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annotate doc/lispref/markers.texi @ 99084:211453ff9123
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author | Martin Rudalics <rudalics@gmx.at> |
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date | Thu, 23 Oct 2008 09:20:55 +0000 |
parents | b5ddab370f08 |
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rev | line source |
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84086 | 1 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. | |
3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2001, | |
87649 | 4 @c 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
84086 | 5 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. |
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6 @setfilename ../../info/markers |
84086 | 7 @node Markers, Text, Positions, Top |
8 @chapter Markers | |
9 @cindex markers | |
10 | |
11 A @dfn{marker} is a Lisp object used to specify a position in a buffer | |
12 relative to the surrounding text. A marker changes its offset from the | |
13 beginning of the buffer automatically whenever text is inserted or | |
14 deleted, so that it stays with the two characters on either side of it. | |
15 | |
16 @menu | |
17 * Overview of Markers:: The components of a marker, and how it relocates. | |
18 * Predicates on Markers:: Testing whether an object is a marker. | |
19 * Creating Markers:: Making empty markers or markers at certain places. | |
20 * Information from Markers:: Finding the marker's buffer or character position. | |
21 * Marker Insertion Types:: Two ways a marker can relocate when you | |
22 insert where it points. | |
23 * Moving Markers:: Moving the marker to a new buffer or position. | |
24 * The Mark:: How "the mark" is implemented with a marker. | |
25 * The Region:: How to access "the region". | |
26 @end menu | |
27 | |
28 @node Overview of Markers | |
29 @section Overview of Markers | |
30 | |
31 A marker specifies a buffer and a position in that buffer. The | |
32 marker can be used to represent a position in the functions that | |
33 require one, just as an integer could be used. In that case, the | |
34 marker's buffer is normally ignored. Of course, a marker used in this | |
35 way usually points to a position in the buffer that the function | |
36 operates on, but that is entirely the programmer's responsibility. | |
37 @xref{Positions}, for a complete description of positions. | |
38 | |
39 A marker has three attributes: the marker position, the marker | |
40 buffer, and the insertion type. The marker position is an integer | |
41 that is equivalent (at a given time) to the marker as a position in | |
42 that buffer. But the marker's position value can change often during | |
43 the life of the marker. Insertion and deletion of text in the buffer | |
44 relocate the marker. The idea is that a marker positioned between two | |
45 characters remains between those two characters despite insertion and | |
46 deletion elsewhere in the buffer. Relocation changes the integer | |
47 equivalent of the marker. | |
48 | |
49 @cindex marker relocation | |
50 Deleting text around a marker's position leaves the marker between the | |
51 characters immediately before and after the deleted text. Inserting | |
52 text at the position of a marker normally leaves the marker either in | |
53 front of or after the new text, depending on the marker's @dfn{insertion | |
54 type} (@pxref{Marker Insertion Types})---unless the insertion is done | |
55 with @code{insert-before-markers} (@pxref{Insertion}). | |
56 | |
57 @cindex marker garbage collection | |
58 Insertion and deletion in a buffer must check all the markers and | |
59 relocate them if necessary. This slows processing in a buffer with a | |
60 large number of markers. For this reason, it is a good idea to make a | |
61 marker point nowhere if you are sure you don't need it any more. | |
62 Unreferenced markers are garbage collected eventually, but until then | |
63 will continue to use time if they do point somewhere. | |
64 | |
65 @cindex markers as numbers | |
66 Because it is common to perform arithmetic operations on a marker | |
67 position, most of the arithmetic operations (including @code{+} and | |
68 @code{-}) accept markers as arguments. In such cases, the marker | |
69 stands for its current position. | |
70 | |
71 Here are examples of creating markers, setting markers, and moving point | |
72 to markers: | |
73 | |
74 @example | |
75 @group | |
76 ;; @r{Make a new marker that initially does not point anywhere:} | |
77 (setq m1 (make-marker)) | |
78 @result{} #<marker in no buffer> | |
79 @end group | |
80 | |
81 @group | |
82 ;; @r{Set @code{m1} to point between the 99th and 100th characters} | |
83 ;; @r{in the current buffer:} | |
84 (set-marker m1 100) | |
85 @result{} #<marker at 100 in markers.texi> | |
86 @end group | |
87 | |
88 @group | |
89 ;; @r{Now insert one character at the beginning of the buffer:} | |
90 (goto-char (point-min)) | |
91 @result{} 1 | |
92 (insert "Q") | |
93 @result{} nil | |
94 @end group | |
95 | |
96 @group | |
97 ;; @r{@code{m1} is updated appropriately.} | |
98 m1 | |
99 @result{} #<marker at 101 in markers.texi> | |
100 @end group | |
101 | |
102 @group | |
103 ;; @r{Two markers that point to the same position} | |
104 ;; @r{are not @code{eq}, but they are @code{equal}.} | |
105 (setq m2 (copy-marker m1)) | |
106 @result{} #<marker at 101 in markers.texi> | |
107 (eq m1 m2) | |
108 @result{} nil | |
109 (equal m1 m2) | |
110 @result{} t | |
111 @end group | |
112 | |
113 @group | |
114 ;; @r{When you are finished using a marker, make it point nowhere.} | |
115 (set-marker m1 nil) | |
116 @result{} #<marker in no buffer> | |
117 @end group | |
118 @end example | |
119 | |
120 @node Predicates on Markers | |
121 @section Predicates on Markers | |
122 | |
123 You can test an object to see whether it is a marker, or whether it is | |
124 either an integer or a marker. The latter test is useful in connection | |
125 with the arithmetic functions that work with both markers and integers. | |
126 | |
127 @defun markerp object | |
128 This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a marker, @code{nil} | |
129 otherwise. Note that integers are not markers, even though many | |
130 functions will accept either a marker or an integer. | |
131 @end defun | |
132 | |
133 @defun integer-or-marker-p object | |
134 This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is an integer or a marker, | |
135 @code{nil} otherwise. | |
136 @end defun | |
137 | |
138 @defun number-or-marker-p object | |
139 This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a number (either | |
140 integer or floating point) or a marker, @code{nil} otherwise. | |
141 @end defun | |
142 | |
143 @node Creating Markers | |
144 @section Functions that Create Markers | |
145 | |
146 When you create a new marker, you can make it point nowhere, or point | |
147 to the present position of point, or to the beginning or end of the | |
148 accessible portion of the buffer, or to the same place as another given | |
149 marker. | |
150 | |
151 The next four functions all return markers with insertion type | |
152 @code{nil}. @xref{Marker Insertion Types}. | |
153 | |
154 @defun make-marker | |
155 This function returns a newly created marker that does not point | |
156 anywhere. | |
157 | |
158 @example | |
159 @group | |
160 (make-marker) | |
161 @result{} #<marker in no buffer> | |
162 @end group | |
163 @end example | |
164 @end defun | |
165 | |
166 @defun point-marker | |
167 This function returns a new marker that points to the present position | |
168 of point in the current buffer. @xref{Point}. For an example, see | |
169 @code{copy-marker}, below. | |
170 @end defun | |
171 | |
172 @defun point-min-marker | |
173 This function returns a new marker that points to the beginning of the | |
174 accessible portion of the buffer. This will be the beginning of the | |
175 buffer unless narrowing is in effect. @xref{Narrowing}. | |
176 @end defun | |
177 | |
178 @defun point-max-marker | |
179 This function returns a new marker that points to the end of the | |
180 accessible portion of the buffer. This will be the end of the buffer | |
181 unless narrowing is in effect. @xref{Narrowing}. | |
182 | |
183 Here are examples of this function and @code{point-min-marker}, shown in | |
184 a buffer containing a version of the source file for the text of this | |
185 chapter. | |
186 | |
187 @example | |
188 @group | |
189 (point-min-marker) | |
190 @result{} #<marker at 1 in markers.texi> | |
191 (point-max-marker) | |
192 @result{} #<marker at 15573 in markers.texi> | |
193 @end group | |
194 | |
195 @group | |
196 (narrow-to-region 100 200) | |
197 @result{} nil | |
198 @end group | |
199 @group | |
200 (point-min-marker) | |
201 @result{} #<marker at 100 in markers.texi> | |
202 @end group | |
203 @group | |
204 (point-max-marker) | |
205 @result{} #<marker at 200 in markers.texi> | |
206 @end group | |
207 @end example | |
208 @end defun | |
209 | |
210 @defun copy-marker marker-or-integer &optional insertion-type | |
211 If passed a marker as its argument, @code{copy-marker} returns a | |
212 new marker that points to the same place and the same buffer as does | |
213 @var{marker-or-integer}. If passed an integer as its argument, | |
214 @code{copy-marker} returns a new marker that points to position | |
215 @var{marker-or-integer} in the current buffer. | |
216 | |
217 The new marker's insertion type is specified by the argument | |
218 @var{insertion-type}. @xref{Marker Insertion Types}. | |
219 | |
220 If passed an integer argument less than 1, @code{copy-marker} returns a | |
221 new marker that points to the beginning of the current buffer. If | |
222 passed an integer argument greater than the length of the buffer, | |
223 @code{copy-marker} returns a new marker that points to the end of the | |
224 buffer. | |
225 | |
226 @example | |
227 @group | |
228 (copy-marker 0) | |
229 @result{} #<marker at 1 in markers.texi> | |
230 @end group | |
231 | |
232 @group | |
233 (copy-marker 20000) | |
234 @result{} #<marker at 7572 in markers.texi> | |
235 @end group | |
236 @end example | |
237 | |
238 An error is signaled if @var{marker} is neither a marker nor an | |
239 integer. | |
240 @end defun | |
241 | |
242 Two distinct markers are considered @code{equal} (even though not | |
243 @code{eq}) to each other if they have the same position and buffer, or | |
244 if they both point nowhere. | |
245 | |
246 @example | |
247 @group | |
248 (setq p (point-marker)) | |
249 @result{} #<marker at 2139 in markers.texi> | |
250 @end group | |
251 | |
252 @group | |
253 (setq q (copy-marker p)) | |
254 @result{} #<marker at 2139 in markers.texi> | |
255 @end group | |
256 | |
257 @group | |
258 (eq p q) | |
259 @result{} nil | |
260 @end group | |
261 | |
262 @group | |
263 (equal p q) | |
264 @result{} t | |
265 @end group | |
266 @end example | |
267 | |
268 @node Information from Markers | |
269 @section Information from Markers | |
270 | |
271 This section describes the functions for accessing the components of a | |
272 marker object. | |
273 | |
274 @defun marker-position marker | |
275 This function returns the position that @var{marker} points to, or | |
276 @code{nil} if it points nowhere. | |
277 @end defun | |
278 | |
279 @defun marker-buffer marker | |
280 This function returns the buffer that @var{marker} points into, or | |
281 @code{nil} if it points nowhere. | |
282 | |
283 @example | |
284 @group | |
285 (setq m (make-marker)) | |
286 @result{} #<marker in no buffer> | |
287 @end group | |
288 @group | |
289 (marker-position m) | |
290 @result{} nil | |
291 @end group | |
292 @group | |
293 (marker-buffer m) | |
294 @result{} nil | |
295 @end group | |
296 | |
297 @group | |
298 (set-marker m 3770 (current-buffer)) | |
299 @result{} #<marker at 3770 in markers.texi> | |
300 @end group | |
301 @group | |
302 (marker-buffer m) | |
303 @result{} #<buffer markers.texi> | |
304 @end group | |
305 @group | |
306 (marker-position m) | |
307 @result{} 3770 | |
308 @end group | |
309 @end example | |
310 @end defun | |
311 | |
312 @defun buffer-has-markers-at position | |
313 This function returns @code{t} if one or more markers | |
314 point at position @var{position} in the current buffer. | |
315 @end defun | |
316 | |
317 @node Marker Insertion Types | |
318 @section Marker Insertion Types | |
319 | |
320 @cindex insertion type of a marker | |
321 When you insert text directly at the place where a marker points, | |
322 there are two possible ways to relocate that marker: it can point before | |
323 the inserted text, or point after it. You can specify which one a given | |
324 marker should do by setting its @dfn{insertion type}. Note that use of | |
325 @code{insert-before-markers} ignores markers' insertion types, always | |
326 relocating a marker to point after the inserted text. | |
327 | |
328 @defun set-marker-insertion-type marker type | |
329 This function sets the insertion type of marker @var{marker} to | |
330 @var{type}. If @var{type} is @code{t}, @var{marker} will advance when | |
331 text is inserted at its position. If @var{type} is @code{nil}, | |
332 @var{marker} does not advance when text is inserted there. | |
333 @end defun | |
334 | |
335 @defun marker-insertion-type marker | |
336 This function reports the current insertion type of @var{marker}. | |
337 @end defun | |
338 | |
339 Most functions that create markers, without an argument allowing to | |
340 specify the insertion type, create them with insertion type | |
341 @code{nil}. Also, the mark has, by default, insertion type | |
342 @code{nil}. | |
343 | |
344 @node Moving Markers | |
345 @section Moving Marker Positions | |
346 | |
347 This section describes how to change the position of an existing | |
348 marker. When you do this, be sure you know whether the marker is used | |
349 outside of your program, and, if so, what effects will result from | |
350 moving it---otherwise, confusing things may happen in other parts of | |
351 Emacs. | |
352 | |
353 @defun set-marker marker position &optional buffer | |
354 This function moves @var{marker} to @var{position} | |
355 in @var{buffer}. If @var{buffer} is not provided, it defaults to | |
356 the current buffer. | |
357 | |
358 If @var{position} is less than 1, @code{set-marker} moves @var{marker} | |
359 to the beginning of the buffer. If @var{position} is greater than the | |
360 size of the buffer, @code{set-marker} moves marker to the end of the | |
361 buffer. If @var{position} is @code{nil} or a marker that points | |
362 nowhere, then @var{marker} is set to point nowhere. | |
363 | |
364 The value returned is @var{marker}. | |
365 | |
366 @example | |
367 @group | |
368 (setq m (point-marker)) | |
369 @result{} #<marker at 4714 in markers.texi> | |
370 @end group | |
371 @group | |
372 (set-marker m 55) | |
373 @result{} #<marker at 55 in markers.texi> | |
374 @end group | |
375 @group | |
376 (setq b (get-buffer "foo")) | |
377 @result{} #<buffer foo> | |
378 @end group | |
379 @group | |
380 (set-marker m 0 b) | |
381 @result{} #<marker at 1 in foo> | |
382 @end group | |
383 @end example | |
384 @end defun | |
385 | |
386 @defun move-marker marker position &optional buffer | |
387 This is another name for @code{set-marker}. | |
388 @end defun | |
389 | |
390 @node The Mark | |
391 @section The Mark | |
392 @cindex mark, the | |
393 @cindex mark ring | |
394 | |
395 One special marker in each buffer is designated @dfn{the mark}. It | |
396 specifies a position to bound a range of text for commands such as | |
397 @code{kill-region} and @code{indent-rigidly}. Lisp programs should | |
398 set the mark only to values that have a potential use to the user, and | |
399 never for their own internal purposes. For example, the | |
400 @code{replace-regexp} command sets the mark to the value of point | |
401 before doing any replacements, because this enables the user to move | |
402 back there conveniently after the replace is finished. | |
403 | |
404 Many commands are designed to operate on the text between point and | |
405 the mark when called interactively. If you are writing such a | |
406 command, don't examine the mark directly; instead, use | |
407 @code{interactive} with the @samp{r} specification. This provides the | |
408 values of point and the mark as arguments to the command in an | |
409 interactive call, but permits other Lisp programs to specify arguments | |
410 explicitly. @xref{Interactive Codes}. | |
411 | |
412 Each buffer has a marker which represents the value of the mark in | |
413 that buffer, independent of any other buffer. When a buffer is newly | |
414 created, this marker exists but does not point anywhere. That means | |
415 the mark ``doesn't exist'' in that buffer as yet. | |
416 | |
417 Once the mark ``exists'' in a buffer, it normally never ceases to | |
418 exist. However, it may become @dfn{inactive}, if Transient Mark mode is | |
419 enabled. The variable @code{mark-active}, which is always buffer-local | |
420 in all buffers, indicates whether the mark is active: non-@code{nil} | |
421 means yes. A command can request deactivation of the mark upon return | |
422 to the editor command loop by setting @code{deactivate-mark} to a | |
423 non-@code{nil} value (but this causes deactivation only if Transient | |
424 Mark mode is enabled). | |
425 | |
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426 Certain editing commands that normally apply to text near point, |
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427 work on the region when Transient Mode is enabled and the mark is |
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428 active. This is the main motivation for using Transient Mark mode. |
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429 |
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430 Another motivation for using Transient Mark mode is that this mode |
84086 | 431 also enables highlighting of the region when the mark is active. |
432 @xref{Display}. | |
433 | |
434 In addition to the mark, each buffer has a @dfn{mark ring} which is a | |
435 list of markers containing previous values of the mark. When editing | |
436 commands change the mark, they should normally save the old value of the | |
437 mark on the mark ring. The variable @code{mark-ring-max} specifies the | |
438 maximum number of entries in the mark ring; once the list becomes this | |
439 long, adding a new element deletes the last element. | |
440 | |
441 There is also a separate global mark ring, but that is used only in a | |
442 few particular user-level commands, and is not relevant to Lisp | |
443 programming. So we do not describe it here. | |
444 | |
445 @defun mark &optional force | |
446 @cindex current buffer mark | |
447 This function returns the current buffer's mark position as an integer, | |
448 or @code{nil} if no mark has ever been set in this buffer. | |
449 | |
450 If Transient Mark mode is enabled, and @code{mark-even-if-inactive} is | |
451 @code{nil}, @code{mark} signals an error if the mark is inactive. | |
452 However, if @var{force} is non-@code{nil}, then @code{mark} disregards | |
453 inactivity of the mark, and returns the mark position anyway (or | |
454 @code{nil}). | |
455 @end defun | |
456 | |
457 @defun mark-marker | |
458 This function returns the marker that represents the current buffer's | |
459 mark. It is not a copy, it is the marker used internally. Therefore, | |
460 changing this marker's position will directly affect the buffer's | |
461 mark. Don't do that unless that is the effect you want. | |
462 | |
463 @example | |
464 @group | |
465 (setq m (mark-marker)) | |
466 @result{} #<marker at 3420 in markers.texi> | |
467 @end group | |
468 @group | |
469 (set-marker m 100) | |
470 @result{} #<marker at 100 in markers.texi> | |
471 @end group | |
472 @group | |
473 (mark-marker) | |
474 @result{} #<marker at 100 in markers.texi> | |
475 @end group | |
476 @end example | |
477 | |
478 Like any marker, this marker can be set to point at any buffer you | |
479 like. If you make it point at any buffer other than the one of which | |
480 it is the mark, it will yield perfectly consistent, but rather odd, | |
481 results. We recommend that you not do it! | |
482 @end defun | |
483 | |
484 @ignore | |
485 @deffn Command set-mark-command jump | |
486 If @var{jump} is @code{nil}, this command sets the mark to the value | |
487 of point and pushes the previous value of the mark on the mark ring. The | |
488 message @samp{Mark set} is also displayed in the echo area. | |
489 | |
490 If @var{jump} is not @code{nil}, this command sets point to the value | |
491 of the mark, and sets the mark to the previous saved mark value, which | |
492 is popped off the mark ring. | |
493 | |
494 This function is @emph{only} intended for interactive use. | |
495 @end deffn | |
496 @end ignore | |
497 | |
498 @defun set-mark position | |
499 This function sets the mark to @var{position}, and activates the mark. | |
500 The old value of the mark is @emph{not} pushed onto the mark ring. | |
501 | |
502 @strong{Please note:} Use this function only if you want the user to | |
503 see that the mark has moved, and you want the previous mark position to | |
504 be lost. Normally, when a new mark is set, the old one should go on the | |
505 @code{mark-ring}. For this reason, most applications should use | |
506 @code{push-mark} and @code{pop-mark}, not @code{set-mark}. | |
507 | |
508 Novice Emacs Lisp programmers often try to use the mark for the wrong | |
509 purposes. The mark saves a location for the user's convenience. An | |
510 editing command should not alter the mark unless altering the mark is | |
511 part of the user-level functionality of the command. (And, in that | |
512 case, this effect should be documented.) To remember a location for | |
513 internal use in the Lisp program, store it in a Lisp variable. For | |
514 example: | |
515 | |
516 @example | |
517 @group | |
518 (let ((beg (point))) | |
519 (forward-line 1) | |
520 (delete-region beg (point))). | |
521 @end group | |
522 @end example | |
523 @end defun | |
524 | |
525 @c for interactive use only | |
526 @ignore | |
527 @deffn Command exchange-point-and-mark | |
528 This function exchanges the positions of point and the mark. | |
529 It is intended for interactive use. | |
530 @end deffn | |
531 @end ignore | |
532 | |
533 @defun push-mark &optional position nomsg activate | |
534 This function sets the current buffer's mark to @var{position}, and | |
535 pushes a copy of the previous mark onto @code{mark-ring}. If | |
536 @var{position} is @code{nil}, then the value of point is used. | |
537 @code{push-mark} returns @code{nil}. | |
538 | |
539 The function @code{push-mark} normally @emph{does not} activate the | |
540 mark. To do that, specify @code{t} for the argument @var{activate}. | |
541 | |
542 A @samp{Mark set} message is displayed unless @var{nomsg} is | |
543 non-@code{nil}. | |
544 @end defun | |
545 | |
546 @defun pop-mark | |
547 This function pops off the top element of @code{mark-ring} and makes | |
548 that mark become the buffer's actual mark. This does not move point in | |
549 the buffer, and it does nothing if @code{mark-ring} is empty. It | |
550 deactivates the mark. | |
551 | |
552 The return value is not meaningful. | |
553 @end defun | |
554 | |
555 @defopt transient-mark-mode | |
556 @c @cindex Transient Mark mode Redundant | |
557 This variable if non-@code{nil} enables Transient Mark mode, in which | |
558 every buffer-modifying primitive sets @code{deactivate-mark}. The | |
559 consequence of this is that commands that modify the buffer normally | |
560 make the mark inactive. | |
561 | |
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parents:
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562 Certain commands normally apply to text near point, but in Transient |
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98762
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563 Mark mode when the mark is active, they apply to the region instead. |
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564 These commands should call @code{use-region-p} to test whether they |
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565 should operate on the region. |
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566 |
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567 Lisp programs can set @code{transient-mark-mode} to non-@code{nil}, |
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568 non-@code{t} values to enable Transient Mark mode temporarily. If the |
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569 value is @code{lambda}, Transient Mark mode is automatically turned |
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570 off after any action, such as buffer modification, that would normally |
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571 deactivate the mark. If the value is @w{@code{(only . @var{oldval})}}, |
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572 then @code{transient-mark-mode} is set to the value @var{oldval} after |
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573 any subsequent command that moves point and is not shift-translated |
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574 (@pxref{Key Sequence Input, shift-translation}), or after any other |
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575 action that would normally deactivate the mark. |
84086 | 576 @end defopt |
577 | |
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578 @defun use-region-p |
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579 This function returns @code{t} if Transient Mark mode is enabled, the |
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580 mark is active, and there's a valid region in the buffer. Commands |
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581 that operate on the region (instead of on text near point) when |
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582 there's an active mark should use this subroutine to test whether to |
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583 do that. |
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584 @end defun |
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585 |
84086 | 586 @defopt mark-even-if-inactive |
587 If this is non-@code{nil}, Lisp programs and the Emacs user can use the | |
588 mark even when it is inactive. This option affects the behavior of | |
589 Transient Mark mode. When the option is non-@code{nil}, deactivation of | |
590 the mark turns off region highlighting, but commands that use the mark | |
591 behave as if the mark were still active. | |
592 @end defopt | |
593 | |
594 @defvar deactivate-mark | |
595 If an editor command sets this variable non-@code{nil}, then the editor | |
596 command loop deactivates the mark after the command returns (if | |
597 Transient Mark mode is enabled). All the primitives that change the | |
598 buffer set @code{deactivate-mark}, to deactivate the mark when the | |
599 command is finished. | |
600 | |
601 To write Lisp code that modifies the buffer without causing | |
602 deactivation of the mark at the end of the command, bind | |
603 @code{deactivate-mark} to @code{nil} around the code that does the | |
604 modification. For example: | |
605 | |
606 @example | |
607 (let (deactivate-mark) | |
608 (insert " ")) | |
609 @end example | |
610 @end defvar | |
611 | |
612 @defun deactivate-mark | |
613 This function deactivates the mark, if Transient Mark mode is enabled. | |
614 Otherwise it does nothing. | |
615 @end defun | |
616 | |
617 @defvar mark-active | |
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618 The mark is active when this variable is non-@code{nil}. This |
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619 variable is always buffer-local in each buffer. Do @emph{not} use the |
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620 value of this variable to decide whether a command that normally |
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621 operates on text near point should operate on the region instead. Use |
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622 the @code{use-region-p} subroutine (see above) for that. |
84086 | 623 @end defvar |
624 | |
625 @defvar activate-mark-hook | |
626 @defvarx deactivate-mark-hook | |
627 These normal hooks are run, respectively, when the mark becomes active | |
628 and when it becomes inactive. The hook @code{activate-mark-hook} is | |
629 also run at the end of a command if the mark is active and it is | |
630 possible that the region may have changed. | |
631 @end defvar | |
632 | |
633 @defvar mark-ring | |
634 The value of this buffer-local variable is the list of saved former | |
635 marks of the current buffer, most recent first. | |
636 | |
637 @example | |
638 @group | |
639 mark-ring | |
640 @result{} (#<marker at 11050 in markers.texi> | |
641 #<marker at 10832 in markers.texi> | |
642 @dots{}) | |
643 @end group | |
644 @end example | |
645 @end defvar | |
646 | |
647 @defopt mark-ring-max | |
648 The value of this variable is the maximum size of @code{mark-ring}. If | |
649 more marks than this are pushed onto the @code{mark-ring}, | |
650 @code{push-mark} discards an old mark when it adds a new one. | |
651 @end defopt | |
652 | |
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653 @defun handle-shift-selection &optional deactivate |
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654 This function checks whether the current command was invoked via shift |
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655 translation (@pxref{Key Sequence Input, shift-translation}), and if |
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656 so, sets the mark and temporarily activates the region, unless the |
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657 region is already temporarily activated in this way. If the command |
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658 was invoked without shift translation, or if the optional argument |
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659 @var{deactivate} is non-nil, the function deactivates the mark. This |
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660 function is called whenever a command with a @samp{^} character in its |
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661 @code{interactive} spec (@pxref{Interactive Codes, ^}) is invoked |
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662 while @code{shift-select-mode} (@pxref{Shift Selection,,, emacs, The |
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663 GNU Emacs Manual}) is non-@code{nil}. |
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664 |
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665 @end defun |
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666 |
84086 | 667 @node The Region |
668 @section The Region | |
669 @cindex region (between point and mark) | |
670 | |
671 The text between point and the mark is known as @dfn{the region}. | |
672 Various functions operate on text delimited by point and the mark, but | |
673 only those functions specifically related to the region itself are | |
674 described here. | |
675 | |
676 The next two functions signal an error if the mark does not point | |
677 anywhere. If Transient Mark mode is enabled and | |
678 @code{mark-even-if-inactive} is @code{nil}, they also signal an error | |
679 if the mark is inactive. | |
680 | |
681 @defun region-beginning | |
682 This function returns the position of the beginning of the region (as | |
683 an integer). This is the position of either point or the mark, | |
684 whichever is smaller. | |
685 @end defun | |
686 | |
687 @defun region-end | |
688 This function returns the position of the end of the region (as an | |
689 integer). This is the position of either point or the mark, whichever is | |
690 larger. | |
691 @end defun | |
692 | |
693 Few programs need to use the @code{region-beginning} and | |
694 @code{region-end} functions. A command designed to operate on a region | |
695 should normally use @code{interactive} with the @samp{r} specification | |
696 to find the beginning and end of the region. This lets other Lisp | |
697 programs specify the bounds explicitly as arguments. (@xref{Interactive | |
698 Codes}.) | |
699 | |
700 @ignore | |
701 arch-tag: b1ba2e7a-a0f3-4c5e-875c-7d8e22d73299 | |
702 @end ignore |