annotate doc/lispref/customize.texi @ 91121:1805a65e7746

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author Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
date Wed, 21 Nov 2007 12:12:06 +0000
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1 @c -*-texinfo-*-
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2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual.
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
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4 @c 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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5 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions.
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6 @setfilename ../../info/customize
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7 @node Customization, Loading, Macros, Top
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8 @chapter Writing Customization Definitions
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9
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10 @cindex customization definitions
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11 This chapter describes how to declare user options for customization,
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12 and also customization groups for classifying them. We use the term
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13 @dfn{customization item} to include both kinds of customization
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14 definitions---as well as face definitions (@pxref{Defining Faces}).
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15
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16 @menu
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17 * Common Keywords:: Common keyword arguments for all kinds of
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18 customization declarations.
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19 * Group Definitions:: Writing customization group definitions.
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20 * Variable Definitions:: Declaring user options.
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21 * Customization Types:: Specifying the type of a user option.
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22 @end menu
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23
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24 @node Common Keywords
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25 @section Common Item Keywords
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26
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27 @cindex customization keywords
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28 All kinds of customization declarations (for variables and groups, and
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29 for faces) accept keyword arguments for specifying various information.
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30 This section describes some keywords that apply to all kinds.
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31
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32 All of these keywords, except @code{:tag}, can be used more than once
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33 in a given item. Each use of the keyword has an independent effect.
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34 The keyword @code{:tag} is an exception because any given item can only
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35 display one name.
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36
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37 @table @code
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38 @item :tag @var{label}
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39 @kindex tag@r{, customization keyword}
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40 Use @var{label}, a string, instead of the item's name, to label the
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41 item in customization menus and buffers. @strong{Don't use a tag
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42 which is substantially different from the item's real name; that would
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43 cause confusion.} One legitimate case for use of @code{:tag} is to
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44 specify a dash where normally a hyphen would be converted to a space:
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45
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46 @example
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47 (defcustom cursor-in-non-selected-windows @dots{}
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48 :tag "Cursor In Non-selected Windows"
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49 @end example
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50
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51 @kindex group@r{, customization keyword}
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52 @item :group @var{group}
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53 Put this customization item in group @var{group}. When you use
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54 @code{:group} in a @code{defgroup}, it makes the new group a subgroup of
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55 @var{group}.
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56
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57 If you use this keyword more than once, you can put a single item into
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58 more than one group. Displaying any of those groups will show this
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59 item. Please don't overdo this, since the result would be annoying.
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60
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61 @item :link @var{link-data}
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62 @kindex link@r{, customization keyword}
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63 Include an external link after the documentation string for this item.
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64 This is a sentence containing an active field which references some
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65 other documentation.
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66
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67 There are several alternatives you can use for @var{link-data}:
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68
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69 @table @code
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70 @item (custom-manual @var{info-node})
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71 Link to an Info node; @var{info-node} is a string which specifies the
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72 node name, as in @code{"(emacs)Top"}. The link appears as
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73 @samp{[Manual]} in the customization buffer and enters the built-in
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74 Info reader on @var{info-node}.
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75
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76 @item (info-link @var{info-node})
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77 Like @code{custom-manual} except that the link appears
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78 in the customization buffer with the Info node name.
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79
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80 @item (url-link @var{url})
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81 Link to a web page; @var{url} is a string which specifies the
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82 @acronym{URL}. The link appears in the customization buffer as
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83 @var{url} and invokes the WWW browser specified by
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84 @code{browse-url-browser-function}.
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85
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86 @item (emacs-commentary-link @var{library})
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87 Link to the commentary section of a library; @var{library} is a string
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88 which specifies the library name.
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89
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90 @item (emacs-library-link @var{library})
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91 Link to an Emacs Lisp library file; @var{library} is a string which
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92 specifies the library name.
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93
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94 @item (file-link @var{file})
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95 Link to a file; @var{file} is a string which specifies the name of the
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96 file to visit with @code{find-file} when the user invokes this link.
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97
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98 @item (function-link @var{function})
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99 Link to the documentation of a function; @var{function} is a string
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100 which specifies the name of the function to describe with
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101 @code{describe-function} when the user invokes this link.
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102
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103 @item (variable-link @var{variable})
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104 Link to the documentation of a variable; @var{variable} is a string
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105 which specifies the name of the variable to describe with
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106 @code{describe-variable} when the user invokes this link.
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107
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108 @item (custom-group-link @var{group})
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109 Link to another customization group. Invoking it creates a new
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110 customization buffer for @var{group}.
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111 @end table
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112
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113 You can specify the text to use in the customization buffer by adding
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114 @code{:tag @var{name}} after the first element of the @var{link-data};
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115 for example, @code{(info-link :tag "foo" "(emacs)Top")} makes a link to
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116 the Emacs manual which appears in the buffer as @samp{foo}.
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117
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118 An item can have more than one external link; however, most items have
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119 none at all.
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120
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121 @item :load @var{file}
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122 @kindex load@r{, customization keyword}
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123 Load file @var{file} (a string) before displaying this customization
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124 item. Loading is done with @code{load-library}, and only if the file is
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125 not already loaded.
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126
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127 @item :require @var{feature}
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128 @kindex require@r{, customization keyword}
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129 Execute @code{(require '@var{feature})} when your saved customizations
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130 set the value of this item. @var{feature} should be a symbol.
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131
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132 The most common reason to use @code{:require} is when a variable enables
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133 a feature such as a minor mode, and just setting the variable won't have
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134 any effect unless the code which implements the mode is loaded.
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135
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136 @item :version @var{version}
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137 @kindex version@r{, customization keyword}
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138 This keyword specifies that the item was first introduced in Emacs
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139 version @var{version}, or that its default value was changed in that
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140 version. The value @var{version} must be a string.
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141
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142 @item :package-version '(@var{package} . @var{version})
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143 @kindex package-version@r{, customization keyword}
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144 This keyword specifies that the item was first introduced in
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145 @var{package} version @var{version}, or that its meaning or default
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146 value was changed in that version. The value of @var{package} is a
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147 symbol and @var{version} is a string.
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148
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149 This keyword takes priority over @code{:version}.
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150
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151 @var{package} should be the official name of the package, such as MH-E
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152 or Gnus. If the package @var{package} is released as part of Emacs,
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153 @var{package} and @var{version} should appear in the value of
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154 @code{customize-package-emacs-version-alist}.
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155 @end table
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156
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157 Packages distributed as part of Emacs that use the
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158 @code{:package-version} keyword must also update the
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159 @code{customize-package-emacs-version-alist} variable.
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160
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161 @defvar customize-package-emacs-version-alist
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162 This alist provides a mapping for the versions of Emacs that are
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163 associated with versions of a package listed in the
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164 @code{:package-version} keyword. Its elements look like this:
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165
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166 @example
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167 (@var{package} (@var{pversion} . @var{eversion})@dots{})
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168 @end example
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169
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170 For each @var{package}, which is a symbol, there are one or more
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171 elements that contain a package version @var{pversion} with an
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172 associated Emacs version @var{eversion}. These versions are strings.
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173 For example, the MH-E package updates this alist with the following:
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174
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175 @smallexample
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176 (add-to-list 'customize-package-emacs-version-alist
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177 '(MH-E ("6.0" . "22.1") ("6.1" . "22.1") ("7.0" . "22.1")
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178 ("7.1" . "22.1") ("7.2" . "22.1") ("7.3" . "22.1")
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179 ("7.4" . "22.1") ("8.0" . "22.1")))
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180 @end smallexample
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181
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182 The value of @var{package} needs to be unique and it needs to match
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183 the @var{package} value appearing in the @code{:package-version}
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184 keyword. Since the user might see the value in a error message, a good
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185 choice is the official name of the package, such as MH-E or Gnus.
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186 @end defvar
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187
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188 @node Group Definitions
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189 @section Defining Customization Groups
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190 @cindex define customization group
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191 @cindex customization groups, defining
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192
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193 Each Emacs Lisp package should have one main customization group which
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194 contains all the options, faces and other groups in the package. If the
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195 package has a small number of options and faces, use just one group and
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196 put everything in it. When there are more than twelve or so options and
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197 faces, then you should structure them into subgroups, and put the
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198 subgroups under the package's main customization group. It is OK to
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199 put some of the options and faces in the package's main group alongside
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200 the subgroups.
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201
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202 The package's main or only group should be a member of one or more of
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203 the standard customization groups. (To display the full list of them,
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204 use @kbd{M-x customize}.) Choose one or more of them (but not too
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205 many), and add your group to each of them using the @code{:group}
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206 keyword.
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207
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208 The way to declare new customization groups is with @code{defgroup}.
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209
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210 @defmac defgroup group members doc [keyword value]@dots{}
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211 Declare @var{group} as a customization group containing @var{members}.
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212 Do not quote the symbol @var{group}. The argument @var{doc} specifies
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213 the documentation string for the group.
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214
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215 The argument @var{members} is a list specifying an initial set of
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216 customization items to be members of the group. However, most often
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217 @var{members} is @code{nil}, and you specify the group's members by
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218 using the @code{:group} keyword when defining those members.
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219
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220 If you want to specify group members through @var{members}, each element
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221 should have the form @code{(@var{name} @var{widget})}. Here @var{name}
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222 is a symbol, and @var{widget} is a widget type for editing that symbol.
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223 Useful widgets are @code{custom-variable} for a variable,
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224 @code{custom-face} for a face, and @code{custom-group} for a group.
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225
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226 When you introduce a new group into Emacs, use the @code{:version}
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227 keyword in the @code{defgroup}; then you need not use it for
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228 the individual members of the group.
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229
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230 In addition to the common keywords (@pxref{Common Keywords}), you can
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231 also use this keyword in @code{defgroup}:
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232
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233 @table @code
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234 @item :prefix @var{prefix}
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235 @kindex prefix@r{, @code{defgroup} keyword}
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236 If the name of an item in the group starts with @var{prefix}, then the
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237 tag for that item is constructed (by default) by omitting @var{prefix}.
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238
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239 One group can have any number of prefixes.
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240 @end table
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241 @end defmac
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242
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243 The prefix-discarding feature is currently turned off, which means
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244 that @code{:prefix} currently has no effect. We did this because we
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245 found that discarding the specified prefixes often led to confusing
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246 names for options. This happened because the people who wrote the
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247 @code{defgroup} definitions for various groups added @code{:prefix}
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248 keywords whenever they make logical sense---that is, whenever the
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249 variables in the library have a common prefix.
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250
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251 In order to obtain good results with @code{:prefix}, it would be
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252 necessary to check the specific effects of discarding a particular
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253 prefix, given the specific items in a group and their names and
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254 documentation. If the resulting text is not clear, then @code{:prefix}
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255 should not be used in that case.
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256
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257 It should be possible to recheck all the customization groups, delete
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258 the @code{:prefix} specifications which give unclear results, and then
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259 turn this feature back on, if someone would like to do the work.
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260
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261 @node Variable Definitions
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262 @section Defining Customization Variables
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263 @cindex define customization options
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264 @cindex customization variables, how to define
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265
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266 Use @code{defcustom} to declare user-customizable variables.
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267
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268 @defmac defcustom option standard doc [keyword value]@dots{}
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269 This construct declares @var{option} as a customizable user option
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270 variable. You should not quote @var{option}. The argument @var{doc}
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271 specifies the documentation string for the variable. There is no need
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272 to start it with a @samp{*}, because @code{defcustom} automatically
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273 marks @var{option} as a @dfn{user option} (@pxref{Defining
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274 Variables}).
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275
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276 The argument @var{standard} is an expression that specifies the
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277 standard value for @var{option}. Evaluating the @code{defcustom} form
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278 evaluates @var{standard}, but does not necessarily install the
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279 standard value. If @var{option} already has a default value,
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280 @code{defcustom} does not change it. If the user has saved a
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281 customization for @var{option}, @code{defcustom} installs the user's
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282 customized value as @var{option}'s default value. If neither of those
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283 cases applies, @code{defcustom} installs the result of evaluating
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284 @var{standard} as the default value.
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285
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286 The expression @var{standard} can be evaluated at various other times,
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287 too---whenever the customization facility needs to know @var{option}'s
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288 standard value. So be sure to use an expression which is harmless to
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289 evaluate at any time. We recommend avoiding backquotes in
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290 @var{standard}, because they are not expanded when editing the value,
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291 so list values will appear to have the wrong structure.
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292
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293 Every @code{defcustom} should specify @code{:group} at least once.
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294
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295 If you specify the @code{:set} keyword, to make the variable take other
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296 special actions when set through the customization buffer, the
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297 variable's documentation string should tell the user specifically how
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298 to do the same job in hand-written Lisp code.
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299
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300 When you evaluate a @code{defcustom} form with @kbd{C-M-x} in Emacs Lisp
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301 mode (@code{eval-defun}), a special feature of @code{eval-defun}
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302 arranges to set the variable unconditionally, without testing whether
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303 its value is void. (The same feature applies to @code{defvar}.)
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304 @xref{Defining Variables}.
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305 @end defmac
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306
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307 @code{defcustom} accepts the following additional keywords:
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308
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309 @table @code
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310 @item :type @var{type}
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311 Use @var{type} as the data type for this option. It specifies which
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312 values are legitimate, and how to display the value.
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313 @xref{Customization Types}, for more information.
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314
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315 @item :options @var{value-list}
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316 @kindex options@r{, @code{defcustom} keyword}
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317 Specify the list of reasonable values for use in this
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318 option. The user is not restricted to using only these values, but they
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319 are offered as convenient alternatives.
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320
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321 This is meaningful only for certain types, currently including
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322 @code{hook}, @code{plist} and @code{alist}. See the definition of the
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323 individual types for a description of how to use @code{:options}.
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324
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325 @item :set @var{setfunction}
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326 @kindex set@r{, @code{defcustom} keyword}
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327 Specify @var{setfunction} as the way to change the value of this
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328 option. The function @var{setfunction} should take two arguments, a
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329 symbol (the option name) and the new value, and should do whatever is
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330 necessary to update the value properly for this option (which may not
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331 mean simply setting the option as a Lisp variable). The default for
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332 @var{setfunction} is @code{set-default}.
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333
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334 @item :get @var{getfunction}
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335 @kindex get@r{, @code{defcustom} keyword}
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336 Specify @var{getfunction} as the way to extract the value of this
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337 option. The function @var{getfunction} should take one argument, a
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338 symbol, and should return whatever customize should use as the
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339 ``current value'' for that symbol (which need not be the symbol's Lisp
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340 value). The default is @code{default-value}.
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341
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342 You have to really understand the workings of Custom to use
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343 @code{:get} correctly. It is meant for values that are treated in
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344 Custom as variables but are not actually stored in Lisp variables. It
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345 is almost surely a mistake to specify @code{getfunction} for a value
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346 that really is stored in a Lisp variable.
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347
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348 @item :initialize @var{function}
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349 @kindex initialize@r{, @code{defcustom} keyword}
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350 @var{function} should be a function used to initialize the variable
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351 when the @code{defcustom} is evaluated. It should take two arguments,
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352 the option name (a symbol) and the value. Here are some predefined
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353 functions meant for use in this way:
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354
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355 @table @code
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356 @item custom-initialize-set
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357 Use the variable's @code{:set} function to initialize the variable, but
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358 do not reinitialize it if it is already non-void.
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359
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360 @item custom-initialize-default
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361 Like @code{custom-initialize-set}, but use the function
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362 @code{set-default} to set the variable, instead of the variable's
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363 @code{:set} function. This is the usual choice for a variable whose
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364 @code{:set} function enables or disables a minor mode; with this choice,
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365 defining the variable will not call the minor mode function, but
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366 customizing the variable will do so.
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367
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368 @item custom-initialize-reset
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369 Always use the @code{:set} function to initialize the variable. If
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370 the variable is already non-void, reset it by calling the @code{:set}
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371 function using the current value (returned by the @code{:get} method).
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372 This is the default @code{:initialize} function.
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373
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374 @item custom-initialize-changed
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375 Use the @code{:set} function to initialize the variable, if it is
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376 already set or has been customized; otherwise, just use
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377 @code{set-default}.
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378
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379 @item custom-initialize-safe-set
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380 @itemx custom-initialize-safe-default
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381 These functions behave like @code{custom-initialize-set}
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382 (@code{custom-initialize-default}, respectively), but catch errors.
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383 If an error occurs during initialization, they set the variable to
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384 @code{nil} using @code{set-default}, and throw no error.
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385
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386 These two functions are only meant for options defined in pre-loaded
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387 files, where some variables or functions used to compute the option's
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388 value may not yet be defined. The option normally gets updated in
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389 @file{startup.el}, ignoring the previously computed value. Because of
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390 this typical usage, the value which these two functions compute
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391 normally only matters when, after startup, one unsets the option's
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392 value and then reevaluates the defcustom. By that time, the necessary
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393 variables and functions will be defined, so there will not be an error.
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394 @end table
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395
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396 @item :risky @var{value}
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397 @kindex risky@r{, @code{defcustom} keyword}
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398 Set this variable's @code{risky-local-variable} property to @var{value}.
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399
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400 @item :safe @var{function}
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401 @kindex safe@r{, @code{defcustom} keyword}
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402 Set this variable's @code{safe-local-variable} property to @var{function}.
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403
84058
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404 @item :set-after @var{variables}
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405 @kindex set-after@r{, @code{defcustom} keyword}
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406 When setting variables according to saved customizations, make sure to
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407 set the variables @var{variables} before this one; in other words, delay
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408 setting this variable until after those others have been handled. Use
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409 @code{:set-after} if setting this variable won't work properly unless
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410 those other variables already have their intended values.
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411 @end table
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412
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413 The @code{:require} keyword is useful for an option that turns on the
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414 operation of a certain feature. Assuming that the package is coded to
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415 check the value of the option, you still need to arrange for the package
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416 to be loaded. You can do that with @code{:require}. @xref{Common
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417 Keywords}. Here is an example, from the library @file{saveplace.el}:
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418
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419 @example
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420 (defcustom save-place nil
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421 "Non-nil means automatically save place in each file..."
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422 :type 'boolean
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423 :require 'saveplace
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424 :group 'save-place)
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425 @end example
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426
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427 If a customization item has a type such as @code{hook} or
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428 @code{alist}, which supports @code{:options}, you can add additional
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429 values to the list from outside the @code{defcustom} declaration by
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430 calling @code{custom-add-frequent-value}. For example, if you define a
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431 function @code{my-lisp-mode-initialization} intended to be called from
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432 @code{emacs-lisp-mode-hook}, you might want to add that to the list of
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433 reasonable values for @code{emacs-lisp-mode-hook}, but not by editing
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434 its definition. You can do it thus:
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435
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436 @example
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437 (custom-add-frequent-value 'emacs-lisp-mode-hook
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438 'my-lisp-mode-initialization)
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439 @end example
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440
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441 @defun custom-add-frequent-value symbol value
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442 For the customization option @var{symbol}, add @var{value} to the
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443 list of reasonable values.
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444
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445 The precise effect of adding a value depends on the customization type
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446 of @var{symbol}.
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447 @end defun
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448
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449 Internally, @code{defcustom} uses the symbol property
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450 @code{standard-value} to record the expression for the standard value,
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451 and @code{saved-value} to record the value saved by the user with the
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452 customization buffer. Both properties are actually lists whose car is
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453 an expression which evaluates to the value.
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454
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455 @node Customization Types
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456 @section Customization Types
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457
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458 @cindex customization types
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459 When you define a user option with @code{defcustom}, you must specify
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460 its @dfn{customization type}. That is a Lisp object which describes (1)
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461 which values are legitimate and (2) how to display the value in the
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462 customization buffer for editing.
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463
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464 @kindex type@r{, @code{defcustom} keyword}
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465 You specify the customization type in @code{defcustom} with the
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466 @code{:type} keyword. The argument of @code{:type} is evaluated, but
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467 only once when the @code{defcustom} is executed, so it isn't useful
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468 for the value to vary. Normally we use a quoted constant. For
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469 example:
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470
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471 @example
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472 (defcustom diff-command "diff"
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473 "The command to use to run diff."
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474 :type '(string)
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475 :group 'diff)
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476 @end example
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477
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478 In general, a customization type is a list whose first element is a
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479 symbol, one of the customization type names defined in the following
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480 sections. After this symbol come a number of arguments, depending on
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481 the symbol. Between the type symbol and its arguments, you can
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482 optionally write keyword-value pairs (@pxref{Type Keywords}).
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483
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484 Some of the type symbols do not use any arguments; those are called
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485 @dfn{simple types}. For a simple type, if you do not use any
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486 keyword-value pairs, you can omit the parentheses around the type
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487 symbol. For example just @code{string} as a customization type is
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488 equivalent to @code{(string)}.
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489
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490 @menu
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491 * Simple Types::
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492 * Composite Types::
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493 * Splicing into Lists::
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494 * Type Keywords::
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495 * Defining New Types::
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496 @end menu
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497
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498 All customization types are implemented as widgets; see @ref{Top, ,
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499 Introduction, widget, The Emacs Widget Library}, for details.
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500
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501 @node Simple Types
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502 @subsection Simple Types
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503
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504 This section describes all the simple customization types.
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505
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506 @table @code
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507 @item sexp
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508 The value may be any Lisp object that can be printed and read back. You
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509 can use @code{sexp} as a fall-back for any option, if you don't want to
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510 take the time to work out a more specific type to use.
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511
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512 @item integer
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513 The value must be an integer, and is represented textually
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514 in the customization buffer.
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515
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516 @item number
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517 The value must be a number (floating point or integer), and is
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518 represented textually in the customization buffer.
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519
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520 @item float
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521 The value must be a floating point number, and is represented
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522 textually in the customization buffer.
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523
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524 @item string
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525 The value must be a string, and the customization buffer shows just the
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526 contents, with no delimiting @samp{"} characters and no quoting with
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527 @samp{\}.
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528
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529 @item regexp
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530 Like @code{string} except that the string must be a valid regular
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531 expression.
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532
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533 @item character
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534 The value must be a character code. A character code is actually an
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535 integer, but this type shows the value by inserting the character in the
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536 buffer, rather than by showing the number.
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537
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538 @item file
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539 The value must be a file name, and you can do completion with
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540 @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}.
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541
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542 @item (file :must-match t)
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543 The value must be a file name for an existing file, and you can do
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544 completion with @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}.
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545
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546 @item directory
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547 The value must be a directory name, and you can do completion with
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548 @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}.
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549
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550 @item hook
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551 The value must be a list of functions (or a single function, but that is
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552 obsolete usage). This customization type is used for hook variables.
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553 You can use the @code{:options} keyword in a hook variable's
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554 @code{defcustom} to specify a list of functions recommended for use in
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555 the hook; see @ref{Variable Definitions}.
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556
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557 @item alist
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558 The value must be a list of cons-cells, the @sc{car} of each cell
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559 representing a key, and the @sc{cdr} of the same cell representing an
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560 associated value. The user can add and delete key/value pairs, and
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561 edit both the key and the value of each pair.
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562
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563 You can specify the key and value types like this:
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564
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565 @smallexample
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566 (alist :key-type @var{key-type} :value-type @var{value-type})
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567 @end smallexample
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568
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569 @noindent
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570 where @var{key-type} and @var{value-type} are customization type
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571 specifications. The default key type is @code{sexp}, and the default
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572 value type is @code{sexp}.
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573
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574 The user can add any key matching the specified key type, but you can
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575 give some keys a preferential treatment by specifying them with the
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576 @code{:options} (see @ref{Variable Definitions}). The specified keys
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577 will always be shown in the customize buffer (together with a suitable
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578 value), with a checkbox to include or exclude or disable the key/value
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579 pair from the alist. The user will not be able to edit the keys
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580 specified by the @code{:options} keyword argument.
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581
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582 The argument to the @code{:options} keywords should be a list of
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583 specifications for reasonable keys in the alist. Ordinarily, they are
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584 simply atoms, which stand for themselves as. For example:
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585
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586 @smallexample
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587 :options '("foo" "bar" "baz")
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588 @end smallexample
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589
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590 @noindent
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591 specifies that there are three ``known'' keys, namely @code{"foo"},
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592 @code{"bar"} and @code{"baz"}, which will always be shown first.
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593
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594 You may want to restrict the value type for specific keys, for
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595 example, the value associated with the @code{"bar"} key can only be an
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596 integer. You can specify this by using a list instead of an atom in
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597 the list. The first element will specify the key, like before, while
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598 the second element will specify the value type. For example:
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599
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600 @smallexample
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601 :options '("foo" ("bar" integer) "baz")
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602 @end smallexample
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603
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604 Finally, you may want to change how the key is presented. By default,
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605 the key is simply shown as a @code{const}, since the user cannot change
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606 the special keys specified with the @code{:options} keyword. However,
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607 you may want to use a more specialized type for presenting the key, like
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608 @code{function-item} if you know it is a symbol with a function binding.
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609 This is done by using a customization type specification instead of a
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610 symbol for the key.
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611
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612 @smallexample
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613 :options '("foo" ((function-item some-function) integer)
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614 "baz")
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615 @end smallexample
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616
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617 Many alists use lists with two elements, instead of cons cells. For
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618 example,
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619
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620 @smallexample
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621 (defcustom list-alist '(("foo" 1) ("bar" 2) ("baz" 3))
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622 "Each element is a list of the form (KEY VALUE).")
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623 @end smallexample
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624
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625 @noindent
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626 instead of
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627
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628 @smallexample
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629 (defcustom cons-alist '(("foo" . 1) ("bar" . 2) ("baz" . 3))
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630 "Each element is a cons-cell (KEY . VALUE).")
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631 @end smallexample
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632
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633 Because of the way lists are implemented on top of cons cells, you can
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634 treat @code{list-alist} in the example above as a cons cell alist, where
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635 the value type is a list with a single element containing the real
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636 value.
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parents:
diff changeset
637
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parents:
diff changeset
638 @smallexample
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parents:
diff changeset
639 (defcustom list-alist '(("foo" 1) ("bar" 2) ("baz" 3))
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parents:
diff changeset
640 "Each element is a list of the form (KEY VALUE)."
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
641 :type '(alist :value-type (group integer)))
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
642 @end smallexample
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parents:
diff changeset
643
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
644 The @code{group} widget is used here instead of @code{list} only because
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
645 the formatting is better suited for the purpose.
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parents:
diff changeset
646
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parents:
diff changeset
647 Similarly, you can have alists with more values associated with each
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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diff changeset
648 key, using variations of this trick:
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
649
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
650 @smallexample
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parents:
diff changeset
651 (defcustom person-data '(("brian" 50 t)
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
652 ("dorith" 55 nil)
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
653 ("ken" 52 t))
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
654 "Alist of basic info about people.
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parents:
diff changeset
655 Each element has the form (NAME AGE MALE-FLAG)."
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parents:
diff changeset
656 :type '(alist :value-type (group integer boolean)))
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
657
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
658 (defcustom pets '(("brian")
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
659 ("dorith" "dog" "guppy")
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
660 ("ken" "cat"))
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
661 "Alist of people's pets.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
662 In an element (KEY . VALUE), KEY is the person's name,
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
663 and the VALUE is a list of that person's pets."
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
664 :type '(alist :value-type (repeat string)))
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
665 @end smallexample
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
666
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
667 @item plist
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
668 The @code{plist} custom type is similar to the @code{alist} (see above),
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
669 except that the information is stored as a property list, i.e. a list of
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
670 this form:
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
671
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
672 @smallexample
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
673 (@var{key} @var{value} @var{key} @var{value} @var{key} @var{value} @dots{})
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parents:
diff changeset
674 @end smallexample
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parents:
diff changeset
675
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
676 The default @code{:key-type} for @code{plist} is @code{symbol},
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parents:
diff changeset
677 rather than @code{sexp}.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
678
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
679 @item symbol
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parents:
diff changeset
680 The value must be a symbol. It appears in the customization buffer as
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
681 the name of the symbol.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
682
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
683 @item function
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parents:
diff changeset
684 The value must be either a lambda expression or a function name. When
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
685 it is a function name, you can do completion with @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
686
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parents:
diff changeset
687 @item variable
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
688 The value must be a variable name, and you can do completion with
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
689 @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
690
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
691 @item face
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
692 The value must be a symbol which is a face name, and you can do
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
693 completion with @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
694
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
695 @item boolean
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
696 The value is boolean---either @code{nil} or @code{t}. Note that by
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
697 using @code{choice} and @code{const} together (see the next section),
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
698 you can specify that the value must be @code{nil} or @code{t}, but also
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
699 specify the text to describe each value in a way that fits the specific
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
700 meaning of the alternative.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
701
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
702 @item coding-system
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
703 The value must be a coding-system name, and you can do completion with
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
704 @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
705
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
706 @item color
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
707 The value must be a valid color name, and you can do completion with
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
708 @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}. A sample is provided.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
709 @end table
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
710
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
711 @node Composite Types
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
712 @subsection Composite Types
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
713 @cindex Composite Types (customization)
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
714
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
715 When none of the simple types is appropriate, you can use composite
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
716 types, which build new types from other types or from specified data.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
717 The specified types or data are called the @dfn{arguments} of the
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
718 composite type. The composite type normally looks like this:
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
719
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
720 @example
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
721 (@var{constructor} @var{arguments}@dots{})
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
722 @end example
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
723
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
724 @noindent
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
725 but you can also add keyword-value pairs before the arguments, like
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
726 this:
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
727
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
728 @example
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
729 (@var{constructor} @r{@{}@var{keyword} @var{value}@r{@}}@dots{} @var{arguments}@dots{})
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
730 @end example
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
731
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
732 Here is a table of constructors and how to use them to write
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
733 composite types:
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
734
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
735 @table @code
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
736 @item (cons @var{car-type} @var{cdr-type})
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
737 The value must be a cons cell, its @sc{car} must fit @var{car-type}, and
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
738 its @sc{cdr} must fit @var{cdr-type}. For example, @code{(cons string
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
739 symbol)} is a customization type which matches values such as
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
740 @code{("foo" . foo)}.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
741
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
742 In the customization buffer, the @sc{car} and the @sc{cdr} are
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
743 displayed and edited separately, each according to the type
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
744 that you specify for it.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
745
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
746 @item (list @var{element-types}@dots{})
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
747 The value must be a list with exactly as many elements as the
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
748 @var{element-types} given; and each element must fit the
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
749 corresponding @var{element-type}.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
750
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
751 For example, @code{(list integer string function)} describes a list of
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
752 three elements; the first element must be an integer, the second a
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
753 string, and the third a function.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
754
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
755 In the customization buffer, each element is displayed and edited
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
756 separately, according to the type specified for it.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
757
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
758 @item (vector @var{element-types}@dots{})
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
759 Like @code{list} except that the value must be a vector instead of a
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
760 list. The elements work the same as in @code{list}.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
761
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
762 @item (choice @var{alternative-types}@dots{})
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
763 The value must fit at least one of @var{alternative-types}.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
764 For example, @code{(choice integer string)} allows either an
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
765 integer or a string.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
766
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
767 In the customization buffer, the user selects an alternative
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
768 using a menu, and can then edit the value in the usual way for that
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
769 alternative.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
770
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
771 Normally the strings in this menu are determined automatically from the
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
772 choices; however, you can specify different strings for the menu by
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
773 including the @code{:tag} keyword in the alternatives. For example, if
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
774 an integer stands for a number of spaces, while a string is text to use
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
775 verbatim, you might write the customization type this way,
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
776
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
777 @example
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
778 (choice (integer :tag "Number of spaces")
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
779 (string :tag "Literal text"))
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
780 @end example
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
781
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
782 @noindent
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
783 so that the menu offers @samp{Number of spaces} and @samp{Literal text}.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
784
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
785 In any alternative for which @code{nil} is not a valid value, other than
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
786 a @code{const}, you should specify a valid default for that alternative
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
787 using the @code{:value} keyword. @xref{Type Keywords}.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
788
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
789 If some values are covered by more than one of the alternatives,
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
790 customize will choose the first alternative that the value fits. This
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
791 means you should always list the most specific types first, and the
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
792 most general last. Here's an example of proper usage:
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
793
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
794 @example
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
795 (choice (const :tag "Off" nil)
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
796 symbol (sexp :tag "Other"))
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
797 @end example
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
798
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parents:
diff changeset
799 @noindent
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parents:
diff changeset
800 This way, the special value @code{nil} is not treated like other
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parents:
diff changeset
801 symbols, and symbols are not treated like other Lisp expressions.
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parents:
diff changeset
802
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parents:
diff changeset
803 @item (radio @var{element-types}@dots{})
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parents:
diff changeset
804 This is similar to @code{choice}, except that the choices are displayed
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parents:
diff changeset
805 using `radio buttons' rather than a menu. This has the advantage of
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parents:
diff changeset
806 displaying documentation for the choices when applicable and so is often
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parents:
diff changeset
807 a good choice for a choice between constant functions
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parents:
diff changeset
808 (@code{function-item} customization types).
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parents:
diff changeset
809
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parents:
diff changeset
810 @item (const @var{value})
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parents:
diff changeset
811 The value must be @var{value}---nothing else is allowed.
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812
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813 The main use of @code{const} is inside of @code{choice}. For example,
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parents:
diff changeset
814 @code{(choice integer (const nil))} allows either an integer or
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parents:
diff changeset
815 @code{nil}.
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diff changeset
816
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diff changeset
817 @code{:tag} is often used with @code{const}, inside of @code{choice}.
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diff changeset
818 For example,
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diff changeset
819
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diff changeset
820 @example
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parents:
diff changeset
821 (choice (const :tag "Yes" t)
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parents:
diff changeset
822 (const :tag "No" nil)
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diff changeset
823 (const :tag "Ask" foo))
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diff changeset
824 @end example
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825
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parents:
diff changeset
826 @noindent
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parents:
diff changeset
827 describes a variable for which @code{t} means yes, @code{nil} means no,
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diff changeset
828 and @code{foo} means ``ask.''
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829
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diff changeset
830 @item (other @var{value})
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diff changeset
831 This alternative can match any Lisp value, but if the user chooses this
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diff changeset
832 alternative, that selects the value @var{value}.
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833
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diff changeset
834 The main use of @code{other} is as the last element of @code{choice}.
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diff changeset
835 For example,
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836
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diff changeset
837 @example
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diff changeset
838 (choice (const :tag "Yes" t)
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parents:
diff changeset
839 (const :tag "No" nil)
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diff changeset
840 (other :tag "Ask" foo))
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diff changeset
841 @end example
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diff changeset
842
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diff changeset
843 @noindent
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parents:
diff changeset
844 describes a variable for which @code{t} means yes, @code{nil} means no,
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parents:
diff changeset
845 and anything else means ``ask.'' If the user chooses @samp{Ask} from
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parents:
diff changeset
846 the menu of alternatives, that specifies the value @code{foo}; but any
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diff changeset
847 other value (not @code{t}, @code{nil} or @code{foo}) displays as
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
848 @samp{Ask}, just like @code{foo}.
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diff changeset
849
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850 @item (function-item @var{function})
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diff changeset
851 Like @code{const}, but used for values which are functions. This
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parents:
diff changeset
852 displays the documentation string as well as the function name.
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parents:
diff changeset
853 The documentation string is either the one you specify with
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diff changeset
854 @code{:doc}, or @var{function}'s own documentation string.
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parents:
diff changeset
855
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parents:
diff changeset
856 @item (variable-item @var{variable})
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diff changeset
857 Like @code{const}, but used for values which are variable names. This
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parents:
diff changeset
858 displays the documentation string as well as the variable name. The
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parents:
diff changeset
859 documentation string is either the one you specify with @code{:doc}, or
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parents:
diff changeset
860 @var{variable}'s own documentation string.
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parents:
diff changeset
861
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parents:
diff changeset
862 @item (set @var{types}@dots{})
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diff changeset
863 The value must be a list, and each element of the list must match one of
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parents:
diff changeset
864 the @var{types} specified.
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parents:
diff changeset
865
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diff changeset
866 This appears in the customization buffer as a checklist, so that each of
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parents:
diff changeset
867 @var{types} may have either one corresponding element or none. It is
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parents:
diff changeset
868 not possible to specify two different elements that match the same one
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parents:
diff changeset
869 of @var{types}. For example, @code{(set integer symbol)} allows one
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parents:
diff changeset
870 integer and/or one symbol in the list; it does not allow multiple
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parents:
diff changeset
871 integers or multiple symbols. As a result, it is rare to use
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
872 nonspecific types such as @code{integer} in a @code{set}.
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parents:
diff changeset
873
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parents:
diff changeset
874 Most often, the @var{types} in a @code{set} are @code{const} types, as
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
875 shown here:
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
876
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
877 @example
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parents:
diff changeset
878 (set (const :bold) (const :italic))
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parents:
diff changeset
879 @end example
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parents:
diff changeset
880
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parents:
diff changeset
881 Sometimes they describe possible elements in an alist:
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parents:
diff changeset
882
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parents:
diff changeset
883 @example
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parents:
diff changeset
884 (set (cons :tag "Height" (const height) integer)
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parents:
diff changeset
885 (cons :tag "Width" (const width) integer))
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parents:
diff changeset
886 @end example
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parents:
diff changeset
887
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parents:
diff changeset
888 @noindent
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parents:
diff changeset
889 That lets the user specify a height value optionally
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parents:
diff changeset
890 and a width value optionally.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
891
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parents:
diff changeset
892 @item (repeat @var{element-type})
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parents:
diff changeset
893 The value must be a list and each element of the list must fit the type
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parents:
diff changeset
894 @var{element-type}. This appears in the customization buffer as a
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
895 list of elements, with @samp{[INS]} and @samp{[DEL]} buttons for adding
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
896 more elements or removing elements.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
897
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
898 @item (restricted-sexp :match-alternatives @var{criteria})
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parents:
diff changeset
899 This is the most general composite type construct. The value may be
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parents:
diff changeset
900 any Lisp object that satisfies one of @var{criteria}. @var{criteria}
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
901 should be a list, and each element should be one of these
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parents:
diff changeset
902 possibilities:
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parents:
diff changeset
903
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parents:
diff changeset
904 @itemize @bullet
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parents:
diff changeset
905 @item
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parents:
diff changeset
906 A predicate---that is, a function of one argument that has no side
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
907 effects, and returns either @code{nil} or non-@code{nil} according to
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
908 the argument. Using a predicate in the list says that objects for which
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parents:
diff changeset
909 the predicate returns non-@code{nil} are acceptable.
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parents:
diff changeset
910
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diff changeset
911 @item
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parents:
diff changeset
912 A quoted constant---that is, @code{'@var{object}}. This sort of element
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
913 in the list says that @var{object} itself is an acceptable value.
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parents:
diff changeset
914 @end itemize
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parents:
diff changeset
915
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parents:
diff changeset
916 For example,
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parents:
diff changeset
917
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parents:
diff changeset
918 @example
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parents:
diff changeset
919 (restricted-sexp :match-alternatives
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diff changeset
920 (integerp 't 'nil))
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parents:
diff changeset
921 @end example
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parents:
diff changeset
922
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parents:
diff changeset
923 @noindent
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parents:
diff changeset
924 allows integers, @code{t} and @code{nil} as legitimate values.
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diff changeset
925
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parents:
diff changeset
926 The customization buffer shows all legitimate values using their read
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parents:
diff changeset
927 syntax, and the user edits them textually.
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parents:
diff changeset
928 @end table
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parents:
diff changeset
929
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diff changeset
930 Here is a table of the keywords you can use in keyword-value pairs
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parents:
diff changeset
931 in a composite type:
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diff changeset
932
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parents:
diff changeset
933 @table @code
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parents:
diff changeset
934 @item :tag @var{tag}
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parents:
diff changeset
935 Use @var{tag} as the name of this alternative, for user communication
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parents:
diff changeset
936 purposes. This is useful for a type that appears inside of a
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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diff changeset
937 @code{choice}.
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parents:
diff changeset
938
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parents:
diff changeset
939 @item :match-alternatives @var{criteria}
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parents:
diff changeset
940 @kindex match-alternatives@r{, customization keyword}
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parents:
diff changeset
941 Use @var{criteria} to match possible values. This is used only in
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parents:
diff changeset
942 @code{restricted-sexp}.
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parents:
diff changeset
943
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diff changeset
944 @item :args @var{argument-list}
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diff changeset
945 @kindex args@r{, customization keyword}
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parents:
diff changeset
946 Use the elements of @var{argument-list} as the arguments of the type
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parents:
diff changeset
947 construct. For instance, @code{(const :args (foo))} is equivalent to
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parents:
diff changeset
948 @code{(const foo)}. You rarely need to write @code{:args} explicitly,
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parents:
diff changeset
949 because normally the arguments are recognized automatically as
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parents:
diff changeset
950 whatever follows the last keyword-value pair.
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diff changeset
951 @end table
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diff changeset
952
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parents:
diff changeset
953 @node Splicing into Lists
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parents:
diff changeset
954 @subsection Splicing into Lists
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parents:
diff changeset
955
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diff changeset
956 The @code{:inline} feature lets you splice a variable number of
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parents:
diff changeset
957 elements into the middle of a list or vector. You use it in a
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parents:
diff changeset
958 @code{set}, @code{choice} or @code{repeat} type which appears among the
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parents:
diff changeset
959 element-types of a @code{list} or @code{vector}.
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parents:
diff changeset
960
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parents:
diff changeset
961 Normally, each of the element-types in a @code{list} or @code{vector}
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
962 describes one and only one element of the list or vector. Thus, if an
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
963 element-type is a @code{repeat}, that specifies a list of unspecified
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parents:
diff changeset
964 length which appears as one element.
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parents:
diff changeset
965
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diff changeset
966 But when the element-type uses @code{:inline}, the value it matches is
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parents:
diff changeset
967 merged directly into the containing sequence. For example, if it
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parents:
diff changeset
968 matches a list with three elements, those become three elements of the
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
969 overall sequence. This is analogous to using @samp{,@@} in the backquote
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parents:
diff changeset
970 construct.
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parents:
diff changeset
971
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parents:
diff changeset
972 For example, to specify a list whose first element must be @code{baz}
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
973 and whose remaining arguments should be zero or more of @code{foo} and
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parents:
diff changeset
974 @code{bar}, use this customization type:
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
975
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parents:
diff changeset
976 @example
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parents:
diff changeset
977 (list (const baz) (set :inline t (const foo) (const bar)))
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
978 @end example
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parents:
diff changeset
979
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parents:
diff changeset
980 @noindent
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parents:
diff changeset
981 This matches values such as @code{(baz)}, @code{(baz foo)}, @code{(baz bar)}
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
982 and @code{(baz foo bar)}.
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parents:
diff changeset
983
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parents:
diff changeset
984 When the element-type is a @code{choice}, you use @code{:inline} not
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
985 in the @code{choice} itself, but in (some of) the alternatives of the
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
986 @code{choice}. For example, to match a list which must start with a
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
987 file name, followed either by the symbol @code{t} or two strings, use
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
988 this customization type:
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
989
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parents:
diff changeset
990 @example
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
991 (list file
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parents:
diff changeset
992 (choice (const t)
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parents:
diff changeset
993 (list :inline t string string)))
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parents:
diff changeset
994 @end example
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parents:
diff changeset
995
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parents:
diff changeset
996 @noindent
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parents:
diff changeset
997 If the user chooses the first alternative in the choice, then the
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
998 overall list has two elements and the second element is @code{t}. If
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
999 the user chooses the second alternative, then the overall list has three
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parents:
diff changeset
1000 elements and the second and third must be strings.
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parents:
diff changeset
1001
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parents:
diff changeset
1002 @node Type Keywords
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parents:
diff changeset
1003 @subsection Type Keywords
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1004
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parents:
diff changeset
1005 You can specify keyword-argument pairs in a customization type after the
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parents:
diff changeset
1006 type name symbol. Here are the keywords you can use, and their
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parents:
diff changeset
1007 meanings:
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1008
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parents:
diff changeset
1009 @table @code
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1010 @item :value @var{default}
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1011 This is used for a type that appears as an alternative inside of
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1012 @code{choice}; it specifies the default value to use, at first, if and
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1013 when the user selects this alternative with the menu in the
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1014 customization buffer.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1015
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parents:
diff changeset
1016 Of course, if the actual value of the option fits this alternative, it
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1017 will appear showing the actual value, not @var{default}.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1018
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1019 If @code{nil} is not a valid value for the alternative, then it is
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1020 essential to specify a valid default with @code{:value}.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1021
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parents:
diff changeset
1022 @item :format @var{format-string}
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1023 @kindex format@r{, customization keyword}
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1024 This string will be inserted in the buffer to represent the value
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1025 corresponding to the type. The following @samp{%} escapes are available
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1026 for use in @var{format-string}:
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1027
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1028 @table @samp
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1029 @item %[@var{button}%]
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1030 Display the text @var{button} marked as a button. The @code{:action}
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1031 attribute specifies what the button will do if the user invokes it;
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1032 its value is a function which takes two arguments---the widget which
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1033 the button appears in, and the event.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1034
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1035 There is no way to specify two different buttons with different
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1036 actions.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1037
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1038 @item %@{@var{sample}%@}
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1039 Show @var{sample} in a special face specified by @code{:sample-face}.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1040
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1041 @item %v
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1042 Substitute the item's value. How the value is represented depends on
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1043 the kind of item, and (for variables) on the customization type.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1044
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1045 @item %d
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parents:
diff changeset
1046 Substitute the item's documentation string.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1047
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parents:
diff changeset
1048 @item %h
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parents:
diff changeset
1049 Like @samp{%d}, but if the documentation string is more than one line,
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1050 add an active field to control whether to show all of it or just the
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1051 first line.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1052
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parents:
diff changeset
1053 @item %t
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parents:
diff changeset
1054 Substitute the tag here. You specify the tag with the @code{:tag}
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1055 keyword.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1056
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1057 @item %%
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parents:
diff changeset
1058 Display a literal @samp{%}.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1059 @end table
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parents:
diff changeset
1060
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parents:
diff changeset
1061 @item :action @var{action}
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1062 @kindex action@r{, customization keyword}
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parents:
diff changeset
1063 Perform @var{action} if the user clicks on a button.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1064
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1065 @item :button-face @var{face}
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parents:
diff changeset
1066 @kindex button-face@r{, customization keyword}
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1067 Use the face @var{face} (a face name or a list of face names) for button
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1068 text displayed with @samp{%[@dots{}%]}.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1069
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1070 @item :button-prefix @var{prefix}
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parents:
diff changeset
1071 @itemx :button-suffix @var{suffix}
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1072 @kindex button-prefix@r{, customization keyword}
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1073 @kindex button-suffix@r{, customization keyword}
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1074 These specify the text to display before and after a button.
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parents:
diff changeset
1075 Each can be:
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parents:
diff changeset
1076
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1077 @table @asis
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parents:
diff changeset
1078 @item @code{nil}
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parents:
diff changeset
1079 No text is inserted.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1080
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1081 @item a string
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parents:
diff changeset
1082 The string is inserted literally.
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parents:
diff changeset
1083
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parents:
diff changeset
1084 @item a symbol
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parents:
diff changeset
1085 The symbol's value is used.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1086 @end table
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parents:
diff changeset
1087
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parents:
diff changeset
1088 @item :tag @var{tag}
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1089 Use @var{tag} (a string) as the tag for the value (or part of the value)
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1090 that corresponds to this type.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1091
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1092 @item :doc @var{doc}
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1093 @kindex doc@r{, customization keyword}
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1094 Use @var{doc} as the documentation string for this value (or part of the
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1095 value) that corresponds to this type. In order for this to work, you
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1096 must specify a value for @code{:format}, and use @samp{%d} or @samp{%h}
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parents:
diff changeset
1097 in that value.
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parents:
diff changeset
1098
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parents:
diff changeset
1099 The usual reason to specify a documentation string for a type is to
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parents:
diff changeset
1100 provide more information about the meanings of alternatives inside a
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1101 @code{:choice} type or the parts of some other composite type.
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parents:
diff changeset
1102
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parents:
diff changeset
1103 @item :help-echo @var{motion-doc}
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parents:
diff changeset
1104 @kindex help-echo@r{, customization keyword}
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1105 When you move to this item with @code{widget-forward} or
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1106 @code{widget-backward}, it will display the string @var{motion-doc} in
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1107 the echo area. In addition, @var{motion-doc} is used as the mouse
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1108 @code{help-echo} string and may actually be a function or form evaluated
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1109 to yield a help string. If it is a function, it is called with one
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1110 argument, the widget.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1111
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parents:
diff changeset
1112 @item :match @var{function}
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parents:
diff changeset
1113 @kindex match@r{, customization keyword}
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parents:
diff changeset
1114 Specify how to decide whether a value matches the type. The
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parents:
diff changeset
1115 corresponding value, @var{function}, should be a function that accepts
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1116 two arguments, a widget and a value; it should return non-@code{nil} if
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parents:
diff changeset
1117 the value is acceptable.
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parents:
diff changeset
1118
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parents:
diff changeset
1119 @ignore
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parents:
diff changeset
1120 @item :indent @var{columns}
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parents:
diff changeset
1121 Indent this item by @var{columns} columns. The indentation is used for
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parents:
diff changeset
1122 @samp{%n}, and automatically for group names, for checklists and radio
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diff changeset
1123 buttons, and for editable lists. It affects the whole of the
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diff changeset
1124 item except for the first line.
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diff changeset
1125
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parents:
diff changeset
1126 @item :offset @var{columns}
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parents:
diff changeset
1127 An integer indicating how many extra spaces to indent the subitems of
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parents:
diff changeset
1128 this item. By default, subitems are indented the same as their parent.
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diff changeset
1129
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diff changeset
1130 @item :extra-offset
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diff changeset
1131 An integer indicating how many extra spaces to add to this item's
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diff changeset
1132 indentation, compared to its parent.
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1133
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diff changeset
1134 @item :notify
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diff changeset
1135 A function called each time the item or a subitem is changed. The
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parents:
diff changeset
1136 function is called with two or three arguments. The first argument is
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diff changeset
1137 the item itself, the second argument is the item that was changed, and
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diff changeset
1138 the third argument is the event leading to the change, if any.
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1139
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1140 @item :menu-tag
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diff changeset
1141 A tag used in the menu when the widget is used as an option in a
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diff changeset
1142 @code{menu-choice} widget.
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1143
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diff changeset
1144 @item :menu-tag-get
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diff changeset
1145 A function used for finding the tag when the widget is used as an option
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diff changeset
1146 in a @code{menu-choice} widget. By default, the tag used will be either the
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parents:
diff changeset
1147 @code{:menu-tag} or @code{:tag} property if present, or the @code{princ}
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parents:
diff changeset
1148 representation of the @code{:value} property if not.
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diff changeset
1149
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diff changeset
1150 @item :validate
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diff changeset
1151 A function which takes a widget as an argument, and return @code{nil}
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diff changeset
1152 if the widget's current value is valid for the widget. Otherwise, it
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1153 should return the widget containing the invalid data, and set that
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diff changeset
1154 widget's @code{:error} property to a string explaining the error.
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diff changeset
1155
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diff changeset
1156 You can use the function @code{widget-children-validate} for this job;
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parents:
diff changeset
1157 it tests that all children of @var{widget} are valid.
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diff changeset
1158
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diff changeset
1159 @item :tab-order
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parents:
diff changeset
1160 Specify the order in which widgets are traversed with
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parents:
diff changeset
1161 @code{widget-forward} or @code{widget-backward}. This is only partially
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parents:
diff changeset
1162 implemented.
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diff changeset
1163
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diff changeset
1164 @enumerate a
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parents:
diff changeset
1165 @item
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diff changeset
1166 Widgets with tabbing order @code{-1} are ignored.
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diff changeset
1167
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parents:
diff changeset
1168 @item
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parents:
diff changeset
1169 (Unimplemented) When on a widget with tabbing order @var{n}, go to the
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1170 next widget in the buffer with tabbing order @var{n+1} or @code{nil},
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diff changeset
1171 whichever comes first.
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diff changeset
1172
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parents:
diff changeset
1173 @item
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parents:
diff changeset
1174 When on a widget with no tabbing order specified, go to the next widget
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parents:
diff changeset
1175 in the buffer with a positive tabbing order, or @code{nil}
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parents:
diff changeset
1176 @end enumerate
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parents:
diff changeset
1177
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parents:
diff changeset
1178 @item :parent
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parents:
diff changeset
1179 The parent of a nested widget (e.g., a @code{menu-choice} item or an
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1180 element of a @code{editable-list} widget).
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parents:
diff changeset
1181
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parents:
diff changeset
1182 @item :sibling-args
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parents:
diff changeset
1183 This keyword is only used for members of a @code{radio-button-choice} or
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parents:
diff changeset
1184 @code{checklist}. The value should be a list of extra keyword
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1185 arguments, which will be used when creating the @code{radio-button} or
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parents:
diff changeset
1186 @code{checkbox} associated with this item.
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parents:
diff changeset
1187 @end ignore
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parents:
diff changeset
1188 @end table
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parents:
diff changeset
1189
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parents:
diff changeset
1190 @node Defining New Types
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parents:
diff changeset
1191 @subsection Defining New Types
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1192
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diff changeset
1193 In the previous sections we have described how to construct elaborate
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parents:
diff changeset
1194 type specifications for @code{defcustom}. In some cases you may want
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1195 to give such a type specification a name. The obvious case is when
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parents:
diff changeset
1196 you are using the same type for many user options: rather than repeat
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parents:
diff changeset
1197 the specification for each option, you can give the type specification
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1198 a name, and use that name each @code{defcustom}. The other case is
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1199 when a user option's value is a recursive data structure. To make it
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1200 possible for a datatype to refer to itself, it needs to have a name.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1201
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parents:
diff changeset
1202 Since custom types are implemented as widgets, the way to define a new
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1203 customize type is to define a new widget. We are not going to describe
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1204 the widget interface here in details, see @ref{Top, , Introduction,
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1205 widget, The Emacs Widget Library}, for that. Instead we are going to
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1206 demonstrate the minimal functionality needed for defining new customize
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1207 types by a simple example.
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parents:
diff changeset
1208
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parents:
diff changeset
1209 @example
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parents:
diff changeset
1210 (define-widget 'binary-tree-of-string 'lazy
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parents:
diff changeset
1211 "A binary tree made of cons-cells and strings."
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1212 :offset 4
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parents:
diff changeset
1213 :tag "Node"
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parents:
diff changeset
1214 :type '(choice (string :tag "Leaf" :value "")
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1215 (cons :tag "Interior"
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1216 :value ("" . "")
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parents:
diff changeset
1217 binary-tree-of-string
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parents:
diff changeset
1218 binary-tree-of-string)))
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parents:
diff changeset
1219
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parents:
diff changeset
1220 (defcustom foo-bar ""
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parents:
diff changeset
1221 "Sample variable holding a binary tree of strings."
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1222 :type 'binary-tree-of-string)
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parents:
diff changeset
1223 @end example
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parents:
diff changeset
1224
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parents:
diff changeset
1225 The function to define a new widget is called @code{define-widget}. The
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1226 first argument is the symbol we want to make a new widget type. The
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1227 second argument is a symbol representing an existing widget, the new
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parents:
diff changeset
1228 widget is going to be defined in terms of difference from the existing
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parents:
diff changeset
1229 widget. For the purpose of defining new customization types, the
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1230 @code{lazy} widget is perfect, because it accepts a @code{:type} keyword
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1231 argument with the same syntax as the keyword argument to
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1232 @code{defcustom} with the same name. The third argument is a
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1233 documentation string for the new widget. You will be able to see that
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1234 string with the @kbd{M-x widget-browse @key{RET} binary-tree-of-string
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1235 @key{RET}} command.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1236
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parents:
diff changeset
1237 After these mandatory arguments follow the keyword arguments. The most
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1238 important is @code{:type}, which describes the data type we want to match
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1239 with this widget. Here a @code{binary-tree-of-string} is described as
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1240 being either a string, or a cons-cell whose car and cdr are themselves
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1241 both @code{binary-tree-of-string}. Note the reference to the widget
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1242 type we are currently in the process of defining. The @code{:tag}
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1243 attribute is a string to name the widget in the user interface, and the
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1244 @code{:offset} argument is there to ensure that child nodes are
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1245 indented four spaces relative to the parent node, making the tree
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1246 structure apparent in the customization buffer.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1247
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parents:
diff changeset
1248 The @code{defcustom} shows how the new widget can be used as an ordinary
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parents:
diff changeset
1249 customization type.
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1250
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parents:
diff changeset
1251 The reason for the name @code{lazy} is that the other composite
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parents:
diff changeset
1252 widgets convert their inferior widgets to internal form when the
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parents:
diff changeset
1253 widget is instantiated in a buffer. This conversion is recursive, so
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1254 the inferior widgets will convert @emph{their} inferior widgets. If
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1255 the data structure is itself recursive, this conversion is an infinite
0bd87ef7ba76 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
1256 recursion. The @code{lazy} widget prevents the recursion: it convert
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parents:
diff changeset
1257 its @code{:type} argument only when needed.
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parents:
diff changeset
1258
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parents:
diff changeset
1259 @ignore
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parents:
diff changeset
1260 arch-tag: d1b8fad3-f48c-4ce4-a402-f73b5ef19bd2
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parents:
diff changeset
1261 @end ignore