Mercurial > emacs
annotate lispref/elisp.texi @ 67276:249c0ac46fca
(lisp-imenu-generic-expression): Fix bug whereby names of length one
or names starting with a symbol-constituent character would not be returned.
author | Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> |
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date | Sat, 03 Dec 2005 09:47:40 +0000 |
parents | cb3a28e6571d |
children | 84379b626fdb 2a679c81f552 fa0da9b57058 |
rev | line source |
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6451 | 1 \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c %**start of header | |
3 @setfilename elisp | |
4 @settitle GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual | |
5 @c %**end of header | |
6 | |
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7 @c Version of the manual and of Emacs. |
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8 @c Please remember to update the edition number in README as well. |
64175 | 9 @set VERSION 2.9 |
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10 @set EMACSVER 22.0.50 |
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11 |
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12 @dircategory Emacs |
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13 @direntry |
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14 * Elisp: (elisp). The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. |
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15 @end direntry |
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16 |
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17 @smallbook |
28952 | 18 @setchapternewpage odd |
19 @finalout | |
20 | |
21 @c Combine indices. | |
22 @synindex cp fn | |
23 @syncodeindex vr fn | |
24 @syncodeindex ky fn | |
25 @syncodeindex pg fn | |
26 @c We use the "type index" to index new functions and variables. | |
27 @c @syncodeindex tp fn | |
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28 |
63646 | 29 @copying |
30 This is edition @value{VERSION} of the GNU Emacs Lisp | |
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31 Reference Manual, corresponding to Emacs version @value{EMACSVER}. |
6451 | 32 |
63646 | 33 Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, |
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34 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
6451 | 35 |
63646 | 36 @quotation |
28952 | 37 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
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38 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or |
28952 | 39 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the |
63646 | 40 Invariant Sections being ``GNU General Public License'', with the |
41 Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU Manual'', and with the Back-Cover | |
42 Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the | |
43 section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''. | |
6451 | 44 |
28952 | 45 (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify |
46 this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free | |
47 Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' | |
63646 | 48 @end quotation |
49 @end copying | |
6451 | 50 |
51 @titlepage | |
52 @title GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual | |
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53 @subtitle For Emacs Version @value{EMACSVER} |
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54 @subtitle Revision @value{VERSION}, January 2002 |
6451 | 55 |
56 @author by Bil Lewis, Dan LaLiberte, Richard Stallman | |
57 @author and the GNU Manual Group | |
58 @page | |
59 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll | |
63646 | 60 @insertcopying |
6451 | 61 |
63646 | 62 @sp 1 |
63 Published by the Free Software Foundation @* | |
64 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor @* | |
65 Boston, MA 02110-1301 @* | |
66 USA @* | |
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67 ISBN 1-882114-73-6 |
6451 | 68 |
63646 | 69 @sp 1 |
6451 | 70 Cover art by Etienne Suvasa. |
71 @end titlepage | |
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72 |
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73 |
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74 @c Print the tables of contents |
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75 @summarycontents |
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76 @contents |
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77 |
6451 | 78 |
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79 @ifnottex |
29256 | 80 @node Top, Introduction, (dir), (dir) |
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81 @top Emacs Lisp |
6451 | 82 |
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83 This Info file contains edition @value{VERSION} of the GNU Emacs Lisp |
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84 Reference Manual, corresponding to GNU Emacs version @value{EMACSVER}. |
27193 | 85 @end ifnottex |
6451 | 86 |
87 @menu | |
88 * Introduction:: Introduction and conventions used. | |
89 | |
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90 * Lisp Data Types:: Data types of objects in Emacs Lisp. |
6451 | 91 * Numbers:: Numbers and arithmetic functions. |
92 * Strings and Characters:: Strings, and functions that work on them. | |
93 * Lists:: Lists, cons cells, and related functions. | |
94 * Sequences Arrays Vectors:: Lists, strings and vectors are called sequences. | |
95 Certain functions act on any kind of sequence. | |
96 The description of vectors is here as well. | |
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97 * Hash Tables:: Very fast lookup-tables. |
6451 | 98 * Symbols:: Symbols represent names, uniquely. |
99 | |
100 * Evaluation:: How Lisp expressions are evaluated. | |
101 * Control Structures:: Conditionals, loops, nonlocal exits. | |
102 * Variables:: Using symbols in programs to stand for values. | |
103 * Functions:: A function is a Lisp program | |
104 that can be invoked from other functions. | |
105 * Macros:: Macros are a way to extend the Lisp language. | |
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106 * Customization:: Writing customization declarations. |
6451 | 107 |
108 * Loading:: Reading files of Lisp code into Lisp. | |
109 * Byte Compilation:: Compilation makes programs run faster. | |
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110 * Advising Functions:: Adding to the definition of a function. |
6451 | 111 * Debugging:: Tools and tips for debugging Lisp programs. |
112 | |
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113 * Read and Print:: Converting Lisp objects to text and back. |
6451 | 114 * Minibuffers:: Using the minibuffer to read input. |
115 * Command Loop:: How the editor command loop works, | |
116 and how you can call its subroutines. | |
117 * Keymaps:: Defining the bindings from keys to commands. | |
118 * Modes:: Defining major and minor modes. | |
119 * Documentation:: Writing and using documentation strings. | |
120 | |
121 * Files:: Accessing files. | |
122 * Backups and Auto-Saving:: Controlling how backups and auto-save | |
123 files are made. | |
124 * Buffers:: Creating and using buffer objects. | |
125 * Windows:: Manipulating windows and displaying buffers. | |
126 * Frames:: Making multiple X windows. | |
127 * Positions:: Buffer positions and motion functions. | |
128 * Markers:: Markers represent positions and update | |
129 automatically when the text is changed. | |
130 | |
131 * Text:: Examining and changing text in buffers. | |
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132 * Non-ASCII Characters:: Non-ASCII text in buffers and strings. |
6451 | 133 * Searching and Matching:: Searching buffers for strings or regexps. |
134 * Syntax Tables:: The syntax table controls word and list parsing. | |
135 * Abbrevs:: How Abbrev mode works, and its data structures. | |
136 | |
137 * Processes:: Running and communicating with subprocesses. | |
33146 | 138 * Display:: Features for controlling the screen display. |
6451 | 139 * System Interface:: Getting the user id, system type, environment |
140 variables, and other such things. | |
141 | |
142 Appendices | |
143 | |
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144 * Antinews:: Info for users downgrading to Emacs 21. |
30904 | 145 * GNU Free Documentation License:: The license for this documentation |
29149 | 146 * GPL:: Conditions for copying and changing GNU Emacs. |
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147 * Tips:: Advice and coding conventions for Emacs Lisp. |
6451 | 148 * GNU Emacs Internals:: Building and dumping Emacs; |
149 internal data structures. | |
150 * Standard Errors:: List of all error symbols. | |
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151 * Standard Buffer-Local Variables:: |
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152 List of variables buffer-local in all buffers. |
6451 | 153 * Standard Keymaps:: List of standard keymaps. |
154 * Standard Hooks:: List of standard hook variables. | |
155 | |
156 * Index:: Index including concepts, functions, variables, | |
157 and other terms. | |
158 | |
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159 * New Symbols:: New functions and variables in Emacs @value{EMACSVER}. |
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160 |
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161 Detailed Node Listing |
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162 --------------------- |
6451 | 163 |
164 Here are other nodes that are inferiors of those already listed, | |
165 mentioned here so you can get to them in one step: | |
166 | |
167 Introduction | |
168 | |
169 * Caveats:: Flaws and a request for help. | |
170 * Lisp History:: Emacs Lisp is descended from Maclisp. | |
171 * Conventions:: How the manual is formatted. | |
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172 * Version Info:: Which Emacs version is running? |
6451 | 173 * Acknowledgements:: The authors, editors, and sponsors of this manual. |
174 | |
175 Conventions | |
176 | |
177 * Some Terms:: Explanation of terms we use in this manual. | |
178 * nil and t:: How the symbols @code{nil} and @code{t} are used. | |
179 * Evaluation Notation:: The format we use for examples of evaluation. | |
180 * Printing Notation:: The format we use for examples that print output. | |
181 * Error Messages:: The format we use for examples of errors. | |
182 * Buffer Text Notation:: The format we use for buffer contents in examples. | |
183 * Format of Descriptions:: Notation for describing functions, variables, etc. | |
184 | |
185 Format of Descriptions | |
186 | |
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187 * A Sample Function Description:: |
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188 * A Sample Variable Description:: |
6451 | 189 |
190 Lisp Data Types | |
191 | |
192 * Printed Representation:: How Lisp objects are represented as text. | |
193 * Comments:: Comments and their formatting conventions. | |
194 * Programming Types:: Types found in all Lisp systems. | |
195 * Editing Types:: Types specific to Emacs. | |
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196 * Circular Objects:: Read syntax for circular structure. |
6451 | 197 * Type Predicates:: Tests related to types. |
198 * Equality Predicates:: Tests of equality between any two objects. | |
199 | |
200 Programming Types | |
201 | |
202 * Integer Type:: Numbers without fractional parts. | |
203 * Floating Point Type:: Numbers with fractional parts and with a large range. | |
204 * Character Type:: The representation of letters, numbers and | |
25875 | 205 control characters. |
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206 * Symbol Type:: A multi-use object that refers to a function, |
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207 variable, property list, or itself. |
6451 | 208 * Sequence Type:: Both lists and arrays are classified as sequences. |
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209 * Cons Cell Type:: Cons cells, and lists (which are made from cons cells). |
6451 | 210 * Array Type:: Arrays include strings and vectors. |
211 * String Type:: An (efficient) array of characters. | |
212 * Vector Type:: One-dimensional arrays. | |
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213 * Char-Table Type:: One-dimensional sparse arrays indexed by characters. |
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214 * Bool-Vector Type:: One-dimensional arrays of @code{t} or @code{nil}. |
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215 * Hash Table Type:: Super-fast lookup tables. |
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216 * Function Type:: A piece of executable code you can call from elsewhere. |
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217 * Macro Type:: A method of expanding an expression into another |
6451 | 218 expression, more fundamental but less pretty. |
219 * Primitive Function Type:: A function written in C, callable from Lisp. | |
220 * Byte-Code Type:: A function written in Lisp, then compiled. | |
221 * Autoload Type:: A type used for automatically loading seldom-used | |
25875 | 222 functions. |
6451 | 223 |
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224 Cons Cell and List Types |
6451 | 225 |
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226 * Box Diagrams:: Drawing pictures of lists. |
6451 | 227 * Dotted Pair Notation:: An alternative syntax for lists. |
228 * Association List Type:: A specially constructed list. | |
229 | |
230 Editing Types | |
231 | |
232 * Buffer Type:: The basic object of editing. | |
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233 * Marker Type:: A position in a buffer. |
6451 | 234 * Window Type:: What makes buffers visible. |
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235 * Frame Type:: Windows subdivide frames. |
6451 | 236 * Window Configuration Type::Save what the screen looks like. |
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237 * Frame Configuration Type::Recording the status of all frames. |
6451 | 238 * Process Type:: A process running on the underlying OS. |
239 * Stream Type:: Receive or send characters. | |
240 * Keymap Type:: What function a keystroke invokes. | |
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241 * Overlay Type:: How an overlay is represented. |
6451 | 242 |
243 Numbers | |
244 | |
245 * Integer Basics:: Representation and range of integers. | |
246 * Float Basics:: Representation and range of floating point. | |
247 * Predicates on Numbers:: Testing for numbers. | |
248 * Comparison of Numbers:: Equality and inequality predicates. | |
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249 * Numeric Conversions:: Converting float to integer and vice versa. |
6451 | 250 * Arithmetic Operations:: How to add, subtract, multiply and divide. |
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251 * Rounding Operations:: Explicitly rounding floating point numbers. |
6451 | 252 * Bitwise Operations:: Logical and, or, not, shifting. |
12067 | 253 * Math Functions:: Trig, exponential and logarithmic functions. |
6451 | 254 * Random Numbers:: Obtaining random integers, predictable or not. |
255 | |
256 Strings and Characters | |
257 | |
258 * String Basics:: Basic properties of strings and characters. | |
259 * Predicates for Strings:: Testing whether an object is a string or char. | |
260 * Creating Strings:: Functions to allocate new strings. | |
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261 * Modifying Strings:: Altering the contents of an existing string. |
6451 | 262 * Text Comparison:: Comparing characters or strings. |
263 * String Conversion:: Converting characters or strings and vice versa. | |
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264 * Formatting Strings:: @code{format}: Emacs's analogue of @code{printf}. |
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265 * Case Conversion:: Case conversion functions. |
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266 * Case Tables:: Customizing case conversion. |
6451 | 267 |
268 Lists | |
269 | |
270 * Cons Cells:: How lists are made out of cons cells. | |
271 * List-related Predicates:: Is this object a list? Comparing two lists. | |
272 * List Elements:: Extracting the pieces of a list. | |
273 * Building Lists:: Creating list structure. | |
274 * Modifying Lists:: Storing new pieces into an existing list. | |
275 * Sets And Lists:: A list can represent a finite mathematical set. | |
276 * Association Lists:: A list can represent a finite relation or mapping. | |
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277 * Rings:: Managing a fixed-size ring of objects. |
6451 | 278 |
279 Modifying Existing List Structure | |
280 | |
281 * Setcar:: Replacing an element in a list. | |
282 * Setcdr:: Replacing part of the list backbone. | |
283 This can be used to remove or add elements. | |
284 * Rearrangement:: Reordering the elements in a list; combining lists. | |
285 | |
286 Sequences, Arrays, and Vectors | |
287 | |
288 * Sequence Functions:: Functions that accept any kind of sequence. | |
289 * Arrays:: Characteristics of arrays in Emacs Lisp. | |
290 * Array Functions:: Functions specifically for arrays. | |
291 * Vectors:: Functions specifically for vectors. | |
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292 * Vector Functions:: Functions specifically for vectors. |
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293 * Char-Tables:: How to work with char-tables. |
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294 * Bool-Vectors:: How to work with bool-vectors. |
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295 |
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296 Hash Tables |
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297 |
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298 * Creating Hash:: Functions to create hash tables. |
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299 * Hash Access:: Reading and writing the hash table contents. |
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300 * Defining Hash:: Defining new comparison methods |
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301 * Other Hash:: Miscellaneous. |
6451 | 302 |
303 Symbols | |
304 | |
305 * Symbol Components:: Symbols have names, values, function definitions | |
306 and property lists. | |
307 * Definitions:: A definition says how a symbol will be used. | |
308 * Creating Symbols:: How symbols are kept unique. | |
309 * Property Lists:: Each symbol has a property list | |
310 for recording miscellaneous information. | |
311 | |
312 Evaluation | |
313 | |
314 * Intro Eval:: Evaluation in the scheme of things. | |
315 * Forms:: How various sorts of objects are evaluated. | |
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316 * Quoting:: Avoiding evaluation (to put constants in |
6451 | 317 the program). |
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318 * Eval:: How to invoke the Lisp interpreter explicitly. |
6451 | 319 |
320 Kinds of Forms | |
321 | |
322 * Self-Evaluating Forms:: Forms that evaluate to themselves. | |
323 * Symbol Forms:: Symbols evaluate as variables. | |
324 * Classifying Lists:: How to distinguish various sorts of list forms. | |
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325 * Function Indirection:: When a symbol appears as the car of a list, |
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326 we find the real function via the symbol. |
6451 | 327 * Function Forms:: Forms that call functions. |
328 * Macro Forms:: Forms that call macros. | |
329 * Special Forms:: ``Special forms'' are idiosyncratic primitives, | |
330 most of them extremely important. | |
331 * Autoloading:: Functions set up to load files | |
332 containing their real definitions. | |
333 | |
334 Control Structures | |
335 | |
336 * Sequencing:: Evaluation in textual order. | |
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337 * Conditionals:: @code{if}, @code{cond}, @code{when}, @code{unless}. |
6451 | 338 * Combining Conditions:: @code{and}, @code{or}, @code{not}. |
339 * Iteration:: @code{while} loops. | |
340 * Nonlocal Exits:: Jumping out of a sequence. | |
341 | |
342 Nonlocal Exits | |
343 | |
344 * Catch and Throw:: Nonlocal exits for the program's own purposes. | |
345 * Examples of Catch:: Showing how such nonlocal exits can be written. | |
346 * Errors:: How errors are signaled and handled. | |
347 * Cleanups:: Arranging to run a cleanup form if an | |
348 error happens. | |
349 | |
350 Errors | |
351 | |
352 * Signaling Errors:: How to report an error. | |
353 * Processing of Errors:: What Emacs does when you report an error. | |
354 * Handling Errors:: How you can trap errors and continue execution. | |
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355 * Error Symbols:: How errors are classified for trapping them. |
6451 | 356 |
357 Variables | |
358 | |
359 * Global Variables:: Variable values that exist permanently, everywhere. | |
360 * Constant Variables:: Certain "variables" have values that never change. | |
361 * Local Variables:: Variable values that exist only temporarily. | |
362 * Void Variables:: Symbols that lack values. | |
363 * Defining Variables:: A definition says a symbol is used as a variable. | |
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364 * Tips for Defining:: Things you should think about when you |
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365 define a variable. |
6451 | 366 * Accessing Variables:: Examining values of variables whose names |
367 are known only at run time. | |
368 * Setting Variables:: Storing new values in variables. | |
369 * Variable Scoping:: How Lisp chooses among local and global values. | |
370 * Buffer-Local Variables:: Variable values in effect only in one buffer. | |
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371 * Frame-Local Variables:: Variable values in effect only in one frame. |
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372 * Future Local Variables:: New kinds of local values we might add some day. |
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373 * File Local Variables:: Handling local variable lists in files. |
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374 * Variable Aliases:: Variables that are aliases for other variables. |
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375 * Variables with Restricted Values:: Non-constant variables whose value can |
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376 @emph{not} be an arbitrary Lisp object. |
6451 | 377 |
378 Scoping Rules for Variable Bindings | |
379 | |
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380 * Scope:: Scope means where in the program a value |
6451 | 381 is visible. Comparison with other languages. |
382 * Extent:: Extent means how long in time a value exists. | |
383 * Impl of Scope:: Two ways to implement dynamic scoping. | |
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384 * Using Scoping:: How to use dynamic scoping carefully and |
6451 | 385 avoid problems. |
386 | |
387 Buffer-Local Variables | |
388 | |
389 * Intro to Buffer-Local:: Introduction and concepts. | |
390 * Creating Buffer-Local:: Creating and destroying buffer-local bindings. | |
391 * Default Value:: The default value is seen in buffers | |
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392 that don't have their own buffer-local values. |
6451 | 393 |
394 Functions | |
395 | |
396 * What Is a Function:: Lisp functions vs primitives; terminology. | |
397 * Lambda Expressions:: How functions are expressed as Lisp objects. | |
398 * Function Names:: A symbol can serve as the name of a function. | |
399 * Defining Functions:: Lisp expressions for defining functions. | |
400 * Calling Functions:: How to use an existing function. | |
401 * Mapping Functions:: Applying a function to each element of a list, etc. | |
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402 * Anonymous Functions:: Lambda-expressions are functions with no names. |
6451 | 403 * Function Cells:: Accessing or setting the function definition |
404 of a symbol. | |
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405 * Obsolete Functions:: Declaring functions obsolete. |
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406 * Inline Functions:: Defining functions that the compiler will open code. |
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407 * Function Safety:: Determining whether a function is safe to call. |
6451 | 408 * Related Topics:: Cross-references to specific Lisp primitives |
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409 that have a special bearing on how |
6451 | 410 functions work. |
411 | |
412 Lambda Expressions | |
413 | |
414 * Lambda Components:: The parts of a lambda expression. | |
415 * Simple Lambda:: A simple example. | |
416 * Argument List:: Details and special features of argument lists. | |
417 * Function Documentation:: How to put documentation in a function. | |
418 | |
419 Macros | |
420 | |
421 * Simple Macro:: A basic example. | |
422 * Expansion:: How, when and why macros are expanded. | |
423 * Compiling Macros:: How macros are expanded by the compiler. | |
424 * Defining Macros:: How to write a macro definition. | |
425 * Backquote:: Easier construction of list structure. | |
426 * Problems with Macros:: Don't evaluate the macro arguments too many times. | |
427 Don't hide the user's variables. | |
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428 * Indenting Macros:: Specifying how to indent macro calls. |
6451 | 429 |
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430 Writing Customization Definitions |
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431 |
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432 * Common Keywords:: Common keyword arguments for all kinds of |
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433 customization declarations. |
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434 * Group Definitions:: Writing customization group definitions. |
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435 * Variable Definitions:: Declaring user options. |
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436 * Customization Types:: Specifying the type of a user option. |
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437 |
6451 | 438 Loading |
439 | |
440 * How Programs Do Loading:: The @code{load} function and others. | |
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441 * Library Search:: Finding a library to load. |
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442 * Loading Non-ASCII:: Non-@acronym{ASCII} characters in Emacs Lisp files. |
6451 | 443 * Autoload:: Setting up a function to autoload. |
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444 * Repeated Loading:: Precautions about loading a file twice. |
12098 | 445 * Named Features:: Loading a library if it isn't already loaded. |
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446 * Where Defined:: Finding which file defined a certain symbol. |
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447 * Unloading:: How to ``unload'' a library that was loaded. |
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448 * Hooks for Loading:: Providing code to be run when |
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449 particular libraries are loaded. |
6451 | 450 |
451 Byte Compilation | |
452 | |
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453 * Speed of Byte-Code:: An example of speedup from byte compilation. |
6451 | 454 * Compilation Functions:: Byte compilation functions. |
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455 * Docs and Compilation:: Dynamic loading of documentation strings. |
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456 * Dynamic Loading:: Dynamic loading of individual functions. |
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457 * Eval During Compile:: Code to be evaluated when you compile. |
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458 * Compiler Errors:: Handling compiler error messages. |
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459 * Byte-Code Objects:: The data type used for byte-compiled functions. |
6451 | 460 * Disassembly:: Disassembling byte-code; how to read byte-code. |
461 | |
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462 Advising Emacs Lisp Functions |
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463 |
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464 * Simple Advice:: A simple example to explain the basics of advice. |
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465 * Defining Advice:: Detailed description of @code{defadvice}. |
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466 * Around-Advice:: Wrapping advice around a function's definition. |
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467 * Computed Advice:: ...is to @code{defadvice} as @code{fset} is to @code{defun}. |
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468 * Activation of Advice:: Advice doesn't do anything until you activate it. |
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469 * Enabling Advice:: You can enable or disable each piece of advice. |
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470 * Preactivation:: Preactivation is a way of speeding up the |
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471 loading of compiled advice. |
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472 * Argument Access in Advice:: How advice can access the function's arguments. |
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473 * Advising Primitives:: Accessing arguments when advising a primitive. |
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474 * Combined Definition:: How advice is implemented. |
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475 |
6451 | 476 Debugging Lisp Programs |
477 | |
478 * Debugger:: How the Emacs Lisp debugger is implemented. | |
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479 * Edebug:: A source-level Emacs Lisp debugger. |
6451 | 480 * Syntax Errors:: How to find syntax errors. |
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481 * Test Coverage:: Ensuring you have tested all branches in your code. |
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482 * Compilation Errors:: How to find errors that show up in |
6451 | 483 byte compilation. |
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484 |
6451 | 485 The Lisp Debugger |
486 | |
487 * Error Debugging:: Entering the debugger when an error happens. | |
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488 * Infinite Loops:: Stopping and debugging a program that doesn't exit. |
6451 | 489 * Function Debugging:: Entering it when a certain function is called. |
490 * Explicit Debug:: Entering it at a certain point in the program. | |
491 * Using Debugger:: What the debugger does; what you see while in it. | |
492 * Debugger Commands:: Commands used while in the debugger. | |
493 * Invoking the Debugger:: How to call the function @code{debug}. | |
494 * Internals of Debugger:: Subroutines of the debugger, and global variables. | |
495 | |
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496 Edebug |
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497 |
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498 * Using Edebug:: Introduction to use of Edebug. |
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499 * Instrumenting:: You must instrument your code |
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500 in order to debug it with Edebug. |
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501 * Edebug Execution Modes:: Execution modes, stopping more or less often. |
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502 * Jumping:: Commands to jump to a specified place. |
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503 * Edebug Misc:: Miscellaneous commands. |
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504 * Breaks:: Setting breakpoints to make the program stop. |
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505 * Trapping Errors:: Trapping errors with Edebug. |
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506 * Edebug Views:: Views inside and outside of Edebug. |
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507 * Edebug Eval:: Evaluating expressions within Edebug. |
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508 * Eval List:: Expressions whose values are displayed |
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509 each time you enter Edebug. |
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510 * Printing in Edebug:: Customization of printing. |
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511 * Trace Buffer:: How to produce trace output in a buffer. |
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512 * Coverage Testing:: How to test evaluation coverage. |
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513 * The Outside Context:: Data that Edebug saves and restores. |
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514 * Edebug and Macros:: Specifying how to handle macro calls. |
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515 * Edebug Options:: Option variables for customizing Edebug. |
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516 |
6451 | 517 Debugging Invalid Lisp Syntax |
518 | |
519 * Excess Open:: How to find a spurious open paren or missing close. | |
520 * Excess Close:: How to find a spurious close paren or missing open. | |
521 | |
522 Reading and Printing Lisp Objects | |
523 | |
524 * Streams Intro:: Overview of streams, reading and printing. | |
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525 * Input Streams:: Various data types that can be used as |
6451 | 526 input streams. |
527 * Input Functions:: Functions to read Lisp objects from text. | |
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528 * Output Streams:: Various data types that can be used as |
6451 | 529 output streams. |
530 * Output Functions:: Functions to print Lisp objects as text. | |
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531 * Output Variables:: Variables that control what the printing |
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532 functions do. |
6451 | 533 |
534 Minibuffers | |
535 | |
536 * Intro to Minibuffers:: Basic information about minibuffers. | |
537 * Text from Minibuffer:: How to read a straight text string. | |
538 * Object from Minibuffer:: How to read a Lisp object or expression. | |
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539 * Minibuffer History:: Recording previous minibuffer inputs |
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540 so the user can reuse them. |
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541 * Initial Input:: Specifying initial contents for the minibuffer. |
6451 | 542 * Completion:: How to invoke and customize completion. |
543 * Yes-or-No Queries:: Asking a question with a simple answer. | |
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544 * Multiple Queries:: Asking a series of similar questions. |
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545 * Reading a Password:: Reading a password from the terminal. |
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546 * Minibuffer Commands:: Commands used as key bindings in minibuffers. |
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547 * Minibuffer Contents:: How such commands access the minibuffer text. |
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548 * Minibuffer Windows:: Operating on the special minibuffer windows. |
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549 * Recursive Mini:: Whether recursive entry to minibuffer is allowed. |
6451 | 550 * Minibuffer Misc:: Various customization hooks and variables. |
551 | |
552 Completion | |
553 | |
554 * Basic Completion:: Low-level functions for completing strings. | |
555 (These are too low level to use the minibuffer.) | |
556 * Minibuffer Completion:: Invoking the minibuffer with completion. | |
557 * Completion Commands:: Minibuffer commands that do completion. | |
558 * High-Level Completion:: Convenient special cases of completion | |
559 (reading buffer name, file name, etc.) | |
560 * Reading File Names:: Using completion to read file names. | |
561 * Programmed Completion:: Finding the completions for a given file name. | |
562 | |
563 Command Loop | |
564 | |
565 * Command Overview:: How the command loop reads commands. | |
566 * Defining Commands:: Specifying how a function should read arguments. | |
567 * Interactive Call:: Calling a command, so that it will read arguments. | |
568 * Command Loop Info:: Variables set by the command loop for you to examine. | |
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569 * Adjusting Point:: Adjustment of point after a command. |
6451 | 570 * Input Events:: What input looks like when you read it. |
571 * Reading Input:: How to read input events from the keyboard or mouse. | |
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572 * Special Events:: Events processed immediately and individually. |
6451 | 573 * Waiting:: Waiting for user input or elapsed time. |
574 * Quitting:: How @kbd{C-g} works. How to catch or defer quitting. | |
575 * Prefix Command Arguments:: How the commands to set prefix args work. | |
576 * Recursive Editing:: Entering a recursive edit, | |
577 and why you usually shouldn't. | |
578 * Disabling Commands:: How the command loop handles disabled commands. | |
579 * Command History:: How the command history is set up, and how accessed. | |
580 * Keyboard Macros:: How keyboard macros are implemented. | |
581 | |
582 Defining Commands | |
583 | |
584 * Using Interactive:: General rules for @code{interactive}. | |
585 * Interactive Codes:: The standard letter-codes for reading arguments | |
586 in various ways. | |
587 * Interactive Examples:: Examples of how to read interactive arguments. | |
588 | |
589 Keymaps | |
590 | |
591 * Keymap Terminology:: Definitions of terms pertaining to keymaps. | |
592 * Format of Keymaps:: What a keymap looks like as a Lisp object. | |
593 * Creating Keymaps:: Functions to create and copy keymaps. | |
594 * Inheritance and Keymaps:: How one keymap can inherit the bindings | |
595 of another keymap. | |
596 * Prefix Keys:: Defining a key with a keymap as its definition. | |
597 * Active Keymaps:: Each buffer has a local keymap | |
598 to override the standard (global) bindings. | |
25875 | 599 Each minor mode can also override them. |
6451 | 600 * Key Lookup:: How extracting elements from keymaps works. |
601 * Functions for Key Lookup:: How to request key lookup. | |
602 * Changing Key Bindings:: Redefining a key in a keymap. | |
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603 * Remapping Commands:: Bindings that translate one command to another. |
6451 | 604 * Key Binding Commands:: Interactive interfaces for redefining keys. |
605 * Scanning Keymaps:: Looking through all keymaps, for printing help. | |
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606 * Menu Keymaps:: A keymap can define a menu for X |
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607 or for use from the terminal. |
6451 | 608 |
609 Major and Minor Modes | |
610 | |
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611 * Hooks:: How to use hooks; how to write code that |
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612 provides hooks. |
6451 | 613 * Major Modes:: Defining major modes. |
614 * Minor Modes:: Defining minor modes. | |
615 * Mode Line Format:: Customizing the text that appears in the mode line. | |
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616 * Imenu:: How a mode can provide a menu |
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617 of definitions in the buffer. |
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618 * Font Lock Mode:: How modes can highlight text according to syntax. |
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619 * Desktop Save Mode:: How modes can have buffer state saved between |
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620 Emacs sessions. |
6451 | 621 |
622 Major Modes | |
623 | |
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624 * Major Mode Basics:: |
6451 | 625 * Major Mode Conventions:: Coding conventions for keymaps, etc. |
626 * Example Major Modes:: Text mode and Lisp modes. | |
627 * Auto Major Mode:: How Emacs chooses the major mode automatically. | |
628 * Mode Help:: Finding out how to use a mode. | |
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629 * Derived Modes:: Defining a new major mode based on another major |
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630 mode. |
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631 * Generic Modes:: Defining a simple major mode that supports |
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632 comment syntax and Font Lock mode. |
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633 * Mode Hooks:: Hooks run at the end of major mode functions. |
6451 | 634 |
635 Minor Modes | |
636 | |
637 * Minor Mode Conventions:: Tips for writing a minor mode. | |
638 * Keymaps and Minor Modes:: How a minor mode can have its own keymap. | |
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639 * Defining Minor Modes:: A convenient facility for defining minor modes. |
6451 | 640 |
641 Mode Line Format | |
642 | |
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643 * Mode Line Basics:: |
6451 | 644 * Mode Line Data:: The data structure that controls the mode line. |
645 * Mode Line Variables:: Variables used in that data structure. | |
646 * %-Constructs:: Putting information into a mode line. | |
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647 * Properties in Mode:: Using text properties in the mode line. |
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648 * Header Lines:: Like a mode line, but at the top. |
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649 * Emulating Mode Line:: Formatting text as the mode line would. |
6451 | 650 |
651 Documentation | |
652 | |
653 * Documentation Basics:: Good style for doc strings. | |
654 Where to put them. How Emacs stores them. | |
655 * Accessing Documentation:: How Lisp programs can access doc strings. | |
656 * Keys in Documentation:: Substituting current key bindings. | |
657 * Describing Characters:: Making printable descriptions of | |
658 non-printing characters and key sequences. | |
659 * Help Functions:: Subroutines used by Emacs help facilities. | |
660 | |
661 Files | |
662 | |
663 * Visiting Files:: Reading files into Emacs buffers for editing. | |
664 * Saving Buffers:: Writing changed buffers back into files. | |
665 * Reading from Files:: Reading files into other buffers. | |
666 * Writing to Files:: Writing new files from parts of buffers. | |
667 * File Locks:: Locking and unlocking files, to prevent | |
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668 simultaneous editing by two people. |
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669 * Information about Files:: Testing existence, accessibility, size of files. |
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670 * Changing Files:: Renaming files, changing protection, etc. |
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671 * File Names:: Decomposing and expanding file names. |
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672 * Contents of Directories:: Getting a list of the files in a directory. |
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673 * Create/Delete Dirs:: Creating and Deleting Directories. |
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674 * Magic File Names:: Defining "magic" special handling |
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675 for certain file names. |
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676 * Format Conversion:: Conversion to and from various file formats. |
6451 | 677 |
678 Visiting Files | |
679 | |
680 * Visiting Functions:: The usual interface functions for visiting. | |
681 * Subroutines of Visiting:: Lower-level subroutines that they use. | |
682 | |
683 Information about Files | |
684 | |
685 * Testing Accessibility:: Is a given file readable? Writable? | |
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686 * Kinds of Files:: Is it a directory? A symbolic link? |
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687 * Truenames:: Eliminating symbolic links from a file name. |
6451 | 688 * File Attributes:: How large is it? Any other names? Etc. |
689 | |
690 File Names | |
691 | |
692 * File Name Components:: The directory part of a file name, and the rest. | |
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693 * Relative File Names:: Some file names are relative to a |
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694 current directory. |
6451 | 695 * Directory Names:: A directory's name as a directory |
696 is different from its name as a file. | |
697 * File Name Expansion:: Converting relative file names to absolute ones. | |
698 * Unique File Names:: Generating names for temporary files. | |
699 * File Name Completion:: Finding the completions for a given file name. | |
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700 * Standard File Names:: If your package uses a fixed file name, |
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701 how to handle various operating systems simply. |
6451 | 702 |
703 Backups and Auto-Saving | |
704 | |
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705 * Backup Files:: How backup files are made; how their names |
6451 | 706 are chosen. |
707 * Auto-Saving:: How auto-save files are made; how their | |
708 names are chosen. | |
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709 * Reverting:: @code{revert-buffer}, and how to customize |
6451 | 710 what it does. |
711 | |
712 Backup Files | |
713 | |
714 * Making Backups:: How Emacs makes backup files, and when. | |
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715 * Rename or Copy:: Two alternatives: renaming the old file |
6451 | 716 or copying it. |
717 * Numbered Backups:: Keeping multiple backups for each source file. | |
718 * Backup Names:: How backup file names are computed; customization. | |
719 | |
720 Buffers | |
721 | |
722 * Buffer Basics:: What is a buffer? | |
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723 * Current Buffer:: Designating a buffer as current |
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724 so primitives will access its contents. |
6451 | 725 * Buffer Names:: Accessing and changing buffer names. |
726 * Buffer File Name:: The buffer file name indicates which file | |
727 is visited. | |
728 * Buffer Modification:: A buffer is @dfn{modified} if it needs to be saved. | |
729 * Modification Time:: Determining whether the visited file was changed | |
730 ``behind Emacs's back''. | |
731 * Read Only Buffers:: Modifying text is not allowed in a | |
732 read-only buffer. | |
733 * The Buffer List:: How to look at all the existing buffers. | |
734 * Creating Buffers:: Functions that create buffers. | |
735 * Killing Buffers:: Buffers exist until explicitly killed. | |
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736 * Indirect Buffers:: An indirect buffer shares text with some |
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737 other buffer. |
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738 * Buffer Gap:: The gap in the buffer. |
6451 | 739 |
740 Windows | |
741 | |
742 * Basic Windows:: Basic information on using windows. | |
743 * Splitting Windows:: Splitting one window into two windows. | |
744 * Deleting Windows:: Deleting a window gives its space to other windows. | |
745 * Selecting Windows:: The selected window is the one that you edit in. | |
746 * Cyclic Window Ordering:: Moving around the existing windows. | |
747 * Buffers and Windows:: Each window displays the contents of a buffer. | |
748 * Displaying Buffers:: Higher-lever functions for displaying a buffer | |
749 and choosing a window for it. | |
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750 * Choosing Window:: How to choose a window for displaying a buffer. |
6451 | 751 * Window Point:: Each window has its own location of point. |
752 * Window Start:: The display-start position controls which text | |
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753 is on-screen in the window. |
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754 * Textual Scrolling:: Moving text up and down through the window. |
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755 * Vertical Scrolling:: Moving the contents up and down on the window. |
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756 * Horizontal Scrolling:: Moving the contents sideways on the window. |
6451 | 757 * Size of Window:: Accessing the size of a window. |
758 * Resizing Windows:: Changing the size of a window. | |
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759 * Coordinates and Windows:: Converting coordinates to windows. |
6451 | 760 * Window Configurations:: Saving and restoring the state of the screen. |
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761 * Window Hooks:: Hooks for scrolling, window size changes, |
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762 redisplay going past a certain point, |
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763 or window configuration changes. |
6451 | 764 |
12098 | 765 Frames |
766 | |
767 * Creating Frames:: Creating additional frames. | |
768 * Multiple Displays:: Creating frames on other X displays. | |
769 * Frame Parameters:: Controlling frame size, position, font, etc. | |
770 * Frame Titles:: Automatic updating of frame titles. | |
771 * Deleting Frames:: Frames last until explicitly deleted. | |
772 * Finding All Frames:: How to examine all existing frames. | |
773 * Frames and Windows:: A frame contains windows; | |
774 display of text always works through windows. | |
775 * Minibuffers and Frames:: How a frame finds the minibuffer to use. | |
776 * Input Focus:: Specifying the selected frame. | |
777 * Visibility of Frames:: Frames may be visible or invisible, or icons. | |
778 * Raising and Lowering:: Raising a frame makes it hide other X windows; | |
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779 lowering it puts it underneath the others. |
12098 | 780 * Frame Configurations:: Saving the state of all frames. |
781 * Mouse Tracking:: Getting events that say when the mouse moves. | |
782 * Mouse Position:: Asking where the mouse is, or moving it. | |
783 * Pop-Up Menus:: Displaying a menu for the user to select from. | |
784 * Dialog Boxes:: Displaying a box to ask yes or no. | |
785 * Pointer Shapes:: Specifying the shape of the mouse pointer. | |
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786 * Window System Selections::Transferring text to and from other windows. |
12098 | 787 * Color Names:: Getting the definitions of color names. |
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788 * Text Terminal Colors:: Defining colors for text-only terminals. |
12098 | 789 * Resources:: Getting resource values from the server. |
27476 | 790 * Display Feature Testing:: Determining the features of a terminal. |
12098 | 791 |
6451 | 792 Positions |
793 | |
794 * Point:: The special position where editing takes place. | |
795 * Motion:: Changing point. | |
796 * Excursions:: Temporary motion and buffer changes. | |
797 * Narrowing:: Restricting editing to a portion of the buffer. | |
798 | |
799 Motion | |
800 | |
801 * Character Motion:: Moving in terms of characters. | |
802 * Word Motion:: Moving in terms of words. | |
803 * Buffer End Motion:: Moving to the beginning or end of the buffer. | |
804 * Text Lines:: Moving in terms of lines of text. | |
805 * Screen Lines:: Moving in terms of lines as displayed. | |
806 * List Motion:: Moving by parsing lists and sexps. | |
807 * Skipping Characters:: Skipping characters belonging to a certain set. | |
808 | |
809 Markers | |
810 | |
811 * Overview of Markers:: The components of a marker, and how it relocates. | |
812 * Predicates on Markers:: Testing whether an object is a marker. | |
813 * Creating Markers:: Making empty markers or markers at certain places. | |
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814 * Information from Markers::Finding the marker's buffer or character |
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815 position. |
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816 * Marker Insertion Types:: Two ways a marker can relocate when you |
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817 insert where it points. |
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818 * Moving Markers:: Moving the marker to a new buffer or position. |
6451 | 819 * The Mark:: How ``the mark'' is implemented with a marker. |
820 * The Region:: How to access ``the region''. | |
821 | |
822 Text | |
823 | |
824 * Near Point:: Examining text in the vicinity of point. | |
825 * Buffer Contents:: Examining text in a general fashion. | |
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826 * Comparing Text:: Comparing substrings of buffers. |
6451 | 827 * Insertion:: Adding new text to a buffer. |
828 * Commands for Insertion:: User-level commands to insert text. | |
829 * Deletion:: Removing text from a buffer. | |
830 * User-Level Deletion:: User-level commands to delete text. | |
831 * The Kill Ring:: Where removed text sometimes is saved for | |
832 later use. | |
833 * Undo:: Undoing changes to the text of a buffer. | |
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834 * Maintaining Undo:: How to enable and disable undo information. |
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835 How to control how much information is kept. |
6451 | 836 * Filling:: Functions for explicit filling. |
12098 | 837 * Margins:: How to specify margins for filling commands. |
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838 * Adaptive Fill:: Adaptive Fill mode chooses a fill prefix |
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839 from context. |
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840 * Auto Filling:: How auto-fill mode is implemented to break lines. |
6451 | 841 * Sorting:: Functions for sorting parts of the buffer. |
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842 * Columns:: Computing horizontal positions, and using them. |
6451 | 843 * Indentation:: Functions to insert or adjust indentation. |
844 * Case Changes:: Case conversion of parts of the buffer. | |
15725 | 845 * Text Properties:: Assigning Lisp property lists to text characters. |
6451 | 846 * Substitution:: Replacing a given character wherever it appears. |
15725 | 847 * Transposition:: Swapping two portions of a buffer. |
6451 | 848 * Registers:: How registers are implemented. Accessing |
849 the text or position stored in a register. | |
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850 * Base 64:: Conversion to or from base 64 encoding. |
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851 * MD5 Checksum:: Compute the MD5 ``message digest''/``checksum''. |
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852 * Atomic Changes:: Installing several buffer changes ``atomically''. |
15725 | 853 * Change Hooks:: Supplying functions to be run when text is changed. |
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854 |
6451 | 855 The Kill Ring |
856 | |
857 * Kill Ring Concepts:: What text looks like in the kill ring. | |
858 * Kill Functions:: Functions that kill text. | |
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859 * Yanking:: How yanking is done. |
6451 | 860 * Yank Commands:: Commands that access the kill ring. |
12067 | 861 * Low-Level Kill Ring:: Functions and variables for kill ring access. |
6451 | 862 * Internals of Kill Ring:: Variables that hold kill-ring data. |
863 | |
864 Indentation | |
865 | |
866 * Primitive Indent:: Functions used to count and insert indentation. | |
867 * Mode-Specific Indent:: Customize indentation for different modes. | |
868 * Region Indent:: Indent all the lines in a region. | |
869 * Relative Indent:: Indent the current line based on previous lines. | |
870 * Indent Tabs:: Adjustable, typewriter-like tab stops. | |
871 * Motion by Indent:: Move to first non-blank character. | |
872 | |
15725 | 873 Text Properties |
874 | |
875 * Examining Properties:: Looking at the properties of one character. | |
876 * Changing Properties:: Setting the properties of a range of text. | |
877 * Property Search:: Searching for where a property changes value. | |
878 * Special Properties:: Particular properties with special meanings. | |
879 * Format Properties:: Properties for representing formatting of text. | |
880 * Sticky Properties:: How inserted text gets properties from | |
881 neighboring text. | |
882 * Saving Properties:: Saving text properties in files, and reading | |
883 them back. | |
884 * Lazy Properties:: Computing text properties in a lazy fashion | |
885 only when text is examined. | |
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886 * Clickable Text:: Using text properties to make regions of text |
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887 do something when you click on them. |
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888 * Links and Mouse-1:: How to make @key{Mouse-1} follow a link. |
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889 * Fields:: The @code{field} property defines |
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890 fields within the buffer. |
15725 | 891 * Not Intervals:: Why text properties do not use |
892 Lisp-visible text intervals. | |
893 | |
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894 Non-ASCII Characters |
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895 |
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896 * Text Representations:: Unibyte and multibyte representations |
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897 * Converting Representations:: Converting unibyte to multibyte and vice versa. |
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898 * Selecting a Representation:: Treating a byte sequence as unibyte or multi. |
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899 * Character Codes:: How unibyte and multibyte relate to |
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900 codes of individual characters. |
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901 * Character Sets:: The space of possible characters codes |
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902 is divided into various character sets. |
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903 * Chars and Bytes:: More information about multibyte encodings. |
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904 * Splitting Characters:: Converting a character to its byte sequence. |
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905 * Scanning Charsets:: Which character sets are used in a buffer? |
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906 * Translation of Characters:: Translation tables are used for conversion. |
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907 * Coding Systems:: Coding systems are conversions for saving files. |
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908 * Input Methods:: Input methods allow users to enter various |
40834 | 909 non-ASCII characters without special keyboards. |
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910 * Locales:: Interacting with the POSIX locale. |
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911 |
6451 | 912 Searching and Matching |
913 | |
914 * String Search:: Search for an exact match. | |
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915 * Searching and Case:: Case-independent or case-significant searching. |
6451 | 916 * Regular Expressions:: Describing classes of strings. |
917 * Regexp Search:: Searching for a match for a regexp. | |
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918 * POSIX Regexps:: Searching POSIX-style for the longest match. |
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919 * Match Data:: Finding out which part of the text matched, |
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920 after a string or regexp search. |
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921 * Search and Replace:: Commands that loop, searching and replacing. |
6451 | 922 * Standard Regexps:: Useful regexps for finding sentences, pages,... |
923 | |
924 Regular Expressions | |
925 | |
926 * Syntax of Regexps:: Rules for writing regular expressions. | |
927 * Regexp Example:: Illustrates regular expression syntax. | |
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928 * Regexp Functions:: Functions for operating on regular expressions. |
6451 | 929 |
930 Syntax Tables | |
931 | |
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932 * Syntax Basics:: Basic concepts of syntax tables. |
6451 | 933 * Syntax Descriptors:: How characters are classified. |
934 * Syntax Table Functions:: How to create, examine and alter syntax tables. | |
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935 * Syntax Properties:: Overriding syntax with text properties. |
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936 * Motion and Syntax:: Moving over characters with certain syntaxes. |
6451 | 937 * Parsing Expressions:: Parsing balanced expressions |
938 using the syntax table. | |
939 * Standard Syntax Tables:: Syntax tables used by various major modes. | |
940 * Syntax Table Internals:: How syntax table information is stored. | |
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941 * Categories:: Another way of classifying character syntax. |
6451 | 942 |
943 Syntax Descriptors | |
944 | |
945 * Syntax Class Table:: Table of syntax classes. | |
946 * Syntax Flags:: Additional flags each character can have. | |
947 | |
948 Abbrevs And Abbrev Expansion | |
949 | |
950 * Abbrev Mode:: Setting up Emacs for abbreviation. | |
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951 * Abbrev Tables:: Creating and working with abbrev tables. |
6451 | 952 * Defining Abbrevs:: Specifying abbreviations and their expansions. |
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953 * Abbrev Files:: Saving abbrevs in files. |
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954 * Abbrev Expansion:: Controlling expansion; expansion subroutines. |
6451 | 955 * Standard Abbrev Tables:: Abbrev tables used by various major modes. |
956 | |
957 Processes | |
958 | |
959 * Subprocess Creation:: Functions that start subprocesses. | |
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960 * Shell Arguments:: Quoting an argument to pass it to a shell. |
6451 | 961 * Synchronous Processes:: Details of using synchronous subprocesses. |
962 * Asynchronous Processes:: Starting up an asynchronous subprocess. | |
963 * Deleting Processes:: Eliminating an asynchronous subprocess. | |
964 * Process Information:: Accessing run-status and other attributes. | |
965 * Input to Processes:: Sending input to an asynchronous subprocess. | |
966 * Signals to Processes:: Stopping, continuing or interrupting | |
967 an asynchronous subprocess. | |
968 * Output from Processes:: Collecting output from an asynchronous subprocess. | |
969 * Sentinels:: Sentinels run when process run-status changes. | |
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970 * Query Before Exit:: Whether to query if exiting will kill a process. |
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971 * Transaction Queues:: Transaction-based communication with subprocesses. |
12098 | 972 * Network:: Opening network connections. |
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973 * Network Servers:: Network servers let Emacs accept net connections. |
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974 * Datagrams:: UDP network connections. |
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975 * Low-Level Network:: Lower-level but more general function |
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976 to create connections and servers. |
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977 * Misc Network:: Additional relevant functions for network connections. |
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978 * Byte Packing:: Using bindat to pack and unpack binary data. |
6451 | 979 |
980 Receiving Output from Processes | |
981 | |
982 * Process Buffers:: If no filter, output is put in a buffer. | |
983 * Filter Functions:: Filter functions accept output from the process. | |
52157 | 984 * Decoding Output:: Filters can get unibyte or multibyte strings. |
6451 | 985 * Accepting Output:: How to wait until process output arrives. |
986 | |
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987 Emacs Display |
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988 |
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989 * Refresh Screen:: Clearing the screen and redrawing everything on it. |
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990 * Forcing Redisplay:: Forcing redisplay. |
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991 * Truncation:: Folding or wrapping long text lines. |
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992 * The Echo Area:: Displaying messages at the bottom of the screen. |
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993 * Warnings:: Displaying warning messages for the user. |
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994 * Invisible Text:: Hiding part of the buffer text. |
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995 * Selective Display:: Hiding part of the buffer text (the old way). |
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996 * Temporary Displays:: Displays that go away automatically. |
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997 * Overlays:: Use overlays to highlight parts of the buffer. |
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998 * Width:: How wide a character or string is on the screen. |
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999 * Line Height:: Controlling the height of lines. |
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1000 * Faces:: A face defines a graphics style |
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1001 for text characters: font, colors, etc. |
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1002 * Fringes:: Controlling window fringes. |
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1003 * Scroll Bars:: Controlling vertical scroll bars. |
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1004 * Pointer Shape:: Controlling the mouse pointer shape. |
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1005 * Display Property:: Enabling special display features. |
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1006 * Images:: Displaying images in Emacs buffers. |
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1007 * Buttons:: Adding clickable buttons to Emacs buffers. |
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1008 * Blinking:: How Emacs shows the matching open parenthesis. |
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1009 * Usual Display:: The usual conventions for displaying nonprinting chars. |
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1010 * Display Tables:: How to specify other conventions. |
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1011 * Beeping:: Audible signal to the user. |
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1012 * Window Systems:: Which window system is being used. |
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1013 |
6451 | 1014 Operating System Interface |
1015 | |
1016 * Starting Up:: Customizing Emacs start-up processing. | |
1017 * Getting Out:: How exiting works (permanent or temporary). | |
1018 * System Environment:: Distinguish the name and kind of system. | |
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1019 * User Identification:: Finding the name and user id of the user. |
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1020 * Time of Day:: Getting the current time. |
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1021 * Time Conversion:: Converting a time from numeric form to a string, or |
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1022 to calendrical data (or vice versa). |
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1023 * Time Parsing:: Converting a time from numeric form to text |
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1024 and vice versa. |
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1025 * Processor Run Time:: Getting the run time used by Emacs. |
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1026 * Time Calculations:: Adding, subtracting, comparing times, etc. |
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1027 * Timers:: Setting a timer to call a function at a certain time. |
6451 | 1028 * Terminal Input:: Recording terminal input for debugging. |
1029 * Terminal Output:: Recording terminal output for debugging. | |
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1030 * Sound Output:: Playing sounds on the computer's speaker. |
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1031 * X11 Keysyms:: Operating on key symbols for X Windows |
6451 | 1032 * Batch Mode:: Running Emacs without terminal interaction. |
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1033 * Session Management:: Saving and restoring state with X Session Management. |
6451 | 1034 |
1035 Starting Up Emacs | |
1036 | |
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1037 * Startup Summary:: Sequence of actions Emacs performs at start-up. |
6451 | 1038 * Init File:: Details on reading the init file (@file{.emacs}). |
1039 * Terminal-Specific:: How the terminal-specific Lisp file is read. | |
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1040 * Command-Line Arguments:: How command line arguments are processed, |
6451 | 1041 and how you can customize them. |
1042 | |
1043 Getting out of Emacs | |
1044 | |
1045 * Killing Emacs:: Exiting Emacs irreversibly. | |
1046 * Suspending Emacs:: Exiting Emacs reversibly. | |
1047 | |
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1048 Tips and Conventions |
6451 | 1049 |
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1050 * Coding Conventions:: Conventions for clean and robust programs. |
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1051 * Key Binding Conventions:: Which keys should be bound by which programs. |
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1052 * Programming Tips:: Making Emacs code fit smoothly in Emacs. |
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1053 * Compilation Tips:: Making compiled code run fast. |
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1054 * Warning Tips:: Turning off compiler warnings. |
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1055 * Documentation Tips:: Writing readable documentation strings. |
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1056 * Comment Tips:: Conventions for writing comments. |
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1057 * Library Headers:: Standard headers for library packages. |
6451 | 1058 |
1059 GNU Emacs Internals | |
1060 | |
1061 * Building Emacs:: How to preload Lisp libraries into Emacs. | |
1062 * Pure Storage:: A kludge to make preloaded Lisp functions sharable. | |
1063 * Garbage Collection:: Reclaiming space for Lisp objects no longer used. | |
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1064 * Memory Usage:: Info about total size of Lisp objects made so far. |
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1065 * Writing Emacs Primitives:: Writing C code for Emacs. |
6451 | 1066 * Object Internals:: Data formats of buffers, windows, processes. |
1067 | |
1068 Object Internals | |
1069 | |
1070 * Buffer Internals:: Components of a buffer structure. | |
1071 * Window Internals:: Components of a window structure. | |
1072 * Process Internals:: Components of a process structure. | |
1073 @end menu | |
1074 | |
1075 @include intro.texi | |
1076 @include objects.texi | |
1077 @include numbers.texi | |
1078 @include strings.texi | |
1079 | |
1080 @include lists.texi | |
1081 @include sequences.texi | |
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1082 @include hash.texi |
6451 | 1083 @include symbols.texi |
1084 @include eval.texi | |
1085 | |
1086 @include control.texi | |
1087 @include variables.texi | |
1088 @include functions.texi | |
1089 @include macros.texi | |
1090 | |
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1091 @include customize.texi |
6451 | 1092 @include loading.texi |
1093 @include compile.texi | |
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1094 @include advice.texi |
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1095 |
6451 | 1096 @include debugging.texi |
1097 @include streams.texi | |
1098 @include minibuf.texi | |
1099 @include commands.texi | |
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1100 |
6451 | 1101 @include keymaps.texi |
1102 @include modes.texi | |
1103 @include help.texi | |
1104 @include files.texi | |
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1105 |
6451 | 1106 @include backups.texi |
1107 @include buffers.texi | |
1108 @include windows.texi | |
1109 @include frames.texi | |
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1110 |
6451 | 1111 @include positions.texi |
1112 @include markers.texi | |
1113 @include text.texi | |
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1114 @include nonascii.texi |
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1115 |
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1116 @include searching.texi |
6451 | 1117 @include syntax.texi |
1118 @include abbrevs.texi | |
1119 @include processes.texi | |
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1120 |
6451 | 1121 @include display.texi |
26211 | 1122 @include os.texi |
6451 | 1123 |
1124 @c MOVE to Emacs Manual: include misc-modes.texi | |
1125 | |
1126 @c appendices | |
1127 | |
1128 @c REMOVE this: include non-hacker.texi | |
1129 | |
25875 | 1130 @include anti.texi |
29116 | 1131 @include doclicense.texi |
1132 @include gpl.texi | |
6451 | 1133 @include tips.texi |
1134 @include internals.texi | |
1135 @include errors.texi | |
1136 @include locals.texi | |
1137 @include maps.texi | |
1138 @include hooks.texi | |
1139 | |
1140 @include index.texi | |
1141 | |
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1142 @node New Symbols, , Index, Top |
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1143 @unnumbered New Symbols Since the Previous Edition |
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1144 |
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1145 @printindex tp |
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1146 |
6451 | 1147 @bye |
1148 | |
1149 | |
1150 These words prevent "local variables" above from confusing Emacs. | |
52401 | 1151 |
1152 @ignore | |
1153 arch-tag: f7e9a219-a0e1-4776-b631-08eaa1d49b34 | |
1154 @end ignore |