Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/faq.texi @ 88890:2424aadfbf55
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author | Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org> |
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date | Thu, 25 Jul 2002 02:01:39 +0000 |
parents | 19880a4faa73 |
children | 397a4490dc38 |
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27352 | 1 \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- -*- coding: latin-1 -*- |
25474 | 2 @c %**start of header |
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3 @setfilename ../info/efaq |
25474 | 4 @settitle GNU Emacs FAQ |
5 @c %**end of header | |
6 | |
7 @setchapternewpage odd | |
8 | |
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9 @c This is used in many places |
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10 @set VER 21.1 |
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11 |
25474 | 12 @c The @ifinfo stuff only appears in the Info version |
13 @ifinfo | |
30009 | 14 @dircategory Emacs |
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15 @direntry |
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16 * Emacs FAQ: (efaq). Frequently Asked Questions about Emacs. |
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17 @end direntry |
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18 |
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19 Copyright 1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000 Reuven M. Lerner@* |
28127 | 20 Copyright 1992,1993 Steven Byrnes@* |
21 Copyright 1990,1991,1992 Joseph Brian Wells@* | |
25474 | 22 |
23 This list of frequently asked questions about GNU Emacs with answers | |
24 ("FAQ") may be translated into other languages, transformed into other | |
25 formats (e.g. Texinfo, Info, WWW, WAIS), and updated with new information. | |
26 | |
27 The same conditions apply to any derivative of the FAQ as apply to the FAQ | |
28 itself. Every copy of the FAQ must include this notice or an approved | |
29 translation, information on who is currently maintaining the FAQ and how to | |
30 contact them (including their e-mail address), and information on where the | |
31 latest version of the FAQ is archived (including FTP information). | |
32 | |
33 The FAQ may be copied and redistributed under these conditions, except that | |
34 the FAQ may not be embedded in a larger literary work unless that work | |
35 itself allows free copying and redistribution. | |
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36 |
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37 [This version has been somewhat edited from the last-posted version |
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38 (as of August 1999) for inclusion in the Emacs distribution.] |
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39 |
25474 | 40 @end ifinfo |
41 | |
42 @c The @titlepage stuff only appears in the printed version | |
43 @titlepage | |
44 @sp 10 | |
45 @center @titlefont{GNU Emacs FAQ} | |
46 | |
47 @c The following two commands start the copyright page. | |
48 @page | |
49 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll | |
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50 Copyright @copyright{} 1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000 Reuven M. Lerner@* |
28127 | 51 Copyright @copyright{} 1992,1993 Steven Byrnes@* |
52 Copyright @copyright{} 1990,1991,1992 Joseph Brian Wells@* | |
25474 | 53 |
54 This list of frequently asked questions about GNU Emacs with answers | |
55 ("FAQ") may be translated into other languages, transformed into other | |
56 formats (e.g. Texinfo, Info, WWW, WAIS), and updated with new information. | |
57 | |
58 The same conditions apply to any derivative of the FAQ as apply to the FAQ | |
59 itself. Every copy of the FAQ must include this notice or an approved | |
60 translation, information on who is currently maintaining the FAQ and how to | |
61 contact them (including their e-mail address), and information on where the | |
62 latest version of the FAQ is archived (including FTP information). | |
63 | |
64 The FAQ may be copied and redistributed under these conditions, except that | |
65 the FAQ may not be embedded in a larger literary work unless that work | |
66 itself allows free copying and redistribution. | |
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67 |
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68 [This version has been somewhat edited from the last-posted version |
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69 (as of August 1999) for inclusion in the Emacs distribution.] |
25474 | 70 @end titlepage |
71 | |
72 @node Top, FAQ notation, (dir), (dir) | |
73 | |
74 This is the GNU Emacs FAQ, last updated on @today{}. | |
75 | |
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76 The FAQ is maintained as a Texinfo document, allowing us to create HTML, |
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77 Info, and TeX documents from a single source file, and is slowly but |
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78 surely being improved. Please bear with us as we improve on this |
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79 format. If you have any suggestions or questions, please contact |
25474 | 80 @email{emacs-faq@@lerner.co.il, the FAQ maintainers}. |
81 | |
82 @menu | |
83 * FAQ notation:: | |
84 * General questions:: | |
85 * Getting help:: | |
86 * Status of Emacs:: | |
87 * Common requests:: | |
88 * Bugs and problems:: | |
89 * Compiling and installing Emacs:: | |
90 * Finding Emacs and related packages:: | |
91 * Major packages and programs:: | |
92 * Key bindings:: | |
93 * Alternate character sets:: | |
94 * Mail and news:: | |
95 * Concept index:: | |
96 @end menu | |
97 | |
98 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
99 @node FAQ notation, General questions, Top, Top | |
100 @chapter FAQ notation | |
101 @cindex FAQ notation | |
102 | |
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103 This chapter describes notation used in the GNU Emacs FAQ, as well as in |
25474 | 104 the Emacs documentation. Consult this section if this is the first time |
105 you are reading the FAQ, or if you are confused by notation or terms | |
106 used in the FAQ. | |
107 | |
108 @menu | |
109 * Basic keys:: | |
110 * Extended commands:: | |
111 * On-line manual:: | |
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112 * File-name conventions:: |
25474 | 113 * Common acronyms:: |
114 @end menu | |
115 | |
116 @node Basic keys, Extended commands, FAQ notation, FAQ notation | |
40705 | 117 @section What do these mean: @kbd{C-h}, @kbd{C-M-a}, @key{RET}, @kbd{@key{ESC} a}, etc.? |
25474 | 118 @cindex Basic keys |
119 @cindex Control key, notation for | |
120 @cindex @key{Meta} key, notation for | |
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121 @cindex Control-Meta characters, notation for |
25474 | 122 @cindex @kbd{C-h}, definition of |
40705 | 123 @cindex @kbd{C-M-h}, definition of |
25474 | 124 @cindex @key{DEL}, definition of |
125 @cindex @key{ESC}, definition of | |
126 @cindex @key{LFD}, definition of | |
127 @cindex @key{RET}, definition of | |
128 @cindex @key{SPC}, definition of | |
129 @cindex @key{TAB}, definition of | |
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130 @cindex Notation for keys |
25474 | 131 |
132 @itemize @bullet | |
133 | |
134 @item | |
135 @kbd{C-x}: press the @key{x} key while holding down the @key{Control} key | |
136 | |
137 @item | |
138 @kbd{M-x}: press the @key{x} key while holding down the @key{Meta} key | |
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139 (if your computer doesn't have a @key{Meta} key, @pxref{No Meta key}) |
25474 | 140 |
141 @item | |
142 @kbd{M-C-x}: press the @key{x} key while holding down both @key{Control} | |
143 and @key{Meta} | |
144 | |
145 @item | |
146 @kbd{C-M-x}: a synonym for the above | |
147 | |
148 @item | |
149 @key{LFD}: Linefeed or Newline; same as @kbd{C-j} | |
150 | |
151 @item | |
152 @key{RET}: @key{Return}, sometimes marked @key{Enter}; same as @kbd{C-m} | |
153 | |
154 @item | |
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155 @key{DEL}: @key{Delete}, usually @strong{not} the same as |
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156 @key{Backspace}; same as @kbd{C-?} (see @ref{Backspace invokes help}, if |
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157 deleting invokes Emacs help) |
25474 | 158 |
159 @item | |
160 @key{ESC}: Escape; same as @kbd{C-[} | |
161 | |
162 @item | |
163 @key{TAB}: Tab; same as @kbd{C-i} | |
164 | |
165 @item | |
166 @key{SPC}: Space bar | |
167 | |
168 @end itemize | |
169 | |
170 Key sequences longer than one key (and some single-key sequences) are | |
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171 written inside quotes or on lines by themselves, like this: |
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172 |
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173 @display |
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174 @kbd{M-x frobnicate-while-foo RET} |
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175 @end display |
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176 |
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177 @noindent |
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178 Any real spaces in such a key sequence should be ignored; only @key{SPC} |
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179 really means press the space key. |
25474 | 180 |
181 The ASCII code sent by @kbd{C-x} (except for @kbd{C-?}) is the value | |
182 that would be sent by pressing just @key{x} minus 96 (or 64 for | |
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183 upper-case @key{X}) and will be from 0 to 31. On Unix and GNU/Linux |
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184 terminals, the ASCII code sent by @kbd{M-x} is the sum of 128 and the |
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185 ASCII code that would be sent by pressing just @key{x}. Essentially, |
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186 @key{Control} turns off bits 5 and 6 and @key{Meta} turns on bit |
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187 7@footnote{ |
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188 DOS and Windows terminals don't set bit 7 when the @key{Meta} key is |
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189 pressed.}. |
25474 | 190 |
191 @kbd{C-?} (aka @key{DEL}) is ASCII code 127. It is a misnomer to call | |
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192 @kbd{C-?} a ``control'' key, since 127 has both bits 5 and 6 turned ON. |
25474 | 193 Also, on very few keyboards does @kbd{C-?} generate ASCII code 127. |
194 | |
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195 @inforef{Text Characters, Text Characters, emacs}, and @inforef{Keys, |
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196 Keys, emacs}, for more information. (@xref{On-line manual}, for more |
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197 information about Info.) |
25474 | 198 |
199 @node Extended commands, On-line manual, Basic keys, FAQ notation | |
200 @section What does @file{M-x @var{command}} mean? | |
201 @cindex Extended commands | |
202 @cindex Commands, extended | |
203 @cindex M-x, meaning of | |
204 | |
205 @kbd{M-x @var{command}} means type @kbd{M-x}, then type the name of the | |
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206 command, then type @key{RET}. (@xref{Basic keys}, if you're not sure |
25474 | 207 what @kbd{M-x} and @key{RET} mean.) |
208 | |
209 @kbd{M-x} (by default) invokes the command | |
210 @code{execute-extended-command}. This command allows you to run any | |
211 Emacs command if you can remember the command's name. If you can't | |
212 remember the command's name, you can type @key{TAB} and @key{SPC} for | |
213 completion, @key{?} for a list of possibilities, and @kbd{M-p} and | |
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214 @kbd{M-n} (or up-arrow and down-arrow on terminals that have these |
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215 editing keys) to see previous commands entered. An Emacs @dfn{command} |
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216 is an @dfn{interactive} Emacs function. |
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217 |
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218 @cindex @key{Do} key |
25474 | 219 Your system administrator may have bound other key sequences to invoke |
220 @code{execute-extended-command}. A function key labeled @kbd{Do} is a | |
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221 good candidate for this, on keyboards that have such a key. |
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222 |
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223 If you need to run non-interactive Emacs functions, see @ref{Evaluating |
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224 Emacs Lisp code}. |
25474 | 225 |
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226 @node On-line manual, File-name conventions, Extended commands, FAQ notation |
25474 | 227 @section How do I read topic XXX in the on-line manual? |
228 @cindex On-line manual, reading topics in | |
229 @cindex Reading topics in the on-line manual | |
230 @cindex Finding topics in the on-line manual | |
231 @cindex Info, finding topics in | |
232 | |
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233 When we refer you to some @var{topic} in the on-line manual, you can |
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234 read this manual node inside Emacs (assuming nothing is broken) by |
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235 typing @kbd{C-h i m emacs @key{RET} m @var{topic} @key{RET}}. |
25474 | 236 |
237 This invokes Info, the GNU hypertext documentation browser. If you don't | |
238 already know how to use Info, type @key{?} from within Info. | |
239 | |
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240 If we refer to @var{topic}:@var{subtopic}, type @kbd{C-h i m emacs |
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241 @key{RET} m @var{topic} @key{RET} m @var{subtopic} @key{RET}}. |
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242 |
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243 If these commands don't work as expected, your system administrator may |
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244 not have installed the Info files, or may have installed them |
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245 improperly. In this case you should complain. |
25474 | 246 |
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247 @xref{Getting a printed manual}, if you would like a paper copy of the |
25474 | 248 Emacs manual. |
249 | |
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250 @node File-name conventions, Common acronyms, On-line manual, FAQ notation |
25474 | 251 @section What are @file{etc/SERVICE}, @file{src/config.h}, and @file{lisp/default.el}? |
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252 @cindex File-name conventions |
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253 @cindex Conventions for file names |
25474 | 254 @cindex Directories and files that come with Emacs |
255 | |
256 These are files that come with Emacs. The Emacs distribution is divided | |
257 into subdirectories; the important ones are @file{etc}, @file{lisp}, and | |
258 @file{src}. | |
259 | |
260 If you use Emacs, but don't know where it is kept on your system, start | |
261 Emacs, then type @kbd{C-h v data-directory @key{RET}}. The directory | |
262 name displayed by this will be the full pathname of the installed | |
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263 @file{etc} directory. (This full path is recorded in the Emacs variable |
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264 @code{data-directory}, and @kbd{C-h v} displays the value and the |
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265 documentation of a variable.) |
25474 | 266 |
267 The location of your Info directory (i.e., where on-line documentation | |
268 is stored) is kept in the variable @code{Info-default-directory-list}. Use | |
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269 @kbd{C-h v Info-default-directory-list @key{RET}} to see the value of |
25474 | 270 this variable, which will be a list of directory names. The last |
271 directory in that list is probably where most Info files are stored. By | |
272 default, Info documentation is placed in @file{/usr/local/info}. | |
273 | |
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274 Some of these files are available individually via FTP or e-mail; see |
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275 @ref{Informational files for Emacs}. They all are available in the |
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276 source distribution. Many of the files in the @file{etc} directory are |
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277 also available via the Emacs @samp{Help} menu, or by typing @kbd{C-h ?} |
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278 (@kbd{M-x help-for-help}). |
25474 | 279 |
280 Your system administrator may have removed the @file{src} directory and | |
281 many files from the @file{etc} directory. | |
282 | |
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283 @node Common acronyms, , File-name conventions, FAQ notation |
25474 | 284 @section What are FSF, LPF, OSF, GNU, RMS, FTP, and GPL? |
285 @cindex FSF, definition of | |
286 @cindex LPF, definition of | |
287 @cindex OSF, definition of | |
288 @cindex GNU, definition of | |
289 @cindex RMS, definition of | |
290 @cindex Stallman, Richard, acronym for | |
291 @cindex Richard Stallman, acronym for | |
292 @cindex FTP, definition of | |
293 @cindex GPL, definition of | |
294 @cindex Acronyms, definitions for | |
295 @cindex Common acronyms, definitions for | |
296 | |
297 @table @asis | |
298 | |
299 @item FSF | |
300 Free Software Foundation | |
301 | |
302 @item LPF | |
303 League for Programming Freedom | |
304 | |
305 @item OSF | |
306 Open Software Foundation | |
307 | |
308 @item GNU | |
309 GNU's Not Unix | |
310 | |
311 @item RMS | |
312 Richard Matthew Stallman | |
313 | |
314 @item FTP | |
315 File Transfer Protocol | |
316 | |
317 @item GPL | |
318 GNU General Public License | |
319 | |
320 @end table | |
321 | |
322 Avoid confusing the FSF, the LPF, and the OSF. The LPF opposes | |
323 look-and-feel copyrights and software patents. The FSF aims to make | |
324 high quality free software available for everyone. The OSF is a | |
325 consortium of computer vendors which develops commercial software for | |
326 Unix systems. | |
327 | |
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328 The word ``free'' in the title of the Free Software Foundation refers to |
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329 ``freedom,'' not ``zero dollars.'' Anyone can charge any price for |
25474 | 330 GPL-covered software that they want to. However, in practice, the |
331 freedom enforced by the GPL leads to low prices, because you can always | |
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332 get the software for less money from someone else, since everyone has |
25474 | 333 the right to resell or give away GPL-covered software. |
334 | |
335 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
336 @node General questions, Getting help, FAQ notation, Top | |
337 @chapter General questions | |
338 @cindex General questions | |
339 | |
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340 This chapter contains general questions having to do with Emacs, the |
25474 | 341 Free Software Foundation, and related organizations. |
342 | |
343 @menu | |
344 * The LPF:: | |
345 * Real meaning of copyleft:: | |
346 * Guidelines for newsgroup postings:: | |
347 * Newsgroup archives:: | |
348 * Reporting bugs:: | |
349 * Unsubscribing from Emacs lists:: | |
350 * Contacting the FSF:: | |
351 @end menu | |
352 | |
353 @node The LPF, Real meaning of copyleft, General questions, General questions | |
354 @section What is the LPF? | |
355 @cindex LPF, description of | |
356 @cindex League for Programming Freedom | |
357 @cindex Software patents, opposition to | |
358 @cindex Patents for software, opposition to | |
359 | |
360 The LPF opposes the expanding danger of software patents and | |
361 look-and-feel copyrights. To get more information, feel free to contact | |
362 the LPF via e-mail or otherwise. You may also contact | |
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363 @email{jbw@@cs.bu.edu, Joe Wells}; he will be happy to talk to you |
25474 | 364 about the LPF. |
365 | |
366 You can find more information about the LPF in the file @file{etc/LPF}. | |
367 More papers describing the LPF's views are available on the Internet and | |
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368 also from @uref{http://lpf.ai.mit.edu/, the LPF home page}. |
25474 | 369 |
370 @node Real meaning of copyleft, Guidelines for newsgroup postings, The LPF, General questions | |
371 @section What is the real legal meaning of the GNU copyleft? | |
372 @cindex Copyleft, real meaning of | |
373 @cindex GPL, real meaning of | |
374 @cindex General Public License, real meaning of | |
375 @cindex Discussion of the GPL | |
376 | |
377 The real legal meaning of the GNU General Public License (copyleft) will | |
378 only be known if and when a judge rules on its validity and scope. | |
379 There has never been a copyright infringement case involving the GPL to | |
380 set any precedents. Please take any discussion regarding this issue to | |
381 the newsgroup @uref{news:gnu.misc.discuss}, which was created to hold the | |
382 extensive flame wars on the subject. | |
383 | |
384 RMS writes: | |
385 | |
386 @quotation | |
387 The legal meaning of the GNU copyleft is less important than the spirit, | |
388 which is that Emacs is a free software project and that work pertaining | |
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389 to Emacs should also be free software. ``Free'' means that all users |
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390 have the freedom to study, share, change and improve Emacs. To make |
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391 sure everyone has this freedom, pass along source code when you |
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392 distribute any version of Emacs or a related program, and give the |
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393 recipients the same freedom that you enjoyed. |
25474 | 394 @end quotation |
395 | |
396 @node Guidelines for newsgroup postings, Newsgroup archives, Real meaning of copyleft, General questions | |
397 @section What are appropriate messages for @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}, @uref{news:gnu.emacs.bug}, @uref{news:comp.emacs}, etc.? | |
398 @cindex Newsgroups, appropriate messages for | |
399 @cindex GNU newsgroups, appropriate messages for | |
400 @cindex Usenet groups, appropriate messages for | |
401 @cindex Mailing lists, appropriate messages for | |
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402 @cindex Posting messages to newsgroups |
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403 |
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404 @cindex GNU mailing lists |
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405 The file @file{etc/MAILINGLISTS} describes the purpose of each GNU |
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406 mailing list. (@xref{Informational files for Emacs}, if you want a copy |
25474 | 407 of the file.) For those lists which are gatewayed with newsgroups, it |
408 lists both the newsgroup name and the mailing list address. | |
409 | |
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410 The newsgroup @uref{news:comp.emacs} is for discussion of Emacs programs |
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411 in general. This includes Emacs along with various other |
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412 implementations, such as XEmacs, JOVE, MicroEmacs, Freemacs, MG, |
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413 Unipress, CCA, and Epsilon. |
25474 | 414 |
415 Many people post Emacs questions to @uref{news:comp.emacs} because they | |
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416 don't receive any of the @code{gnu.*} newsgroups. Arguments have been |
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417 made both for and against posting GNU-Emacs-specific material to |
25474 | 418 @uref{news:comp.emacs}. You have to decide for yourself. |
419 | |
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420 Messages advocating ``non-free'' software are considered unacceptable on |
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421 any of the @code{gnu.*} newsgroups except for @uref{news:gnu.misc.discuss}, |
25474 | 422 which was created to hold the extensive flame-wars on the subject. |
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423 ``Non-free'' software includes any software for which the end user can't |
25474 | 424 freely modify the source code and exchange enhancements. Be careful to |
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425 remove the @code{gnu.*} groups from the @samp{Newsgroups:} line when |
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426 posting a followup that recommends such software. |
25474 | 427 |
428 @uref{news:gnu.emacs.bug} is a place where bug reports appear, but avoid | |
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429 posting bug reports to this newsgroup directly (@pxref{Reporting bugs}). |
25474 | 430 |
431 @node Newsgroup archives, Reporting bugs, Guidelines for newsgroup postings, General questions | |
432 @section Where can I get old postings to @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help} and other GNU groups? | |
433 @cindex Archived postings from @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help} | |
434 @cindex Usenet archives for GNU groups | |
435 @cindex Old Usenet postings for GNU groups | |
436 | |
437 The FSF has maintained archives of all of the GNU mailing lists for many | |
438 years, although there may be some unintentional gaps in coverage. The | |
439 archive is not particularly well organized or easy to retrieve | |
440 individual postings from, but pretty much everything is there. | |
441 | |
442 The archive is at @uref{ftp://ftp-mailing-list-archives.gnu.org}. | |
443 | |
444 As of this writing, the archives are not yet working. | |
445 | |
446 Web-based Usenet search services, such as | |
447 @uref{http://www.dejanews.com, DejaNews}, also archive the | |
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448 @code{gnu.*} groups. |
25474 | 449 |
450 @node Reporting bugs, Unsubscribing from Emacs lists, Newsgroup archives, General questions | |
451 @section Where should I report bugs and other problems with Emacs? | |
452 @cindex Bug reporting | |
453 @cindex Good bug reports | |
454 @cindex How to submit a bug report | |
455 @cindex Reporting bugs | |
456 | |
457 The correct way to report Emacs bugs is by e-mail to | |
458 @email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org}. Anything sent here also appears in the | |
459 newsgroup @uref{news:gnu.emacs.bug}, but please use e-mail instead of | |
460 news to submit the bug report. This ensures a reliable return address | |
461 so you can be contacted for further details. | |
462 | |
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463 Be sure to read the ``Bugs'' section of the Emacs manual before reporting |
25474 | 464 a bug to bug-gnu-emacs! The manual describes in detail how to submit a |
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465 useful bug report. (@xref{On-line manual}, if you don't know how to read the |
25474 | 466 manual.) |
467 | |
468 RMS says: | |
469 | |
470 @quotation | |
471 Sending bug reports to @email{help-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} (which has the | |
472 effect of posting on @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}) is undesirable because | |
473 it takes the time of an unnecessarily large group of people, most of | |
474 whom are just users and have no idea how to fix these problem. | |
475 @email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} reaches a much smaller group of people | |
476 who are more likely to know what to do and have expressed a wish to | |
477 receive more messages about Emacs than the others. | |
478 @end quotation | |
479 | |
480 RMS says it is sometimes fine to post to @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}: | |
481 | |
482 @quotation | |
483 If you have reported a bug and you don't hear about a possible fix, | |
484 then after a suitable delay (such as a week) it is okay to post on | |
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485 @code{gnu.emacs.help} asking if anyone can help you. |
25474 | 486 @end quotation |
487 | |
488 If you are unsure whether you have found a bug, consider the following | |
489 non-exhaustive list, courtesy of RMS: | |
490 | |
491 @quotation | |
492 If Emacs crashes, that is a bug. If Emacs gets compilation errors | |
493 while building, that is a bug. If Emacs crashes while building, that | |
494 is a bug. If Lisp code does not do what the documentation says it | |
495 does, that is a bug. | |
496 @end quotation | |
497 | |
498 @node Unsubscribing from Emacs lists, Contacting the FSF, Reporting bugs, General questions | |
499 @section How do I unsubscribe from this mailing list? | |
500 @cindex Unsubscribing from GNU mailing lists | |
501 @cindex Removing yourself from GNU mailing lists | |
502 | |
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503 If you are receiving a GNU mailing list named @var{list}, you might be |
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504 able to unsubscribe from it by sending a request to the address |
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505 @email{@var{list}-request@@gnu.org}. However, this will not work if you are |
25474 | 506 not listed on the main mailing list, but instead receive the mail from a |
507 distribution point. In that case, you will have to track down at which | |
508 distribution point you are listed. Inspecting the @samp{Received} headers | |
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509 on the mail messages may help, along with liberal use of the @samp{EXPN} or |
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510 @samp{VRFY} sendmail commands through @samp{telnet @var{site-address} |
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511 smtp}. Ask your postmaster for help, if you cannot figure out these |
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512 details. |
25474 | 513 |
514 @node Contacting the FSF, , Unsubscribing from Emacs lists, General questions | |
515 @section What is the current address of the FSF? | |
516 @cindex Snail mail address of the FSF | |
517 @cindex Postal address of the FSF | |
518 @cindex Contracting the FSF | |
519 @cindex Free Software Foundation, contacting | |
520 | |
521 @table @asis | |
522 | |
523 @item E-mail | |
524 gnu@@gnu.org | |
525 | |
526 @item Telephone | |
527 +1-617-542-5942 | |
528 | |
529 @item Fax | |
530 +1-617-542-2652 | |
531 | |
532 @item World Wide Web | |
533 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/} | |
534 | |
535 @item Postal address | |
536 Free Software Foundation@* | |
537 59 Temple Place - Suite 330@* | |
538 Boston, MA 02111-1307@* | |
539 USA@* | |
540 | |
541 @end table | |
542 | |
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543 @cindex Ordering GNU software |
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544 For details on how to order items directly from the FSF, see the |
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545 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site}, and also the |
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546 files @file{etc/ORDERS}, @file{ORDERS.EUROPE}, and @file{ORDERS.JAPAN}. |
25474 | 547 |
548 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
549 @node Getting help, Status of Emacs, General questions, Top | |
550 @chapter Getting help | |
551 @cindex Getting help | |
552 | |
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553 This chapter tells you how to get help with Emacs |
25474 | 554 |
555 @menu | |
556 * Basic editing:: | |
557 * Learning how to do something:: | |
558 * Getting a printed manual:: | |
559 * Emacs Lisp documentation:: | |
560 * Installing Texinfo documentation:: | |
561 * Printing a Texinfo file:: | |
562 * Viewing Info files outside of Emacs:: | |
563 * Informational files for Emacs:: | |
564 * Help installing Emacs:: | |
565 * Obtaining the FAQ:: | |
566 @end menu | |
567 | |
568 @node Basic editing, Learning how to do something, Getting help, Getting help | |
569 @section I'm just starting Emacs; how do I do basic editing? | |
570 @cindex Basic editing with Emacs | |
571 @cindex Beginning editing | |
572 @cindex Tutorial, invoking the | |
573 @cindex Self-paced tutorial, invoking the | |
574 @cindex Help system, entering the | |
575 | |
576 Type @kbd{C-h t} to invoke the self-paced tutorial. Just typing @kbd{C-h} | |
577 enters the help system. | |
578 | |
579 Your system administrator may have changed @kbd{C-h} to act like | |
580 @key{DEL} to deal with local keyboards. You can use @kbd{M-x | |
581 help-for-help} instead to invoke help. To discover what key (if any) | |
582 invokes help on your system, type @kbd{M-x where-is @key{RET} | |
583 help-for-help @key{RET}}. This will print a comma-separated list of key | |
584 sequences in the echo area. Ignore the last character in each key | |
585 sequence listed. Each of the resulting key sequences invokes help. | |
586 | |
587 Emacs help works best if it is invoked by a single key whose value | |
588 should be stored in the variable @code{help-char}. | |
589 | |
590 There is also a WWW-based tutorial for Emacs 18, much of which is also | |
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591 relevant for later versions of Emacs, available at |
25474 | 592 |
593 @uref{http://kufacts.cc.ukans.edu/cwis/writeups/misc/emacsguide.html} | |
594 | |
595 @node Learning how to do something, Getting a printed manual, Basic editing, Getting help | |
596 @section How do I find out how to do something in Emacs? | |
597 @cindex Help for Emacs | |
598 @cindex Learning to do something in Emacs | |
599 @cindex Reference card for Emacs | |
600 @cindex Overview of help systems | |
601 | |
602 There are several methods for finding out how to do things in Emacs. | |
603 | |
604 @itemize @bullet | |
605 | |
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606 @cindex Reading the Emacs manual |
25474 | 607 @item |
608 The complete text of the Emacs manual is available on-line via the Info | |
609 hypertext reader. Type @kbd{C-h i} to invoke Info. Typing @key{h} | |
610 immediately after entering Info will provide a short tutorial on how to | |
611 use it. | |
612 | |
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613 @cindex Lookup a subject in a manual |
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614 @cindex Index search in a manual |
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615 @item |
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616 To quickly locate the section of the manual which discusses a certain |
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617 issue, or describes a command or a variable, type @kbd{C-h i m emacs |
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618 @key{RET} i @var{topic} @key{RET}}, where @var{topic} is the name of the |
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619 topic, the command, or the variable which you are looking for. If this |
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620 does not land you on the right place in the manual, press @kbd{,} |
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621 (comma) repeatedly until you find what you need. (The @kbd{i} and |
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622 @kbd{,} keys invoke the index-searching functions, which look for the |
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623 @var{topic} you type in all the indices of the Emacs manual.) |
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624 |
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625 @cindex Apropos |
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626 @item |
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627 You can list all of the commands whose names contain a certain word |
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628 (actually which match a regular expression) using @kbd{C-h a} (@kbd{M-x |
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629 command-apropos}). |
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630 |
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631 @cindex Command description in the manual |
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632 @item |
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633 The command @kbd{C-h C-f} (@code{Info-goto-emacs-command-node}) prompts |
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634 for the name of a command, and then attempts to find the section in the |
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635 Emacs manual where that command is described. |
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636 |
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637 @cindex Finding commands and variables |
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638 @item |
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639 You can list all of the functions and variables whose names contain a |
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640 certain word using @kbd{M-x apropos}. |
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|
641 |
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642 @item |
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643 You can list all of the functions and variables whose documentation |
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644 matches a regular expression or a string, using @kbd{M-x |
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645 apropos-documentation}. |
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646 |
25474 | 647 @item |
648 You can order a hardcopy of the manual from the FSF. @xref{Getting a | |
649 printed manual}. | |
650 | |
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651 @cindex Reference cards, in other languages |
25474 | 652 @item |
653 You can get a printed reference card listing commands and keys to | |
654 invoke them. You can order one from the FSF for $1 (or 10 for $5), | |
655 or you can print your own from the @file{etc/refcard.tex} or | |
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656 @file{etc/refcard.ps} files in the Emacs distribution. Beginning with |
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657 version 21.1, the Emacs distribution comes with translations of the |
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658 reference card into several languages; look for files named |
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659 @file{etc/@var{lang}-refcard.*}, where @var{lang} is a two-letter code |
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660 of the language. For example, the German version of the reference card |
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661 is in the files @file{etc/de-refcard.tex} and @file{etc/de-refcard.ps}. |
25474 | 662 |
663 @item | |
664 There are many other commands in Emacs for getting help and | |
665 information. To get a list of these commands, type @samp{?} after | |
666 @kbd{C-h}. | |
667 | |
668 @end itemize | |
669 | |
670 @node Getting a printed manual, Emacs Lisp documentation, Learning how to do something, Getting help | |
671 @section How do I get a printed copy of the Emacs manual? | |
672 @cindex Printed Emacs manual, obtaining | |
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673 @cindex Manual, obtaining a printed or HTML copy of |
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674 @cindex Emacs manual, obtaining a printed or HTML copy of |
25474 | 675 |
676 You can order a printed copy of the Emacs manual from the FSF. For | |
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677 details see the @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site} |
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678 and the file @file{etc/ORDERS}. |
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|
679 |
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680 @c The number 620 below is version-dependent! |
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681 The full Texinfo source for the manual also comes in the @file{man} |
25474 | 682 directory of the Emacs distribution, if you're daring enough to try to |
34741
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683 print out this 620-page manual yourself (@pxref{Printing a Texinfo |
25474 | 684 file}). |
685 | |
686 If you absolutely have to print your own copy, and you don't have @TeX{}, | |
687 you can get a PostScript version from | |
688 | |
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689 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/manual/emacs/ps/emacs.ps.gz} |
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|
690 |
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691 @cindex HTML version of Emacs manual, obtaining |
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692 An HTML version of the manual is at |
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|
693 |
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694 @uref{www.gnu.org/manual/emacs/index.html} |
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|
695 |
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696 @xref{Learning how to do something}, for how to view the manual on-line. |
25474 | 697 |
698 @node Emacs Lisp documentation, Installing Texinfo documentation, Getting a printed manual, Getting help | |
699 @section Where can I get documentation on Emacs Lisp? | |
700 @cindex Documentation on Emacs Lisp | |
701 @cindex Function documentation | |
702 @cindex Variable documentation | |
703 @cindex Emacs Lisp Reference Manual | |
704 @cindex Reference manual for Emacs Lisp | |
705 | |
706 Within Emacs, you can type @kbd{C-h f} to get the documentation for a | |
707 function, @kbd{C-h v} for a variable. | |
708 | |
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709 For more information, obtain the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. Details |
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710 on ordering it from FSF are on the |
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711 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site} and in the file |
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712 @file{etc/ORDERS}. |
25474 | 713 |
714 The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is also available on-line, in Info | |
715 format. Texinfo source for the manual (along with pregenerated Info | |
716 files) is available at | |
717 | |
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718 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-manual-21-2.6.tar.gz} |
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|
719 |
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|
720 and all mirrors of @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (for a list, @pxref{Current GNU |
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|
721 distributions}). @xref{Installing Texinfo documentation}, if you want |
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722 to install the Info files, or @ref{Printing a Texinfo file}, if you want |
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723 to use the Texinfo source to print the manual yourself. |
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|
724 |
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725 An HTML version of the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is available at |
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|
726 |
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727 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/manual/elisp-manual-21-2.6/elisp.html} |
25474 | 728 |
729 @node Installing Texinfo documentation, Printing a Texinfo file, Emacs Lisp documentation, Getting help | |
730 @section How do I install a piece of Texinfo documentation? | |
731 @cindex Texinfo documentation, installing | |
732 @cindex Installing Texinfo documentation | |
733 @cindex New Texinfo files, installing | |
734 @cindex Documentation, installing new Texinfo files | |
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735 @cindex Info files, how to install |
25474 | 736 |
737 First, you must turn the Texinfo files into Info files. You may do this | |
738 using the stand-alone @file{makeinfo} program, available as part of the latest | |
739 Texinfo package at | |
740 | |
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741 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/texinfo/texinfo-4.0.tar.gz} |
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|
742 |
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743 and all mirrors of @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (for a list, @pxref{Current GNU |
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744 distributions}). |
25474 | 745 |
746 For information about the Texinfo format, read the Texinfo manual which | |
34741
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747 comes with the Texinfo package. This manual also comes installed in |
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|
748 Info format, so you can read it on-line; type @kbd{C-h i m texinfo |
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|
749 @key{RET}}. |
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|
750 |
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751 Alternatively, you could use the Emacs command @kbd{M-x |
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752 texinfo-format-buffer}, after visiting the Texinfo source file of the |
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753 manual you want to convert. |
25474 | 754 |
755 Neither @code{texinfo-format-buffer} nor @file{makeinfo} installs the | |
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756 resulting Info files in Emacs's Info tree. To install Info files, |
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757 perform these steps: |
25474 | 758 |
759 @enumerate | |
34741
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|
760 @item |
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761 Move the files to the @file{info} directory in the installed Emacs |
36383
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762 distribution. @xref{File-name conventions}, if you don't know where that |
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|
763 is. |
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|
764 |
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|
765 @item |
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766 Run the @code{install-info} command, which is part of the Texinfo |
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767 distribution, to update the main Info directory menu, like this: |
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|
768 |
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|
769 @example |
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770 install-info --info-dir=@var{dir-path} @var{dir-path}/@var{file} |
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771 @end example |
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772 |
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773 @noindent |
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774 where @var{dir-path} is the full path to the directory where you copied |
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775 the produced Info file(s), and @var{file} is the name of the Info file |
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776 you produced and want to install. |
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777 |
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778 If you don't have the @code{install-info} command installed, you can |
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779 edit the file @file{info/dir} in the installed Emacs distribution, and |
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780 add a line for the top level node in the Info package that you are |
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781 installing. Follow the examples already in this file. The format is: |
25474 | 782 |
783 @example | |
784 * Topic: (relative-pathname). Short description of topic. | |
785 @end example | |
786 | |
787 @end enumerate | |
788 | |
789 If you want to install Info files and you don't have the necessary | |
790 privileges, you have several options: | |
791 | |
792 @itemize @bullet | |
793 @item | |
794 Info files don't actually need to be installed before being used. You | |
795 can feed a file name to the @code{Info-goto-node} command (invoked by | |
796 pressing @key{g} in Info mode) by typing the name of the file in | |
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797 parentheses. This goes to the node named ``Top'' in that file. For |
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798 example, to view a Info file named @file{@var{info-file}} in your home |
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799 directory, you can type this: |
25474 | 800 |
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801 @example |
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802 @kbd{C-h i g (~/@var{info-file}) @key{RET}} |
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803 @end example |
25474 | 804 |
805 @item | |
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806 You can create your own Info directory. You can tell Emacs where that |
25474 | 807 Info directory is by adding its pathname to the value of the variable |
808 @code{Info-default-directory-list}. For example, to use a private Info | |
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809 directory which is a subdirectory of your home directory named @file{Info}, |
25474 | 810 you could put this in your @file{.emacs} file: |
811 | |
812 @lisp | |
813 (setq Info-default-directory-list | |
814 (cons "~/Info" Info-default-directory-list)) | |
815 @end lisp | |
816 | |
817 You will need a top-level Info file named @file{dir} in this directory | |
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818 which has everything the system @file{dir} file has in it, except it should |
25474 | 819 list only entries for Info files in that directory. You might not need |
820 it if all files in this directory were referenced by other @file{dir} | |
821 files. The node lists from all @file{dir} files in | |
822 @code{Info-default-directory-list} are merged by the Info system. | |
823 | |
824 @end itemize | |
825 | |
826 @node Printing a Texinfo file, Viewing Info files outside of Emacs, Installing Texinfo documentation, Getting help | |
827 @section How do I print a Texinfo file? | |
828 @cindex Printing a Texinfo file | |
829 @cindex Texinfo file, printing | |
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830 @cindex Printing documentation |
25474 | 831 |
832 You can't get nicely printed output from Info files; you must still have | |
833 the original Texinfo source file for the manual you want to print. | |
834 | |
835 Assuming you have @TeX{} installed on your system, follow these steps: | |
836 | |
837 @enumerate | |
838 | |
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839 @item |
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840 Make sure the first line of the Texinfo file looks like this: |
25474 | 841 |
842 @example | |
843 \input texinfo | |
844 @end example | |
845 | |
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846 You may need to change @samp{texinfo} to the full pathname of the |
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847 @file{texinfo.tex} file, which comes with Emacs as |
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848 @file{man/texinfo.tex} (or copy or link it into the current directory). |
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849 |
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850 @item |
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851 Type @kbd{texi2dvi @var{texinfo-source}}, where @var{texinfo-source} is |
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852 the name of the Texinfo source file for which you want to produce a |
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853 printed copy. |
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854 |
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855 The @samp{texi2dvi} script is part of the GNU Texinfo distribution |
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856 (@pxref{Installing Texinfo documentation}). |
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|
857 |
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858 @item |
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859 Print the DVI file @file{@var{texinfo-source}.dvi} in the normal way for |
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860 printing DVI files at your site. For example, if you have a PostScript |
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861 printer, run the @code{dvips} program to print the DVI file on that |
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862 printer. |
25474 | 863 |
864 @end enumerate | |
865 | |
866 To get more general instructions, retrieve the latest Texinfo package | |
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867 (@pxref{Installing Texinfo documentation}). |
25474 | 868 |
869 @node Viewing Info files outside of Emacs, Informational files for Emacs, Printing a Texinfo file, Getting help | |
870 @section Can I view Info files without using Emacs? | |
871 @cindex Viewing Info files | |
872 @cindex Info file viewers | |
873 @cindex Alternative Info file viewers | |
874 | |
875 Yes. Here are some alternative programs: | |
876 | |
877 @itemize @bullet | |
878 | |
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879 @item |
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880 @code{info}, a stand-alone version of the Info program, comes as part of |
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881 the Texinfo package. @xref{Installing Texinfo documentation}, for |
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882 details. |
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883 |
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|
884 @item |
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885 Xinfo, a stand-alone version of the Info program that runs under X |
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886 Window system. You can get it at |
25474 | 887 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/xinfo/xinfo-1.01.01.tar.gz} and all |
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888 mirrors of @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (see @ref{Current GNU distributions}, for a |
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|
889 list of mirrors). |
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|
890 |
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891 @item |
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892 Tkinfo, an Info viewer that runs under X Window system and uses Tcl/Tk. |
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893 You can get Tkinfo at |
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894 @uref{http://math-www.uni-paderborn.de/~axel/tkinfo/}. |
25474 | 895 |
896 @end itemize | |
897 | |
898 @node Informational files for Emacs, Help installing Emacs, Viewing Info files outside of Emacs, Getting help | |
899 @section What informational files are available for Emacs? | |
900 @cindex Informational files included with Emacs | |
901 @cindex Files included with Emacs | |
902 @cindex @file{COPYING}, description of file | |
903 @cindex @file{DISTRIB}, description of file | |
904 @cindex @file{FTP}, description of file | |
905 @cindex @file{GNU}, description of file | |
906 @cindex @file{INTERVIEW}, description of file | |
907 @cindex @file{LPF}, description of file | |
908 @cindex @file{MACHINES}, description of file | |
909 @cindex @file{MAILINGLISTS}, description of file | |
910 @cindex @file{NEWS}, description of file | |
911 @cindex @file{SERVICE}, description of file | |
912 @cindex @file{SUN-SUPPORT}, description of file | |
913 | |
914 This isn't a frequently asked question, but it should be! A variety of | |
915 informational files about Emacs and relevant aspects of the GNU project | |
916 are available for you to read. | |
917 | |
918 The following files are available in the @file{etc} directory of the | |
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919 Emacs distribution (see @ref{File-name conventions}, if you're not sure |
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920 where that is). |
25474 | 921 |
922 @table @file | |
923 | |
924 @item COPYING | |
925 Emacs General Public License | |
926 | |
927 @item DISTRIB | |
928 Emacs Availability Information, including the popular "Free Software | |
929 Foundation Order Form" | |
930 | |
931 @item FTP | |
932 How to get GNU Software by Internet FTP or by UUCP | |
933 | |
934 @item GNU | |
935 The GNU Manifesto | |
936 | |
937 @item INTERVIEW | |
938 Richard Stallman discusses his public-domain UNIX-compatible software | |
939 system with BYTE editors | |
940 | |
941 @item LPF | |
942 Why you should join the League for Programming Freedom | |
943 | |
944 @item MACHINES | |
945 Status of Emacs on Various Machines and Systems | |
946 | |
947 @item MAILINGLISTS | |
948 GNU Project Electronic Mailing Lists | |
949 | |
950 @item NEWS | |
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951 Emacs news, a history of recent user-visible changes |
25474 | 952 |
953 @item SERVICE | |
954 GNU Service Directory | |
955 | |
956 @item SUN-SUPPORT | |
957 including "Using Emacstool with GNU Emacs" | |
958 | |
959 @end table | |
960 | |
961 Latest versions of the above files also available at | |
962 | |
963 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/} | |
964 | |
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965 More GNU information, including back issues of the @cite{GNU's |
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966 Bulletin}, are at |
25474 | 967 |
968 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/bulletins/bulletins.html} and | |
969 | |
970 @uref{http://www.cs.pdx.edu/~trent/gnu/gnu.html} | |
971 | |
972 @node Help installing Emacs, Obtaining the FAQ, Informational files for Emacs, Getting help | |
973 @section Where can I get help in installing Emacs? | |
974 @cindex Installation help | |
975 @cindex Help installing Emacs | |
976 | |
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977 @xref{Installing Emacs}, for some basic installation hints, and see |
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978 @ref{Problems building Emacs}, or @ref{Linking with -lX11 fails}, if you |
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979 have problems with the installation. |
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980 |
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981 The file @file{etc/SERVICE} (see @ref{File-name conventions}, if you're |
34741
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982 not sure where that is) lists companies and individuals willing to sell |
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983 you help in installing or using Emacs. An up-to-date version this file |
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984 is available on @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (@pxref{Informational files for |
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985 Emacs}). |
25474 | 986 |
987 @node Obtaining the FAQ, , Help installing Emacs, Getting help | |
988 @section Where can I get the latest version of this FAQ? | |
989 @cindex FAQ, obtaining the | |
990 @cindex Latest FAQ version, obtaining the | |
991 @cindex Retrieving the latest FAQ version | |
992 @cindex E-mail, retrieving the FAQ via | |
993 @cindex Web, reading the FAQ on the | |
994 | |
995 The Emacs FAQ is available in several ways: | |
996 | |
997 @itemize @bullet | |
998 | |
999 @item | |
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1000 Inside of Emacs itself. You can get it from selecting the @samp{Emacs |
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1001 FAQ} option from the @samp{Help} menu of the Emacs menu bar at the top |
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1002 of any Emacs frame, or by typing @kbd{C-h F} (@kbd{M-x view-emacs-FAQ}). |
25474 | 1003 |
1004 @item | |
1005 Via USENET. If you can read news, the FAQ should be available in your | |
1006 news spool, in both the @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help} and | |
1007 @uref{news:comp.emacs} newsgroups. Every news reader should allow you | |
1008 to read any news article that is still in the news spool, even if you | |
1009 have read the article before. You may need to read the instructions for | |
1010 your news reader to discover how to do this. In @file{rn}, this command | |
1011 will do this for you at the article selection level: | |
1012 | |
1013 @example | |
1014 ?GNU Emacs Frequently Asked Questions?rc:m | |
1015 @end example | |
1016 | |
1017 In Gnus, you should type @kbd{C-u C-x C-s} from the @file{*Summary*} | |
1018 buffer or @kbd{C-u @key{SPC}} from the @file{*Newsgroup*} buffer to view | |
1019 all articles in a newsgroup. | |
1020 | |
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1021 If the FAQ articles have expired and have been deleted from your news |
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1022 spool, it might (or might not) do some good to complain to your news |
25474 | 1023 administrator, because the most recent FAQ should not expire for a |
1024 while. | |
1025 | |
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1026 @item |
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1027 Via HTTP or FTP. You can always fetch the latest FAQ from |
25474 | 1028 |
1029 @uref{http://www.lerner.co.il/emacs/} and | |
1030 | |
1031 @uref{ftp://ftp.lerner.co.il/pub/emacs/} | |
1032 | |
1033 @item | |
1034 In the Emacs distribution. Since Emacs 18.56, the FAQ at the time | |
37530
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1035 of release has been part of the Emacs distribution as either |
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1036 @file{etc/FAQ} or @file{man/faq.texi} (@pxref{File-name conventions}). |
25474 | 1037 |
1038 @item | |
1039 Via the World Wide Web. A hypertext version is available at | |
1040 | |
1041 @uref{http://www.lerner.co.il/emacs/} | |
1042 | |
1043 @item | |
1044 Via anonymous ftp and e-mail from @file{rtfm.mit.edu} (and its mirror in | |
1045 Europe), the main repository for FAQs and other items posted to | |
1046 news.answers. The Emacs FAQs are available at | |
1047 | |
1048 @uref{ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.emacs/} and | |
1049 | |
1050 @uref{ftp://ftp.uni-paderborn.de/pub/doc/FAQ/comp/emacs/} | |
1051 | |
1052 If you do not have access to anonymous FTP, you can access the archives | |
1053 using the @file{rtfm.mit.edu} mail server. The Emacs FAQ can be | |
1054 retrieved by sending mail to @email{mail-server@@rtfm.mit.edu} with a | |
1055 blank subject and containing | |
1056 | |
1057 @example | |
1058 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/diffs | |
1059 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part1 | |
1060 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part2 | |
1061 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part3 | |
1062 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part4 | |
1063 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part5 | |
1064 @end example | |
1065 | |
1066 For more information, send email to @email{mail-server@@rtfm.mit.edu} | |
1067 with "help" and "index" in the body on separate lines. | |
1068 | |
1069 @item | |
1070 As the very last resort, you can e-mail a request to | |
1071 @email{emacs-faq@@lerner.co.il}. Don't do this unless you have made a | |
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1072 good-faith effort to obtain the FAQ list via one of the methods listed |
25474 | 1073 above. |
1074 | |
1075 @end itemize | |
1076 | |
1077 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
1078 @node Status of Emacs, Common requests, Getting help, Top | |
1079 @chapter Status of Emacs | |
1080 @cindex Status of Emacs | |
1081 | |
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1082 This chapter gives you basic information about Emacs, including its |
25474 | 1083 latest version status. |
1084 | |
1085 @menu | |
1086 * Origin of the term Emacs:: | |
1087 * Latest version of Emacs:: | |
1088 * New in Emacs 20:: | |
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1089 * New in Emacs 21:: |
25474 | 1090 @end menu |
1091 | |
1092 @node Origin of the term Emacs, Latest version of Emacs, Status of Emacs, Status of Emacs | |
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1093 @section Where does the name ``Emacs'' come from? |
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1094 @cindex Origin of the term ``Emacs'' |
25474 | 1095 @cindex Emacs name origin |
1096 @cindex TECO | |
1097 @cindex Original version of Emacs | |
1098 | |
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1099 Emacs originally was an acronym for Editor MACroS. RMS says he ``picked |
25474 | 1100 the name Emacs because @key{E} was not in use as an abbreviation on ITS at |
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1101 the time.'' The first Emacs was a set of macros written in 1976 at MIT |
25474 | 1102 by RMS for the editor TECO (Text Editor and COrrector, originally Tape |
1103 Editor and COrrector) under ITS on a PDP-10. RMS had already extended | |
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1104 TECO with a ``real-time'' full-screen mode with reprogrammable keys. |
25474 | 1105 Emacs was started by @email{gls@@east.sun.com, Guy Steele} as a project |
1106 to unify the many divergent TECO command sets and key bindings at MIT, | |
1107 and completed by RMS. | |
1108 | |
1109 Many people have said that TECO code looks a lot like line noise; you | |
1110 can read more at @uref{news:alt.lang.teco}. Someone has written a TECO | |
34741
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1111 implementation in Emacs Lisp (to find it, see @ref{Packages that do not |
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1112 come with Emacs}); it would be an interesting project to run the |
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1113 original TECO Emacs inside of Emacs. |
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1114 |
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1115 @cindex Why Emacs? |
25474 | 1116 For some not-so-serious alternative reasons for Emacs to have that |
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1117 name, check out the file @file{etc/JOKES} (@pxref{File-name |
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1118 conventions}). |
25474 | 1119 |
1120 @node Latest version of Emacs, New in Emacs 20, Origin of the term Emacs, Status of Emacs | |
1121 @section What is the latest version of Emacs? | |
1122 @cindex Version, latest | |
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1123 @cindex Latest version of Emacs |
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1124 |
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1125 Emacs @value{VER} is the current version as of this writing. |
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1126 |
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1127 @node New in Emacs 20, New in Emacs 21, Latest version of Emacs, Status of Emacs |
25474 | 1128 @section What is different about Emacs 20? |
1129 @cindex Differences between Emacs 19 and Emacs 20 | |
1130 @cindex Emacs 20, new features in | |
1131 | |
1132 To find out what has changed in recent versions, type @kbd{C-h n} | |
1133 (@kbd{M-x view-emacs-news}). The oldest changes are at the bottom of | |
1134 the file, so you might want to read it starting there, rather than at | |
1135 the top. | |
1136 | |
1137 The differences between Emacs versions 18 and 19 was rather dramatic; | |
1138 the introduction of frames, faces, and colors on windowing systems was | |
1139 obvious to even the most casual user. | |
1140 | |
1141 There are differences between Emacs versions 19 and 20 as well, but many | |
1142 are more subtle or harder to find. Among the changes are the inclusion | |
34741
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1143 of MULE code for languages that use non-Latin characters and for mixing |
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1144 several languages in the same document; the ``Customize'' facility for |
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1145 modifying variables without having to use Lisp; and automatic conversion |
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1146 of files from Macintosh, Microsoft, and Unix platforms. |
25474 | 1147 |
1148 A number of older Lisp packages, such as Gnus, Supercite and the | |
1149 calendar/diary, have been updated and enhanced to work with Emacs 20, | |
1150 and are now included with the standard distribution. | |
1151 | |
1152 | |
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1153 @node New in Emacs 21, , New in Emacs 20, Status of Emacs |
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1154 @section What is different about Emacs 21? |
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1155 @cindex Differences between Emacs 20 and Emacs 21 |
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1156 @cindex Emacs 21, new features in |
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1157 @cindex Recently introduced features |
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1158 |
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1159 @cindex Variable-size fonts |
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1160 @cindex Toolbar support |
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1161 Emacs 21 features a thorough rewrite of the display engine. The new |
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1162 display engine supports variable-size fonts, images, and can play sounds |
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1163 on platforms which support that. As a result, the visual appearence of |
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1164 Emacs, when it runs on a windowed display, is much more reminiscent of |
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1165 modern GUI programs, and includes 3D widgets (used for the mode line and |
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1166 the scroll bars), a configurable and extensible toolbar, tooltips |
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1167 (a.k.a.@: balloon help), and other niceties. |
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1168 |
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1169 @cindex Colors on text-only terminals |
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1170 @cindex TTY colors |
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1171 In addition, Emacs 21 supports faces on text-only terminals. This means |
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1172 that you can now have colors when you run Emacs on a GNU/Linux console |
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1173 and on @code{xterm} with @kbd{emacs -nw}. |
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1174 |
25474 | 1175 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ |
1176 @node Common requests, Bugs and problems, Status of Emacs, Top | |
1177 @chapter Common requests | |
1178 @cindex Common requests | |
1179 | |
1180 @menu | |
1181 * Setting up a customization file:: | |
1182 * Debugging a customization file:: | |
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1183 * Colors on a TTY:: |
25474 | 1184 * Displaying the current line or column:: |
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1185 * Displaying the current file name in the titlebar:: |
25474 | 1186 * Turning on abbrevs by default:: |
1187 * Turning on auto-fill by default:: | |
1188 * Associating modes with files:: | |
1189 * Working with unprintable characters:: | |
1190 * Highlighting a region:: | |
1191 * Controlling case sensitivity:: | |
1192 * Wrapping words automatically:: | |
1193 * Spell-checkers:: | |
1194 * Checking TeX and *roff documents:: | |
1195 * Changing load-path:: | |
1196 * Using an already running Emacs process:: | |
1197 * Compiler error messages:: | |
1198 * Indenting switch statements:: | |
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1199 * Customizing C and C++ indentation:: |
25474 | 1200 * Horizontal scrolling:: |
1201 * Overwrite mode:: | |
1202 * Turning off beeping:: | |
1203 * Turning the volume down:: | |
1204 * Automatic indentation:: | |
1205 * Matching parentheses:: | |
1206 * Hiding #ifdef lines:: | |
1207 * Repeating commands:: | |
1208 * Valid X resources:: | |
1209 * Evaluating Emacs Lisp code:: | |
1210 * Changing the length of a Tab:: | |
1211 * Inserting > at the beginning of each line:: | |
1212 * Underlining paragraphs:: | |
1213 * Repeating a command as many times as possible:: | |
1214 * Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column:: | |
1215 * Forcing Emacs to iconify itself:: | |
1216 * Using regular expressions:: | |
1217 * Replacing text across multiple files:: | |
1218 * Documentation for etags:: | |
1219 * Disabling backups:: | |
1220 * Disabling auto-save-mode:: | |
36301
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1221 * Going to a line by number:: |
25474 | 1222 * Modifying pull-down menus:: |
1223 * Deleting menus and menu options:: | |
1224 * Turning on syntax highlighting:: | |
1225 * Scrolling only one line:: | |
1226 * Replacing highlighted text:: | |
1227 * Editing MS-DOS files:: | |
1228 * Filling paragraphs with a single space:: | |
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1229 * Escape sequences in shell output:: |
25474 | 1230 @end menu |
1231 | |
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1232 @node Setting up a customization file, Colors on a TTY, Common requests, Common requests |
25474 | 1233 @section How do I set up a @file{.emacs} file properly? |
1234 @cindex @file{.emacs} file, setting up | |
1235 @cindex Init file, setting up | |
1236 @cindex Customization file, setting up | |
1237 | |
1238 @inforef{Init File, Init File, emacs} | |
1239 | |
1240 In general, new Emacs users should not have @file{.emacs} files, because | |
1241 it causes confusing non-standard behavior. Then they send questions to | |
1242 @email{help-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} asking why Emacs isn't behaving as | |
1243 documented. | |
1244 | |
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1245 Beginning with version 20.1, Emacs includes the new Customize |
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1246 facility, which can be invoked using @kbd{M-x customize @key{RET}}. |
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1247 This allows users who are unfamiliar with Emacs Lisp to modify their |
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1248 @file{.emacs} files in a relatively straightforward way, using menus |
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1249 rather than Lisp code. Not all packages support Customize as of this |
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1250 writing, but the number is growing fairly steadily. |
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1251 |
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1252 While Customize might indeed make it easier to configure Emacs, |
25474 | 1253 consider taking a bit of time to learn Emacs Lisp and modifying your |
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1254 @file{.emacs} directly. Simple configuration options are described |
25474 | 1255 rather completely in @inforef{Init File, Init File, emacs}, for users |
1256 interested in performing frequently requested, basic tasks. | |
1257 | |
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1258 @node Colors on a TTY, Debugging a customization file, Setting up a customization file, Common requests |
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1259 @section How do I get colors and syntax highlighting on a TTY? |
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1260 @cindex Colors on a TTY |
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1261 @cindex Syntax highlighting on a TTY |
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1262 @cindex Console, colors |
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1263 |
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1264 As of Emacs 21.1, colors and faces are supported in non-windowed mode, |
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1265 i.e.@: on Unix and GNU/Linux text-only terminals and consoles, and when |
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1266 invoked as @samp{emacs -nw} on X and MS-Windows. (Colors and faces were |
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1267 supported in the MS-DOS port since Emacs 19.29.) Emacs automatically |
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1268 detects color support at startup and uses it if available. If you think |
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Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1269 that your terminal supports colors, but Emacs won't use them, check the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1270 @code{termcap} entry for your display type for color-related |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1271 capabilities. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1272 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1273 The command @kbd{M-x list-colors-display} pops up a window which |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1274 exhibits all the colors Emacs knows about on the current display. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1275 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1276 Syntax highlighting is usually turned off by default; see @ref{Turning |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1277 on syntax highlighting}, for instructions how to turn it on. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1278 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1279 @node Debugging a customization file, Displaying the current line or column, Colors on a TTY, Common requests |
25474 | 1280 @section How do I debug a @file{.emacs} file? |
1281 @cindex Debugging @file{.emacs} file | |
1282 @cindex @file{.emacs} debugging | |
1283 @cindex Init file debugging | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1284 @cindex @samp{-debug-init} option |
25474 | 1285 |
1286 Start Emacs with the @samp{-debug-init} command-line option. This | |
1287 enables the Emacs Lisp debugger before evaluating your @file{.emacs} | |
1288 file, and places you in the debugger if something goes wrong. The top | |
1289 line in the @file{trace-back} buffer will be the error message, and the | |
1290 second or third line of that buffer will display the Lisp code from your | |
1291 @file{.emacs} file that caused the problem. | |
1292 | |
1293 You can also evaluate an individual function or argument to a function | |
1294 in your @file{.emacs} file by moving the cursor to the end of the | |
1295 function or argument and typing @kbd{C-x C-e} (@kbd{M-x | |
1296 eval-last-sexp}). | |
1297 | |
1298 Use @kbd{C-h v} (@kbd{M-x describe-variable}) to check the value of | |
1299 variables which you are trying to set or use. | |
1300 | |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1301 @node Displaying the current line or column, Displaying the current file name in the titlebar, Debugging a customization file, Common requests |
25474 | 1302 @section How do I make Emacs display the current line (or column) number? |
1303 @cindex @code{line-number-mode} | |
1304 @cindex Displaying the current line or column | |
1305 @cindex Line number, displaying the current | |
1306 @cindex Column, displaying the current | |
1307 @cindex @code{mode-line-format} | |
1308 | |
1309 To have Emacs automatically display the current line number of the point | |
1310 in the mode line, do @kbd{M-x line-number-mode}. You can also put the | |
1311 form | |
1312 | |
1313 @lisp | |
1314 (setq line-number-mode t) | |
1315 @end lisp | |
1316 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1317 @noindent |
25474 | 1318 in your @file{.emacs} file to achieve this whenever you start Emacs. |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1319 (Line number display is on by default, unless your site-specific |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1320 initialization disables it.) Note that Emacs will not display the line |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1321 number if the buffer's size in bytes is larger than the value of the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1322 variable @code{line-number-display-limit}. |
25474 | 1323 |
1324 As of Emacs 20, you can similarly display the current column with | |
1325 @kbd{M-x column-number-mode}, or by putting the form | |
1326 | |
1327 @lisp | |
1328 (setq column-number-mode t) | |
1329 @end lisp | |
1330 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1331 @noindent |
25474 | 1332 in your @file{.emacs} file. |
1333 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1334 The @code{"%c"} format specifier in the variable @code{mode-line-format} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1335 will insert the current column's value into the mode line. See the |
25474 | 1336 documentation for @code{mode-line-format} (using @kbd{C-h v |
1337 mode-line-format @key{RET}}) for more information on how to set and use | |
1338 this variable. | |
1339 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1340 Users of all Emacs versions can display the current column using the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1341 @samp{column} package written by @email{abraham@@dina.kvl.dk, Per |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1342 Abrahamsen}. @xref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}, for |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1343 instructions on how to get it. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1344 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1345 @cindex Set number capability in @code{vi} emulators |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1346 None of the @code{vi} emulation modes provide the ``set number'' |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1347 capability of @code{vi} (as far as we know). |
25474 | 1348 |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
1349 @node Displaying the current file name in the titlebar, Turning on abbrevs by default, Displaying the current line or column, Common requests |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
1350 @section How can I modify the titlebar to contain the current file name? |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
1351 @cindex Titlebar, displaying the current file name in |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
1352 @cindex File name, displaying in the titlebar |
25474 | 1353 @cindex @code{frame-title-format} |
1354 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1355 The contents of an Emacs frame's titlebar is controlled by the variable |
25474 | 1356 @code{frame-title-format}, which has the same structure as the variable |
1357 @code{mode-line-format}. (Use @kbd{C-h v} or @kbd{M-x | |
1358 describe-variable} to get information about one or both of these | |
1359 variables.) | |
1360 | |
1361 By default, the titlebar for a frame does contain the name of the buffer | |
1362 currently being visited, except if there is a single frame. In such a | |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
1363 case, the titlebar contains Emacs invocation name and the name of the |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
1364 machine at which Emacs was invoked. This is done by setting |
25474 | 1365 @code{frame-title-format} to the default value of |
1366 | |
1367 @lisp | |
1368 (multiple-frames "%b" ("" invocation-name "@@" system-name)) | |
1369 @end lisp | |
1370 | |
1371 To modify the behavior such that frame titlebars contain the buffer's | |
1372 name regardless of the number of existing frames, include the following | |
1373 in your @file{.emacs}: | |
1374 | |
1375 @lisp | |
1376 (setq frame-title-format "%b") | |
1377 @end lisp | |
1378 | |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
1379 @node Turning on abbrevs by default, Turning on auto-fill by default, Displaying the current file name in the titlebar, Common requests |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1380 @section How do I turn on abbrevs by default just in mode @var{mymode}? |
25474 | 1381 @cindex Abbrevs, turning on by default |
1382 | |
1383 Put this in your @file{.emacs} file: | |
1384 | |
1385 @lisp | |
1386 (condition-case () | |
1387 (quietly-read-abbrev-file) | |
1388 (file-error nil)) | |
1389 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1390 (add-hook '@var{mymode}-mode-hook |
28344
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
1391 (lambda () |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
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|
1392 (setq abbrev-mode t))) |
25474 | 1393 @end lisp |
1394 | |
1395 @node Turning on auto-fill by default, Associating modes with files, Turning on abbrevs by default, Common requests | |
1396 @section How do I turn on @code{auto-fill-mode} by default? | |
1397 @cindex @code{auto-fill-mode}, activating automatically | |
1398 @cindex Filling automatically | |
1399 @cindex Automatic entry to @code{auto-fill-mode} | |
1400 | |
1401 To turn on @code{auto-fill-mode} just once for one buffer, use @kbd{M-x | |
1402 auto-fill-mode}. | |
1403 | |
1404 To turn it on for every buffer in a certain mode, you must use the hook | |
1405 for that mode. For example, to turn on @code{auto-fill} mode for all | |
1406 text buffers, including the following in your @file{.emacs} file: | |
1407 | |
1408 @lisp | |
1409 (add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-auto-fill) | |
1410 @end lisp | |
1411 | |
1412 If you want @code{auto-fill} mode on in all major modes, do this: | |
1413 | |
1414 @lisp | |
1415 (setq-default auto-fill-function 'do-auto-fill) | |
1416 @end lisp | |
1417 | |
1418 @node Associating modes with files, Working with unprintable characters, Turning on auto-fill by default, Common requests | |
1419 @section How do I make Emacs use a certain major mode for certain files? | |
1420 @cindex Associating modes with files | |
1421 @cindex File extensions and modes | |
1422 @cindex @code{auto-mode-alist}, modifying | |
1423 @cindex Modes, associating with file extensions | |
1424 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1425 If you want to use a certain mode @var{foo} for all files whose names end |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1426 with the extension @file{.@var{bar}}, this will do it for you: |
25474 | 1427 |
1428 @lisp | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1429 (setq auto-mode-alist (cons '("\\.@var{bar}\\'" . @var{foo}-mode) auto-mode-alist)) |
25474 | 1430 @end lisp |
1431 | |
1432 Otherwise put this somewhere in the first line of any file you want to | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1433 edit in the mode @var{foo} (in the second line, if the first line begins |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1434 with @samp{#!}): |
25474 | 1435 |
1436 @example | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1437 -*- @var{foo} -*- |
25474 | 1438 @end example |
1439 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1440 @cindex Major mode for shell scripts |
25474 | 1441 Beginning with Emacs 19, the variable @code{interpreter-mode-alist} |
1442 specifies which mode to use when loading a shell script. (Emacs | |
1443 determines which interpreter you're using by examining the first line of | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1444 the script.) This feature only applies when the file name doesn't |
25474 | 1445 indicate which mode to use. Use @kbd{C-h v} (or @kbd{M-x |
1446 describe-variable}) on @code{interpreter-mode-alist} to learn more. | |
1447 | |
1448 @node Working with unprintable characters, Highlighting a region, Associating modes with files, Common requests | |
1449 @section How do I search for, delete, or replace unprintable (eight-bit or control) characters? | |
1450 @cindex Unprintable characters, working with | |
1451 @cindex Working with unprintable characters | |
1452 @cindex Control characters, working with | |
1453 @cindex Eight-bit characters, working with | |
1454 @cindex Searching for unprintable characters | |
1455 @cindex Regexps and unprintable characters | |
1456 | |
1457 To search for a single character that appears in the buffer as, for | |
1458 example, @samp{\237}, you can type @kbd{C-s C-q 2 3 7}. (This assumes | |
1459 the value of @code{search-quote-char} is 17 (i.e., @kbd{C-q}).) | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1460 Searching for @strong{all} unprintable characters is best done with a |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1461 regular expression (@dfn{regexp}) search. The easiest regexp to use for |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1462 the unprintable chars is the complement of the regexp for the printable |
25474 | 1463 chars. |
1464 | |
1465 @itemize @bullet | |
1466 | |
1467 @item | |
1468 Regexp for the printable chars: @samp{[\t\n\r\f -~]} | |
1469 | |
1470 @item | |
1471 Regexp for the unprintable chars: @samp{[^\t\n\r\f -~]} | |
1472 | |
1473 @end itemize | |
1474 | |
1475 To type these special characters in an interactive argument to | |
1476 @code{isearch-forward-regexp} or @code{re-search-forward}, you need to | |
1477 use @kbd{C-q}. (@samp{\t}, @samp{\n}, @samp{\r}, and @samp{\f} stand | |
1478 respectively for @key{TAB}, @key{LFD}, @key{RET}, and @kbd{C-l}.) So, | |
1479 to search for unprintable characters using @code{re-search-forward}: | |
1480 | |
1481 @kbd{M-x re-search-forward @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~] @key{RET}} | |
1482 | |
1483 Using @code{isearch-forward-regexp}: | |
1484 | |
40705 | 1485 @kbd{C-M-s [^ @key{TAB} @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~]} |
25474 | 1486 |
1487 To delete all unprintable characters, simply use replace-regexp: | |
1488 | |
1489 @kbd{M-x replace-regexp @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~] @key{RET} @key{RET}} | |
1490 | |
1491 Replacing is similar to the above. To replace all unprintable | |
1492 characters with a colon, use: | |
1493 | |
1494 M-x replace-regexp @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~] @key{RET} : @key{RET} | |
1495 | |
1496 @itemize @bullet | |
1497 | |
34741
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1498 @item |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1499 You don't need to quote @key{TAB} with either isearch or typing |
25474 | 1500 something in the minibuffer. |
1501 | |
1502 @end itemize | |
1503 | |
1504 @node Highlighting a region, Controlling case sensitivity, Working with unprintable characters, Common requests | |
1505 @section How can I highlight a region of text in Emacs? | |
1506 @cindex Highlighting text | |
1507 @cindex Text, highlighting | |
1508 @cindex @code{transient-mark-mode} | |
1509 @cindex Region, highlighting a | |
1510 | |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
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parents:
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changeset
|
1511 You can cause the region to be highlighted when the mark is active by |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
1512 including |
25474 | 1513 |
1514 @lisp | |
1515 (transient-mark-mode t) | |
1516 @end lisp | |
1517 | |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
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changeset
|
1518 @noindent |
34741
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parents:
34151
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changeset
|
1519 in your @file{.emacs} file. (Also see @ref{Turning on syntax |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1520 highlighting}.) |
25474 | 1521 |
1522 @node Controlling case sensitivity, Wrapping words automatically, Highlighting a region, Common requests | |
1523 @section How do I control Emacs's case-sensitivity when searching/replacing? | |
1524 @cindex @code{case-fold-search} | |
1525 @cindex Case sensitivity of searches | |
1526 @cindex Searching without case sensitivity | |
1527 @cindex Ignoring case in searches | |
1528 | |
1529 For searching, the value of the variable @code{case-fold-search} | |
1530 determines whether they are case sensitive: | |
1531 | |
1532 @lisp | |
1533 (setq case-fold-search nil) ; make searches case sensitive | |
1534 (setq case-fold-search t) ; make searches case insensitive | |
1535 @end lisp | |
1536 | |
34741
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|
1537 @cindex Case sensitivity in replacements |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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|
1538 @cindex Replacing, and case sensitivity |
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changeset
|
1539 @cindex @code{case-replace} |
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|
1540 Similarly, for replacing, the variable @code{case-replace} determines |
25474 | 1541 whether replacements preserve case. |
1542 | |
1543 To change the case sensitivity just for one major mode, use the major | |
1544 mode's hook. For example: | |
1545 | |
1546 @lisp | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1547 (add-hook '@var{foo}-mode-hook |
28344
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1548 (lambda () |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
1549 (setq case-fold-search nil))) |
25474 | 1550 @end lisp |
1551 | |
1552 @node Wrapping words automatically, Spell-checkers, Controlling case sensitivity, Common requests | |
1553 @section How do I make Emacs wrap words for me? | |
1554 @cindex Wrapping word automatically | |
34741
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1555 @cindex Wrapping lines |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1556 @cindex Line wrap |
25474 | 1557 @cindex @code{auto-fill-mode}, introduction to |
1558 @cindex Maximum line width, default value | |
1559 @cindex @code{fill-column}, default value | |
1560 | |
1561 Use @code{auto-fill-mode}, activated by typing @kbd{M-x auto-fill-mode}. | |
1562 The default maximum line width is 70, determined by the variable | |
34741
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1563 @code{fill-column}. To learn how to turn this on automatically, see |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1564 @ref{Turning on auto-fill by default}. |
25474 | 1565 |
1566 @node Spell-checkers, Checking TeX and *roff documents, Wrapping words automatically, Common requests | |
1567 @section Where can I get a better spelling checker for Emacs? | |
1568 @cindex Checking spelling | |
1569 @cindex Spelling, checking text documents | |
1570 | |
1571 Use Ispell. @xref{Ispell}. | |
1572 | |
1573 @node Checking TeX and *roff documents, Changing load-path, Spell-checkers, Common requests | |
1574 @section How can I spell-check @TeX{} or *roff documents? | |
1575 @cindex Spelling, checking @TeX{} documents | |
1576 @cindex @TeX{} documents, checking spelling in | |
1577 | |
1578 Use Ispell. Ispell can handle @TeX{} and *roff documents. | |
1579 @xref{Ispell}. | |
1580 | |
1581 @node Changing load-path, Using an already running Emacs process, Checking TeX and *roff documents, Common requests | |
1582 @section How do I change @code{load-path}? | |
1583 @cindex @code{load-path}, modifying | |
1584 @cindex Modifying @code{load-path} | |
1585 @cindex Adding to @code{load-path} | |
1586 | |
1587 In general, you should only add to the @code{load-path}. You can add | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1588 directory @var{/dir/subdir} to the load path like this: |
25474 | 1589 |
1590 @lisp | |
34741
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1591 (setq load-path (cons "/dir/subdir/" load-path)) |
25474 | 1592 @end lisp |
1593 | |
1594 To do this relative to your home directory: | |
1595 | |
1596 @lisp | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1597 (setq load-path (cons "~/mysubdir/" load-path) |
25474 | 1598 @end lisp |
1599 | |
1600 @node Using an already running Emacs process, Compiler error messages, Changing load-path, Common requests | |
1601 @section How do I use an already running Emacs from another window? | |
1602 @cindex @code{emacsclient} | |
1603 @cindex Emacs server functions | |
1604 @cindex Using an existing Emacs process | |
1605 | |
1606 @code{emacsclient}, which comes with Emacs, is for editing a file using | |
1607 an already running Emacs rather than starting up a new Emacs. It does | |
1608 this by sending a request to the already running Emacs, which must be | |
1609 expecting the request. | |
1610 | |
1611 @itemize @bullet | |
1612 | |
1613 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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|
1614 Setup: |
25474 | 1615 |
1616 Emacs must have executed the @code{server-start} function for | |
1617 @samp{emacsclient} to work. This can be done either by a command line | |
1618 option: | |
1619 | |
1620 @example | |
1621 emacs -f server-start | |
1622 @end example | |
1623 | |
1624 or by invoking @code{server-start} from @file{.emacs}: | |
1625 | |
1626 @lisp | |
34741
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1627 (if (@var{some conditions are met}) (server-start)) |
25474 | 1628 @end lisp |
1629 | |
1630 When this is done, Emacs starts a subprocess running a program called | |
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Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1631 @samp{emacsserver}. @samp{emacsserver} creates a Unix domain socket. |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1632 The socket is either named @file{.emacs_server}, in the user's home directory, |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1633 or @file{esrv-@var{userid}-@var{systemname}}, in the @file{/tmp} |
27113
21f49fa0782b
Add socket name `esrv-USERID-SYSTEMNAME' for emacsserver.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
25874
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changeset
|
1634 directory, depending on how @samp{emacsserver} was compiled. |
25474 | 1635 |
1636 To get your news reader, mail reader, etc., to invoke | |
1637 @samp{emacsclient}, try setting the environment variable @code{EDITOR} | |
1638 (or sometimes @code{VISUAL}) to the value @samp{emacsclient}. You may | |
1639 have to specify the full pathname of the @samp{emacsclient} program | |
1640 instead. Examples: | |
1641 | |
1642 @example | |
1643 # csh commands: | |
1644 setenv EDITOR emacsclient | |
1645 | |
1646 # using full pathname | |
1647 setenv EDITOR /usr/local/emacs/etc/emacsclient | |
1648 | |
1649 # sh command: | |
1650 EDITOR=emacsclient ; export EDITOR | |
1651 @end example | |
1652 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1653 @item |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1654 Normal use: |
25474 | 1655 |
1656 When @samp{emacsclient} is run, it connects to the @file{.emacs_server} | |
1657 socket and passes its command line options to @samp{server}. When | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1658 @samp{server} receives these requests, it sends this information to the |
25474 | 1659 the Emacs process, which at the next opportunity will visit the files |
1660 specified. (Line numbers can be specified just like with Emacs.) The | |
1661 user will have to switch to the Emacs window by hand. When the user is | |
1662 done editing a file, the user can type @kbd{C-x #} (or @kbd{M-x | |
1663 server-edit}) to indicate this. If there is another buffer requested by | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1664 @code{emacsclient}, Emacs will switch to it; otherwise |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1665 @code{emacsclient} will exit, signaling the calling program to continue. |
25474 | 1666 |
1667 @samp{emacsclient} and @samp{server} must be running on machines which | |
1668 share the same filesystem for this to work. The pathnames that | |
1669 @samp{emacsclient} specifies should be correct for the filesystem that | |
1670 the Emacs process sees. The Emacs process should not be suspended at | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1671 the time @samp{emacsclient} is invoked. On Unix and GNU/Linux systems, |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
1672 @samp{emacsclient} should either be invoked from another X window, or |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
1673 from a shell window inside Emacs itself, or from another interactive |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
1674 session, e.g., by means of a @code{screen} program. |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1675 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1676 @cindex @code{gnuserv} |
25474 | 1677 There is an enhanced version of @samp{emacsclient}/server called |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1678 @samp{gnuserv}, written by @email{ange@@hplb.hpl.hp.com, Andy Norman} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1679 which is available in the Emacs Lisp Archive (@pxref{Packages that do |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1680 not come with Emacs}). @samp{gnuserv} uses Internet domain sockets, so |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1681 it can work across most network connections. It also supports the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1682 execution of arbitrary Emacs Lisp forms and does not require the client |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1683 program to wait for completion. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1684 |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1685 The alpha version of an enhanced @samp{gnuserv} is available at |
25474 | 1686 |
1687 @uref{ftp://ftp.wellfleet.com/netman/psmith/emacs/gnuserv-2.1alpha.tar.gz} | |
1688 | |
1689 @end itemize | |
1690 | |
1691 @node Compiler error messages, Indenting switch statements, Using an already running Emacs process, Common requests | |
1692 @section How do I make Emacs recognize my compiler's funny error messages? | |
1693 @cindex Compiler error messages, recognizing | |
1694 @cindex Recognizing non-standard compiler errors | |
1695 @cindex Regexps for recognizing compiler errors | |
1696 @cindex Errors, recognizing compiler | |
1697 | |
1698 The variable @code{compilation-error-regexp-alist} helps control how | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1699 Emacs parses your compiler output. It is a list of triplets of the form: |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1700 @code{(@var{regexp} @var{file-idx} @var{line-idx})}, where @var{regexp}, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1701 @var{file-idx} and @var{line-idx} are strings. To help determine what |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1702 the constituent elements should be, load @file{compile.el} and then type |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1703 @kbd{C-h v compilation-error-regexp-alist @key{RET}} to see the current |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1704 value. A good idea is to look at @file{compile.el} itself as the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1705 comments included for this variable are quite useful---the regular |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1706 expressions required for your compiler's output may be very close to one |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1707 already provided. Once you have determined the proper regexps, use the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1708 following to inform Emacs of your changes: |
25474 | 1709 |
1710 @lisp | |
1711 (setq compilation-error-regexp-alist | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1712 (cons '(@var{regexp} @var{file-idx} @var{line-idx}) |
25474 | 1713 compilation-error-regexp-alist)) |
1714 @end lisp | |
1715 | |
36977
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(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1716 @node Indenting switch statements, Customizing C and C++ indentation, Compiler error messages, Common requests |
25474 | 1717 @section How do I change the indentation for @code{switch}? |
1718 @cindex @code{switch}, indenting | |
1719 @cindex Indenting of @code{switch} | |
1720 | |
1721 Many people want to indent their @code{switch} statements like this: | |
1722 | |
1723 @example | |
1724 f() | |
1725 @{ | |
1726 switch(x) @{ | |
1727 case A: | |
1728 x1; | |
1729 break; | |
1730 case B: | |
1731 x2; | |
1732 break; | |
1733 default: | |
1734 x3; | |
1735 @} | |
1736 @} | |
1737 @end example | |
1738 | |
1739 The solution at first appears to be: set @code{c-indent-level} to 4 and | |
1740 @code{c-label-offset} to -2. However, this will give you an indentation | |
1741 spacing of four instead of two. | |
1742 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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parents:
34151
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changeset
|
1743 The @emph{real} solution is to use @code{cc-mode} (the default mode for |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1744 C programming in Emacs 20 and later) and add the following line to yoyr |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1745 @file{.emacs}: |
25474 | 1746 |
1747 @lisp | |
1748 (c-set-offset 'case-label '+) | |
1749 @end lisp | |
1750 | |
1751 There appears to be no way to do this with the old @code{c-mode}. | |
1752 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1753 @node Customizing C and C++ indentation, Horizontal scrolling, Indenting switch statements, Common requests |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1754 @section How to customize indentation in C, C@t{++}, and Java buffers? |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1755 @cindex Indentation, how to customize |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1756 @cindex Customize indentation |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1757 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1758 The Emacs @code{cc-mode} features an interactive procedure for |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1759 customizing the indentation style, which is fully explained in the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1760 @cite{CC Mode} manual that is part of the Emacs distribution, see |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1761 @ref{Customizing Indentation, , Customization Indentation, ccmode, |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1762 The CC Mode Manual}. Here's a short summary of the procedure: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1763 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1764 @enumerate |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1765 @item |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1766 Go to the beginning of the first line where you don't like the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1767 indentation and type @kbd{C-c C-o}. Emacs will prompt you for the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1768 syntactic symbol; type @key{RET} to accept the default it suggests. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1769 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1770 @item |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1771 Emacs now prompts for the offset of this syntactic symbol, showing the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1772 default (the current definition) inside parentheses. You can choose |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1773 one of these: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1774 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1775 @table @code |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1776 @item 0 |
cd1988377f17
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1777 No extra indentation. |
cd1988377f17
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|
1778 @item + |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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|
1779 Indent one basic offset. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1780 @item - |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1781 Outdent one basic offset. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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|
1782 @item ++ |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1783 Indent two basic offsets |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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|
1784 @item -- |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1785 Outdent two basic offsets. |
cd1988377f17
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1786 @item * |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1787 Indent half basic offset. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1788 @item / |
37079
dc7cb733ffc7
Fix a typo in the last change.
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1789 Outdent half basic offset. |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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|
1790 @end table |
cd1988377f17
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1791 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1792 @item |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
36842
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|
1793 After choosing one of these symbols, type @kbd{C-c C-q} to reindent |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1794 the line or the block according to what you just specified. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1795 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1796 @item |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1797 If you don't like the result, go back to step 1. Otherwise, add the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
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|
1798 following line to your @file{.emacs}: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1799 |
cd1988377f17
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1800 @lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
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|
1801 (c-set-offset '@var{syntactic-symbol} @var{offset}) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1802 @end lisp |
cd1988377f17
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1803 |
cd1988377f17
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1804 @noindent |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
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|
1805 where @var{syntactic-symbol} is the name Emacs shows in the minibuffer |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
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|
1806 when you type @kbd{C-c C-o} at the beginning of the line, and |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
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|
1807 @var{offset} is one of the indentation symbols listed above (@code{+}, |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1808 @code{/}, @code{0}, etc.) that you've chosen during the interactive |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
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|
1809 procedure. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1810 |
cd1988377f17
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1811 @item |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1812 Go to the next line whose indentation is not to your liking and repeat |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1813 the process there. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1814 @end enumerate |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1815 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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|
1816 It is recommended to put all the resulting @code{(c-set-offset ...)} |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1817 customizations inside a C mode hook, like this: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1818 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1819 @lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1820 (defun my-c-mode-hook () |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1821 (c-set-offset ...) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
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|
1822 (c-set-offset ...)) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
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|
1823 (add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'my-c-mode-hook) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1824 @end lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1825 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1826 @noindent |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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|
1827 Using @code{c-mode-hook} avoids the need to put a @w{@code{(require |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1828 'cc-mode)}} into your @file{.emacs} file, because @code{c-set-offset} |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1829 might be unavailable when @code{cc-mode} is not loaded. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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|
1830 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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|
1831 Note that @code{c-mode-hook} runs for C source files only; use |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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|
1832 @code{c++-mode-hook} for C@t{++} sources, @code{java-mode-hook} for |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1833 Java sources, etc. If you want the same customizations to be in |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
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|
1834 effect in @emph{all} languages supported by @code{cc-mode}, use |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
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|
1835 @code{c-mode-common-hook}. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1836 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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|
1837 @node Horizontal scrolling, Overwrite mode, Customizing C and C++ indentation, Common requests |
25474 | 1838 @section How can I make Emacs automatically scroll horizontally? |
1839 @cindex @code{hscroll-mode} | |
1840 @cindex Horizontal scrolling | |
1841 @cindex Scrolling horizontally | |
1842 | |
34741
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1843 In Emacs 21 and later, this is on by default: if the variable |
13240ff7920b
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1844 @code{truncate-lines} is non-@code{nil} in the current buffer, Emacs |
13240ff7920b
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|
1845 automatically scrolls the display horizontally when point moves off the |
13240ff7920b
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|
1846 left or right edge of the window. |
13240ff7920b
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|
1847 |
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|
1848 In Emacs 20, use the @code{hscroll-mode}. Here is some information from |
25474 | 1849 the documentation, available by typing @kbd{C-h f hscroll-mode @key{RET}}: |
1850 | |
1851 Automatically scroll horizontally when the point moves off the | |
1852 left or right edge of the window. | |
1853 | |
1854 @itemize @minus | |
34741
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|
1855 @item |
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|
1856 Type @kbd{M-x hscroll-mode} to enable it in the current buffer. |
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|
1857 |
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|
1858 @item |
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|
1859 Type @kbd{M-x hscroll-global-mode} to enable it in every buffer. |
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|
1860 |
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|
1861 @item |
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|
1862 @code{turn-on-hscroll} is useful in mode hooks as in: |
25474 | 1863 |
1864 @lisp | |
1865 (add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-hscroll) | |
1866 @end lisp | |
1867 | |
34741
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|
1868 @item |
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|
1869 @code{hscroll-margin} controls how close the cursor can get to the |
25474 | 1870 edge of the window. |
1871 | |
34741
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|
1872 @item |
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1873 @code{hscroll-step-percent} controls how far to jump once we decide to do so. |
25474 | 1874 @end itemize |
1875 | |
1876 @node Overwrite mode, Turning off beeping, Horizontal scrolling, Common requests | |
1877 @section How do I make Emacs "typeover" or "overwrite" instead of inserting? | |
1878 @cindex @key{Insert} | |
1879 @cindex @code{overwrite-mode} | |
1880 @cindex Overwriting existing text | |
1881 @cindex Toggling @code{overwrite-mode} | |
1882 | |
1883 @kbd{M-x overwrite-mode} (a minor mode). This toggles | |
1884 @code{overwrite-mode} on and off, so exiting from @code{overwrite-mode} | |
1885 is as easy as another @kbd{M-x overwrite-mode}. | |
1886 | |
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1887 On some systems, @key{Insert} toggles @code{overwrite-mode} on and off. |
25474 | 1888 |
1889 @node Turning off beeping, Turning the volume down, Overwrite mode, Common requests | |
1890 @section How do I stop Emacs from beeping on a terminal? | |
1891 @cindex Beeping, turning off | |
1892 @cindex Visible bell | |
1893 @cindex Bell, visible | |
1894 | |
1895 @email{martin@@cc.gatech.edu, Martin R. Frank} writes: | |
1896 | |
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1897 Tell Emacs to use the @dfn{visible bell} instead of the audible bell, |
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1898 and set the visible bell to nothing. |
25474 | 1899 |
1900 That is, put the following in your @code{TERMCAP} environment variable | |
1901 (assuming you have one): | |
1902 | |
1903 @example | |
1904 ... :vb=: ... | |
1905 @end example | |
1906 | |
1907 And evaluate the following Lisp form: | |
1908 | |
1909 @example | |
1910 (setq visible-bell t) | |
1911 @end example | |
1912 | |
1913 @node Turning the volume down, Automatic indentation, Turning off beeping, Common requests | |
35188
94d46968a93f
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1914 @section How do I turn down the bell volume in Emacs running under X? |
25474 | 1915 @cindex Bell, volume of |
1916 @cindex Volume of bell | |
1917 | |
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1918 On X Window system, you can adjust the bell volume and duration for all |
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1919 programs with the shell command @code{xset}. |
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1920 |
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1921 Invoking @code{xset} without any arguments produces some basic |
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|
1922 information, including the following: |
25474 | 1923 |
1924 @example | |
1925 usage: xset [-display host:dpy] option ... | |
1926 To turn bell off: | |
1927 -b b off b 0 | |
1928 To set bell volume, pitch and duration: | |
1929 b [vol [pitch [dur]]] b on | |
1930 @end example | |
1931 | |
1932 @node Automatic indentation, Matching parentheses, Turning the volume down, Common requests | |
1933 @section How do I tell Emacs to automatically indent a new line to the indentation of the previous line? | |
1934 @cindex Indenting new lines | |
1935 @cindex New lines, indenting of | |
1936 @cindex Previous line, indenting according to | |
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1937 @cindex Text indentation |
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|
1938 |
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1939 Such behavior is automatic in Emacs 20 and later. From the |
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1940 @file{etc/NEWS} file for Emacs 20.2: |
25474 | 1941 |
1942 @example | |
1943 ** In Text mode, now only blank lines separate paragraphs. This makes | |
1944 it possible to get the full benefit of Adaptive Fill mode in Text mode, | |
1945 and other modes derived from it (such as Mail mode). @key{TAB} in Text | |
1946 mode now runs the command @code{indent-relative}; this makes a practical | |
1947 difference only when you use indented paragraphs. | |
1948 | |
1949 As a result, the old Indented Text mode is now identical to Text mode, | |
1950 and is an alias for it. | |
1951 | |
1952 If you want spaces at the beginning of a line to start a paragraph, use | |
1953 the new mode, Paragraph Indent Text mode. | |
1954 @end example | |
1955 | |
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1956 @cindex Prefixing lines |
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1957 @cindex Fill prefix |
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1958 If you have @code{auto-fill-mode} turned on (@pxref{Turning on auto-fill |
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1959 by default}), you can tell Emacs to prefix every line with a certain |
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|
1960 character sequence, the @dfn{fill prefix}. Type the prefix at the |
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1961 beginning of a line, position point after it, and then type @kbd{C-x .} |
25474 | 1962 (@code{set-fill-prefix}) to set the fill prefix. Thereafter, |
1963 auto-filling will automatically put the fill prefix at the beginning of | |
1964 new lines, and @kbd{M-q} (@code{fill-paragraph}) will maintain any fill | |
1965 prefix when refilling the paragraph. | |
1966 | |
1967 If you have paragraphs with different levels of indentation, you will | |
1968 have to set the fill prefix to the correct value each time you move to a | |
1969 new paragraph. To avoid this hassle, try one of the many packages | |
1970 available from the Emacs Lisp Archive (@pxref{Packages that do not come | |
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1971 with Emacs}.) Look up ``fill'' and ``indent'' in the Lisp Code |
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1972 Directory for guidance. |
25474 | 1973 |
1974 @node Matching parentheses, Hiding #ifdef lines, Automatic indentation, Common requests | |
1975 @section How do I show which parenthesis matches the one I'm looking at? | |
1976 @cindex Parentheses, matching | |
1977 @cindex @file{paren.el} | |
1978 @cindex Highlighting matching parentheses | |
1979 @cindex Pairs of parentheses, highlighting | |
1980 @cindex Matching parentheses | |
1981 | |
1982 As of version 19, Emacs comes with @file{paren.el}, which (when loaded) | |
1983 will automatically highlight matching parentheses whenever point (i.e., | |
1984 the cursor) is located over one. To load @file{paren.el} automatically, | |
1985 include the line | |
1986 | |
1987 @lisp | |
1988 (require 'paren) | |
1989 @end lisp | |
1990 | |
1991 in your @file{.emacs} file. @email{shutkoa@@ugsolutions.com, Alan Shutko} | |
1992 reports that as of version 20.1, you must also call @code{show-paren-mode} in | |
1993 your @file{.emacs} file: | |
1994 | |
1995 @lisp | |
1996 (show-paren-mode 1) | |
1997 @end lisp | |
1998 | |
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1999 Customize will let you turn on @code{show-paren-mode}. Use @kbd{M-x |
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2000 customize-group @key{RET} paren-showing @key{RET}}. From within |
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2001 Customize, you can also go directly to the ``paren-showing'' group. |
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|
2002 |
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2003 Alternatives to paren include: |
25474 | 2004 |
2005 @itemize @bullet | |
2006 | |
2007 @item | |
2008 If you're looking at a right parenthesis (or brace or bracket) you can | |
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|
2009 delete it and reinsert it. Emacs will momentarily move the cursor to |
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|
2010 the matching parenthesis. |
25474 | 2011 |
2012 @item | |
40705 | 2013 @kbd{C-M-f} (@code{forward-sexp}) and @kbd{C-M-b} (@code{backward-sexp}) |
25474 | 2014 will skip over one set of balanced parentheses, so you can see which |
2015 parentheses match. (You can train it to skip over balanced brackets | |
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|
2016 and braces at the same time by modifying the syntax table.) |
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|
2017 |
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|
2018 @cindex Show matching paren as in @code{vi} |
25474 | 2019 @item |
2020 Here is some Emacs Lisp that will make the @key{%} key show the matching | |
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2021 parenthesis, like in @code{vi}. In addition, if the cursor isn't over a |
25474 | 2022 parenthesis, it simply inserts a % like normal. |
2023 | |
2024 @lisp | |
2025 ;; By an unknown contributor | |
2026 | |
2027 (global-set-key "%" 'match-paren) | |
2028 | |
2029 (defun match-paren (arg) | |
2030 "Go to the matching paren if on a paren; otherwise insert %." | |
2031 (interactive "p") | |
2032 (cond ((looking-at "\\s\(") (forward-list 1) (backward-char 1)) | |
2033 ((looking-at "\\s\)") (forward-char 1) (backward-list 1)) | |
2034 (t (self-insert-command (or arg 1))))) | |
2035 @end lisp | |
2036 | |
2037 @end itemize | |
2038 | |
2039 @node Hiding #ifdef lines, Repeating commands, Matching parentheses, Common requests | |
2040 @section In C mode, can I show just the lines that will be left after @code{#ifdef} commands are handled by the compiler? | |
2041 @cindex @code{#ifdef}, selective display of | |
2042 @cindex @code{hide-ifdef-mode} | |
2043 @cindex Hiding @code{#ifdef} text | |
2044 @cindex Selectively displaying @code{#ifdef} code | |
2045 | |
2046 @kbd{M-x hide-ifdef-mode}. (This is a minor mode.) You might also want | |
2047 to try @file{cpp.el}, available at the Emacs Lisp Archive | |
2048 (@pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}). | |
2049 | |
2050 @node Repeating commands, Valid X resources, Hiding #ifdef lines, Common requests | |
2051 @section Is there an equivalent to the @code{.} (dot) command of vi? | |
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2052 @cindex Repeating commands as with @code{vi} |
25474 | 2053 @cindex Command, repeat last |
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2054 @cindex @code{.}, equivalent to @code{vi} command |
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|
2055 |
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|
2056 (@code{.} is the redo command in @code{vi}. It redoes the last |
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|
2057 insertion/deletion.) |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2058 |
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|
2059 As of Emacs 20.3, there is indeed a @code{repeat} command (@kbd{C-x z}) |
25474 | 2060 that repeats the last command. If you preface it with a prefix |
2061 argument, the prefix arg is applied to the command. | |
2062 | |
2063 You can also type @kbd{C-x @key{ESC} @key{ESC}} | |
2064 (@code{repeat-complex-command}) to reinvoke commands that used the | |
2065 minibuffer to get arguments. In @code{repeat-complex-command} you can | |
34741
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2066 type @kbd{M-p} and @kbd{M-n} (and also up-arrow and down-arrow, if your |
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|
2067 keyboard has these keys) to scan through all the different complex |
25474 | 2068 commands you've typed. |
2069 | |
2070 To repeat a set of commands, use keyboard macros. (@inforef{Keyboard | |
2071 Macros, Keyboard Macros, emacs}.) | |
2072 | |
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2073 If you're really desperate for the @code{.} command, use VIPER, a |
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2074 @code{vi} emulation mode which comes with Emacs, and which appears to |
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2075 support it. (@xref{VIPER}.) |
25474 | 2076 |
2077 @node Valid X resources, Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Repeating commands, Common requests | |
2078 @section What are the valid X resource settings (i.e., stuff in .Xdefaults)? | |
2079 @cindex Resources, X | |
2080 @cindex X resources | |
2081 @cindex Setting X resources | |
2082 | |
2083 @inforef{Resources X, Resources X, emacs}. | |
2084 | |
2085 You can also use a resource editor, such as editres (for X11R5 and | |
2086 onwards), to look at the resource names for the menu bar, assuming Emacs | |
2087 was compiled with the X toolkit. | |
2088 | |
2089 @node Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Changing the length of a Tab, Valid X resources, Common requests | |
2090 @section How do I execute ("evaluate") a piece of Emacs Lisp code? | |
2091 @cindex Evaluating Lisp code | |
2092 @cindex Lisp forms, evaluating | |
2093 | |
34741
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2094 There are a number of ways to execute (@dfn{evaluate}, in Lisp lingo) an |
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2095 Emacs Lisp @dfn{form}: |
25474 | 2096 |
2097 @itemize @bullet | |
2098 | |
2099 @item | |
2100 If you want it evaluated every time you run Emacs, put it in a file | |
34741
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2101 named @file{.emacs} in your home directory. This is known as ``your |
13240ff7920b
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|
2102 @file{.emacs} file,'' and contains all of your personal customizations. |
25474 | 2103 |
2104 @item | |
2105 You can type the form in the @file{*scratch*} buffer, and then type | |
2106 @key{LFD} (or @kbd{C-j}) after it. The result of evaluating the form | |
2107 will be inserted in the buffer. | |
2108 | |
2109 @item | |
40705 | 2110 In @code{emacs-lisp-mode}, typing @kbd{C-M-x} evaluates a top-level form |
25474 | 2111 before or around point. |
2112 | |
2113 @item | |
2114 Typing @kbd{C-x C-e} in any buffer evaluates the Lisp form immediately | |
2115 before point and prints its value in the echo area. | |
2116 | |
2117 @item | |
2118 Typing @kbd{M-:} or @kbd{M-x eval-expression} allows you to type a Lisp | |
34741
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2119 form in the minibuffer which will be evaluated once you press @key{RET}. |
25474 | 2120 |
2121 @item | |
2122 You can use @kbd{M-x load-file} to have Emacs evaluate all the Lisp | |
2123 forms in a file. (To do this from Lisp use the function @code{load} | |
2124 instead.) | |
2125 | |
2126 The functions @code{load-library}, @code{eval-region}, | |
2127 @code{eval-current-buffer}, @code{require}, and @code{autoload} are also | |
34741
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2128 useful; see @ref{Emacs Lisp documentation}, if you want to learn more |
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|
2129 about them. |
25474 | 2130 |
2131 @end itemize | |
2132 | |
2133 @node Changing the length of a Tab, Inserting > at the beginning of each line, Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Common requests | |
2134 @section How do I change Emacs's idea of the @key{TAB} character's length? | |
2135 @cindex Tab length | |
2136 @cindex Length of tab character | |
2137 @cindex @code{default-tab-width} | |
2138 | |
2139 Set the variable @code{default-tab-width}. For example, to set | |
2140 @key{TAB} stops every 10 characters, insert the following in your | |
2141 @file{.emacs} file: | |
2142 | |
2143 @lisp | |
2144 (setq default-tab-width 10) | |
2145 @end lisp | |
2146 | |
2147 Do not confuse variable @code{tab-width} with variable | |
2148 @code{tab-stop-list}. The former is used for the display of literal | |
2149 @key{TAB} characters. The latter controls what characters are inserted | |
2150 when you press the @key{TAB} character in certain modes. | |
2151 | |
2152 @node Inserting > at the beginning of each line, Underlining paragraphs, Changing the length of a Tab, Common requests | |
2153 @section How do I insert @samp{>} at the beginning of every line? | |
2154 @cindex Prefix character, inserting in mail/news replies | |
2155 @cindex Replies to mail/news, inserting a prefix character | |
2156 @cindex @code{mail-yank-prefix} | |
2157 @cindex Mail replies, inserting a prefix character | |
2158 @cindex News replies, inserting a prefix character | |
2159 | |
2160 To do this to an entire buffer, type @kbd{M-< M-x replace-regexp | |
2161 @key{RET} ^ @key{RET} > @key{RET}}. | |
2162 | |
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Adapt to the change of string-rectangle back to 20.x behaviour.
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2163 To do this to a region, use @code{string-insert-rectangle}. |
25474 | 2164 Set the mark (@kbd{C-@key{SPC}}) at the beginning of the first line you |
2165 want to prefix, move the cursor to last line to be prefixed, and type | |
37447
0bc52782144f
Adapt to the change of string-rectangle back to 20.x behaviour.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2166 @kbd{M-x string-insert-rectangle @key{RET}}. To do this for the whole |
0bc52782144f
Adapt to the change of string-rectangle back to 20.x behaviour.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2167 buffer, type @kbd{C-x h M-x string-insert-rectangle @key{RET}}. |
25474 | 2168 |
2169 If you are trying to prefix a yanked mail message with @samp{>}, you | |
34741
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|
2170 might want to set the variable @code{mail-yank-prefix}. Better yet, use |
25474 | 2171 the Supercite package (@pxref{Supercite}), which provides flexible |
34741
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2172 citation for yanked mail and news messages; it is included in Emacs |
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2173 since version 19.20. @xref{Changing the included text prefix}, for |
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|
2174 additional information. |
25474 | 2175 |
2176 @node Underlining paragraphs, Repeating a command as many times as possible, Inserting > at the beginning of each line, Common requests | |
2177 @section How do I insert "_^H" before each character in a region to get an underlined paragraph? | |
2178 @cindex Underlining a region of text | |
2179 @cindex @code{underline-region} | |
2180 | |
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2181 Mark the region and then type @kbd{M-x underline-region @key{RET}}. |
25474 | 2182 |
2183 @node Repeating a command as many times as possible, Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Underlining paragraphs, Common requests | |
2184 @section How do I repeat a command as many times as possible? | |
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2185 @cindex Repeating commands many times |
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2186 @cindex Commands, repeating many times |
25474 | 2187 |
2188 Use @kbd{C-x (} and @kbd{C-x )} to make a keyboard macro that invokes | |
2189 the command and then type @kbd{M-0 C-x e}. | |
2190 | |
2191 Any messages your command prints in the echo area will be suppressed. | |
2192 | |
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2193 If you need to repeat a command a small number of times, you can use |
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2194 @kbd{C-x z}, see @ref{Repeating commands}. |
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2195 |
25474 | 2196 @node Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Repeating a command as many times as possible, Common requests |
2197 @section How do I make Emacs behave like this: when I go up or down, the cursor should stay in the same column even if the line is too short? | |
2198 @cindex @code{picture-mode} | |
2199 @cindex Remaining in the same column, regardless of contents | |
2200 @cindex Vertical movement in empty documents | |
2201 | |
2202 @kbd{M-x picture-mode}. | |
2203 | |
2204 @node Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Using regular expressions, Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Common requests | |
2205 @section How do I tell Emacs to iconify itself? | |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
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2206 @cindex Iconification under the X Window System |
94d46968a93f
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2207 @cindex X Window System and iconification |
25474 | 2208 @cindex Suspending Emacs |
2209 | |
35188
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|
2210 @kbd{C-z} iconifies Emacs when running under X and suspends Emacs |
25474 | 2211 otherwise. @inforef{Misc X, Misc X, emacs}. |
2212 | |
2213 @node Using regular expressions, Replacing text across multiple files, Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Common requests | |
2214 @section How do I use regexps (regular expressions) in Emacs? | |
2215 @cindex Regexps | |
2216 @cindex Regular expressions | |
2217 @cindex Differences between Unix and Emacs regexps | |
2218 @cindex Unix regeps, differences from Emacs | |
2219 @cindex Text strings, putting regexps in | |
2220 | |
2221 @inforef{Regexps, Regexps, emacs}. | |
2222 | |
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2223 The @code{or} operator is @samp{\|}, not @samp{|}, and the grouping operators |
25474 | 2224 are @samp{\(} and @samp{\)}. Also, the string syntax for a backslash is |
2225 @samp{\\}. To specify a regular expression like @samp{xxx\(foo\|bar\)} | |
2226 in a Lisp string, use @samp{xxx\\(foo\\|bar\\)}. | |
2227 | |
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2228 Note the doubled backslashes! |
25474 | 2229 |
2230 @itemize @bullet | |
2231 | |
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|
2232 @item |
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2233 Unlike in Unix @file{grep}, @file{sed}, etc., a complement character set |
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2234 (@samp{[^...]}) can match a newline character (@key{LFD} a.k.a.@: |
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2235 @kbd{C-j} a.k.a.@: @samp{\n}), unless newline is mentioned as one of the |
25474 | 2236 characters not to match. |
2237 | |
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|
2238 @item |
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|
2239 The character syntax regexps (e.g., @samp{\sw}) are not |
25474 | 2240 meaningful inside character set regexps (e.g., @samp{[aeiou]}). (This |
2241 is actually typical for regexp syntax.) | |
2242 | |
2243 @end itemize | |
2244 | |
2245 @node Replacing text across multiple files, Documentation for etags, Using regular expressions, Common requests | |
2246 @section How do I perform a replace operation across more than one file? | |
2247 @cindex Replacing strings across files | |
2248 @cindex Multiple files, replacing across | |
2249 @cindex Files, replacing strings across multiple | |
2250 | |
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2251 The ``tags'' feature of Emacs includes the command |
25474 | 2252 @code{tags-query-replace} which performs a query-replace across all the |
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|
2253 files mentioned in the @file{TAGS} file. @inforef{Tags Search, Tags Search, |
25474 | 2254 emacs}. |
2255 | |
2256 As of Emacs 19.29, Dired mode (@kbd{M-x dired @key{RET}}, or @kbd{C-x | |
2257 d}) supports the command @code{dired-do-query-replace}, which allows | |
2258 users to replace regular expressions in multiple files. | |
2259 | |
2260 @node Documentation for etags, Disabling backups, Replacing text across multiple files, Common requests | |
34741
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2261 @section Where is the documentation for @code{etags}? |
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|
2262 @cindex Documentation for @code{etags} |
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|
2263 @cindex @code{etags}, documentation for |
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|
2264 |
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|
2265 The @code{etags} man page should be in the same place as the |
13240ff7920b
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|
2266 @code{emacs} man page. |
25474 | 2267 |
2268 Quick command-line switch descriptions are also available. For example, | |
2269 @samp{etags -H}. | |
2270 | |
2271 @node Disabling backups, Disabling auto-save-mode, Documentation for etags, Common requests | |
2272 @section How do I disable backup files? | |
2273 @cindex Backups, disabling | |
2274 @cindex Disabling backups | |
2275 | |
34741
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2276 You probably don't want to do this, since backups are useful, especially |
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|
2277 when something goes wrong. |
25474 | 2278 |
2279 To avoid seeing backup files (and other "uninteresting" files) in Dired, | |
34741
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|
2280 load @code{dired-x} by adding the following to your @file{.emacs} file: |
25474 | 2281 |
2282 @lisp | |
2283 (add-hook 'dired-load-hook | |
28344
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Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
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2284 (lambda () |
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Weed out redundant uses of `function'
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2285 (load "dired-x"))) |
25474 | 2286 @end lisp |
2287 | |
34741
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2288 With @code{dired-x} loaded, @kbd{M-o} toggles omitting in each dired buffer. |
25474 | 2289 You can make omitting the default for new dired buffers by putting the |
2290 following in your @file{.emacs}: | |
2291 | |
2292 @lisp | |
30692
b2cc8b3e837e
(Disabling backups): Replace reference to
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
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2293 (add-hook 'dired-mode-hook 'dired-omit-toggle) |
25474 | 2294 @end lisp |
2295 | |
34741
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2296 If you're tired of seeing backup files whenever you do an @samp{ls} at |
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2297 the Unix shell, try GNU @code{ls} with the @samp{-B} option. GNU |
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2298 @code{ls} is part of the GNU Fileutils package, available from |
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|
2299 @samp{ftp.gnu.org} and its mirrors (@pxref{Current GNU distributions}). |
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|
2300 |
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|
2301 To disable or change the way backups are made, @inforef{Backup Names, , |
13240ff7920b
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|
2302 emacs}. |
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|
2303 |
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|
2304 @cindex Backup files in a single directory |
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2305 Beginning with Emacs 21.1, you can control where Emacs puts backup files |
13240ff7920b
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2306 by customizing the variable @code{backup-directory-alist}. This |
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|
2307 variable's value specifies that files whose names match specific patters |
13240ff7920b
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|
2308 should have their backups put in certain directories. A typical use is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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|
2309 to add the element @code{("." . @var{dir})} to force Emacs to put |
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|
2310 @strong{all} backup files in the directory @file{dir}. |
25474 | 2311 |
36301
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|
2312 @node Disabling auto-save-mode, Going to a line by number, Disabling backups, Common requests |
25474 | 2313 @section How do I disable @code{auto-save-mode}? |
2314 @cindex Disabling @code{auto-save-mode} | |
2315 @cindex Auto-saving | |
2316 @cindex Saving at frequent intervals | |
2317 | |
2318 You probably don't want to do this, since auto-saving is useful, | |
2319 especially when Emacs or your computer crashes while you are editing a | |
2320 document. | |
2321 | |
2322 Instead, you might want to change the variable | |
2323 @code{auto-save-interval}, which specifies how many keystrokes Emacs | |
2324 waits before auto-saving. Increasing this value forces Emacs to wait | |
2325 longer between auto-saves, which might annoy you less. | |
2326 | |
2327 You might also want to look into Sebastian Kremer's @code{auto-save} | |
2328 package, available from the Lisp Code Archive (@pxref{Packages that do not come | |
2329 with Emacs}). This | |
2330 package also allows you to place all auto-save files in one directory, | |
2331 such as @file{/tmp}. | |
2332 | |
34741
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|
2333 To disable or change how @code{auto-save-mode} works, @inforef{Auto |
13240ff7920b
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|
2334 Save, , emacs}. |
25474 | 2335 |
36301
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|
2336 @node Going to a line by number, Modifying pull-down menus, Disabling auto-save-mode, Common requests |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
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|
2337 @section How can I go to a certain line given its number? |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
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parents:
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|
2338 @cindex Going to a line by number |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
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|
2339 @cindex Compilation error messages |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2340 @cindex Recompilation |
3c4384777d5a
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|
2341 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2342 Are you sure you indeed need to go to a line by its number? Perhaps all |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2343 you want is to display a line in your source file for which a compiler |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2344 printed an error message? If so, compiling from within Emacs using the |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2345 @kbd{M-x compile} and @kbd{M-x recompile} commands is a much more |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2346 effective way of doing that. Emacs automatically intercepts the compile |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2347 error messages, inserts them into a special buffer called |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2348 @code{*compilation*}, and lets you visit the locus of each message in |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2349 the source. Type @kbd{C-x `} to step through the offending lines one by |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2350 one. Click @kbd{Mouse-2} or press @key{RET} on a message text in the |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2351 @code{*compilation*} buffer to go to the line whose number is mentioned |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2352 in that message. |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2353 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2354 But if you indeed need to go to a certain text line, type @kbd{M-x |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2355 goto-line @key{RET}}. Emacs will prompt you for the number of the line |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2356 and go to that line. |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2357 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2358 You can do this faster by invoking @code{goto-line} with a numeric |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2359 argument that is the line's number. For example, @kbd{C-u 286 M-x |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2360 goto-line @key{RET}} will jump to line number 286 in the current |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2361 buffer. |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2362 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2363 If you need to use this command frequently, you might consider binding |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2364 it to a key. The following snippet, if added to your @file{~/.emacs} |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2365 file, will bind the sequence @kbd{C-x g} to @code{goto-line}: |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2366 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2367 @lisp |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2368 (global-set-key "\C-xg" 'goto-line) |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2369 @end lisp |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2370 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
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|
2371 |
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(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
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|
2372 @node Modifying pull-down menus, Deleting menus and menu options, Going to a line by number, Common requests |
25474 | 2373 @section How can I create or modify new pull-down menu options? |
2374 @cindex Pull-down menus, creating or modifying | |
2375 @cindex Menus, creating or modifying | |
2376 @cindex Creating new menu options | |
2377 @cindex Modifying pull-down menus | |
2378 @cindex Menus and keymaps | |
2379 @cindex Keymaps and menus | |
2380 | |
34741
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|
2381 Each menu title (e.g., @samp{File}, @samp{Edit}, @samp{Buffers}) |
13240ff7920b
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2382 represents a local or global keymap. Selecting a menu title with the |
13240ff7920b
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|
2383 mouse displays that keymap's non-nil contents in the form of a menu. |
25474 | 2384 |
2385 So to add a menu option to an existing menu, all you have to do is add a | |
34741
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|
2386 new definition to the appropriate keymap. Adding a @samp{Forward Word} |
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|
2387 item to the @samp{Edit} menu thus requires the following Lisp code: |
25474 | 2388 |
2389 @lisp | |
2390 (define-key global-map | |
2391 [menu-bar edit forward] | |
2392 '("Forward word" . forward-word)) | |
2393 @end lisp | |
2394 | |
34741
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|
2395 @noindent |
25474 | 2396 The first line adds the entry to the global keymap, which includes |
2397 global menu bar entries. Replacing the reference to @code{global-map} | |
2398 with a local keymap would add this menu option only within a particular | |
2399 mode. | |
2400 | |
2401 The second line describes the path from the menu-bar to the new entry. | |
34741
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|
2402 Placing this menu entry underneath the @samp{File} menu would mean |
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|
2403 changing the word @code{edit} in the second line to @code{file}. |
25474 | 2404 |
2405 The third line is a cons cell whose first element is the title that will | |
2406 be displayed, and whose second element is the function that will be | |
2407 called when that menu option is invoked. | |
2408 | |
2409 To add a new menu, rather than a new option to an existing menu, we must | |
2410 define an entirely new keymap: | |
2411 | |
2412 @lisp | |
2413 (define-key global-map [menu-bar words] | |
2414 (cons "Words" (make-sparse-keymap "Words"))) | |
2415 @end lisp | |
2416 | |
34741
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|
2417 The above code creates a new sparse keymap, gives it the name |
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2418 @samp{Words}, and attaches it to the global menu bar. Adding the |
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|
2419 @samp{Forward Word} item to this new menu would thus require the |
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|
2420 following code: |
25474 | 2421 |
2422 @lisp | |
2423 (define-key global-map | |
2424 [menu-bar words forward] | |
2425 '("Forward word" . forward-word)) | |
2426 @end lisp | |
2427 | |
34741
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|
2428 @noindent |
25474 | 2429 Note that because of the way keymaps work, menu options are displayed |
2430 with the more recently defined items at the top. Thus if you were to | |
34741
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2431 define menu options @samp{foo}, @samp{bar}, and @samp{baz} (in that |
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2432 order), the menu option @samp{baz} would appear at the top, and |
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|
2433 @samp{foo} would be at the bottom. |
25474 | 2434 |
2435 One way to avoid this problem is to use the function @code{define-key-after}, | |
2436 which works the same as @code{define-key}, but lets you modify where items | |
34741
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|
2437 appear. The following Lisp code would insert the @samp{Forward Word} |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2438 item in the @samp{Edit} menu immediately following the @samp{Undo} item: |
25474 | 2439 |
2440 @lisp | |
2441 (define-key-after | |
2442 (lookup-key global-map [menu-bar edit]) | |
2443 [forward] | |
2444 '("Forward word" . forward-word) | |
2445 'undo) | |
2446 @end lisp | |
2447 | |
2448 Note how the second and third arguments to @code{define-key-after} are | |
2449 different from those of @code{define-key}, and that we have added a new | |
2450 (final) argument, the function after which our new key should be | |
2451 defined. | |
2452 | |
2453 To move a menu option from one position to another, simply evaluate | |
2454 @code{define-key-after} with the appropriate final argument. | |
2455 | |
34741
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parents:
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|
2456 More detailed information---and more examples of how to create and |
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parents:
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|
2457 modify menu options---are in the @cite{Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}, under |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2458 ``Menu Keymaps''. (@xref{Emacs Lisp documentation}, for information on |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2459 this manual.) |
25474 | 2460 |
2461 @node Deleting menus and menu options, Turning on syntax highlighting, Modifying pull-down menus, Common requests | |
2462 @section How do I delete menus and menu options? | |
2463 @cindex Deleting menus and menu options | |
2464 @cindex Menus, deleting | |
2465 | |
2466 The simplest way to remove a menu is to set its keymap to @samp{nil}. | |
34741
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2467 For example, to delete the @samp{Words} menu (@pxref{Modifying pull-down |
25474 | 2468 menus}), use: |
2469 | |
2470 @lisp | |
2471 (define-key global-map [menu-bar words] nil) | |
2472 @end lisp | |
2473 | |
2474 Similarly, removing a menu option requires redefining a keymap entry to | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2475 @code{nil}. For example, to delete the @samp{Forward word} menu option |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2476 from the @samp{Edit} menu (we added it in @ref{Modifying pull-down |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2477 menus}), use: |
25474 | 2478 |
2479 @lisp | |
2480 (define-key global-map [menu-bar edit forward] nil) | |
2481 @end lisp | |
2482 | |
2483 @node Turning on syntax highlighting, Scrolling only one line, Deleting menus and menu options, Common requests | |
2484 @section How do I turn on syntax highlighting? | |
2485 @cindex Syntax highlighting | |
2486 @cindex @code{font-lock-mode} | |
2487 @cindex Highlighting based on syntax | |
2488 @cindex Colorizing text | |
2489 @cindex FAQ, @code{font-lock-mode} | |
2490 | |
2491 @code{font-lock-mode} is the standard way to have Emacs perform syntax | |
34741
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Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2492 highlighting in the current buffer. With @code{font-lock-mode} turned |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2493 on, different types of text will appear in different colors. For |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2494 instance, if you turn on @code{font-lock-mode} in a programming mode, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2495 variables will appear in one face, keywords in a second, and comments in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2496 a third. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2497 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2498 @cindex hilit19 is deprecated |
25474 | 2499 Earlier versions of Emacs supported hilit19, a similar package. Use of |
2500 hilit19 is now considered non-standard, although @file{hilit19.el} comes | |
2501 with the stock Emacs distribution. It is no longer maintained. | |
2502 | |
2503 To turn @code{font-lock-mode} on within an existing buffer, use @kbd{M-x | |
2504 font-lock-mode @key{RET}}. | |
2505 | |
2506 To automatically invoke @code{font-lock-mode} when a particular major | |
2507 mode is invoked, set the major mode's hook. For example, to fontify all | |
2508 @code{c-mode} buffers, add the following to your @file{.emacs} file: | |
2509 | |
2510 @lisp | |
2511 (add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock) | |
2512 @end lisp | |
2513 | |
2514 To automatically invoke @code{font-lock-mode} for all major modes, you | |
2515 can turn on @code{global-font-lock-mode} by including the following line | |
2516 in your @file{.emacs} file: | |
2517 | |
2518 @lisp | |
2519 (global-font-lock-mode 1) | |
2520 @end lisp | |
2521 | |
34741
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Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2522 @noindent |
25474 | 2523 This instructs Emacs to turn on font-lock mode in those buffers for |
2524 which a font-lock mode definition has been provided (in the variable | |
2525 @code{font-lock-global-modes}). If you edit a file in | |
2526 @code{pie-ala-mode}, and no font-lock definitions have been provided for | |
2527 @code{pie-ala} files, then the above setting will have no effect on that | |
2528 particular buffer. | |
2529 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2530 Highlighting a buffer with @code{font-lock-mode} can take quite a while, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2531 and cause an annoying delay in display, so several features exist to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2532 work around this. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2533 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2534 @cindex Just-In-Time syntax highlighting |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2535 In Emacs 21 and later, turning on @code{font-lock-mode} automatically |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2536 activates the new @dfn{Just-In-Time fontification} provided by |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2537 @code{jit-lock-mode}. @code{jit-lock-mode} defers the fontification of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2538 portions of buffer until you actually need to see them, and can also |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2539 fontify while Emacs is idle. This makes display of the visible portion |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2540 of a buffer almost instantaneous. For details about customizing |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2541 @code{jit-lock-mode}, type @kbd{C-h f jit-lock-mode @key{RET}}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2542 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2543 @cindex Levels of syntax highlighting |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2544 @cindex Decoration level, in @code{font-lock-mode} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2545 In versions of Emacs before 21, different levels of decoration are |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2546 available, from slight to gaudy. More decoration means you need to wait |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2547 more time for a buffer to be fontified (or a faster machine). To |
25474 | 2548 control how decorated your buffers should become, set the value of |
2549 @code{font-lock-maximum-decoration} in your @file{.emacs} file, with a | |
2550 @code{nil} value indicating default (usually minimum) decoration, and a | |
2551 @code{t} value indicating the maximum decoration. For the gaudiest | |
2552 possible look, then, include the line | |
2553 | |
2554 @lisp | |
2555 (setq font-lock-maximum-decoration t) | |
2556 @end lisp | |
2557 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2558 @noindent |
25474 | 2559 in your @file{.emacs} file. You can also set this variable such that |
2560 different modes are highlighted in a different ways; for more | |
2561 information, see the documentation for | |
2562 @code{font-lock-maximum-decoration} with @kbd{C-h v} (or @kbd{M-x | |
2563 describe-variable @key{RET}}). | |
2564 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2565 @cindex Lazy font-lock |
25474 | 2566 You might also want to investigate @code{fast-lock-mode} and |
2567 @code{lazy-lock-mode}, versions of @code{font-lock-mode} that speed up | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2568 highlighting. These are the alternatives for @code{jit-lock-mode} in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2569 versions of Emacs before 21.1. The advantage of @code{lazy-lock-mode} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2570 is that it only fontifies buffers when certain conditions are met, such |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2571 as after a certain amount of idle time, or after you have finished |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2572 scrolling through text. See the documentation for @code{lazy-lock-mode} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2573 by typing @kbd{C-h f @code{lazy-lock-mode}} (@kbd{M-x describe-function |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2574 @key{RET} lazy-lock-mode @key{RET}}). |
25474 | 2575 |
2576 Also see the documentation for the function @code{font-lock-mode}, | |
2577 available by typing @kbd{C-h f font-lock-mode} (@kbd{M-x | |
2578 describe-function @key{RET} font-lock-mode @key{RET}}). | |
2579 | |
2580 For more information on font-lock mode, take a look at the | |
2581 @code{font-lock-mode} FAQ, maintained by | |
2582 @email{jari.aalto@@ntc.nokia.com, Jari Aalto} at | |
2583 | |
2584 @uref{ftp://cs.uta.fi/pub/ssjaaa/ema-font.gui} | |
2585 | |
2586 To print buffers with the faces (i.e., colors and fonts) intact, use | |
2587 @kbd{M-x ps-print-buffer-with-faces} or @kbd{M-x | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2588 ps-print-region-with-faces}. You will need a way to send text to a |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2589 PostScript printer, or a PostScript interpreter such as Ghostscript; |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2590 consult the documentation of the variables @code{ps-printer-name}, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2591 @code{ps-lpr-command}, and @code{ps-lpr-switches} for more details. |
25474 | 2592 |
2593 @node Scrolling only one line, Replacing highlighted text, Turning on syntax highlighting, Common requests | |
2594 @section How can I force Emacs to scroll only one line when I move past the bottom of the screen? | |
2595 @cindex Scrolling only one line | |
2596 @cindex Reducing the increment when scrollng | |
2597 | |
2598 Place the following Lisp form in your @file{.emacs} file: | |
2599 | |
2600 @lisp | |
2601 (setq scroll-step 1) | |
2602 @end lisp | |
2603 | |
2604 @inforef{Scrolling, Scrolling, emacs}. | |
2605 | |
2606 @node Replacing highlighted text, Editing MS-DOS files, Scrolling only one line, Common requests | |
2607 @section How can I replace highlighted text with what I type? | |
2608 @cindex @code{delete-selection-mode} | |
2609 @cindex Replacing highlighted text | |
2610 @cindex Highlighing and replacing text | |
2611 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2612 Use @code{delete-selection-mode}, which you can start automatically by |
25474 | 2613 placing the following Lisp form in your @file{.emacs} file: |
2614 | |
2615 @lisp | |
2616 (delete-selection-mode t) | |
2617 @end lisp | |
2618 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2619 According to the documentation string for @code{delete-selection-mode} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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changeset
|
2620 (which you can read using @kbd{M-x describe-function @key{RET} |
25474 | 2621 delete-selection-mode @key{RET}}): |
2622 | |
2623 @quotation | |
2624 When ON, typed text replaces the selection if the selection is active. | |
2625 When OFF, typed text is just inserted at point. | |
2626 @end quotation | |
2627 | |
2628 This mode also allows you to delete (not kill) the highlighted region by | |
2629 pressing @key{DEL}. | |
2630 | |
2631 @node Editing MS-DOS files, Filling paragraphs with a single space, Replacing highlighted text, Common requests | |
2632 @section How can I edit MS-DOS files using Emacs? | |
2633 @cindex Editing MS-DOS files | |
2634 @cindex MS-DOS files, editing | |
2635 @cindex Microsoft files, editing | |
2636 @cindex Windows files, editing | |
2637 | |
2638 As of Emacs 20, detection and handling of MS-DOS (and Windows) files is | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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diff
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|
2639 performed transparently. You can open MS-DOS files on a Unix system, |
25474 | 2640 edit it, and save it without having to worry about the file format. |
2641 | |
34741
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Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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diff
changeset
|
2642 When editing an MS-DOS style file, the mode line will indicate that it |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2643 is a DOS file. On Unix and GNU/Linux systems, and also on a Macintosh, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2644 the string @samp{(DOS)} will appear near the left edge of the mode line; |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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changeset
|
2645 on DOS and Windows, where the DOS end-of-line (EOL) format is the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
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|
2646 default, a backslash (@samp{\}) will appear in the mode line. |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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changeset
|
2647 |
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changeset
|
2648 If you are running a version of Emacs before 20.1, get @code{crypt++} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2649 from the Emacs Lisp Archive (@pxref{Packages that do not come with |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2650 Emacs}). Among other things, @code{crypt++} transparently modifies |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2651 MS-DOS files as they are loaded and saved, allowing you to ignore the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2652 different conventions that Unix and MS-DOS have for delineating the end |
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Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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changeset
|
2653 of a line. |
25474 | 2654 |
35651
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
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changeset
|
2655 @node Filling paragraphs with a single space, Escape sequences in shell output, Editing MS-DOS files, Common requests |
25474 | 2656 @section How can I tell Emacs to fill paragraphs with a single space after each period? |
2657 @cindex One space following periods | |
2658 @cindex Single space following periods | |
2659 @cindex Periods, one space following | |
2660 | |
2661 @email{ulm@@vsnhd1.cern.ch, Ulrich Mueller} suggests adding the | |
2662 following two lines to your @file{.emacs} file: | |
2663 | |
2664 @lisp | |
2665 (setq sentence-end "[.?!][]\"')@}]*\\($\\|[ \t]\\)[ \t\n]*") | |
2666 (setq sentence-end-double-space nil) | |
2667 @end lisp | |
2668 | |
35651
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
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changeset
|
2669 @node Escape sequences in shell output, , Filling paragraphs with a single space, Common requests |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
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|
2670 @section Why do I get these strange escape sequences when I run |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
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|
2671 @code{ls} from the Shell mode? |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
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changeset
|
2672 @cindex Escape sequences in @code{ls} output |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
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|
2673 @cindex @code{ls} in Shell mode |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
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diff
changeset
|
2674 |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
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diff
changeset
|
2675 This happens because @code{ls} is aliased to @samp{ls --color} in your |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2676 shell init file. You have two alternatives to solve this: |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2677 |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2678 @itemize @bullet |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2679 @item |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2680 Make the alias conditioned on the @code{EMACS} variable in the |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2681 environment. When Emacs runs a subsidiary shell, it exports the |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2682 @code{EMACS} variable with the value @code{t} to that shell. You can |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2683 unalias @code{ls} when that happens, thus limiting the alias to your |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2684 interactive sessions. |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2685 |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2686 @item |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2687 Install the @code{ansi-color} package (bundled with Emacs 21.1 and |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2688 later), which converts these ANSI escape sequences into colors. |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2689 @end itemize |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2690 |
25474 | 2691 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ |
2692 @node Bugs and problems, Compiling and installing Emacs, Common requests, Top | |
2693 @chapter Bugs and problems | |
2694 @cindex Bugs and problems | |
2695 | |
38687
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2696 The Emacs manual lists some common kinds of trouble users could get |
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2697 into, see @ref{Lossage, , Dealing with Emacs Trouble, emacs, The GNU |
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2698 Emacs Manual}, so you might look there if the problem you encounter |
38770
4cbe0f799a15
(Bugs and problems): Fix wording.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38687
diff
changeset
|
2699 isn't described in this chapter. If you decide you've discovered a bug, |
4cbe0f799a15
(Bugs and problems): Fix wording.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38687
diff
changeset
|
2700 see @ref{Bugs, , Reporting Bugs, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}, for |
38687
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2701 instructions how to do that. |
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2702 |
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2703 The file @file{etc/PROBLEMS} in the Emacs distribution lists various |
38770
4cbe0f799a15
(Bugs and problems): Fix wording.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38687
diff
changeset
|
2704 known problems with building and using Emacs on specific platforms; |
4cbe0f799a15
(Bugs and problems): Fix wording.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38687
diff
changeset
|
2705 type @kbd{C-h P} to read it. |
38687
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2706 |
25474 | 2707 @menu |
2708 * Problems with very large files:: | |
2709 * ^M in the shell buffer:: | |
2710 * Shell process exits abnormally:: | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2711 * Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows:: |
25474 | 2712 * Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs:: |
2713 * Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode:: | |
2714 * Problems talking to certain hosts:: | |
2715 * Errors with init files:: | |
2716 * Emacs ignores X resources:: | |
36301
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2717 * Emacs ignores frame parameters:: |
25474 | 2718 * Emacs takes a long time to visit files:: |
2719 * Editing files with $ in the name:: | |
2720 * Shell mode loses the current directory:: | |
2721 * Security risks with Emacs:: | |
2722 * Dired claims that no file is on this line:: | |
2723 @end menu | |
2724 | |
2725 @node Problems with very large files, ^M in the shell buffer, Bugs and problems, Bugs and problems | |
2726 @section Does Emacs have problems with files larger than 8 megabytes? | |
2727 @cindex Very large files, opening | |
2728 @cindex Large files, opening | |
2729 @cindex Opening very large files | |
2730 @cindex Maximum file size | |
2731 @cindex Files, maximum size | |
2732 | |
2733 Old versions (i.e., anything before 19.29) of Emacs had problems editing | |
2734 files larger than 8 megabytes. As of version 19.29, the maximum buffer | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2735 size is at least 2^27-1, or 134,217,727 bytes, or 132 MBytes. Emacs 20 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2736 can be compiled on some 64-bit systems in a way that enlarges the buffer |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2737 size up to 576,460,752,303,423,487 bytes, or 549,755,813 GBytes. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2738 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2739 If you are using a version of Emacs older than 19.29 and cannot upgrade, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2740 you will have to recompile. @email{lnz@@lucid.com, Leonard N. Zubkoff} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2741 suggests putting the following two lines in @file{src/config.h} before |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2742 compiling Emacs to allow for 26-bit integers and pointers (and thus file |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2743 sizes of up to 33,554,431 bytes): |
25474 | 2744 |
2745 @example | |
2746 #define VALBITS 26 | |
2747 #define GCTYPEBITS 5 | |
2748 @end example | |
2749 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2750 @noindent |
25474 | 2751 This method may result in "ILLEGAL DATATYPE" and other random errors on |
2752 some machines. | |
2753 | |
2754 @email{daveg@@csvax.cs.caltech.edu, David Gillespie} explains how this | |
2755 problems crops up; while his numbers are true only for pre-19.29 | |
2756 versions of Emacs, the theory remains the same with current versions. | |
2757 | |
2758 @quotation | |
2759 Emacs is largely written in a dialect of Lisp; Lisp is a freely-typed | |
2760 language in the sense that you can put any value of any type into any | |
2761 variable, or return it from a function, and so on. So each value | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2762 must carry a @dfn{tag} along with it identifying what kind of thing it |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2763 is, e.g., integer, pointer to a list, pointer to an editing buffer, and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2764 so on. Emacs uses standard 32-bit integers for data objects, taking the |
25474 | 2765 top 8 bits for the tag and the bottom 24 bits for the value. So |
2766 integers (and pointers) are somewhat restricted compared to true C | |
2767 integers and pointers. | |
2768 @end quotation | |
2769 | |
2770 @node ^M in the shell buffer, Shell process exits abnormally, Problems with very large files, Bugs and problems | |
2771 @section How do I get rid of @samp{^M} or echoed commands in my shell buffer? | |
2772 @cindex Shell buffer, echoed commands and @samp{^M} in | |
2773 @cindex Echoed commands in @code{shell-mode} | |
2774 | |
2775 Try typing @kbd{M-x shell-strip-ctrl-m @key{RET}} while in @code{shell-mode} to | |
2776 make them go away. If that doesn't work, you have several options: | |
2777 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2778 For @code{tcsh}, put this in your @file{.cshrc} (or @file{.tcshrc}) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2779 file: |
25474 | 2780 |
2781 @example | |
2782 if ($?EMACS) then | |
2783 if ("$EMACS" == t) then | |
2784 if ($?tcsh) unset edit | |
2785 stty nl | |
2786 endif | |
2787 endif | |
2788 @end example | |
2789 | |
2790 Or put this in your @file{.emacs_tcsh} file: | |
2791 | |
2792 @example | |
2793 unset edit | |
2794 stty nl | |
2795 @end example | |
2796 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2797 Alternatively, use @code{csh} in your shell buffers instead of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2798 @code{tcsh}. One way is: |
25474 | 2799 |
2800 @lisp | |
2801 (setq explicit-shell-file-name "/bin/csh") | |
2802 @end lisp | |
2803 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2804 @noindent |
25474 | 2805 and another is to do this in your @file{.cshrc} (or @file{.tcshrc}) |
2806 file: | |
2807 | |
2808 @example | |
2809 setenv ESHELL /bin/csh | |
2810 @end example | |
2811 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2812 @noindent |
25474 | 2813 (You must start Emacs over again with the environment variable properly |
2814 set for this to take effect.) | |
2815 | |
2816 You can also set the @code{ESHELL} environment variable in Emacs Lisp | |
2817 with the following Lisp form, | |
2818 | |
2819 @lisp | |
2820 (setenv "ESHELL" "/bin/csh") | |
2821 @end lisp | |
2822 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2823 The above solutions try to prevent the shell from producing the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2824 @samp{^M} characters in the first place. If this is not possible |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2825 (e.g., if you use a Windows shell), you can get Emacs to remove these |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2826 characters from the buffer by adding this to your @file{.emacs} init |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2827 file: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2828 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2829 @smalllisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2830 (add-hook 'comint-output-filter-functions 'shell-strip-ctrl-m) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2831 @end smalllisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2832 |
25474 | 2833 On a related note: If your shell is echoing your input line in the shell |
2834 buffer, you might want to try the following command in your shell | |
2835 start-up file: | |
2836 | |
2837 @example | |
2838 stty -icrnl -onlcr -echo susp ^Z | |
2839 @end example | |
2840 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2841 @node Shell process exits abnormally, Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows, ^M in the shell buffer, Bugs and problems |
25474 | 2842 @section Why do I get "Process shell exited abnormally with code 1"? |
2843 @cindex Abnormal exits from @code{shell-mode} | |
2844 @cindex @code{shell-mode} exits | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2845 @cindex Process shell exited |
25474 | 2846 |
2847 The most likely reason for this message is that the @samp{env} program | |
2848 is not properly installed. Compile this program for your architecture, | |
2849 and install it with @samp{a+x} permission in the architecture-dependent | |
2850 Emacs program directory. (You can find what this directory is at your | |
2851 site by inspecting the value of the variable @code{exec-directory} by | |
2852 typing @kbd{C-h v exec-directory @key{RET}}.) | |
2853 | |
2854 You should also check for other programs named @samp{env} in your path | |
2855 (e.g., SunOS has a program named @file{/usr/bin/env}). We don't | |
2856 understand why this can cause a failure and don't know a general | |
2857 solution for working around the problem in this case. | |
2858 | |
2859 The @samp{make clean} command will remove @samp{env} and other vital | |
2860 programs, so be careful when using it. | |
2861 | |
2862 It has been reported that this sometimes happened when Emacs was started | |
2863 as an X client from an xterm window (i.e., had a controlling tty) but the | |
2864 xterm was later terminated. | |
2865 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2866 See also @samp{PROBLEMS} (in the @file{etc} subdirectory of the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2867 top-level directory when you unpack the Emacs source) for other |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2868 possible causes of this message. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2869 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2870 @node Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows, Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs, Shell process exits abnormally, Bugs and problems |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2871 @section Why do I get an error message when I try to run @kbd{M-x shell}? |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2872 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2873 @cindex Shell Mode, and MS-Windows |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2874 @cindex @code{explicit-shell-file-name} |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2875 On MS-Windows, this might happen because Emacs tries to look for the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2876 shell in a wrong place. The default file name @file{/bin/sh} is |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2877 usually incorrect for non-Unix systems. If you know where your shell |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2878 executable is, set the variable @code{explicit-shell-file-name} in |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2879 your @file{.emacs} file to point to its full file name, like this: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2880 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2881 @lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2882 (setq explicit-shell-file-name "d:/shells/bash.exe") |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2883 @end lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2884 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2885 If you don't know what shell does Emacs use, try the @kbd{M-!} |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2886 command; if that works, put the following line into your |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2887 @file{.emacs}: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2888 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2889 @lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2890 (setq explicit-shell-file-name shell-file-name) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2891 @end lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2892 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2893 @cindex Antivirus programs, and Shell Mode |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2894 Some people have trouble with Shell Mode because of intrusive |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2895 antivirus software; disabling the resident antivirus program solves |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2896 the problems in those cases. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2897 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2898 @node Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs, Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode, Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows, Bugs and problems |
25474 | 2899 @section Where is the termcap/terminfo entry for terminal type "emacs"? |
2900 @cindex Termcap | |
2901 @cindex Terminfo | |
2902 @cindex Emacs entries for termcap/terminfo | |
2903 | |
2904 The termcap entry for terminal type @samp{emacs} is ordinarily put in | |
2905 the @samp{TERMCAP} environment variable of subshells. It may help in | |
2906 certain situations (e.g., using rlogin from shell buffer) to add an | |
2907 entry for @samp{emacs} to the system-wide termcap file. Here is a | |
2908 correct termcap entry for @samp{emacs}: | |
2909 | |
2910 @example | |
2911 emacs:tc=unknown: | |
2912 @end example | |
2913 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2914 To make a terminfo entry for @samp{emacs}, use @code{tic} or |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2915 @code{captoinfo}. You need to generate |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2916 @file{/usr/lib/terminfo/e/emacs}. It may work to simply copy |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2917 @file{/usr/lib/terminfo/d/dumb} to @file{/usr/lib/terminfo/e/emacs}. |
25474 | 2918 |
2919 Having a termcap/terminfo entry will not enable the use of full screen | |
2920 programs in shell buffers. Use @kbd{M-x terminal-emulator} for that | |
2921 instead. | |
2922 | |
2923 A workaround to the problem of missing termcap/terminfo entries is to | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2924 change terminal type @samp{emacs} to type @samp{dumb} or @samp{unknown} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2925 in your shell start up file. @code{csh} users could put this in their |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2926 @file{.cshrc} files: |
25474 | 2927 |
2928 @example | |
2929 if ("$term" == emacs) set term=dumb | |
2930 @end example | |
2931 | |
2932 @node Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode, Problems talking to certain hosts, Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs, Bugs and problems | |
2933 @section Why does Emacs spontaneously start displaying "I-search:" and beeping? | |
2934 @cindex Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode | |
2935 @cindex isearch-mode, spontaneous entry into | |
2936 @cindex Beeping without obvious reason | |
2937 | |
2938 Your terminal (or something between your terminal and the computer) is | |
2939 sending @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} for flow control, and Emacs is receiving | |
2940 these characters and interpreting them as commands. (The @kbd{C-s} | |
2941 character normally invokes the @code{isearch-forward} command.) For | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2942 possible solutions, see @ref{Handling C-s and C-q with flow control}. |
25474 | 2943 |
2944 @node Problems talking to certain hosts, Errors with init files, Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode, Bugs and problems | |
2945 @section Why can't Emacs talk to certain hosts (or certain hostnames)? | |
2946 @cindex Hosts, Emacs cannot talk to | |
2947 @cindex @code{gethostbyname}, problematic version | |
2948 | |
2949 The problem may be that Emacs is linked with a wimpier version of | |
2950 @code{gethostbyname} than the rest of the programs on the machine. This | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2951 is often manifested as a message on startup of ``X server not responding. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2952 Check your @samp{DISPLAY} environment variable.'' or a message of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2953 ``Unknown host'' from @code{open-network-stream}. |
25474 | 2954 |
2955 On a Sun, this may be because Emacs had to be linked with the static C | |
2956 library. The version of @code{gethostbyname} in the static C library | |
2957 may only look in @file{/etc/hosts} and the NIS (YP) maps, while the | |
2958 version in the dynamic C library may be smart enough to check DNS in | |
2959 addition to or instead of NIS. On a Motorola Delta running System V | |
2960 R3.6, the version of @code{gethostbyname} in the standard library works, | |
2961 but the one that works with NIS doesn't (the one you get with -linet). | |
2962 Other operating systems have similar problems. | |
2963 | |
2964 Try these options: | |
2965 | |
2966 @itemize @bullet | |
2967 | |
2968 @item | |
2969 Explicitly add the host you want to communicate with to @file{/etc/hosts}. | |
2970 | |
2971 @item | |
2972 Relink Emacs with this line in @file{src/config.h}: | |
2973 | |
2974 @example | |
2975 #define LIBS_SYSTEM -lresolv | |
2976 @end example | |
2977 | |
2978 @item | |
2979 Replace @code{gethostbyname} and friends in @file{libc.a} with more | |
2980 useful versions such as the ones in @file{libresolv.a}. Then relink | |
2981 Emacs. | |
2982 | |
2983 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2984 If you are actually running NIS, make sure that @code{ypbind} is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2985 properly told to do DNS lookups with the correct command line switch. |
25474 | 2986 |
2987 @end itemize | |
2988 | |
2989 @node Errors with init files, Emacs ignores X resources, Problems talking to certain hosts, Bugs and problems | |
2990 @section Why does Emacs say "Error in init file"? | |
2991 @cindex Error in @file{.emacs} | |
2992 @cindex Error in init file | |
2993 @cindex Init file, errors in | |
2994 @cindex @file{.emacs} file, errors in | |
2995 @cindex Debugging @file{.emacs} file | |
2996 | |
2997 An error occurred while loading either your @file{.emacs} file or the | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2998 system-wide file @file{lisp/default.el}. Emacs 21.1 and later pops the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2999 @file{*Messages*} buffer, and puts there some additional information |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3000 about the error, to provide some hints for debugging. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3001 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3002 For information on how to debug your @file{.emacs} file, see |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3003 @ref{Debugging a customization file}. |
25474 | 3004 |
3005 It may be the case that you need to load some package first, or use a | |
3006 hook that will be evaluated after the package is loaded. A common case | |
3007 of this is explained in @ref{Terminal setup code works after Emacs has | |
3008 begun}. | |
3009 | |
36301
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3010 @node Emacs ignores X resources, Emacs ignores frame parameters, Errors with init files, Bugs and problems |
25474 | 3011 @section Why does Emacs ignore my X resources (my .Xdefaults file)? |
3012 @cindex X resources being ignored | |
3013 @cindex Ignored X resources | |
3014 @cindex @file{.Xdefaults} | |
3015 | |
3016 As of version 19, Emacs searches for X resources in the files specified | |
3017 by the following environment variables: | |
3018 | |
3019 @itemize @bullet | |
3020 | |
3021 @item @code{XFILESEARCHPATH} | |
3022 @item @code{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH} | |
3023 @item @code{XAPPLRESDIR} | |
3024 | |
3025 @end itemize | |
3026 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3027 This emulates the functionality provided by programs written using the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3028 Xt toolkit. |
25474 | 3029 |
3030 @code{XFILESEARCHPATH} and @code{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH} should be a list | |
3031 of file names separated by colons. @code{XAPPLRESDIR} should be a list | |
3032 of directory names separated by colons. | |
3033 | |
3034 Emacs searches for X resources: | |
3035 | |
3036 @enumerate | |
3037 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3038 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3039 specified on the command line, with the @samp{-xrm RESOURCESTRING} option, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3040 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3041 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3042 then in the value of the @samp{XENVIRONMENT} environment variable, |
25474 | 3043 |
3044 @itemize @minus | |
3045 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3046 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3047 or if that is unset, in the file named |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3048 @file{~/.Xdefaults-@var{hostname}} if it exists (where @var{hostname} is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3049 the name of the machine Emacs is running on), |
25474 | 3050 |
3051 @end itemize | |
3052 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3053 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3054 then in the screen-specific and server-wide resource properties provided |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3055 by the server, |
25474 | 3056 |
3057 @itemize @minus | |
3058 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3059 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3060 or if those properties are unset, in the file named @file{~/.Xdefaults} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3061 if it exists, |
25474 | 3062 |
3063 @end itemize | |
3064 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3065 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3066 then in the files listed in @samp{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH}, |
25474 | 3067 |
3068 @itemize @minus | |
3069 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3070 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3071 or in files named @file{@var{lang}/Emacs} in directories listed in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3072 @samp{XAPPLRESDIR} (where @var{lang} is the value of the @code{LANG} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3073 environment variable), if the @samp{LANG} environment variable is set, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3074 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3075 or in files named Emacs in the directories listed in @samp{XAPPLRESDIR} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3076 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3077 or in @file{~/@var{lang}/Emacs} (if the @code{LANG} environment variable |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3078 is set), |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3079 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3080 or in @file{~/Emacs}, |
25474 | 3081 |
3082 @end itemize | |
3083 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3084 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3085 then in the files listed in @code{XFILESEARCHPATH}. |
25474 | 3086 |
3087 @end enumerate | |
3088 | |
36301
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3089 @node Emacs ignores frame parameters, Emacs takes a long time to visit files, Emacs ignores X resources, Bugs and problems |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3090 @section Why don't my customizations of the frame parameters work? |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3091 @cindex Frame parameters |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3092 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3093 This probably happens because you have set the frame parameters in the |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3094 variable @code{initial-frame-alist}. That variable holds parameters |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3095 used only for the first frame created when Emacs starts. To customize |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3096 the parameters of all frames, change the variable |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3097 @code{default-frame-alist} instead. |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3098 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3099 These two variables exist because many users customize the initial frame |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3100 in a special way. For example, you could determine the position and |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3101 size of the initial frame, but would like to control the geometry of the |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3102 other frames by individually positioning each one of them. |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3103 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3104 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3105 @node Emacs takes a long time to visit files, Editing files with $ in the name, Emacs ignores frame parameters, Bugs and problems |
25474 | 3106 @section Why does Emacs take 20 seconds to visit a file? |
3107 @cindex Visiting files takes a long time | |
3108 @cindex Delay when visiting files | |
3109 @cindex Files, take a long time to visit | |
3110 | |
3111 Old versions of Emacs (i.e., versions before Emacs 20.x) often | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3112 encountered this when the master lock file, @file{!!!SuperLock!!!}, has |
25474 | 3113 been left in the lock directory somehow. Delete it. |
3114 | |
3115 @email{meuer@@geom.umn.edu, Mark Meuer} says that NeXT NFS has a bug | |
3116 where an exclusive create succeeds but returns an error status. This | |
3117 can cause the same problem. Since Emacs's file locking doesn't work | |
3118 over NFS anyway, the best solution is to recompile Emacs with | |
3119 @code{CLASH_DETECTION} undefined. | |
3120 | |
3121 @node Editing files with $ in the name, Shell mode loses the current directory, Emacs takes a long time to visit files, Bugs and problems | |
3122 @section How do I edit a file with a @samp{$} in its name? | |
3123 @cindex Editing files with @samp{$} in the name | |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3124 @cindex @samp{$} in file names |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3125 @cindex File names containing @samp{$}, editing |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3126 |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3127 When entering a file name in the minibuffer, Emacs will attempt to expand |
25474 | 3128 a @samp{$} followed by a word as an environment variable. To suppress |
3129 this behavior, type @kbd{$$} instead. | |
3130 | |
3131 @node Shell mode loses the current directory, Security risks with Emacs, Editing files with $ in the name, Bugs and problems | |
3132 @section Why does shell mode lose track of the shell's current directory? | |
3133 @cindex Current directory and @code{shell-mode} | |
3134 @cindex @code{shell-mode} and current directory | |
3135 @cindex Directory, current in @code{shell-mode} | |
3136 | |
3137 Emacs has no way of knowing when the shell actually changes its | |
3138 directory. This is an intrinsic limitation of Unix. So it tries to | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3139 guess by recognizing @samp{cd} commands. If you type @kbd{cd} followed |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3140 by a directory name with a variable reference (@kbd{cd $HOME/bin}) or |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3141 with a shell metacharacter (@kbd{cd ../lib*}), Emacs will fail to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3142 correctly guess the shell's new current directory. A huge variety of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3143 fixes and enhancements to shell mode for this problem have been written |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3144 to handle this problem. Check the Lisp Code Directory (@pxref{Finding a |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3145 package with particular functionality}). |
25474 | 3146 |
3147 You can tell Emacs the shell's current directory with the command | |
3148 @kbd{M-x dirs}. | |
3149 | |
3150 @node Security risks with Emacs, Dired claims that no file is on this line, Shell mode loses the current directory, Bugs and problems | |
3151 @section Are there any security risks in Emacs? | |
3152 @cindex Security with Emacs | |
3153 @cindex @samp{movemail} and security | |
3154 @cindex @code{file-local-variable} and security | |
3155 @cindex Synthetic X events and security | |
3156 @cindex X events and security | |
3157 | |
3158 @itemize @bullet | |
3159 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3160 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3161 The @file{movemail} incident. (No, this is not a risk.) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3162 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3163 In his book @cite{The Cuckoo's Egg}, Cliff Stoll describes this in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3164 chapter 4. The site at LBL had installed the @file{/etc/movemail} |
25474 | 3165 program setuid root. (As of version 19, @file{movemail} is in your |
3166 architecture-specific directory; type @kbd{C-h v exec-directory | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3167 @key{RET}} to see what it is.) Since @code{movemail} had not been |
25474 | 3168 designed for this situation, a security hole was created and users could |
3169 get root privileges. | |
3170 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3171 @code{movemail} has since been changed so that this security hole will |
25474 | 3172 not exist, even if it is installed setuid root. However, |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3173 @code{movemail} no longer needs to be installed setuid root, which |
25474 | 3174 should eliminate this particular risk. |
3175 | |
3176 We have heard unverified reports that the 1988 Internet worm took | |
3177 advantage of this configuration problem. | |
3178 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3179 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3180 The @code{file-local-variable} feature. (Yes, a risk, but easy to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3181 change.) |
25474 | 3182 |
3183 There is an Emacs feature that allows the setting of local values for | |
3184 variables when editing a file by including specially formatted text near | |
3185 the end of the file. This feature also includes the ability to have | |
3186 arbitrary Emacs Lisp code evaluated when the file is visited. | |
3187 Obviously, there is a potential for Trojan horses to exploit this | |
3188 feature. | |
3189 | |
3190 Emacs 18 allowed this feature by default; users could disable it by | |
3191 setting the variable @code{inhibit-local-variables} to a non-nil value. | |
3192 | |
3193 As of Emacs 19, Emacs has a list of local variables that create a | |
3194 security risk. If a file tries to set one of them, it asks the user to | |
3195 confirm whether the variables should be set. You can also tell Emacs | |
3196 whether to allow the evaluation of Emacs Lisp code found at the bottom | |
3197 of files by setting the variable @code{enable-local-eval}. | |
3198 | |
3199 For more information, @inforef{File Variables, File Variables, emacs}. | |
3200 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3201 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3202 Synthetic X events. (Yes, a risk; use @samp{MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1} or |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3203 better.) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3204 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3205 Emacs accepts synthetic X events generated by the @code{SendEvent} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3206 request as though they were regular events. As a result, if you are |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3207 using the trivial host-based authentication, other users who can open X |
25474 | 3208 connections to your X workstation can make your Emacs process do |
3209 anything, including run other processes with your privileges. | |
3210 | |
3211 The only fix for this is to prevent other users from being able to open | |
3212 X connections. The standard way to prevent this is to use a real | |
3213 authentication mechanism, such as @samp{MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1}. If using | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3214 the @code{xauth} program has any effect, then you are probably using |
25474 | 3215 @samp{MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1}. Your site may be using a superior |
3216 authentication method; ask your system administrator. | |
3217 | |
3218 If real authentication is not a possibility, you may be satisfied by | |
3219 just allowing hosts access for brief intervals while you start your X | |
3220 programs, then removing the access. This reduces the risk somewhat by | |
3221 narrowing the time window when hostile users would have access, but | |
3222 @emph{does not eliminate the risk}. | |
3223 | |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35061
diff
changeset
|
3224 On most computers running Unix and X, you enable and disable |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3225 access using the @code{xhost} command. To allow all hosts access to |
25474 | 3226 your X server, use |
3227 | |
3228 @example | |
3229 xhost + | |
3230 @end example | |
3231 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3232 @noindent |
25474 | 3233 at the shell prompt, which (on an HP machine, at least) produces the |
3234 following message: | |
3235 | |
3236 @example | |
3237 access control disabled, clients can connect from any host | |
3238 @end example | |
3239 | |
3240 To deny all hosts access to your X server (except those explicitly | |
3241 allowed by name), use | |
3242 | |
3243 @example | |
3244 xhost - | |
3245 @end example | |
3246 | |
3247 On the test HP computer, this command generated the following message: | |
3248 | |
3249 @example | |
3250 access control enabled, only authorized clients can connect | |
3251 @end example | |
3252 | |
3253 @end itemize | |
3254 | |
3255 @node Dired claims that no file is on this line, , Security risks with Emacs, Bugs and problems | |
3256 @section Dired says, "no file on this line" when I try to do something. | |
3257 @cindex Dired does not see a file | |
3258 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3259 @c FIXME: I think this is fixed in Emacs 21, but I didn't have time to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3260 @c check. |
25474 | 3261 Chances are you're using a localized version of Unix that doesn't use US |
3262 date format in dired listings. You can check this by looking at dired | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3263 listings or by typing @kbd{ls -l} to a shell and looking at the dates that |
25474 | 3264 come out. |
3265 | |
3266 Dired uses a regular expression to find the beginning of a file name. | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3267 In a long Unix-style directory listing (@samp{ls -l}), the file name |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3268 starts after the date. The regexp has thus been written to look for the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3269 date, the format of which can vary on non-US systems. |
25474 | 3270 |
3271 There are two approaches to solving this. The first one involves | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3272 setting things up so that @samp{ls -l} outputs US date format. This can |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3273 be done by setting the locale. See your OS manual for more information. |
25474 | 3274 |
3275 The second approach involves changing the regular expression used by | |
3276 dired, @code{dired-move-to-filename-regexp}. | |
3277 | |
3278 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
3279 @node Compiling and installing Emacs, Finding Emacs and related packages, Bugs and problems, Top | |
3280 @chapter Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3281 @cindex Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3282 | |
3283 @menu | |
3284 * Installing Emacs:: | |
3285 * Updating Emacs:: | |
3286 * Problems building Emacs:: | |
3287 * Linking with -lX11 fails:: | |
3288 @end menu | |
3289 | |
3290 @node Installing Emacs, Updating Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3291 @section How do I install Emacs? | |
3292 @cindex Installing Emacs | |
3293 @cindex Unix systems, installing Emacs on | |
3294 @cindex Downloading and installing Emacs | |
3295 @cindex Retrieving and installing Emacs | |
3296 @cindex Building Emacs from source | |
3297 @cindex Source code, building Emacs from | |
3298 @cindex Unpacking and installing Emacs | |
3299 | |
3300 This answer is meant for users of Unix and Unix-like systems. Users of | |
3301 other operating systems should see the series of questions beginning | |
3302 with @ref{Emacs for MS-DOS}, which describe where to get non-Unix source | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3303 and binaries, and how to install Emacs on those systems. |
25474 | 3304 |
3305 For Unix and Unix-like systems, the easiest way is often to compile it | |
3306 from scratch. You will need: | |
3307 | |
3308 @itemize @bullet | |
3309 | |
3310 @item | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3311 Emacs sources. @xref{Current GNU distributions}, for a list of ftp sites |
25474 | 3312 that make them available. On @file{ftp.gnu.org}, the main GNU |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3313 distribution site, sources are available as |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3314 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3315 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/emacs-@value{VER}.tar.gz} |
25474 | 3316 |
3317 The above will obviously change as new versions of Emacs come out. For | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3318 instance, when Emacs 21.42 is released, it will most probably be |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3319 available as |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3320 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3321 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/emacs-21.42.tar.gz} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3322 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3323 Again, you should use one of the GNU mirror sites (see @ref{Current GNU |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3324 distributions}, and adjust the URL accordingly) so as to reduce load on |
25474 | 3325 @file{ftp.gnu.org}. |
3326 | |
3327 @item | |
3328 @code{gzip}, the GNU compression utility. You can get @code{gzip} via | |
3329 anonymous ftp at mirrors of @file{ftp.gnu.org} sites; it should compile | |
3330 and install without much trouble on most systems. Once you have | |
3331 retrieved the Emacs sources, you will probably be able to uncompress | |
3332 them with the command | |
3333 | |
3334 @example | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3335 gunzip --verbose emacs-@value{VER}.tar.gz |
25474 | 3336 @end example |
3337 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3338 @noindent |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3339 changing the Emacs version (@value{VER}), as necessary. Once |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3340 @code{gunzip} has finished doing its job, a file by the name of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3341 @file{emacs-@value{VER}.tar} should be in your build directory. |
25474 | 3342 |
3343 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3344 @code{tar}, the @dfn{tape archiving} program, which moves multiple files |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3345 into and out of archive files, or @dfn{tarfiles}. All of the files |
25474 | 3346 comprising the Emacs source come in a single tarfile, and must be |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3347 extracted using @code{tar} before you can build Emacs. Typically, the |
25474 | 3348 extraction command would look like |
3349 | |
3350 @example | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3351 tar -xvvf emacs-@value{VER}.tar |
25474 | 3352 @end example |
3353 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3354 @noindent |
25474 | 3355 The @samp{x} indicates that we want to extract files from this tarfile, |
3356 the two @samp{v}s force verbose output, and the @samp{f} tells | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3357 @code{tar} to use a disk file, rather than one on the tape drive. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3358 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3359 If you're using GNU @code{tar} (available at mirrors of |
25474 | 3360 @file{ftp.gnu.org}), you can combine this step and the previous one by |
3361 using the command | |
3362 | |
3363 @example | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3364 tar -zxvvf emacs-@value{VER}.tar.gz |
25474 | 3365 @end example |
3366 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3367 @noindent |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3368 The additional @samp{z} at the beginning of the options list tells GNU |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3369 @code{tar} to uncompress the file with @code{gunzip} before extracting |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3370 the tarfile's components. |
25474 | 3371 |
3372 @end itemize | |
3373 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3374 At this point, the Emacs sources (all 70+ megabytes of them) should be |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3375 sitting in a directory called @file{emacs-@value{VER}}. On most common |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3376 Unix and Unix-like systems, you should be able to compile Emacs (with X |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3377 Window system support) with the following commands: |
25474 | 3378 |
3379 @example | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3380 cd emacs-@value{VER} # change directory to emacs-@value{VER} |
25474 | 3381 ./configure # configure Emacs for your particular system |
3382 make # use Makefile to build components, then Emacs | |
3383 @end example | |
3384 | |
3385 If the @code{make} completes successfully, the odds are fairly good that | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3386 the build has gone well. (@xref{Problems building Emacs}, if you weren't |
25474 | 3387 successful.) |
3388 | |
3389 By default, Emacs is installed in the following directories: | |
3390 | |
3391 @table @file | |
3392 @item /usr/local/bin | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3393 binaries. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3394 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3395 @item /usr/local/share/emacs/@value{VER} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3396 Lisp code and support files. |
25474 | 3397 |
3398 @item /usr/local/info | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3399 Info documentation. |
25474 | 3400 @end table |
3401 | |
3402 To install files in those default directories, become the superuser and | |
3403 type | |
3404 | |
3405 @example | |
3406 make install | |
3407 @end example | |
3408 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3409 Note that @samp{make install} will overwrite @file{/usr/local/bin/emacs} |
25474 | 3410 and any Emacs Info files that might be in @file{/usr/local/info}. |
3411 | |
3412 Much more verbose instructions (with many more hints and suggestions) | |
3413 come with the Emacs sources, in the file @file{INSTALL}. | |
3414 | |
3415 @node Updating Emacs, Problems building Emacs, Installing Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3416 @section How do I update Emacs to the latest version? | |
3417 @cindex Updating Emacs | |
3418 | |
3419 @xref{Installing Emacs}, and follow the instructions there for | |
3420 installation. | |
3421 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3422 Most files are placed in version-specific directories. Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3423 @value{VER}, for instance, places files in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3424 @file{/usr/local/share/emacs/@value{VER}}. |
25474 | 3425 |
3426 Upgrading should overwrite only, @file{/usr/local/bin/emacs} (the Emacs | |
3427 binary) and documentation in @file{/usr/local/info}. Back up these | |
3428 files before you upgrade, and you shouldn't have too much trouble. | |
3429 | |
3430 @node Problems building Emacs, Linking with -lX11 fails, Updating Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3431 @section What should I do if I have trouble building Emacs? | |
3432 @cindex Problems building Emacs | |
3433 @cindex Errors when building Emacs | |
3434 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3435 First look in the file @file{etc/PROBLEMS} (where you unpack the Emacs |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3436 source) to see if there is already a solution for your problem. Next, |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3437 look for other questions in this FAQ that have to do with Emacs |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3438 installation and compilation problems. |
25474 | 3439 |
3440 If you'd like to have someone look at your problem and help solve it, | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3441 see @ref{Help installing Emacs}. |
25474 | 3442 |
3443 If you cannot find a solution in the documentation, send a message to | |
3444 @email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org}. | |
3445 | |
37806 | 3446 Please don't post it to @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help} or send e-mail to |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3447 @email{help-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org}. For further guidelines, see |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3448 @ref{Guidelines for newsgroup postings} and @ref{Reporting bugs}. |
25474 | 3449 |
3450 @node Linking with -lX11 fails, , Problems building Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3451 @section Why does linking Emacs with -lX11 fail? | |
3452 @cindex Linking with -lX11 fails | |
3453 @cindex lX11, linking fails with | |
3454 | |
3455 Emacs needs to be linked with the static version of the X11 library, | |
3456 @file{libX11.a}. This may be missing. | |
3457 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3458 On OpenWindows, you may need to use @code{add_services} to add the |
25474 | 3459 "OpenWindows Programmers" optional software category from the CD-ROM. |
3460 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3461 On HP-UX 8.0, you may need to run @code{update} again to load the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3462 X11-PRG ``fileset''. This may be missing even if you specified ``all |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3463 filesets'' the first time. If @file{libcurses.a} is missing, you may |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3464 need to load the ``Berkeley Development Option.'' |
25474 | 3465 |
3466 @email{zoo@@armadillo.com, David Zuhn} says that MIT X builds shared | |
3467 libraries by default, and only shared libraries, on those platforms that | |
3468 support them. These shared libraries can't be used when undumping | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3469 @code{temacs} (the last stage of the Emacs build process). To get |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3470 regular libraries in addition to shared libraries, add this to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3471 @file{site.cf}: |
25474 | 3472 |
3473 @example | |
3474 #define ForceNormalLib YES | |
3475 @end example | |
3476 | |
3477 Other systems may have similar problems. You can always define | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3478 @code{CANNOT_DUMP} and link with the shared libraries instead. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3479 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3480 @cindex X Menus don't work |
25474 | 3481 To get the Xmenu stuff to work, you need to find a copy of MIT's |
3482 @file{liboldX.a}. | |
3483 | |
3484 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
3485 @node Finding Emacs and related packages, Major packages and programs, Compiling and installing Emacs, Top | |
3486 @chapter Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3487 @cindex Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3488 | |
3489 @menu | |
3490 * Finding Emacs on the Internet:: | |
3491 * Finding a package with particular functionality:: | |
3492 * Packages that do not come with Emacs:: | |
3493 * Submitting to the Emacs Lisp Archive:: | |
3494 * Current GNU distributions:: | |
3495 * Difference between Emacs and XEmacs:: | |
3496 * Emacs for MS-DOS:: | |
3497 * Emacs for Windows:: | |
3498 * Emacs for OS/2:: | |
3499 * Emacs for Atari ST:: | |
3500 * Emacs for the Amiga :: | |
3501 * Emacs for NeXTSTEP:: | |
3502 * Emacs for Apple computers:: | |
3503 * Emacs for VMS and DECwindows:: | |
3504 * Modes for various languages:: | |
3505 * Translating names to IP addresses:: | |
3506 @end menu | |
3507 | |
3508 @node Finding Emacs on the Internet, Finding a package with particular functionality, Finding Emacs and related packages, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3509 @section Where can I get Emacs on the net (or by snail mail)? | |
3510 @cindex Finding Emacs on the Internet | |
3511 @cindex Snail mail, ordering Emacs via | |
3512 @cindex Postal service, ordering Emacs via | |
3513 @cindex Distribution, retrieving Emacs | |
3514 @cindex Internet, retreiving from | |
3515 | |
3516 Look in the files @file{etc/DISTRIB} and @file{etc/FTP} for information | |
3517 on nearby archive sites and @file{etc/ORDERS} for mail orders. If you | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3518 don't already have Emacs, see @ref{Informational files for Emacs}, for how |
25474 | 3519 to get these files. |
3520 | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3521 @xref{Installing Emacs}, for information on how to obtain and build the latest |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3522 version of Emacs, and see @ref{Current GNU distributions}, for a list of |
25474 | 3523 archive sites that make GNU software available. |
3524 | |
3525 @node Finding a package with particular functionality, Packages that do not come with Emacs, Finding Emacs on the Internet, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3526 @section How do I find a Emacs Lisp package that does XXX? | |
3527 @cindex Package, finding | |
3528 @cindex Finding an Emacs Lisp package | |
3529 @cindex Functionality, finding a particular package | |
3530 | |
3531 First of all, you should check to make sure that the package isn't | |
3532 already available. For example, typing @kbd{M-x apropos @key{RET} | |
3533 wordstar @key{RET}} lists all functions and variables containing the | |
3534 string @samp{wordstar}. | |
3535 | |
3536 It is also possible that the package is on your system, but has not been | |
3537 loaded. To see which packages are available for loading, look through | |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3538 your computer's lisp directory (@pxref{File-name conventions}). The Lisp |
36344
6c3540ec3c12
(Finding a package with particular functionality):
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
36301
diff
changeset
|
3539 source to most packages contains a short description of how they |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3540 should be loaded, invoked, and configured---so before you use or |
25474 | 3541 modify a Lisp package, see if the author has provided any hints in the |
3542 source code. | |
3543 | |
3544 If a package does not come with Emacs, check the Lisp Code Directory. | |
3545 The LCD was originally maintained by @email{brennan@@hal.com, Dave | |
3546 Brennan}, but was recently taken over by @email{toby@@world.std.com, | |
3547 toby knudsen}, who maintains @uref{http://www.emacs.org}. The LCD is | |
3548 currently being reorganized and updated, but you can meanwhile find many | |
3549 packages at @uref{ftp://ftp.emacs.org/pub}. | |
3550 | |
3551 For now, you can search through the LCD with @file{lispdir.el}, which is | |
3552 in the process of being updated. Download it from the LCD, in the | |
3553 @file{emacs-lisp-attic/misc} directory, and then evaluate the following | |
3554 Lisp form (@pxref{Evaluating Emacs Lisp code}): | |
3555 | |
3556 @lisp | |
3557 (setq lisp-code-directory | |
3558 "/anonymous@@ftp.emacs.org:pub/emacs-lisp-attic/emacs-lisp/LCD-datafile.gz" | |
3559 elisp-archive-host "ftp.emacs.org" | |
3560 elisp-archive-directory "/pub/emacs-lisp-attic/emacs-lisp/") | |
3561 @end lisp | |
3562 | |
3563 Once you have installed @file{lispdir.el}, you can use @kbd{M-x | |
3564 lisp-dir-apropos} to search the listing. For example, @kbd{M-x | |
3565 lisp-dir-apropos @key{RET} ange-ftp @key{RET}} produces this output: | |
3566 | |
3567 @example | |
3568 GNU Emacs Lisp Code Directory Apropos --- "ange-ftp" | |
3569 "~/" refers to archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/elisp-archive/ | |
3570 | |
3571 ange-ftp (4.18) 15-Jul-1992 | |
3572 Andy Norman, <ange@@hplb.hpl.hp.com> | |
3573 ~/packages/ange-ftp.tar.Z | |
3574 transparent FTP Support for GNU Emacs | |
3575 auto-save (1.19) 01-May-1992 | |
3576 Sebastian Kremer, <sk@@thp.uni-koeln.de> | |
3577 ~/misc/auto-save.el.Z | |
3578 Safer autosaving with support for ange-ftp and /tmp | |
3579 ftp-quik (1.0) 28-Jul-1993 | |
3580 Terrence Brannon, <tb06@@pl122f.eecs.lehigh.edu> | |
3581 ~/modes/ftp-quik.el.Z | |
3582 Quik access to dired'ing of ange-ftp and normal paths | |
3583 @end example | |
3584 | |
3585 @node Packages that do not come with Emacs, Submitting to the Emacs Lisp Archive, Finding a package with particular functionality, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3586 @section Where can I get Emacs Lisp packages that don't come with Emacs? | |
3587 @cindex Unbundled packages | |
3588 @cindex Finding other packages | |
3589 @cindex Lisp packages that do not come with Emacs | |
3590 @cindex Packages, those that do not come with Emacs | |
3591 @cindex Emacs Lisp Archive, description of | |
3592 @cindex Archive, description of the Emacs Lisp | |
3593 | |
3594 First, check the Lisp Code Directory to find the name of the package you | |
3595 are looking for (@pxref{Finding a package with particular | |
3596 functionality}). Next, check local archives and the Emacs Lisp Archive | |
3597 to find a copy of the relevant files. If you still haven't found it, | |
3598 you can send e-mail to the author asking for a copy. If you find Emacs | |
3599 Lisp code that doesn't appear in the LCD, please submit a copy to the | |
3600 LCD (@pxref{Submitting to the Emacs Lisp Archive}). | |
3601 | |
3602 You can access the Emacs Lisp Archive at | |
3603 | |
3604 @uref{ftp://archive.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/emacs-lisp/} | |
3605 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3606 @noindent |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3607 or at |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3608 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3609 @uref{http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/emacs-lisp} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3610 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3611 @noindent |
25474 | 3612 Retrieve and read the file @file{README} first. |
3613 | |
3614 @itemize @bullet | |
3615 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3616 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3617 The archive maintainers do not have time to answer individual |
25474 | 3618 requests for packages or the list of packages in the archive. If you |
3619 cannot use FTP or UUCP to access the archive yourself, try to find a | |
3620 friend who can, but please don't ask the maintainers. | |
3621 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3622 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3623 Any files with names ending in @file{.Z}, @file{.z}, or @file{.gz} are |
25474 | 3624 compressed, so you should use "binary" mode in FTP to retrieve them. |
3625 You should also use binary mode whenever you retrieve any files with | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3626 names ending in @file{.elc}. |
25474 | 3627 |
3628 @end itemize | |
3629 | |
3630 @node Submitting to the Emacs Lisp Archive, Current GNU distributions, Packages that do not come with Emacs, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3631 @section How do I submit code to the Emacs Lisp Archive? | |
3632 @cindex Submitting code to the Emacs Lisp Archive | |
3633 @cindex Emacs Lisp Archive, submissions to | |
3634 @cindex Lisp Archive, submissions to | |
3635 @cindex Archive, submitting to the Emacs Lisp | |
3636 | |
3637 Guidelines and procedures for submission to the archive can be found in | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3638 the file @file{GUIDELINES} in the archive directory (@pxref{Packages that |
25474 | 3639 do not come with Emacs}). It covers documentation, copyrights, |
3640 packaging, submission, and the Lisp Code Directory Record. Anonymous | |
3641 FTP uploads are not permitted. Instead, all submissions are mailed to | |
3642 @email{elisp-archive@@cis.ohio-state.edu}. The @file{lispdir.el} | |
3643 package has a function named @code{submit-lcd-entry} which will help you | |
3644 with this. | |
3645 | |
3646 @node Current GNU distributions, Difference between Emacs and XEmacs, Submitting to the Emacs Lisp Archive, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3647 @section Where can I get other up-to-date GNU stuff? | |
3648 @cindex Current GNU distributions | |
3649 @cindex Sources for current GNU distributions | |
3650 @cindex Stuff, current GNU | |
3651 @cindex Up-to-date GNU stuff | |
3652 @cindex Finding current GNU software | |
3653 @cindex Official GNU software sites | |
3654 | |
3655 The most up-to-date official GNU software is normally kept at | |
3656 | |
3657 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu} | |
3658 | |
3659 Read the files @file{etc/DISTRIB} and @file{etc/FTP} for more | |
3660 information. | |
3661 | |
3662 A list of sites mirroring @samp{ftp.gnu.org} can be found at | |
3663 | |
3664 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html} | |
3665 | |
3666 @node Difference between Emacs and XEmacs, Emacs for MS-DOS, Current GNU distributions, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3667 @section What is the difference between Emacs and XEmacs (formerly "Lucid Emacs")? | |
3668 @cindex XEmacs | |
3669 @cindex Difference Emacs and XEmacs | |
3670 @cindex Lucid Emacs | |
3671 @cindex Epoch | |
3672 | |
3673 First of all, they're both GNU Emacs. XEmacs is just as much a later | |
3674 version of GNU Emacs as the FSF-distributed version. This FAQ refers to | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3675 the latest version to be distributed by the FSF as ``Emacs,'' partly |
25474 | 3676 because the XEmacs maintainers now refer to their product using the |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3677 ``XEmacs'' name, and partly because there isn't any accurate way to |
25474 | 3678 differentiate between the two without getting mired in paragraphs of |
3679 legalese and history. | |
3680 | |
3681 XEmacs, which began life as Lucid Emacs, is based on an early version of | |
3682 Emacs 19 and Epoch, an X-aware version of Emacs 18. | |
3683 | |
3684 Emacs (i.e., the version distributed by the FSF) has a larger installed | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3685 base and now always contains the MULE multilingual facilities. |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35061
diff
changeset
|
3686 XEmacs can do some clever tricks with X and MS-Windows, such as |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3687 putting arbitrary graphics in a buffer. Similar facilities have been |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3688 implemented for Emacs as part of a new redisplay implementation for |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3689 Emacs 21, and are available in the latest Emacs releases. |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3690 Emacs and XEmacs each come with |
25474 | 3691 Lisp packages that are lacking in the other; RMS says that the FSF would |
3692 include more packages that come with XEmacs, but that the XEmacs | |
3693 maintainers don't always keep track of the authors of contributed code, | |
3694 which makes it impossible for the FSF to have certain legal papers | |
3695 signed. (Without these legal papers, the FSF will not distribute Lisp | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3696 packages with Emacs.) The two versions have some |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3697 significant differences at the Lisp programming level. |
25474 | 3698 |
3699 Many XEmacs features have found their way into recent versions of Emacs, | |
3700 and more features can be expected in the future, but there are still many | |
3701 differences between the two. | |
3702 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3703 The latest stable version of XEmacs as of this writing is 21.1; you can |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3704 get it at |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3705 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3706 @uref{ftp://ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/current/xemacs-21.1.13.tar.gz} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3707 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3708 More information about XEmacs, including a list of frequently asked |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3709 questions (FAQ), is available at |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3710 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3711 @uref{http://www.xemacs.org/} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3712 |
25474 | 3713 @node Emacs for MS-DOS, Emacs for Windows, Difference between Emacs and XEmacs, Finding Emacs and related packages |
3714 @section Where can I get Emacs for my PC running MS-DOS? | |
3715 @cindex MS-DOS, Emacs for | |
3716 @cindex DOS, Emacs for | |
3717 @cindex Compiling Emacs for DOS | |
3718 @cindex Emacs for MS-DOS | |
3719 @cindex Tools needed to compile Emacs under DOS | |
3720 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3721 A pre-built binary distribution of Emacs is available from the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3722 SimTel.NET archives. This version apparently works under MS-DOS and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3723 Windows (3.X, 9X, ME, NT, and 2000) and supports long file names under |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3724 Windows 9X, Windows ME, and Windows 2000. More information is available |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3725 from |
25474 | 3726 |
3727 @uref{ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/emacs.README} | |
3728 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3729 The binary itself is available in the files @file{em*.zip} in the |
25474 | 3730 directory |
3731 | |
3732 @uref{ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/} | |
3733 | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3734 If you prefer to compile Emacs for yourself, you can do so with the |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3735 current distribution directly. You will need a 386 (or |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3736 better) processor, and to be running MS-DOS 3.0 or later. According to |
25474 | 3737 @email{eliz@@is.elta.co.il, Eli Zaretskii} and |
3738 @email{hankedr@@dms.auburn.edu, Darrel Hankerson}, you will need the | |
3739 following: | |
3740 | |
3741 @table @emph | |
3742 | |
3743 @item Compiler | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3744 DJGPP version 1.12 maint 1 or later. Djgpp 2.0 or later is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3745 recommended, since 1.x is very old an unmaintained. Djgpp 2 supports |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3746 long file names on Windows 9X/ME/2K. |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3747 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3748 You can get the latest release of DJGPP by retrieving all of |
25474 | 3749 the files in |
3750 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3751 @uref{ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2*} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3752 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3753 @item Unpacking program |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3754 The easiest way is to use @code{djtar} which comes with DJGPP v2.x, |
25474 | 3755 because it can open gzip'ed tarfiles (i.e., those ending with |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3756 @file{.tar.gz}) in one step. @code{Djtar} comes in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3757 @file{djdev@var{nnn}.zip} archive (where @var{nnn} is the DJGPP version |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3758 number), from the URL mentioned above. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3759 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3760 @strong{Warning!} Do @strong{not} use the popular WinZip program to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3761 unpack the Emacs distribution! WinZip is known to corrupt some of the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3762 files by converting them to the DOS CR-LF format, it doesn't always |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3763 preserve the directory structure recorded in the compressed Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3764 archive, and commits other atrocities. Some of these problems could |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3765 actually prevent Emacs from building successfully! |
25474 | 3766 |
3767 @item make, mv, sed, and rm | |
3768 All of these utilities are available at | |
3769 | |
3770 @uref{ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu} | |
3771 | |
3772 16-bit utilities can be found in GNUish, at | |
3773 | |
3774 @uref{ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/gnuish} | |
3775 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3776 @noindent |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3777 (@code{mv} and @code{rm} are in the Fileutils package, @code{sed} and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3778 @code{make} are each one in a separate package named after them.) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3779 |
25474 | 3780 @end table |
3781 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3782 The files @file{INSTALL} (near its end) and @file{etc/PROBLEMS} in the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3783 directory of the Emacs sources contains some additional information |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3784 regarding Emacs under MS-DOS. |
25474 | 3785 |
3786 For a list of other MS-DOS implementations of Emacs (and Emacs | |
3787 look-alikes), consult the list of "Emacs implementations and literature," | |
3788 available at | |
3789 | |
3790 @uref{ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.emacs/} | |
3791 | |
3792 Note that while many of these programs look similar to Emacs, they often | |
3793 lack certain features, such as the Emacs Lisp extension language. | |
3794 | |
3795 @node Emacs for Windows, Emacs for OS/2, Emacs for MS-DOS, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3796 @section Where can I get Emacs for Microsoft Windows | |
3797 @cindex FAQ for NT Emacs | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3798 @cindex Emacs for MS-Windows |
25474 | 3799 @cindex Microsoft Windows, Emacs for |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3800 @cindex Windows 9X, ME, NT, 2K, and CE, Emacs for |
25474 | 3801 |
3802 For information on Emacs for Windows 95 and NT, read the FAQ produced by | |
3803 @email{voelker@@cs.washington.edu, Geoff Voelker}, available at | |
3804 | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3805 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html} |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3806 |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3807 @xref{Emacs for MS-DOS}, for Windows 3.1. |
25474 | 3808 |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3809 A port of Emacs 20.7 for Windows CE, based on NTEmacs, is available at |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3810 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3811 @uref{http://www.rainer-keuchel.de/software.html} |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3812 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3813 @noindent |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3814 This port was done by @email{coyxc@@rainer-keuchel.de, Rainer Keuchel}, |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3815 and supports all Emacs features except async subprocesses and menus. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3816 You will need MSVC 6.0 and a Windows CE SDK to build this port. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3817 |
25474 | 3818 @node Emacs for OS/2, Emacs for Atari ST, Emacs for Windows, Finding Emacs and related packages |
3819 @section Where can I get Emacs for my PC running OS/2? | |
3820 @cindex OS/2, Emacs for | |
3821 | |
35061
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3822 Emacs 20.6 is ported for emx on OS/2 2.0 or 2.1, and is available at |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3823 |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3824 @uref{ftp://hobbes.nmsu.edu/pub/os2/apps/editors/emacs/e206*.zip} |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3825 |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3826 @noindent |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3827 and also at |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3828 |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3829 @uref{http://archiv.leo.org/pub/comp/os/os2/leo/gnu/emacs%2d20/} |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3830 |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3831 Instructions for installation, basic setup, and other useful information |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3832 for OS/2 users of Emacs can be found at |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3833 |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3834 @uref{http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~oheiabbd/emacs/emacs206-os2.html} |
25474 | 3835 |
3836 @node Emacs for Atari ST, Emacs for the Amiga , Emacs for OS/2, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3837 @section Where can I get Emacs for my Atari ST? | |
3838 @cindex Atari ST, Emacs for | |
3839 @cindex TOS, Emacs for | |
3840 | |
3841 Roland Schäuble reports that Emacs 18.58 running on plain TOS and MiNT | |
3842 is available at | |
3843 @uref{ftp://atari.archive.umich.edu/Editors/Emacs-18-58/1858b-d3.zoo}. | |
3844 | |
3845 @node Emacs for the Amiga , Emacs for NeXTSTEP, Emacs for Atari ST, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3846 @section Where can I get Emacs for my Amiga? | |
3847 @cindex Amiga, Emacs for | |
3848 | |
3849 The files you need are available at | |
3850 | |
3851 @uref{ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/pub/aminet/util/gnu/} | |
3852 | |
3853 @email{dgilbert@@gamiga.guelphnet.dweomer.org, David Gilbert} has released a | |
3854 beta version of Emacs 19.25 for the Amiga. You can get the binary at | |
3855 | |
3856 @uref{ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/pub/aminet/util/gnu/a2.0bEmacs-bin.lha} | |
3857 | |
3858 @node Emacs for NeXTSTEP, Emacs for Apple computers, Emacs for the Amiga , Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3859 @section Where can I get Emacs for NeXTSTEP? | |
3860 @cindex NeXTSTEP, Emacs for | |
3861 | |
3862 Emacs.app is a NeXTSTEP version of Emacs 19.34 which supports colors, | |
3863 menus, and multiple frames. You can get it from | |
3864 | |
3865 @uref{ftp://next-ftp.peak.org/pub/next/apps/emacs/Emacs_for_NeXTstep.4.20a1.NIHS.b.tar.gz} | |
3866 | |
3867 @node Emacs for Apple computers, Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, Emacs for NeXTSTEP, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3868 @section Where can I get Emacs for my Apple computer? | |
3869 @cindex Apple computers, Emacs for | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3870 @cindex Macintosh, Emacs for |
25474 | 3871 |
3872 An unofficial port of GNU Emacs 18.59 to the Macintosh is available at a | |
3873 number of ftp sites, the home being | |
3874 @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.cornell.edu/pub/parmet/Emacs-1.17.sit.bin}. | |
3875 | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3876 A port of Emacs 20.4 is available at |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3877 @uref{http://www.cs.hku.hk/~choi/emacs/index.html}. |
25474 | 3878 |
34741
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3879 Beginning with version 21.1, the Macintosh is supported in the official |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3880 Emacs distribution; see the files @file{mac/README} and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3881 @file{mac/INSTALL} in the Emacs distribution for build instructions. |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3882 |
25474 | 3883 Apple's forthcoming "OS X" is based largely on NeXTSTEP and OpenStep. |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3884 @xref{Emacs for NeXTSTEP}, for more details about that version. |
25474 | 3885 |
3886 @node Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, Modes for various languages, Emacs for Apple computers, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3887 @section Where do I get Emacs that runs on VMS under DECwindows? | |
3888 @cindex DECwindows, Emacs for | |
3889 @cindex VMS, Emacs for | |
3890 | |
3891 Up-to-date information about GNU software (including Emacs) for VMS is | |
3892 available at @uref{http://vms.gnu.org/}. | |
3893 | |
3894 @node Modes for various languages, Translating names to IP addresses, Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
34741
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3895 @section Where can I get modes for Lex, Yacc/Bison, Bourne shell, csh, C@t{++}, Objective-C, Pascal, Java, and Awk? |
25474 | 3896 @cindex Awk, mode for |
3897 @cindex @code{awk-mode} | |
3898 @cindex Bison, mode for | |
3899 @cindex Bourne Shell, mode for | |
34741
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diff
changeset
|
3900 @cindex C@t{++}, mode for |
25474 | 3901 @cindex Java, mode for |
3902 @cindex Lex mode | |
3903 @cindex Objective-C, mode for | |
3904 @cindex @code{pascal-mode} | |
3905 @cindex Shell mode | |
3906 @cindex Yacc mode | |
3907 @cindex @file{csh} mode | |
3908 @cindex @code{sh-mode} | |
3909 @cindex @code{cc-mode} | |
3910 | |
3911 Most of these modes are now available in standard Emacs distribution. | |
3912 To get additional modes, look in the Lisp Code Directory (@pxref{Finding | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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changeset
|
3913 a package with particular functionality}). For C@t{++}, if you use |
25474 | 3914 @code{lisp-dir-apropos}, you must specify the pattern with something |
34741
13240ff7920b
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3915 like @kbd{M-x lisp-dir-apropos @key{RET} c\+\+ @key{RET}}.@footnote{ |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3916 The backslashes in @samp{\+\+} are required because @kbd{M-x |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3917 lisp-dir-apropos} expects a regular expression as its argument |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3918 (@pxref{Using regular expressions}), and @samp{+} has a special meaning |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3919 in regular expressions.} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3920 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3921 Barry Warsaw's @code{cc-mode} now works for C, C@t{++}, Objective-C, and |
25474 | 3922 Java code. You can get the latest version from the Emacs Lisp Archive; |
3923 @pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs} for details. A FAQ for | |
3924 @code{cc-mode} is available at | |
3925 @uref{http://www.python.org/emacs/cc-mode/}. | |
3926 | |
3927 @node Translating names to IP addresses, , Modes for various languages, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3928 @section What is the IP address of XXX.YYY.ZZZ? | |
3929 @cindex Translating names to IP addresses | |
3930 @cindex IP addresses from names | |
3931 @cindex Using BIND to translate addresses | |
3932 @cindex DNS and IP addresses | |
3933 | |
3934 If you are on a Unix machine, try using the @samp{nslookup} command, | |
3935 included in the Berkeley BIND package. For example, to find the IP | |
3936 address of @samp{ftp.gnu.org}, you would type @code{nslookup | |
3937 ftp.gnu.org}. | |
3938 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3939 Your computer should then provide the IP address of that machine. |
25474 | 3940 |
3941 If your site's nameserver is deficient, you can use IP addresses to FTP | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
3942 files. You can get this information by e-mail: |
25474 | 3943 |
3944 @example | |
3945 To: dns@@[134.214.84.25] (to grasp.insa-lyon.fr) | |
3946 Body: ip XXX.YYY.ZZZ (or "help" for more information | |
3947 and options - no quotes) | |
3948 @end example | |
3949 | |
34741
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Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
3950 @noindent |
25474 | 3951 or: |
3952 | |
3953 @example | |
3954 To: resolve@@[147.31.254.130] (to laverne.cs.widener.edu) | |
3955 Body: site XXX.YYY.ZZZ | |
3956 @end example | |
3957 | |
3958 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
3959 @node Major packages and programs, Key bindings, Finding Emacs and related packages, Top | |
3960 @chapter Major packages and programs | |
3961 @cindex Major packages and programs | |
3962 | |
3963 @menu | |
3964 * VM:: | |
3965 * Supercite:: | |
3966 * Calc:: | |
3967 * VIPER:: | |
3968 * AUC-TeX:: | |
3969 * BBDB:: | |
3970 * Ispell:: | |
3971 * w3-mode:: | |
3972 * EDB:: | |
3973 * Mailcrypt:: | |
3974 * JDE:: | |
3975 * Patch:: | |
3976 @end menu | |
3977 | |
3978 @node VM, Supercite, Major packages and programs, Major packages and programs | |
3979 @section VM (View Mail) --- another mail reader within Emacs, with MIME support | |
3980 @cindex VM | |
3981 @cindex Alternative mail software | |
3982 @cindex View Mail | |
3983 @cindex E-mail reader, VM | |
3984 | |
3985 @table @b | |
3986 | |
3987 @item Author | |
3988 @email{kyle@@uunet.uu.net, Kyle Jones} | |
3989 | |
3990 @item Latest version | |
3991 6.72 | |
3992 | |
3993 @item Distribution | |
3994 @uref{ftp://ftp.wonderworks.com/pub/vm/vm.tar.gz} | |
3995 | |
3996 @item Informational newsgroup/mailing list | |
3997 @uref{news:gnu.emacs.vm.info}@* | |
3998 Subscription requests to @email{info-vm-request@@uunet.uu.net}@* | |
3999 Submissions to @email{info-vm@@uunet.uu.net} | |
4000 | |
4001 @item Bug reports newsgroup/mailing list | |
4002 @uref{news:gnu.emacs.vm.bug}@* | |
4003 Subscription requests to @email{bug-vm-request@@uunet.uu.net}@* | |
4004 Submissions to @email{bug-vm@@uunet.uu.net} | |
4005 @end table | |
4006 | |
4007 VM 6 works with Emacs 20.4, and may cause problems with Emacs 20.3 and | |
34741
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Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4008 below. (But note that many people seem to use Emacs 20.3 with VM 6, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4009 without any problems.) Risk-averse users might wish to try VM 5.97, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4010 available from @uref{ftp://ftp.wonderworks.com/pub/vm/, the same FTP |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4011 site}. |
25474 | 4012 |
4013 @node Supercite, Calc, VM, Major packages and programs | |
4014 @section Supercite --- mail and news citation package within Emacs | |
4015 @cindex Supercite | |
4016 @cindex Superyank | |
4017 @cindex Mail and news citations | |
4018 @cindex News and mail citations | |
4019 @cindex Citations in mail and news | |
4020 | |
4021 @table @b | |
4022 | |
4023 @item Author | |
4024 @email{bwarsaw@@cen.com, Barry Warsaw} | |
4025 | |
4026 @item Latest version | |
34741
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Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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diff
changeset
|
4027 3.54 (comes bundled with Emacs 20) |
25474 | 4028 |
4029 @item Distribution | |
4030 @uref{http://www.python.org/emacs/supercite.tar.gz} | |
4031 | |
4032 @item Mailing list | |
4033 Subscription requests to @email{supercite-request@@python.org}@* | |
4034 Submissions @email{supercite@@python.org} | |
4035 | |
4036 @end table | |
4037 | |
4038 Superyank is an old version of Supercite. | |
4039 | |
4040 @node Calc, VIPER, Supercite, Major packages and programs | |
4041 @section Calc --- poor man's Mathematica within Emacs | |
4042 @cindex Programmable calculator | |
4043 @cindex Calc | |
34741
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Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4044 @cindex Mathematical package |
25474 | 4045 |
4046 @table @b | |
4047 | |
4048 @item Author | |
4049 @email{daveg@@csvax.cs.caltech.edu, Dave Gillespie} | |
4050 | |
4051 @item Latest version | |
4052 2.02f | |
4053 | |
4054 @item Distribution | |
4055 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/calc/calc-2.02f.tar.gz} | |
4056 | |
4057 @end table | |
4058 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4059 Note that Calc 2.02f needs patching to work with Emacs 21 and later. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4060 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4061 @cindex @code{calculator}, a package |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4062 Emacs 21.1 and later comes with a package called @file{calculator.el}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4063 It doesn't support all the mathematical wizardry offered by Calc, such |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4064 as matrices, special functions, and statistics, but is more than |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4065 adequate as a replacement for @code{xcalc} and similar programs. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4066 |
25474 | 4067 @node VIPER, AUC-TeX, Calc, Major packages and programs |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4068 @section VIPER --- @code{vi} emulation for Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4069 @cindex @code{vi} emulation |
25474 | 4070 @cindex VIPER |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4071 @cindex Emulation of @code{vi} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4072 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4073 Since Emacs 19.29, the preferred @code{vi} emulation in Emacs is VIPER |
25474 | 4074 (@kbd{M-x viper-mode @key{RET}}), which comes with Emacs. It extends |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4075 and supersedes VIP (including VIP 4.3) and provides @code{vi} emulation |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4076 at several levels, from one that closely follows @code{vi} to one that |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4077 departs from @code{vi} in several significant ways. |
25474 | 4078 |
4079 For Emacs 19.28 and earlier, the following version of VIP is generally | |
4080 better than the one distributed with Emacs: | |
4081 | |
4082 @table @b | |
4083 @item Author | |
4084 @email{sane@@cs.uiuc.edu, Aamod Sane} | |
4085 | |
4086 @item Latest version | |
4087 4.3 | |
4088 | |
4089 @item Distribution | |
4090 @uref{ftp://archive.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/emacs-lisp/modes/vip-mode.tar.Z} | |
4091 | |
4092 @end table | |
4093 | |
4094 @node AUC-TeX, BBDB, VIPER, Major packages and programs | |
4095 @section AUC TeX --- enhanced LaTeX mode with debugging facilities | |
4096 @cindex Mode for @TeX{} | |
4097 @cindex @TeX{} mode | |
4098 @cindex AUC-TeX mode for editing @TeX{} | |
4099 @cindex Writing and debugging @TeX{} | |
4100 | |
4101 @table @b | |
4102 | |
4103 @item Authors | |
4104 @email{krab@@iesd.auc.dk, Kresten Krab Thorup} and@* | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
4105 @email{abraham@@dina.kvl.dk, Per Abrahamsen} |
25474 | 4106 |
4107 @item Latest version | |
4108 9.9p | |
4109 | |
4110 @item Distribution | |
4111 @uref{ftp://sunsite.auc.dk/packages/auctex/auctex.tar.gz} | |
4112 | |
4113 @item Web site | |
4114 @uref{http://sunsite.auc.dk/auctex/} | |
4115 | |
4116 @item Mailing list: | |
4117 Subscription requests to @email{auc-tex-request@@iesd.auc.dk}@* | |
4118 Submissions to @email{auc-tex@@iesd.auc.dk}@* | |
4119 Development team is at @email{auc-tex_mgr@@iesd.auc.dk} | |
4120 | |
4121 @end table | |
4122 | |
4123 @node BBDB, Ispell, AUC-TeX, Major packages and programs | |
4124 @section BBDB --- personal Info Rolodex integrated with mail/news readers | |
4125 @cindex BBDB | |
4126 @cindex Rolodex-like functionality | |
4127 @cindex Integrated contact database | |
4128 @cindex Contact database | |
4129 @cindex Big Brother Database | |
4130 @cindex Address book | |
4131 | |
4132 @table @b | |
4133 | |
4134 @item Maintainer | |
4135 @email{simmonmt@@acm.org, Matt Simmons} | |
4136 | |
4137 @item Latest version | |
4138 2.00 | |
4139 | |
4140 @item Distribution | |
4141 @uref{http://www.netcom.com/~simmonmt/bbdb/index.html} | |
4142 | |
4143 @item Mailing lists | |
4144 Subscription requests to @email{info-bbdb-request@@xemacs.org}@* | |
4145 Submissions to @email{info-bbdb@@xemacs.org}@* | |
4146 Release announcements: @email{bbdb-announce-request@@xemacs.org} | |
4147 | |
4148 @end table | |
4149 | |
4150 @node Ispell, w3-mode, BBDB, Major packages and programs | |
4151 @section Ispell --- spell checker in C with interface for Emacs | |
4152 @cindex Spell-checker | |
4153 @cindex Checking spelling | |
4154 @cindex Ispell | |
4155 | |
4156 @table @b | |
4157 | |
4158 @item Author | |
4159 @email{geoff@@itcorp.com, Geoff Kuenning} | |
4160 | |
4161 @item Latest version | |
4162 3.1.20 | |
4163 | |
4164 @item Distribution | |
4165 @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/ispell/ispell-3.1.20.tar.gz}@* | |
4166 | |
4167 @item Web site | |
4168 @uref{http://fmg-www.cs.ucla.edu/geoff/ispell.html} | |
4169 | |
4170 @end table | |
4171 | |
4172 @itemize @bullet | |
4173 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
4174 @item |
13240ff7920b
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diff
changeset
|
4175 Do not ask Geoff to send you the latest version of Ispell. He does not |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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diff
changeset
|
4176 have free e-mail. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4177 |
13240ff7920b
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diff
changeset
|
4178 @item |
13240ff7920b
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diff
changeset
|
4179 This Ispell program is distinct from GNU Ispell 4.0. GNU Ispell 4.0 is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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diff
changeset
|
4180 no longer a supported product. |
25474 | 4181 |
4182 @end itemize | |
4183 | |
4184 @node w3-mode, EDB, Ispell, Major packages and programs | |
4185 @section w3-mode --- A World Wide Web browser inside of Emacs | |
4186 @cindex WWW browser | |
4187 @cindex Web browser | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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diff
changeset
|
4188 @cindex HTML browser in Emacs |
25474 | 4189 @cindex @code{w3-mode} |
4190 | |
4191 @table @b | |
4192 | |
4193 @item Author | |
4194 @email{wmperry@@spry.com, Bill Perry} | |
4195 | |
4196 @item Latest version | |
4197 4.0pre.39 | |
4198 | |
4199 @item Distribution | |
4200 @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu/pub/elisp/w3/w3.tar.gz} | |
4201 | |
4202 @item Mailing lists | |
4203 Receive announcements from @email{w3-announce-request@@indiana.edu}@* | |
4204 Become a beta tester at @email{w3-beta-request@@indiana.edu}@* | |
4205 Help to develop @code{w3-mode} at @email{w3-dev@@indiana.edu} | |
4206 | |
4207 @end table | |
4208 | |
4209 @node EDB, Mailcrypt, w3-mode, Major packages and programs | |
4210 @section EDB --- Database program for Emacs; replaces forms editing modes | |
4211 @cindex EDB | |
4212 @cindex Database | |
4213 @cindex Forms mode | |
4214 | |
4215 @table @b | |
4216 @item Author | |
4217 @email{mernst@@theory.lcs.mit.edu, Michael Ernst} | |
4218 | |
4219 @item Latest version | |
4220 1.21 | |
4221 | |
4222 @item Distribution | |
4223 @uref{ftp://theory.lcs.mit.edu/pub/emacs/edb} | |
4224 | |
4225 @end table | |
4226 | |
4227 @node Mailcrypt, JDE, EDB, Major packages and programs | |
4228 @section Mailcrypt --- PGP interface within Emacs mail and news | |
4229 @cindex PGP | |
4230 @cindex GPG | |
4231 @cindex Interface to PGP from Emacs mail and news | |
4232 @cindex News, interface to PGP from | |
4233 @cindex Mail, interface to PGP from | |
4234 @cindex Encryption software, interface to | |
4235 | |
4236 @table @b | |
4237 | |
4238 @item Authors | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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diff
changeset
|
4239 @email{patl@@lcs.mit.edu, Patrick J. LoPresti} and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4240 @email{jin@@atype.com, Jin S. Choi} |
25474 | 4241 |
4242 @item Maintainer | |
4243 @email{lbudney@@pobox.com, Len Budney} | |
4244 | |
4245 @item Latest version | |
4246 3.5.3 | |
4247 | |
4248 @item Distribution | |
4249 @uref{http://www.nb.net/~lbudney/linux/software/mailcrypt/mailcrypt-3.5.3.tar.gz} | |
4250 | |
4251 @item Web site | |
4252 @uref{http://www.nb.net/~lbudney/linux/software/mailcrypt.html} | |
4253 | |
4254 @end table | |
4255 | |
4256 @node JDE, Patch, Mailcrypt, Major packages and programs | |
4257 @section JDE --- Integrated development environment for Java | |
4258 @cindex Java development environment | |
4259 @cindex Integrated Java development environment | |
4260 @cindex JDE | |
4261 | |
4262 @table @b | |
4263 | |
4264 @item Author | |
4265 @email{paulk@@mathworks.com, Paul Kinnucan} | |
4266 | |
4267 @item Mailing list | |
4268 jde-subscribe@@sunsite.auc.dk | |
4269 | |
4270 @item Latest version | |
4271 2.1.1 | |
4272 | |
4273 @item Web site | |
4274 @uref{http://sunsite.auc.dk/jde/} | |
4275 | |
4276 @end table | |
4277 | |
4278 @node Patch, , JDE, Major packages and programs | |
4279 @section Patch --- program to apply "diffs" for updating files | |
4280 @cindex Updating files with diffs | |
4281 @cindex Patching source files with diffs | |
4282 @cindex Diffs and patching | |
4283 @cindex @file{patch} | |
4284 | |
4285 @table @b | |
4286 | |
4287 @item Author | |
4288 @email{lwall@@wall.org, Larry Wall} (with GNU modifications) | |
4289 | |
4290 @item Latest version | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4291 2.5.4 |
25474 | 4292 |
4293 @item Distribution | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
4294 @xref{Current GNU distributions}. |
25474 | 4295 |
4296 @end table | |
4297 | |
4298 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
4299 @node Key bindings, Alternate character sets, Major packages and programs, Top | |
4300 @chapter Key bindings | |
4301 @cindex Key bindings | |
4302 | |
4303 @menu | |
4304 * Binding keys to commands:: | |
4305 * Invalid prefix characters:: | |
4306 * Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun:: | |
4307 * Using function keys under X:: | |
4308 * Working with function and arrow keys:: | |
4309 * X key translations for Emacs:: | |
4310 * Handling C-s and C-q with flow control:: | |
4311 * Binding C-s and C-q:: | |
4312 * Backspace invokes help:: | |
4313 * stty and Backspace key:: | |
4314 * Swapping keys:: | |
4315 * Producing C-XXX with the keyboard:: | |
4316 * No Meta key:: | |
4317 * No Escape key:: | |
4318 * Compose Character:: | |
4319 * Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys:: | |
4320 * Meta key does not work in xterm:: | |
4321 * ExtendChar key does not work as Meta:: | |
4322 @end menu | |
4323 | |
4324 @node Binding keys to commands, Invalid prefix characters, Key bindings, Key bindings | |
4325 @section How do I bind keys (including function keys) to commands? | |
4326 @cindex Binding keys to commands | |
4327 @cindex Keys, binding to commands | |
4328 @cindex Commands, binding keys to | |
4329 | |
4330 Keys can be bound to commands either interactively or in your | |
4331 @file{.emacs} file. To interactively bind keys for all modes, type | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4332 @kbd{M-x global-set-key @key{RET} @var{key} @var{cmd} @key{RET}}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4333 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4334 To bind a key just in the current major mode, type @kbd{M-x |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4335 local-set-key @key{RET} @var{key} @var{cmd} @key{RET}}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4336 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4337 @inforef{Key Bindings, Key Bindings, emacs}, for further details. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4338 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4339 To make the process of binding keys interactively eaiser, use the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4340 following ``trick'': First bind the key interactively, then immediately |
25474 | 4341 type @kbd{C-x @key{ESC} @key{ESC} C-a C-k C-g}. Now, the command needed |
4342 to bind the key is in the kill ring, and can be yanked into your | |
4343 @file{.emacs} file. If the key binding is global, no changes to the | |
4344 command are required. For example, | |
4345 | |
4346 @lisp | |
4347 (global-set-key (quote [f1]) (quote help-for-help)) | |
4348 @end lisp | |
4349 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4350 @noindent |
25474 | 4351 can be placed directly into the @file{.emacs} file. If the key binding is |
4352 local, the command is used in conjunction with the "add-hook" command. | |
4353 For example, in tex-mode, a local binding might be | |
4354 | |
4355 @lisp | |
4356 (add-hook 'tex-mode-hook | |
28344
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4357 (lambda () |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4358 (local-set-key (quote [f1]) (quote help-for-help)))) |
25474 | 4359 @end lisp |
4360 | |
4361 | |
4362 @itemize @bullet | |
4363 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4364 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4365 Control characters in key sequences, in the form yanked from the kill |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4366 ring are given in their graphic form---i.e., @key{CTRL} is shown as |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4367 @samp{^}, @key{TAB} as a set of spaces (usually 8), etc. You may want |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4368 to convert these into their vector or string forms. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4369 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4370 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4371 If a prefix key of the character sequence to be bound is already |
25474 | 4372 bound as a complete key, then you must unbind it before the new |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4373 binding. For example, if @kbd{ESC @{} is previously bound: |
25474 | 4374 |
4375 @lisp | |
4376 (global-unset-key [?\e ?@{]) ;; or | |
4377 (local-unset-key [?\e ?@{]) | |
4378 @end lisp | |
4379 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4380 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4381 Aside from commands and ``lambda lists,'' a vector or string also |
25474 | 4382 can be bound to a key and thus treated as a macro. For example: |
4383 | |
4384 @lisp | |
4385 (global-set-key [f10] [?\C-x?\e?\e?\C-a?\C-k?\C-g]) ;; or | |
4386 (global-set-key [f10] "\C-x\e\e\C-a\C-k\C-g") | |
4387 @end lisp | |
4388 | |
4389 @end itemize | |
4390 | |
4391 @node Invalid prefix characters, Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun, Binding keys to commands, Key bindings | |
4392 @section Why does Emacs say "Key sequence XXX uses invalid prefix characters"? | |
4393 @cindex Prefix characters, invalid | |
4394 @cindex Invalid prefix characters | |
4395 @cindex Misspecified key sequences | |
4396 | |
4397 Usually, one of two things has happened. In one case, the control | |
4398 character in the key sequence has been misspecified (e.g. @samp{C-f} | |
4399 used instead of @samp{\C-f} within a Lisp expression). In the other | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4400 case, a @dfn{prefix key} in the keystroke sequence you were trying to bind |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4401 was already bound as a @dfn{complete key}. Historically, the @samp{ESC [} |
25474 | 4402 prefix was usually the problem, in which case you should evaluate either |
4403 of these forms before attempting to bind the key sequence: | |
4404 | |
4405 @lisp | |
4406 (global-unset-key [?\e ?[]) ;; or | |
4407 (global-unset-key "\e[") | |
4408 @end lisp | |
4409 | |
4410 @node Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun, Using function keys under X, Invalid prefix characters, Key bindings | |
4411 @section Why doesn't this [terminal or window-system setup] code work in my @file{.emacs} file, but it works just fine after Emacs starts up? | |
4412 @cindex Terminal setup code in @file{.emacs} | |
4413 | |
4414 During startup, Emacs initializes itself according to a given code/file | |
4415 order. If some of the code executed in your @file{.emacs} file needs to | |
4416 be postponed until the initial terminal or window-system setup code has | |
4417 been executed but is not, then you will experience this problem (this | |
4418 code/file execution order is not enforced after startup). | |
4419 | |
4420 To postpone the execution of Emacs Lisp code until after terminal or | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4421 window-system setup, treat the code as a @dfn{lambda list} and set the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4422 value of either the @code{term-setup-hook} or @code{window-setup-hook} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4423 variable to this lambda function. For example, |
25474 | 4424 |
4425 @lisp | |
28344
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4426 (add-hook 'term-setup-hook |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4427 (lambda () |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4428 (when (string-match "\\`vt220" (or (getenv "TERM") "")) |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4429 ;; Make vt220's "Do" key behave like M-x: |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4430 (global-set-key [do] 'execute-extended-command)))) |
25474 | 4431 @end lisp |
4432 | |
4433 For information on what Emacs does every time it is started, see the | |
4434 @file{lisp/startup.el} file. | |
4435 | |
4436 @node Using function keys under X, Working with function and arrow keys, Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun, Key bindings | |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35061
diff
changeset
|
4437 @section How do I use function keys under X? |
25474 | 4438 @cindex Function keys |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35061
diff
changeset
|
4439 @cindex X Window System and function keys |
25474 | 4440 @cindex Binding function keys |
4441 | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
4442 With Emacs 19, functions keys under X are bound like any other key. @xref{Binding keys to commands}, for details. |
25474 | 4443 |
4444 @node Working with function and arrow keys, X key translations for Emacs, Using function keys under X, Key bindings | |
4445 @section How do I tell what characters or symbols my function or arrow keys emit? | |
4446 @cindex Working with arrow keys | |
4447 @cindex Arrow keys, symbols generated by | |
4448 @cindex Working with function keys | |
4449 @cindex Function keys, symbols generated by | |
4450 @cindex Symbols generated by function keys | |
4451 | |
4452 Type @kbd{C-h c} then the function or arrow keys. The command will | |
4453 return either a function key symbol or character sequence (see the | |
4454 Emacs on-line documentation for an explanation). This works for other | |
4455 keys as well. | |
4456 | |
4457 @node X key translations for Emacs, Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Working with function and arrow keys, Key bindings | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4458 @section How do I set the X key ``translations'' for Emacs? |
25474 | 4459 @cindex X key translations |
4460 @cindex Key translations under X | |
4461 @cindex Translations for keys under X | |
4462 | |
4463 Emacs is not written using the Xt library by default, so there are no | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4464 ``translations'' to be set. (We aren't sure how to set such translations |
25474 | 4465 if you do build Emacs with Xt; please let us know if you've done this!) |
4466 | |
4467 The only way to affect the behavior of keys within Emacs is through | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4468 @code{xmodmap} (outside Emacs) or @code{define-key} (inside Emacs). The |
25474 | 4469 @code{define-key} command should be used in conjunction with the |
4470 @code{function-key-map} map. For instance, | |
4471 | |
4472 @lisp | |
4473 (define-key function-key-map [M-@key{TAB}] [?\M-\t]) | |
4474 @end lisp | |
4475 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4476 @noindent |
25474 | 4477 defines the @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} key sequence. |
4478 | |
4479 @node Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q, X key translations for Emacs, Key bindings | |
4480 @section How do I handle @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} being used for flow control? | |
4481 @cindex Flow control, @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} with | |
4482 @cindex @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} with flow control | |
4483 | |
4484 @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} are used in the XON/XOFF flow control protocol. | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4485 This messes things up when you're using Emacs over a serial line, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4486 because Emacs binds these keys to commands by default. Because Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4487 won't honor them as flow control characters, too many of these |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4488 characters are not passed on and overwhelm output buffers. Sometimes, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4489 intermediate software using XON/XOFF flow control will prevent Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4490 from ever seeing @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}. |
25474 | 4491 |
4492 Possible solutions: | |
4493 | |
4494 @itemize @bullet | |
4495 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4496 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4497 Disable the use of @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} for flow control. |
25474 | 4498 |
4499 You need to determine the cause of the flow control. | |
4500 | |
4501 @itemize @minus | |
4502 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4503 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4504 your terminal |
25474 | 4505 |
4506 Your terminal may use XON/XOFF flow control to have time to display | |
4507 all the characters it receives. For example, VT series terminals do | |
4508 this. It may be possible to turn this off from a setup menu. For | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4509 example, on a VT220 you may select ``No XOFF'' in the setup menu. This |
25474 | 4510 is also true for some terminal emulation programs on PCs. |
4511 | |
4512 When you turn off flow control at the terminal, you will also need to | |
4513 turn it off at the other end, which might be at the computer you are | |
4514 logged in to or at some terminal server in between. | |
4515 | |
4516 If you turn off flow control, characters may be lost; using a printer | |
4517 connected to the terminal may fail. You may be able to get around | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4518 this problem by modifying the @samp{termcap} entry for your terminal to |
25474 | 4519 include extra NUL padding characters. |
4520 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4521 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4522 a modem |
25474 | 4523 |
4524 If you are using a dialup connection, the modems may be using | |
4525 XON/XOFF flow control. It's not clear how to get around this. | |
4526 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4527 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4528 a router or terminal server |
25474 | 4529 |
4530 Some network box between the terminal and your computer may be using | |
4531 XON/XOFF flow control. It may be possible to make it use some other | |
4532 kind of flow control. You will probably have to ask your local | |
4533 network experts for help with this. | |
4534 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4535 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4536 @code{tty} and/or @code{pty} devices |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4537 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4538 If your connection to Emacs goes through multiple @code{tty} and/or |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4539 @code{pty} devices, they may be using XON/XOFF flow control even when it |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4540 is not necessary. |
25474 | 4541 |
4542 @email{eirik@@theory.tn.cornell.edu, Eirik Fuller} writes: | |
4543 | |
4544 @quotation | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4545 Some versions of @code{rlogin} (and possibly @code{telnet}) do not pass |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4546 flow control characters to the remote system to which they connect. On |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4547 such systems, Emacs on the remote system cannot disable flow control on |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4548 the local system. Sometimes @samp{rlogin -8} will avoid this problem. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4549 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4550 One way to cure this is to disable flow control on the local host (the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4551 one running @code{rlogin}, not the one running @code{rlogind}) using the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4552 @code{stty} command, before starting the @code{rlogin} process. On many |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4553 systems, @samp{stty start u stop u} will do this. |
25474 | 4554 |
4555 Some versions of @samp{tcsh} will prevent even this from working. One | |
4556 way around this is to start another shell before starting rlogin, | |
4557 and issue the @samp{stty} command to disable flow control from that shell. | |
4558 @end quotation | |
4559 | |
4560 Use @samp{stty -ixon} instead of @samp{stty start u stop u} on some systems. | |
4561 | |
4562 @end itemize | |
4563 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4564 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4565 Make Emacs speak the XON/XOFF flow control protocol. |
25474 | 4566 |
4567 You can make Emacs treat @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} as flow control characters by | |
4568 evaluating the form | |
4569 | |
4570 @lisp | |
4571 (enable-flow-control) | |
4572 @end lisp | |
4573 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4574 @noindent |
25474 | 4575 to unconditionally enable flow control or |
4576 | |
4577 @lisp | |
4578 (enable-flow-control-on "vt100" "h19") | |
4579 @end lisp | |
4580 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4581 @noindent |
25474 | 4582 (using your terminal names instead of @samp{vt100} or @samp{h19}) to |
4583 enable selectively. These commands will automatically swap @kbd{C-s} | |
4584 and @kbd{C-q} to @kbd{C-\} and @kbd{C-^}. Variables can be used to | |
4585 change the default swap keys (@code{flow-control-c-s-replacement} and | |
4586 @code{flow-control-c-q-replacement}). | |
4587 | |
4588 If you are fixing this for yourself, simply put the form in your | |
4589 @file{.emacs} file. If you are fixing this for your entire site, the | |
37597
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4590 best place to put it is in the @file{site-lisp/site-start.el} file. |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4591 (Here @file{site-lisp} is actually a subdirectory of your Emacs |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4592 installation directory, typically @file{/usr/local/share/emacs}.) |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4593 Putting this form in @file{site-lisp/default.el} has the problem that |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4594 if the user's @file{.emacs} file has an error, this will prevent |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4595 @file{default.el} from being loaded and Emacs may be unusable for the |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4596 user, even for correcting their @file{.emacs} file (unless they're |
25474 | 4597 smart enough to move it to another name). |
4598 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4599 @code{enable-flow-control} can be invoked interactively as well: |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4600 @kbd{M-x enable-flow-control @key{RET}}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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|
4601 |
25474 | 4602 @end itemize |
4603 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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changeset
|
4604 For further discussion of this issue, read the file @file{etc/PROBLEMS} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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|
4605 (in the Emacs source directory when you unpack the Emacs distribution). |
25474 | 4606 |
4607 @node Binding C-s and C-q, Backspace invokes help, Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Key bindings | |
4608 @section How do I bind @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} (or any key) if these keys are filtered out? | |
4609 @cindex Binding @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} | |
4610 @cindex @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}, binding | |
4611 | |
4612 To bind @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}, use either @code{enable-flow-control} | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4613 or @code{enable-flow-control-on}. @xref{Handling C-s and C-q with flow |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
4614 control}, for usage and implementation details. |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4615 |
37597
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4616 To bind other keys, use @code{keyboard-translate}. @xref{Swapping |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4617 keys}, for usage details. To do this for an entire site, you should |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4618 swap the keys in @file{site-lisp/site-start.el}. @xref{Handling C-s |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4619 and C-q with flow control}, for an explanation of why |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4620 @file{site-lisp/default.el} should not be used. |
25474 | 4621 |
4622 @itemize @bullet | |
4623 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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changeset
|
4624 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4625 If you do this for an entire site, the users will be confused by |
25474 | 4626 the disparity between what the documentation says and how Emacs |
4627 actually behaves. | |
4628 | |
4629 @end itemize | |
4630 | |
4631 @node Backspace invokes help, stty and Backspace key, Binding C-s and C-q, Key bindings | |
4632 @section Why does the @key{Backspace} key invoke help? | |
4633 @cindex Backspace key invokes help | |
4634 @cindex Help invoked by Backspace | |
39502
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(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
4635 @cindex DEL key does not delete |
25474 | 4636 |
4637 The @key{Backspace} key (on most keyboards) generates ASCII code 8. | |
4638 @kbd{C-h} sends the same code. In Emacs by default @kbd{C-h} invokes | |
4639 help-command. This is intended to be easy to remember since the first | |
4640 letter of @samp{help} is @samp{h}. The easiest solution to this problem | |
4641 is to use @kbd{C-h} (and @key{Backspace}) for help and @key{DEL} (the | |
4642 @key{Delete} key) for deleting the previous character. | |
4643 | |
4644 For many people this solution may be problematic: | |
4645 | |
4646 @itemize @bullet | |
4647 | |
4648 @item | |
4649 They normally use @key{Backspace} outside of Emacs for deleting the | |
4650 previous character. This can be solved by making @key{DEL} the command | |
4651 for deleting the previous character outside of Emacs. On many Unix | |
4652 systems, this command will remap @key{DEL}: | |
4653 | |
4654 @example | |
4655 stty erase `^?' | |
4656 @end example | |
4657 | |
4658 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
4659 The user may prefer the @key{Backspace} key for deleting the |
25474 | 4660 previous character because it is more conveniently located on their |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4661 keyboard or because they don't even have a separate @key{Delete} key. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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|
4662 In this case, the @key{Backspace} key should be made to behave like |
25474 | 4663 @key{Delete}. There are several methods. |
4664 | |
39502
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(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
4665 @itemize @minus |
25474 | 4666 @item |
39502
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(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
4667 Some terminals (e.g., VT3## terminals) and terminal emulators (e.g., |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4668 TeraTerm) allow the character generated by the @key{Backspace} key to be |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4669 changed from a setup menu. |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4670 |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
4671 @item |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4672 You may be able to get a keyboard that is completely programmable, or a |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4673 terminal emulator that supports remapping of any key to any other key. |
25474 | 4674 |
4675 @item | |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4676 With Emacs 21.1 and later, you can control the effect of the |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4677 @key{Backspace} and @key{Delete} keys, on both dumb terminals and a |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4678 windowed displays, by customizing the option |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4679 @code{normal-erase-is-backspace-mode}, or by invoking @kbd{M-x |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4680 normal-erase-is-backspace}. See the documentation of these symbols |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4681 (@pxref{Emacs Lisp documentation}) for more info. |
25474 | 4682 |
4683 @item | |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
4684 It is possible to swap the @key{Backspace} and @key{DEL} keys inside |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4685 Emacs: |
25474 | 4686 |
4687 @lisp | |
4688 (keyboard-translate ?\C-h ?\C-?) | |
4689 @end lisp | |
4690 | |
39502
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(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
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|
4691 @noindent |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
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|
4692 This is the recommended method of forcing @key{Backspace} to act as |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
4693 @key{DEL}, because it works even in modes which bind @key{DEL} to |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
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|
4694 something other than @code{delete-backward-char}. |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
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|
4695 |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
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|
4696 Similarly, you could remap @key{DEL} to act as @kbd{C-d}, which by |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
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diff
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|
4697 default deletes forward: |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
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|
4698 |
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|
4699 @lisp |
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(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
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changeset
|
4700 (keyboard-translate ?\C-? ?\C-d) |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
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|
4701 @end lisp |
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|
4702 |
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|
4703 @xref{Swapping keys}, for further details about @code{keyboard-translate}. |
25474 | 4704 |
4705 @item | |
4706 Another approach is to switch key bindings and put help on @kbd{C-x h} | |
4707 instead: | |
4708 | |
4709 @lisp | |
4710 (global-set-key "\C-h" 'delete-backward-char) | |
4711 | |
4712 ;;; overrides mark-whole-buffer | |
4713 (global-set-key "\C-xh" 'help-command) | |
4714 @end lisp | |
4715 | |
39502
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|
4716 @noindent |
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changeset
|
4717 This method is not recommended, though: it only solves the problem for |
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|
4718 those modes which bind @key{DEL} to @code{delete-backward-char}. Modes |
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|
4719 which bind @key{DEL} to something else, such as @code{view-mode}, will |
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|
4720 not work as you expect when you press the @key{Backspace} key. For this |
42674 | 4721 reason, we recommend the @code{keyboard-translate} method, shown |
39502
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4722 above. |
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4723 |
25474 | 4724 Other popular key bindings for help are @kbd{M-?} and @kbd{C-x ?}. |
39502
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4725 @end itemize |
25474 | 4726 |
4727 Don't try to bind @key{DEL} to @code{help-command}, because there are | |
4728 many modes that have local bindings of @key{DEL} that will interfere. | |
4729 | |
4730 @end itemize | |
4731 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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|
4732 When Emacs 21 or later runs on a windowed display, it binds the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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changeset
|
4733 @key{Delete} key to a command which deletes the character at point, to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4734 make Emacs more consistent with keyboard operation on these systems. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4735 |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4736 For more information about troubleshooting this problem, see @ref{DEL |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4737 Does Not Delete, , If @key{DEL} Fails to Delete, emacs, The GNU Emacs |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4738 Manual}. |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4739 |
25474 | 4740 @node stty and Backspace key, Swapping keys, Backspace invokes help, Key bindings |
4741 @section Why doesn't Emacs look at the @file{stty} settings for @key{Backspace} vs. @key{Delete}? | |
4742 @cindex @file{stty} and Emacs | |
4743 @cindex Backspace and @file{stty} | |
4744 @cindex Delete and @file{stty} | |
4745 | |
4746 Good question! | |
4747 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4748 @c FIXME: RMS explained the reasons for this on emacs-hackers. It's |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4749 @c probably worth putting that explanation here. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4750 |
25474 | 4751 @node Swapping keys, Producing C-XXX with the keyboard, stty and Backspace key, Key bindings |
4752 @section How do I swap two keys? | |
4753 @cindex Swapping keys | |
4754 @cindex Keys, swapping | |
4755 @cindex @code{keyboard-translate} | |
4756 | |
4757 In Emacs 19, you can swap two keys (or key sequences) by using the | |
4758 @code{keyboard-translate} function. For example, to turn @kbd{C-h} into | |
4759 @key{DEL} and @key{DEL} to @kbd{C-h}, use | |
4760 | |
4761 @lisp | |
4762 (keyboard-translate ?\C-h ?\C-?) ; translate `C-h' to DEL | |
4763 (keyboard-translate ?\C-? ?\C-h) ; translate DEL to `C-h'. | |
4764 @end lisp | |
4765 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4766 @noindent |
25474 | 4767 The first key sequence of the pair after the function identifies what is |
4768 produced by the keyboard; the second, what is matched for in the | |
4769 keymaps. | |
4770 | |
4771 Keyboard translations are not the same as key bindings in keymaps. | |
4772 Emacs contains numerous keymaps that apply in different situations, but | |
4773 there is only one set of keyboard translations, and it applies to every | |
4774 character that Emacs reads from the terminal. Keyboard translations | |
4775 take place at the lowest level of input processing; the keys that are | |
4776 looked up in keymaps contain the characters that result from keyboard | |
4777 translation. | |
4778 | |
4779 @inforef{Keyboard Translations, Keyboard Translations, emacs}. | |
4780 | |
4781 @node Producing C-XXX with the keyboard, No Meta key, Swapping keys, Key bindings | |
4782 @section How do I produce C-XXX with my keyboard? | |
4783 @cindex Producing control characters | |
4784 @cindex Generating control characters | |
4785 @cindex Control characters, generating | |
4786 | |
4787 On terminals (but not under X), some common "aliases" are: | |
4788 | |
4789 @table @asis | |
4790 | |
4791 @item @kbd{C-2} or @kbd{C-@key{SPC}} | |
4792 @kbd{C-@@} | |
4793 | |
4794 @item @kbd{C-6} | |
4795 @kbd{C-^} | |
4796 | |
4797 @item @kbd{C-7} or @kbd{C-S--} | |
4798 @kbd{C-_} | |
4799 | |
4800 @item @kbd{C-4} | |
4801 @kbd{C-\} | |
4802 | |
4803 @item @kbd{C-5} | |
4804 @kbd{C-]} | |
4805 | |
4806 @item @kbd{C-/} | |
4807 @kbd{C-?} | |
4808 | |
4809 @end table | |
4810 | |
4811 Often other aliases exist; use the @kbd{C-h c} command and try | |
4812 @key{CTRL} with all of the digits on your keyboard to see what gets | |
4813 generated. You can also try the @kbd{C-h w} command if you know the | |
4814 name of the command. | |
4815 | |
4816 @node No Meta key, No Escape key, Producing C-XXX with the keyboard, Key bindings | |
4817 @section What if I don't have a @key{Meta} key? | |
4818 @cindex No @key{Meta} key | |
4819 @cindex @key{Meta} key, what to do if you lack it | |
4820 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4821 On many keyboards, the @key{Alt} key acts as @key{Meta}, so try it. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4822 |
25474 | 4823 Instead of typing @kbd{M-a}, you can type @kbd{@key{ESC} a}. In fact, |
4824 Emacs converts @kbd{M-a} internally into @kbd{@key{ESC} a} anyway | |
4825 (depending on the value of @code{meta-prefix-char}). Note that you | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4826 press @key{Meta} and @key{a} together, but with @key{ESC}, you press |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4827 @key{ESC}, release it, and then press @key{a}. |
25474 | 4828 |
4829 @node No Escape key, Compose Character, No Meta key, Key bindings | |
4830 @section What if I don't have an @key{Escape} key? | |
4831 @cindex No Escape key | |
4832 @cindex Lacking an Escape key | |
4833 @cindex Escape key, lacking | |
4834 | |
4835 Type @kbd{C-[} instead. This should send ASCII code 27 just like an | |
4836 Escape key would. @kbd{C-3} may also work on some terminal (but not | |
4837 under X). For many terminals (notably DEC terminals) @key{F11} | |
4838 generates @key{ESC}. If not, the following form can be used to bind it: | |
4839 | |
4840 @lisp | |
4841 ;;; F11 is the documented ESC replacement on DEC terminals. | |
4842 (define-key function-key-map [f11] [?\e]) | |
4843 @end lisp | |
4844 | |
4845 @node Compose Character, Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys, No Escape key, Key bindings | |
4846 @section Can I make my @key{Compose Character} key behave like a @key{Meta} key? | |
4847 @cindex @key{Compose Character} key, using as @key{Meta} | |
4848 @cindex @key{Meta}, using @key{Compose Character} for | |
4849 | |
4850 On a dumb terminal such as a VT220, no. It is rumored that certain | |
4851 VT220 clones could have their @key{Compose} key configured this way. If | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4852 you're using X, you might be able to do this with the @code{xmodmap} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4853 command. |
25474 | 4854 |
4855 @node Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys, Meta key does not work in xterm, Compose Character, Key bindings | |
4856 @section How do I bind a combination of modifier key and function key? | |
4857 @cindex Modifiers and function keys | |
4858 @cindex Function keys and modifiers | |
4859 @cindex Binding modifiers and function keys | |
4860 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4861 With Emacs 19 and later, you can represent modified function keys in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4862 vector format by adding prefixes to the function key symbol. For |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4863 example (from the on-line documentation): |
25474 | 4864 |
4865 @lisp | |
4866 (global-set-key [?\C-x right] 'forward-page) | |
4867 @end lisp | |
4868 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4869 @noindent |
25474 | 4870 where @samp{?\C-x} is the Lisp character constant for the character @kbd{C-x}. |
4871 | |
4872 You can use the modifier keys @key{Control}, @key{Meta}, @key{Hyper}, | |
4873 @key{Super}, @key{Alt}, and @key{Shift} with function keys. To | |
4874 represent these modifiers, prepend the strings @samp{C-}, @samp{M-}, | |
4875 @samp{H-}, @samp{s-}, @samp{A-}, and @samp{S-} to the symbol name. Here | |
4876 is how to make @kbd{H-M-RIGHT} move forward a word: | |
4877 | |
4878 @lisp | |
4879 (global-set-key [H-M-right] 'forward-word) | |
4880 @end lisp | |
4881 | |
4882 @itemize @bullet | |
4883 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4884 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4885 Not all modifiers are permitted in all situations. @key{Hyper}, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4886 @key{Super}, and @key{Alt} are not available on Unix character |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4887 terminals. Non-ASCII keys and mouse events (e.g. @kbd{C-=} and |
36515
9df3f07f2643
Fix case convention for mouse click.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36383
diff
changeset
|
4888 @kbd{Mouse-1}) also fall under this category. |
25474 | 4889 |
4890 @end itemize | |
4891 | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
4892 @xref{Binding keys to commands}, for general key binding instructions. |
25474 | 4893 |
4894 @node Meta key does not work in xterm, ExtendChar key does not work as Meta, Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys, Key bindings | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4895 @section Why doesn't my @key{Meta} key work in an @code{xterm} window? |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4896 @cindex @key{Meta} key and @code{xterm} |
25474 | 4897 @cindex Xterm and @key{Meta} key |
4898 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4899 @inforef{Single-Byte Character Support, Single-Byte Character Set |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4900 Support, emacs}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4901 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4902 If the advice in the Emacs manual fails, try all of these methods before |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4903 asking for further help: |
25474 | 4904 |
4905 @itemize @bullet | |
4906 | |
4907 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4908 You may have big problems using @code{mwm} as your window manager. |
25474 | 4909 (Does anyone know a good generic solution to allow the use of the |
4910 @key{Meta} key in Emacs with @file{mwm}?) | |
4911 | |
4912 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4913 For X11: Make sure it really is a @key{Meta} key. Use @code{xev} to |
25474 | 4914 find out what keysym your @key{Meta} key generates. It should be either |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
4915 @code{Meta_L} or @code{Meta_R}. If it isn't, use @file{xmodmap} to fix |
39551
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4916 the situation. If @key{Meta} does generate @code{Meta_L} or |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4917 @code{Meta_R}, but @kbd{M-x} produces a non-ASCII character, put this in |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4918 your @file{~/.Xdefaults} file: |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4919 |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4920 @example |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4921 XTerm*eightBitInput: false |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4922 XTerm*eightBitOutput: true |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4923 @end example |
25474 | 4924 |
4925 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4926 Make sure the @code{pty} the @code{xterm} is using is passing 8 bit |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4927 characters. @samp{stty -a} (or @samp{stty everything}) should show |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4928 @samp{cs8} somewhere. If it shows @samp{cs7} instead, use @samp{stty |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4929 cs8 -istrip} (or @samp{stty pass8}) to fix it. |
25474 | 4930 |
4931 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4932 If there is an @code{rlogin} connection between @code{xterm} and Emacs, the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4933 @samp{-8} argument may need to be given to rlogin to make it pass all 8 bits |
25474 | 4934 of every character. |
4935 | |
4936 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4937 If Emacs is running on Ultrix, it is reported that evaluating |
25474 | 4938 @code{(set-input-mode t nil)} helps. |
4939 | |
4940 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4941 If all else fails, you can make @code{xterm} generate @kbd{@key{ESC} W} when |
25474 | 4942 you type @kbd{M-W}, which is the same conversion Emacs would make if it |
4943 got the @kbd{M-W} anyway. In X11R4, the following resource | |
4944 specification will do this: | |
4945 | |
4946 @example | |
4947 XTerm.VT100.EightBitInput: false | |
4948 @end example | |
4949 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4950 @noindent |
25474 | 4951 (This changes the behavior of the @code{insert-eight-bit} action.) |
4952 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4953 With older @code{xterm}s, you can specify this behavior with a translation: |
25474 | 4954 |
4955 @example | |
4956 XTerm.VT100.Translations: #override \ | |
4957 Meta<KeyPress>: string(0x1b) insert() | |
4958 @end example | |
4959 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4960 @noindent |
25474 | 4961 You might have to replace @samp{Meta} with @samp{Alt}. |
4962 | |
4963 @end itemize | |
4964 | |
4965 @node ExtendChar key does not work as Meta, , Meta key does not work in xterm, Key bindings | |
4966 @section Why doesn't my @key{ExtendChar} key work as a @key{Meta} key under HP-UX 8.0 and 9.x? | |
4967 @cindex @key{ExtendChar} key as @key{Meta} | |
4968 @cindex @key{Meta}, using @key{ExtendChar} for | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4969 @cindex HP-UX, the @key{ExtendChar} key |
25474 | 4970 |
4971 This is a result of an internationalization extension in X11R4 and the | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4972 fact that HP is now using this extension. Emacs assumes that the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4973 @code{XLookupString} function returns the same result regardless of the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4974 @key{Meta} key state which is no longer necessarily true. Until Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4975 is fixed, the temporary kludge is to run this command after each time |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4976 the X server is started but preferably before any xterm clients are: |
25474 | 4977 |
4978 @example | |
4979 xmodmap -e 'remove mod1 = Mode_switch' | |
4980 @end example | |
4981 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4982 @c FIXME: Emacs 21 supports I18N in X11; does that mean that this bug is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4983 @c solved? |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4984 |
25474 | 4985 This will disable the use of the extra keysyms systemwide, which may be |
4986 undesirable if you actually intend to use them. | |
4987 | |
4988 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
4989 @node Alternate character sets, Mail and news, Key bindings, Top | |
4990 @chapter Alternate character sets | |
4991 @cindex Alternate character sets | |
4992 | |
4993 @menu | |
4994 * Emacs does not display 8-bit characters:: | |
4995 * Inputting eight-bit characters:: | |
4996 * Kanji and Chinese characters:: | |
4997 * Right-to-left alphabets:: | |
4998 @end menu | |
4999 | |
5000 @node Emacs does not display 8-bit characters, Inputting eight-bit characters, Alternate character sets, Alternate character sets | |
5001 @section How do I make Emacs display 8-bit characters? | |
5002 @cindex Displaying eight-bit characters | |
5003 @cindex Eight-bit characters, displaying | |
5004 | |
34741
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5005 @inforef{Single-Byte Character Support, Single-byte Character Set |
36842
654b53bab583
Change "character terminal" to "text-only terminal".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36515
diff
changeset
|
5006 Support, emacs}. On a Unix, when Emacs runs on a text-only terminal |
34741
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5007 display or is invoked with @samp{emacs -nw}, you typically need to use |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5008 @code{set-terminal-coding-system} to tell Emacs what the terminal can |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5009 display, even after setting the language environment; otherwise |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5010 non-ASCII characters will display as @samp{?}. On other operating |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5011 systems, such as MS-DOS and MS-Windows, Emacs queries the OS about the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5012 character set supported by the display, and sets up the required |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5013 terminal coding system automatically. |
25474 | 5014 |
5015 @node Inputting eight-bit characters, Kanji and Chinese characters, Emacs does not display 8-bit characters, Alternate character sets | |
5016 @section How do I input eight-bit characters? | |
5017 @cindex Entering eight-bit characters | |
5018 @cindex Eight-bit characters, entering | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5019 @cindex Input, 8-bit characters |
25474 | 5020 |
28127 | 5021 Various methods are available for input of eight-bit characters. See |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5022 @inforef{Single-Byte Character Support, Single-byte Character Set |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5023 Support, emacs}. For more sophisticated methods, @inforef{Input |
28127 | 5024 Methods, Input Methods, emacs}. |
25474 | 5025 |
5026 @node Kanji and Chinese characters, Right-to-left alphabets, Inputting eight-bit characters, Alternate character sets | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5027 @section Where can I get an Emacs that handles kanji, Chinese, or other Far-Eastern character sets? |
25474 | 5028 @cindex Kanji, handling with Emacs |
5029 @cindex Chinese, handling with Emacs | |
5030 @cindex Japanese, handling with Emacs | |
5031 @cindex Korean, handling with Emacs | |
5032 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5033 Emacs 20 and later includes many of the features of MULE, the MULtilingual |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5034 Enhancement to Emacs. @xref{Installing Emacs}, for information on where |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5035 to find and download the latest version of Emacs. |
25474 | 5036 |
5037 @node Right-to-left alphabets, , Kanji and Chinese characters, Alternate character sets | |
5038 @section Where is an Emacs that can handle Semitic (right-to-left) alphabets? | |
5039 @cindex Right-to-left alphabets | |
5040 @cindex Hebrew, handling with Emacs | |
5041 @cindex Semitic alphabets | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5042 @cindex Arabic alphabets |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5043 |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5044 Emacs 20 and later supports Hebrew characters (ISO 8859-8), but does not |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5045 yet support right-to-left character entry and display. |
25474 | 5046 |
5047 @email{joel@@exc.com, Joel M. Hoffman} has written a Lisp package called | |
5048 @file{hebrew.el} that allows right-to-left editing of Hebrew. It | |
5049 reportedly works out of the box with Emacs 19, but requires patches for | |
5050 Emacs 18. Write to Joel if you want the patches or package. | |
5051 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5052 @c FIXME: Should we mention Ehud Karni's package? |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5053 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5054 @file{hebrew.el} requires a Hebrew screen font, but no other hardware support. |
36515
9df3f07f2643
Fix case convention for mouse click.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36383
diff
changeset
|
5055 Joel has a screen font for PCs running MS-DOS or GNU/Linux. |
25474 | 5056 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5057 You might also try to query archie for files named with @file{hebrew}; |
25474 | 5058 several ftp sites in Israel may also have the necessary files. |
5059 | |
5060 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
5061 @node Mail and news, Concept index, Alternate character sets, Top | |
5062 @chapter Mail and news | |
5063 @cindex Mail and news | |
5064 | |
5065 @menu | |
5066 * Changing the included text prefix:: | |
5067 * Saving a copy of outgoing mail:: | |
5068 * Expanding aliases when sending mail:: | |
5069 * Rmail thinks all messages are one big one:: | |
5070 * Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder:: | |
5071 * Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail:: | |
5072 * Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them:: | |
5073 * Replying to the sender of a message:: | |
5074 * MIME with Emacs mail packages:: | |
5075 * Automatically starting a mail or news reader:: | |
5076 * Reading news with Emacs:: | |
5077 * Gnus does not work with NNTP:: | |
5078 * Viewing articles with embedded underlining:: | |
5079 * Saving a multi-part Gnus posting:: | |
5080 * Starting Gnus faster:: | |
5081 * Catching up in all newsgroups:: | |
5082 * Killing based on nonstandard headers:: | |
5083 * Removing flashing messages:: | |
5084 * Catch-up is slow in Gnus:: | |
5085 * Gnus hangs for a long time:: | |
5086 * Learning more about Gnus:: | |
5087 @end menu | |
5088 | |
5089 @node Changing the included text prefix, Saving a copy of outgoing mail, Mail and news, Mail and news | |
5090 @section How do I change the included text prefix in mail/news followups? | |
5091 @cindex Prefix in mail/news followups, changing | |
5092 @cindex Included text prefix, changing | |
5093 @cindex Setting the included text character | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5094 @cindex Quoting in mail messages |
25474 | 5095 |
5096 If you read mail with Rmail or news with Gnus, set the variable | |
5097 @code{mail-yank-prefix}. For VM, set @code{vm-included-text-prefix}. | |
5098 For mh-e, set @code{mh-ins-buf-prefix}. | |
5099 | |
5100 For fancier control of citations, use Supercite. @xref{Supercite}. | |
5101 | |
5102 To prevent Emacs from including various headers of the replied-to | |
5103 message, set the value of @code{mail-yank-ignored-headers} to an | |
5104 appropriate regexp. | |
5105 | |
5106 @node Saving a copy of outgoing mail, Expanding aliases when sending mail, Changing the included text prefix, Mail and news | |
5107 @section How do I save a copy of outgoing mail? | |
5108 @cindex Saving a copy of outgoing mail | |
5109 @cindex Copying outgoing mail to a file | |
5110 @cindex Filing outgoing mail | |
5111 @cindex Automatic filing of outgoing mail | |
5112 @cindex Mail, saving outgoing automatically | |
5113 | |
5114 You can either mail yourself a copy by including a @samp{BCC} header in the | |
5115 mail message, or store a copy of the message directly to a file by | |
5116 including an @samp{FCC} header. | |
5117 | |
5118 If you use standard mail, you can automatically create a @samp{BCC} to | |
5119 yourself by putting | |
5120 | |
5121 @lisp | |
5122 (setq mail-self-blind t) | |
5123 @end lisp | |
5124 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5125 @noindent |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5126 in your @file{.emacs} file. You can automatically include an @samp{FCC} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5127 field by putting something like the following in your @file{.emacs} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5128 file: |
25474 | 5129 |
5130 @lisp | |
5131 (setq mail-archive-file-name (expand-file-name "~/outgoing")) | |
5132 @end lisp | |
5133 | |
5134 The output file will be in Unix mail format, which can be read directly | |
5135 by VM, but not always by Rmail. @xref{Learning how to do something}. | |
5136 | |
5137 If you use @code{mh-e}, add an @samp{FCC} or @samp{BCC} field to your | |
5138 components file. | |
5139 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5140 It does not work to put @samp{set record filename} in the @file{.mailrc} |
25474 | 5141 file. |
5142 | |
5143 @node Expanding aliases when sending mail, Rmail thinks all messages are one big one, Saving a copy of outgoing mail, Mail and news | |
5144 @section Why doesn't Emacs expand my aliases when sending mail? | |
5145 @cindex Expanding aliases when sending mail | |
5146 @cindex Mail alias expansion | |
5147 @cindex Sending mail with aliases | |
5148 | |
5149 @itemize @bullet | |
5150 | |
5151 @item | |
5152 You must separate multiple addresses in the headers of the mail buffer | |
5153 with commas. This is because Emacs supports RFC822 standard addresses | |
5154 like this one: | |
5155 | |
5156 @example | |
5157 To: Willy Smith <wks@@xpnsv.lwyrs.com> | |
5158 @end example | |
5159 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5160 However, you do not need to---and probably should not, unless your |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5161 system's version of @file{/usr/ucb/mail} (a.k.a.@: @code{mailx}) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5162 supports RFC822---separate addresses with commas in your |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5163 @file{~/.mailrc} file. |
25474 | 5164 |
5165 @item | |
5166 Emacs normally only reads the @file{.mailrc} file once per session, | |
5167 when you start to compose your first mail message. If you edit | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5168 @file{.mailrc}, you can type @kbd{M-x rebuild-mail-abbrevs @key{RET}} to |
25474 | 5169 make Emacs reread @file{~/.mailrc}. |
5170 | |
5171 @item | |
5172 If you like, you can expand mail aliases as abbrevs, as soon as you | |
5173 type them in. To enable this feature, execute the following: | |
5174 | |
5175 @lisp | |
34922 | 5176 (add-hook 'mail-mode-hook 'mail-abbrevs-setup) |
25474 | 5177 @end lisp |
5178 | |
5179 Note that the aliases are expanded automatically only after you type | |
5180 @key{RET} or a punctuation character (e.g. @kbd{,}). You can force their | |
5181 expansion by moving point to the end of the alias and typing @kbd{C-x a e} | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5182 (@kbd{M-x expand-abbrev}). |
25474 | 5183 @end itemize |
5184 | |
5185 @node Rmail thinks all messages are one big one, Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder, Expanding aliases when sending mail, Mail and news | |
5186 @section Why does Rmail think all my saved messages are one big message? | |
5187 @cindex Rmail thinks all messages are one large message | |
5188 | |
5189 A file created through the @samp{FCC} field in a message is in Unix mail | |
5190 format, not the format that Rmail uses (BABYL format). Rmail will try | |
5191 to convert a Unix mail file into BABYL format on input, but sometimes it | |
5192 makes errors. For guaranteed safety, you can make the | |
5193 @file{saved-messages} file be an inbox for your Rmail file by using the | |
5194 function @code{set-rmail-inbox-list}. | |
5195 | |
5196 @node Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder, Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail, Rmail thinks all messages are one big one, Mail and news | |
5197 @section How can I sort the messages in my Rmail folder? | |
5198 @cindex Rmail, sorting messages in | |
5199 @cindex Folder, sorting messages in an Rmail | |
5200 @cindex Sorting messages in an Rmail folder | |
5201 | |
5202 In Rmail, type @kbd{C-c C-s C-h} to get a list of sorting functions | |
5203 and their key bindings. | |
5204 | |
5205 @node Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail, Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them, Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder, Mail and news | |
5206 @section Why does Rmail need to write to @file{/usr/spool/mail}? | |
5207 @cindex Rmail and @file{/usr/spool/mail} | |
5208 @cindex @file{/usr/spool/mail} and Rmail | |
5209 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5210 This is the behavior of the @code{movemail} program which Rmail uses. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5211 This indicates that @code{movemail} is configured to use lock files. |
25474 | 5212 |
5213 RMS writes: | |
5214 | |
5215 @quotation | |
5216 Certain systems require lock files to interlock access to mail files. | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5217 On these systems, @code{movemail} must write lock files, or you risk losing |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5218 mail. You simply must arrange to let @code{movemail} write them. |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5219 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5220 Other systems use the @code{flock} system call to interlock access. On |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
5221 these systems, you should configure @code{movemail} to use @code{flock}. |
25474 | 5222 @end quotation |
5223 | |
5224 @node Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them, Replying to the sender of a message, Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail, Mail and news | |
5225 @section How do I recover my mail files after Rmail munges their format? | |
5226 @cindex Recovering munged mail files | |
5227 @cindex Rmail munged my files | |
5228 @cindex Mail files, recovering those munged by Rmail | |
5229 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5230 If you have just done @kbd{M-x rmail-input} on a file and you don't want |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5231 to save it in Rmail's format (called BABYL), just kill the buffer (with |
25474 | 5232 @kbd{C-x k}). |
5233 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
5234 @cindex Exporting messages as Unix mail files |
25474 | 5235 If you typed @kbd{M-x rmail} and it read some messages out of your inbox |
5236 and you want to put them in a Unix mail file, use @kbd{C-o} on each | |
5237 message. | |
5238 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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changeset
|
5239 @cindex Converting from BABYL to Unix mail format |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5240 @cindex @code{unrmail} command |
25474 | 5241 If you want to convert an existing file from BABYL format to Unix mail |
5242 format, use the command @kbd{M-x unrmail}: it will prompt you for the | |
5243 input and output file names. | |
5244 | |
39304
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
5245 @pindex b2m |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
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diff
changeset
|
5246 Alternatively, you could use the @code{b2m} program supplied with |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5247 Emacs. @code{b2m} is a filter, and is used like this: |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
5248 |
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(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
5249 @example |
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(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
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changeset
|
5250 b2m < @var{babyl-file} > @var{mbox-file} |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
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|
5251 @end example |
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diff
changeset
|
5252 |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
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diff
changeset
|
5253 @noindent |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
5254 where @var{babyl-file} is the name of the BABYL file, and |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
5255 @var{mbox-file} is the name of the file where the converted mail will |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
5256 be written. |
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(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
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|
5257 |
25474 | 5258 @node Replying to the sender of a message, MIME with Emacs mail packages, Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them, Mail and news |
5259 @section How can I force Rmail to reply to the sender of a message, but not the other recipients? | |
5260 @cindex Replying only to the sender of a message | |
5261 @cindex Sender, replying only to | |
5262 @cindex Rmail, replying to the sender of a message in | |
5263 | |
5264 @email{isaacson@@seas.upenn.edu, Ron Isaacson} says: When you hit | |
5265 @key{r} to reply in Rmail, by default it CCs all of the original | |
5266 recipients (everyone on the original @samp{To} and @samp{CC} | |
5267 lists). With a prefix argument (i.e., typing @kbd{C-u} before @key{r}), | |
5268 it replies only to the sender. However, going through the whole | |
5269 @kbd{C-u} business every time you want to reply is a pain. This is the | |
5270 best fix I've been able to come up with: | |
5271 | |
5272 @lisp | |
5273 (defun rmail-reply-t () | |
5274 "Reply only to the sender of the current message. (See rmail-reply.)" | |
5275 (interactive) | |
5276 (rmail-reply t)) | |
5277 | |
5278 (add-hook 'rmail-mode-hook | |
34151
33df9c2e70bf
Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
30692
diff
changeset
|
5279 (lambda () |
33df9c2e70bf
Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
30692
diff
changeset
|
5280 (define-key rmail-mode-map "r" 'rmail-reply-t) |
33df9c2e70bf
Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
30692
diff
changeset
|
5281 (define-key rmail-mode-map "R" 'rmail-reply))) |
25474 | 5282 @end lisp |
5283 | |
5284 @node MIME with Emacs mail packages, Automatically starting a mail or news reader, Replying to the sender of a message, Mail and news | |
5285 @section How can I get my favorite Emacs mail package to support MIME? | |
5286 @cindex MIME and Emacs mail packages | |
5287 @cindex Mail packages and MIME | |
5288 @cindex FAQ for MIME and Emacs | |
5289 | |
5290 Read the Emacs MIME FAQ, maintained by @email{trey@@cs.berkeley.edu, | |
5291 MacDonald Hall Jackson} at | |
5292 | |
5293 @uref{http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/~trey/emacs/mime.html} | |
5294 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5295 Version 6.x of VM supports MIME. @xref{VM}. Gnus supports MIME in mail |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5296 and news messages as of version 5.8.1 (Pterodactyl). Rmail has limited |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5297 support for single-part MIME messages beginning with Emacs 20.3. |
25474 | 5298 |
5299 @node Automatically starting a mail or news reader, Reading news with Emacs, MIME with Emacs mail packages, Mail and news | |
5300 @section How do I make Emacs automatically start my mail/news reader? | |
5301 @cindex Mail reader, starting automatically | |
5302 @cindex News reader, starting automatically | |
5303 @cindex Starting mail/news reader automatically | |
5304 | |
5305 To start Emacs in Gnus: | |
5306 | |
5307 @example | |
5308 emacs -f gnus | |
5309 @end example | |
5310 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5311 @noindent |
25474 | 5312 in Rmail: |
5313 | |
5314 @example | |
5315 emacs -f rmail | |
5316 @end example | |
5317 | |
5318 A more convenient way to start with Gnus: | |
5319 | |
5320 @example | |
5321 alias gnus 'emacs -f gnus' | |
5322 gnus | |
5323 @end example | |
5324 | |
5325 It is probably unwise to automatically start your mail or news reader | |
5326 from your @file{.emacs} file. This would cause problems if you needed to run | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5327 two copies of Emacs at the same time. Also, this would make it difficult for |
25474 | 5328 you to start Emacs quickly when you needed to. |
5329 | |
5330 @node Reading news with Emacs, Gnus does not work with NNTP, Automatically starting a mail or news reader, Mail and news | |
5331 @section How do I read news under Emacs? | |
5332 @cindex Reading news under Emacs | |
5333 @cindex Usenet reader in Emacs | |
5334 @cindex Gnus newsreader | |
5335 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5336 Use @kbd{M-x gnus}. It is documented in Info (@pxref{Learning how to do |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5337 something}). |
25474 | 5338 |
5339 @node Gnus does not work with NNTP, Viewing articles with embedded underlining, Reading news with Emacs, Mail and news | |
5340 @section Why doesn't Gnus work via NNTP? | |
5341 @cindex Gnus and NNTP | |
5342 @cindex NNTP, Gnus fails to work with | |
5343 | |
5344 There is a bug in NNTP version 1.5.10, such that when multiple requests | |
5345 are sent to the NNTP server, the server only handles the first one | |
5346 before blocking waiting for more input which never comes. NNTP version | |
5347 1.5.11 claims to fix this. | |
5348 | |
5349 You can work around the bug inside Emacs like this: | |
5350 | |
5351 @lisp | |
5352 (setq nntp-maximum-request 1) | |
5353 @end lisp | |
5354 | |
5355 You can find out what version of NNTP your news server is running by | |
5356 telnetting to the NNTP port (usually 119) on the news server machine | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5357 (i.e., @kbd{telnet server-machine 119}). The server should give its |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5358 version number in the welcome message. Type @kbd{quit} to get out. |
25474 | 5359 |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
5360 @xref{Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode}, for some additional ideas. |
25474 | 5361 |
5362 @node Viewing articles with embedded underlining, Saving a multi-part Gnus posting, Gnus does not work with NNTP, Mail and news | |
5363 @section How do I view news articles with embedded underlining (e.g., ClariNews)? | |
5364 @cindex Underlining, embedded in news articles | |
5365 @cindex News articles with embedded underlining | |
5366 @cindex Embedded underlining in news articles | |
5367 | |
5368 Underlining appears like this: | |
5369 | |
5370 @example | |
5371 _^Hu_^Hn_^Hd_^He_^Hr_^Hl_^Hi_^Hn_^Hi_^Hn_^Hg | |
5372 @end example | |
5373 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5374 @email{abraham@@dina.kvl.dk, Per Abrahamsen} suggests using the following |
25474 | 5375 code, which uses the underline face to turn such text into true |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5376 underlining, inconjunction with Gnus: |
25474 | 5377 |
5378 @lisp | |
5379 (defun gnus-article-prepare-overstrike () | |
5380 ;; Prepare article for overstrike commands. | |
5381 (save-excursion | |
5382 (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer) | |
5383 (let ((buffer-read-only nil)) | |
5384 (goto-char (point-min)) | |
5385 (while (search-forward "\b" nil t) | |
5386 (let ((next (following-char)) | |
5387 (previous (char-after (- (point) 2)))) | |
5388 (cond ((eq next previous) | |
5389 (delete-region (- (point) 2) (point)) | |
5390 (put-text-property (point) (1+ (point)) | |
5391 'face 'bold)) | |
5392 ((eq next ?_) | |
5393 (delete-region (1- (point)) (1+ (point))) | |
5394 (put-text-property (1- (point)) (point) | |
5395 'face 'underline)) | |
5396 ((eq previous ?_) | |
5397 (delete-region (- (point) 2) (point)) | |
5398 (put-text-property (point) (1+ (point)) | |
5399 'face 'underline)))))))) | |
5400 | |
5401 (add-hook 'gnus-article-prepare-hook 'gnus-article-prepare-overstrike) | |
5402 @end lisp | |
5403 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5404 Latest versions of Gnus do such a conversion automatically. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5405 |
25474 | 5406 If you prefer to do away with underlining altogether, you can |
5407 destructively remove it with @kbd{M-x ununderline-region}; do this | |
5408 automatically via | |
5409 | |
5410 @lisp | |
5411 (add-hook 'gnus-article-prepare-hook | |
34151
33df9c2e70bf
Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
30692
diff
changeset
|
5412 (lambda () (ununderline-region (point-min) (point-max)))) |
25474 | 5413 @end lisp |
5414 | |
5415 @node Saving a multi-part Gnus posting, Starting Gnus faster, Viewing articles with embedded underlining, Mail and news | |
5416 @section How do I save all the items of a multi-part posting in Gnus? | |
5417 @cindex Multi-part postings in Gnus, saving | |
5418 @cindex Saving multi-part postings in Gnus | |
5419 @cindex Gnus, saving multi-part postings in | |
5420 | |
5421 Use @code{gnus-uu}. Type @kbd{C-c C-v C-h} in the Gnus summary buffer | |
5422 to see a list of available commands. | |
5423 | |
5424 @node Starting Gnus faster, Catching up in all newsgroups, Saving a multi-part Gnus posting, Mail and news | |
5425 @section How do I make Gnus start up faster? | |
5426 @cindex Faster, starting Gnus | |
5427 @cindex Starting Gnus faster | |
5428 @cindex Gnus, starting faster | |
5429 | |
5430 From the Gnus FAQ (@pxref{Learning more about Gnus}): | |
5431 | |
5432 @quotation | |
5433 @email{pktiwari@@eos.ncsu.edu, Pranav Kumar Tiwari} writes: I posted | |
5434 the same query recently and I got an answer to it. I am going to | |
5435 repeat the answer. What you need is a newer version of gnus, version | |
5436 5.0.4+. I am using 5.0.12 and it works fine with me with the | |
5437 following settings: | |
5438 | |
5439 @lisp | |
5440 (setq gnus-check-new-newsgroups nil | |
5441 gnus-read-active-file 'some | |
5442 gnus-nov-is-evil nil | |
5443 gnus-select-method '(nntp gnus-nntp-server)) | |
5444 @end lisp | |
5445 @end quotation | |
5446 | |
5447 @node Catching up in all newsgroups, Killing based on nonstandard headers, Starting Gnus faster, Mail and news | |
5448 @section How do I catch up all newsgroups in Gnus? | |
5449 @cindex Catching up all newsgroups in Gnus | |
5450 @cindex Gnus, Catching up all newsgroups in | |
5451 | |
5452 In the @file{*Newsgroup*} buffer, type @kbd{M-< C-x ( c y C-x ) M-0 C-x e} | |
5453 | |
5454 Leave off the initial @kbd{M-<} if you only want to catch up from point | |
5455 to the end of the @file{*Newsgroup*} buffer. | |
5456 | |
5457 @node Killing based on nonstandard headers, Removing flashing messages, Catching up in all newsgroups, Mail and news | |
5458 @section Why can't I kill in Gnus based on the Newsgroups/Keywords/Control headers? | |
5459 @cindex Killing articles based on nonstandard headers | |
5460 @cindex Newsgroups header, killing articles based on | |
5461 @cindex Keywords header, killing articles based on | |
5462 @cindex Control header, killing articles based on | |
5463 | |
5464 Gnus will complain that the @samp{Newsgroups}, @samp{Keywords}, and | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5465 @samp{Control} headers are ``Unknown header'' fields. |
25474 | 5466 |
5467 For the @samp{Newsgroups} header, there is an easy workaround: kill on the | |
5468 @samp{Xref} header instead, which will be present on any cross-posted article | |
5469 (as long as your site carries the cross-post group). | |
5470 | |
5471 If you really want to kill on one of these headers, you can do it like | |
5472 this: | |
5473 | |
5474 @lisp | |
5475 (gnus-kill nil "^Newsgroups: .*\\(bad\\.group\\|worse\\.group\\)") | |
5476 @end lisp | |
5477 | |
5478 @node Removing flashing messages, Catch-up is slow in Gnus, Killing based on nonstandard headers, Mail and news | |
5479 @section How do I get rid of flashing messages in Gnus for slow connections? | |
5480 @cindex Flashing Gnus messages, removing | |
5481 @cindex Removing flashing Gnus messages | |
5482 @cindex Slow connections causing flashing messages in Gnus | |
5483 @cindex Gnus, flashing messages in | |
5484 | |
5485 Set @code{nntp-debug-read} to @code{nil}. | |
5486 | |
5487 @node Catch-up is slow in Gnus, Gnus hangs for a long time, Removing flashing messages, Mail and news | |
5488 @section Why is catch up slow in Gnus? | |
5489 @cindex Slow catch up in Gnus | |
5490 @cindex Gnus is slow when catching up | |
5491 @cindex Crosspostings make Gnus catching up slow | |
5492 | |
5493 Because Gnus is marking crosspostings read. You can control this with | |
5494 the variable @code{gnus-use-cross-reference}. | |
5495 | |
5496 @node Gnus hangs for a long time, Learning more about Gnus, Catch-up is slow in Gnus, Mail and news | |
5497 @section Why does Gnus hang for a long time when posting? | |
5498 @cindex Hangs in Gnus | |
5499 @cindex Gnus hangs while posting | |
5500 @cindex Posting, Gnus hangs wile | |
5501 | |
5502 @email{tale@@uunet.uu.net, David Lawrence} explains: | |
5503 | |
5504 @quotation | |
5505 The problem is almost always interaction between NNTP and C News. NNTP | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5506 POST asks C News's @code{inews} to not background itself but rather hang |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5507 around and give its exit status so it knows whether the post was successful. |
25474 | 5508 (That wait will on some systems not return the exit status of the |
5509 waited for job is a different sort of problem.) It ends up taking a | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5510 long time because @code{inews} is calling @code{relaynews}, which often |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5511 waits for another @code{relaynews} to free the lock on the news system |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5512 so it can file the article. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5513 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5514 My preferred solution is to change @code{inews} to not call |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5515 @code{relaynews}, but rather use @code{newsspool}. This loses some |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5516 error-catching functionality, but is for the most part safe as |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5517 @code{inews} will detect a lot of the errors on its own. The C News |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5518 folks have sped up @code{inews}, too, so speed should look better to |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5519 most folks as that update propagates around. |
25474 | 5520 @end quotation |
5521 | |
5522 @node Learning more about Gnus, , Gnus hangs for a long time, Mail and news | |
5523 @section Where can I find out more about Gnus? | |
5524 @cindex FAQ for Gnus | |
5525 @cindex Gnus FAQ | |
5526 @cindex Learning more about GNU | |
5527 | |
5528 Look for the Gnus FAQ, available at | |
5529 | |
5530 @uref{http://www.ccs.neu.edu/software/contrib/gnus/} | |
5531 | |
5532 @node Concept index, , Mail and news, Top | |
5533 @unnumbered Concept Index | |
5534 @printindex cp | |
5535 | |
5536 @contents | |
5537 @bye |