annotate lispref/customize.texi @ 62240:19d278c4224b

* dnd.el (dnd-protocol-alist): Improve custom type. * dired.el (dired-dnd-protocol-alist): New variable. (dired-mode): Use `dired-dnd-protocol-alist'. Move call of `dired-mode-hook' to the end.
author Reiner Steib <Reiner.Steib@gmx.de>
date Wed, 11 May 2005 19:32:51 +0000
parents 72a73fd3289a
children 8f1f80a5bd64 e1fbb019c538
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1 @c -*-texinfo-*-
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2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual.
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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4 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions.
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5 @setfilename ../info/customize
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6 @node Customization, Loading, Macros, Top
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7 @chapter Writing Customization Definitions
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8
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9 This chapter describes how to declare user options for customization,
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10 and also customization groups for classifying them. We use the term
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11 @dfn{customization item} to include both kinds of customization
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12 definitions---as well as face definitions (@pxref{Defining Faces}).
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13
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14 @menu
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15 * Common Keywords::
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16 * Group Definitions::
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17 * Variable Definitions::
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18 * Customization Types::
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19 @end menu
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20
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21 @node Common Keywords
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22 @section Common Item Keywords
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23
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24 All kinds of customization declarations (for variables and groups, and
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25 for faces) accept keyword arguments for specifying various information.
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26 This section describes some keywords that apply to all kinds.
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27
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28 All of these keywords, except @code{:tag}, can be used more than once
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29 in a given item. Each use of the keyword has an independent effect.
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30 The keyword @code{:tag} is an exception because any given item can only
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31 display one name.
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32
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33 @table @code
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34 @item :tag @var{label}
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35 Use @var{label}, a string, instead of the item's name, to label the item
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36 in customization menus and buffers.
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37
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38 @item :group @var{group}
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39 Put this customization item in group @var{group}. When you use
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40 @code{:group} in a @code{defgroup}, it makes the new group a subgroup of
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41 @var{group}.
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42
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43 If you use this keyword more than once, you can put a single item into
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44 more than one group. Displaying any of those groups will show this
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45 item. Please don't overdo this, since the result would be annoying.
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46
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47 @item :link @var{link-data}
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48 Include an external link after the documentation string for this item.
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49 This is a sentence containing an active field which references some
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50 other documentation.
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51
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52 There are four alternatives you can use for @var{link-data}:
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53
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54 @table @code
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55 @item (custom-manual @var{info-node})
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56 Link to an Info node; @var{info-node} is a string which specifies the
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57 node name, as in @code{"(emacs)Top"}. The link appears as
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58 @samp{[manual]} in the customization buffer.
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59
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60 @item (info-link @var{info-node})
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61 Like @code{custom-manual} except that the link appears
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62 in the customization buffer with the Info node name.
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63
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64 @item (url-link @var{url})
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65 Link to a web page; @var{url} is a string which specifies the @acronym{URL}.
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66 The link appears in the customization buffer as @var{url}.
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67
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68 @item (emacs-commentary-link @var{library})
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69 Link to the commentary section of a library; @var{library} is a string
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70 which specifies the library name.
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71 @end table
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72
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73 You can specify the text to use in the customization buffer by adding
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74 @code{:tag @var{name}} after the first element of the @var{link-data};
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75 for example, @code{(info-link :tag "foo" "(emacs)Top")} makes a link to
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76 the Emacs manual which appears in the buffer as @samp{foo}.
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77
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78 An item can have more than one external link; however, most items have
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79 none at all.
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80
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81 @item :load @var{file}
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82 Load file @var{file} (a string) before displaying this customization
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83 item. Loading is done with @code{load-library}, and only if the file is
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84 not already loaded.
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85
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86 @item :require @var{feature}
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87 Execute @code{(require '@var{feature})} when your saved customizations
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88 set the value of this item. @var{feature} should be a symbol.
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89
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90 The most common reason to use @code{:require} is when a variable enables
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91 a feature such as a minor mode, and just setting the variable won't have
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92 any effect unless the code which implements the mode is loaded.
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93
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94 @item :version @var{version}
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95 This option specifies that the item was first introduced in Emacs
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96 version @var{version}, or that its default value was changed in that
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97 version. The value @var{version} must be a string.
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98 @end table
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99
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100 @node Group Definitions
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101 @section Defining Custom Groups
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102
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103 Each Emacs Lisp package should have one main customization group which
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104 contains all the options, faces and other groups in the package. If the
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105 package has a small number of options and faces, use just one group and
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106 put everything in it. When there are more than twelve or so options and
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107 faces, then you should structure them into subgroups, and put the
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108 subgroups under the package's main customization group. It is OK to
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109 put some of the options and faces in the package's main group alongside
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110 the subgroups.
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111
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112 The package's main or only group should be a member of one or more of
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113 the standard customization groups. (To display the full list of them,
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114 use @kbd{M-x customize}.) Choose one or more of them (but not too
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115 many), and add your group to each of them using the @code{:group}
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116 keyword.
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117
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118 The way to declare new customization groups is with @code{defgroup}.
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119
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120 @defmac defgroup group members doc [keyword value]...
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121 Declare @var{group} as a customization group containing @var{members}.
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122 Do not quote the symbol @var{group}. The argument @var{doc} specifies
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123 the documentation string for the group. It should not start with a
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124 @samp{*} as in @code{defcustom}; that convention is for variables only.
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125
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126 The argument @var{members} is a list specifying an initial set of
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127 customization items to be members of the group. However, most often
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128 @var{members} is @code{nil}, and you specify the group's members by
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129 using the @code{:group} keyword when defining those members.
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130
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131 If you want to specify group members through @var{members}, each element
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132 should have the form @code{(@var{name} @var{widget})}. Here @var{name}
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133 is a symbol, and @var{widget} is a widget type for editing that symbol.
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134 Useful widgets are @code{custom-variable} for a variable,
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135 @code{custom-face} for a face, and @code{custom-group} for a group.
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136
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137 When you introduce a new group into Emacs, use the @code{:version}
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138 keyword in the @code{defgroup}; then you need not use it for
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139 the individual members of the group.
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140
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141 In addition to the common keywords (@pxref{Common Keywords}), you can
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142 also use this keyword in @code{defgroup}:
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143
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144 @table @code
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145 @item :prefix @var{prefix}
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146 If the name of an item in the group starts with @var{prefix}, then the
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147 tag for that item is constructed (by default) by omitting @var{prefix}.
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148
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149 One group can have any number of prefixes.
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150 @end table
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151 @end defmac
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152
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153 The prefix-discarding feature is currently turned off, which means
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154 that @code{:prefix} currently has no effect. We did this because we
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155 found that discarding the specified prefixes often led to confusing
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156 names for options. This happened because the people who wrote the
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157 @code{defgroup} definitions for various groups added @code{:prefix}
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158 keywords whenever they make logical sense---that is, whenever the
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159 variables in the library have a common prefix.
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160
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161 In order to obtain good results with @code{:prefix}, it would be
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162 necessary to check the specific effects of discarding a particular
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163 prefix, given the specific items in a group and their names and
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164 documentation. If the resulting text is not clear, then @code{:prefix}
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165 should not be used in that case.
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166
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167 It should be possible to recheck all the customization groups, delete
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168 the @code{:prefix} specifications which give unclear results, and then
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169 turn this feature back on, if someone would like to do the work.
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170
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171 @node Variable Definitions
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172 @section Defining Customization Variables
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173
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174 Use @code{defcustom} to declare user-editable variables.
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175
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176 @defmac defcustom option default doc [keyword value]@dots{}
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177 Declare @var{option} as a customizable user option variable. Do not
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178 quote @var{option}. The argument @var{doc} specifies the documentation
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179 string for the variable. It should often start with a @samp{*} to mark
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180 it as a @dfn{user option} (@pxref{Defining Variables}). Do not start
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181 the documentation string with @samp{*} for options which cannot or
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182 normally should not be set with @code{set-variable}; examples of the
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183 former are global minor mode options such as
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184 @code{global-font-lock-mode} and examples of the latter are hooks.
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185
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186 If @var{option} is void, @code{defcustom} initializes it to
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187 @var{default}. @var{default} should be an expression to compute the
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188 value; be careful in writing it, because it can be evaluated on more
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189 than one occasion. You should normally avoid using backquotes in
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190 @var{default} because they are not expanded when editing the value,
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191 causing list values to appear to have the wrong structure.
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192
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193 If you specify the @code{:set} option, to make the variable take other
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194 special actions when set through the customization buffer, the
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195 variable's documentation string should tell the user specifically how
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196 to do the same job in hand-written Lisp code.
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197
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198 When you evaluate a @code{defcustom} form with @kbd{C-M-x} in Emacs Lisp
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199 mode (@code{eval-defun}), a special feature of @code{eval-defun}
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200 arranges to set the variable unconditionally, without testing whether
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201 its value is void. (The same feature applies to @code{defvar}.)
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202 @xref{Defining Variables}.
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203 @end defmac
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204
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205 @code{defcustom} accepts the following additional keywords:
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206
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207 @table @code
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208 @item :type @var{type}
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209 Use @var{type} as the data type for this option. It specifies which
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210 values are legitimate, and how to display the value.
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211 @xref{Customization Types}, for more information.
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212
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213 @item :options @var{list}
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214 Specify @var{list} as the list of reasonable values for use in this
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215 option. The user is not restricted to using only these values, but they
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216 are offered as convenient alternatives.
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217
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218 This is meaningful only for certain types, currently including
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219 @code{hook}, @code{plist} and @code{alist}. See the definition of the
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220 individual types for a description of how to use @code{:options}.
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221
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222 @item :set @var{setfunction}
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223 Specify @var{setfunction} as the way to change the value of this
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224 option. The function @var{setfunction} should take two arguments, a
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225 symbol (the option name) and the new value, and should do whatever is
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226 necessary to update the value properly for this option (which may not
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227 mean simply setting the option as a Lisp variable). The default for
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228 @var{setfunction} is @code{set-default}.
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229
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230 @item :get @var{getfunction}
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231 Specify @var{getfunction} as the way to extract the value of this
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232 option. The function @var{getfunction} should take one argument, a
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233 symbol, and should return whatever customize should use as the
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234 ``current value'' for that symbol (which need not be the symbol's Lisp
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235 value). The default is @code{default-value}.
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236
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237 You have to really understand the workings of Custom to use
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238 @code{:get} correctly. It is meant for values that are treated in
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239 Custom as variables but are not actually stored in Lisp variables. It
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240 is almost surely a mistake to specify @code{getfunction} for a value
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241 that really is stored in a Lisp variable.
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242
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243 @item :initialize @var{function}
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244 @var{function} should be a function used to initialize the variable
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245 when the @code{defcustom} is evaluated. It should take two arguments,
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246 the option name (a symbol) and the value. Here are some predefined
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247 functions meant for use in this way:
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248
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249 @table @code
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250 @item custom-initialize-set
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251 Use the variable's @code{:set} function to initialize the variable, but
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252 do not reinitialize it if it is already non-void.
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253
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254 @item custom-initialize-default
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255 Like @code{custom-initialize-set}, but use the function
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256 @code{set-default} to set the variable, instead of the variable's
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257 @code{:set} function. This is the usual choice for a variable whose
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258 @code{:set} function enables or disables a minor mode; with this choice,
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259 defining the variable will not call the minor mode function, but
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260 customizing the variable will do so.
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261
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262 @item custom-initialize-reset
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263 Always use the @code{:set} function to initialize the variable. If
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264 the variable is already non-void, reset it by calling the @code{:set}
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265 function using the current value (returned by the @code{:get} method).
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266 This is the default @code{:initialize} function.
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267
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268 @item custom-initialize-changed
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269 Use the @code{:set} function to initialize the variable, if it is
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270 already set or has been customized; otherwise, just use
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271 @code{set-default}.
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272 @end table
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273
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274 @item :set-after @var{variables}
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275 When setting variables according to saved customizations, make sure to
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276 set the variables @var{variables} before this one; in other words, delay
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277 setting this variable until after those others have been handled. Use
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278 @code{:set-after} if setting this variable won't work properly unless
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279 those other variables already have their intended values.
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280 @end table
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281
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282 The @code{:require} option is useful for an option that turns on the
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283 operation of a certain feature. Assuming that the package is coded to
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284 check the value of the option, you still need to arrange for the package
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285 to be loaded. You can do that with @code{:require}. @xref{Common
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286 Keywords}. Here is an example, from the library @file{saveplace.el}:
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287
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288 @example
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289 (defcustom save-place nil
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290 "*Non-nil means automatically save place in each file..."
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291 :type 'boolean
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292 :require 'saveplace
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293 :group 'save-place)
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294 @end example
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295
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296 If a customization item has a type such as @code{hook} or @code{alist},
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297 which supports @code{:options}, you can add additional options to the
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298 item, outside the @code{defcustom} declaration, by calling
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299 @code{custom-add-option}. For example, if you define a function
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300 @code{my-lisp-mode-initialization} intended to be called from
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301 @code{emacs-lisp-mode-hook}, you might want to add that to the list of
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302 options for @code{emacs-lisp-mode-hook}, but not by editing its
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303 definition. You can do it thus:
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304
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305 @example
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306 (custom-add-option 'emacs-lisp-mode-hook
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307 'my-lisp-mode-initialization)
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308 @end example
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309
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310 @defun custom-add-option symbol option
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311 To the customization @var{symbol}, add @var{option}.
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312
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313 The precise effect of adding @var{option} depends on the customization
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314 type of @var{symbol}.
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315 @end defun
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316
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317 Internally, @code{defcustom} uses the symbol property
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318 @code{standard-value} to record the expression for the default value,
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319 and @code{saved-value} to record the value saved by the user with the
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320 customization buffer. The @code{saved-value} property is actually a
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321 list whose car is an expression which evaluates to the value.
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322
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323 @node Customization Types
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324 @section Customization Types
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325
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326 When you define a user option with @code{defcustom}, you must specify
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327 its @dfn{customization type}. That is a Lisp object which describes (1)
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328 which values are legitimate and (2) how to display the value in the
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329 customization buffer for editing.
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330
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331 You specify the customization type in @code{defcustom} with the
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332 @code{:type} keyword. The argument of @code{:type} is evaluated, but
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333 only once when the @code{defcustom} is executed, so it isn't useful
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334 for the value to vary. Normally we use a quoted constant. For
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335 example:
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336
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337 @example
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338 (defcustom diff-command "diff"
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339 "*The command to use to run diff."
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340 :type '(string)
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341 :group 'diff)
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342 @end example
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343
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344 In general, a customization type is a list whose first element is a
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345 symbol, one of the customization type names defined in the following
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346 sections. After this symbol come a number of arguments, depending on
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347 the symbol. Between the type symbol and its arguments, you can
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348 optionally write keyword-value pairs (@pxref{Type Keywords}).
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349
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350 Some of the type symbols do not use any arguments; those are called
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351 @dfn{simple types}. For a simple type, if you do not use any
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352 keyword-value pairs, you can omit the parentheses around the type
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353 symbol. For example just @code{string} as a customization type is
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354 equivalent to @code{(string)}.
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355
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356 @menu
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357 * Simple Types::
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358 * Composite Types::
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359 * Splicing into Lists::
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360 * Type Keywords::
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361 * Defining New Types::
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362 @end menu
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363
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364 All customization types are implemented as widgets; see @ref{Top, ,
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365 Introduction, widget, The Emacs Widget Library}, for details.
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366
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367 @node Simple Types
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368 @subsection Simple Types
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369
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370 This section describes all the simple customization types.
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371
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372 @table @code
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373 @item sexp
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374 The value may be any Lisp object that can be printed and read back. You
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375 can use @code{sexp} as a fall-back for any option, if you don't want to
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376 take the time to work out a more specific type to use.
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377
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378 @item integer
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379 The value must be an integer, and is represented textually
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380 in the customization buffer.
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381
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382 @item number
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383 The value must be a number (floating point or integer), and is
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384 represented textually in the customization buffer.
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385
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386 @item float
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387 The value must be a floating point number, and is represented
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388 textually in the customization buffer.
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389
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390 @item string
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391 The value must be a string, and the customization buffer shows just the
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392 contents, with no delimiting @samp{"} characters and no quoting with
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393 @samp{\}.
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394
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395 @item regexp
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396 Like @code{string} except that the string must be a valid regular
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397 expression.
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398
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399 @item character
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400 The value must be a character code. A character code is actually an
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401 integer, but this type shows the value by inserting the character in the
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402 buffer, rather than by showing the number.
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403
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404 @item file
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405 The value must be a file name, and you can do completion with
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406 @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}.
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407
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408 @item (file :must-match t)
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409 The value must be a file name for an existing file, and you can do
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410 completion with @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}.
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411
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412 @item directory
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413 The value must be a directory name, and you can do completion with
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414 @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}.
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415
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416 @item hook
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417 The value must be a list of functions (or a single function, but that is
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418 obsolete usage). This customization type is used for hook variables.
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419 You can use the @code{:options} keyword in a hook variable's
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420 @code{defcustom} to specify a list of functions recommended for use in
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421 the hook; see @ref{Variable Definitions}.
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422
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423 @item alist
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424 The value must be a list of cons-cells, the @sc{car} of each cell
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425 representing a key, and the @sc{cdr} of the same cell representing an
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426 associated value. The user can add and delete key/value pairs, and
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427 edit both the key and the value of each pair.
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428
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429 You can specify the key and value types like this:
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430
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431 @smallexample
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432 (alist :key-type @var{key-type} :value-type @var{value-type})
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433 @end smallexample
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434
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435 @noindent
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436 where @var{key-type} and @var{value-type} are customization type
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437 specifications. The default key type is @code{sexp}, and the default
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438 value type is @code{sexp}.
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439
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440 The user can add any key matching the specified key type, but you can
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441 give some keys a preferential treatment by specifying them with the
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442 @code{:options} (see @ref{Variable Definitions}). The specified keys
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443 will always be shown in the customize buffer (together with a suitable
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444 value), with a checkbox to include or exclude or disable the key/value
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445 pair from the alist. The user will not be able to edit the keys
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446 specified by the @code{:options} keyword argument.
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447
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448 The argument to the @code{:options} keywords should be a list of option
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449 specifications. Ordinarily, the options are simply atoms, which are the
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450 specified keys. For example:
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451
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452 @smallexample
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453 :options '("foo" "bar" "baz")
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454 @end smallexample
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455
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456 @noindent
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457 specifies that there are three ``known'' keys, namely @code{"foo"},
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458 @code{"bar"} and @code{"baz"}, which will always be shown first.
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459
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460 You may want to restrict the value type for specific keys, for example,
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461 the value associated with the @code{"bar"} key can only be an integer.
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462 You can specify this by using a list instead of an atom in the option
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463 specification. The first element will specify the key, like before,
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464 while the second element will specify the value type.
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465
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466 @smallexample
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467 :options '("foo" ("bar" integer) "baz")
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468 @end smallexample
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469
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470 Finally, you may want to change how the key is presented. By default,
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471 the key is simply shown as a @code{const}, since the user cannot change
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472 the special keys specified with the @code{:options} keyword. However,
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473 you may want to use a more specialized type for presenting the key, like
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474 @code{function-item} if you know it is a symbol with a function binding.
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475 This is done by using a customization type specification instead of a
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476 symbol for the key.
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477
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478 @smallexample
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479 :options '("foo" ((function-item some-function) integer) "baz")
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480 @end smallexample
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481
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482 Many alists use lists with two elements, instead of cons cells. For
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483 example,
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484
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485 @smallexample
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486 (defcustom list-alist '(("foo" 1) ("bar" 2) ("baz" 3))
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487 "Each element is a list of the form (KEY VALUE).")
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488 @end smallexample
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489
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490 @noindent
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491 instead of
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492
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493 @smallexample
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494 (defcustom cons-alist '(("foo" . 1) ("bar" . 2) ("baz" . 3))
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495 "Each element is a cons-cell (KEY . VALUE).")
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496 @end smallexample
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497
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498 Because of the way lists are implemented on top of cons cells, you can
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499 treat @code{list-alist} in the example above as a cons cell alist, where
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500 the value type is a list with a single element containing the real
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501 value.
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502
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503 @smallexample
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504 (defcustom list-alist '(("foo" 1) ("bar" 2) ("baz" 3))
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505 "Each element is a list of the form (KEY VALUE)."
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506 :type '(alist :value-type (group integer)))
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507 @end smallexample
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508
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509 The @code{group} widget is used here instead of @code{list} only because
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510 the formatting is better suited for the purpose.
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511
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512 Similarly, you can have alists with more values associated with each
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513 key, using variations of this trick:
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514
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515 @smallexample
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516 (defcustom person-data '(("brian" 50 t)
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517 ("dorith" 55 nil)
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518 ("ken" 52 t))
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519 "Alist of basic info about people.
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520 Each element has the form (NAME AGE MALE-FLAG)."
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521 :type '(alist :value-type (group integer boolean)))
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522
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523 (defcustom pets '(("brian")
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524 ("dorith" "dog" "guppy")
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525 ("ken" "cat"))
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526 "Alist of people's pets.
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527 In an element (KEY . VALUE), KEY is the person's name,
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528 and the VALUE is a list of that person's pets."
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529 :type '(alist :value-type (repeat string)))
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530 @end smallexample
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531
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532 @item plist
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533 The @code{plist} custom type is similar to the @code{alist} (see above),
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534 except that the information is stored as a property list, i.e. a list of
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535 this form:
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536
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537 @smallexample
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538 (@var{key} @var{value} @var{key} @var{value} @var{key} @var{value} @dots{})
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539 @end smallexample
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540
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541 The default @code{:key-type} for @code{plist} is @code{symbol},
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542 rather than @code{sexp}.
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543
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544 @item symbol
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545 The value must be a symbol. It appears in the customization buffer as
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546 the name of the symbol.
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547
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548 @item function
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549 The value must be either a lambda expression or a function name. When
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550 it is a function name, you can do completion with @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}.
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551
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552 @item variable
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553 The value must be a variable name, and you can do completion with
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554 @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}.
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555
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556 @item face
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557 The value must be a symbol which is a face name, and you can do
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558 completion with @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}.
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559
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560 @item boolean
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561 The value is boolean---either @code{nil} or @code{t}. Note that by
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562 using @code{choice} and @code{const} together (see the next section),
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563 you can specify that the value must be @code{nil} or @code{t}, but also
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564 specify the text to describe each value in a way that fits the specific
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565 meaning of the alternative.
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566
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567 @item coding-system
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568 The value must be a coding-system name, and you can do completion with
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569 @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}.
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570
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571 @item color
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572 The value must be a valid color name, and you can do completion with
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573 @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}. A sample is provided.
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574 @end table
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575
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576 @node Composite Types
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577 @subsection Composite Types
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578 @cindex arguments (of composite type)
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579
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580 When none of the simple types is appropriate, you can use composite
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581 types, which build new types from other types or from specified data.
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582 The specified types or data are called the @dfn{arguments} of the
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583 composite type. The composite type normally looks like this:
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584
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585 @example
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586 (@var{constructor} @var{arguments}@dots{})
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587 @end example
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588
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589 @noindent
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590 but you can also add keyword-value pairs before the arguments, like
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591 this:
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592
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593 @example
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594 (@var{constructor} @r{@{}@var{keyword} @var{value}@r{@}}@dots{} @var{arguments}@dots{})
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595 @end example
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596
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597 Here is a table of constructors and how to use them to write
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598 composite types:
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599
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600 @table @code
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601 @item (cons @var{car-type} @var{cdr-type})
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602 The value must be a cons cell, its @sc{car} must fit @var{car-type}, and
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603 its @sc{cdr} must fit @var{cdr-type}. For example, @code{(cons string
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604 symbol)} is a customization type which matches values such as
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605 @code{("foo" . foo)}.
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606
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607 In the customization buffer, the @sc{car} and the @sc{cdr} are
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608 displayed and edited separately, each according to the type
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609 that you specify for it.
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610
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611 @item (list @var{element-types}@dots{})
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612 The value must be a list with exactly as many elements as the
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613 @var{element-types} you have specified; and each element must fit the
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614 corresponding @var{element-type}.
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615
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616 For example, @code{(list integer string function)} describes a list of
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617 three elements; the first element must be an integer, the second a
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618 string, and the third a function.
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619
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620 In the customization buffer, each element is displayed and edited
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621 separately, according to the type specified for it.
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622
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623 @item (vector @var{element-types}@dots{})
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624 Like @code{list} except that the value must be a vector instead of a
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625 list. The elements work the same as in @code{list}.
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626
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627 @item (choice @var{alternative-types}@dots{})
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628 The value must fit at least one of @var{alternative-types}.
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629 For example, @code{(choice integer string)} allows either an
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630 integer or a string.
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631
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632 In the customization buffer, the user selects one of the alternatives
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633 using a menu, and can then edit the value in the usual way for that
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634 alternative.
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635
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636 Normally the strings in this menu are determined automatically from the
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637 choices; however, you can specify different strings for the menu by
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638 including the @code{:tag} keyword in the alternatives. For example, if
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639 an integer stands for a number of spaces, while a string is text to use
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640 verbatim, you might write the customization type this way,
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641
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642 @example
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643 (choice (integer :tag "Number of spaces")
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644 (string :tag "Literal text"))
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645 @end example
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646
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647 @noindent
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648 so that the menu offers @samp{Number of spaces} and @samp{Literal text}.
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649
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650 In any alternative for which @code{nil} is not a valid value, other than
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651 a @code{const}, you should specify a valid default for that alternative
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652 using the @code{:value} keyword. @xref{Type Keywords}.
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653
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654 If some values are covered by more than one of the alternatives,
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655 customize will choose the first alternative that the value fits. This
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656 means you should always list the most specific types first, and the
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657 most general last. Here's an example of proper usage:
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658
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659 @example
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660 (choice (const :tag "Off" nil) symbol (sexp :tag "Other"))
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661 @end example
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662
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663 @noindent
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664 This way, the special value @code{nil} is not treated like other
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diff changeset
665 symbols, and symbols are not treated like other Lisp expressions.
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666
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667 @item (radio @var{element-types}@dots{})
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diff changeset
668 This is similar to @code{choice}, except that the choices are displayed
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parents: 33150
diff changeset
669 using `radio buttons' rather than a menu. This has the advantage of
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diff changeset
670 displaying documentation for the choices when applicable and so is often
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parents: 33150
diff changeset
671 a good choice for a choice between constant functions
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diff changeset
672 (@code{function-item} customization types).
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diff changeset
673
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674 @item (const @var{value})
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675 The value must be @var{value}---nothing else is allowed.
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676
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677 The main use of @code{const} is inside of @code{choice}. For example,
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678 @code{(choice integer (const nil))} allows either an integer or
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679 @code{nil}.
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680
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681 @code{:tag} is often used with @code{const}, inside of @code{choice}.
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682 For example,
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683
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684 @example
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685 (choice (const :tag "Yes" t)
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686 (const :tag "No" nil)
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687 (const :tag "Ask" foo))
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688 @end example
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689
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690 @noindent
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diff changeset
691 describes a variable for which @code{t} means yes, @code{nil} means no,
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diff changeset
692 and @code{foo} means ``ask.''
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693
a9820c4e8c9e Describe widget type `other'.
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diff changeset
694 @item (other @var{value})
a9820c4e8c9e Describe widget type `other'.
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diff changeset
695 This alternative can match any Lisp value, but if the user chooses this
a9820c4e8c9e Describe widget type `other'.
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parents: 22274
diff changeset
696 alternative, that selects the value @var{value}.
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697
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diff changeset
698 The main use of @code{other} is as the last element of @code{choice}.
a9820c4e8c9e Describe widget type `other'.
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parents: 22274
diff changeset
699 For example,
a9820c4e8c9e Describe widget type `other'.
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parents: 22274
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700
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diff changeset
701 @example
a9820c4e8c9e Describe widget type `other'.
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parents: 22274
diff changeset
702 (choice (const :tag "Yes" t)
a9820c4e8c9e Describe widget type `other'.
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parents: 22274
diff changeset
703 (const :tag "No" nil)
a9820c4e8c9e Describe widget type `other'.
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diff changeset
704 (other :tag "Ask" foo))
a9820c4e8c9e Describe widget type `other'.
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parents: 22274
diff changeset
705 @end example
a9820c4e8c9e Describe widget type `other'.
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parents: 22274
diff changeset
706
a9820c4e8c9e Describe widget type `other'.
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diff changeset
707 @noindent
a9820c4e8c9e Describe widget type `other'.
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diff changeset
708 describes a variable for which @code{t} means yes, @code{nil} means no,
a9820c4e8c9e Describe widget type `other'.
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parents: 22274
diff changeset
709 and anything else means ``ask.'' If the user chooses @samp{Ask} from
a9820c4e8c9e Describe widget type `other'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22274
diff changeset
710 the menu of alternatives, that specifies the value @code{foo}; but any
a9820c4e8c9e Describe widget type `other'.
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parents: 22274
diff changeset
711 other value (not @code{t}, @code{nil} or @code{foo}) displays as
a9820c4e8c9e Describe widget type `other'.
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parents: 22274
diff changeset
712 @samp{Ask}, just like @code{foo}.
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diff changeset
713
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714 @item (function-item @var{function})
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715 Like @code{const}, but used for values which are functions. This
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716 displays the documentation string as well as the function name.
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diff changeset
717 The documentation string is either the one you specify with
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diff changeset
718 @code{:doc}, or @var{function}'s own documentation string.
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719
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720 @item (variable-item @var{variable})
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721 Like @code{const}, but used for values which are variable names. This
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722 displays the documentation string as well as the variable name. The
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diff changeset
723 documentation string is either the one you specify with @code{:doc}, or
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diff changeset
724 @var{variable}'s own documentation string.
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725
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726 @item (set @var{types}@dots{})
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727 The value must be a list, and each element of the list must match one of
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diff changeset
728 the @var{types} specified.
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729
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diff changeset
730 This appears in the customization buffer as a checklist, so that each of
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diff changeset
731 @var{types} may have either one corresponding element or none. It is
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diff changeset
732 not possible to specify two different elements that match the same one
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diff changeset
733 of @var{types}. For example, @code{(set integer symbol)} allows one
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diff changeset
734 integer and/or one symbol in the list; it does not allow multiple
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diff changeset
735 integers or multiple symbols. As a result, it is rare to use
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diff changeset
736 nonspecific types such as @code{integer} in a @code{set}.
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737
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diff changeset
738 Most often, the @var{types} in a @code{set} are @code{const} types, as
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diff changeset
739 shown here:
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740
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diff changeset
741 @example
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diff changeset
742 (set (const :bold) (const :italic))
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743 @end example
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744
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diff changeset
745 Sometimes they describe possible elements in an alist:
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diff changeset
746
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diff changeset
747 @example
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diff changeset
748 (set (cons :tag "Height" (const height) integer)
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diff changeset
749 (cons :tag "Width" (const width) integer))
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diff changeset
750 @end example
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751
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752 @noindent
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diff changeset
753 That lets the user specify a height value optionally
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diff changeset
754 and a width value optionally.
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755
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756 @item (repeat @var{element-type})
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757 The value must be a list and each element of the list must fit the type
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758 @var{element-type}. This appears in the customization buffer as a
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diff changeset
759 list of elements, with @samp{[INS]} and @samp{[DEL]} buttons for adding
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parents:
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760 more elements or removing elements.
46643
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
761
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
762 @item (restricted-sexp :match-alternatives @var{criteria})
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
763 This is the most general composite type construct. The value may be
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
764 any Lisp object that satisfies one of @var{criteria}. @var{criteria}
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
765 should be a list, and each element should be one of these
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
766 possibilities:
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
767
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
768 @itemize @bullet
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
769 @item
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
770 A predicate---that is, a function of one argument that has no side
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
771 effects, and returns either @code{nil} or non-@code{nil} according to
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
772 the argument. Using a predicate in the list says that objects for which
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
773 the predicate returns non-@code{nil} are acceptable.
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
774
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
775 @item
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
776 A quoted constant---that is, @code{'@var{object}}. This sort of element
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
777 in the list says that @var{object} itself is an acceptable value.
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
778 @end itemize
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
779
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
780 For example,
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
781
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
782 @example
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
783 (restricted-sexp :match-alternatives
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
784 (integerp 't 'nil))
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
785 @end example
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
786
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
787 @noindent
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
788 allows integers, @code{t} and @code{nil} as legitimate values.
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
789
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
790 The customization buffer shows all legitimate values using their read
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
791 syntax, and the user edits them textually.
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
792 @end table
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
793
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
794 Here is a table of the keywords you can use in keyword-value pairs
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
795 in a composite type:
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diff changeset
796
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
797 @table @code
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
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diff changeset
798 @item :tag @var{tag}
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
799 Use @var{tag} as the name of this alternative, for user communication
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
800 purposes. This is useful for a type that appears inside of a
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
801 @code{choice}.
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
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parents: 44142
diff changeset
802
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
803 @item :match-alternatives @var{criteria}
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
804 Use @var{criteria} to match possible values. This is used only in
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
805 @code{restricted-sexp}.
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
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parents: 44142
diff changeset
806
58495
a30209899fa0 (Variable Definitions): Replace show-paren-mode example with tooltip-mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
807 @item :args @var{argument-list}
a30209899fa0 (Variable Definitions): Replace show-paren-mode example with tooltip-mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
808 Use the elements of @var{argument-list} as the arguments of the type
46643
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parents: 44142
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809 construct. For instance, @code{(const :args (foo))} is equivalent to
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44142
diff changeset
810 @code{(const foo)}. You rarely need to write @code{:args} explicitly,
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
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parents: 44142
diff changeset
811 because normally the arguments are recognized automatically as
7715f3004d93 (Composite Types): Explain what arguments are. Show what keyword-value
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diff changeset
812 whatever follows the last keyword-value pair.
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813 @end table
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814
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diff changeset
815 @node Splicing into Lists
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diff changeset
816 @subsection Splicing into Lists
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diff changeset
817
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diff changeset
818 The @code{:inline} feature lets you splice a variable number of
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parents:
diff changeset
819 elements into the middle of a list or vector. You use it in a
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diff changeset
820 @code{set}, @code{choice} or @code{repeat} type which appears among the
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diff changeset
821 element-types of a @code{list} or @code{vector}.
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diff changeset
822
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823 Normally, each of the element-types in a @code{list} or @code{vector}
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diff changeset
824 describes one and only one element of the list or vector. Thus, if an
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diff changeset
825 element-type is a @code{repeat}, that specifies a list of unspecified
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diff changeset
826 length which appears as one element.
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827
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828 But when the element-type uses @code{:inline}, the value it matches is
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829 merged directly into the containing sequence. For example, if it
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830 matches a list with three elements, those become three elements of the
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diff changeset
831 overall sequence. This is analogous to using @samp{,@@} in the backquote
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parents:
diff changeset
832 construct.
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833
46809
a7c081b4fc3c 2002-08-05 Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
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diff changeset
834 For example, to specify a list whose first element must be @code{baz}
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diff changeset
835 and whose remaining arguments should be zero or more of @code{foo} and
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diff changeset
836 @code{bar}, use this customization type:
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837
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838 @example
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a7c081b4fc3c 2002-08-05 Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
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diff changeset
839 (list (const baz) (set :inline t (const foo) (const bar)))
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840 @end example
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841
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842 @noindent
46809
a7c081b4fc3c 2002-08-05 Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
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843 This matches values such as @code{(baz)}, @code{(baz foo)}, @code{(baz bar)}
a7c081b4fc3c 2002-08-05 Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
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diff changeset
844 and @code{(baz foo bar)}.
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845
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846 When the element-type is a @code{choice}, you use @code{:inline} not
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diff changeset
847 in the @code{choice} itself, but in (some of) the alternatives of the
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parents:
diff changeset
848 @code{choice}. For example, to match a list which must start with a
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parents:
diff changeset
849 file name, followed either by the symbol @code{t} or two strings, use
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diff changeset
850 this customization type:
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diff changeset
851
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852 @example
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diff changeset
853 (list file
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diff changeset
854 (choice (const t)
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diff changeset
855 (list :inline t string string)))
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diff changeset
856 @end example
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857
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858 @noindent
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859 If the user chooses the first alternative in the choice, then the
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860 overall list has two elements and the second element is @code{t}. If
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861 the user chooses the second alternative, then the overall list has three
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862 elements and the second and third must be strings.
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863
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864 @node Type Keywords
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diff changeset
865 @subsection Type Keywords
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866
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867 You can specify keyword-argument pairs in a customization type after the
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868 type name symbol. Here are the keywords you can use, and their
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diff changeset
869 meanings:
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870
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871 @table @code
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diff changeset
872 @item :value @var{default}
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diff changeset
873 This is used for a type that appears as an alternative inside of
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90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
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874 @code{choice}; it specifies the default value to use, at first, if and
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diff changeset
875 when the user selects this alternative with the menu in the
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diff changeset
876 customization buffer.
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diff changeset
877
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878 Of course, if the actual value of the option fits this alternative, it
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diff changeset
879 will appear showing the actual value, not @var{default}.
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diff changeset
880
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90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
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diff changeset
881 If @code{nil} is not a valid value for the alternative, then it is
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
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diff changeset
882 essential to specify a valid default with @code{:value}.
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
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diff changeset
883
21006
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884 @item :format @var{format-string}
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diff changeset
885 This string will be inserted in the buffer to represent the value
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886 corresponding to the type. The following @samp{%} escapes are available
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887 for use in @var{format-string}:
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diff changeset
888
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diff changeset
889 @table @samp
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diff changeset
890 @item %[@var{button}%]
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diff changeset
891 Display the text @var{button} marked as a button. The @code{:action}
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diff changeset
892 attribute specifies what the button will do if the user invokes it;
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diff changeset
893 its value is a function which takes two arguments---the widget which
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diff changeset
894 the button appears in, and the event.
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diff changeset
895
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896 There is no way to specify two different buttons with different
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
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diff changeset
897 actions.
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diff changeset
898
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diff changeset
899 @item %@{@var{sample}%@}
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diff changeset
900 Show @var{sample} in a special face specified by @code{:sample-face}.
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diff changeset
901
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902 @item %v
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903 Substitute the item's value. How the value is represented depends on
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diff changeset
904 the kind of item, and (for variables) on the customization type.
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diff changeset
905
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diff changeset
906 @item %d
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diff changeset
907 Substitute the item's documentation string.
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diff changeset
908
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diff changeset
909 @item %h
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diff changeset
910 Like @samp{%d}, but if the documentation string is more than one line,
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diff changeset
911 add an active field to control whether to show all of it or just the
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diff changeset
912 first line.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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913
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parents:
diff changeset
914 @item %t
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parents:
diff changeset
915 Substitute the tag here. You specify the tag with the @code{:tag}
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
916 keyword.
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parents:
diff changeset
917
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parents:
diff changeset
918 @item %%
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48711
diff changeset
919 Display a literal @samp{%}.
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parents:
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920 @end table
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parents:
diff changeset
921
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90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21006
diff changeset
922 @item :action @var{action}
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21006
diff changeset
923 Perform @var{action} if the user clicks on a button.
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parents:
diff changeset
924
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21006
diff changeset
925 @item :button-face @var{face}
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21006
diff changeset
926 Use the face @var{face} (a face name or a list of face names) for button
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21006
diff changeset
927 text displayed with @samp{%[@dots{}%]}.
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21006
diff changeset
928
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21006
diff changeset
929 @item :button-prefix @var{prefix}
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21006
diff changeset
930 @itemx :button-suffix @var{suffix}
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
931 These specify the text to display before and after a button.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
932 Each can be:
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parents:
diff changeset
933
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parents:
diff changeset
934 @table @asis
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
935 @item @code{nil}
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
936 No text is inserted.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
937
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
938 @item a string
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
939 The string is inserted literally.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
940
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
941 @item a symbol
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
942 The symbol's value is used.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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943 @end table
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parents:
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944
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21006
diff changeset
945 @item :tag @var{tag}
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21006
diff changeset
946 Use @var{tag} (a string) as the tag for the value (or part of the value)
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21006
diff changeset
947 that corresponds to this type.
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parents:
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948
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parents: 21006
diff changeset
949 @item :doc @var{doc}
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21006
diff changeset
950 Use @var{doc} as the documentation string for this value (or part of the
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21006
diff changeset
951 value) that corresponds to this type. In order for this to work, you
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21006
diff changeset
952 must specify a value for @code{:format}, and use @samp{%d} or @samp{%h}
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21006
diff changeset
953 in that value.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21006
diff changeset
954
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21006
diff changeset
955 The usual reason to specify a documentation string for a type is to
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21006
diff changeset
956 provide more information about the meanings of alternatives inside a
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21006
diff changeset
957 @code{:choice} type or the parts of some other composite type.
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parents:
diff changeset
958
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parents:
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959 @item :help-echo @var{motion-doc}
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parents:
diff changeset
960 When you move to this item with @code{widget-forward} or
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1d1ab0dfb528 :help-echo needn't be a string.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28398
diff changeset
961 @code{widget-backward}, it will display the string @var{motion-doc} in
1d1ab0dfb528 :help-echo needn't be a string.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28398
diff changeset
962 the echo area. In addition, @var{motion-doc} is used as the mouse
1d1ab0dfb528 :help-echo needn't be a string.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28398
diff changeset
963 @code{help-echo} string and may actually be a function or form evaluated
52267
248944d84147 (Type Keywords): Correct the description of `:help-echo' in the case
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 50475
diff changeset
964 to yield a help string. If it is a function, it is called with one
248944d84147 (Type Keywords): Correct the description of `:help-echo' in the case
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 50475
diff changeset
965 argument, the widget.
59768
56ad3ca04692 (Type Keywords): Uncomment the xref to the help-echo property documentation.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 58495
diff changeset
966 @xref{Text help-echo}.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
967
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parents:
diff changeset
968 @item :match @var{function}
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21006
diff changeset
969 Specify how to decide whether a value matches the type. The
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21006
diff changeset
970 corresponding value, @var{function}, should be a function that accepts
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21006
diff changeset
971 two arguments, a widget and a value; it should return non-@code{nil} if
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21006
diff changeset
972 the value is acceptable.
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parents:
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973
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parents:
diff changeset
974 @ignore
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parents:
diff changeset
975 @item :indent @var{columns}
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
976 Indent this item by @var{columns} columns. The indentation is used for
00022857f529 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
977 @samp{%n}, and automatically for group names, for checklists and radio
00022857f529 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
978 buttons, and for editable lists. It affects the whole of the
00022857f529 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
979 item except for the first line.
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parents:
diff changeset
980
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parents:
diff changeset
981 @item :offset @var{columns}
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parents:
diff changeset
982 An integer indicating how many extra spaces to indent the subitems of
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
983 this item. By default, subitems are indented the same as their parent.
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parents:
diff changeset
984
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parents:
diff changeset
985 @item :extra-offset
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parents:
diff changeset
986 An integer indicating how many extra spaces to add to this item's
00022857f529 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
987 indentation, compared to its parent.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
988
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parents:
diff changeset
989 @item :notify
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
990 A function called each time the item or a subitem is changed. The
00022857f529 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
991 function is called with two or three arguments. The first argument is
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
992 the item itself, the second argument is the item that was changed, and
00022857f529 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
993 the third argument is the event leading to the change, if any.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
994
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parents:
diff changeset
995 @item :menu-tag
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43477
diff changeset
996 A tag used in the menu when the widget is used as an option in a
21006
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
997 @code{menu-choice} widget.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
998
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parents:
diff changeset
999 @item :menu-tag-get
44142
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43477
diff changeset
1000 A function used for finding the tag when the widget is used as an option
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1001 in a @code{menu-choice} widget. By default, the tag used will be either the
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1002 @code{:menu-tag} or @code{:tag} property if present, or the @code{princ}
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1003 representation of the @code{:value} property if not.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1004
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parents:
diff changeset
1005 @item :validate
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43477
diff changeset
1006 A function which takes a widget as an argument, and return @code{nil}
ad5105ded8ed (Type Keywords): Minor corrections and cleanups.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43477
diff changeset
1007 if the widget's current value is valid for the widget. Otherwise, it
ad5105ded8ed (Type Keywords): Minor corrections and cleanups.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43477
diff changeset
1008 should return the widget containing the invalid data, and set that
ad5105ded8ed (Type Keywords): Minor corrections and cleanups.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43477
diff changeset
1009 widget's @code{:error} property to a string explaining the error.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1010
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parents:
diff changeset
1011 You can use the function @code{widget-children-validate} for this job;
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1012 it tests that all children of @var{widget} are valid.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1013
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parents:
diff changeset
1014 @item :tab-order
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parents:
diff changeset
1015 Specify the order in which widgets are traversed with
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1016 @code{widget-forward} or @code{widget-backward}. This is only partially
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1017 implemented.
00022857f529 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1018
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1019 @enumerate a
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1020 @item
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parents:
diff changeset
1021 Widgets with tabbing order @code{-1} are ignored.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1022
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48711
diff changeset
1023 @item
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parents:
diff changeset
1024 (Unimplemented) When on a widget with tabbing order @var{n}, go to the
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1025 next widget in the buffer with tabbing order @var{n+1} or @code{nil},
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1026 whichever comes first.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1027
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parents:
diff changeset
1028 @item
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parents:
diff changeset
1029 When on a widget with no tabbing order specified, go to the next widget
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parents:
diff changeset
1030 in the buffer with a positive tabbing order, or @code{nil}
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parents:
diff changeset
1031 @end enumerate
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parents:
diff changeset
1032
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parents:
diff changeset
1033 @item :parent
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1034 The parent of a nested widget (e.g., a @code{menu-choice} item or an
21006
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parents:
diff changeset
1035 element of a @code{editable-list} widget).
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parents:
diff changeset
1036
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parents:
diff changeset
1037 @item :sibling-args
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parents:
diff changeset
1038 This keyword is only used for members of a @code{radio-button-choice} or
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1039 @code{checklist}. The value should be a list of extra keyword
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1040 arguments, which will be used when creating the @code{radio-button} or
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1041 @code{checkbox} associated with this item.
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parents:
diff changeset
1042 @end ignore
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parents:
diff changeset
1043 @end table
52401
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 52267
diff changeset
1044
53319
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1045 @node Defining New Types
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1046 @subsection Defining New Types
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1047
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1048 In the previous sections we have described how to construct elaborate
58495
a30209899fa0 (Variable Definitions): Replace show-paren-mode example with tooltip-mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56235
diff changeset
1049 type specifications for @code{defcustom}. In some cases you may want
a30209899fa0 (Variable Definitions): Replace show-paren-mode example with tooltip-mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56235
diff changeset
1050 to give such a type specification a name. The obvious case is when
a30209899fa0 (Variable Definitions): Replace show-paren-mode example with tooltip-mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56235
diff changeset
1051 you are using the same type for many user options: rather than repeat
a30209899fa0 (Variable Definitions): Replace show-paren-mode example with tooltip-mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56235
diff changeset
1052 the specification for each option, you can give the type specification
a30209899fa0 (Variable Definitions): Replace show-paren-mode example with tooltip-mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56235
diff changeset
1053 a name, and use that name each @code{defcustom}. The other case is
a30209899fa0 (Variable Definitions): Replace show-paren-mode example with tooltip-mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56235
diff changeset
1054 when a user option's value is a recursive data structure. To make it
53319
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1055 possible for a datatype to refer to itself, it needs to have a name.
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1056
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1057 Since custom types are implemented as widgets, the way to define a new
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1058 customize type is to define a new widget. We are not going to describe
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1059 the widget interface here in details, see @ref{Top, , Introduction,
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1060 widget, The Emacs Widget Library}, for that. Instead we are going to
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1061 demonstrate the minimal functionality needed for defining new customize
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1062 types by a simple example.
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1063
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1064 @example
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1065 (define-widget 'binary-tree-of-string 'lazy
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1066 "A binary tree made of cons-cells and strings."
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1067 :offset 4
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1068 :tag "Node"
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1069 :type '(choice (string :tag "Leaf" :value "")
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1070 (cons :tag "Interior"
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Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents: 53319
diff changeset
1071 :value ("" . "")
53319
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1072 binary-tree-of-string
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1073 binary-tree-of-string)))
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1074
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1075 (defcustom foo-bar ""
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1076 "Sample variable holding a binary tree of strings."
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1077 :type 'binary-tree-of-string)
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1078 @end example
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1079
58495
a30209899fa0 (Variable Definitions): Replace show-paren-mode example with tooltip-mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56235
diff changeset
1080 The function to define a new widget is called @code{define-widget}. The
53319
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1081 first argument is the symbol we want to make a new widget type. The
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1082 second argument is a symbol representing an existing widget, the new
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1083 widget is going to be defined in terms of difference from the existing
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1084 widget. For the purpose of defining new customization types, the
58495
a30209899fa0 (Variable Definitions): Replace show-paren-mode example with tooltip-mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56235
diff changeset
1085 @code{lazy} widget is perfect, because it accepts a @code{:type} keyword
53319
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1086 argument with the same syntax as the keyword argument to
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1087 @code{defcustom} with the same name. The third argument is a
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1088 documentation string for the new widget. You will be able to see that
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1089 string with the @kbd{M-x widget-browse @key{ret} binary-tree-of-string
54299
9856d5a15940 Fix typo.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents: 53319
diff changeset
1090 @key{ret}} command.
53319
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1091
58495
a30209899fa0 (Variable Definitions): Replace show-paren-mode example with tooltip-mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56235
diff changeset
1092 After these mandatory arguments follow the keyword arguments. The most
a30209899fa0 (Variable Definitions): Replace show-paren-mode example with tooltip-mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56235
diff changeset
1093 important is @code{:type}, which describes the data type we want to match
53319
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1094 with this widget. Here a @code{binary-tree-of-string} is described as
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1095 being either a string, or a cons-cell whose car and cdr are themselves
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1096 both @code{binary-tree-of-string}. Note the reference to the widget
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1097 type we are currently in the process of defining. The @code{:tag}
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1098 attribute is a string to name the widget in the user interface, and the
58495
a30209899fa0 (Variable Definitions): Replace show-paren-mode example with tooltip-mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56235
diff changeset
1099 @code{:offset} argument is there to ensure that child nodes are
a30209899fa0 (Variable Definitions): Replace show-paren-mode example with tooltip-mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56235
diff changeset
1100 indented four spaces relative to the parent node, making the tree
53319
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1101 structure apparent in the customization buffer.
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1102
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1103 The @code{defcustom} shows how the new widget can be used as an ordinary
54299
9856d5a15940 Fix typo.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents: 53319
diff changeset
1104 customization type.
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36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1105
58495
a30209899fa0 (Variable Definitions): Replace show-paren-mode example with tooltip-mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56235
diff changeset
1106 The reason for the name @code{lazy} is that the other composite
a30209899fa0 (Variable Definitions): Replace show-paren-mode example with tooltip-mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56235
diff changeset
1107 widgets convert their inferior widgets to internal form when the
a30209899fa0 (Variable Definitions): Replace show-paren-mode example with tooltip-mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56235
diff changeset
1108 widget is instantiated in a buffer. This conversion is recursive, so
a30209899fa0 (Variable Definitions): Replace show-paren-mode example with tooltip-mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56235
diff changeset
1109 the inferior widgets will convert @emph{their} inferior widgets. If
a30209899fa0 (Variable Definitions): Replace show-paren-mode example with tooltip-mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56235
diff changeset
1110 the data structure is itself recursive, this conversion is an infinite
a30209899fa0 (Variable Definitions): Replace show-paren-mode example with tooltip-mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56235
diff changeset
1111 recursion. The @code{lazy} widget prevents the recursion: it convert
a30209899fa0 (Variable Definitions): Replace show-paren-mode example with tooltip-mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56235
diff changeset
1112 its @code{:type} argument only when needed.
53319
36b31fc002f2 2003-12-12 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
Per Abrahamsen <abraham@dina.kvl.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1113
52401
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 52267
diff changeset
1114 @ignore
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 52267
diff changeset
1115 arch-tag: d1b8fad3-f48c-4ce4-a402-f73b5ef19bd2
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 52267
diff changeset
1116 @end ignore