Mercurial > emacs
annotate lispref/windows.texi @ 82966:28d9e552d178
Merge some changes from Emacs/trunk:
2004-08-22 Reiner Steib <Reiner.Steib@gmx.de>
* gnus-mlspl.el (gnus-group-split-update): Fix docstring.
2004-08-22 Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
* gnus-art.el: Use inhibit-read-only instead of buffer-read-only.
(gnus-narrow-to-page): Don't assume point-min == 1.
(gnus-article-edit-mode): Derive from message-mode.
* gnus-score.el (gnus-score-find-bnews): Simplify and don't assume
point-min == 1.
* imap.el (imap-parse-address-list, imap-parse-body-ext):
Disable incorrect use of `assert'.
[Emacs/trunk 2004-03-22]
* message.el (message-mode): Set comment-start-skip.
[Emacs/trunk 2004-03-04]
2004-08-22 Sam Steingold <sds@gnu.org>
* pop3.el (pop3-leave-mail-on-server): New user variable.
(pop3-movemail): Delete mail only when it is nil.
[Emacs/trunk 2003-06-11]
author | Reiner Steib <Reiner.Steib@gmx.de> |
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date | Sun, 22 Aug 2004 19:35:29 +0000 |
parents | 81f58ee62d32 |
children | 71acae3800d6 b9eee0a7bef5 |
rev | line source |
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6564 | 1 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. | |
27189 | 3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999 |
4 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
6564 | 5 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. |
6 @setfilename ../info/windows | |
7 @node Windows, Frames, Buffers, Top | |
8 @chapter Windows | |
9 | |
10 This chapter describes most of the functions and variables related to | |
11 Emacs windows. See @ref{Display}, for information on how text is | |
12 displayed in windows. | |
13 | |
14 @menu | |
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15 * Basic Windows:: Basic information on using windows. |
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16 * Splitting Windows:: Splitting one window into two windows. |
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17 * Deleting Windows:: Deleting a window gives its space to other windows. |
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18 * Selecting Windows:: The selected window is the one that you edit in. |
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19 * Cyclic Window Ordering:: Moving around the existing windows. |
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20 * Buffers and Windows:: Each window displays the contents of a buffer. |
54043 | 21 * Displaying Buffers:: Higher-level functions for displaying a buffer |
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22 and choosing a window for it. |
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23 * Choosing Window:: How to choose a window for displaying a buffer. |
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24 * Window Point:: Each window has its own location of point. |
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25 * Window Start:: The display-start position controls which text |
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26 is on-screen in the window. |
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27 * Textual Scrolling:: Moving text up and down through the window. |
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28 * Vertical Scrolling:: Moving the contents up and down on the window. |
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29 * Horizontal Scrolling:: Moving the contents sideways on the window. |
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30 * Size of Window:: Accessing the size of a window. |
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31 * Resizing Windows:: Changing the size of a window. |
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32 * Coordinates and Windows:: Converting coordinates to windows. |
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33 * Window Configurations:: Saving and restoring the state of the screen. |
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34 * Window Hooks:: Hooks for scrolling, window size changes, |
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35 redisplay going past a certain point, |
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36 or window configuration changes. |
6564 | 37 @end menu |
38 | |
39 @node Basic Windows | |
40 @section Basic Concepts of Emacs Windows | |
41 @cindex window | |
42 @cindex selected window | |
43 | |
12098 | 44 A @dfn{window} in Emacs is the physical area of the screen in which a |
45 buffer is displayed. The term is also used to refer to a Lisp object that | |
6564 | 46 represents that screen area in Emacs Lisp. It should be |
47 clear from the context which is meant. | |
48 | |
12098 | 49 Emacs groups windows into frames. A frame represents an area of |
50 screen available for Emacs to use. Each frame always contains at least | |
51 one window, but you can subdivide it vertically or horizontally into | |
52 multiple nonoverlapping Emacs windows. | |
6564 | 53 |
12098 | 54 In each frame, at any time, one and only one window is designated as |
55 @dfn{selected within the frame}. The frame's cursor appears in that | |
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56 window. At any time, one frame is the selected frame; and the window |
12098 | 57 selected within that frame is @dfn{the selected window}. The selected |
58 window's buffer is usually the current buffer (except when | |
59 @code{set-buffer} has been used). @xref{Current Buffer}. | |
60 | |
61 For practical purposes, a window exists only while it is displayed in | |
62 a frame. Once removed from the frame, the window is effectively deleted | |
63 and should not be used, @emph{even though there may still be references | |
64 to it} from other Lisp objects. Restoring a saved window configuration | |
65 is the only way for a window no longer on the screen to come back to | |
66 life. (@xref{Deleting Windows}.) | |
6564 | 67 |
68 Each window has the following attributes: | |
69 | |
70 @itemize @bullet | |
71 @item | |
72 containing frame | |
73 | |
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74 @item |
6564 | 75 window height |
76 | |
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77 @item |
6564 | 78 window width |
79 | |
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80 @item |
6564 | 81 window edges with respect to the screen or frame |
82 | |
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83 @item |
6564 | 84 the buffer it displays |
85 | |
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86 @item |
6564 | 87 position within the buffer at the upper left of the window |
88 | |
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89 @item |
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90 amount of horizontal scrolling, in columns |
6564 | 91 |
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92 @item |
6564 | 93 point |
94 | |
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95 @item |
6564 | 96 the mark |
97 | |
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98 @item |
6564 | 99 how recently the window was selected |
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100 |
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101 @item |
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102 fringe settings |
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103 |
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104 @item |
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105 display margins |
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106 |
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107 @item |
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108 scroll-bar settings |
6564 | 109 @end itemize |
110 | |
111 @cindex multiple windows | |
112 Users create multiple windows so they can look at several buffers at | |
113 once. Lisp libraries use multiple windows for a variety of reasons, but | |
12098 | 114 most often to display related information. In Rmail, for example, you |
115 can move through a summary buffer in one window while the other window | |
116 shows messages one at a time as they are reached. | |
6564 | 117 |
118 The meaning of ``window'' in Emacs is similar to what it means in the | |
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119 context of general-purpose window systems such as X, but not identical. |
12098 | 120 The X Window System places X windows on the screen; Emacs uses one or |
121 more X windows as frames, and subdivides them into | |
122 Emacs windows. When you use Emacs on a character-only terminal, Emacs | |
123 treats the whole terminal screen as one frame. | |
6564 | 124 |
125 @cindex terminal screen | |
126 @cindex screen of terminal | |
127 @cindex tiled windows | |
128 Most window systems support arbitrarily located overlapping windows. | |
129 In contrast, Emacs windows are @dfn{tiled}; they never overlap, and | |
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130 together they fill the whole screen or frame. Because of the way in |
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131 which Emacs creates new windows and resizes them, not all conceivable |
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132 tilings of windows on an Emacs frame are actually possible. |
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133 @xref{Splitting Windows}, and @ref{Size of Window}. |
6564 | 134 |
135 @xref{Display}, for information on how the contents of the | |
136 window's buffer are displayed in the window. | |
137 | |
138 @defun windowp object | |
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139 This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a window. |
6564 | 140 @end defun |
141 | |
142 @node Splitting Windows | |
143 @section Splitting Windows | |
144 @cindex splitting windows | |
145 @cindex window splitting | |
146 | |
147 The functions described here are the primitives used to split a window | |
148 into two windows. Two higher level functions sometimes split a window, | |
149 but not always: @code{pop-to-buffer} and @code{display-buffer} | |
150 (@pxref{Displaying Buffers}). | |
151 | |
152 The functions described here do not accept a buffer as an argument. | |
153 The two ``halves'' of the split window initially display the same buffer | |
154 previously visible in the window that was split. | |
155 | |
156 @deffn Command split-window &optional window size horizontal | |
157 This function splits @var{window} into two windows. The original | |
158 window @var{window} remains the selected window, but occupies only | |
159 part of its former screen area. The rest is occupied by a newly created | |
160 window which is returned as the value of this function. | |
161 | |
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162 If @var{horizontal} is non-@code{nil}, then @var{window} splits into |
6564 | 163 two side by side windows. The original window @var{window} keeps the |
164 leftmost @var{size} columns, and gives the rest of the columns to the | |
165 new window. Otherwise, it splits into windows one above the other, and | |
166 @var{window} keeps the upper @var{size} lines and gives the rest of the | |
167 lines to the new window. The original window is therefore the | |
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168 left-hand or upper of the two, and the new window is the right-hand or |
6564 | 169 lower. |
170 | |
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171 If @var{window} is omitted or @code{nil}, then the selected window is |
6564 | 172 split. If @var{size} is omitted or @code{nil}, then @var{window} is |
173 divided evenly into two parts. (If there is an odd line, it is | |
174 allocated to the new window.) When @code{split-window} is called | |
175 interactively, all its arguments are @code{nil}. | |
176 | |
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177 If splitting would result in making a window that is smaller than |
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178 @code{window-min-height} or @code{window-min-width}, the function |
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179 signals an error and does not split the window at all. |
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180 |
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181 The following example starts with one window on a screen that is 50 |
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182 lines high by 80 columns wide; then it splits the window. |
6564 | 183 |
184 @smallexample | |
185 @group | |
186 (setq w (selected-window)) | |
187 @result{} #<window 8 on windows.texi> | |
188 (window-edges) ; @r{Edges in order:} | |
189 @result{} (0 0 80 50) ; @r{left--top--right--bottom} | |
190 @end group | |
191 | |
192 @group | |
193 ;; @r{Returns window created} | |
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194 (setq w2 (split-window w 15)) |
6564 | 195 @result{} #<window 28 on windows.texi> |
196 @end group | |
197 @group | |
198 (window-edges w2) | |
199 @result{} (0 15 80 50) ; @r{Bottom window;} | |
200 ; @r{top is line 15} | |
201 @end group | |
202 @group | |
203 (window-edges w) | |
204 @result{} (0 0 80 15) ; @r{Top window} | |
205 @end group | |
206 @end smallexample | |
207 | |
208 The screen looks like this: | |
209 | |
210 @smallexample | |
211 @group | |
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212 __________ |
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213 | | line 0 |
6564 | 214 | w | |
215 |__________| | |
216 | | line 15 | |
217 | w2 | | |
218 |__________| | |
219 line 50 | |
220 column 0 column 80 | |
221 @end group | |
222 @end smallexample | |
223 | |
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224 Next, split the top window horizontally: |
6564 | 225 |
226 @smallexample | |
227 @group | |
228 (setq w3 (split-window w 35 t)) | |
229 @result{} #<window 32 on windows.texi> | |
230 @end group | |
231 @group | |
232 (window-edges w3) | |
233 @result{} (35 0 80 15) ; @r{Left edge at column 35} | |
234 @end group | |
235 @group | |
236 (window-edges w) | |
237 @result{} (0 0 35 15) ; @r{Right edge at column 35} | |
238 @end group | |
239 @group | |
240 (window-edges w2) | |
241 @result{} (0 15 80 50) ; @r{Bottom window unchanged} | |
242 @end group | |
243 @end smallexample | |
244 | |
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245 @need 3000 |
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246 Now the screen looks like this: |
6564 | 247 |
248 @smallexample | |
249 @group | |
250 column 35 | |
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251 __________ |
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252 | | | line 0 |
6564 | 253 | w | w3 | |
254 |___|______| | |
255 | | line 15 | |
256 | w2 | | |
257 |__________| | |
258 line 50 | |
259 column 0 column 80 | |
260 @end group | |
261 @end smallexample | |
8926 | 262 |
263 Normally, Emacs indicates the border between two side-by-side windows | |
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264 with a scroll bar (@pxref{Window Frame Parameters,Scroll Bars}) or @samp{|} |
8926 | 265 characters. The display table can specify alternative border |
266 characters; see @ref{Display Tables}. | |
6564 | 267 @end deffn |
268 | |
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269 @deffn Command split-window-vertically &optional size |
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270 This function splits the selected window into two windows, one above the |
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271 other, leaving the upper of the two windows selected, with @var{size} |
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272 lines. (If @var{size} is negative, then the lower of the two windows |
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273 gets @minus{} @var{size} lines and the upper window gets the rest, but |
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274 the upper window is still the one selected.) However, if |
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275 @code{split-window-keep-point} (see below) is @code{nil}, then either |
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276 window can be selected. |
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277 |
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278 In other respects, this function is similar to @code{split-window}. |
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279 In particular, the upper window is the original one and the return |
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280 value is the new, lower window. |
6564 | 281 @end deffn |
282 | |
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283 @defopt split-window-keep-point |
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284 If this variable is non-@code{nil} (the default), then |
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285 @code{split-window-vertically} behaves as described above. |
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286 |
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287 If it is @code{nil}, then @code{split-window-vertically} adjusts point |
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288 in each of the two windows to avoid scrolling. (This is useful on |
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289 slow terminals.) It selects whichever window contains the screen line |
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290 that point was previously on. |
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291 |
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292 This variable only affects the behavior of @code{split-window-vertically}. |
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293 It has no effect on the other functions described here. |
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294 @end defopt |
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295 |
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296 @deffn Command split-window-horizontally &optional size |
6564 | 297 This function splits the selected window into two windows |
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298 side-by-side, leaving the selected window on the left with @var{size} |
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299 columns. If @var{size} is negative, the rightmost window gets |
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300 @minus{} @var{size} columns, but the leftmost window still remains |
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301 selected. |
6564 | 302 |
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303 This function is basically an interface to @code{split-window}. |
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304 You could define a simplified version of the function like this: |
6564 | 305 |
306 @smallexample | |
307 @group | |
308 (defun split-window-horizontally (&optional arg) | |
309 "Split selected window into two windows, side by side..." | |
310 (interactive "P") | |
26211 | 311 @end group |
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312 @group |
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313 (let ((size (and arg (prefix-numeric-value arg)))) |
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314 (and size (< size 0) |
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315 (setq size (+ (window-width) size))) |
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316 (split-window nil size t))) |
6564 | 317 @end group |
318 @end smallexample | |
319 @end deffn | |
320 | |
321 @defun one-window-p &optional no-mini all-frames | |
322 This function returns non-@code{nil} if there is only one window. The | |
323 argument @var{no-mini}, if non-@code{nil}, means don't count the | |
324 minibuffer even if it is active; otherwise, the minibuffer window is | |
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325 counted when it is active. |
6564 | 326 |
327 The argument @var{all-frames} specifies which frames to consider. Here | |
328 are the possible values and their meanings: | |
329 | |
330 @table @asis | |
331 @item @code{nil} | |
332 Count the windows in the selected frame, plus the minibuffer used | |
333 by that frame even if it lies in some other frame. | |
334 | |
335 @item @code{t} | |
336 Count all windows in all existing frames. | |
337 | |
338 @item @code{visible} | |
339 Count all windows in all visible frames. | |
340 | |
12098 | 341 @item 0 |
342 Count all windows in all visible or iconified frames. | |
343 | |
6564 | 344 @item anything else |
345 Count precisely the windows in the selected frame, and no others. | |
346 @end table | |
347 @end defun | |
348 | |
349 @node Deleting Windows | |
350 @section Deleting Windows | |
351 @cindex deleting windows | |
352 | |
353 A window remains visible on its frame unless you @dfn{delete} it by | |
354 calling certain functions that delete windows. A deleted window cannot | |
355 appear on the screen, but continues to exist as a Lisp object until | |
356 there are no references to it. There is no way to cancel the deletion | |
357 of a window aside from restoring a saved window configuration | |
358 (@pxref{Window Configurations}). Restoring a window configuration also | |
359 deletes any windows that aren't part of that configuration. | |
360 | |
361 When you delete a window, the space it took up is given to one | |
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362 adjacent sibling. |
6564 | 363 |
364 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
365 @defun window-live-p window | |
366 This function returns @code{nil} if @var{window} is deleted, and | |
367 @code{t} otherwise. | |
368 | |
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369 @strong{Warning:} Erroneous information or fatal errors may result from |
6564 | 370 using a deleted window as if it were live. |
371 @end defun | |
372 | |
373 @deffn Command delete-window &optional window | |
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374 This function removes @var{window} from display, and returns @code{nil}. |
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375 If @var{window} is omitted, then the selected window is deleted. An |
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376 error is signaled if there is only one window when @code{delete-window} |
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377 is called. |
6564 | 378 @end deffn |
379 | |
380 @deffn Command delete-other-windows &optional window | |
381 This function makes @var{window} the only window on its frame, by | |
382 deleting the other windows in that frame. If @var{window} is omitted or | |
383 @code{nil}, then the selected window is used by default. | |
384 | |
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385 The return value is @code{nil}. |
6564 | 386 @end deffn |
387 | |
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388 @deffn Command delete-windows-on buffer-or-name &optional frame |
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389 This function deletes all windows showing @var{buffer-or-name}. If |
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390 there are no windows showing @var{buffer-or-name}, it does nothing. |
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391 @var{buffer-or-name} must be a buffer or the name of an existing |
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392 buffer. |
6564 | 393 |
394 @code{delete-windows-on} operates frame by frame. If a frame has | |
395 several windows showing different buffers, then those showing | |
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396 @var{buffer-or-name} are removed, and the others expand to fill the |
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397 space. If all windows in some frame are showing @var{buffer-or-name} |
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398 (including the case where there is only one window), then the frame |
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399 winds up with a single window showing another buffer chosen with |
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400 @code{other-buffer}. @xref{The Buffer List}. |
6564 | 401 |
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402 The argument @var{frame} controls which frames to operate on. This |
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403 function does not use it in quite the same way as the other functions |
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404 which scan all windows; specifically, the values @code{t} and @code{nil} |
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405 have the opposite of their meanings in other functions. Here are the |
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406 full details: |
6564 | 407 |
408 @itemize @bullet | |
409 @item | |
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410 If it is @code{nil}, operate on all frames. |
6564 | 411 @item |
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412 If it is @code{t}, operate on the selected frame. |
6564 | 413 @item |
414 If it is @code{visible}, operate on all visible frames. | |
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415 @item |
12098 | 416 If it is 0, operate on all visible or iconified frames. |
6564 | 417 @item |
418 If it is a frame, operate on that frame. | |
419 @end itemize | |
420 | |
421 This function always returns @code{nil}. | |
422 @end deffn | |
423 | |
424 @node Selecting Windows | |
425 @section Selecting Windows | |
426 @cindex selecting windows | |
427 | |
428 When a window is selected, the buffer in the window becomes the current | |
429 buffer, and the cursor will appear in it. | |
430 | |
431 @defun selected-window | |
432 This function returns the selected window. This is the window in | |
433 which the cursor appears and to which many commands apply. | |
434 @end defun | |
435 | |
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436 @defun select-window window &optional norecord |
6564 | 437 This function makes @var{window} the selected window. The cursor then |
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438 appears in @var{window} (on redisplay). Unless @var{window} was |
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439 already selected, @code{select-window} makes @var{window}'s buffer the |
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440 current buffer. |
6564 | 441 |
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442 Normally @var{window}'s selected buffer is moved to the front of the |
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443 buffer list, but if @var{norecord} is non-@code{nil}, the buffer list |
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444 order is unchanged. |
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445 |
6564 | 446 The return value is @var{window}. |
447 | |
448 @example | |
449 @group | |
450 (setq w (next-window)) | |
451 (select-window w) | |
452 @result{} #<window 65 on windows.texi> | |
453 @end group | |
454 @end example | |
455 @end defun | |
456 | |
12098 | 457 @defmac save-selected-window forms@dots{} |
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458 This macro records the selected window, as well as the selected window |
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459 of each frame, executes @var{forms} in sequence, then restores the |
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460 earlier selected windows. It returns the value of the last form in |
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461 @var{forms}. |
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462 |
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463 This macro does not save or restore anything about the sizes, |
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464 arrangement or contents of windows; therefore, if the @var{forms} |
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465 change them, the change persists. If the previously selected window |
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466 of some frame is no longer live at the time of exit from @var{forms}, |
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467 that frame's selected window is left alone. If the previously |
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468 selected window is no longer live, then whatever window is selected at |
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469 the end of @var{forms} remains selected. |
12098 | 470 @end defmac |
471 | |
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472 @defmac with-selected-window window forms@dots{} |
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473 This macro selects @var{window} (without changing the buffer list), |
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474 executes @var{forms} in sequence, then restores the previously |
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475 selected window (unless that window is no longer alive). It is similar |
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476 to @code{save-selected-window} except that it explicitly selects |
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477 @var{window}, without altering the buffer list sequence. |
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478 @end defmac |
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479 |
6564 | 480 @cindex finding windows |
481 The following functions choose one of the windows on the screen, | |
482 offering various criteria for the choice. | |
483 | |
484 @defun get-lru-window &optional frame | |
485 This function returns the window least recently ``used'' (that is, | |
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486 selected). If any full-width windows are present, it only considers |
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487 these. The selected window is always the most recently used window. |
6564 | 488 |
489 The selected window can be the least recently used window if it is the | |
490 only window. A newly created window becomes the least recently used | |
491 window until it is selected. A minibuffer window is never a candidate. | |
492 | |
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493 The argument @var{frame} controls which windows are considered. |
6564 | 494 |
495 @itemize @bullet | |
496 @item | |
497 If it is @code{nil}, consider windows on the selected frame. | |
498 @item | |
499 If it is @code{t}, consider windows on all frames. | |
500 @item | |
501 If it is @code{visible}, consider windows on all visible frames. | |
502 @item | |
12098 | 503 If it is 0, consider windows on all visible or iconified frames. |
504 @item | |
6564 | 505 If it is a frame, consider windows on that frame. |
506 @end itemize | |
507 @end defun | |
508 | |
509 @defun get-largest-window &optional frame | |
510 This function returns the window with the largest area (height times | |
511 width). If there are no side-by-side windows, then this is the window | |
512 with the most lines. A minibuffer window is never a candidate. | |
513 | |
514 If there are two windows of the same size, then the function returns | |
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515 the window that is first in the cyclic ordering of windows (see |
6564 | 516 following section), starting from the selected window. |
517 | |
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518 The argument @var{frame} controls which set of windows to |
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519 consider. See @code{get-lru-window}, above. |
6564 | 520 @end defun |
521 | |
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522 @cindex window that satisfies a predicate |
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523 @cindex conditional selection of windows |
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524 @defun get-window-with-predicate predicate &optional minibuf all-frames default |
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525 This function returns a window satisfying @var{predicate}. It cycles |
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526 through all visible windows using @code{walk-windows} (@pxref{Cyclic |
51704 | 527 Window Ordering}), calling @var{predicate} on each one of them |
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528 with that window as its argument. The function returns the first |
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529 window for which @var{predicate} returns a non-@code{nil} value; if |
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530 that never happens, it returns @var{default}. |
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531 |
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532 The optional arguments @var{minibuf} and @var{all-frames} specify the |
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533 set of windows to include in the scan. See the description of |
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534 @code{next-window} in @ref{Cyclic Window Ordering}, for details. |
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535 @end defun |
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536 |
6564 | 537 @node Cyclic Window Ordering |
538 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
539 @section Cyclic Ordering of Windows | |
540 @cindex cyclic ordering of windows | |
541 @cindex ordering of windows, cyclic | |
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542 @cindex window ordering, cyclic |
6564 | 543 |
544 When you use the command @kbd{C-x o} (@code{other-window}) to select | |
545 the next window, it moves through all the windows on the screen in a | |
546 specific cyclic order. For any given configuration of windows, this | |
547 order never varies. It is called the @dfn{cyclic ordering of windows}. | |
548 | |
549 This ordering generally goes from top to bottom, and from left to | |
550 right. But it may go down first or go right first, depending on the | |
551 order in which the windows were split. | |
552 | |
553 If the first split was vertical (into windows one above each other), | |
554 and then the subwindows were split horizontally, then the ordering is | |
555 left to right in the top of the frame, and then left to right in the | |
556 next lower part of the frame, and so on. If the first split was | |
557 horizontal, the ordering is top to bottom in the left part, and so on. | |
558 In general, within each set of siblings at any level in the window tree, | |
559 the order is left to right, or top to bottom. | |
560 | |
561 @defun next-window &optional window minibuf all-frames | |
562 @cindex minibuffer window | |
563 This function returns the window following @var{window} in the cyclic | |
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564 ordering of windows. This is the window that @kbd{C-x o} would select |
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565 if typed when @var{window} is selected. If @var{window} is the only |
6564 | 566 window visible, then this function returns @var{window}. If omitted, |
567 @var{window} defaults to the selected window. | |
568 | |
569 The value of the argument @var{minibuf} determines whether the | |
570 minibuffer is included in the window order. Normally, when | |
571 @var{minibuf} is @code{nil}, the minibuffer is included if it is | |
572 currently active; this is the behavior of @kbd{C-x o}. (The minibuffer | |
573 window is active while the minibuffer is in use. @xref{Minibuffers}.) | |
574 | |
575 If @var{minibuf} is @code{t}, then the cyclic ordering includes the | |
576 minibuffer window even if it is not active. | |
577 | |
578 If @var{minibuf} is neither @code{t} nor @code{nil}, then the minibuffer | |
579 window is not included even if it is active. | |
580 | |
581 The argument @var{all-frames} specifies which frames to consider. Here | |
582 are the possible values and their meanings: | |
583 | |
584 @table @asis | |
585 @item @code{nil} | |
586 Consider all the windows in @var{window}'s frame, plus the minibuffer | |
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587 used by that frame even if it lies in some other frame. If the |
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588 minibuffer counts (as determined by @var{minibuf}), then all windows on |
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589 all frames that share that minibuffer count too. |
6564 | 590 |
591 @item @code{t} | |
592 Consider all windows in all existing frames. | |
593 | |
594 @item @code{visible} | |
595 Consider all windows in all visible frames. (To get useful results, you | |
596 must ensure @var{window} is in a visible frame.) | |
597 | |
12099 | 598 @item 0 |
12098 | 599 Consider all windows in all visible or iconified frames. |
600 | |
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601 @item a frame |
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602 Consider all windows on that frame. |
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603 |
6564 | 604 @item anything else |
605 Consider precisely the windows in @var{window}'s frame, and no others. | |
606 @end table | |
607 | |
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608 This example assumes there are two windows, both displaying the |
6564 | 609 buffer @samp{windows.texi}: |
610 | |
611 @example | |
612 @group | |
613 (selected-window) | |
614 @result{} #<window 56 on windows.texi> | |
615 @end group | |
616 @group | |
617 (next-window (selected-window)) | |
618 @result{} #<window 52 on windows.texi> | |
619 @end group | |
620 @group | |
621 (next-window (next-window (selected-window))) | |
622 @result{} #<window 56 on windows.texi> | |
623 @end group | |
624 @end example | |
625 @end defun | |
626 | |
627 @defun previous-window &optional window minibuf all-frames | |
628 This function returns the window preceding @var{window} in the cyclic | |
629 ordering of windows. The other arguments specify which windows to | |
630 include in the cycle, as in @code{next-window}. | |
631 @end defun | |
632 | |
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633 @deffn Command other-window count &optional all-frames |
6564 | 634 This function selects the @var{count}th following window in the cyclic |
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635 order. If count is negative, then it moves back @minus{}@var{count} |
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636 windows in the cycle, rather than forward. It returns @code{nil}. |
6564 | 637 |
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638 The argument @var{all-frames} has the same meaning as in |
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639 @code{next-window}, but the @var{minibuf} argument of @code{next-window} |
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640 is always effectively @code{nil}. |
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641 |
6564 | 642 In an interactive call, @var{count} is the numeric prefix argument. |
643 @end deffn | |
644 | |
645 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
646 @defun walk-windows proc &optional minibuf all-frames | |
647 This function cycles through all windows, calling @code{proc} | |
648 once for each window with the window as its sole argument. | |
649 | |
650 The optional arguments @var{minibuf} and @var{all-frames} specify the | |
651 set of windows to include in the scan. See @code{next-window}, above, | |
652 for details. | |
653 @end defun | |
654 | |
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655 @defun window-list &optional frame minibuf window |
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656 This function returns a list of the windows on @var{frame}, starting |
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657 with @var{window}. If @var{frame} is @code{nil} or omitted, the |
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658 selected frame is used instead; if @var{window} is @code{nil} or |
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659 omitted, the selected window is used instead. |
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660 |
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661 The value of @var{minibuf} determines if the minibuffer window will be |
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662 included in the result list. If @var{minibuf} is @code{t}, the |
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663 minibuffer window will be included, even if it isn't active. If |
33826 | 664 @var{minibuf} is @code{nil} or omitted, the minibuffer window will |
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665 only be included in the list if it is active. If @var{minibuf} is |
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666 neither @code{nil} nor @code{t}, the minibuffer window is not |
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667 included, whether or not it is active. |
33826 | 668 @end defun |
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669 |
6564 | 670 @node Buffers and Windows |
671 @section Buffers and Windows | |
672 @cindex examining windows | |
673 @cindex windows, controlling precisely | |
674 @cindex buffers, controlled in windows | |
675 | |
676 This section describes low-level functions to examine windows or to | |
677 display buffers in windows in a precisely controlled fashion. | |
678 @iftex | |
679 See the following section for | |
680 @end iftex | |
27193 | 681 @ifnottex |
6564 | 682 @xref{Displaying Buffers}, for |
27193 | 683 @end ifnottex |
6564 | 684 related functions that find a window to use and specify a buffer for it. |
685 The functions described there are easier to use than these, but they | |
686 employ heuristics in choosing or creating a window; use these functions | |
687 when you need complete control. | |
688 | |
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689 @defun set-window-buffer window buffer-or-name &optional keep-margins |
6564 | 690 This function makes @var{window} display @var{buffer-or-name} as its |
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691 contents. It returns @code{nil}. @var{buffer-or-name} must be a |
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692 buffer, or the name of an existing buffer. This is the fundamental |
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693 primitive for changing which buffer is displayed in a window, and all |
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694 ways of doing that call this function. |
6564 | 695 |
696 @example | |
697 @group | |
698 (set-window-buffer (selected-window) "foo") | |
699 @result{} nil | |
700 @end group | |
701 @end example | |
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702 |
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703 Normally, displaying @var{buffer} in @var{window} resets the window's |
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704 display margins, fringe widths, scroll bar settings, and position |
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705 based on the local variables of @var{buffer}. However, if |
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706 @var{keep-margins} is non-@code{nil}, the display margins and fringe |
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707 widths of @var{window} remain unchanged. @xref{Fringes}. |
6564 | 708 @end defun |
709 | |
710 @defun window-buffer &optional window | |
711 This function returns the buffer that @var{window} is displaying. If | |
712 @var{window} is omitted, this function returns the buffer for the | |
713 selected window. | |
714 | |
715 @example | |
716 @group | |
717 (window-buffer) | |
718 @result{} #<buffer windows.texi> | |
719 @end group | |
720 @end example | |
721 @end defun | |
722 | |
723 @defun get-buffer-window buffer-or-name &optional all-frames | |
724 This function returns a window currently displaying | |
725 @var{buffer-or-name}, or @code{nil} if there is none. If there are | |
726 several such windows, then the function returns the first one in the | |
727 cyclic ordering of windows, starting from the selected window. | |
728 @xref{Cyclic Window Ordering}. | |
729 | |
730 The argument @var{all-frames} controls which windows to consider. | |
731 | |
732 @itemize @bullet | |
733 @item | |
734 If it is @code{nil}, consider windows on the selected frame. | |
735 @item | |
736 If it is @code{t}, consider windows on all frames. | |
737 @item | |
738 If it is @code{visible}, consider windows on all visible frames. | |
739 @item | |
12098 | 740 If it is 0, consider windows on all visible or iconified frames. |
741 @item | |
6564 | 742 If it is a frame, consider windows on that frame. |
743 @end itemize | |
744 @end defun | |
745 | |
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746 @defun get-buffer-window-list buffer-or-name &optional minibuf all-frames |
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747 This function returns a list of all the windows currently displaying |
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748 @var{buffer-or-name}. |
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749 |
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750 The two optional arguments work like the optional arguments of |
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751 @code{next-window} (@pxref{Cyclic Window Ordering}); they are @emph{not} |
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752 like the single optional argument of @code{get-buffer-window}. Perhaps |
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753 we should change @code{get-buffer-window} in the future to make it |
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754 compatible with the other functions. |
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755 @end defun |
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756 |
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757 @defvar buffer-display-time |
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758 This variable records the time at which a buffer was last made visible |
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759 in a window. It is always local in each buffer; each time |
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760 @code{set-window-buffer} is called, it sets this variable to |
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761 @code{(current-time)} in the specified buffer (@pxref{Time of Day}). |
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762 When a buffer is first created, @code{buffer-display-time} starts out |
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763 with the value @code{nil}. |
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764 @end defvar |
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765 |
6564 | 766 @node Displaying Buffers |
767 @section Displaying Buffers in Windows | |
768 @cindex switching to a buffer | |
769 @cindex displaying a buffer | |
770 | |
771 In this section we describe convenient functions that choose a window | |
772 automatically and use it to display a specified buffer. These functions | |
773 can also split an existing window in certain circumstances. We also | |
774 describe variables that parameterize the heuristics used for choosing a | |
775 window. | |
776 @iftex | |
777 See the preceding section for | |
778 @end iftex | |
27193 | 779 @ifnottex |
6564 | 780 @xref{Buffers and Windows}, for |
27193 | 781 @end ifnottex |
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782 low-level functions that give you more precise control. All of these |
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783 functions work by calling @code{set-window-buffer}. |
6564 | 784 |
785 Do not use the functions in this section in order to make a buffer | |
786 current so that a Lisp program can access or modify it; they are too | |
787 drastic for that purpose, since they change the display of buffers in | |
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788 windows, which would be gratuitous and surprise the user. Instead, use |
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789 @code{set-buffer} and @code{save-current-buffer} (@pxref{Current |
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790 Buffer}), which designate buffers as current for programmed access |
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791 without affecting the display of buffers in windows. |
6564 | 792 |
793 @deffn Command switch-to-buffer buffer-or-name &optional norecord | |
794 This function makes @var{buffer-or-name} the current buffer, and also | |
795 displays the buffer in the selected window. This means that a human can | |
796 see the buffer and subsequent keyboard commands will apply to it. | |
797 Contrast this with @code{set-buffer}, which makes @var{buffer-or-name} | |
798 the current buffer but does not display it in the selected window. | |
799 @xref{Current Buffer}. | |
800 | |
12067 | 801 If @var{buffer-or-name} does not identify an existing buffer, then a new |
802 buffer by that name is created. The major mode for the new buffer is | |
803 set according to the variable @code{default-major-mode}. @xref{Auto | |
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804 Major Mode}. If @var{buffer-or-name} is @code{nil}, |
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805 @code{switch-to-buffer} chooses a buffer using @code{other-buffer}. |
6564 | 806 |
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807 Normally the specified buffer is put at the front of the buffer list |
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808 (both the selected frame's buffer list and the frame-independent buffer |
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809 list). This affects the operation of @code{other-buffer}. However, if |
6564 | 810 @var{norecord} is non-@code{nil}, this is not done. @xref{The Buffer |
811 List}. | |
812 | |
813 The @code{switch-to-buffer} function is often used interactively, as | |
814 the binding of @kbd{C-x b}. It is also used frequently in programs. It | |
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815 returns the buffer that it switched to. |
6564 | 816 @end deffn |
817 | |
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818 The next two functions are similar to @code{switch-to-buffer}, except |
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819 for the described features. |
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820 |
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821 @deffn Command switch-to-buffer-other-window buffer-or-name &optional norecord |
6564 | 822 This function makes @var{buffer-or-name} the current buffer and |
823 displays it in a window not currently selected. It then selects that | |
824 window. The handling of the buffer is the same as in | |
825 @code{switch-to-buffer}. | |
826 | |
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827 The currently selected window is absolutely never used to do the job. |
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828 If it is the only window, then it is split to make a distinct window for |
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829 this purpose. If the selected window is already displaying the buffer, |
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830 then it continues to do so, but another window is nonetheless found to |
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831 display it in as well. |
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832 |
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833 This function updates the buffer list just like @code{switch-to-buffer} |
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834 unless @var{norecord} is non-@code{nil}. |
6564 | 835 @end deffn |
836 | |
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837 @defun pop-to-buffer buffer-or-name &optional other-window norecord |
6564 | 838 This function makes @var{buffer-or-name} the current buffer and |
839 switches to it in some window, preferably not the window previously | |
840 selected. The ``popped-to'' window becomes the selected window within | |
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841 its frame. The return value is the buffer that was switched to. |
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842 If @var{buffer-or-name} is @code{nil}, that means to choose some |
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843 other buffer, but you don't specify which. |
6564 | 844 |
845 If the variable @code{pop-up-frames} is non-@code{nil}, | |
846 @code{pop-to-buffer} looks for a window in any visible frame already | |
847 displaying the buffer; if there is one, it returns that window and makes | |
848 it be selected within its frame. If there is none, it creates a new | |
849 frame and displays the buffer in it. | |
850 | |
851 If @code{pop-up-frames} is @code{nil}, then @code{pop-to-buffer} | |
852 operates entirely within the selected frame. (If the selected frame has | |
853 just a minibuffer, @code{pop-to-buffer} operates within the most | |
854 recently selected frame that was not just a minibuffer.) | |
855 | |
856 If the variable @code{pop-up-windows} is non-@code{nil}, windows may | |
857 be split to create a new window that is different from the original | |
858 window. For details, see @ref{Choosing Window}. | |
859 | |
860 If @var{other-window} is non-@code{nil}, @code{pop-to-buffer} finds or | |
861 creates another window even if @var{buffer-or-name} is already visible | |
862 in the selected window. Thus @var{buffer-or-name} could end up | |
863 displayed in two windows. On the other hand, if @var{buffer-or-name} is | |
864 already displayed in the selected window and @var{other-window} is | |
865 @code{nil}, then the selected window is considered sufficient display | |
866 for @var{buffer-or-name}, so that nothing needs to be done. | |
867 | |
12098 | 868 All the variables that affect @code{display-buffer} affect |
869 @code{pop-to-buffer} as well. @xref{Choosing Window}. | |
870 | |
6564 | 871 If @var{buffer-or-name} is a string that does not name an existing |
12067 | 872 buffer, a buffer by that name is created. The major mode for the new |
873 buffer is set according to the variable @code{default-major-mode}. | |
874 @xref{Auto Major Mode}. | |
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875 |
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876 This function updates the buffer list just like @code{switch-to-buffer} |
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877 unless @var{norecord} is non-@code{nil}. |
6564 | 878 @end defun |
879 | |
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880 @deffn Command replace-buffer-in-windows buffer-or-name |
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881 This function replaces @var{buffer-or-name} with some other buffer in all |
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882 windows displaying it. It chooses the other buffer with |
12098 | 883 @code{other-buffer}. In the usual applications of this function, you |
884 don't care which other buffer is used; you just want to make sure that | |
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885 @var{buffer-or-name} is no longer displayed. |
12098 | 886 |
887 This function returns @code{nil}. | |
888 @end deffn | |
889 | |
6564 | 890 @node Choosing Window |
891 @section Choosing a Window for Display | |
892 | |
8491
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893 This section describes the basic facility that chooses a window to |
6564 | 894 display a buffer in---@code{display-buffer}. All the higher-level |
895 functions and commands use this subroutine. Here we describe how to use | |
896 @code{display-buffer} and how to customize it. | |
897 | |
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898 @deffn Command display-buffer buffer-or-name &optional not-this-window frame |
6564 | 899 This command makes @var{buffer-or-name} appear in some window, like |
900 @code{pop-to-buffer}, but it does not select that window and does not | |
901 make the buffer current. The identity of the selected window is | |
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902 unaltered by this function. @var{buffer-or-name} must be a buffer, or |
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903 the name of an existing buffer. |
6564 | 904 |
905 If @var{not-this-window} is non-@code{nil}, it means to display the | |
906 specified buffer in a window other than the selected one, even if it is | |
907 already on display in the selected window. This can cause the buffer to | |
908 appear in two windows at once. Otherwise, if @var{buffer-or-name} is | |
909 already being displayed in any window, that is good enough, so this | |
910 function does nothing. | |
911 | |
912 @code{display-buffer} returns the window chosen to display | |
913 @var{buffer-or-name}. | |
914 | |
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915 If the argument @var{frame} is non-@code{nil}, it specifies which frames |
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916 to check when deciding whether the buffer is already displayed. If the |
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917 buffer is already displayed in some window on one of these frames, |
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918 @code{display-buffer} simply returns that window. Here are the possible |
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919 values of @var{frame}: |
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920 |
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921 @itemize @bullet |
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922 @item |
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923 If it is @code{nil}, consider windows on the selected frame. |
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924 (Actually, the last non-minibuffer frame.) |
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925 @item |
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926 If it is @code{t}, consider windows on all frames. |
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927 @item |
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928 If it is @code{visible}, consider windows on all visible frames. |
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929 @item |
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930 If it is 0, consider windows on all visible or iconified frames. |
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931 @item |
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932 If it is a frame, consider windows on that frame. |
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933 @end itemize |
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934 |
6564 | 935 Precisely how @code{display-buffer} finds or creates a window depends on |
936 the variables described below. | |
937 @end deffn | |
938 | |
30665 | 939 @defopt display-buffer-reuse-frames |
940 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, @code{display-buffer} searches | |
941 existing frames for a window displaying the buffer. If the buffer is | |
942 already displayed in a window in some frame, @code{display-buffer} makes | |
943 the frame visible and raises it, to use that window. If the buffer is | |
944 not already displayed, or if @code{display-buffer-reuse-frames} is | |
945 @code{nil}, @code{display-buffer}'s behavior is determined by other | |
946 variables, described below. | |
947 @end defopt | |
948 | |
6564 | 949 @defopt pop-up-windows |
950 This variable controls whether @code{display-buffer} makes new windows. | |
951 If it is non-@code{nil} and there is only one window, then that window | |
952 is split. If it is @code{nil}, then @code{display-buffer} does not | |
953 split the single window, but uses it whole. | |
954 @end defopt | |
955 | |
956 @defopt split-height-threshold | |
957 This variable determines when @code{display-buffer} may split a window, | |
958 if there are multiple windows. @code{display-buffer} always splits the | |
959 largest window if it has at least this many lines. If the largest | |
960 window is not this tall, it is split only if it is the sole window and | |
961 @code{pop-up-windows} is non-@code{nil}. | |
962 @end defopt | |
963 | |
34269 | 964 @defopt even-window-heights |
965 This variable determines if @code{display-buffer} should even out window | |
966 heights if the buffer gets displayed in an existing window, above or | |
967 beneath another existing window. If @code{even-window-heights} is | |
968 @code{t}, the default, window heights will be evened out. If | |
48700 | 969 @code{even-window-heights} is @code{nil}, the original window heights |
34269 | 970 will be left alone. |
34307 | 971 @end defopt |
34269 | 972 |
6564 | 973 @c Emacs 19 feature |
974 @defopt pop-up-frames | |
975 This variable controls whether @code{display-buffer} makes new frames. | |
976 If it is non-@code{nil}, @code{display-buffer} looks for an existing | |
977 window already displaying the desired buffer, on any visible frame. If | |
978 it finds one, it returns that window. Otherwise it makes a new frame. | |
979 The variables @code{pop-up-windows} and @code{split-height-threshold} do | |
980 not matter if @code{pop-up-frames} is non-@code{nil}. | |
981 | |
982 If @code{pop-up-frames} is @code{nil}, then @code{display-buffer} either | |
983 splits a window or reuses one. | |
984 | |
985 @xref{Frames}, for more information. | |
986 @end defopt | |
987 | |
988 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
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989 @defopt pop-up-frame-function |
6564 | 990 This variable specifies how to make a new frame if @code{pop-up-frames} |
991 is non-@code{nil}. | |
992 | |
993 Its value should be a function of no arguments. When | |
994 @code{display-buffer} makes a new frame, it does so by calling that | |
995 function, which should return a frame. The default value of the | |
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996 variable is a function that creates a frame using parameters from |
6564 | 997 @code{pop-up-frame-alist}. |
52849 | 998 @end defopt |
6564 | 999 |
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1000 @defopt pop-up-frame-alist |
6564 | 1001 This variable holds an alist specifying frame parameters used when |
1002 @code{display-buffer} makes a new frame. @xref{Frame Parameters}, for | |
1003 more information about frame parameters. | |
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1004 @end defopt |
6564 | 1005 |
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1006 @defopt special-display-buffer-names |
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1007 A list of buffer names for buffers that should be displayed specially. |
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1008 If the buffer's name is in this list, @code{display-buffer} handles the |
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1009 buffer specially. |
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1010 |
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1011 By default, special display means to give the buffer a dedicated frame. |
12098 | 1012 |
1013 If an element is a list, instead of a string, then the @sc{car} of the | |
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1014 list is the buffer name, and the rest of the list says how to create |
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1015 the frame. There are two possibilities for the rest of the list (its |
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1016 @sc{cdr}). It can be an alist, specifying frame parameters, or it can |
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1017 contain a function and arguments to give to it. (The function's first |
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1018 argument is always the buffer to be displayed; the arguments from the |
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1019 list come after that.) |
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1020 |
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1021 For example: |
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1022 |
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1023 @example |
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1024 (("myfile" (minibuffer) (menu-bar-lines . 0))) |
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1025 @end example |
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1026 |
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Give example of using special-display-buffer-names to specify frame parameters.
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1027 @noindent |
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Give example of using special-display-buffer-names to specify frame parameters.
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1028 specifies to display a buffer named @samp{myfile} in a dedicated frame |
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Give example of using special-display-buffer-names to specify frame parameters.
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1029 with specified @code{minibuffer} and @code{menu-bar-lines} parameters. |
52846
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1030 |
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(Basic Windows): A window has fringe settings,
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1031 The list of frame parameters can also use the phony frame parameters |
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1032 @code{same-frame} and @code{same-window}. If the specified frame |
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1033 parameters include @code{(same-window . @var{value})} and @var{value} |
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1034 is non-@code{nil}, that means to display the buffer in the current |
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1035 selected window. Otherwise, if they include @code{(same-frame . |
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1036 @var{value})} and @var{value} is non-@code{nil}, that means to display |
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1037 the buffer in a new window in the currently selected frame. |
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1038 @end defopt |
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1039 |
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1040 @defopt special-display-regexps |
7082
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1041 A list of regular expressions that specify buffers that should be |
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1042 displayed specially. If the buffer's name matches any of the regular |
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1043 expressions in this list, @code{display-buffer} handles the buffer |
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1044 specially. |
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1045 |
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1046 By default, special display means to give the buffer a dedicated frame. |
12098 | 1047 |
1048 If an element is a list, instead of a string, then the @sc{car} of the | |
1049 list is the regular expression, and the rest of the list says how to | |
1050 create the frame. See above, under @code{special-display-buffer-names}. | |
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1051 @end defopt |
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1052 |
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1053 @defun special-display-p buffer-name |
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1054 This function returns non-@code{nil} if displaying a buffer |
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1055 named @var{buffer-name} with @code{display-buffer} would |
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1056 create a special frame. The value is @code{t} if it would |
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1057 use the default frame parameters, or else the specified list |
53437
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1058 of frame parameters. |
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1059 @end defun |
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1060 |
7082
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1061 @defvar special-display-function |
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1062 This variable holds the function to call to display a buffer specially. |
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1063 It receives the buffer as an argument, and should return the window in |
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1064 which it is displayed. |
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1065 |
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1066 The default value of this variable is |
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1067 @code{special-display-popup-frame}. |
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1068 @end defvar |
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1069 |
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1070 @defun special-display-popup-frame buffer &optional args |
7082
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1071 This function makes @var{buffer} visible in a frame of its own. If |
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1072 @var{buffer} is already displayed in a window in some frame, it makes |
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1073 the frame visible and raises it, to use that window. Otherwise, it |
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1074 creates a frame that will be dedicated to @var{buffer}. This |
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1075 function returns the window it used. |
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1076 |
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1077 If @var{args} is an alist, it specifies frame parameters for the new |
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1078 frame. |
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1079 |
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1080 If @var{args} is a list whose @sc{car} is a symbol, then @code{(car |
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1081 @var{args})} is called as a function to actually create and set up the |
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1082 frame; it is called with @var{buffer} as first argument, and @code{(cdr |
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1083 @var{args})} as additional arguments. |
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1084 |
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1085 This function always uses an existing window displaying @var{buffer}, |
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1086 whether or not it is in a frame of its own; but if you set up the above |
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1087 variables in your init file, before @var{buffer} was created, then |
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1088 presumably the window was previously made by this function. |
7082
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1089 @end defun |
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1090 |
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1091 @defopt special-display-frame-alist |
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1092 This variable holds frame parameters for |
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1093 @code{special-display-popup-frame} to use when it creates a frame. |
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1094 @end defopt |
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1095 |
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1096 @defopt same-window-buffer-names |
12098 | 1097 A list of buffer names for buffers that should be displayed in the |
1098 selected window. If the buffer's name is in this list, | |
1099 @code{display-buffer} handles the buffer by switching to it in the | |
1100 selected window. | |
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1101 @end defopt |
12098 | 1102 |
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1103 @defopt same-window-regexps |
12098 | 1104 A list of regular expressions that specify buffers that should be |
1105 displayed in the selected window. If the buffer's name matches any of | |
1106 the regular expressions in this list, @code{display-buffer} handles the | |
1107 buffer by switching to it in the selected window. | |
12673
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1108 @end defopt |
12098 | 1109 |
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1110 @defun same-window-p buffer-name |
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1111 This function returns @code{t} if displaying a buffer |
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1112 named @var{buffer-name} with @code{display-buffer} would |
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|
1113 put it in the selected window. |
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|
1114 @end defun |
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1115 |
6564 | 1116 @c Emacs 19 feature |
1117 @defvar display-buffer-function | |
1118 This variable is the most flexible way to customize the behavior of | |
1119 @code{display-buffer}. If it is non-@code{nil}, it should be a function | |
1120 that @code{display-buffer} calls to do the work. The function should | |
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1121 accept two arguments, the first two arguments that @code{display-buffer} |
6564 | 1122 received. It should choose or create a window, display the specified |
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1123 buffer in it, and then return the window. |
6564 | 1124 |
1125 This hook takes precedence over all the other options and hooks | |
1126 described above. | |
1127 @end defvar | |
1128 | |
1129 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
1130 @cindex dedicated window | |
1131 A window can be marked as ``dedicated'' to its buffer. Then | |
21682
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1132 @code{display-buffer} will not try to use that window to display any |
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1133 other buffer. |
6564 | 1134 |
1135 @defun window-dedicated-p window | |
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1136 This function returns non-@code{nil} if @var{window} is marked as |
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1137 dedicated; otherwise @code{nil}. |
6564 | 1138 @end defun |
1139 | |
1140 @defun set-window-dedicated-p window flag | |
1141 This function marks @var{window} as dedicated if @var{flag} is | |
1142 non-@code{nil}, and nondedicated otherwise. | |
1143 @end defun | |
1144 | |
1145 @node Window Point | |
1146 @section Windows and Point | |
1147 @cindex window position | |
1148 @cindex window point | |
1149 @cindex position in window | |
1150 @cindex point in window | |
1151 | |
1152 Each window has its own value of point, independent of the value of | |
1153 point in other windows displaying the same buffer. This makes it useful | |
1154 to have multiple windows showing one buffer. | |
1155 | |
1156 @itemize @bullet | |
1157 @item | |
1158 The window point is established when a window is first created; it is | |
1159 initialized from the buffer's point, or from the window point of another | |
1160 window opened on the buffer if such a window exists. | |
1161 | |
1162 @item | |
21007
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1163 Selecting a window sets the value of point in its buffer from the |
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1164 window's value of point. Conversely, deselecting a window sets the |
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1165 window's value of point from that of the buffer. Thus, when you switch |
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1166 between windows that display a given buffer, the point value for the |
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1167 selected window is in effect in the buffer, while the point values for |
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1168 the other windows are stored in those windows. |
6564 | 1169 |
1170 @item | |
1171 As long as the selected window displays the current buffer, the window's | |
1172 point and the buffer's point always move together; they remain equal. | |
1173 | |
1174 @item | |
1175 @xref{Positions}, for more details on buffer positions. | |
1176 @end itemize | |
1177 | |
1178 As far as the user is concerned, point is where the cursor is, and | |
1179 when the user switches to another buffer, the cursor jumps to the | |
1180 position of point in that buffer. | |
1181 | |
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1182 @defun window-point &optional window |
6564 | 1183 This function returns the current position of point in @var{window}. |
1184 For a nonselected window, this is the value point would have (in that | |
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1185 window's buffer) if that window were selected. If @var{window} is |
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1186 @code{nil}, the selected window is used. |
6564 | 1187 |
1188 When @var{window} is the selected window and its buffer is also the | |
1189 current buffer, the value returned is the same as point in that buffer. | |
1190 | |
1191 Strictly speaking, it would be more correct to return the | |
1192 ``top-level'' value of point, outside of any @code{save-excursion} | |
1193 forms. But that value is hard to find. | |
1194 @end defun | |
1195 | |
1196 @defun set-window-point window position | |
1197 This function positions point in @var{window} at position | |
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1198 @var{position} in @var{window}'s buffer. It returns @var{position}. |
6564 | 1199 @end defun |
1200 | |
1201 @node Window Start | |
1202 @section The Window Start Position | |
1203 | |
1204 Each window contains a marker used to keep track of a buffer position | |
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1205 that specifies where in the buffer display should start. This position |
6564 | 1206 is called the @dfn{display-start} position of the window (or just the |
1207 @dfn{start}). The character after this position is the one that appears | |
1208 at the upper left corner of the window. It is usually, but not | |
1209 inevitably, at the beginning of a text line. | |
1210 | |
1211 @defun window-start &optional window | |
1212 @cindex window top line | |
1213 This function returns the display-start position of window | |
1214 @var{window}. If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the selected window is | |
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1215 used. For example, |
6564 | 1216 |
1217 @example | |
1218 @group | |
1219 (window-start) | |
1220 @result{} 7058 | |
1221 @end group | |
1222 @end example | |
1223 | |
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1224 When you create a window, or display a different buffer in it, the |
6564 | 1225 display-start position is set to a display-start position recently used |
1226 for the same buffer, or 1 if the buffer doesn't have any. | |
1227 | |
12596
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1228 Redisplay updates the window-start position (if you have not specified |
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1229 it explicitly since the previous redisplay)---for example, to make sure |
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1230 point appears on the screen. Nothing except redisplay automatically |
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1231 changes the window-start position; if you move point, do not expect the |
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1232 window-start position to change in response until after the next |
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1233 redisplay. |
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1234 |
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1235 For a realistic example of using @code{window-start}, see the |
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1236 description of @code{count-lines}. @xref{Definition of count-lines}. |
6564 | 1237 @end defun |
1238 | |
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1239 @defun window-end &optional window update |
6564 | 1240 This function returns the position of the end of the display in window |
1241 @var{window}. If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the selected window is | |
1242 used. | |
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1243 |
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1244 Simply changing the buffer text or moving point does not update the |
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1245 value that @code{window-end} returns. The value is updated only when |
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1246 Emacs redisplays and redisplay completes without being preempted. |
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1247 |
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1248 If the last redisplay of @var{window} was preempted, and did not finish, |
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1249 Emacs does not know the position of the end of display in that window. |
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1250 In that case, this function returns @code{nil}. |
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1251 |
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1252 If @var{update} is non-@code{nil}, @code{window-end} always returns an |
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1253 up-to-date value for where the window ends, based on the current |
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1254 @code{window-start} value. If the saved value is valid, |
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1255 @code{window-end} returns that; otherwise it computes the correct |
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1256 value by scanning the buffer text. |
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1257 |
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1258 Even if @var{update} is non-@code{nil}, @code{window-end} does not |
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1259 attempt to scroll the display if point has moved off the screen, the |
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1260 way real redisplay would do. It does not alter the |
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1261 @code{window-start} value. In effect, it reports where the displayed |
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1262 text will end if scrolling is not required. |
6564 | 1263 @end defun |
1264 | |
1265 @defun set-window-start window position &optional noforce | |
1266 This function sets the display-start position of @var{window} to | |
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1267 @var{position} in @var{window}'s buffer. It returns @var{position}. |
6564 | 1268 |
1269 The display routines insist that the position of point be visible when a | |
1270 buffer is displayed. Normally, they change the display-start position | |
1271 (that is, scroll the window) whenever necessary to make point visible. | |
1272 However, if you specify the start position with this function using | |
1273 @code{nil} for @var{noforce}, it means you want display to start at | |
1274 @var{position} even if that would put the location of point off the | |
1275 screen. If this does place point off screen, the display routines move | |
1276 point to the left margin on the middle line in the window. | |
1277 | |
1278 For example, if point @w{is 1} and you set the start of the window @w{to | |
1279 2}, then point would be ``above'' the top of the window. The display | |
1280 routines will automatically move point if it is still 1 when redisplay | |
1281 occurs. Here is an example: | |
1282 | |
1283 @example | |
1284 @group | |
1285 ;; @r{Here is what @samp{foo} looks like before executing} | |
1286 ;; @r{the @code{set-window-start} expression.} | |
1287 @end group | |
1288 | |
1289 @group | |
1290 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
1291 @point{}This is the contents of buffer foo. | |
1292 2 | |
1293 3 | |
1294 4 | |
1295 5 | |
1296 6 | |
1297 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
1298 @end group | |
1299 | |
1300 @group | |
1301 (set-window-start | |
1302 (selected-window) | |
1303 (1+ (window-start))) | |
1304 @result{} 2 | |
1305 @end group | |
1306 | |
1307 @group | |
1308 ;; @r{Here is what @samp{foo} looks like after executing} | |
1309 ;; @r{the @code{set-window-start} expression.} | |
1310 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
1311 his is the contents of buffer foo. | |
1312 2 | |
1313 3 | |
1314 @point{}4 | |
1315 5 | |
1316 6 | |
1317 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
1318 @end group | |
1319 @end example | |
1320 | |
1321 If @var{noforce} is non-@code{nil}, and @var{position} would place point | |
1322 off screen at the next redisplay, then redisplay computes a new window-start | |
1323 position that works well with point, and thus @var{position} is not used. | |
1324 @end defun | |
1325 | |
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1326 @defun pos-visible-in-window-p &optional position window partially |
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1327 This function returns non-@code{nil} if @var{position} is within the |
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1328 range of text currently visible on the screen in @var{window}. It |
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1329 returns @code{nil} if @var{position} is scrolled vertically out of |
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1330 view. Locations that are partially obscured are not considered |
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1331 visible unless @var{partially} is non-@code{nil}. The argument |
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1332 @var{position} defaults to the current position of point in |
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1333 @var{window}; @var{window}, to the selected window. |
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1334 |
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1335 The @code{pos-visible-in-window-p} function considers only vertical |
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1336 scrolling. If @var{position} is out of view only because @var{window} |
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1337 has been scrolled horizontally, @code{pos-visible-in-window-p} returns |
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1338 non-@code{nil} anyway. @xref{Horizontal Scrolling}. |
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1339 |
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1340 If @var{position} is visible, @code{pos-visible-in-window-p} returns |
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1341 @code{t} if @var{partially} is @code{nil}; if @var{partially} is |
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1342 non-@code{nil}, it returns a list of the form @code{(@var{x} @var{y} |
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1343 @var{fully})}, where @var{x} and @var{y} are the pixel coordinates |
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1344 relative to the top left corner of the window, and @var{fully} is |
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1345 @code{t} if the character after @var{position} is fully visible and |
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1346 @code{nil} otherwise. |
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1347 |
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1348 Here is an example: |
6564 | 1349 |
1350 @example | |
1351 @group | |
1352 (or (pos-visible-in-window-p | |
1353 (point) (selected-window)) | |
1354 (recenter 0)) | |
1355 @end group | |
1356 @end example | |
1357 @end defun | |
1358 | |
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1359 @node Textual Scrolling |
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1360 @section Textual Scrolling |
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1361 @cindex textual scrolling |
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1362 @cindex scrolling textually |
6564 | 1363 |
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1364 @dfn{Textual scrolling} means moving the text up or down through a |
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1365 window. It works by changing the value of the window's display-start |
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1366 location. It may also change the value of @code{window-point} to keep |
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1367 point on the screen. |
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1368 |
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1369 Textual scrolling was formerly called ``vertical scrolling,'' but we |
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1370 changed its name to distinguish it from the new vertical fractional |
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1371 scrolling feature (@pxref{Vertical Scrolling}). |
6564 | 1372 |
1373 In the commands @code{scroll-up} and @code{scroll-down}, the directions | |
1374 ``up'' and ``down'' refer to the motion of the text in the buffer at which | |
1375 you are looking through the window. Imagine that the text is | |
1376 written on a long roll of paper and that the scrolling commands move the | |
1377 paper up and down. Thus, if you are looking at text in the middle of a | |
1378 buffer and repeatedly call @code{scroll-down}, you will eventually see | |
1379 the beginning of the buffer. | |
1380 | |
1381 Some people have urged that the opposite convention be used: they | |
1382 imagine that the window moves over text that remains in place. Then | |
1383 ``down'' commands would take you to the end of the buffer. This view is | |
1384 more consistent with the actual relationship between windows and the | |
1385 text in the buffer, but it is less like what the user sees. The | |
1386 position of a window on the terminal does not move, and short scrolling | |
1387 commands clearly move the text up or down on the screen. We have chosen | |
1388 names that fit the user's point of view. | |
1389 | |
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1390 The textual scrolling functions (aside from |
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1391 @code{scroll-other-window}) have unpredictable results if the current |
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1392 buffer is different from the buffer that is displayed in the selected |
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1393 window. @xref{Current Buffer}. |
6564 | 1394 |
1395 @deffn Command scroll-up &optional count | |
1396 This function scrolls the text in the selected window upward | |
1397 @var{count} lines. If @var{count} is negative, scrolling is actually | |
1398 downward. | |
1399 | |
1400 If @var{count} is @code{nil} (or omitted), then the length of scroll | |
1401 is @code{next-screen-context-lines} lines less than the usable height of | |
1402 the window (not counting its mode line). | |
1403 | |
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1404 @code{scroll-up} returns @code{nil}, unless it gets an error |
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1405 because it can't scroll any further. |
6564 | 1406 @end deffn |
1407 | |
1408 @deffn Command scroll-down &optional count | |
1409 This function scrolls the text in the selected window downward | |
1410 @var{count} lines. If @var{count} is negative, scrolling is actually | |
1411 upward. | |
1412 | |
1413 If @var{count} is omitted or @code{nil}, then the length of the scroll | |
1414 is @code{next-screen-context-lines} lines less than the usable height of | |
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1415 the window (not counting its mode line). |
6564 | 1416 |
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1417 @code{scroll-down} returns @code{nil}, unless it gets an error because |
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1418 it can't scroll any further. |
6564 | 1419 @end deffn |
1420 | |
1421 @deffn Command scroll-other-window &optional count | |
1422 This function scrolls the text in another window upward @var{count} | |
1423 lines. Negative values of @var{count}, or @code{nil}, are handled | |
1424 as in @code{scroll-up}. | |
1425 | |
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1426 You can specify which buffer to scroll by setting the variable |
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1427 @code{other-window-scroll-buffer} to a buffer. If that buffer isn't |
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1428 already displayed, @code{scroll-other-window} displays it in some |
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1429 window. |
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1430 |
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1431 When the selected window is the minibuffer, the next window is normally |
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1432 the one at the top left corner. You can specify a different window to |
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1433 scroll, when the minibuffer is selected, by setting the variable |
6564 | 1434 @code{minibuffer-scroll-window}. This variable has no effect when any |
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1435 other window is selected. When it is non-@code{nil} and the |
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1436 minibuffer is selected, it takes precedence over |
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1437 @code{other-window-scroll-buffer}. @xref{Definition of |
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1438 minibuffer-scroll-window}. |
6564 | 1439 |
1440 When the minibuffer is active, it is the next window if the selected | |
1441 window is the one at the bottom right corner. In this case, | |
1442 @code{scroll-other-window} attempts to scroll the minibuffer. If the | |
1443 minibuffer contains just one line, it has nowhere to scroll to, so the | |
1444 line reappears after the echo area momentarily displays the message | |
1445 ``Beginning of buffer''. | |
1446 @end deffn | |
1447 | |
1448 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
1449 @defvar other-window-scroll-buffer | |
1450 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, it tells @code{scroll-other-window} | |
1451 which buffer to scroll. | |
1452 @end defvar | |
1453 | |
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1454 @defopt scroll-margin |
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1455 This option specifies the size of the scroll margin---a minimum number |
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1456 of lines between point and the top or bottom of a window. Whenever |
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1457 point gets within this many lines of the top or bottom of the window, |
42985 | 1458 redisplay scrolls the text automatically (if possible) to move point |
1459 out of the margin, closer to the center of the window. | |
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1460 @end defopt |
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1461 |
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1462 @defopt scroll-conservatively |
6564 | 1463 This variable controls how scrolling is done automatically when point |
42985 | 1464 moves off the screen (or into the scroll margin). If the value is a |
1465 positive integer @var{n}, then redisplay scrolls the text up to | |
1466 @var{n} lines in either direction, if that will bring point back into | |
1467 proper view. This action is called @dfn{conservative scrolling}. | |
1468 Otherwise, scrolling happens in the usual way, under the control of | |
1469 other variables such as @code{scroll-up-aggressively} and | |
1470 @code{scroll-down-aggressively}. | |
1471 | |
1472 The default value is zero, which means that conservative scrolling | |
1473 never happens. | |
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1474 @end defopt |
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1475 |
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1476 @defopt scroll-down-aggressively |
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1477 @tindex scroll-down-aggressively |
26210 | 1478 The value of this variable should be either @code{nil} or a fraction |
1479 @var{f} between 0 and 1. If it is a fraction, that specifies where on | |
42983
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1480 the screen to put point when scrolling down. More precisely, when a |
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1481 window scrolls down because point is above the window start, the new |
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1482 start position is chosen to put point @var{f} part of the window |
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1483 height from the top. The larger @var{f}, the more aggressive the |
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1484 scrolling. |
26210 | 1485 |
26696
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1486 A value of @code{nil} is equivalent to .5, since its effect is to center |
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1487 point. This variable automatically becomes buffer-local when set in any |
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1488 fashion. |
26210 | 1489 @end defopt |
1490 | |
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1491 @defopt scroll-up-aggressively |
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1492 @tindex scroll-up-aggressively |
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1493 Likewise, for scrolling up. The value, @var{f}, specifies how far |
26210 | 1494 point should be placed from the bottom of the window; thus, as with |
1495 @code{scroll-up-aggressively}, a larger value scrolls more aggressively. | |
1496 @end defopt | |
1497 | |
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1498 @defopt scroll-step |
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1499 This variable is an older variant of @code{scroll-conservatively}. The |
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1500 difference is that it if its value is @var{n}, that permits scrolling |
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1501 only by precisely @var{n} lines, not a smaller number. This feature |
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1502 does not work with @code{scroll-margin}. The default value is zero. |
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1503 @end defopt |
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1504 |
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1505 @defopt scroll-preserve-screen-position |
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1506 If this option is non-@code{nil}, the scroll functions move point so |
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1507 that the vertical position of the cursor is unchanged, when that is |
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1508 possible. |
6564 | 1509 @end defopt |
1510 | |
1511 @defopt next-screen-context-lines | |
1512 The value of this variable is the number of lines of continuity to | |
1513 retain when scrolling by full screens. For example, @code{scroll-up} | |
1514 with an argument of @code{nil} scrolls so that this many lines at the | |
1515 bottom of the window appear instead at the top. The default value is | |
1516 @code{2}. | |
1517 @end defopt | |
1518 | |
1519 @deffn Command recenter &optional count | |
1520 @cindex centering point | |
42985 | 1521 This function scrolls the text in the selected window so that point is |
1522 displayed at a specified vertical position within the window. It does | |
1523 not ``move point'' with respect to the text. | |
6564 | 1524 |
42985 | 1525 If @var{count} is a nonnegative number, that puts the line containing |
1526 point @var{count} lines down from the top of the window. If | |
1527 @var{count} is a negative number, then it counts upward from the | |
1528 bottom of the window, so that @minus{}1 stands for the last usable | |
1529 line in the window. If @var{count} is a non-@code{nil} list, then it | |
1530 stands for the line in the middle of the window. | |
6564 | 1531 |
1532 If @var{count} is @code{nil}, @code{recenter} puts the line containing | |
1533 point in the middle of the window, then clears and redisplays the entire | |
1534 selected frame. | |
1535 | |
1536 When @code{recenter} is called interactively, @var{count} is the raw | |
1537 prefix argument. Thus, typing @kbd{C-u} as the prefix sets the | |
1538 @var{count} to a non-@code{nil} list, while typing @kbd{C-u 4} sets | |
1539 @var{count} to 4, which positions the current line four lines from the | |
1540 top. | |
1541 | |
8491
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1542 With an argument of zero, @code{recenter} positions the current line at |
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1543 the top of the window. This action is so handy that some people make a |
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1544 separate key binding to do this. For example, |
6564 | 1545 |
1546 @example | |
1547 @group | |
1548 (defun line-to-top-of-window () | |
1549 "Scroll current line to top of window. | |
1550 Replaces three keystroke sequence C-u 0 C-l." | |
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1551 (interactive) |
6564 | 1552 (recenter 0)) |
1553 | |
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1554 (global-set-key [kp-multiply] 'line-to-top-of-window) |
6564 | 1555 @end group |
1556 @end example | |
1557 @end deffn | |
1558 | |
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1559 @node Vertical Scrolling |
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1560 @section Vertical Fractional Scrolling |
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1561 @cindex Vertical Fractional Scrolling |
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1562 |
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1563 @dfn{Vertical fractional scrolling} means shifting the image in the |
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1564 window up or down by a specified multiple or fraction of a line. |
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1565 Starting in Emacs 21, each window has a @dfn{vertical scroll position}, |
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1566 which is a number, never less than zero. It specifies how far to raise |
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1567 the contents of the window. Raising the window contents generally makes |
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1568 all or part of some lines disappear off the top, and all or part of some |
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1569 other lines appear at the bottom. The usual value is zero. |
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1570 |
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1571 The vertical scroll position is measured in units of the normal line |
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1572 height, which is the height of the default font. Thus, if the value is |
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1573 .5, that means the window contents are scrolled up half the normal line |
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1574 height. If it is 3.3, that means the window contents are scrolled up |
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1575 somewhat over three times the normal line height. |
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1576 |
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1577 What fraction of a line the vertical scrolling covers, or how many |
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1578 lines, depends on what the lines contain. A value of .5 could scroll a |
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1579 line whose height is very short off the screen, while a value of 3.3 |
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1580 could scroll just part of the way through a tall line or an image. |
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1581 |
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1582 @defun window-vscroll &optional window pixels-p |
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1583 This function returns the current vertical scroll position of |
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1584 @var{window}. If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the selected window is |
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1585 used. If @var{pixels-p} is non-@code{nil}, the return value is |
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1586 measured in pixels, rather than in units of the normal line height. |
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1587 |
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1588 @example |
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1589 @group |
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1590 (window-vscroll) |
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1591 @result{} 0 |
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1592 @end group |
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1593 @end example |
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1594 @end defun |
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1595 |
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1596 @defun set-window-vscroll window lines &optional pixels-p |
25751
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1597 This function sets @var{window}'s vertical scroll position to |
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1598 @var{lines}. The argument @var{lines} should be zero or positive; if |
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1599 not, it is taken as zero. |
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1600 |
41504
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1601 If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the selected window is used. |
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1602 |
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1603 The actual vertical scroll position must always correspond |
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1604 to an integral number of pixels, so the value you specify |
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1605 is rounded accordingly. |
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1606 |
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1607 The return value is the result of this rounding. |
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1608 |
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1609 @example |
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1610 @group |
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1611 (set-window-vscroll (selected-window) 1.2) |
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1612 @result{} 1.13 |
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1613 @end group |
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1614 @end example |
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1615 |
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1616 If @var{pixels-p} is non-@code{nil}, @var{lines} specifies a number of |
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1617 pixels. In this case, the return value is @var{lines}. |
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1618 @end defun |
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1619 |
6564 | 1620 @node Horizontal Scrolling |
1621 @section Horizontal Scrolling | |
1622 @cindex horizontal scrolling | |
1623 | |
25751
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1624 @dfn{Horizontal scrolling} means shifting the image in the window left |
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1625 or right by a specified multiple of the normal character width. Each |
42895 | 1626 window has a @dfn{horizontal scroll position}, which is a number, never |
25751
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1627 less than zero. It specifies how far to shift the contents left. |
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1628 Shifting the window contents left generally makes all or part of some |
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1629 characters disappear off the left, and all or part of some other |
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1630 characters appear at the right. The usual value is zero. |
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1631 |
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1632 The horizontal scroll position is measured in units of the normal |
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1633 character width, which is the width of space in the default font. Thus, |
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1634 if the value is 5, that means the window contents are scrolled left by 5 |
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(Horizontal Scrolling): Remove doubled `the'.
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1635 times the normal character width. How many characters actually |
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1636 disappear off to the left depends on their width, and could vary from |
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1637 line to line. |
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1638 |
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1639 Because we read from side to side in the ``inner loop'', and from top |
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1640 to bottom in the ``outer loop'', the effect of horizontal scrolling is |
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1641 not like that of textual or vertical scrolling. Textual scrolling |
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1642 involves selection of a portion of text to display, and vertical |
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1643 scrolling moves the window contents contiguously; but horizontal |
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1644 scrolling causes part of @emph{each line} to go off screen. |
6564 | 1645 |
1646 Usually, no horizontal scrolling is in effect; then the leftmost | |
1647 column is at the left edge of the window. In this state, scrolling to | |
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1648 the right is meaningless, since there is no data to the left of the edge |
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1649 to be revealed by it; so this is not allowed. Scrolling to the left is |
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1650 allowed; it scrolls the first columns of text off the edge of the window |
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1651 and can reveal additional columns on the right that were truncated |
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1652 before. Once a window has a nonzero amount of leftward horizontal |
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1653 scrolling, you can scroll it back to the right, but only so far as to |
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1654 reduce the net horizontal scroll to zero. There is no limit to how far |
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1655 left you can scroll, but eventually all the text will disappear off the |
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1656 left edge. |
6564 | 1657 |
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(Horizontal Scrolling): Rename automatic-hscrolling to auto-hscroll-mode.
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1658 @vindex auto-hscroll-mode |
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1659 If @code{auto-hscroll-mode} is set, redisplay automatically alters |
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(Basic Windows): A window has fringe settings,
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1660 the horizontal scrolling of a window as necessary to ensure that point |
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1661 is always visible. However, you can still set the horizontal |
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1662 scrolling value explicitly. The value you specify serves as a lower |
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1663 bound for automatic scrolling, i.e. automatic scrolling will not |
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(Basic Windows): A window has fringe settings,
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1664 scroll a window to a column less than the specified one. |
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1665 |
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1666 @deffn Command scroll-left &optional count |
6564 | 1667 This function scrolls the selected window @var{count} columns to the |
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1668 left (or to the right if @var{count} is negative). The default |
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1669 for @var{count} is the window width, minus 2. |
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1670 |
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1671 The return value is the total amount of leftward horizontal scrolling in |
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1672 effect after the change---just like the value returned by |
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1673 @code{window-hscroll} (below). |
6564 | 1674 @end deffn |
1675 | |
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1676 @deffn Command scroll-right &optional count |
6564 | 1677 This function scrolls the selected window @var{count} columns to the |
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1678 right (or to the left if @var{count} is negative). The default |
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1679 for @var{count} is the window width, minus 2. |
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1680 |
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1681 The return value is the total amount of leftward horizontal scrolling in |
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1682 effect after the change---just like the value returned by |
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1683 @code{window-hscroll} (below). |
6564 | 1684 |
1685 Once you scroll a window as far right as it can go, back to its normal | |
1686 position where the total leftward scrolling is zero, attempts to scroll | |
1687 any farther right have no effect. | |
1688 @end deffn | |
1689 | |
1690 @defun window-hscroll &optional window | |
1691 This function returns the total leftward horizontal scrolling of | |
1692 @var{window}---the number of columns by which the text in @var{window} | |
1693 is scrolled left past the left margin. | |
1694 | |
1695 The value is never negative. It is zero when no horizontal scrolling | |
1696 has been done in @var{window} (which is usually the case). | |
1697 | |
1698 If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the selected window is used. | |
1699 | |
1700 @example | |
1701 @group | |
1702 (window-hscroll) | |
1703 @result{} 0 | |
1704 @end group | |
1705 @group | |
1706 (scroll-left 5) | |
1707 @result{} 5 | |
1708 @end group | |
1709 @group | |
1710 (window-hscroll) | |
1711 @result{} 5 | |
1712 @end group | |
1713 @end example | |
1714 @end defun | |
1715 | |
1716 @defun set-window-hscroll window columns | |
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1717 This function sets horizontal scrolling of @var{window}. The value of |
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(Basic Windows): A window has fringe settings,
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1718 @var{columns} specifies the amount of scrolling, in terms of columns |
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(Basic Windows): A window has fringe settings,
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1719 from the left margin. The argument @var{columns} should be zero or |
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(Basic Windows): A window has fringe settings,
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1720 positive; if not, it is taken as zero. Fractional values of |
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(Basic Windows): A window has fringe settings,
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1721 @var{columns} are not supported at present. |
6564 | 1722 |
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1723 Note that @code{set-window-hscroll} may appear not to work if you test |
85f61bf6ce1d
Explain why set-window-hscroll may appear to fail to work.
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|
1724 it by evaluating a call with @kbd{M-:} in a simple way. What happens |
85f61bf6ce1d
Explain why set-window-hscroll may appear to fail to work.
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|
1725 is that the function sets the horizontal scroll value and returns, but |
85f61bf6ce1d
Explain why set-window-hscroll may appear to fail to work.
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1726 then redisplay adjusts the horizontal scrolling to make point visible, |
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Explain why set-window-hscroll may appear to fail to work.
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1727 and this overrides what the function did. You can observe the |
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Explain why set-window-hscroll may appear to fail to work.
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1728 function's effect if you call it while point is sufficiently far from |
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Explain why set-window-hscroll may appear to fail to work.
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1729 the left margin that it will remain visible. |
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1730 |
6564 | 1731 The value returned is @var{columns}. |
1732 | |
1733 @example | |
1734 @group | |
1735 (set-window-hscroll (selected-window) 10) | |
1736 @result{} 10 | |
1737 @end group | |
1738 @end example | |
1739 @end defun | |
1740 | |
1741 Here is how you can determine whether a given position @var{position} | |
1742 is off the screen due to horizontal scrolling: | |
1743 | |
1744 @example | |
1745 @group | |
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1746 (defun hscroll-on-screen (window position) |
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1747 (save-excursion |
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1748 (goto-char position) |
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1749 (and |
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1750 (>= (- (current-column) (window-hscroll window)) 0) |
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1751 (< (- (current-column) (window-hscroll window)) |
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1752 (window-width window))))) |
6564 | 1753 @end group |
1754 @end example | |
1755 | |
1756 @node Size of Window | |
1757 @section The Size of a Window | |
1758 @cindex window size | |
1759 @cindex size of window | |
1760 | |
1761 An Emacs window is rectangular, and its size information consists of | |
1762 the height (the number of lines) and the width (the number of character | |
1763 positions in each line). The mode line is included in the height. But | |
1764 the width does not count the scroll bar or the column of @samp{|} | |
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1765 characters that separates side-by-side windows. |
6564 | 1766 |
1767 The following three functions return size information about a window: | |
1768 | |
1769 @defun window-height &optional window | |
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1770 This function returns the number of lines in @var{window}, including |
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1771 its mode line and header line, if any. If @var{window} fills its |
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1772 entire frame except for the echo area, this is typically one less than |
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|
1773 the value of @code{frame-height} on that frame. |
6564 | 1774 |
1775 If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the function uses the selected window. | |
1776 | |
1777 @example | |
1778 @group | |
1779 (window-height) | |
1780 @result{} 23 | |
1781 @end group | |
1782 @group | |
1783 (split-window-vertically) | |
1784 @result{} #<window 4 on windows.texi> | |
1785 @end group | |
1786 @group | |
1787 (window-height) | |
1788 @result{} 11 | |
1789 @end group | |
1790 @end example | |
1791 @end defun | |
1792 | |
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1793 @tindex window-body-height |
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|
1794 @defun window-body-height &optional window |
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1795 Like @code{window-height} but the value does not include the |
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1796 mode line (if any) or the header line (if any). |
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1797 @end defun |
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1798 |
6564 | 1799 @defun window-width &optional window |
1800 This function returns the number of columns in @var{window}. If | |
1801 @var{window} fills its entire frame, this is the same as the value of | |
1802 @code{frame-width} on that frame. The width does not include the | |
1803 window's scroll bar or the column of @samp{|} characters that separates | |
1804 side-by-side windows. | |
1805 | |
1806 If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the function uses the selected window. | |
1807 | |
1808 @example | |
1809 @group | |
1810 (window-width) | |
1811 @result{} 80 | |
1812 @end group | |
1813 @end example | |
1814 @end defun | |
1815 | |
1816 @defun window-edges &optional window | |
1817 This function returns a list of the edge coordinates of @var{window}. | |
1818 If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the selected window is used. | |
1819 | |
1820 The order of the list is @code{(@var{left} @var{top} @var{right} | |
1821 @var{bottom})}, all elements relative to 0, 0 at the top left corner of | |
1822 the frame. The element @var{right} of the value is one more than the | |
1823 rightmost column used by @var{window}, and @var{bottom} is one more than | |
1824 the bottommost row used by @var{window} and its mode-line. | |
1825 | |
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1826 The edges include the space used by the window's scroll bar, display |
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|
1827 margins, fringes, header line, and mode line, if it has them. Also, |
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|
1828 if the window has a neighbor on the right, its right edge value |
81f58ee62d32
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|
1829 includes the width of the separator line between the window and that |
81f58ee62d32
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|
1830 neighbor. Since the width of the window does not include this |
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|
1831 separator, the width does not usually equal the difference between the |
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|
1832 right and left edges. |
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1833 @end defun |
6564 | 1834 |
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|
1835 @defun window-inside-edges &optional window |
51924
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(Selecting Windows): New arg to select-window.
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|
1836 This is similar to @code{window-edges}, but the edge values |
a05f23194471
(Selecting Windows): New arg to select-window.
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|
1837 it returns include only the text area of the window. They |
a05f23194471
(Selecting Windows): New arg to select-window.
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|
1838 do not include the header line, mode line, scroll bar or |
a05f23194471
(Selecting Windows): New arg to select-window.
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|
1839 vertical separator, fringes, or display margins. |
a05f23194471
(Selecting Windows): New arg to select-window.
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|
1840 @end defun |
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(Selecting Windows): New arg to select-window.
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1841 |
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(Selecting Windows): New arg to select-window.
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|
1842 Here are the results obtained on a typical 24-line terminal with just |
a05f23194471
(Selecting Windows): New arg to select-window.
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|
1843 one window, with menu bar enabled: |
6564 | 1844 |
1845 @example | |
1846 @group | |
1847 (window-edges (selected-window)) | |
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1848 @result{} (0 1 80 23) |
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1849 @end group |
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1850 @group |
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1851 (window-inside-edges (selected-window)) |
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1852 @result{} (0 1 80 22) |
6564 | 1853 @end group |
1854 @end example | |
1855 | |
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1856 @noindent |
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1857 The bottom edge is at line 23 because the last line is the echo area. |
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1858 The bottom inside edge is at line 22, which is the window's mode line. |
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1859 |
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1860 If @var{window} is at the upper left corner of its frame, and there is |
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1861 no menu bar, then @var{bottom} returned by @code{window-edges} is the |
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1862 same as the value of @code{(window-height)}, @var{right} is almost the |
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1863 same as the value of @code{(window-width)}, and @var{top} and |
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1864 @var{left} are zero. For example, the edges of the following window |
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1865 are @w{@samp{0 0 8 5}}. Assuming that the frame has more than 8 |
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1866 columns, the last column of the window (column 7) holds a border |
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1867 rather than text. The last row (row 4) holds the mode line, shown |
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1868 here with @samp{xxxxxxxxx}. |
6564 | 1869 |
1870 @example | |
1871 @group | |
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1872 0 |
6564 | 1873 _______ |
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1874 0 | | |
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1875 | | |
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1876 | | |
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1877 | | |
6564 | 1878 xxxxxxxxx 4 |
1879 | |
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1880 7 |
6564 | 1881 @end group |
1882 @end example | |
1883 | |
1884 In the following example, let's suppose that the frame is 7 | |
1885 columns wide. Then the edges of the left window are @w{@samp{0 0 4 3}} | |
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1886 and the edges of the right window are @w{@samp{4 0 7 3}}. |
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1887 The inside edges of the left window are @w{@samp{0 0 3 2}}, |
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1888 and the inside edges of the right window are @w{@samp{4 0 7 2}}, |
6564 | 1889 |
1890 @example | |
1891 @group | |
1892 ___ ___ | |
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1893 | | | |
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1894 | | | |
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1895 xxxxxxxxx |
6564 | 1896 |
1897 0 34 7 | |
1898 @end group | |
1899 @end example | |
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1900 |
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1901 @defun window-pixel-edges &optional window |
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1902 This function is like @code{window-edges} except that, on a graphical |
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1903 display, the edge values are measured in pixels instead of in |
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1904 character lines and columns. |
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1905 @end defun |
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1906 |
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1907 @defun window-inside-pixel-edges &optional window |
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1908 This function is like @code{window-inside-edges} except that, on a |
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1909 graphical display, the edge values are measured in pixels instead of |
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1910 in character lines and columns. |
6564 | 1911 @end defun |
1912 | |
1913 @node Resizing Windows | |
1914 @section Changing the Size of a Window | |
1915 @cindex window resizing | |
1916 @cindex changing window size | |
1917 @cindex window size, changing | |
1918 | |
1919 The window size functions fall into two classes: high-level commands | |
1920 that change the size of windows and low-level functions that access | |
1921 window size. Emacs does not permit overlapping windows or gaps between | |
1922 windows, so resizing one window affects other windows. | |
1923 | |
1924 @deffn Command enlarge-window size &optional horizontal | |
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1925 This function makes the selected window @var{size} lines taller, |
6564 | 1926 stealing lines from neighboring windows. It takes the lines from one |
1927 window at a time until that window is used up, then takes from another. | |
1928 If a window from which lines are stolen shrinks below | |
1929 @code{window-min-height} lines, that window disappears. | |
1930 | |
1931 If @var{horizontal} is non-@code{nil}, this function makes | |
1932 @var{window} wider by @var{size} columns, stealing columns instead of | |
1933 lines. If a window from which columns are stolen shrinks below | |
1934 @code{window-min-width} columns, that window disappears. | |
1935 | |
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1936 If the requested size would exceed that of the window's frame, then the |
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1937 function makes the window occupy the entire height (or width) of the |
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1938 frame. |
6564 | 1939 |
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1940 If there are various other windows from which lines or columns can be |
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1941 stolen, and some of them specify fixed size (using |
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1942 @code{window-size-fixed}, see below), they are left untouched while |
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1943 other windows are ``robbed.'' If it would be necessary to alter the |
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1944 size of a fixed-size window, @code{enlarge-window} gets an error |
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1945 instead. |
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1946 |
6564 | 1947 If @var{size} is negative, this function shrinks the window by |
1948 @minus{}@var{size} lines or columns. If that makes the window smaller | |
1949 than the minimum size (@code{window-min-height} and | |
1950 @code{window-min-width}), @code{enlarge-window} deletes the window. | |
1951 | |
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1952 @code{enlarge-window} returns @code{nil}. |
6564 | 1953 @end deffn |
1954 | |
1955 @deffn Command enlarge-window-horizontally columns | |
1956 This function makes the selected window @var{columns} wider. | |
1957 It could be defined as follows: | |
1958 | |
1959 @example | |
1960 @group | |
1961 (defun enlarge-window-horizontally (columns) | |
1962 (enlarge-window columns t)) | |
1963 @end group | |
1964 @end example | |
1965 @end deffn | |
1966 | |
1967 @deffn Command shrink-window size &optional horizontal | |
1968 This function is like @code{enlarge-window} but negates the argument | |
1969 @var{size}, making the selected window smaller by giving lines (or | |
1970 columns) to the other windows. If the window shrinks below | |
1971 @code{window-min-height} or @code{window-min-width}, then it disappears. | |
1972 | |
1973 If @var{size} is negative, the window is enlarged by @minus{}@var{size} | |
1974 lines or columns. | |
1975 @end deffn | |
1976 | |
1977 @deffn Command shrink-window-horizontally columns | |
1978 This function makes the selected window @var{columns} narrower. | |
1979 It could be defined as follows: | |
1980 | |
1981 @example | |
1982 @group | |
1983 (defun shrink-window-horizontally (columns) | |
1984 (shrink-window columns t)) | |
1985 @end group | |
1986 @end example | |
1987 @end deffn | |
1988 | |
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1989 @deffn Command shrink-window-if-larger-than-buffer &optional window |
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1990 This command shrinks @var{window} to be as small as possible while still |
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1991 showing the full contents of its buffer---but not less than |
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1992 @code{window-min-height} lines. If @var{window} is not given, |
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1993 it defaults to the selected window. |
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1994 |
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1995 However, the command does nothing if the window is already too small to |
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1996 display the whole text of the buffer, or if part of the contents are |
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1997 currently scrolled off screen, or if the window is not the full width of |
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1998 its frame, or if the window is the only window in its frame. |
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1999 |
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2000 This command returns non-@code{nil} if it actually shrank the window |
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2001 and @code{nil} otherwise. |
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2002 @end deffn |
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2003 |
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2004 @tindex window-size-fixed |
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2005 @defvar window-size-fixed |
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2006 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, in any given buffer, |
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2007 then the size of any window displaying the buffer remains fixed |
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2008 unless you explicitly change it or Emacs has no other choice. |
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2009 (This feature is new in Emacs 21.) |
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2010 |
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2011 If the value is @code{height}, then only the window's height is fixed; |
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2012 if the value is @code{width}, then only the window's width is fixed. |
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2013 Any other non-@code{nil} value fixes both the width and the height. |
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2014 |
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2015 This variable automatically becomes buffer-local when set. |
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2016 |
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2017 Explicit size-change functions such as @code{enlarge-window} |
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2018 get an error if they would have to change a window size which is fixed. |
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2019 Therefore, when you want to change the size of such a window, |
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2020 you should bind @code{window-size-fixed} to @code{nil}, like this: |
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2021 |
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2022 @example |
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2023 (let ((window-size-fixed nil)) |
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2024 (enlarge-window 10)) |
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2025 @end example |
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2026 |
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2027 Note that changing the frame size will change the size of a |
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2028 fixed-size window, if there is no other alternative. |
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2029 @end defvar |
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2030 |
6564 | 2031 @cindex minimum window size |
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2032 The following two variables constrain the window-structure-changing |
6564 | 2033 functions to a minimum height and width. |
2034 | |
2035 @defopt window-min-height | |
2036 The value of this variable determines how short a window may become | |
2037 before it is automatically deleted. Making a window smaller than | |
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2038 @code{window-min-height} automatically deletes it, and no window may |
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2039 be created shorter than this. The default value is 4. |
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2040 |
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2041 The absolute minimum window height is one; actions that change window |
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2042 sizes reset this variable to one if it is less than one. |
6564 | 2043 @end defopt |
2044 | |
2045 @defopt window-min-width | |
2046 The value of this variable determines how narrow a window may become | |
22252
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2047 before it is automatically deleted. Making a window smaller than |
6564 | 2048 @code{window-min-width} automatically deletes it, and no window may be |
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2049 created narrower than this. The default value is 10. |
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2050 |
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2051 The absolute minimum window width is two; actions that change window |
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2052 sizes reset this variable to two if it is less than two. |
6564 | 2053 @end defopt |
2054 | |
2055 @node Coordinates and Windows | |
2056 @section Coordinates and Windows | |
2057 | |
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2058 This section describes how to relate screen coordinates to windows. |
6564 | 2059 |
2060 @defun window-at x y &optional frame | |
2061 This function returns the window containing the specified cursor | |
2062 position in the frame @var{frame}. The coordinates @var{x} and @var{y} | |
2063 are measured in characters and count from the top left corner of the | |
2064 frame. If they are out of range, @code{window-at} returns @code{nil}. | |
2065 | |
2066 If you omit @var{frame}, the selected frame is used. | |
2067 @end defun | |
2068 | |
2069 @defun coordinates-in-window-p coordinates window | |
2070 This function checks whether a particular frame position falls within | |
2071 the window @var{window}. | |
2072 | |
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2073 The argument @var{coordinates} is a cons cell of the form @code{(@var{x} |
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2074 . @var{y})}. The coordinates @var{x} and @var{y} are measured in |
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2075 characters, and count from the top left corner of the screen or frame. |
6564 | 2076 |
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2077 The value returned by @code{coordinates-in-window-p} is non-@code{nil} |
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2078 if the coordinates are inside @var{window}. The value also indicates |
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2079 what part of the window the position is in, as follows: |
6564 | 2080 |
2081 @table @code | |
2082 @item (@var{relx} . @var{rely}) | |
2083 The coordinates are inside @var{window}. The numbers @var{relx} and | |
2084 @var{rely} are the equivalent window-relative coordinates for the | |
2085 specified position, counting from 0 at the top left corner of the | |
2086 window. | |
2087 | |
2088 @item mode-line | |
2089 The coordinates are in the mode line of @var{window}. | |
2090 | |
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2091 @item header-line |
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2092 The coordinates are in the header line of @var{window}. |
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2093 |
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2094 @item vertical-line |
6564 | 2095 The coordinates are in the vertical line between @var{window} and its |
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2096 neighbor to the right. This value occurs only if the window doesn't |
6564 | 2097 have a scroll bar; positions in a scroll bar are considered outside the |
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2098 window for these purposes. |
6564 | 2099 |
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2100 @item left-fringe |
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2101 @itemx right-fringe |
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2102 The coordinates are in the left or right fringe of the window. |
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2103 |
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2104 @item left-margin |
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2105 @itemx right-margin |
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2106 The coordinates are in the left or right margin of the window. |
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2107 |
6564 | 2108 @item nil |
2109 The coordinates are not in any part of @var{window}. | |
2110 @end table | |
2111 | |
2112 The function @code{coordinates-in-window-p} does not require a frame as | |
2113 argument because it always uses the frame that @var{window} is on. | |
2114 @end defun | |
2115 | |
2116 @node Window Configurations | |
2117 @section Window Configurations | |
2118 @cindex window configurations | |
2119 @cindex saving window information | |
2120 | |
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2121 A @dfn{window configuration} records the entire layout of one |
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2122 frame---all windows, their sizes, which buffers they contain, what |
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2123 part of each buffer is displayed, and the values of point and the |
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2124 mark; also their fringes, margins, and scroll bar settings. It also |
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2125 includes the values of @code{window-min-height}, |
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2126 @code{window-min-width} and @code{minibuffer-scroll-window}. An |
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2127 exception is made for point in the selected window for the current |
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2128 buffer; its value is not saved in the window configuration. |
6564 | 2129 |
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2130 You can bring back an entire previous layout by restoring a window |
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2131 configuration previously saved. If you want to record all frames |
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2132 instead of just one, use a frame configuration instead of a window |
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2133 configuration. @xref{Frame Configurations}. |
6564 | 2134 |
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2135 @defun current-window-configuration &optional frame |
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2136 This function returns a new object representing @var{frame}'s current |
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2137 window configuration. If @var{frame} is omitted, the selected frame |
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2138 is used. |
6564 | 2139 @end defun |
2140 | |
2141 @defun set-window-configuration configuration | |
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2142 This function restores the configuration of windows and buffers as |
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2143 specified by @var{configuration}, for the frame that @var{configuration} |
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2144 was created for. |
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2145 |
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2146 The argument @var{configuration} must be a value that was previously |
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2147 returned by @code{current-window-configuration}. This configuration is |
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2148 restored in the frame from which @var{configuration} was made, whether |
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2149 that frame is selected or not. This always counts as a window size |
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2150 change and triggers execution of the @code{window-size-change-functions} |
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2151 (@pxref{Window Hooks}), because @code{set-window-configuration} doesn't |
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2152 know how to tell whether the new configuration actually differs from the |
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2153 old one. |
6564 | 2154 |
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2155 If the frame which @var{configuration} was saved from is dead, all this |
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2156 function does is restore the three variables @code{window-min-height}, |
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2157 @code{window-min-width} and @code{minibuffer-scroll-window}. In this |
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2158 case, the function returns @code{nil}. Otherwise, it returns @code{t}. |
12098 | 2159 |
6564 | 2160 Here is a way of using this function to get the same effect |
2161 as @code{save-window-excursion}: | |
2162 | |
2163 @example | |
2164 @group | |
2165 (let ((config (current-window-configuration))) | |
2166 (unwind-protect | |
2167 (progn (split-window-vertically nil) | |
2168 @dots{}) | |
2169 (set-window-configuration config))) | |
2170 @end group | |
2171 @end example | |
2172 @end defun | |
2173 | |
2174 @defspec save-window-excursion forms@dots{} | |
2175 This special form records the window configuration, executes @var{forms} | |
2176 in sequence, then restores the earlier window configuration. The window | |
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2177 configuration includes, for each window, the value of point and the |
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2178 portion of the buffer that is visible. It also includes the choice of |
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2179 selected window. However, it does not include the value of point in |
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2180 the current buffer; use @code{save-excursion} also, if you wish to |
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2181 preserve that. |
6564 | 2182 |
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2183 Don't use this construct when @code{save-selected-window} is sufficient. |
12098 | 2184 |
2185 Exit from @code{save-window-excursion} always triggers execution of the | |
2186 @code{window-size-change-functions}. (It doesn't know how to tell | |
2187 whether the restored configuration actually differs from the one in | |
2188 effect at the end of the @var{forms}.) | |
2189 | |
6564 | 2190 The return value is the value of the final form in @var{forms}. |
2191 For example: | |
2192 | |
2193 @example | |
2194 @group | |
2195 (split-window) | |
2196 @result{} #<window 25 on control.texi> | |
2197 @end group | |
2198 @group | |
2199 (setq w (selected-window)) | |
2200 @result{} #<window 19 on control.texi> | |
2201 @end group | |
2202 @group | |
2203 (save-window-excursion | |
2204 (delete-other-windows w) | |
2205 (switch-to-buffer "foo") | |
2206 'do-something) | |
2207 @result{} do-something | |
2208 ;; @r{The screen is now split again.} | |
2209 @end group | |
2210 @end example | |
2211 @end defspec | |
2212 | |
2213 @defun window-configuration-p object | |
2214 This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a window configuration. | |
2215 @end defun | |
2216 | |
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2217 @defun compare-window-configurations config1 config2 |
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2218 This function compares two window configurations as regards the |
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2219 structure of windows, but ignores the values of point and mark and the |
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2220 saved scrolling positions---it can return @code{t} even if those |
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2221 aspects differ. |
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2222 |
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2223 The function @code{equal} can also compare two window configurations; it |
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2224 regards configurations as unequal if they differ in any respect, even a |
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2225 saved point or mark. |
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2226 @end defun |
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2227 |
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2228 @defun window-configuration-frame config |
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2229 This function returns the frame for which the window configuration |
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2230 @var{config} was made. |
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2231 @end defun |
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2232 |
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2233 Other primitives to look inside of window configurations would make |
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2234 sense, but are not implemented because we did not need them. See the |
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2235 file @file{winner.el} for some more operations on windows |
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2236 configurations. |
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2237 |
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2238 @node Window Hooks |
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2239 @section Hooks for Window Scrolling and Changes |
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2240 |
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2241 This section describes how a Lisp program can take action whenever a |
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2242 window displays a different part of its buffer or a different buffer. |
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2243 There are three actions that can change this: scrolling the window, |
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2244 switching buffers in the window, and changing the size of the window. |
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2245 The first two actions run @code{window-scroll-functions}; the last runs |
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2246 @code{window-size-change-functions}. The paradigmatic use of these |
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2247 hooks is in the implementation of Lazy Lock mode; see @file{lazy-lock.el}. |
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2248 |
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2249 @defvar window-scroll-functions |
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2250 This variable holds a list of functions that Emacs should call before |
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2251 redisplaying a window with scrolling. It is not a normal hook, because |
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2252 each function is called with two arguments: the window, and its new |
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2253 display-start position. |
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2254 |
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2255 Displaying a different buffer in the window also runs these functions. |
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2256 |
22252
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2257 These functions must be careful in using @code{window-end} |
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2258 (@pxref{Window Start}); if you need an up-to-date value, you must use |
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2259 the @var{update} argument to ensure you get it. |
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2260 @end defvar |
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2261 |
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2262 @defvar window-size-change-functions |
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2263 This variable holds a list of functions to be called if the size of any |
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2264 window changes for any reason. The functions are called just once per |
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2265 redisplay, and just once for each frame on which size changes have |
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2266 occurred. |
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2267 |
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2268 Each function receives the frame as its sole argument. There is no |
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2269 direct way to find out which windows on that frame have changed size, or |
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2270 precisely how. However, if a size-change function records, at each |
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2271 call, the existing windows and their sizes, it can also compare the |
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2272 present sizes and the previous sizes. |
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2273 |
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2274 Creating or deleting windows counts as a size change, and therefore |
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2275 causes these functions to be called. Changing the frame size also |
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2276 counts, because it changes the sizes of the existing windows. |
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2277 |
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2278 It is not a good idea to use @code{save-window-excursion} (@pxref{Window |
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2279 Configurations}) in these functions, because that always counts as a |
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2280 size change, and it would cause these functions to be called over and |
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2281 over. In most cases, @code{save-selected-window} (@pxref{Selecting |
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2282 Windows}) is what you need here. |
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2283 @end defvar |
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2284 |
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2285 @defvar redisplay-end-trigger-functions |
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2286 This abnormal hook is run whenever redisplay in a window uses text that |
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2287 extends past a specified end trigger position. You set the end trigger |
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2288 position with the function @code{set-window-redisplay-end-trigger}. The |
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2289 functions are called with two arguments: the window, and the end trigger |
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2290 position. Storing @code{nil} for the end trigger position turns off the |
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2291 feature, and the trigger value is automatically reset to @code{nil} just |
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2292 after the hook is run. |
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2293 @end defvar |
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2294 |
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2295 @defun set-window-redisplay-end-trigger window position |
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2296 This function sets @var{window}'s end trigger position at |
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2297 @var{position}. |
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2298 @end defun |
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2299 |
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2300 @defun window-redisplay-end-trigger &optional window |
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2301 This function returns @var{window}'s current end trigger position. |
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2302 If @var{window} is @code{nil} or omitted, it uses the selected window. |
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2303 @end defun |
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2304 |
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2305 @defvar window-configuration-change-hook |
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2306 A normal hook that is run every time you change the window configuration |
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2307 of an existing frame. This includes splitting or deleting windows, |
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2308 changing the sizes of windows, or displaying a different buffer in a |
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2309 window. The frame whose window configuration has changed is the |
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2310 selected frame when this hook runs. |
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2311 @end defvar |
52401 | 2312 |
2313 @ignore | |
2314 arch-tag: 3f6c36e8-df49-4986-b757-417feed88be3 | |
2315 @end ignore |