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author | Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org> |
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date | Fri, 18 May 2001 11:31:06 +0000 |
parents | 8900b620b72c |
children | 4f1705a63f02 |
rev | line source |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
3 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. | |
4 @node Rmail, Dired, Sending Mail, Top | |
5 @chapter Reading Mail with Rmail | |
6 @cindex Rmail | |
7 @cindex reading mail | |
8 @findex rmail | |
9 @findex rmail-mode | |
10 @vindex rmail-mode-hook | |
11 | |
12 Rmail is an Emacs subsystem for reading and disposing of mail that you | |
13 receive. Rmail stores mail messages in files called Rmail files. | |
14 Reading the message in an Rmail file is done in a special major mode, | |
15 Rmail mode, which redefines most letters to run commands for managing | |
16 mail. The command @code{rmail-mode} is used to switch into Rmail mode, | |
17 and it runs the hook @code{rmail-mode-hook} as usual, but don't run this | |
18 command by hand; it can't do a reasonable job unless the buffer is | |
19 visiting a proper Rmail file. | |
20 | |
21 @menu | |
22 * Basic: Rmail Basics. Basic concepts of Rmail, and simple use. | |
23 * Scroll: Rmail Scrolling. Scrolling through a message. | |
24 * Motion: Rmail Motion. Moving to another message. | |
25 * Deletion: Rmail Deletion. Deleting and expunging messages. | |
26 * Inbox: Rmail Inbox. How mail gets into the Rmail file. | |
27 * Files: Rmail Files. Using multiple Rmail files. | |
28 * Output: Rmail Output. Copying message out to files. | |
29 * Labels: Rmail Labels. Classifying messages by labeling them. | |
30 * Attrs: Rmail Attributes. Certain standard labels, called attributes. | |
31 * Reply: Rmail Reply. Sending replies to messages you are viewing. | |
32 * Summary: Rmail Summary. Summaries show brief info on many messages. | |
33 * Sort: Rmail Sorting. Sorting messages in Rmail. | |
34 * Display: Rmail Display. How Rmail displays a message; customization. | |
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35 * Coding: Rmail Coding. How Rmail handles decoding character sets. |
25829 | 36 * Editing: Rmail Editing. Editing message text and headers in Rmail. |
37 * Digest: Rmail Digest. Extracting the messages from a digest message. | |
38 * Out of Rmail:: Converting an Rmail file to mailbox format. | |
39 * Rot13: Rmail Rot13. Reading messages encoded in the rot13 code. | |
40 * Movemail: Movemail. More details of fetching new mail. | |
41 @end menu | |
42 | |
43 @node Rmail Basics | |
44 @section Basic Concepts of Rmail | |
45 | |
46 @cindex primary Rmail file | |
47 @vindex rmail-file-name | |
48 Using Rmail in the simplest fashion, you have one Rmail file | |
49 @file{~/RMAIL} in which all of your mail is saved. It is called your | |
50 @dfn{primary Rmail file}. The command @kbd{M-x rmail} reads your primary | |
51 Rmail file, merges new mail in from your inboxes, displays the first | |
52 message you haven't read yet, and lets you begin reading. The variable | |
53 @code{rmail-file-name} specifies the name of the primary Rmail file. | |
54 | |
55 Rmail uses narrowing to hide all but one message in the Rmail file. | |
56 The message that is shown is called the @dfn{current message}. Rmail | |
57 mode's special commands can do such things as delete the current | |
58 message, copy it into another file, send a reply, or move to another | |
59 message. You can also create multiple Rmail files and use Rmail to move | |
60 messages between them. | |
61 | |
62 @cindex message number | |
63 Within the Rmail file, messages are normally arranged sequentially in | |
64 order of receipt; you can specify other ways to sort them. Messages are | |
65 assigned consecutive integers as their @dfn{message numbers}. The | |
66 number of the current message is displayed in Rmail's mode line, | |
67 followed by the total number of messages in the file. You can move to a | |
68 message by specifying its message number with the @kbd{j} key | |
69 (@pxref{Rmail Motion}). | |
70 | |
71 @kindex s @r{(Rmail)} | |
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72 @findex rmail-expunge-and-save |
25829 | 73 Following the usual conventions of Emacs, changes in an Rmail file |
74 become permanent only when the file is saved. You can save it with | |
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75 @kbd{s} (@code{rmail-expunge-and-save}), which also expunges deleted |
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76 messages from the file first (@pxref{Rmail Deletion}). To save the |
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77 file without expunging, use @kbd{C-x C-s}. Rmail also saves the Rmail |
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78 file after merging new mail from an inbox file (@pxref{Rmail Inbox}). |
25829 | 79 |
80 @kindex q @r{(Rmail)} | |
81 @findex rmail-quit | |
82 @kindex b @r{(Rmail)} | |
83 @findex rmail-bury | |
84 You can exit Rmail with @kbd{q} (@code{rmail-quit}); this expunges and | |
85 saves the Rmail file and then switches to another buffer. But there is | |
36185 | 86 no need to ``exit'' formally. If you switch from Rmail to editing in |
25829 | 87 other buffers, and never happen to switch back, you have exited. (The |
88 Rmail command @kbd{b}, @code{rmail-bury}, does this for you.) Just make | |
89 sure to save the Rmail file eventually (like any other file you have | |
90 changed). @kbd{C-x s} is a good enough way to do this | |
91 (@pxref{Saving}). | |
92 | |
93 @node Rmail Scrolling | |
94 @section Scrolling Within a Message | |
95 | |
96 When Rmail displays a message that does not fit on the screen, you | |
97 must scroll through it to read the rest. You could do this with | |
98 @kbd{C-v}, @kbd{M-v} and @kbd{M-<}, but in Rmail scrolling is so | |
99 frequent that it deserves to be easier to type. | |
100 | |
101 @table @kbd | |
102 @item @key{SPC} | |
103 Scroll forward (@code{scroll-up}). | |
104 @item @key{DEL} | |
105 Scroll backward (@code{scroll-down}). | |
106 @item . | |
107 Scroll to start of message (@code{rmail-beginning-of-message}). | |
108 @end table | |
109 | |
110 @kindex SPC @r{(Rmail)} | |
111 @kindex DEL @r{(Rmail)} | |
112 Since the most common thing to do while reading a message is to scroll | |
113 through it by screenfuls, Rmail makes @key{SPC} and @key{DEL} synonyms of | |
114 @kbd{C-v} (@code{scroll-up}) and @kbd{M-v} (@code{scroll-down}) | |
115 | |
116 @kindex . @r{(Rmail)} | |
117 @findex rmail-beginning-of-message | |
118 The command @kbd{.} (@code{rmail-beginning-of-message}) scrolls back to the | |
119 beginning of the selected message. This is not quite the same as @kbd{M-<}: | |
120 for one thing, it does not set the mark; for another, it resets the buffer | |
121 boundaries to the current message if you have changed them. | |
122 | |
123 @node Rmail Motion | |
124 @section Moving Among Messages | |
125 | |
126 The most basic thing to do with a message is to read it. The way to | |
127 do this in Rmail is to make the message current. The usual practice is | |
128 to move sequentially through the file, since this is the order of | |
129 receipt of messages. When you enter Rmail, you are positioned at the | |
130 first message that you have not yet made current (that is, the first one | |
131 that has the @samp{unseen} attribute; @pxref{Rmail Attributes}). Move | |
132 forward to see the other new messages; move backward to reexamine old | |
133 messages. | |
134 | |
135 @table @kbd | |
136 @item n | |
137 Move to the next nondeleted message, skipping any intervening deleted | |
138 messages (@code{rmail-next-undeleted-message}). | |
139 @item p | |
140 Move to the previous nondeleted message | |
141 (@code{rmail-previous-undeleted-message}). | |
142 @item M-n | |
143 Move to the next message, including deleted messages | |
144 (@code{rmail-next-message}). | |
145 @item M-p | |
146 Move to the previous message, including deleted messages | |
147 (@code{rmail-previous-message}). | |
148 @item j | |
149 Move to the first message. With argument @var{n}, move to | |
150 message number @var{n} (@code{rmail-show-message}). | |
151 @item > | |
152 Move to the last message (@code{rmail-last-message}). | |
153 @item < | |
154 Move to the first message (@code{rmail-first-message}). | |
155 | |
156 @item M-s @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
157 Move to the next message containing a match for @var{regexp} | |
158 (@code{rmail-search}). | |
159 | |
160 @item - M-s @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
161 Move to the previous message containing a match for @var{regexp}. | |
162 @end table | |
163 | |
164 @kindex n @r{(Rmail)} | |
165 @kindex p @r{(Rmail)} | |
166 @kindex M-n @r{(Rmail)} | |
167 @kindex M-p @r{(Rmail)} | |
168 @findex rmail-next-undeleted-message | |
169 @findex rmail-previous-undeleted-message | |
170 @findex rmail-next-message | |
171 @findex rmail-previous-message | |
172 @kbd{n} and @kbd{p} are the usual way of moving among messages in | |
173 Rmail. They move through the messages sequentially, but skip over | |
174 deleted messages, which is usually what you want to do. Their command | |
175 definitions are named @code{rmail-next-undeleted-message} and | |
176 @code{rmail-previous-undeleted-message}. If you do not want to skip | |
177 deleted messages---for example, if you want to move to a message to | |
178 undelete it---use the variants @kbd{M-n} and @kbd{M-p} | |
179 (@code{rmail-next-message} and @code{rmail-previous-message}). A | |
180 numeric argument to any of these commands serves as a repeat | |
181 count.@refill | |
182 | |
183 In Rmail, you can specify a numeric argument by typing just the | |
184 digits. You don't need to type @kbd{C-u} first. | |
185 | |
186 @kindex M-s @r{(Rmail)} | |
187 @findex rmail-search | |
188 @cindex searching in Rmail | |
189 The @kbd{M-s} (@code{rmail-search}) command is Rmail's version of | |
190 search. The usual incremental search command @kbd{C-s} works in Rmail, | |
191 but it searches only within the current message. The purpose of | |
192 @kbd{M-s} is to search for another message. It reads a regular | |
193 expression (@pxref{Regexps}) nonincrementally, then searches starting at | |
194 the beginning of the following message for a match. It then selects | |
195 that message. If @var{regexp} is empty, @kbd{M-s} reuses the regexp | |
196 used the previous time. | |
197 | |
198 To search backward in the file for another message, give @kbd{M-s} a | |
199 negative argument. In Rmail you can do this with @kbd{- M-s}. | |
200 | |
201 It is also possible to search for a message based on labels. | |
202 @xref{Rmail Labels}. | |
203 | |
204 @kindex j @r{(Rmail)} | |
205 @kindex > @r{(Rmail)} | |
206 @kindex < @r{(Rmail)} | |
207 @findex rmail-show-message | |
208 @findex rmail-last-message | |
209 @findex rmail-first-message | |
210 To move to a message specified by absolute message number, use @kbd{j} | |
211 (@code{rmail-show-message}) with the message number as argument. With | |
212 no argument, @kbd{j} selects the first message. @kbd{<} | |
213 (@code{rmail-first-message}) also selects the first message. @kbd{>} | |
214 (@code{rmail-last-message}) selects the last message. | |
215 | |
216 @node Rmail Deletion | |
217 @section Deleting Messages | |
218 | |
219 @cindex deletion (Rmail) | |
220 When you no longer need to keep a message, you can @dfn{delete} it. This | |
221 flags it as ignorable, and some Rmail commands pretend it is no longer | |
222 present; but it still has its place in the Rmail file, and still has its | |
223 message number. | |
224 | |
225 @cindex expunging (Rmail) | |
226 @dfn{Expunging} the Rmail file actually removes the deleted messages. | |
227 The remaining messages are renumbered consecutively. Expunging is the only | |
228 action that changes the message number of any message, except for | |
229 undigestifying (@pxref{Rmail Digest}). | |
230 | |
231 @table @kbd | |
232 @item d | |
233 Delete the current message, and move to the next nondeleted message | |
234 (@code{rmail-delete-forward}). | |
235 @item C-d | |
236 Delete the current message, and move to the previous nondeleted | |
237 message (@code{rmail-delete-backward}). | |
238 @item u | |
239 Undelete the current message, or move back to a deleted message and | |
240 undelete it (@code{rmail-undelete-previous-message}). | |
241 @item x | |
242 Expunge the Rmail file (@code{rmail-expunge}). | |
243 @end table | |
244 | |
245 @kindex d @r{(Rmail)} | |
246 @kindex C-d @r{(Rmail)} | |
247 @findex rmail-delete-forward | |
248 @findex rmail-delete-backward | |
249 There are two Rmail commands for deleting messages. Both delete the | |
250 current message and select another message. @kbd{d} | |
251 (@code{rmail-delete-forward}) moves to the following message, skipping | |
252 messages already deleted, while @kbd{C-d} (@code{rmail-delete-backward}) | |
253 moves to the previous nondeleted message. If there is no nondeleted | |
254 message to move to in the specified direction, the message that was just | |
255 deleted remains current. A numeric argument to either command reverses | |
256 the direction of motion after deletion. | |
257 | |
258 @vindex rmail-delete-message-hook | |
259 Whenever Rmail deletes a message, it invokes the function(s) listed in | |
260 @code{rmail-delete-message-hook}. When the hook functions are invoked, | |
261 the message has been marked deleted, but it is still the current message | |
262 in the Rmail buffer. | |
263 | |
264 @cindex undeletion (Rmail) | |
265 @kindex x @r{(Rmail)} | |
266 @findex rmail-expunge | |
267 @kindex u @r{(Rmail)} | |
268 @findex rmail-undelete-previous-message | |
269 To make all the deleted messages finally vanish from the Rmail file, | |
270 type @kbd{x} (@code{rmail-expunge}). Until you do this, you can still | |
271 @dfn{undelete} the deleted messages. The undeletion command, @kbd{u} | |
272 (@code{rmail-undelete-previous-message}), is designed to cancel the | |
273 effect of a @kbd{d} command in most cases. It undeletes the current | |
274 message if the current message is deleted. Otherwise it moves backward | |
275 to previous messages until a deleted message is found, and undeletes | |
276 that message. | |
277 | |
278 You can usually undo a @kbd{d} with a @kbd{u} because the @kbd{u} | |
279 moves back to and undeletes the message that the @kbd{d} deleted. But | |
280 this does not work when the @kbd{d} skips a few already-deleted messages | |
281 that follow the message being deleted; then the @kbd{u} command | |
282 undeletes the last of the messages that were skipped. There is no clean | |
283 way to avoid this problem. However, by repeating the @kbd{u} command, | |
284 you can eventually get back to the message that you intend to | |
285 undelete. You can also select a particular deleted message with | |
286 the @kbd{M-p} command, then type @kbd{u} to undelete it. | |
287 | |
288 A deleted message has the @samp{deleted} attribute, and as a result | |
289 @samp{deleted} appears in the mode line when the current message is | |
290 deleted. In fact, deleting or undeleting a message is nothing more than | |
291 adding or removing this attribute. @xref{Rmail Attributes}. | |
292 | |
293 @node Rmail Inbox | |
294 @section Rmail Files and Inboxes | |
295 @cindex inbox file | |
296 | |
297 The operating system places incoming mail for you in a file that we | |
298 call your @dfn{inbox}. When you start up Rmail, it runs a C program | |
299 called @code{movemail} to copy the new messages from your inbox into | |
300 your primary Rmail file, which also contains other messages saved from | |
301 previous Rmail sessions. It is in this file that you actually read the | |
302 mail with Rmail. This operation is called @dfn{getting new mail}. You | |
303 can get new mail at any time in Rmail by typing @kbd{g}. | |
304 | |
305 @vindex rmail-primary-inbox-list | |
29107 | 306 @cindex @env{MAIL} environment variable |
25829 | 307 The variable @code{rmail-primary-inbox-list} contains a list of the |
308 files which are inboxes for your primary Rmail file. If you don't set | |
29107 | 309 this variable explicitly, it is initialized from the @env{MAIL} |
25829 | 310 environment variable, or, as a last resort, set to @code{nil}, which |
311 means to use the default inbox. The default inbox is | |
312 @file{/var/mail/@var{username}}, @file{/usr/spool/mail/@var{username}}, | |
313 or @file{/usr/mail/@var{username}}, depending on your operating system. | |
314 | |
315 To see what the default is on your system, use @kbd{C-h v | |
316 rmail-primary-inbox @key{RET}}. You can specify the inbox file(s) for | |
317 any Rmail file with the command @code{set-rmail-inbox-list}; see | |
318 @ref{Rmail Files}. | |
319 | |
320 There are two reasons for having separate Rmail files and inboxes. | |
321 | |
322 @enumerate | |
323 @item | |
324 The inbox file format varies between operating systems and according to | |
325 the other mail software in use. Only one part of Rmail needs to know | |
326 about the alternatives, and it need only understand how to convert all | |
327 of them to Rmail's own format. | |
328 | |
329 @item | |
330 It is very cumbersome to access an inbox file without danger of losing | |
331 mail, because it is necessary to interlock with mail delivery. | |
332 Moreover, different operating systems use different interlocking | |
333 techniques. The strategy of moving mail out of the inbox once and for | |
334 all into a separate Rmail file avoids the need for interlocking in all | |
335 the rest of Rmail, since only Rmail operates on the Rmail file. | |
336 @end enumerate | |
337 | |
338 Rmail was written to use Babyl format as its internal format. Since | |
339 then, we have recognized that the usual inbox format on Unix and GNU | |
340 systems is adequate for the job, and we plan to change Rmail to use that | |
341 as its internal format. However, the Rmail file will still be separate | |
342 from the inbox file, even on systems where their format is the same. | |
343 | |
344 @node Rmail Files | |
345 @section Multiple Rmail Files | |
346 | |
347 Rmail operates by default on your @dfn{primary Rmail file}, which is named | |
348 @file{~/RMAIL} and receives your incoming mail from your system inbox file. | |
349 But you can also have other Rmail files and edit them with Rmail. These | |
350 files can receive mail through their own inboxes, or you can move messages | |
351 into them with explicit Rmail commands (@pxref{Rmail Output}). | |
352 | |
353 @table @kbd | |
354 @item i @var{file} @key{RET} | |
355 Read @var{file} into Emacs and run Rmail on it (@code{rmail-input}). | |
356 | |
357 @item M-x set-rmail-inbox-list @key{RET} @var{files} @key{RET} | |
358 Specify inbox file names for current Rmail file to get mail from. | |
359 | |
360 @item g | |
361 Merge new mail from current Rmail file's inboxes | |
362 (@code{rmail-get-new-mail}). | |
363 | |
364 @item C-u g @var{file} @key{RET} | |
365 Merge new mail from inbox file @var{file}. | |
366 @end table | |
367 | |
368 @kindex i @r{(Rmail)} | |
369 @findex rmail-input | |
370 To run Rmail on a file other than your primary Rmail file, you may use | |
371 the @kbd{i} (@code{rmail-input}) command in Rmail. This visits the file | |
372 in Rmail mode. You can use @kbd{M-x rmail-input} even when not in | |
373 Rmail. | |
374 | |
375 The file you read with @kbd{i} should normally be a valid Rmail file. | |
376 If it is not, Rmail tries to decompose it into a stream of messages in | |
377 various known formats. If it succeeds, it converts the whole file to an | |
378 Rmail file. If you specify a file name that doesn't exist, @kbd{i} | |
379 initializes a new buffer for creating a new Rmail file. | |
380 | |
381 @vindex rmail-secondary-file-directory | |
382 @vindex rmail-secondary-file-regexp | |
383 You can also select an Rmail file from a menu. Choose first the menu | |
384 bar Classify item, then from the Classify menu choose the Input Rmail | |
385 File item; then choose the Rmail file you want. The variables | |
386 @code{rmail-secondary-file-directory} and | |
387 @code{rmail-secondary-file-regexp} specify which files to offer in the | |
388 menu: the first variable says which directory to find them in; the | |
389 second says which files in that directory to offer (all those that match | |
390 the regular expression). These variables also apply to choosing a file | |
391 for output (@pxref{Rmail Output}). | |
392 | |
393 @findex set-rmail-inbox-list | |
394 Each Rmail file can contain a list of inbox file names; you can specify | |
395 this list with @kbd{M-x set-rmail-inbox-list @key{RET} @var{files} | |
396 @key{RET}}. The argument can contain any number of file names, separated | |
397 by commas. It can also be empty, which specifies that this file should | |
398 have no inboxes. Once a list of inboxes is specified, the Rmail file | |
399 remembers it permanently until you specify a different list. | |
400 | |
401 As a special exception, if your primary Rmail file does not specify any | |
402 inbox files, it uses your standard system inbox. | |
403 | |
404 @kindex g @r{(Rmail)} | |
405 @findex rmail-get-new-mail | |
406 The @kbd{g} command (@code{rmail-get-new-mail}) merges mail into the | |
407 current Rmail file from its specified inboxes. If the Rmail file | |
408 has no inboxes, @kbd{g} does nothing. The command @kbd{M-x rmail} | |
409 also merges new mail into your primary Rmail file. | |
410 | |
411 To merge mail from a file that is not the usual inbox, give the | |
412 @kbd{g} key a numeric argument, as in @kbd{C-u g}. Then it reads a file | |
413 name and merges mail from that file. The inbox file is not deleted or | |
414 changed in any way when @kbd{g} with an argument is used. This is, | |
415 therefore, a general way of merging one file of messages into another. | |
416 | |
417 @node Rmail Output | |
418 @section Copying Messages Out to Files | |
419 | |
420 These commands copy messages from an Rmail file into another file. | |
421 | |
422 @table @kbd | |
423 @item o @var{file} @key{RET} | |
424 Append a copy of the current message to the file @var{file}, using Rmail | |
425 file format by default (@code{rmail-output-to-rmail-file}). | |
426 | |
427 @item C-o @var{file} @key{RET} | |
428 Append a copy of the current message to the file @var{file}, using | |
429 system inbox file format by default (@code{rmail-output}). | |
430 | |
431 @item w @var{file} @key{RET} | |
432 Output just the message body to the file @var{file}, taking the default | |
433 file name from the message @samp{Subject} header. | |
434 @end table | |
435 | |
436 @kindex o @r{(Rmail)} | |
437 @findex rmail-output-to-rmail-file | |
438 @kindex C-o @r{(Rmail)} | |
439 @findex rmail-output | |
440 The commands @kbd{o} and @kbd{C-o} copy the current message into a | |
441 specified file. This file may be an Rmail file or it may be in system | |
442 inbox format; the output commands ascertain the file's format and write | |
443 the copied message in that format. | |
444 | |
445 When copying a message to a file in Unix mail file format, these | |
446 commands include whichever header fields are currently visible. Use the | |
447 @kbd{t} command first, if you wish, to specify which headers to show | |
448 (and copy). | |
449 | |
450 The @kbd{o} and @kbd{C-o} commands differ in two ways: each has its | |
451 own separate default file name, and each specifies a choice of format to | |
452 use when the file does not already exist. The @kbd{o} command uses | |
453 Rmail format when it creates a new file, while @kbd{C-o} uses system | |
454 inbox format for a new file. The default file name for @kbd{o} is the | |
455 file name used last with @kbd{o}, and the default file name for | |
456 @kbd{C-o} is the file name used last with @kbd{C-o}. | |
457 | |
458 If the output file is an Rmail file currently visited in an Emacs buffer, | |
459 the output commands copy the message into that buffer. It is up to you | |
460 to save the buffer eventually in its file. | |
461 | |
462 @kindex w @r{(Rmail)} | |
463 @findex rmail-output-body-to-file | |
464 Sometimes you may receive a message whose body holds the contents of a | |
465 file. You can save the body to a file (excluding the message header) | |
466 with the @kbd{w} command (@code{rmail-output-body-to-file}). Often | |
467 these messages contain the intended file name in the @samp{Subject} | |
468 field, so the @kbd{w} command uses the @samp{Subject} field as the | |
469 default for the output file name. However, the file name is read using | |
470 the minibuffer, so you can specify a different name if you wish. | |
471 | |
472 You can also output a message to an Rmail file chosen with a menu. | |
473 Choose first the menu bar Classify item, then from the Classify menu | |
474 choose the Output Rmail File menu item; then choose the Rmail file you want. | |
475 This outputs the current message to that file, like the @kbd{o} command. | |
476 The variables @code{rmail-secondary-file-directory} and | |
477 @code{rmail-secondary-file-regexp} specify which files to offer in the | |
478 menu: the first variable says which directory to find them in; the | |
479 second says which files in that directory to offer (all those that match | |
480 the regular expression). | |
481 | |
482 @vindex rmail-delete-after-output | |
483 Copying a message gives the original copy of the message the | |
484 @samp{filed} attribute, so that @samp{filed} appears in the mode line | |
485 when such a message is current. If you like to keep just a single copy | |
486 of every mail message, set the variable @code{rmail-delete-after-output} | |
487 to @code{t}; then the @kbd{o} and @kbd{C-o} commands delete the original | |
488 message after copying it. (You can undelete the original afterward if | |
489 you wish.) | |
490 | |
491 Copying messages into files in system inbox format uses the header | |
492 fields that are displayed in Rmail at the time. Thus, if you use the | |
493 @kbd{t} command to view the entire header and then copy the message, the | |
494 entire header is copied. @xref{Rmail Display}. | |
495 | |
496 @vindex rmail-output-file-alist | |
497 The variable @code{rmail-output-file-alist} lets you specify | |
498 intelligent defaults for the output file, based on the contents of the | |
499 current message. The value should be a list whose elements have this | |
500 form: | |
501 | |
502 @example | |
503 (@var{regexp} . @var{name-exp}) | |
504 @end example | |
505 | |
506 @noindent | |
507 If there's a match for @var{regexp} in the current message, then the | |
508 default file name for output is @var{name-exp}. If multiple elements | |
509 match the message, the first matching element decides the default file | |
510 name. The subexpression @var{name-exp} may be a string constant giving | |
511 the file name to use, or more generally it may be any Lisp expression | |
512 that returns a file name as a string. @code{rmail-output-file-alist} | |
513 applies to both @kbd{o} and @kbd{C-o}. | |
514 | |
515 @node Rmail Labels | |
516 @section Labels | |
517 @cindex label (Rmail) | |
518 @cindex attribute (Rmail) | |
519 | |
520 Each message can have various @dfn{labels} assigned to it as a means | |
521 of classification. Each label has a name; different names are different | |
522 labels. Any given label is either present or absent on a particular | |
523 message. A few label names have standard meanings and are given to | |
524 messages automatically by Rmail when appropriate; these special labels | |
525 are called @dfn{attributes}. | |
526 @ifinfo | |
527 (@xref{Rmail Attributes}.) | |
528 @end ifinfo | |
529 All other labels are assigned only by users. | |
530 | |
531 @table @kbd | |
532 @item a @var{label} @key{RET} | |
533 Assign the label @var{label} to the current message (@code{rmail-add-label}). | |
534 @item k @var{label} @key{RET} | |
535 Remove the label @var{label} from the current message (@code{rmail-kill-label}). | |
536 @item C-M-n @var{labels} @key{RET} | |
537 Move to the next message that has one of the labels @var{labels} | |
538 (@code{rmail-next-labeled-message}). | |
539 @item C-M-p @var{labels} @key{RET} | |
540 Move to the previous message that has one of the labels @var{labels} | |
541 (@code{rmail-previous-labeled-message}). | |
542 @item C-M-l @var{labels} @key{RET} | |
543 Make a summary of all messages containing any of the labels @var{labels} | |
544 (@code{rmail-summary-by-labels}). | |
545 @end table | |
546 | |
547 @kindex a @r{(Rmail)} | |
548 @kindex k @r{(Rmail)} | |
549 @findex rmail-add-label | |
550 @findex rmail-kill-label | |
551 The @kbd{a} (@code{rmail-add-label}) and @kbd{k} | |
552 (@code{rmail-kill-label}) commands allow you to assign or remove any | |
553 label on the current message. If the @var{label} argument is empty, it | |
554 means to assign or remove the same label most recently assigned or | |
555 removed. | |
556 | |
557 Once you have given messages labels to classify them as you wish, there | |
558 are two ways to use the labels: in moving and in summaries. | |
559 | |
560 @kindex C-M-n @r{(Rmail)} | |
561 @kindex C-M-p @r{(Rmail)} | |
562 @findex rmail-next-labeled-message | |
563 @findex rmail-previous-labeled-message | |
564 The command @kbd{C-M-n @var{labels} @key{RET}} | |
565 (@code{rmail-next-labeled-message}) moves to the next message that has | |
566 one of the labels @var{labels}. The argument @var{labels} specifies one | |
567 or more label names, separated by commas. @kbd{C-M-p} | |
568 (@code{rmail-previous-labeled-message}) is similar, but moves backwards | |
569 to previous messages. A numeric argument to either command serves as a | |
570 repeat count. | |
571 | |
572 The command @kbd{C-M-l @var{labels} @key{RET}} | |
573 (@code{rmail-summary-by-labels}) displays a summary containing only the | |
574 messages that have at least one of a specified set of labels. The | |
575 argument @var{labels} is one or more label names, separated by commas. | |
576 @xref{Rmail Summary}, for information on summaries.@refill | |
577 | |
578 If the @var{labels} argument to @kbd{C-M-n}, @kbd{C-M-p} or | |
579 @kbd{C-M-l} is empty, it means to use the last set of labels specified | |
580 for any of these commands. | |
581 | |
582 @node Rmail Attributes | |
583 @section Rmail Attributes | |
584 | |
585 Some labels such as @samp{deleted} and @samp{filed} have built-in | |
586 meanings and are assigned to or removed from messages automatically at | |
587 appropriate times; these labels are called @dfn{attributes}. Here is a | |
588 list of Rmail attributes: | |
589 | |
590 @table @samp | |
591 @item unseen | |
592 Means the message has never been current. Assigned to messages when | |
593 they come from an inbox file, and removed when a message is made | |
594 current. When you start Rmail, it initially shows the first message | |
595 that has this attribute. | |
596 @item deleted | |
597 Means the message is deleted. Assigned by deletion commands and | |
598 removed by undeletion commands (@pxref{Rmail Deletion}). | |
599 @item filed | |
600 Means the message has been copied to some other file. Assigned by the | |
601 file output commands (@pxref{Rmail Files}). | |
602 @item answered | |
603 Means you have mailed an answer to the message. Assigned by the @kbd{r} | |
604 command (@code{rmail-reply}). @xref{Rmail Reply}. | |
605 @item forwarded | |
606 Means you have forwarded the message. Assigned by the @kbd{f} command | |
607 (@code{rmail-forward}). @xref{Rmail Reply}. | |
608 @item edited | |
609 Means you have edited the text of the message within Rmail. | |
610 @xref{Rmail Editing}. | |
611 @item resent | |
612 Means you have resent the message. Assigned by the command @kbd{M-x | |
613 rmail-resend}. @xref{Rmail Reply}. | |
614 @end table | |
615 | |
616 All other labels are assigned or removed only by the user, and have no | |
617 standard meaning. | |
618 | |
619 @node Rmail Reply | |
620 @section Sending Replies | |
621 | |
622 Rmail has several commands that use Mail mode to send outgoing mail. | |
623 @xref{Sending Mail}, for information on using Mail mode, including | |
624 certain features meant to work with Rmail. What this section documents | |
625 are the special commands of Rmail for entering Mail mode. Note that the | |
626 usual keys for sending mail---@kbd{C-x m}, @kbd{C-x 4 m}, and @kbd{C-x 5 | |
627 m}---are available in Rmail mode and work just as they usually do. | |
628 | |
629 @table @kbd | |
630 @item m | |
631 Send a message (@code{rmail-mail}). | |
632 @item c | |
633 Continue editing the already started outgoing message (@code{rmail-continue}). | |
634 @item r | |
635 Send a reply to the current Rmail message (@code{rmail-reply}). | |
636 @item f | |
637 Forward the current message to other users (@code{rmail-forward}). | |
638 @item C-u f | |
639 Resend the current message to other users (@code{rmail-resend}). | |
640 @item M-m | |
641 Try sending a bounced message a second time (@code{rmail-retry-failure}). | |
642 @end table | |
643 | |
644 @kindex r @r{(Rmail)} | |
645 @findex rmail-reply | |
646 @cindex reply to a message | |
647 The most common reason to send a message while in Rmail is to reply to | |
648 the message you are reading. To do this, type @kbd{r} | |
649 (@code{rmail-reply}). This displays the @samp{*mail*} buffer in another | |
650 window, much like @kbd{C-x 4 m}, but preinitializes the @samp{Subject}, | |
651 @samp{To}, @samp{CC} and @samp{In-reply-to} header fields based on the | |
652 message you are replying to. The @samp{To} field starts out as the | |
653 address of the person who sent the message you received, and the | |
654 @samp{CC} field starts out with all the other recipients of that | |
655 message. | |
656 | |
657 @vindex rmail-dont-reply-to-names | |
658 You can exclude certain recipients from being placed automatically in | |
659 the @samp{CC}, using the variable @code{rmail-dont-reply-to-names}. Its | |
660 value should be a regular expression (as a string); any recipient that | |
661 the regular expression matches, is excluded from the @samp{CC} field. | |
662 The default value matches your own name, and any name starting with | |
663 @samp{info-}. (Those names are excluded because there is a convention | |
664 of using them for large mailing lists to broadcast announcements.) | |
665 | |
666 To omit the @samp{CC} field completely for a particular reply, enter | |
667 the reply command with a numeric argument: @kbd{C-u r} or @kbd{1 r}. | |
668 | |
669 Once the @samp{*mail*} buffer has been initialized, editing and | |
670 sending the mail goes as usual (@pxref{Sending Mail}). You can edit the | |
671 presupplied header fields if they are not right for you. You can also | |
672 use the commands of Mail mode (@pxref{Mail Mode}), including @kbd{C-c | |
673 C-y} which yanks in the message that you are replying to. You can | |
674 switch to the Rmail buffer, select a different message there, switch | |
675 back, and yank the new current message. | |
676 | |
677 @kindex M-m @r{(Rmail)} | |
678 @findex rmail-retry-failure | |
679 @cindex retrying a failed message | |
680 @vindex rmail-retry-ignored-headers | |
681 Sometimes a message does not reach its destination. Mailers usually | |
682 send the failed message back to you, enclosed in a @dfn{failure | |
683 message}. The Rmail command @kbd{M-m} (@code{rmail-retry-failure}) | |
684 prepares to send the same message a second time: it sets up a | |
685 @samp{*mail*} buffer with the same text and header fields as before. If | |
686 you type @kbd{C-c C-c} right away, you send the message again exactly | |
687 the same as the first time. Alternatively, you can edit the text or | |
688 headers and then send it. The variable | |
689 @code{rmail-retry-ignored-headers}, in the same format as | |
690 @code{rmail-ignored-headers} (@pxref{Rmail Display}), controls which | |
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691 headers are stripped from the failed message when retrying it. |
25829 | 692 |
693 @kindex f @r{(Rmail)} | |
694 @findex rmail-forward | |
695 @cindex forwarding a message | |
696 Another frequent reason to send mail in Rmail is to @dfn{forward} the | |
697 current message to other users. @kbd{f} (@code{rmail-forward}) makes | |
698 this easy by preinitializing the @samp{*mail*} buffer with the current | |
699 message as the text, and a subject designating a forwarded message. All | |
700 you have to do is fill in the recipients and send. When you forward a | |
701 message, recipients get a message which is ``from'' you, and which has | |
702 the original message in its contents. | |
703 | |
704 @findex unforward-rmail-message | |
705 Forwarding a message encloses it between two delimiter lines. It also | |
706 modifies every line that starts with a dash, by inserting @w{@samp{- }} | |
707 at the start of the line. When you receive a forwarded message, if it | |
708 contains something besides ordinary text---for example, program source | |
709 code---you might find it useful to undo that transformation. You can do | |
710 this by selecting the forwarded message and typing @kbd{M-x | |
711 unforward-rmail-message}. This command extracts the original forwarded | |
712 message, deleting the inserted @w{@samp{- }} strings, and inserts it | |
713 into the Rmail file as a separate message immediately following the | |
714 current one. | |
715 | |
716 @findex rmail-resend | |
717 @dfn{Resending} is an alternative similar to forwarding; the | |
718 difference is that resending sends a message that is ``from'' the | |
719 original sender, just as it reached you---with a few added header fields | |
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720 @samp{Resent-From} and @samp{Resent-To} to indicate that it came via |
25829 | 721 you. To resend a message in Rmail, use @kbd{C-u f}. (@kbd{f} runs |
722 @code{rmail-forward}, which is programmed to invoke @code{rmail-resend} | |
723 if you provide a numeric argument.) | |
724 | |
725 @kindex m @r{(Rmail)} | |
726 @findex rmail-mail | |
727 The @kbd{m} (@code{rmail-mail}) command is used to start editing an | |
728 outgoing message that is not a reply. It leaves the header fields empty. | |
729 Its only difference from @kbd{C-x 4 m} is that it makes the Rmail buffer | |
730 accessible for @kbd{C-c C-y}, just as @kbd{r} does. Thus, @kbd{m} can be | |
731 used to reply to or forward a message; it can do anything @kbd{r} or @kbd{f} | |
732 can do.@refill | |
733 | |
734 @kindex c @r{(Rmail)} | |
735 @findex rmail-continue | |
736 The @kbd{c} (@code{rmail-continue}) command resumes editing the | |
737 @samp{*mail*} buffer, to finish editing an outgoing message you were | |
738 already composing, or to alter a message you have sent.@refill | |
739 | |
740 @vindex rmail-mail-new-frame | |
741 If you set the variable @code{rmail-mail-new-frame} to a | |
742 non-@code{nil} value, then all the Rmail commands to start sending a | |
743 message create a new frame to edit it in. This frame is deleted when | |
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744 you send the message, or when you use the @samp{Cancel} item in the |
25829 | 745 @samp{Mail} menu. |
746 | |
747 All the Rmail commands to send a message use the mail-composition | |
748 method that you have chosen (@pxref{Mail Methods}). | |
749 | |
750 @node Rmail Summary | |
751 @section Summaries | |
752 @cindex summary (Rmail) | |
753 | |
754 A @dfn{summary} is a buffer containing one line per message to give | |
755 you an overview of the mail in an Rmail file. Each line shows the | |
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756 message number and date, the sender, the line count, the labels, and |
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757 the subject. Moving point in the summary buffer selects messages as |
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758 you move to their summary lines. Almost all Rmail commands are valid |
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759 in the summary buffer also; when used there, they apply to the message |
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760 described by the current line of the summary. |
25829 | 761 |
762 A summary buffer applies to a single Rmail file only; if you are | |
763 editing multiple Rmail files, each one can have its own summary buffer. | |
764 The summary buffer name is made by appending @samp{-summary} to the | |
765 Rmail buffer's name. Normally only one summary buffer is displayed at a | |
766 time. | |
767 | |
768 @menu | |
769 * Rmail Make Summary:: Making various sorts of summaries. | |
770 * Rmail Summary Edit:: Manipulating messages from the summary. | |
771 @end menu | |
772 | |
773 @node Rmail Make Summary | |
774 @subsection Making Summaries | |
775 | |
776 Here are the commands to create a summary for the current Rmail file. | |
777 Once the Rmail file has a summary buffer, changes in the Rmail file | |
778 (such as deleting or expunging messages, and getting new mail) | |
779 automatically update the summary. | |
780 | |
781 @table @kbd | |
782 @item h | |
783 @itemx C-M-h | |
784 Summarize all messages (@code{rmail-summary}). | |
785 @item l @var{labels} @key{RET} | |
786 @itemx C-M-l @var{labels} @key{RET} | |
787 Summarize messages that have one or more of the specified labels | |
788 (@code{rmail-summary-by-labels}). | |
789 @item C-M-r @var{rcpts} @key{RET} | |
790 Summarize messages that have one or more of the specified recipients | |
791 (@code{rmail-summary-by-recipients}). | |
792 @item C-M-t @var{topic} @key{RET} | |
793 Summarize messages that have a match for the specified regexp | |
794 @var{topic} in their subjects (@code{rmail-summary-by-topic}). | |
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795 @item C-M-s @var{regexp} |
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796 Summarize messages whose headers and the subject line match the |
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797 specified regular expression @var{regexp} |
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798 (@code{rmail-summary-by-regexp}). |
25829 | 799 @end table |
800 | |
801 @kindex h @r{(Rmail)} | |
802 @findex rmail-summary | |
803 The @kbd{h} or @kbd{C-M-h} (@code{rmail-summary}) command fills the summary buffer | |
804 for the current Rmail file with a summary of all the messages in the file. | |
805 It then displays and selects the summary buffer in another window. | |
806 | |
807 @kindex l @r{(Rmail)} | |
808 @kindex C-M-l @r{(Rmail)} | |
809 @findex rmail-summary-by-labels | |
810 @kbd{C-M-l @var{labels} @key{RET}} (@code{rmail-summary-by-labels}) makes | |
811 a partial summary mentioning only the messages that have one or more of the | |
812 labels @var{labels}. @var{labels} should contain label names separated by | |
813 commas.@refill | |
814 | |
815 @kindex C-M-r @r{(Rmail)} | |
816 @findex rmail-summary-by-recipients | |
817 @kbd{C-M-r @var{rcpts} @key{RET}} (@code{rmail-summary-by-recipients}) | |
818 makes a partial summary mentioning only the messages that have one or more | |
819 of the recipients @var{rcpts}. @var{rcpts} should contain mailing | |
820 addresses separated by commas.@refill | |
821 | |
822 @kindex C-M-t @r{(Rmail)} | |
823 @findex rmail-summary-by-topic | |
824 @kbd{C-M-t @var{topic} @key{RET}} (@code{rmail-summary-by-topic}) | |
825 makes a partial summary mentioning only the messages whose subjects have | |
826 a match for the regular expression @var{topic}. | |
827 | |
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828 @kindex C-M-s @r{(Rmail)} |
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829 @findex rmail-summary-by-regexp |
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830 @kbd{C-M-s @var{rgexp} @key{RET}} (@code{rmail-summary-by-regexp}) |
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831 makes a partial summary which mentions only the messages whose headers |
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832 (including the date and the subject lines) match the regular |
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833 expression @var{regexp}. |
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834 |
25829 | 835 Note that there is only one summary buffer for any Rmail file; making one |
836 kind of summary discards any previously made summary. | |
837 | |
838 @vindex rmail-summary-window-size | |
839 @vindex rmail-summary-line-count-flag | |
840 The variable @code{rmail-summary-window-size} says how many lines to | |
841 use for the summary window. The variable | |
842 @code{rmail-summary-line-count-flag} controls whether the summary line | |
843 for a message should include the line count of the message. | |
844 | |
845 @node Rmail Summary Edit | |
846 @subsection Editing in Summaries | |
847 | |
848 You can use the Rmail summary buffer to do almost anything you can do | |
849 in the Rmail buffer itself. In fact, once you have a summary buffer, | |
850 there's no need to switch back to the Rmail buffer. | |
851 | |
852 You can select and display various messages in the Rmail buffer, from | |
853 the summary buffer, just by moving point in the summary buffer to | |
854 different lines. It doesn't matter what Emacs command you use to move | |
855 point; whichever line point is on at the end of the command, that | |
856 message is selected in the Rmail buffer. | |
857 | |
858 Almost all Rmail commands work in the summary buffer as well as in the | |
859 Rmail buffer. Thus, @kbd{d} in the summary buffer deletes the current | |
860 message, @kbd{u} undeletes, and @kbd{x} expunges. @kbd{o} and @kbd{C-o} | |
861 output the current message to a file; @kbd{r} starts a reply to it. You | |
862 can scroll the current message while remaining in the summary buffer | |
863 using @key{SPC} and @key{DEL}. | |
864 | |
865 The Rmail commands to move between messages also work in the summary | |
866 buffer, but with a twist: they move through the set of messages included | |
867 in the summary. They also ensure the Rmail buffer appears on the screen | |
868 (unlike cursor motion commands, which update the contents of the Rmail | |
869 buffer but don't display it in a window unless it already appears). | |
870 Here is a list of these commands: | |
871 | |
872 @table @kbd | |
873 @item n | |
874 Move to next line, skipping lines saying `deleted', and select its | |
875 message. | |
876 @item p | |
877 Move to previous line, skipping lines saying `deleted', and select | |
878 its message. | |
879 @item M-n | |
880 Move to next line and select its message. | |
881 @item M-p | |
882 Move to previous line and select its message. | |
883 @item > | |
884 Move to the last line, and select its message. | |
885 @item < | |
886 Move to the first line, and select its message. | |
887 @item M-s @var{pattern} @key{RET} | |
888 Search through messages for @var{pattern} starting with the current | |
889 message; select the message found, and move point in the summary buffer | |
890 to that message's line. | |
891 @end table | |
892 | |
893 @vindex rmail-redisplay-summary | |
894 Deletion, undeletion, and getting new mail, and even selection of a | |
895 different message all update the summary buffer when you do them in the | |
896 Rmail buffer. If the variable @code{rmail-redisplay-summary} is | |
897 non-@code{nil}, these actions also bring the summary buffer back onto | |
898 the screen. | |
899 | |
900 @kindex Q @r{(Rmail summary)} | |
901 @findex rmail-summary-wipe | |
902 @kindex q @r{(Rmail summary)} | |
903 @findex rmail-summary-quit | |
904 When you are finished using the summary, type @kbd{Q} | |
905 (@code{rmail-summary-wipe}) to delete the summary buffer's window. You | |
906 can also exit Rmail while in the summary: @kbd{q} | |
907 (@code{rmail-summary-quit}) deletes the summary window, then exits from | |
908 Rmail by saving the Rmail file and switching to another buffer. | |
909 | |
910 @node Rmail Sorting | |
911 @section Sorting the Rmail File | |
912 | |
913 @table @kbd | |
914 @item M-x rmail-sort-by-date | |
915 Sort messages of current Rmail file by date. | |
916 | |
917 @item M-x rmail-sort-by-subject | |
918 Sort messages of current Rmail file by subject. | |
919 | |
920 @item M-x rmail-sort-by-author | |
921 Sort messages of current Rmail file by author's name. | |
922 | |
923 @item M-x rmail-sort-by-recipient | |
924 Sort messages of current Rmail file by recipient's names. | |
925 | |
926 @item M-x rmail-sort-by-correspondent | |
927 Sort messages of current Rmail file by the name of the other | |
928 correspondent. | |
929 | |
930 @item M-x rmail-sort-by-lines | |
931 Sort messages of current Rmail file by size (number of lines). | |
932 | |
933 @item M-x rmail-sort-by-keywords @key{RET} @var{labels} @key{RET} | |
934 Sort messages of current Rmail file by labels. The argument | |
935 @var{labels} should be a comma-separated list of labels. The order of | |
936 these labels specifies the order of messages; messages with the first | |
937 label come first, messages with the second label come second, and so on. | |
938 Messages which have none of these labels come last. | |
939 @end table | |
940 | |
941 The Rmail sort commands perform a @emph{stable sort}: if there is no | |
942 reason to prefer either one of two messages, their order remains | |
943 unchanged. You can use this to sort by more than one criterion. For | |
944 example, if you use @code{rmail-sort-by-date} and then | |
945 @code{rmail-sort-by-author}, messages from the same author appear in | |
946 order by date. | |
947 | |
948 With a numeric argument, all these commands reverse the order of | |
949 comparison. This means they sort messages from newest to oldest, from | |
950 biggest to smallest, or in reverse alphabetical order. | |
951 | |
952 @node Rmail Display | |
953 @section Display of Messages | |
954 | |
955 Rmail reformats the header of each message before displaying it for | |
956 the first time. Reformatting hides uninteresting header fields to | |
957 reduce clutter. You can use the @kbd{t} command to show the entire | |
958 header or to repeat the header reformatting operation. | |
959 | |
960 @table @kbd | |
961 @item t | |
962 Toggle display of complete header (@code{rmail-toggle-header}). | |
963 @end table | |
964 | |
965 @vindex rmail-ignored-headers | |
966 Reformatting the header involves deleting most header fields, on the | |
967 grounds that they are not interesting. The variable | |
968 @code{rmail-ignored-headers} holds a regular expression that specifies | |
969 which header fields to hide in this way---if it matches the beginning of | |
970 a header field, that whole field is hidden. | |
971 | |
972 @kindex t @r{(Rmail)} | |
973 @findex rmail-toggle-header | |
974 Rmail saves the complete original header before reformatting; to see | |
975 it, use the @kbd{t} command (@code{rmail-toggle-header}). This | |
976 discards the reformatted headers of the current message and displays it | |
977 with the original header. Repeating @kbd{t} reformats the message | |
978 again. Selecting the message again also reformats. | |
979 | |
980 One consequence of this is that if you edit the reformatted header | |
981 (using @kbd{e}; @pxref{Rmail Editing}), subsequent use of @kbd{t} will | |
982 discard your edits. On the other hand, if you use @kbd{e} after | |
983 @kbd{t}, to edit the original (unreformatted) header, those changes are | |
984 permanent. | |
985 | |
986 When the @kbd{t} command has a prefix argument, a positive argument | |
987 means to show the reformatted header, and a zero or negative argument | |
988 means to show the full header. | |
989 | |
990 @vindex rmail-highlighted-headers | |
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991 When the terminal supports multiple fonts or colors, Rmail |
25829 | 992 highlights certain header fields that are especially interesting---by |
993 default, the @samp{From} and @samp{Subject} fields. The variable | |
994 @code{rmail-highlighted-headers} holds a regular expression that | |
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995 specifies the header fields to highlight; if it matches the beginning |
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996 of a header field, that whole field is highlighted. |
25829 | 997 |
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998 If you specify unusual colors for your text foreground and |
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999 background, the colors used for highlighting may not go well with |
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1000 them. If so, specify different colors for the face |
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1001 @code{rmail-highlight-face}. @xref{Faces}, for how to do this. To |
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1002 turn off highlighting entirely in Rmail, set |
25829 | 1003 @code{rmail-highlighted-headers} to @code{nil}. |
1004 | |
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1005 You can highlight and activate URLs in incoming messages by adding |
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1006 the function @code{goto-address} to the hook |
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1007 @code{rmail-show-message-hook}. Then you can browse these URLs by |
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1008 clicking on them with @kbd{Mouse-2} or by moving to one and typing |
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1009 @kbd{C-c @key{RET}}. @xref{Goto-address, Activating URLs, Activating URLs}. |
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1010 |
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1011 @node Rmail Coding |
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1012 @section Rmail and Coding Systems |
28339 | 1013 |
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1014 @cindex decoding mail messages (Rmail) |
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1015 Rmail automatically decodes messages which contain non-@sc{ascii} |
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1016 characters, just as it does with files you visit and with and |
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1017 subprocess output. Rmail uses the standard |
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1018 @samp{charset=@var{charset}} header in the message, if any, to determine how |
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1019 the message was encoded by the sender. It maps @var{charset} into the |
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1020 corresponding Emacs coding system (@pxref{Coding Systems}), and uses |
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1021 that coding system to decode message text. If the message header |
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1022 doesn't have the charset specification, or if the @var{charset} it |
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1023 specifies is not recognized, Rmail chooses the coding system with the |
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1024 usual Emacs heuristics and defaults (@pxref{Recognize Coding}). |
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1025 |
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1026 @cindex fixing incorrectly decoded mail messages |
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1027 Occasionally, a message is decoded incorrectly, either because Emacs |
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1028 guessed the wrong coding system in the absence of the @samp{charset} |
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1029 specification, or because the specification was inaccurate. For |
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1030 example, a misconfigured mailer could send a message with a |
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1031 @samp{charset=iso-8859-1} header when the message is actually encoded |
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1032 in @code{koi8-r}. When you see the message text garbled, or some of |
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1033 its characters displayed as empty boxes, this may have happened. |
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1034 |
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1035 @findex rmail-redecode-body |
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1036 You can correct the problem by decoding the message again using the |
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1037 right coding system, if you can figure out or guess which one is |
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1038 right. To do this, invoke the @kbd{M-x rmail-redecode-body} command. |
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1039 It reads the name of a coding system, encodes the message body using |
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1040 whichever coding system was used to decode it before, then redecodes |
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1041 it using the coding system you specified. If you specified the right |
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1042 coding system, the result should be readable. |
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1043 |
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1044 Decoding and encoding using the wrong coding system is lossless for |
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1045 most encodings, in particular with 8-bit encodings such as iso-8859 or |
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1046 koi8. So, if the initial attempt to redecode the message didn't |
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1047 result in a legible text, you can try other coding systems until you |
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1048 succeed. |
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1049 |
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1050 With some coding systems, notably those from the iso-2022 family, |
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1051 information can be lost in decoding, so that encoding the message |
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1052 again won't bring back the original incoming text. In such a case, |
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1053 @code{rmail-redecode-body} cannot work. However, the problems that |
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1054 call for use of @code{rmail-redecode-body} rarely occur with those |
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1055 coding systems. So in practice the command works when you need it. |
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1056 |
25829 | 1057 @node Rmail Editing |
1058 @section Editing Within a Message | |
1059 | |
1060 Most of the usual Emacs commands are available in Rmail mode, though a | |
1061 few, such as @kbd{C-M-n} and @kbd{C-M-h}, are redefined by Rmail for | |
1062 other purposes. However, the Rmail buffer is normally read only, and | |
1063 most of the letters are redefined as Rmail commands. If you want to | |
1064 edit the text of a message, you must use the Rmail command @kbd{e}. | |
1065 | |
1066 @table @kbd | |
1067 @item e | |
1068 Edit the current message as ordinary text. | |
1069 @end table | |
1070 | |
1071 @kindex e @r{(Rmail)} | |
1072 @findex rmail-edit-current-message | |
1073 The @kbd{e} command (@code{rmail-edit-current-message}) switches from | |
1074 Rmail mode into Rmail Edit mode, another major mode which is nearly the | |
1075 same as Text mode. The mode line indicates this change. | |
1076 | |
1077 In Rmail Edit mode, letters insert themselves as usual and the Rmail | |
1078 commands are not available. When you are finished editing the message and | |
1079 are ready to go back to Rmail, type @kbd{C-c C-c}, which switches back to | |
1080 Rmail mode. Alternatively, you can return to Rmail mode but cancel all the | |
1081 editing that you have done, by typing @kbd{C-c C-]}. | |
1082 | |
1083 @vindex rmail-edit-mode-hook | |
1084 Entering Rmail Edit mode runs the hook @code{text-mode-hook}; then it | |
1085 runs the hook @code{rmail-edit-mode-hook} (@pxref{Hooks}). It adds the | |
1086 attribute @samp{edited} to the message. It also displays the full | |
1087 headers of the message, so that you can edit the headers as well as the | |
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1088 body of the message, and your changes in the headers will be |
25829 | 1089 permanent. |
1090 | |
1091 @node Rmail Digest | |
1092 @section Digest Messages | |
1093 @cindex digest message | |
1094 @cindex undigestify | |
1095 | |
1096 A @dfn{digest message} is a message which exists to contain and carry | |
1097 several other messages. Digests are used on some moderated mailing | |
1098 lists; all the messages that arrive for the list during a period of time | |
1099 such as one day are put inside a single digest which is then sent to the | |
1100 subscribers. Transmitting the single digest uses much less computer | |
1101 time than transmitting the individual messages even though the total | |
1102 size is the same, because the per-message overhead in network mail | |
1103 transmission is considerable. | |
1104 | |
1105 @findex undigestify-rmail-message | |
1106 When you receive a digest message, the most convenient way to read it is | |
1107 to @dfn{undigestify} it: to turn it back into many individual messages. | |
1108 Then you can read and delete the individual messages as it suits you. | |
1109 | |
1110 To do this, select the digest message and type the command @kbd{M-x | |
1111 undigestify-rmail-message}. This extracts the submessages as separate | |
1112 Rmail messages, and inserts them following the digest. The digest | |
1113 message itself is flagged as deleted. | |
1114 | |
1115 @node Out of Rmail | |
1116 @section Converting an Rmail File to Inbox Format | |
1117 | |
1118 @findex unrmail | |
1119 The command @kbd{M-x unrmail} converts a file in Rmail format to inbox | |
1120 format (also known as the system mailbox format), so that you can use it | |
1121 with other mail-editing tools. You must specify two arguments, the name | |
1122 of the Rmail file and the name to use for the converted file. @kbd{M-x | |
1123 unrmail} does not alter the Rmail file itself. | |
1124 | |
1125 @node Rmail Rot13 | |
1126 @section Reading Rot13 Messages | |
1127 @cindex rot13 code | |
1128 | |
1129 Mailing list messages that might offend some readers are sometimes | |
1130 encoded in a simple code called @dfn{rot13}---so named because it | |
1131 rotates the alphabet by 13 letters. This code is not for secrecy, as it | |
1132 provides none; rather, it enables those who might be offended to avoid | |
1133 ever seeing the real text of the message. | |
1134 | |
1135 @findex rot13-other-window | |
1136 To view a buffer using the rot13 code, use the command @kbd{M-x | |
1137 rot13-other-window}. This displays the current buffer in another window | |
1138 which applies the code when displaying the text. | |
1139 | |
1140 @node Movemail | |
1141 @section @code{movemail} and POP | |
1142 @cindex @code{movemail} program | |
1143 | |
1144 @vindex rmail-preserve-inbox | |
1145 When getting new mail, Rmail first copies the new mail from the inbox | |
1146 file to the Rmail file; then it saves the Rmail file; then it truncates | |
1147 the inbox file. This way, a system crash may cause duplication of mail | |
1148 between the inbox and the Rmail file, but cannot lose mail. If | |
1149 @code{rmail-preserve-inbox} is non-@code{nil}, then Rmail will copy new | |
1150 mail from the inbox file to the Rmail file without truncating the inbox | |
1151 file. You may wish to set this, for example, on a portable computer you | |
1152 use to check your mail via POP while traveling, so that your mail will | |
1153 remain on the server and you can save it later on your workstation. | |
1154 | |
1155 In some cases, Rmail copies the new mail from the inbox file | |
1156 indirectly. First it runs the @code{movemail} program to move the mail | |
1157 from the inbox to an intermediate file called | |
1158 @file{~/.newmail-@var{inboxname}}. Then Rmail merges the new mail from | |
1159 that file, saves the Rmail file, and only then deletes the intermediate | |
1160 file. If there is a crash at the wrong time, this file continues to | |
1161 exist, and Rmail will use it again the next time it gets new mail from | |
1162 that inbox. | |
1163 | |
1164 @pindex movemail | |
1165 If Rmail is unable to convert the data in | |
1166 @file{~/.newmail-@var{inboxname}} into Babyl format, it renames the file | |
1167 to @file{~/RMAILOSE.@var{n}} (@var{n} is an integer chosen to make the | |
1168 name unique) so that Rmail will not have trouble with the data again. | |
1169 You should look at the file, find whatever message confuses Rmail | |
1170 (probably one that includes the control-underscore character, octal code | |
1171 037), and delete it. Then you can use @kbd{1 g} to get new mail from | |
1172 the corrected file. | |
1173 | |
1174 Some sites use a method called POP for accessing users' inbox data | |
1175 instead of storing the data in inbox files. @code{movemail} can work | |
1176 with POP if you compile it with the macro @code{MAIL_USE_POP} defined. | |
1177 (You can achieve that by specifying @samp{--with-pop} when you run | |
1178 @code{configure} during the installation of Emacs.) | |
1179 @code{movemail} only works with POP3, not with older | |
1180 versions of POP. | |
1181 | |
29107 | 1182 @cindex @env{MAILHOST} environment variable |
25829 | 1183 @cindex POP inboxes |
1184 Assuming you have compiled and installed @code{movemail} | |
1185 appropriately, you can specify a POP inbox by using a ``file name'' of | |
1186 the form @samp{po:@var{username}}, in the inbox list of an Rmail file. | |
1187 @code{movemail} handles such a name by opening a connection to the POP | |
29107 | 1188 server. The @env{MAILHOST} environment variable specifies the machine |
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1189 to look for the server on; alternatively, you can specify the POP server |
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1190 host name as part of the mailbox name using the syntax |
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1191 @samp{po:@var{username}:@var{hostname}}. |
25829 | 1192 |
1193 @vindex rmail-pop-password | |
1194 @vindex rmail-pop-password-required | |
1195 Accessing mail via POP may require a password. If the variable | |
1196 @code{rmail-pop-password} is non-@code{nil}, it specifies the password | |
1197 to use for POP. Alternatively, if @code{rmail-pop-password-required} is | |
1198 non-@code{nil}, then Rmail asks you for the password to use. | |
1199 | |
1200 @vindex rmail-movemail-flags | |
1201 If you need to pass additional command-line flags to @code{movemail}, | |
1202 set the variable @code{rmail-movemail-flags} a list of the flags you | |
1203 wish to use. Do not use this variable to pass the @samp{-p} flag to | |
1204 preserve your inbox contents; use @code{rmail-preserve-inbox} instead. | |
1205 | |
1206 @cindex Kerberos POP authentication | |
1207 The @code{movemail} program installed at your site may support | |
1208 Kerberos authentication. If it is | |
1209 supported, it is used by default whenever you attempt to retrieve | |
1210 POP mail when @code{rmail-pop-password} and | |
1211 @code{rmail-pop-password-required} are unset. | |
1212 | |
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1213 @cindex reverse order in POP inboxes |
25829 | 1214 Some POP servers store messages in reverse order. If your server does |
1215 this, and you would rather read your mail in the order in which it was | |
1216 received, you can tell @code{movemail} to reverse the order of | |
1217 downloaded messages by adding the @samp{-r} flag to | |
1218 @code{rmail-movemail-flags}. |