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annotate man/entering.texi @ 69357:1f70898570ca
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Mailutils compatibility (closes SF #1446985).
author | Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com> |
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date | Fri, 10 Mar 2006 16:56:16 +0000 |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2004, |
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3 @c 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
5 @node Entering Emacs, Exiting, Text Characters, Top | |
6 @chapter Entering and Exiting Emacs | |
7 @cindex entering Emacs | |
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8 @cindex starting Emacs |
25829 | 9 |
68458 | 10 The usual way to invoke Emacs is with the shell command |
11 @command{emacs}. Emacs clears the screen and then displays an initial | |
12 help message and copyright notice. Some operating systems discard all | |
13 type-ahead when Emacs starts up; they give Emacs no way to prevent | |
14 this. If you ever use those systems, learn the habit of waiting for | |
15 Emacs to clear the screen before typing your first editing command. | |
25829 | 16 |
17 If you run Emacs from a shell window under the X Window System, run it | |
29107 | 18 in the background with @command{emacs&}. This way, Emacs does not tie up |
25829 | 19 the shell window, so you can use that to run other shell commands while |
20 Emacs operates its own X windows. You can begin typing Emacs commands | |
21 as soon as you direct your keyboard input to the Emacs frame. | |
22 | |
23 @vindex initial-major-mode | |
38954 | 24 When Emacs starts up, it creates a buffer named @samp{*scratch*}. |
68458 | 25 That's the buffer you start out in. The @samp{*scratch*} buffer uses |
26 Lisp Interaction mode; you can use it to type Lisp expressions and | |
27 evaluate them, or you can ignore that capability and just write notes | |
28 in it. (You can specify a different major mode for this buffer by | |
29 setting the variable @code{initial-major-mode} in your init file. | |
30 @xref{Init File}.) | |
25829 | 31 |
32 It is possible to specify files to be visited, Lisp files to be | |
33 loaded, and functions to be called, by giving Emacs arguments in the | |
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34 shell command line. @xref{Emacs Invocation}. But we don't recommend |
25829 | 35 doing this. The feature exists mainly for compatibility with other |
36 editors. | |
37 | |
38 Many other editors are designed to be started afresh each time you | |
39 want to edit. You edit one file and then exit the editor. The next | |
40 time you want to edit either another file or the same one, you must run | |
41 the editor again. With these editors, it makes sense to use a | |
42 command-line argument to say which file to edit. | |
43 | |
44 But starting a new Emacs each time you want to edit a different file | |
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45 does not make sense. This would fail to take advantage of Emacs's |
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46 ability to visit more than one file in a single editing session, and |
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47 it would lose the other accumulated context, such as the kill ring, |
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48 registers, undo history, and mark ring, that are useful for operating |
68458 | 49 on multiple files or even one. |
25829 | 50 |
51 The recommended way to use GNU Emacs is to start it only once, just | |
52 after you log in, and do all your editing in the same Emacs session. | |
53 Each time you want to edit a different file, you visit it with the | |
54 existing Emacs, which eventually comes to have many files in it ready | |
55 for editing. Usually you do not kill the Emacs until you are about to | |
56 log out. @xref{Files}, for more information on visiting more than one | |
57 file. | |
58 | |
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59 If you want to edit a file from another program and already have |
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60 Emacs running, you can use the @command{emacsclient} program to open a |
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61 file in the already running Emacs. @xref{Emacs Server}, for more |
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62 information on editing files with Emacs from other programs. |
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63 |
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64 @ifnottex |
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65 @raisesections |
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66 @end ifnottex |
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67 |
25829 | 68 @node Exiting, Basic, Entering Emacs, Top |
69 @section Exiting Emacs | |
70 @cindex exiting | |
71 @cindex killing Emacs | |
72 @cindex suspending | |
73 @cindex leaving Emacs | |
74 @cindex quitting Emacs | |
75 | |
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76 There are two commands for exiting Emacs because there are three |
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77 kinds of exiting: @dfn{suspending} Emacs, @dfn{Iconifying} Emacs, and |
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78 @dfn{killing} Emacs. |
25829 | 79 |
80 @dfn{Suspending} means stopping Emacs temporarily and returning | |
81 control to its parent process (usually a shell), allowing you to resume | |
82 editing later in the same Emacs job, with the same buffers, same kill | |
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83 ring, same undo history, and so on. This is the usual way to exit Emacs |
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84 when running on a text terminal. |
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85 |
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86 @dfn{Iconifying} means replacing the Emacs frame with a small box |
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87 somewhere on the screen. This is the usual way to exit Emacs when you're |
68458 | 88 using a graphics terminal---if you bother to ``exit'' at all. (Just switching |
89 to another application is usually sufficient.) | |
25829 | 90 |
91 @dfn{Killing} Emacs means destroying the Emacs job. You can run Emacs | |
92 again later, but you will get a fresh Emacs; there is no way to resume | |
93 the same editing session after it has been killed. | |
94 | |
95 @table @kbd | |
96 @item C-z | |
97 Suspend Emacs (@code{suspend-emacs}) or iconify a frame | |
98 (@code{iconify-or-deiconify-frame}). | |
99 @item C-x C-c | |
100 Kill Emacs (@code{save-buffers-kill-emacs}). | |
101 @end table | |
102 | |
103 @kindex C-z | |
104 @findex suspend-emacs | |
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105 To suspend or iconify Emacs, type @kbd{C-z} (@code{suspend-emacs}). |
68458 | 106 On text terminals, this suspends Emacs. On graphical displays, |
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107 it iconifies the Emacs frame. |
25829 | 108 |
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109 Suspending Emacs takes you back to the shell from which you invoked |
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110 Emacs. You can resume Emacs with the shell command @command{%emacs} |
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111 in most common shells. On systems that don't support suspending |
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112 programs, @kbd{C-z} starts an inferior shell that communicates |
68458 | 113 directly with the terminal, and Emacs waits until you exit the subshell. |
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114 (The way to do that is probably with @kbd{C-d} or @command{exit}, but |
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115 it depends on which shell you use.) The only way on these systems to |
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116 get back to the shell from which Emacs was run (to log out, for |
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117 example) is to kill Emacs. |
25829 | 118 |
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119 Suspending can fail if you run Emacs under a shell that doesn't |
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120 support suspending programs, even if the system itself does support |
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121 it. In such a case, you can set the variable @code{cannot-suspend} to |
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122 a non-@code{nil} value to force @kbd{C-z} to start an inferior shell. |
25829 | 123 (One might also describe Emacs's parent shell as ``inferior'' for |
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124 failing to support job control properly, but that is a matter of |
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125 taste.) |
25829 | 126 |
68458 | 127 On graphical displays, @kbd{C-z} has a different meaning: it runs |
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128 the command @code{iconify-or-deiconify-frame}, which temporarily |
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129 iconifies (or ``minimizes'') the selected Emacs frame |
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130 (@pxref{Frames}). Then you can use the window manager to get back to |
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131 a shell window. |
25829 | 132 |
133 @kindex C-x C-c | |
134 @findex save-buffers-kill-emacs | |
38954 | 135 To exit and kill Emacs, type @kbd{C-x C-c} |
136 (@code{save-buffers-kill-emacs}). A two-character key is used for | |
137 this to make it harder to type by accident. This command first offers | |
138 to save any modified file-visiting buffers. If you do not save them | |
139 all, it asks for reconfirmation with @kbd{yes} before killing Emacs, | |
140 since any changes not saved will be lost forever. Also, if any | |
141 subprocesses are still running, @kbd{C-x C-c} asks for confirmation | |
142 about them, since killing Emacs will also kill the subprocesses. | |
25829 | 143 |
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144 @vindex confirm-kill-emacs |
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145 If the value of the variable @code{confirm-kill-emacs} is |
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146 non-@code{nil}, @kbd{C-x C-c} assumes that its value is a predicate |
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147 function, and calls that function. If the result is non-@code{nil}, the |
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148 session is killed, otherwise Emacs continues to run. One convenient |
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149 function to use as the value of @code{confirm-kill-emacs} is the |
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150 function @code{yes-or-no-p}. The default value of |
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151 @code{confirm-kill-emacs} is @code{nil}. |
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152 |
38954 | 153 There is no way to resume an Emacs session once you have killed it. |
25829 | 154 You can, however, arrange for Emacs to record certain session |
38954 | 155 information when you kill it, such as which files are visited, so that |
156 the next time you start Emacs it will try to visit the same files and | |
25829 | 157 so on. @xref{Saving Emacs Sessions}. |
158 | |
159 The operating system usually listens for certain special characters | |
160 whose meaning is to kill or suspend the program you are running. | |
161 @b{This operating system feature is turned off while you are in Emacs.} | |
162 The meanings of @kbd{C-z} and @kbd{C-x C-c} as keys in Emacs were | |
163 inspired by the use of @kbd{C-z} and @kbd{C-c} on several operating | |
164 systems as the characters for stopping or killing a program, but that is | |
165 their only relationship with the operating system. You can customize | |
166 these keys to run any commands of your choice (@pxref{Keymaps}). | |
52401 | 167 |
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168 @ifnottex |
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169 @lowersections |
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170 @end ifnottex |
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171 |
52401 | 172 @ignore |
173 arch-tag: df798d8b-f253-4113-b585-f528f078a944 | |
174 @end ignore |