minibuffers} | |
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1902 that is non-@code{nil}, then the command can use the minibuffer to read |
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1903 arguments even if it is invoked from the minibuffer. A command can |
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1904 also achieve this by binding @code{enable-recursive-minibuffers} |
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1905 to @code{t} in the interactive declaration (@pxref{Using Interactive}). |
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1906 The minibuffer command @code{next-matching-history-element} (normally |
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1907 @kbd{M-s} in the minibuffer) does the latter. |
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1908 |
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1909 @node Minibuffer Misc |
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1910 @section Minibuffer Miscellany |
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1911 |
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1912 @defun minibufferp &optional buffer-or-name |
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1913 This function returns non-@code{nil} if @var{buffer-or-name} is a |
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1914 minibuffer. If @var{buffer-or-name} is omitted, it tests the current |
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1915 buffer. |
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1916 @end defun |
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1917 |
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1918 @defvar minibuffer-setup-hook |
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1919 This is a normal hook that is run whenever the minibuffer is entered. |
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1920 @xref{Hooks}. |
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1921 @end defvar |
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1922 |
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1923 @defvar minibuffer-exit-hook |
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1924 This is a normal hook that is run whenever the minibuffer is exited. |
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1925 @xref{Hooks}. |
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1926 @end defvar |
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1927 |
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1928 @defvar minibuffer-help-form |
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1929 @anchor{Definition of minibuffer-help-form} |
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1930 The current value of this variable is used to rebind @code{help-form} |
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1931 locally inside the minibuffer (@pxref{Help Functions}). |
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1932 @end defvar |
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1933 |
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1934 @defvar minibuffer-scroll-window |
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1935 @anchor{Definition of minibuffer-scroll-window} |
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1936 If the value of this variable is non-@code{nil}, it should be a window |
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1937 object. When the function @code{scroll-other-window} is called in the |
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1938 minibuffer, it scrolls this window. |
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1939 @end defvar |
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1940 |
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1941 @defun minibuffer-selected-window |
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1942 This function returns the window which was selected when the |
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1943 minibuffer was entered. If selected window is not a minibuffer |
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1944 window, it returns @code{nil}. |
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1945 @end defun |
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1946 |
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1947 @defopt max-mini-window-height |
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1948 This variable specifies the maximum height for resizing minibuffer |
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1949 windows. If a float, it specifies a fraction of the height of the |
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1950 frame. If an integer, it specifies a number of lines. |
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1951 @end defopt |
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(Minibuffer Misc): Node split up.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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1952 |
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(Text from Minibuffer): Various corrections and clarifications.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
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1953 @defun minibuffer-message string |
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(Minibuffer Misc): Document fn minibuffer-message.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1954 This function displays @var{string} temporarily at the end of the |
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(Text from Minibuffer): Various corrections and clarifications.
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parents:
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1955 minibuffer text, for two seconds, or until the next input event |
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Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
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changeset
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1956 arrives, whichever comes first. |
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(Minibuffer Misc): Document fn minibuffer-message.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
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changeset
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1957 @end defun |
52401 | 1958 |
1959 @ignore | |
1960 arch-tag: bba7f945-9078-477f-a2ce-18818a6e1218 | |
1961 @end ignore |