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annotate etc/emacs.1 @ 79828:153dde7a0ed3
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author | Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> |
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date | Sat, 12 Jan 2008 14:04:05 +0000 |
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2 .\" Copyright (C) 1995, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, |
79771 | 3 .\" 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
36223 | 4 .\" |
5 .\" This file is part of GNU Emacs. | |
6 .\" | |
7 .\" GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify | |
8 .\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by | |
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9 .\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) |
36223 | 10 .\" any later version. |
11 .\" | |
12 .\" GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
13 .\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
14 .\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
15 .\" GNU General Public License for more details. | |
16 .\" | |
17 .\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | |
18 .\" along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the | |
64083 | 19 .\" Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, |
20 .\" Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. | |
36223 | 21 .\" |
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22 '\" t |
79771 | 23 .TH EMACS 1 "2007 April 13" "GNU Emacs 22.2" |
78123 | 24 . |
25 . | |
25852 | 26 .SH NAME |
27 emacs \- GNU project Emacs | |
78123 | 28 . |
29 . | |
25852 | 30 .SH SYNOPSIS |
31 .B emacs | |
32 [ | |
33 .I command-line switches | |
34 ] [ | |
78123 | 35 .I files ...\& |
25852 | 36 ] |
78123 | 37 . |
38 . | |
25852 | 39 .SH DESCRIPTION |
40 .I GNU Emacs | |
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41 is a version of |
78123 | 42 .IR Emacs , |
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43 written by the author of the original (PDP-10) |
78123 | 44 .IR Emacs , |
25852 | 45 Richard Stallman. |
46 .br | |
47 The primary documentation of GNU Emacs is in the GNU Emacs Manual, | |
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48 which you can read using Info, either from Emacs or as a standalone |
78123 | 49 program. |
50 Please look there for complete and up-to-date documentation. | |
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51 This man page is updated only when someone volunteers to do so; the |
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52 Emacs maintainers' priority goal is to minimize the amount of time |
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53 this man page takes away from other more useful projects. |
25852 | 54 .br |
55 The user functionality of GNU Emacs encompasses | |
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56 everything other |
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57 .I Emacs |
25852 | 58 editors do, and it is easily extensible since its |
59 editing commands are written in Lisp. | |
60 .PP | |
61 .I Emacs | |
62 has an extensive interactive help facility, | |
63 but the facility assumes that you know how to manipulate | |
64 .I Emacs | |
65 windows and buffers. | |
78123 | 66 CTRL-h or F1 enters the Help facility. |
67 Help Tutorial (CTRL-h t) starts an interactive tutorial which can | |
68 teach beginners the fundamentals of | |
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69 .I Emacs |
25852 | 70 in a few minutes. |
71 Help Apropos (CTRL-h a) helps you | |
72 find a command given its functionality, Help Character (CTRL-h c) | |
73 describes a given character's effect, and Help Function (CTRL-h f) | |
74 describes a given Lisp function specified by name. | |
75 .PP | |
78123 | 76 .IR Emacs 's |
25852 | 77 Undo can undo several steps of modification to your buffers, so it is |
78 easy to recover from editing mistakes. | |
79 .PP | |
78123 | 80 .IR "GNU Emacs" 's |
25852 | 81 many special packages handle mail reading (RMail) and sending (Mail), |
82 outline editing (Outline), compiling (Compile), running subshells | |
83 within | |
84 .I Emacs | |
85 windows (Shell), running a Lisp read-eval-print loop | |
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86 (Lisp-Interaction-Mode), automated psychotherapy (Doctor), and much more. |
25852 | 87 .PP |
88 There is an extensive reference manual, but | |
89 users of other Emacses | |
90 should have little trouble adapting even | |
78123 | 91 without a copy. |
92 Users new to | |
25852 | 93 .I Emacs |
94 will be able | |
95 to use basic features fairly rapidly by studying the tutorial and | |
96 using the self-documentation features. | |
78123 | 97 . |
98 .SS Emacs Options | |
25852 | 99 The following options are of general interest: |
78123 | 100 .RS |
25852 | 101 .TP 8 |
102 .I file | |
103 Edit | |
78123 | 104 .IR file . |
25852 | 105 .TP |
78123 | 106 .BI \-\-file " file\fR,\fP " \-\-find-file " file\fR,\fP " \-\-visit " file" |
107 The same as specifying | |
108 .I file | |
109 directly as an argument. | |
110 .TP | |
111 .BI + number | |
25852 | 112 Go to the line specified by |
113 .I number | |
114 (do not insert a space between the "+" sign and | |
78123 | 115 the number). |
116 This applies only to the next file specified. | |
25852 | 117 .TP |
78123 | 118 .BI + line:column |
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119 Go to the specified |
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120 .I line |
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121 and |
78123 | 122 .IR column . |
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123 .TP |
78123 | 124 .BR \-q ", " \-\-no\-init\-file |
25852 | 125 Do not load an init file. |
126 .TP | |
78123 | 127 .B \-\-no\-site\-file |
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128 Do not load the site-wide startup file. |
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129 .TP |
78123 | 130 .B \-\-no\-desktop |
131 Do not load a saved desktop. | |
132 .TP | |
133 .BR \-nl ", " \-\-no\-shared\-memory | |
134 Do not use shared memory. | |
135 .TP | |
136 .BR \-Q ", " \-\-quick | |
137 Equivalent to "\-q \-\-no\-site\-file \-\-no\-splash". | |
138 .TP | |
139 .B \-\-no\-splash | |
140 Do not display a splash screen during start-up. | |
141 .TP | |
142 .B \-\-debug\-init | |
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143 Enable |
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144 .I Emacs |
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145 Lisp debugger during the processing of the user init file |
78123 | 146 .BR ~/.emacs . |
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147 This is useful for debugging problems in the init file. |
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148 .TP |
78123 | 149 .BI \-u " user\fR,\fP " \-\-user " user" |
25852 | 150 Load |
78123 | 151 .IR user 's |
25852 | 152 init file. |
153 .TP | |
78123 | 154 .BI \-t " file\fR,\fP " \-\-terminal " file" |
25852 | 155 Use specified |
156 .I file | |
157 as the terminal instead of using stdin/stdout. | |
158 This must be the first argument specified in the command line. | |
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159 .TP |
78123 | 160 .BR \-\-multibyte ", " \-\-no-unibyte |
161 Enable multibyte mode (enabled by default). | |
162 .TP | |
163 .BR \-\-unibyte ", " \-\-no-multibyte | |
164 Enable unibyte mode. | |
165 .TP | |
166 .B \-\-version | |
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167 Display |
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168 .I Emacs |
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169 version information and exit. |
78123 | 170 .TP |
171 .B \-\-help | |
172 Display this help and exit. | |
173 .RE | |
25852 | 174 .PP |
175 The following options are lisp-oriented | |
176 (these options are processed in the order encountered): | |
78123 | 177 .RS |
25852 | 178 .TP 8 |
78123 | 179 .BI \-f " function\fR,\fP " \-\-funcall " function" |
25852 | 180 Execute the lisp function |
78123 | 181 .IR function . |
25852 | 182 .TP |
78123 | 183 .BI \-l " file\fR,\fP " \-\-load " file" |
25852 | 184 Load the lisp code in the file |
78123 | 185 .IR file . |
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186 .TP |
78123 | 187 .BI \-\-eval " expr\fR,\fP " \-\-execute " expr" |
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188 Evaluate the Lisp expression |
78123 | 189 .IR expr . |
190 .RE | |
25852 | 191 .PP |
192 The following options are useful when running | |
193 .I Emacs | |
194 as a batch editor: | |
78123 | 195 .RS |
25852 | 196 .TP 8 |
78123 | 197 .B \-\-batch |
198 Edit in batch mode. | |
199 The editor will send messages to stderr. | |
200 This option must be the first in the argument list. | |
201 You must use \-l and \-f options to specify files to execute | |
202 and functions to call. | |
25852 | 203 .TP |
78123 | 204 .BI \-\-script " file" |
205 Run | |
206 .I file | |
207 as an Emacs Lisp script. | |
208 .TP | |
209 .BI \-\-insert " file" | |
210 Insert contents of | |
211 .I file | |
212 into the current buffer. | |
213 .TP | |
214 .B \-\-kill | |
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215 Exit |
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216 .I Emacs |
25852 | 217 while in batch mode. |
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218 .TP |
78123 | 219 .BI \-L " dir\fR,\fP " \-\-directory " dir" |
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220 Add |
78123 | 221 .I dir |
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222 to the list of directories |
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223 .I Emacs |
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224 searches for Lisp files. |
78123 | 225 .RE |
226 . | |
25852 | 227 .\" START DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X |
78123 | 228 .SS Using Emacs with X |
25852 | 229 .I Emacs |
230 has been tailored to work well with the X window system. | |
231 If you run | |
232 .I Emacs | |
233 from under X windows, it will create its own X window to | |
78123 | 234 display in. |
235 You will probably want to start the editor as a background | |
236 process so that you can continue using your original window. | |
25852 | 237 .PP |
238 .I Emacs | |
239 can be started with the following X switches: | |
78123 | 240 .RS |
25852 | 241 .TP 8 |
78123 | 242 .BI \-\-name " name" |
243 Specify the name which should be assigned to the initial | |
25852 | 244 .I Emacs |
78123 | 245 window. |
246 This controls looking up X resources as well as the window title. | |
247 .TP | |
248 .BI \-T " name\fR,\fP " \-\-title " name" | |
249 Specify the title for the initial X window. | |
250 .TP | |
251 .BR \-r ", " \-rv ", " \-\-reverse\-video | |
25852 | 252 Display the |
253 .I Emacs | |
254 window in reverse video. | |
255 .TP | |
78123 | 256 .BI \-fn " font\fR,\fP " \-\-font " font" |
25852 | 257 Set the |
258 .I Emacs | |
259 window's font to that specified by | |
78123 | 260 .IR font . |
25852 | 261 You will find the various |
262 .I X | |
263 fonts in the | |
264 .I /usr/lib/X11/fonts | |
265 directory. | |
266 Note that | |
267 .I Emacs | |
268 will only accept fixed width fonts. | |
269 Under the X11 Release 4 font-naming conventions, any font with the | |
270 value "m" or "c" in the eleventh field of the font name is a fixed | |
78123 | 271 width font. |
272 Furthermore, fonts whose name are of the form | |
25852 | 273 .IR width x height |
274 are generally fixed width, as is the font | |
275 .IR fixed . | |
276 See | |
78123 | 277 .BR xlsfonts (1) |
25852 | 278 for more information. |
279 | |
280 When you specify a font, be sure to put a space between the | |
281 switch and the font name. | |
282 .TP | |
78123 | 283 .BI \-\-xrm " resources" |
284 Set additional X resources. | |
285 .TP | |
286 .BI "\-\-color\fR,\fP \-\-color=" mode | |
287 Override color mode for character terminals; | |
288 .I mode | |
289 defaults to `auto', and can also be `never', `auto', `always', | |
290 or a mode name like `ansi8'. | |
291 .TP | |
292 .BI \-bw " pixels\fR,\fP " \-\-border\-width " pixels" | |
25852 | 293 Set the |
294 .I Emacs | |
295 window's border width to the number of pixels specified by | |
78123 | 296 .IR pixels . |
25852 | 297 Defaults to one pixel on each side of the window. |
298 .TP | |
78123 | 299 .BI \-ib " pixels\fR,\fP " \-\-internal\-border " pixels" |
25852 | 300 Set the window's internal border width to the number of pixels specified |
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301 by |
78123 | 302 .IR pixels . |
25852 | 303 Defaults to one pixel of padding on each side of the window. |
78123 | 304 .TP |
305 .BI \-g " geometry\fR,\fP " \-\-geometry " geometry" | |
25852 | 306 Set the |
307 .I Emacs | |
78123 | 308 window's width, height, and position as specified. |
309 The geometry specification is in the standard X format; see | |
310 .BR X (7) | |
25852 | 311 for more information. |
78123 | 312 The width and height are specified in characters; the default is |
313 80 by 24. | |
314 See the Emacs manual, section "Options for Window Size and Position", | |
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315 for information on how window sizes interact |
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316 with selecting or deselecting the tool bar and menu bar. |
78123 | 317 .TP |
318 .BI \-lsp " pixels\fR,\fP " \-\-line\-spacing " pixels" | |
319 Additional space to put between lines. | |
320 .TP | |
321 .BR \-vb ", " \-\-vertical\-scroll\-bars | |
322 Enable vertical scrollbars. | |
323 .TP | |
324 .BR \-fh ", " \-\-fullheight | |
325 Make the first frame as high as the screen. | |
326 .TP | |
327 .BR \-fs ", " \-\-fullscreen | |
328 Make the first frame fullscreen. | |
329 .TP | |
330 .BR \-fw ", " \-\-fullwidth | |
331 Make the first frame as wide as the screen. | |
332 .TP | |
333 .BI \-fg " color\fR,\fP " \-\-foreground\-color " color" | |
334 On color displays, set the color of the text. | |
25852 | 335 |
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336 Use the command |
78123 | 337 .I M\-x list\-colors\-display |
338 for a list of valid color names. | |
25852 | 339 .TP |
78123 | 340 .BI \-bg " color\fR,\fP " \-\-background\-color " color" |
341 On color displays, set the color of the window's background. | |
25852 | 342 .TP |
78123 | 343 .BI \-bd " color\fR,\fP " \-\-border\-color " color" |
344 On color displays, set the color of the window's border. | |
25852 | 345 .TP |
78123 | 346 .BI \-cr " color\fR,\fP " \-\-cursor\-color " color" |
347 On color displays, set the color of the window's text cursor. | |
25852 | 348 .TP |
78123 | 349 .BI \-ms " color\fR,\fP " \-\-mouse\-color " color" |
350 On color displays, set the color of the window's mouse cursor. | |
25852 | 351 .TP |
78123 | 352 .BI \-d " displayname\fR,\fP " \-\-display " displayname" |
25852 | 353 Create the |
354 .I Emacs | |
355 window on the display specified by | |
356 .IR displayname . | |
357 Must be the first option specified in the command line. | |
358 .TP | |
78123 | 359 .BR \-nbi ", " \-\-no\-bitmap\-icon |
360 Do not use picture of gnu for Emacs icon. | |
361 .TP | |
362 .B \-\-iconic | |
363 Start | |
25852 | 364 .I Emacs |
78123 | 365 in iconified state. |
366 .TP | |
367 .BR \-nbc ", " \-\-no\-blinking\-cursor | |
368 Disable blinking cursor. | |
369 .TP | |
370 .BR \-nw ", " \-\-no\-window\-system | |
371 Tell | |
372 .I Emacs | |
373 not to use its special interface to X. | |
374 If you use this switch when invoking | |
25852 | 375 .I Emacs |
376 from an | |
78123 | 377 .BR xterm (1) |
25852 | 378 window, display is done in that window. |
78123 | 379 .TP |
380 .BR \-D ", " \-\-basic\-display | |
381 This option disables many display features; use it for | |
382 debugging Emacs. | |
383 .RE | |
25852 | 384 .PP |
385 You can set | |
386 .I X | |
387 default values for your | |
388 .I Emacs | |
389 windows in your | |
390 .I \.Xresources | |
391 file (see | |
78123 | 392 .BR xrdb (1)). |
25852 | 393 Use the following format: |
394 .IP | |
78123 | 395 .RI emacs. keyword : value |
25852 | 396 .PP |
397 where | |
398 .I value | |
399 specifies the default value of | |
78123 | 400 .IR keyword . |
25852 | 401 .I Emacs |
402 lets you set default values for the following keywords: | |
78123 | 403 .RS |
25852 | 404 .TP 8 |
78123 | 405 .BR background " (class " Background ) |
406 For color displays, | |
407 sets the window's background color. | |
408 .TP | |
409 .BR bitmapIcon " (class " BitmapIcon ) | |
410 If | |
411 .BR bitmapIcon 's | |
412 value is set to | |
413 .IR on , | |
414 the window will iconify into the "kitchen sink." | |
415 .TP | |
416 .BR borderColor " (class " BorderColor ) | |
417 For color displays, | |
418 sets the color of the window's border. | |
419 .TP | |
420 .BR borderWidth " (class " BorderWidth ) | |
421 Sets the window's border width in pixels. | |
422 .TP | |
423 .BR cursorColor " (class " Foreground ) | |
424 For color displays, | |
425 sets the color of the window's text cursor. | |
426 .TP | |
427 .BR cursorBlink " (class " CursorBlink ) | |
428 Specifies whether to make the cursor blink. | |
429 The default is | |
430 .IR on . | |
431 Use | |
432 .I off | |
433 or | |
434 .I false | |
435 to turn cursor blinking off. | |
436 .TP | |
437 .BR font " (class " Font ) | |
25852 | 438 Sets the window's text font. |
439 .TP | |
78123 | 440 .BR foreground " (class " Foreground ) |
25852 | 441 For color displays, |
442 sets the window's text color. | |
443 .TP | |
78123 | 444 .BR fullscreen " (class " Fullscreen ) |
445 The desired fullscreen size. | |
446 The value can be one of | |
447 .IR fullboth , | |
448 .IR fullwidth , | |
449 or | |
450 .IR fullheight , | |
451 which correspond to the command-line options `\-fs', `\-fw', and | |
452 `\-fh', respectively. | |
453 Note that this applies to the initial frame only. | |
25852 | 454 .TP |
78123 | 455 .BR geometry " (class " Geometry ) |
25852 | 456 Sets the geometry of the |
457 .I Emacs | |
458 window (as described above). | |
459 .TP | |
78123 | 460 .BR iconName " (class " Title ) |
461 Sets the icon name for the | |
462 .I Emacs | |
463 window icon. | |
464 .TP | |
465 .BR internalBorder " (class " BorderWidth ) | |
466 Sets the window's internal border width in pixels. | |
467 .TP | |
468 .BR lineSpacing " (class " LineSpacing ) | |
469 Additional space ("leading") between lines, in pixels. | |
470 .TP | |
471 .BR menuBar " (class " MenuBar ) | |
472 Gives frames menu bars if | |
473 .IR on ; | |
474 don't have menu bars if | |
475 .IR off . | |
476 See the Emacs manual, sections "Lucid Resources" and "LessTif | |
477 Resources", for how to control the appearance of the menu bar | |
478 if you have one. | |
479 .TP | |
480 .BR minibuffer " (class " Minibuffer ) | |
481 If | |
482 .IR none , | |
483 don't make a minibuffer in this frame. | |
484 It will use a separate minibuffer frame instead. | |
485 .TP | |
486 .BR paneFont " (class " Font ) | |
487 Font name for menu pane titles, in non-toolkit versions of | |
488 .IR Emacs . | |
489 .TP | |
490 .BR pointerColor " (class " Foreground ) | |
491 For color displays, | |
492 sets the color of the window's mouse cursor. | |
493 .TP | |
494 .BR privateColormap " (class " PrivateColormap ) | |
495 If | |
496 .IR on , | |
497 use a private color map, in the case where the "default | |
498 visual" of class | |
499 .B PseudoColor | |
500 and | |
501 .B Emacs | |
502 is using it. | |
503 .TP | |
504 .BR reverseVideo " (class " ReverseVideo ) | |
505 If | |
506 .BR reverseVideo 's | |
507 value is set to | |
508 .IR on , | |
509 the window will be displayed in reverse video. | |
510 .TP | |
511 .BR screenGamma " (class "ScreenGamma ) | |
512 Gamma correction for colors, equivalent to the frame parameter | |
513 `screen\-gamma'. | |
514 .TP | |
515 .BR scrollBarWidth " (class "ScrollBarWidth ) | |
516 The scroll bar width in pixels, equivalent to the frame parameter | |
517 `scroll\-bar\-width'. | |
518 .TP | |
519 .BR selectionFont " (class " SelectionFont ) | |
520 Font name for pop-up menu items, in non-toolkit versions of | |
521 .IR Emacs . | |
522 (For toolkit versions, see the Emacs manual, sections | |
523 "Lucid Resources" and "LessTif Resources".) | |
524 .TP | |
525 .BR selectionTimeout " (class " SelectionTimeout ) | |
526 Number of milliseconds to wait for a selection reply. | |
527 A value of 0 means wait as long as necessary. | |
528 .TP | |
529 .BR synchronous " (class " Synchronous ) | |
530 Run Emacs in synchronous mode if | |
531 .IR on . | |
532 Synchronous mode is useful for debugging X problems. | |
533 .TP | |
534 .BR title " (class " Title ) | |
25852 | 535 Sets the title of the |
536 .I Emacs | |
537 window. | |
538 .TP | |
78123 | 539 .BR toolBar " (class " ToolBar ) |
540 Number of lines to reserve for the tool bar. | |
541 .TP | |
542 .BR useXIM " (class " UseXIM ) | |
543 Turns off use of X input methods (XIM) if | |
544 .I false | |
545 or | |
546 .IR off . | |
547 .TP | |
548 .BR verticalScrollBars " (class " ScrollBars ) | |
549 Gives frames scroll bars if | |
550 .IR on ; | |
551 suppresses scroll bars if | |
552 .IR off . | |
553 .TP | |
554 .BR visualClass " (class " VisualClass ) | |
555 Specify the "visual" that X should use. | |
556 This tells X how to handle colors. | |
557 The value should start with one of | |
558 .IR TrueColor , | |
559 .IR PseudoColor , | |
560 .IR DirectColor , | |
561 .IR StaticColor , | |
562 .IR GrayScale , | |
563 and | |
564 .IR StaticGray , | |
565 followed by | |
566 .BI \- depth\fR,\fP | |
567 where | |
568 .I depth | |
569 is the number of color planes. | |
570 .RE | |
25852 | 571 .PP |
572 If you try to set color values while using a black and white display, | |
573 the window's characteristics will default as follows: | |
574 the foreground color will be set to black, | |
575 the background color will be set to white, | |
576 the border color will be set to grey, | |
577 and the text and mouse cursors will be set to black. | |
78123 | 578 . |
579 .SS Using the Mouse | |
25852 | 580 .PP |
78123 | 581 The following lists some of the mouse button bindings for the |
25852 | 582 .I Emacs |
583 window under X11. | |
78123 | 584 . |
585 .RS | |
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586 .TS |
78123 | 587 l l |
588 - - | |
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589 l l. |
25852 | 590 MOUSE BUTTON FUNCTION |
591 left Set point. | |
592 middle Paste text. | |
593 right Cut text into X cut buffer. | |
594 SHIFT-middle Cut text into X cut buffer. | |
595 SHIFT-right Paste text. | |
596 CTRL-middle Cut text into X cut buffer and kill it. | |
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597 CTRL-right T{ |
78123 | 598 Select this window, then split it into two windows. |
599 Same as typing CTRL\-x 2. | |
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600 T} |
25852 | 601 .\" START DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X MENUS |
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602 CTRL-SHIFT-left T{ |
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603 X buffer menu \(em hold the buttons and keys |
78123 | 604 down, wait for menu to appear, select buffer, and release. |
605 Move mouse out of menu and release to cancel. | |
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606 T} |
78123 | 607 CTRL-SHIFT-middle T{ |
608 X help menu \(em pop up index card menu for Emacs help. | |
609 T} | |
25852 | 610 .\" STOP DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X MENUS |
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611 CTRL-SHIFT-right T{ |
78123 | 612 Select window with mouse, and delete all other windows. |
613 Same as typing CTRL\-x 1. | |
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614 T} |
25852 | 615 .\" STOP DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X |
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616 .TE |
78123 | 617 .RE |
618 . | |
619 . | |
25852 | 620 .SH MANUALS |
621 You can order printed copies of the GNU Emacs Manual from the Free | |
78123 | 622 Software Foundation, which develops GNU software. |
623 See the file ORDERS for ordering information. | |
25852 | 624 .br |
78123 | 625 Your local Emacs maintainer might also have copies available. |
626 As with all software and publications from FSF, everyone is permitted | |
627 to make and distribute copies of the Emacs manual. | |
628 The TeX source to the manual is also included in the Emacs source | |
629 distribution. | |
630 . | |
631 . | |
25852 | 632 .SH FILES |
78123 | 633 /usr/local/share/info \(em files for the Info documentation browser. |
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634 The complete text of the Emacs reference manual is included in a |
78123 | 635 convenient tree structured form. |
636 Also includes the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual, useful to anyone | |
637 wishing to write programs in the Emacs Lisp extension language. | |
25852 | 638 |
78123 | 639 /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/lisp \(em Lisp source files and |
640 compiled files that define most editing commands. | |
641 Some are preloaded; others are autoloaded from this directory when | |
642 used. | |
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643 |
78123 | 644 /usr/local/libexec/emacs/$VERSION/$ARCH \(em various programs that are |
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645 used with GNU Emacs. |
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646 |
78123 | 647 /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc \(em various files of information. |
25852 | 648 |
78123 | 649 /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc/DOC.* \(em contains the documentation |
25852 | 650 strings for the Lisp primitives and preloaded Lisp functions |
78123 | 651 of GNU Emacs. |
652 They are stored here to reduce the size of Emacs proper. | |
25852 | 653 |
654 /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc/SERVICE lists people offering | |
655 various services to assist users of GNU Emacs, including education, | |
656 troubleshooting, porting and customization. | |
78123 | 657 . |
658 . | |
25852 | 659 .SH BUGS |
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660 There is a mailing list, bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org, for reporting Emacs |
78123 | 661 bugs and fixes. |
662 But before reporting something as a bug, please try to be sure that | |
663 it really is a bug, not a misunderstanding or a deliberate feature. | |
664 We ask you to read the section ``Reporting Emacs Bugs'' near the | |
665 end of the reference manual (or Info system) for hints on how and | |
666 when to report bugs. | |
667 Also, include the version number of the Emacs you are running in | |
668 \fIevery\fR bug report that you send in. | |
25852 | 669 |
78123 | 670 Do not expect a personal answer to a bug report. |
671 The purpose of reporting bugs is to get them fixed for everyone | |
672 in the next release, if possible. | |
25852 | 673 For personal assistance, look in the SERVICE file (see above) for |
674 a list of people who offer it. | |
675 | |
676 Please do not send anything but bug reports to this mailing list. | |
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677 For more information about Emacs mailing lists, see the |
78123 | 678 file /usr/local/emacs/etc/MAILINGLISTS. |
679 Bugs tend actually to be fixed if they can be isolated, so it is | |
680 in your interest to report them in such a way that they can be | |
681 easily reproduced. | |
682 . | |
683 . | |
25852 | 684 .SH UNRESTRICTIONS |
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685 .I Emacs |
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686 is free; anyone may redistribute copies of |
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687 .I Emacs |
25852 | 688 to |
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689 anyone under the terms stated in the |
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690 .I Emacs |
25852 | 691 General Public License, |
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692 a copy of which accompanies each copy of |
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693 .I Emacs |
25852 | 694 and which also |
695 appears in the reference manual. | |
696 .PP | |
697 Copies of | |
698 .I Emacs | |
699 may sometimes be received packaged with distributions of Unix systems, | |
700 but it is never included in the scope of any license covering those | |
78123 | 701 systems. |
702 Such inclusion violates the terms on which distribution is permitted. | |
703 In fact, the primary purpose of the General Public License is to | |
704 prohibit anyone from attaching any other restrictions to | |
705 redistribution of | |
706 .IR Emacs . | |
25852 | 707 .PP |
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708 Richard Stallman encourages you to improve and extend |
78123 | 709 .IR Emacs , |
25852 | 710 and urges that |
78123 | 711 you contribute your extensions to the GNU library. |
712 Eventually GNU (Gnu's Not Unix) will be a complete replacement | |
713 for Unix. | |
25852 | 714 Everyone will be free to use, copy, study and change the GNU system. |
78123 | 715 . |
716 . | |
25852 | 717 .SH SEE ALSO |
78123 | 718 .BR emacsclient (1), |
719 .BR etags (1), | |
720 .BR X (7), | |
721 .BR xlsfonts (1), | |
722 .BR xterm (1), | |
723 .BR xrdb (1) | |
724 . | |
725 . | |
25852 | 726 .SH AUTHORS |
727 .I Emacs | |
728 was written by Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation. | |
729 Joachim Martillo and Robert Krawitz added the X features. | |
78123 | 730 . |
731 . | |
37455 | 732 .SH COPYING |
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733 Copyright |
37455 | 734 .if t \(co |
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735 .if n (C) |
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736 1995, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, |
79771 | 737 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
37455 | 738 .PP |
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739 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this |
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740 document provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are |
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741 preserved on all copies. |
37455 | 742 .PP |
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743 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of |
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744 this document under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that |
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745 the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of |
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746 a permission notice identical to this one. |
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747 .PP |
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748 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this |
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749 document into another language, under the above conditions for |
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750 modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated |
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751 in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation. |
78123 | 752 . |
52401 | 753 .\" arch-tag: 04dfd376-b46e-4924-919a-cecc3b257eaa |