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author | Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org> |
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date | Fri, 11 Aug 1995 00:26:22 +0000 |
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6547 | 1 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. | |
3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
4 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. | |
5 @setfilename ../info/frames | |
6 @node Frames, Positions, Windows, Top | |
7 @chapter Frames | |
8 @cindex frame | |
9 | |
10 A @var{frame} is a rectangle on the screen that contains one or more | |
11 Emacs windows. A frame initially contains a single main window (plus | |
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12 perhaps a minibuffer window), which you can subdivide vertically or |
6547 | 13 horizontally into smaller windows. |
14 | |
15 @cindex terminal frame | |
16 @cindex X window frame | |
12067 | 17 When Emacs runs on a text-only terminal, it starts with one |
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18 @dfn{terminal frame}. If you create additional ones, Emacs displays |
12067 | 19 one and only one at any given time---on the terminal screen, of course. |
20 | |
12098 | 21 When Emacs communicates directly with an X server, it does not have a |
22 terminal frame; instead, it starts with a single @dfn{X window frame}. | |
23 It can display multiple X window frames at the same time, each in its | |
24 own X window. | |
6547 | 25 |
26 @defun framep object | |
27 This predicate returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a frame, and | |
28 @code{nil} otherwise. | |
29 @end defun | |
30 | |
31 @menu | |
12067 | 32 * Creating Frames:: Creating additional frames. |
33 * Multiple Displays:: Creating frames on other X displays. | |
6547 | 34 * Frame Parameters:: Controlling frame size, position, font, etc. |
12067 | 35 * Frame Titles:: Automatic updating of frame titles. |
6547 | 36 * Deleting Frames:: Frames last until explicitly deleted. |
37 * Finding All Frames:: How to examine all existing frames. | |
38 * Frames and Windows:: A frame contains windows; | |
39 display of text always works through windows. | |
40 * Minibuffers and Frames:: How a frame finds the minibuffer to use. | |
41 * Input Focus:: Specifying the selected frame. | |
42 * Visibility of Frames:: Frames may be visible or invisible, or icons. | |
43 * Raising and Lowering:: Raising a frame makes it hide other X windows; | |
44 lowering it makes the others hide them. | |
45 * Frame Configurations:: Saving the state of all frames. | |
46 * Mouse Tracking:: Getting events that say when the mouse moves. | |
47 * Mouse Position:: Asking where the mouse is, or moving it. | |
48 * Pop-Up Menus:: Displaying a menu for the user to select from. | |
49 * Dialog Boxes:: Displaying a box to ask yes or no. | |
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50 * Pointer Shapes:: Specifying the shape of the mouse pointer. |
6547 | 51 * X Selections:: Transferring text to and from other X clients. |
12098 | 52 * Color Names:: Getting the definitions of color names. |
6547 | 53 * Resources:: Getting resource values from the server. |
54 * Server Data:: Getting info about the X server. | |
55 @end menu | |
56 | |
57 @xref{Display}, for related information. | |
58 | |
59 @node Creating Frames | |
60 @section Creating Frames | |
61 | |
62 To create a new frame, call the function @code{make-frame}. | |
63 | |
64 @defun make-frame alist | |
12067 | 65 This function creates a new frame. If you are using X, it makes |
66 an X window frame; otherwise, it makes a terminal frame. | |
6547 | 67 |
68 The argument is an alist specifying frame parameters. Any parameters | |
69 not mentioned in @var{alist} default according to the value of the | |
12098 | 70 variable @code{default-frame-alist}; parameters not specified even there |
71 default from the standard X defaults file and X resources. | |
6547 | 72 |
73 The set of possible parameters depends in principle on what kind of | |
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74 window system Emacs uses to display its frames. @xref{X Frame |
12067 | 75 Parameters}, for documentation of individual parameters you can specify. |
6547 | 76 @end defun |
77 | |
78 @defvar before-make-frame-hook | |
79 A normal hook run by @code{make-frame} before it actually creates the | |
80 frame. | |
81 @end defvar | |
82 | |
83 @defvar after-make-frame-hook | |
84 A normal hook run by @code{make-frame} after it creates the frame. | |
85 @end defvar | |
86 | |
12067 | 87 @node Multiple Displays |
88 @section Multiple Displays | |
89 @cindex multiple displays | |
90 @cindex multiple X terminals | |
91 @cindex displays, multiple | |
92 | |
93 A single Emacs can talk to more than one X Windows display. | |
94 Initially, Emacs uses just one display---the one chosen with the | |
95 @code{DISPLAY} environment variable or with the @samp{--display} option | |
96 (@pxref{Initial Options,,, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}). To connect to | |
97 another display, use the command @code{make-frame-on-display} or specify | |
98 the @code{display} frame parameter when you create the frame. | |
99 | |
100 Emacs treats each X server as a separate terminal, giving each one its | |
101 own selected frame and its own minibuffer windows. A few Lisp variables | |
102 have values local to the current terminal (that is, the terminal | |
103 corresponding to the currently selected frame): these are | |
104 @code{default-minibuffer-frame}, @code{defining-kbd-macro}, | |
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105 @code{last-kbd-macro}, and @code{system-key-alist}. These variables are |
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106 always terminal-local and can never be buffer-local. |
12067 | 107 |
108 A single X server can handle more than one screen. A display name | |
109 @samp{@var{host}.@var{server}.@var{screen}} has three parts; the last | |
110 part specifies the screen number for a given server. When you use two | |
111 screens belonging to one server, Emacs knows by the similarity in their | |
112 names that they share a single keyboard, and it treats them as a single | |
113 terminal. | |
114 | |
115 @deffn Command make-frame-on-display display &optional parameters | |
116 This creates a new frame on display @var{display}, taking the other | |
117 frame parameters from @var{parameters}. Aside from the @var{display} | |
118 argument, it is like @code{make-frame} (@pxref{Creating Frames}). | |
119 @end deffn | |
120 | |
121 @defun x-display-list | |
122 This returns a list that indicates which X displays Emacs has a | |
12098 | 123 connection to. The elements of the list are strings, and each one is |
124 a display name. | |
12067 | 125 @end defun |
126 | |
127 @defun x-open-connection display &optional xrm-string | |
128 This function opens a connection to the X display @var{display}. It | |
129 does not create a frame on that display, but it permits you to check | |
130 that communication can be established with that display. | |
131 | |
12098 | 132 The optional argument @var{resource-string}, if not @code{nil}, is a |
133 string of resource names and values, in the same format used in the | |
134 @file{.Xresources} file. The values you specify override the resource | |
135 values recorded in the X server itself; they apply to all Emacs frames | |
136 created on this display. Here's an example of what this string might | |
137 look like: | |
138 | |
139 @example | |
140 "*BorderWidth: 3\n*InternalBorder: 2\n" | |
141 @end example | |
142 | |
143 @xref{Resources}. | |
12067 | 144 @end defun |
145 | |
146 @defun x-close-connection display | |
147 This function closes the connection to display @var{display}. Before | |
148 you can do this, you must first delete all the frames that were open on | |
149 that display (@pxref{Deleting Frames}). | |
150 @end defun | |
151 | |
6547 | 152 @node Frame Parameters |
153 @section Frame Parameters | |
154 | |
155 A frame has many parameters that control its appearance and behavior. | |
156 Just what parameters a frame has depends on what display mechanism it | |
157 uses. | |
158 | |
159 Frame parameters exist for the sake of window systems. A terminal frame | |
12098 | 160 has a few parameters, mostly for compatibility's sake; only the height, |
161 width and @code{buffer-predicate} parameters really do something. | |
6547 | 162 |
163 @menu | |
164 * Parameter Access:: How to change a frame's parameters. | |
165 * Initial Parameters:: Specifying frame parameters when you make a frame. | |
12067 | 166 * X Frame Parameters:: List of frame parameters. |
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167 * Size and Position:: Changing the size and position of a frame. |
6547 | 168 @end menu |
169 | |
170 @node Parameter Access | |
171 @subsection Access to Frame Parameters | |
172 | |
173 These functions let you read and change the parameter values of a | |
174 frame. | |
175 | |
176 @defun frame-parameters frame | |
177 The function @code{frame-parameters} returns an alist listing all the | |
178 parameters of @var{frame} and their values. | |
179 @end defun | |
180 | |
181 @defun modify-frame-parameters frame alist | |
182 This function alters the parameters of frame @var{frame} based on the | |
183 elements of @var{alist}. Each element of @var{alist} has the form | |
184 @code{(@var{parm} . @var{value})}, where @var{parm} is a symbol naming a | |
185 parameter. If you don't mention a parameter in @var{alist}, its value | |
186 doesn't change. | |
187 @end defun | |
188 | |
189 @node Initial Parameters | |
190 @subsection Initial Frame Parameters | |
191 | |
192 You can specify the parameters for the initial startup frame | |
193 by setting @code{initial-frame-alist} in your @file{.emacs} file. | |
194 | |
195 @defvar initial-frame-alist | |
196 This variable's value is an alist of parameter values used when creating | |
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197 the initial X window frame. Each element has the form: |
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198 |
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199 @example |
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200 (@var{parameter} . @var{value}) |
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201 @end example |
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202 |
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203 Emacs creates the initial frame before it reads your @file{~/.emacs} |
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204 file. After reading that file, Emacs checks @code{initial-frame-alist}, |
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205 and applies the parameter settings in the altered value to the already |
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206 created initial frame. |
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207 |
12098 | 208 If these settings affect the frame geometry and appearance, you'll see |
209 the frame appear with the wrong ones and then change to the specified | |
210 ones. If that bothers you, you can specify the same geometry and | |
211 appearance with X resources; those do take affect before the frame is | |
212 created. @xref{Resources X,, X Resources, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. | |
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213 |
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214 X resource settings typically apply to all frames. If you want to |
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215 specify some X resources solely for the sake of the initial frame, and |
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216 you don't want them to apply to subsequent frames, here's how to achieve |
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217 this. Specify parameters in @code{default-frame-alist} to override the |
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218 X resources for subsequent frames; then, to prevent these from affecting |
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219 the initial frame, specify the same parameters in |
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220 @code{initial-frame-alist} with values that match the X resources. |
6547 | 221 @end defvar |
222 | |
12098 | 223 If these parameters specify a separate minibuffer-only frame with |
224 @code{(minibuffer . nil)}, and you have not created one, Emacs creates | |
225 one for you. | |
6547 | 226 |
227 @defvar minibuffer-frame-alist | |
228 This variable's value is an alist of parameter values used when creating | |
229 an initial minibuffer-only frame---if such a frame is needed, according | |
230 to the parameters for the main initial frame. | |
231 @end defvar | |
232 | |
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233 @defvar default-frame-alist |
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234 This is an alist specifying default values of frame parameters for |
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235 subsequent Emacs frames (not the initial ones). |
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236 @end defvar |
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237 |
12098 | 238 See also @code{special-display-frame-alist}, in @ref{Choosing Window}. |
239 | |
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240 If you use options that specify window appearance when you invoke Emacs, |
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241 they take effect by adding elements to @code{default-frame-alist}. One |
12098 | 242 exception is @samp{-geometry}, which adds the specified position to |
243 @code{initial-frame-alist} instead. @xref{Command Arguments,,, emacs, | |
244 The GNU Emacs Manual}. | |
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245 |
6547 | 246 @node X Frame Parameters |
247 @subsection X Window Frame Parameters | |
248 | |
249 Just what parameters a frame has depends on what display mechanism it | |
12067 | 250 uses. Here is a table of the parameters of an X window frame; of these, |
251 @code{name}, @code{height}, @code{width}, and @code{buffer-predicate} | |
252 provide meaningful information in non-X frames. | |
6547 | 253 |
254 @table @code | |
255 @item name | |
256 The name of the frame. Most window managers display the frame's name in | |
257 the frame's border, at the top of the frame. If you don't specify a | |
258 name, and you have more than one frame, Emacs sets the frame name based | |
259 on the buffer displayed in the frame's selected window. | |
260 | |
261 If you specify the frame name explicitly when you create the frame, the | |
262 name is also used (instead of the name of the Emacs executable) when | |
263 looking up X resources for the frame. | |
264 | |
12067 | 265 @item display |
266 The display on which to open this frame. It should be a string of the | |
267 form @code{"@var{host}:@var{dpy}.@var{screen}"}, just like the | |
268 @code{DISPLAY} environment variable. | |
269 | |
6547 | 270 @item left |
12067 | 271 The screen position of the left edge, in pixels, with respect to the |
272 left edge of the screen. The value may be a positive number @var{pos}, | |
273 or a list of the form @code{(+ @var{pos})} which permits specifying a | |
274 negative @var{pos} value. | |
275 | |
276 A negative number @minus{}@var{pos}, or a list of the form @code{(- | |
277 @var{pos})}, actually specifies the position of the right edge of the | |
12098 | 278 window with respect to the right edge of the screen. A positive value |
279 of @var{pos} counts toward the left. If the parameter is a negative | |
280 integer @minus{}@var{pos} then @var{pos} is positive! | |
6547 | 281 |
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282 Some window managers ignore program-specified positions. If you want to |
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283 be sure the position you specify is not ignored, specify a |
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284 non-@code{nil} value for the @code{user-position} parameter as well. |
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285 |
6547 | 286 @item top |
12067 | 287 The screen position of the top edge, in pixels, with respect to the |
288 top edge of the screen. The value may be a positive number @var{pos}, | |
289 or a list of the form @code{(+ @var{pos})} which permits specifying a | |
290 negative @var{pos} value. | |
291 | |
292 A negative number @minus{}@var{pos}, or a list of the form @code{(- | |
293 @var{pos})}, actually specifies the position of the bottom edge of the | |
12098 | 294 window with respect to the bottom edge of the screen. A positive value |
295 of @var{pos} counts toward the top. If the parameter is a negative | |
296 integer @minus{}@var{pos} then @var{pos} is positive! | |
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297 |
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298 Some window managers ignore program-specified positions. If you want to |
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299 be sure the position you specify is not ignored, specify a |
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300 non-@code{nil} value for the @code{user-position} parameter as well. |
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301 |
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302 @item icon-left |
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303 The screen position of the left edge @emph{of the frame's icon}, in |
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304 pixels, counting from the left edge of the screen. This takes effect if |
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305 and when the frame is iconified. |
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306 |
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307 @item icon-top |
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308 The screen position of the top edge @emph{of the frame's icon}, in |
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309 pixels, counting from the top edge of the screen. This takes effect if |
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310 and when the frame is iconified. |
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311 |
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312 @item user-position |
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313 Non-@code{nil} if the screen position of the frame was explicitly |
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314 requested by the user (for example, with the @samp{-geometry} option). |
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315 Nothing automatically makes this parameter non-@code{nil}; it is up to |
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316 Lisp programs that call @code{make-frame} to specify this parameter as |
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317 well as specifying the @code{left} and @code{top} parameters. |
6547 | 318 |
319 @item height | |
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320 The height of the frame contents, in characters. (To get the height in |
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321 pixels, call @code{frame-pixel-height}; see @ref{Size and Position}.) |
6547 | 322 |
323 @item width | |
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324 The width of the frame contents, in characters. (To get the height in |
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325 pixels, call @code{frame-pixel-width}; see @ref{Size and Position}.) |
6547 | 326 |
327 @item window-id | |
328 The number of the X window for the frame. | |
329 | |
330 @item minibuffer | |
331 Whether this frame has its own minibuffer. The value @code{t} means | |
332 yes, @code{nil} means no, @code{only} means this frame is just a | |
12098 | 333 minibuffer. If the value is a minibuffer window (in some other frame), |
334 the new frame uses that minibuffer. | |
6547 | 335 |
12067 | 336 @item buffer-predicate |
337 The buffer-predicate function for this frame. The function | |
338 @code{other-buffer} uses this predicate (from the selected frame) to | |
339 decide which buffers it should consider, if the predicate is not | |
340 @code{nil}. It calls the predicate with one arg, a buffer, once for | |
341 each buffer; if the predicate returns a non-@code{nil} value, it | |
342 considers that buffer. | |
343 | |
6547 | 344 @item font |
345 The name of the font for displaying text in the frame. This is a | |
346 string. | |
347 | |
348 @item auto-raise | |
349 Whether selecting the frame raises it (non-@code{nil} means yes). | |
350 | |
351 @item auto-lower | |
352 Whether deselecting the frame lowers it (non-@code{nil} means yes). | |
353 | |
354 @item vertical-scroll-bars | |
355 Whether the frame has scroll bars for vertical scrolling | |
356 (non-@code{nil} means yes). | |
357 | |
358 @item horizontal-scroll-bars | |
359 Whether the frame has scroll bars for horizontal scrolling | |
360 (non-@code{nil} means yes). (Horizontal scroll bars are not currently | |
361 implemented.) | |
362 | |
12067 | 363 @item scroll-bar-width |
364 The width of the vertical scroll bar, in pixels. | |
365 | |
6547 | 366 @item icon-type |
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367 The type of icon to use for this frame when it is iconified. If the |
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368 value is a string, that specifies a file containing a bitmap to use. |
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369 Any other non-@code{nil} value specifies the default bitmap icon (a |
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370 picture of a gnu); @code{nil} specifies a text icon. |
6547 | 371 |
12098 | 372 @item icon-name |
373 The name to use in the icon for this frame, when and if the icon | |
374 appears. If this is @code{nil}, the frame's title is used. | |
375 | |
6547 | 376 @item foreground-color |
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377 The color to use for the image of a character. This is a string; the X |
6547 | 378 server defines the meaningful color names. |
379 | |
380 @item background-color | |
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381 The color to use for the background of characters. |
6547 | 382 |
383 @item mouse-color | |
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384 The color for the mouse pointer. |
6547 | 385 |
386 @item cursor-color | |
387 The color for the cursor that shows point. | |
388 | |
389 @item border-color | |
390 The color for the border of the frame. | |
391 | |
392 @item cursor-type | |
12067 | 393 The way to display the cursor. The legitimate values are @code{bar}, |
394 @code{box}, and @code{(bar . @var{width})}. The symbol @code{box} | |
395 specifies an ordinary black box overlaying the character after point; | |
396 that is the default. The symbol @code{bar} specifies a vertical bar | |
397 between characters as the cursor. @code{(bar . @var{width})} specifies | |
398 a bar @var{width} pixels wide. | |
6547 | 399 |
400 @item border-width | |
401 The width in pixels of the window border. | |
402 | |
403 @item internal-border-width | |
404 The distance in pixels between text and border. | |
405 | |
406 @item unsplittable | |
407 If non-@code{nil}, this frame's window is never split automatically. | |
408 | |
409 @item visibility | |
410 The state of visibility of the frame. There are three possibilities: | |
411 @code{nil} for invisible, @code{t} for visible, and @code{icon} for | |
412 iconified. @xref{Visibility of Frames}. | |
413 | |
414 @item menu-bar-lines | |
415 The number of lines to allocate at the top of the frame for a menu bar. | |
9453 | 416 The default is 1. @xref{Menu Bar}. (In Emacs versions that use the X |
417 toolkit, there is only one menu bar line; all that matters about the | |
418 number you specify is whether it is greater than zero.) | |
6547 | 419 |
420 @item parent-id | |
421 @c ??? Not yet working. | |
422 The X window number of the window that should be the parent of this one. | |
423 Specifying this lets you create an Emacs window inside some other | |
424 application's window. (It is not certain this will be implemented; try | |
425 it and see if it works.) | |
426 @end table | |
427 | |
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428 @node Size and Position |
6547 | 429 @subsection Frame Size And Position |
430 | |
431 You can read or change the size and position of a frame using the | |
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432 frame parameters @code{left}, @code{top}, @code{height}, and |
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433 @code{width}. Whatever geometry parameters you don't specify are chosen |
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434 by the window manager in its usual fashion. |
6547 | 435 |
436 Here are some special features for working with sizes and positions: | |
437 | |
438 @defun set-frame-position frame left top | |
12098 | 439 This function sets the position of the top left corner of @var{frame} to |
440 @var{left} and @var{top}. These arguments are measured in pixels, and | |
441 count from the top left corner of the screen. Negative parameter values | |
442 count up or rightward from the top left corner of the screen. | |
6547 | 443 @end defun |
444 | |
445 @defun frame-height &optional frame | |
446 @defunx frame-width &optional frame | |
447 These functions return the height and width of @var{frame}, measured in | |
448 characters. If you don't supply @var{frame}, they use the selected | |
449 frame. | |
450 @end defun | |
451 | |
452 @defun frame-pixel-height &optional frame | |
453 @defunx frame-pixel-width &optional frame | |
454 These functions return the height and width of @var{frame}, measured in | |
455 pixels. If you don't supply @var{frame}, they use the selected frame. | |
456 @end defun | |
457 | |
458 @defun frame-char-height &optional frame | |
459 @defunx frame-char-width &optional frame | |
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460 These functions return the height and width of a character in |
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461 @var{frame}, measured in pixels. The values depend on the choice of |
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462 font. If you don't supply @var{frame}, these functions use the selected |
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463 frame. |
6547 | 464 @end defun |
465 | |
466 @defun set-frame-size frame cols rows | |
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467 This function sets the size of @var{frame}, measured in characters; |
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468 @var{cols} and @var{rows} specify the new width and height. |
6547 | 469 |
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470 To set the size based on values measured in pixels, use |
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471 @code{frame-char-height} and @code{frame-char-width} to convert |
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472 them to units of characters. |
6547 | 473 @end defun |
474 | |
475 The old-fashioned functions @code{set-screen-height} and | |
476 @code{set-screen-width}, which were used to specify the height and width | |
477 of the screen in Emacs versions that did not support multiple frames, | |
478 are still usable. They apply to the selected frame. @xref{Screen | |
479 Size}. | |
480 | |
481 @defun x-parse-geometry geom | |
482 @cindex geometry specification | |
483 The function @code{x-parse-geometry} converts a standard X windows | |
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484 geometry string to an alist that you can use as part of the argument to |
6547 | 485 @code{make-frame}. |
486 | |
487 The alist describes which parameters were specified in @var{geom}, and | |
488 gives the values specified for them. Each element looks like | |
489 @code{(@var{parameter} . @var{value})}. The possible @var{parameter} | |
490 values are @code{left}, @code{top}, @code{width}, and @code{height}. | |
491 | |
12067 | 492 For the size parameters, the value must be an integer. The position |
493 parameter names @code{left} and @code{top} are not totally accurate, | |
494 because some values indicate the position of the right or bottom edges | |
495 instead. These are the @var{value} possibilities for the position | |
496 parameters: | |
497 | |
498 @table @asis | |
499 @item an integer | |
500 A positive integer relates the left edge or top edge of the window to | |
501 the left or top edge of the screen. A negative integer relates the | |
502 right or bottom edge of the window to the right or bottom edge of the | |
503 screen. | |
504 | |
12098 | 505 @item @code{(+ @var{position})} |
12067 | 506 This specifies the position of the left or top edge of the window |
507 relative to the left or top edge of the screen. The integer | |
508 @var{position} may be positive or negative; a negative value specifies a | |
509 position outside the screen. | |
510 | |
12098 | 511 @item @code{(- @var{position})} |
12067 | 512 This specifies the position of the right or bottom edge of the window |
513 relative to the right or bottom edge of the screen. The integer | |
514 @var{position} may be positive or negative; a negative value specifies a | |
515 position outside the screen. | |
516 @end table | |
517 | |
518 Here is an example: | |
519 | |
12098 | 520 @example |
6547 | 521 (x-parse-geometry "35x70+0-0") |
12098 | 522 @result{} ((width . 35) (height . 70) |
523 (left . 0) (top - 0)) | |
524 @end example | |
6547 | 525 @end defun |
526 | |
527 @ignore | |
528 New functions @code{set-frame-height} and @code{set-frame-width} set the | |
529 size of a specified frame. The frame is the first argument; the size is | |
530 the second. | |
531 @end ignore | |
532 | |
12067 | 533 @node Frame Titles |
534 @section Frame Titles | |
535 | |
536 Every frame has a title; most window managers display the frame title at | |
537 the top of the frame. You can specify an explicit title with the | |
538 @code{name} frame property. But normally you don't specify this | |
539 explicitly, and Emacs computes the title automatically. | |
540 | |
541 Emacs computes the frame title based on a template stored in the | |
542 variable @code{frame-title-format}. | |
543 | |
544 @defvar frame-title-format | |
545 This variable specifies how to compute a title for a frame | |
546 when you have not explicitly specified one. | |
547 | |
548 The variable's value is actually a mode line construct, just like | |
549 @code{mode-line-format}. @xref{Mode Line Data}. | |
550 @end defvar | |
551 | |
552 @defvar icon-title-format | |
553 This variable specifies how to compute the title for an iconified frame, | |
554 when you have not explicitly specified the frame title. This title | |
555 appears in the icon itself. | |
556 @end defvar | |
557 | |
558 @defvar multiple-frames | |
559 This variable is set automatically by Emacs. Its value is @code{t} when | |
560 there are two or more frames (not counting minibuffer-only frames or | |
561 invisible frames). The default value of @code{frame-title-format} uses | |
562 @code{multiple-frames} so as to put the buffer name in the frame title | |
563 only when there is more than one frame. | |
564 @end defvar | |
565 | |
6547 | 566 @node Deleting Frames |
567 @section Deleting Frames | |
568 @cindex deletion of frames | |
569 | |
570 Frames remain potentially visible until you explicitly @dfn{delete} | |
571 them. A deleted frame cannot appear on the screen, but continues to | |
572 exist as a Lisp object until there are no references to it. There is no | |
573 way to cancel the deletion of a frame aside from restoring a saved frame | |
574 configuration (@pxref{Frame Configurations}); this is similar to the | |
575 way windows behave. | |
576 | |
577 @deffn Command delete-frame &optional frame | |
578 This function deletes the frame @var{frame}. By default, @var{frame} is | |
579 the selected frame. | |
580 @end deffn | |
581 | |
582 @defun frame-live-p frame | |
583 The function @code{frame-live-p} returns non-@code{nil} if the frame | |
584 @var{frame} has not been deleted. | |
585 @end defun | |
586 | |
12067 | 587 Some window managers provide a command to delete a window. These work |
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588 by sending a special message to the program that operates the window. |
12067 | 589 When Emacs gets one of these commands, it generates a |
590 @code{delete-frame} event, whose normal definition is a command that | |
591 calls the function @code{delete-frame}. @xref{Misc Events}. | |
592 | |
6547 | 593 @node Finding All Frames |
594 @section Finding All Frames | |
595 | |
596 @defun frame-list | |
597 The function @code{frame-list} returns a list of all the frames that | |
598 have not been deleted. It is analogous to @code{buffer-list} for | |
599 buffers. The list that you get is newly created, so modifying the list | |
600 doesn't have any effect on the internals of Emacs. | |
601 @end defun | |
602 | |
603 @defun visible-frame-list | |
604 This function returns a list of just the currently visible frames. | |
12067 | 605 @xref{Visibility of Frames}. (Terminal frames always count as |
606 ``visible'', even though only the selected one is actually displayed.) | |
6547 | 607 @end defun |
608 | |
609 @defun next-frame &optional frame minibuf | |
610 The function @code{next-frame} lets you cycle conveniently through all | |
611 the frames from an arbitrary starting point. It returns the ``next'' | |
612 frame after @var{frame} in the cycle. If @var{frame} is omitted or | |
613 @code{nil}, it defaults to the selected frame. | |
614 | |
615 The second argument, @var{minibuf}, says which frames to consider: | |
616 | |
617 @table @asis | |
618 @item @code{nil} | |
619 Exclude minibuffer-only frames. | |
620 @item @code{visible} | |
621 Consider all visible frames. | |
12098 | 622 @item 0 |
623 Consider all visible or iconified frames. | |
6547 | 624 @item a window |
625 Consider only the frames using that particular window as their | |
626 minibuffer. | |
627 @item anything else | |
628 Consider all frames. | |
629 @end table | |
630 @end defun | |
631 | |
632 @defun previous-frame &optional frame minibuf | |
633 Like @code{next-frame}, but cycles through all frames in the opposite | |
634 direction. | |
635 @end defun | |
636 | |
12098 | 637 See also @code{next-window} and @code{previous-window}, in @ref{Cyclic |
638 Window Ordering}. | |
639 | |
6547 | 640 @node Frames and Windows |
641 @section Frames and Windows | |
642 | |
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643 Each window is part of one and only one frame; you can get the frame |
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644 with @code{window-frame}. |
6547 | 645 |
646 @defun window-frame window | |
647 This function returns the frame that @var{window} is on. | |
648 @end defun | |
649 | |
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650 All the non-minibuffer windows in a frame are arranged in a cyclic |
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651 order. The order runs from the frame's top window, which is at the |
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652 upper left corner, down and to the right, until it reaches the window at |
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653 the lower right corner (always the minibuffer window, if the frame has |
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654 one), and then it moves back to the top. |
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655 |
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656 @defun frame-top-window frame |
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657 This returns the topmost, leftmost window of frame @var{frame}. |
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658 @end defun |
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659 |
6547 | 660 At any time, exactly one window on any frame is @dfn{selected within the |
661 frame}. The significance of this designation is that selecting the | |
662 frame also selects this window. You can get the frame's current | |
663 selected window with @code{frame-selected-window}. | |
664 | |
665 @defun frame-selected-window frame | |
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666 This function returns the window on @var{frame} that is selected within |
6547 | 667 @var{frame}. |
668 @end defun | |
669 | |
670 Conversely, selecting a window for Emacs with @code{select-window} also | |
671 makes that window selected within its frame. @xref{Selecting Windows}. | |
672 | |
12098 | 673 Another function that (usually) returns one of the windows in a frame is |
674 @code{minibuffer-window}. @xref{Minibuffer Misc}. | |
675 | |
6547 | 676 @node Minibuffers and Frames |
677 @section Minibuffers and Frames | |
678 | |
679 Normally, each frame has its own minibuffer window at the bottom, which | |
680 is used whenever that frame is selected. If the frame has a minibuffer, | |
681 you can get it with @code{minibuffer-window} (@pxref{Minibuffer Misc}). | |
682 | |
683 However, you can also create a frame with no minibuffer. Such a frame | |
684 must use the minibuffer window of some other frame. When you create the | |
12098 | 685 frame, you can specify explicitly the minibuffer window to use (in some |
686 other frame). If you don't, then the minibuffer is found in the frame | |
687 which is the value of the variable @code{default-minibuffer-frame}. Its | |
688 value should be a frame that does have a minibuffer. | |
6547 | 689 |
690 If you use a minibuffer-only frame, you might want that frame to raise | |
691 when you enter the minibuffer. If so, set the variable | |
692 @code{minibuffer-auto-raise} to @code{t}. @xref{Raising and Lowering}. | |
693 | |
12067 | 694 @defvar default-minibuffer-frame |
695 This variable specifies the frame to use for the minibuffer window, by | |
12098 | 696 default. It is always local to the current terminal and cannot be |
12067 | 697 buffer-local. @xref{Multiple Displays}. |
698 @end defvar | |
699 | |
6547 | 700 @node Input Focus |
701 @section Input Focus | |
702 @cindex input focus | |
703 @cindex selected frame | |
704 | |
705 At any time, one frame in Emacs is the @dfn{selected frame}. The selected | |
706 window always resides on the selected frame. | |
707 | |
708 @defun selected-frame | |
709 This function returns the selected frame. | |
710 @end defun | |
711 | |
712 The X server normally directs keyboard input to the X window that the | |
713 mouse is in. Some window managers use mouse clicks or keyboard events | |
714 to @dfn{shift the focus} to various X windows, overriding the normal | |
715 behavior of the server. | |
716 | |
717 Lisp programs can switch frames ``temporarily'' by calling | |
718 the function @code{select-frame}. This does not override the window | |
719 manager; rather, it escapes from the window manager's control until | |
720 that control is somehow reasserted. | |
721 | |
12067 | 722 When using a text-only terminal, there is no window manager; therefore, |
723 @code{switch-frame} is the only way to switch frames, and the effect | |
724 lasts until overridden by a subsequent call to @code{switch-frame}. | |
725 Only the selected terminal frame is actually displayed on the terminal. | |
726 Each terminal screen except for the initial one has a number, and the | |
727 number of the selected frame appears in the mode line after the word | |
12098 | 728 @samp{Emacs} (@pxref{Mode Line Variables}). |
12067 | 729 |
6547 | 730 @c ??? This is not yet implemented properly. |
731 @defun select-frame frame | |
732 This function selects frame @var{frame}, temporarily disregarding the | |
12067 | 733 focus of the X server if any. The selection of @var{frame} lasts until |
734 the next time the user does something to select a different frame, or | |
735 until the next time this function is called. | |
6547 | 736 @end defun |
737 | |
738 Emacs cooperates with the X server and the window managers by arranging | |
739 to select frames according to what the server and window manager ask | |
740 for. It does so by generating a special kind of input event, called a | |
741 @dfn{focus} event. The command loop handles a focus event by calling | |
742 @code{handle-select-frame}. @xref{Focus Events}. | |
743 | |
744 @deffn Command handle-switch-frame frame | |
745 This function handles a focus event by selecting frame @var{frame}. | |
746 | |
747 Focus events normally do their job by invoking this command. | |
748 Don't call it for any other reason. | |
749 @end deffn | |
750 | |
751 @defun redirect-frame-focus frame focus-frame | |
752 This function redirects focus from @var{frame} to @var{focus-frame}. | |
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753 This means that @var{focus-frame} will receive subsequent keystrokes |
6547 | 754 intended for @var{frame}. After such an event, the value of |
755 @code{last-event-frame} will be @var{focus-frame}. Also, switch-frame | |
756 events specifying @var{frame} will instead select @var{focus-frame}. | |
757 | |
758 If @var{focus-frame} is @code{nil}, that cancels any existing | |
759 redirection for @var{frame}, which therefore once again receives its own | |
760 events. | |
761 | |
762 One use of focus redirection is for frames that don't have minibuffers. | |
763 These frames use minibuffers on other frames. Activating a minibuffer | |
764 on another frame redirects focus to that frame. This puts the focus on | |
765 the minibuffer's frame, where it belongs, even though the mouse remains | |
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766 in the frame that activated the minibuffer. |
6547 | 767 |
768 Selecting a frame can also change focus redirections. Selecting frame | |
769 @code{bar}, when @code{foo} had been selected, changes any redirections | |
770 pointing to @code{foo} so that they point to @code{bar} instead. This | |
771 allows focus redirection to work properly when the user switches from | |
772 one frame to another using @code{select-window}. | |
773 | |
774 This means that a frame whose focus is redirected to itself is treated | |
775 differently from a frame whose focus is not redirected. | |
776 @code{select-frame} affects the former but not the latter. | |
777 | |
778 The redirection lasts until @code{redirect-frame-focus} is called to | |
779 change it. | |
780 @end defun | |
781 | |
782 @node Visibility of Frames | |
783 @section Visibility of Frames | |
784 @cindex visible frame | |
785 @cindex invisible frame | |
786 @cindex iconified frame | |
787 @cindex frame visibility | |
788 | |
12098 | 789 An X window frame may be @dfn{visible}, @dfn{invisible}, or |
12067 | 790 @dfn{iconified}. If it is visible, you can see its contents. If it is |
791 iconified, the frame's contents do not appear on the screen, but an icon | |
792 does. If the frame is invisible, it doesn't show on the screen, not | |
793 even as an icon. | |
794 | |
795 Visibility is meaningless for terminal frames, since only the selected | |
796 one is actually displayed in any case. | |
6547 | 797 |
798 @deffn Command make-frame-visible &optional frame | |
799 This function makes frame @var{frame} visible. If you omit @var{frame}, | |
800 it makes the selected frame visible. | |
801 @end deffn | |
802 | |
803 @deffn Command make-frame-invisible &optional frame | |
804 This function makes frame @var{frame} invisible. If you omit | |
805 @var{frame}, it makes the selected frame invisible. | |
806 @end deffn | |
807 | |
808 @deffn Command iconify-frame &optional frame | |
809 This function iconifies frame @var{frame}. If you omit @var{frame}, it | |
810 iconifies the selected frame. | |
811 @end deffn | |
812 | |
813 @defun frame-visible-p frame | |
814 This returns the visibility status of frame @var{frame}. The value is | |
815 @code{t} if @var{frame} is visible, @code{nil} if it is invisible, and | |
816 @code{icon} if it is iconified. | |
817 @end defun | |
818 | |
819 The visibility status of a frame is also available as a frame | |
820 parameter. You can read or change it as such. @xref{X Frame | |
821 Parameters}. | |
822 | |
12067 | 823 The user can iconify and deiconify frames with the window manager. |
824 This happens below the level at which Emacs can exert any control, but | |
825 Emacs does provide events that you can use to keep track of such | |
826 changes. @xref{Misc Events}. | |
827 | |
6547 | 828 @node Raising and Lowering |
829 @section Raising and Lowering Frames | |
830 | |
831 The X Window System uses a desktop metaphor. Part of this metaphor is | |
832 the idea that windows are stacked in a notional third dimension | |
833 perpendicular to the screen surface, and thus ordered from ``highest'' | |
834 to ``lowest''. Where two windows overlap, the one higher up covers the | |
835 one underneath. Even a window at the bottom of the stack can be seen if | |
836 no other window overlaps it. | |
837 | |
838 @cindex raising a frame | |
839 @cindex lowering a frame | |
840 A window's place in this ordering is not fixed; in fact, users tend to | |
841 change the order frequently. @dfn{Raising} a window means moving it | |
842 ``up'', to the top of the stack. @dfn{Lowering} a window means moving | |
843 it to the bottom of the stack. This motion is in the notional third | |
844 dimension only, and does not change the position of the window on the | |
845 screen. | |
846 | |
847 You can raise and lower Emacs's X windows with these functions: | |
848 | |
12067 | 849 @deffn Command raise-frame frame |
6547 | 850 This function raises frame @var{frame}. |
12067 | 851 @end deffn |
6547 | 852 |
12067 | 853 @deffn Command lower-frame frame |
6547 | 854 This function lowers frame @var{frame}. |
12067 | 855 @end deffn |
6547 | 856 |
857 @defopt minibuffer-auto-raise | |
858 If this is non-@code{nil}, activation of the minibuffer raises the frame | |
859 that the minibuffer window is in. | |
860 @end defopt | |
861 | |
862 You can also enable auto-raise (raising automatically when a frame is | |
863 selected) or auto-lower (lowering automatically when it is deselected) | |
864 for any frame using frame parameters. @xref{X Frame Parameters}. | |
865 | |
866 @node Frame Configurations | |
867 @section Frame Configurations | |
868 @cindex frame configuration | |
869 | |
870 A @dfn{frame configuration} records the current arrangement of frames, | |
871 all their properties, and the window configuration of each one. | |
872 | |
873 @defun current-frame-configuration | |
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874 This function returns a frame configuration list that describes |
6547 | 875 the current arrangement of frames and their contents. |
876 @end defun | |
877 | |
878 @defun set-frame-configuration configuration | |
879 This function restores the state of frames described in | |
880 @var{configuration}. | |
881 @end defun | |
882 | |
883 @node Mouse Tracking | |
884 @section Mouse Tracking | |
885 @cindex mouse tracking | |
886 @cindex tracking the mouse | |
887 | |
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888 Sometimes it is useful to @dfn{track} the mouse, which means to display |
6547 | 889 something to indicate where the mouse is and move the indicator as the |
890 mouse moves. For efficient mouse tracking, you need a way to wait until | |
891 the mouse actually moves. | |
892 | |
893 The convenient way to track the mouse is to ask for events to represent | |
894 mouse motion. Then you can wait for motion by waiting for an event. In | |
895 addition, you can easily handle any other sorts of events that may | |
896 occur. That is useful, because normally you don't want to track the | |
897 mouse forever---only until some other event, such as the release of a | |
898 button. | |
899 | |
900 @defspec track-mouse body@dots{} | |
901 Execute @var{body}, meanwhile generating input events for mouse motion. | |
902 The code in @var{body} can read these events with @code{read-event} or | |
903 @code{read-key-sequence}. @xref{Motion Events}, for the format of mouse | |
904 motion events. | |
905 | |
906 The value of @code{track-mouse} is that of the last form in @var{body}. | |
907 @end defspec | |
908 | |
909 The usual purpose of tracking mouse motion is to indicate on the screen | |
910 the consequences of pushing or releasing a button at the current | |
911 position. | |
912 | |
12098 | 913 In many cases, you can avoid the need to track the mouse by using |
914 the @code{mouse-face} text property (@pxref{Special Properties}). | |
915 That works at a much lower level and runs more smoothly than | |
916 Lisp-level mouse tracking. | |
917 | |
6547 | 918 @ignore |
919 @c These are not implemented yet. | |
920 | |
921 These functions change the screen appearance instantaneously. The | |
922 effect is transient, only until the next ordinary Emacs redisplay. That | |
923 is ok for mouse tracking, since it doesn't make sense for mouse tracking | |
924 to change the text, and the body of @code{track-mouse} normally reads | |
925 the events itself and does not do redisplay. | |
926 | |
927 @defun x-contour-region window beg end | |
928 This function draws lines to make a box around the text from @var{beg} | |
929 to @var{end}, in window @var{window}. | |
930 @end defun | |
931 | |
932 @defun x-uncontour-region window beg end | |
933 This function erases the lines that would make a box around the text | |
934 from @var{beg} to @var{end}, in window @var{window}. Use it to remove | |
935 a contour that you previously made by calling @code{x-contour-region}. | |
936 @end defun | |
937 | |
938 @defun x-draw-rectangle frame left top right bottom | |
939 This function draws a hollow rectangle on frame @var{frame} with the | |
940 specified edge coordinates, all measured in pixels from the inside top | |
941 left corner. It uses the cursor color, the one used for indicating the | |
942 location of point. | |
943 @end defun | |
944 | |
945 @defun x-erase-rectangle frame left top right bottom | |
946 This function erases a hollow rectangle on frame @var{frame} with the | |
947 specified edge coordinates, all measured in pixels from the inside top | |
948 left corner. Erasure means redrawing the text and background that | |
949 normally belong in the specified rectangle. | |
950 @end defun | |
951 @end ignore | |
952 | |
953 @node Mouse Position | |
954 @section Mouse Position | |
955 @cindex mouse position | |
956 @cindex position of mouse | |
957 | |
958 The functions @code{mouse-position} and @code{set-mouse-position} | |
959 give access to the current position of the mouse. | |
960 | |
961 @defun mouse-position | |
962 This function returns a description of the position of the mouse. The | |
963 value looks like @code{(@var{frame} @var{x} . @var{y})}, where @var{x} | |
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964 and @var{y} are integers giving the position in characters relative to |
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965 the top left corner of the inside of @var{frame}. |
6547 | 966 @end defun |
967 | |
968 @defun set-mouse-position frame x y | |
969 This function @dfn{warps the mouse} to position @var{x}, @var{y} in | |
970 frame @var{frame}. The arguments @var{x} and @var{y} are integers, | |
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971 giving the position in characters relative to the top left corner of the |
6547 | 972 inside of @var{frame}. |
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973 @end defun |
6547 | 974 |
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975 @defun mouse-pixel-position |
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976 This function is like @code{mouse-position} except that it returns |
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977 coordinates in units of pixels rather than units of characters. |
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978 @end defun |
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979 |
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980 @defun set-mouse-pixel-position frame x y |
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981 This function warps the mouse like @code{set-mouse-position} except that |
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982 @var{x} and @var{y} are in units of pixels rather than units of |
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983 characters. These coordinates are not required to be within the frame. |
6547 | 984 @end defun |
985 | |
986 @need 3000 | |
987 | |
988 @node Pop-Up Menus | |
989 @section Pop-Up Menus | |
990 | |
12067 | 991 When using X windows, a Lisp program can pop up a menu which the |
992 user can choose from with the mouse. | |
993 | |
6547 | 994 @defun x-popup-menu position menu |
995 This function displays a pop-up menu and returns an indication of | |
996 what selection the user makes. | |
997 | |
998 The argument @var{position} specifies where on the screen to put the | |
999 menu. It can be either a mouse button event (which says to put the menu | |
1000 where the user actuated the button) or a list of this form: | |
1001 | |
1002 @example | |
1003 ((@var{xoffset} @var{yoffset}) @var{window}) | |
1004 @end example | |
1005 | |
1006 @noindent | |
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1007 where @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} are coordinates, measured in |
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1008 pixels, counting from the top left corner of @var{window}'s frame. |
6547 | 1009 |
1010 If @var{position} is @code{t}, it means to use the current mouse | |
1011 position. If @var{position} is @code{nil}, it means to precompute the | |
1012 key binding equivalents for the keymaps specified in @var{menu}, | |
1013 without actually displaying or popping up the menu. | |
1014 | |
1015 The argument @var{menu} says what to display in the menu. It can be a | |
1016 keymap or a list of keymaps (@pxref{Menu Keymaps}). Alternatively, it | |
1017 can have the following form: | |
1018 | |
1019 @example | |
1020 (@var{title} @var{pane1} @var{pane2}...) | |
1021 @end example | |
1022 | |
1023 @noindent | |
1024 where each pane is a list of form | |
1025 | |
1026 @example | |
12098 | 1027 (@var{title} (@var{line} . @var{item})...) |
6547 | 1028 @end example |
1029 | |
1030 Each @var{line} should be a string, and each @var{item} should be the | |
1031 value to return if that @var{line} is chosen. | |
1032 @end defun | |
1033 | |
1034 @strong{Usage note:} Don't use @code{x-popup-menu} to display a menu if | |
1035 a prefix key with a menu keymap would do the job. If you use a menu | |
1036 keymap to implement a menu, @kbd{C-h c} and @kbd{C-h a} can see the | |
1037 individual items in that menu and provide help for them. If instead you | |
1038 implement the menu by defining a command that calls @code{x-popup-menu}, | |
1039 the help facilities cannot know what happens inside that command, so | |
1040 they cannot give any help for the menu's items. This is the reason why | |
12098 | 1041 all the menu bar items are normally implemented with menu keymaps |
1042 (@pxref{Menu Keymaps}). | |
6547 | 1043 |
1044 @node Dialog Boxes | |
1045 @section Dialog Boxes | |
1046 @cindex dialog boxes | |
1047 | |
1048 A dialog box is a variant of a pop-up menu. It looks a little | |
1049 different (if Emacs uses an X toolkit), it always appears in the center | |
1050 of a frame, and it has just one level and one pane. The main use of | |
1051 dialog boxes is for asking questions that the user can answer with | |
1052 ``yes'', ``no'', and a few other alternatives. The functions | |
1053 @code{y-or-n-p} and @code{yes-or-no-p} use dialog boxes instead of the | |
1054 keyboard, when called from commands invoked by mouse clicks. | |
1055 | |
1056 @defun x-popup-dialog position contents | |
1057 This function displays a pop-up dialog box and returns an indication of | |
1058 what selection the user makes. The argument @var{contents} specifies | |
1059 the alternatives to offer; it has this format: | |
1060 | |
1061 @example | |
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1062 (@var{title} (@var{string} . @var{value})@dots{}) |
6547 | 1063 @end example |
1064 | |
1065 @noindent | |
1066 which looks like the list that specifies a single pane for | |
1067 @code{x-popup-menu}. | |
1068 | |
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1069 The return value is @var{value} from the chosen alternative. |
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1070 |
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1071 An element of the list may be just a string instead of a cons cell |
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1072 @code{(@var{string} . @var{value})}. That makes a box that cannot |
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1073 be selected. |
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1074 |
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1075 If @code{nil} appears in the list, it separates the left-hand items from |
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1076 the right-hand items; items that precede the @code{nil} appear on the |
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1077 left, and items that follow the @code{nil} appear on the right. If you |
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1078 don't include a @code{nil} in the list, then approximately half the |
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1079 items appear on each side. |
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1080 |
6547 | 1081 Dialog boxes always appear in the center of a frame; the argument |
1082 @var{position} specifies which frame. The possible values are as in | |
1083 @code{x-popup-menu}, but the precise coordinates don't matter; only the | |
1084 frame matters. | |
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1085 |
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1086 If your Emacs executable does not use an X toolkit, then it cannot |
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1087 display a real dialog box; so instead it displays the same items in a |
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1088 pop-up menu in the center of the frame. |
6547 | 1089 @end defun |
1090 | |
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1091 @node Pointer Shapes |
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1092 @section Pointer Shapes |
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1093 @cindex pointer shape |
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1094 @cindex mouse pointer shape |
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1095 |
12067 | 1096 These variables specify which shape to use for the mouse pointer in |
1097 various situations: | |
7684
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1098 |
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1099 @table @code |
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1100 @item x-pointer-shape |
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1101 @vindex x-pointer-shape |
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1102 This variable specifies the pointer shape to use ordinarily in the Emacs |
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1103 frame. |
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1104 |
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1105 @item x-sensitive-text-pointer-shape |
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1106 @vindex x-sensitive-text-pointer-shape |
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1107 This variable specifies the pointer shape to use when the mouse |
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1108 is over mouse-sensitive text. |
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1109 @end table |
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1110 |
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1111 These variables affect newly created frames. They do not normally |
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1112 affect existing frames; however, if you set the mouse color of a frame, |
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1113 that also updates its pointer shapes based on the current values of |
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1114 these variables. @xref{X Frame Parameters}. |
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1115 |
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1116 The values you can use, to specify either of these pointer shapes, are |
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1117 defined in the file @file{lisp/x-win.el}. Use @kbd{M-x apropos |
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1118 @key{RET} x-pointer @key{RET}} to see a list of them. |
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1119 |
6547 | 1120 @node X Selections |
1121 @section X Selections | |
1122 @cindex selection (for X windows) | |
1123 | |
1124 The X server records a set of @dfn{selections} which permit transfer of | |
1125 data between application programs. The various selections are | |
1126 distinguished by @dfn{selection types}, represented in Emacs by | |
1127 symbols. X clients including Emacs can read or set the selection for | |
1128 any given type. | |
1129 | |
1130 @defun x-set-selection type data | |
1131 This function sets a ``selection'' in the X server. It takes two | |
1132 arguments: a selection type @var{type}, and the value to assign to it, | |
1133 @var{data}. If @var{data} is @code{nil}, it means to clear out the | |
1134 selection. Otherwise, @var{data} may be a string, a symbol, an integer | |
1135 (or a cons of two integers or list of two integers), an overlay, or a | |
1136 cons of two markers pointing to the same buffer. An overlay or a pair | |
1137 of markers stands for text in the overlay or between the markers. | |
1138 | |
1139 The data may also be a vector of valid non-vector selection values. | |
1140 | |
1141 Each possible @var{type} has its own selection value, which changes | |
1142 independently. The usual values of @var{type} are @code{PRIMARY} and | |
1143 @code{SECONDARY}; these are symbols with upper-case names, in accord | |
1144 with X Window System conventions. The default is @code{PRIMARY}. | |
1145 @end defun | |
1146 | |
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1147 @defun x-get-selection &optional type data-type |
6547 | 1148 This function accesses selections set up by Emacs or by other X |
1149 clients. It takes two optional arguments, @var{type} and | |
1150 @var{data-type}. The default for @var{type}, the selection type, is | |
1151 @code{PRIMARY}. | |
1152 | |
1153 The @var{data-type} argument specifies the form of data conversion to | |
1154 use, to convert the raw data obtained from another X client into Lisp | |
1155 data. Meaningful values include @code{TEXT}, @code{STRING}, | |
1156 @code{TARGETS}, @code{LENGTH}, @code{DELETE}, @code{FILE_NAME}, | |
1157 @code{CHARACTER_POSITION}, @code{LINE_NUMBER}, @code{COLUMN_NUMBER}, | |
1158 @code{OWNER_OS}, @code{HOST_NAME}, @code{USER}, @code{CLASS}, | |
1159 @code{NAME}, @code{ATOM}, and @code{INTEGER}. (These are symbols with | |
1160 upper-case names in accord with X conventions.) The default for | |
1161 @var{data-type} is @code{STRING}. | |
1162 @end defun | |
1163 | |
1164 @cindex cut buffer | |
1165 The X server also has a set of numbered @dfn{cut buffers} which can | |
1166 store text or other data being moved between applications. Cut buffers | |
1167 are considered obsolete, but Emacs supports them for the sake of X | |
1168 clients that still use them. | |
1169 | |
1170 @defun x-get-cut-buffer n | |
1171 This function returns the contents of cut buffer number @var{n}. | |
1172 @end defun | |
1173 | |
1174 @defun x-set-cut-buffer string | |
1175 This function stores @var{string} into the first cut buffer (cut buffer | |
1176 0), moving the other values down through the series of cut buffers, much | |
1177 like the way successive kills in Emacs move down the kill ring. | |
1178 @end defun | |
1179 | |
12098 | 1180 @node Color Names |
1181 @section Color Names | |
6547 | 1182 |
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1183 @defun x-color-defined-p color &optional frame |
8712 | 1184 This function reports whether a color name is meaningful. It returns |
12676
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1185 @code{t} if so; otherwise, @code{nil}. The argument @var{frame} says |
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1186 which frame's display to ask about; if @var{frame} is omitted or |
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1187 @code{nil}, the selected frame is used. |
8712 | 1188 |
1189 Note that this does not tell you whether the display you are using | |
1190 really supports that color. You can ask for any defined color on any | |
1191 kind of display, and you will get some result---that is how the X server | |
1192 works. Here's an approximate way to test whether your display supports | |
1193 the color @var{color}: | |
1194 | |
1195 @example | |
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1196 (defun x-color-supported-p (color &optional frame) |
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1197 (and (x-color-defined-p color frame) |
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1198 (or (x-display-color-p frame) |
8712 | 1199 (member color '("black" "white")) |
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1200 (and (> (x-display-planes frame) 1) |
8712 | 1201 (equal color "gray"))))) |
1202 @end example | |
1203 @end defun | |
6547 | 1204 |
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1205 @defun x-color-values color &optional frame |
8712 | 1206 This function returns a value that describes what @var{color} should |
1207 ideally look like. If @var{color} is defined, the value is a list of | |
1208 three integers, which give the amount of red, the amount of green, and | |
1209 the amount of blue. Each integer ranges in principle from 0 to 65535, | |
1210 but in practice no value seems to be above 65280. If @var{color} is not | |
1211 defined, the value is @code{nil}. | |
1212 | |
1213 @example | |
1214 (x-color-values "black") | |
1215 @result{} (0 0 0) | |
1216 (x-color-values "white") | |
1217 @result{} (65280 65280 65280) | |
1218 (x-color-values "red") | |
1219 @result{} (65280 0 0) | |
1220 (x-color-values "pink") | |
1221 @result{} (65280 49152 51968) | |
1222 (x-color-values "hungry") | |
1223 @result{} nil | |
1224 @end example | |
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1225 |
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1226 The color values are returned for @var{frame}'s display. If @var{frame} |
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1227 is omitted or @code{nil}, the information is return for the selected |
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1228 frame's display. |
6547 | 1229 @end defun |
1230 | |
1231 @node Resources | |
1232 @section X Resources | |
1233 | |
12098 | 1234 @defun x-get-resource attribute class &optional component subclass |
6547 | 1235 The function @code{x-get-resource} retrieves a resource value from the X |
1236 Windows defaults database. | |
1237 | |
1238 Resources are indexed by a combination of a @dfn{key} and a @dfn{class}. | |
1239 This function searches using a key of the form | |
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1240 @samp{@var{instance}.@var{attribute}} (where @var{instance} is the name |
12098 | 1241 under which Emacs was invoked), and using @samp{Emacs.@var{class}} as |
1242 the class. | |
6547 | 1243 |
1244 The optional arguments @var{component} and @var{subclass} add to the key | |
1245 and the class, respectively. You must specify both of them or neither. | |
1246 If you specify them, the key is | |
1247 @samp{@var{instance}.@var{component}.@var{attribute}}, and the class is | |
12098 | 1248 @samp{Emacs.@var{class}.@var{subclass}}. |
6547 | 1249 @end defun |
1250 | |
12098 | 1251 @xref{Resources X,, X Resources, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. |
6547 | 1252 |
1253 @node Server Data | |
1254 @section Data about the X Server | |
1255 | |
1256 This section describes functions and a variable that you can use to | |
12067 | 1257 get information about the capabilities and origin of an X display that |
1258 Emacs is using. Each of these functions lets you specify the display | |
1259 you are interested in: the @var{display} argument can be either a | |
1260 display name, or a frame (meaning use the display that frame is on). If | |
12098 | 1261 you omit the @var{display} argument, or specify @code{nil}, that means |
1262 to use the selected frame's display. | |
6547 | 1263 |
12067 | 1264 @defun x-display-screens &optional display |
1265 This function returns the number of screens associated with the display. | |
6547 | 1266 @end defun |
1267 | |
12067 | 1268 @defun x-server-version &optional display |
1269 This function returns the list of version numbers of the X server | |
1270 running the display. | |
6547 | 1271 @end defun |
1272 | |
12067 | 1273 @defun x-server-vendor &optional display |
1274 This function returns the vendor that provided the X server software. | |
6547 | 1275 @end defun |
1276 | |
12067 | 1277 @defun x-display-pixel-height &optional display |
1278 This function returns the height of the screen in pixels. | |
6547 | 1279 @end defun |
1280 | |
12067 | 1281 @defun x-display-mm-height &optional display |
1282 This function returns the height of the screen in millimeters. | |
6547 | 1283 @end defun |
1284 | |
12067 | 1285 @defun x-display-pixel-width &optional display |
1286 This function returns the width of the screen in pixels. | |
6547 | 1287 @end defun |
1288 | |
12067 | 1289 @defun x-display-mm-width &optional display |
1290 This function returns the width of the screen in millimeters. | |
1291 @end defun | |
1292 | |
1293 @defun x-display-backing-store &optional display | |
1294 This function returns the backing store capability of the screen. | |
6547 | 1295 Values can be the symbols @code{always}, @code{when-mapped}, or |
1296 @code{not-useful}. | |
1297 @end defun | |
1298 | |
12067 | 1299 @defun x-display-save-under &optional display |
1300 This function returns non-@code{nil} if the display supports the | |
6547 | 1301 SaveUnder feature. |
1302 @end defun | |
1303 | |
12067 | 1304 @defun x-display-planes &optional display |
1305 This function returns the number of planes the display supports. | |
6547 | 1306 @end defun |
1307 | |
12067 | 1308 @defun x-display-visual-class &optional display |
1309 This function returns the visual class for the screen. The value is one | |
1310 of the symbols @code{static-gray}, @code{gray-scale}, | |
6547 | 1311 @code{static-color}, @code{pseudo-color}, @code{true-color}, and |
1312 @code{direct-color}. | |
1313 @end defun | |
1314 | |
12067 | 1315 @defun x-display-grayscale-p &optional display |
1316 This function returns @code{t} if the screen can display shades of gray. | |
6547 | 1317 @end defun |
1318 | |
12067 | 1319 @defun x-display-color-p &optional display |
1320 This function returns @code{t} if the screen is a color screen. | |
1321 @end defun | |
1322 | |
1323 @defun x-display-color-cells &optional display | |
1324 This function returns the number of color cells the screen supports. | |
6547 | 1325 @end defun |
1326 | |
1327 @ignore | |
1328 @defvar x-no-window-manager | |
1329 This variable's value is is @code{t} if no X window manager is in use. | |
1330 @end defvar | |
1331 @end ignore | |
1332 | |
1333 @ignore | |
1334 @item | |
1335 The functions @code{x-pixel-width} and @code{x-pixel-height} return the | |
1336 width and height of an X Window frame, measured in pixels. | |
1337 @end ignore |