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annotate man/mini.texi @ 69202:2a2696d40bd5
(Top): Include "Load Suffixes" in the detailed menu.
author | Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu> |
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date | Tue, 28 Feb 2006 03:07:28 +0000 |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001, |
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3 @c 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
5 @node Minibuffer, M-x, Basic, Top | |
6 @chapter The Minibuffer | |
7 @cindex minibuffer | |
8 | |
9 The @dfn{minibuffer} is the facility used by Emacs commands to read | |
10 arguments more complicated than a single number. Minibuffer arguments | |
11 can be file names, buffer names, Lisp function names, Emacs command | |
12 names, Lisp expressions, and many other things, depending on the command | |
13 reading the argument. You can use the usual Emacs editing commands in | |
14 the minibuffer to edit the argument text. | |
15 | |
16 @cindex prompt | |
17 When the minibuffer is in use, it appears in the echo area, and the | |
18 terminal's cursor moves there. The beginning of the minibuffer line | |
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19 displays a @dfn{prompt} in a special color, to say what kind of input |
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20 you should supply and how it will be used. Often this prompt is |
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21 derived from the name of the command that the argument is for. The |
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22 prompt normally ends with a colon. |
25829 | 23 |
24 @cindex default argument | |
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25 Sometimes a @dfn{default argument} appears in parentheses before the |
25829 | 26 colon; it too is part of the prompt. The default will be used as the |
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27 argument value if you enter an empty argument (that is, just type |
25829 | 28 @key{RET}). For example, commands that read buffer names always show a |
29 default, which is the name of the buffer that will be used if you type | |
30 just @key{RET}. | |
31 | |
32 The simplest way to enter a minibuffer argument is to type the text | |
33 you want, terminated by @key{RET} which exits the minibuffer. You can | |
34 cancel the command that wants the argument, and get out of the | |
35 minibuffer, by typing @kbd{C-g}. | |
36 | |
37 Since the minibuffer uses the screen space of the echo area, it can | |
38 conflict with other ways Emacs customarily uses the echo area. Here is how | |
39 Emacs handles such conflicts: | |
40 | |
41 @itemize @bullet | |
42 @item | |
43 If a command gets an error while you are in the minibuffer, this does | |
44 not cancel the minibuffer. However, the echo area is needed for the | |
45 error message and therefore the minibuffer itself is hidden for a | |
46 while. It comes back after a few seconds, or as soon as you type | |
47 anything. | |
48 | |
49 @item | |
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50 If in the minibuffer you use a command whose purpose is to display a |
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51 message in the echo area, such as @kbd{C-x =}, the message hides the |
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52 minibuffer for a while. The minibuffer contents come back after a few |
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53 seconds, or as soon as you type anything. |
25829 | 54 |
55 @item | |
56 Echoing of keystrokes does not take place while the minibuffer is in | |
57 use. | |
58 @end itemize | |
59 | |
60 @menu | |
61 * File: Minibuffer File. Entering file names with the minibuffer. | |
62 * Edit: Minibuffer Edit. How to edit in the minibuffer. | |
63 * Completion:: An abbreviation facility for minibuffer input. | |
64 * Minibuffer History:: Reusing recent minibuffer arguments. | |
65 * Repetition:: Re-executing commands that used the minibuffer. | |
66 @end menu | |
67 | |
68 @node Minibuffer File | |
69 @section Minibuffers for File Names | |
70 | |
71 Sometimes the minibuffer starts out with text in it. For example, when | |
72 you are supposed to give a file name, the minibuffer starts out containing | |
73 the @dfn{default directory}, which ends with a slash. This is to inform | |
74 you which directory the file will be found in if you do not specify a | |
75 directory. | |
76 | |
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25829 | 78 @need 1500 |
79 For example, the minibuffer might start out with these contents: | |
80 | |
81 @example | |
82 Find File: /u2/emacs/src/ | |
83 @end example | |
84 | |
85 @noindent | |
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86 where @samp{Find File:@: } is the prompt. Typing @kbd{buffer.c} as |
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87 input specifies the file @file{/u2/emacs/src/buffer.c}. To find files |
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88 in nearby directories, use @kbd{..}; thus, if you type |
25829 | 89 @kbd{../lisp/simple.el}, you will get the file named |
90 @file{/u2/emacs/lisp/simple.el}. Alternatively, you can kill with | |
91 @kbd{M-@key{DEL}} the directory names you don't want (@pxref{Words}). | |
92 | |
93 If you don't want any of the default, you can kill it with @kbd{C-a | |
94 C-k}. But you don't need to kill the default; you can simply ignore it. | |
95 Insert an absolute file name, one starting with a slash or a tilde, | |
96 after the default directory. For example, to specify the file | |
97 @file{/etc/termcap}, just insert that name, giving these minibuffer | |
98 contents: | |
99 | |
100 @example | |
101 Find File: /u2/emacs/src//etc/termcap | |
102 @end example | |
103 | |
104 @noindent | |
105 @cindex // in file name | |
106 @cindex double slash in file name | |
107 @cindex slashes repeated in file name | |
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108 @findex file-name-shadow-mode |
25829 | 109 GNU Emacs gives a special meaning to a double slash (which is not |
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110 normally a useful thing to write): it means, ``ignore everything |
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111 before the second slash in the pair.'' Thus, @samp{/u2/emacs/src/} is |
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112 ignored in the example above, and you get the file |
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113 @file{/etc/termcap}. The ignored part of the file name is dimmed if |
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114 the terminal allows it; to disable this, turn off |
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115 @code{file-name-shadow-mode} minor mode. |
25829 | 116 |
68458 | 117 If you set @code{insert-default-directory} to @code{nil}, the |
118 default directory is never inserted in the minibuffer---so the | |
119 minibuffer starts out empty. But the name you type, if relative, is | |
120 still interpreted with respect to the same default directory. | |
25829 | 121 |
122 @node Minibuffer Edit | |
123 @section Editing in the Minibuffer | |
124 | |
125 The minibuffer is an Emacs buffer (albeit a peculiar one), and the usual | |
126 Emacs commands are available for editing the text of an argument you are | |
127 entering. | |
128 | |
129 Since @key{RET} in the minibuffer is defined to exit the minibuffer, | |
130 you can't use it to insert a newline in the minibuffer. To do that, | |
68458 | 131 type @kbd{C-o} or @kbd{C-q C-j}. (The newline character is really the |
132 @acronym{ASCII} character control-J.) | |
25829 | 133 |
68458 | 134 The minibuffer has its own window, which normally has space on the |
135 Emacs frame at all times, but it only acts like an Emacs window when | |
136 the minibuffer is really in use. At those times, its window is much | |
137 like any other Emacs window; you can switch from the minibuffer window | |
138 to another window with @kbd{C-x o}, and edit text in other windows, | |
139 before returning to the minibuffer to submit the argument. You can | |
140 kill text in another window, return to the minibuffer window, and then | |
141 yank the text to use it in the argument. @xref{Windows}. | |
25829 | 142 |
143 @cindex height of minibuffer | |
144 @cindex size of minibuffer | |
145 @cindex growing minibuffer | |
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146 @cindex resizing minibuffer |
25829 | 147 There are some restrictions on the use of the minibuffer window, |
148 however. You cannot switch buffers in it---the minibuffer and its | |
149 window are permanently attached. Also, you cannot split or kill the | |
150 minibuffer window. But you can make it taller in the normal fashion | |
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151 with @kbd{C-x ^}. |
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152 |
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153 @vindex resize-mini-windows |
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154 The minibuffer window expands vertically as necessary to hold the |
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155 text that you put in the minibuffer. If @code{resize-mini-windows} is |
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156 @code{t} (the default), the window is always resized to fit the size |
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157 of the text it displays. If its value is the symbol @code{grow-only}, |
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158 the window grows when the size of displayed text increases, but |
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159 shrinks (back to the normal size) only when the minibuffer becomes |
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160 inactive. If its value is @code{nil}, you have to adjust the height |
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161 yourself. |
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162 |
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163 @vindex max-mini-window-height |
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164 The variable @code{max-mini-window-height} controls the maximum |
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165 height for resizing the minibuffer window: a floating-point number |
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166 specifies a fraction of the frame's height; an integer specifies the |
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167 maximum number of lines; @code{nil} means do not resize the minibuffer |
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168 window automatically. The default value is 0.25. |
25829 | 169 |
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170 If, while in the minibuffer, you issue a command that displays help |
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171 text of any sort in another window, you can use the @kbd{C-M-v} |
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172 command while in the minibuffer to scroll the help text. |
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173 (@kbd{M-@key{PAGEUP}} and @kbd{M-@key{PAGEDOWN}} also operate on that |
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174 help text.) This lasts until you exit the minibuffer. This feature |
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175 is especially useful when you display a buffer listing possible |
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176 completions. @xref{Other Window}. |
25829 | 177 |
178 @vindex enable-recursive-minibuffers | |
179 Emacs normally disallows most commands that use the minibuffer while | |
180 the minibuffer is active. This rule is to prevent recursive minibuffers | |
181 from confusing novice users. If you want to be able to use such | |
182 commands in the minibuffer, set the variable | |
183 @code{enable-recursive-minibuffers} to a non-@code{nil} value. | |
184 | |
185 @node Completion | |
186 @section Completion | |
187 @cindex completion | |
188 | |
189 For certain kinds of arguments, you can use @dfn{completion} to enter | |
190 the argument value. Completion means that you type part of the | |
191 argument, then Emacs visibly fills in the rest, or as much as | |
192 can be determined from the part you have typed. | |
193 | |
194 When completion is available, certain keys---@key{TAB}, @key{RET}, and | |
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195 @key{SPC}---are rebound to complete the text in the minibuffer before point |
25829 | 196 into a longer string that it stands for, by matching it against a set of |
197 @dfn{completion alternatives} provided by the command reading the | |
198 argument. @kbd{?} is defined to display a list of possible completions | |
199 of what you have inserted. | |
200 | |
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201 For example, when @kbd{M-x} uses the minibuffer to read the name of |
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202 a command, it provides a list of all available Emacs command names to |
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203 complete against. The completion keys match the minibuffer text |
25829 | 204 against all the command names, find any additional name characters |
205 implied by the ones already present in the minibuffer, and add those | |
206 characters to the ones you have given. This is what makes it possible | |
207 to type @kbd{M-x ins @key{SPC} b @key{RET}} instead of @kbd{M-x | |
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208 insert-buffer @key{RET}} (for example). (@key{SPC} does not do |
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209 completion in reading file names, because it is common to use spaces |
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210 in file names on some systems.) |
25829 | 211 |
212 Case is normally significant in completion, because it is significant | |
213 in most of the names that you can complete (buffer names, file names and | |
214 command names). Thus, @samp{fo} does not complete to @samp{Foo}. | |
215 Completion does ignore case distinctions for certain arguments in which | |
216 case does not matter. | |
217 | |
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218 Completion acts only on the text before point. If there is text in |
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219 the minibuffer after point---i.e., if you move point backward after |
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220 typing some text into the minibuffer---it remains unchanged. |
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221 |
25829 | 222 @menu |
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223 * Example: Completion Example. Examples of using completion. |
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224 * Commands: Completion Commands. A list of completion commands. |
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225 * Strict Completion:: Different types of completion. |
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226 * Options: Completion Options. Options for completion. |
25829 | 227 @end menu |
228 | |
229 @node Completion Example | |
230 @subsection Completion Example | |
231 | |
232 @kindex TAB @r{(completion)} | |
233 @findex minibuffer-complete | |
234 A concrete example may help here. If you type @kbd{M-x au @key{TAB}}, | |
235 the @key{TAB} looks for alternatives (in this case, command names) that | |
236 start with @samp{au}. There are several, including | |
237 @code{auto-fill-mode} and @code{auto-save-mode}---but they are all the | |
238 same as far as @code{auto-}, so the @samp{au} in the minibuffer changes | |
239 to @samp{auto-}.@refill | |
240 | |
241 If you type @key{TAB} again immediately, there are multiple | |
242 possibilities for the very next character---it could be any of | |
243 @samp{cfilrs}---so no more characters are added; instead, @key{TAB} | |
244 displays a list of all possible completions in another window. | |
245 | |
246 If you go on to type @kbd{f @key{TAB}}, this @key{TAB} sees | |
247 @samp{auto-f}. The only command name starting this way is | |
248 @code{auto-fill-mode}, so completion fills in the rest of that. You now | |
249 have @samp{auto-fill-mode} in the minibuffer after typing just @kbd{au | |
250 @key{TAB} f @key{TAB}}. Note that @key{TAB} has this effect because in | |
251 the minibuffer it is bound to the command @code{minibuffer-complete} | |
252 when completion is available. | |
253 | |
254 @node Completion Commands | |
255 @subsection Completion Commands | |
256 | |
257 Here is a list of the completion commands defined in the minibuffer | |
258 when completion is available. | |
259 | |
260 @table @kbd | |
261 @item @key{TAB} | |
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262 Complete the text before point in the minibuffer as much as possible |
25829 | 263 (@code{minibuffer-complete}). |
264 @item @key{SPC} | |
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265 Complete the minibuffer text before point, but don't go beyond one |
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266 word (@code{minibuffer-complete-word}). @key{SPC} for completion is |
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267 not available when entering a file name, since some users often put |
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268 spaces in filenames. |
25829 | 269 @item @key{RET} |
270 Submit the text in the minibuffer as the argument, possibly completing | |
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271 first as described |
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272 @iftex |
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273 in the next subsection (@code{minibuffer-complete-and-exit}). |
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274 @end iftex |
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275 @ifnottex |
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276 in the next node (@code{minibuffer-complete-and-exit}). @xref{Strict |
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277 Completion}. |
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278 @end ifnottex |
25829 | 279 @item ? |
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280 Display a list of all possible completions of the text in the minibuffer |
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281 (@code{minibuffer-completion-help}). |
25829 | 282 @end table |
283 | |
284 @kindex SPC | |
285 @findex minibuffer-complete-word | |
286 @key{SPC} completes much like @key{TAB}, but never goes beyond the | |
287 next hyphen or space. If you have @samp{auto-f} in the minibuffer and | |
288 type @key{SPC}, it finds that the completion is @samp{auto-fill-mode}, | |
289 but it stops completing after @samp{fill-}. This gives | |
290 @samp{auto-fill-}. Another @key{SPC} at this point completes all the | |
38786 | 291 way to @samp{auto-fill-mode}. The command that implements this |
292 behavior is called @code{minibuffer-complete-word}. | |
25829 | 293 |
294 Here are some commands you can use to choose a completion from a | |
295 window that displays a list of completions: | |
296 | |
297 @table @kbd | |
298 @findex mouse-choose-completion | |
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299 @item Mouse-1 |
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300 @itemx Mouse-2 |
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301 Clicking mouse button 1 or 2 on a completion in the list of possible |
25829 | 302 completions chooses that completion (@code{mouse-choose-completion}). |
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303 You normally use this command while point is in the minibuffer, but you |
25829 | 304 must click in the list of completions, not in the minibuffer itself. |
305 | |
306 @findex switch-to-completions | |
307 @item @key{PRIOR} | |
308 @itemx M-v | |
309 Typing @key{PRIOR} or @key{PAGE-UP}, or @kbd{M-v}, while in the | |
310 minibuffer, selects the window showing the completion list buffer | |
311 (@code{switch-to-completions}). This paves the way for using the | |
312 commands below. (Selecting that window in the usual ways has the same | |
313 effect, but this way is more convenient.) | |
314 | |
315 @findex choose-completion | |
316 @item @key{RET} | |
317 Typing @key{RET} @emph{in the completion list buffer} chooses the | |
318 completion that point is in or next to (@code{choose-completion}). To | |
319 use this command, you must first switch windows to the window that shows | |
320 the list of completions. | |
321 | |
322 @findex next-completion | |
323 @item @key{RIGHT} | |
324 Typing the right-arrow key @key{RIGHT} @emph{in the completion list | |
325 buffer} moves point to the following completion (@code{next-completion}). | |
326 | |
327 @findex previous-completion | |
328 @item @key{LEFT} | |
329 Typing the left-arrow key @key{LEFT} @emph{in the completion list | |
330 buffer} moves point toward the beginning of the buffer, to the previous | |
331 completion (@code{previous-completion}). | |
332 @end table | |
333 | |
334 @node Strict Completion | |
335 @subsection Strict Completion | |
336 | |
337 There are three different ways that @key{RET} can work in completing | |
338 minibuffers, depending on how the argument will be used. | |
339 | |
340 @itemize @bullet | |
341 @item | |
342 @dfn{Strict} completion is used when it is meaningless to give any | |
343 argument except one of the known alternatives. For example, when | |
344 @kbd{C-x k} reads the name of a buffer to kill, it is meaningless to | |
345 give anything but the name of an existing buffer. In strict | |
346 completion, @key{RET} refuses to exit if the text in the minibuffer | |
347 does not complete to an exact match. | |
348 | |
349 @item | |
350 @dfn{Cautious} completion is similar to strict completion, except that | |
351 @key{RET} exits only if the text was an exact match already, not | |
352 needing completion. If the text is not an exact match, @key{RET} does | |
353 not exit, but it does complete the text. If it completes to an exact | |
354 match, a second @key{RET} will exit. | |
355 | |
356 Cautious completion is used for reading file names for files that must | |
357 already exist. | |
358 | |
359 @item | |
360 @dfn{Permissive} completion is used when any string whatever is | |
361 meaningful, and the list of completion alternatives is just a guide. | |
362 For example, when @kbd{C-x C-f} reads the name of a file to visit, any | |
363 file name is allowed, in case you want to create a file. In | |
364 permissive completion, @key{RET} takes the text in the minibuffer | |
365 exactly as given, without completing it. | |
366 @end itemize | |
367 | |
368 The completion commands display a list of all possible completions in | |
369 a window whenever there is more than one possibility for the very next | |
370 character. Also, typing @kbd{?} explicitly requests such a list. If | |
371 the list of completions is long, you can scroll it with @kbd{C-M-v} | |
372 (@pxref{Other Window}). | |
373 | |
374 @node Completion Options | |
375 @subsection Completion Options | |
376 | |
377 @vindex completion-ignored-extensions | |
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378 @cindex ignored file names, in completion |
25829 | 379 When completion is done on file names, certain file names are usually |
380 ignored. The variable @code{completion-ignored-extensions} contains a | |
381 list of strings; a file whose name ends in any of those strings is | |
382 ignored as a possible completion. The standard value of this variable | |
383 has several elements including @code{".o"}, @code{".elc"}, @code{".dvi"} | |
384 and @code{"~"}. The effect is that, for example, @samp{foo} can | |
385 complete to @samp{foo.c} even though @samp{foo.o} exists as well. | |
386 However, if @emph{all} the possible completions end in ``ignored'' | |
387 strings, then they are not ignored. Ignored extensions do not apply to | |
388 lists of completions---those always mention all possible completions. | |
389 | |
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390 If an element of the list in @code{completion-ignored-extensions} ends |
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391 in a slash @file{/}, it indicates a subdirectory that should be ignored |
68458 | 392 when completing file names. Elements of |
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393 @code{completion-ignored-extensions} which do not end in a slash are |
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394 never considered when a completion candidate is a directory; thus, |
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395 completion returns directories whose names end in @file{.elc} even |
68458 | 396 though there's an element @code{".elc"} in the list. |
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397 |
25829 | 398 @vindex completion-auto-help |
38786 | 399 Normally, a completion command that cannot determine even one |
400 additional character automatically displays a list of all possible | |
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401 completions. If the variable @code{completion-auto-help} is set to |
38786 | 402 @code{nil}, this automatic display is disabled, so you must type |
403 @kbd{?} to display the list of completions. | |
25829 | 404 |
28129 | 405 @cindex Partial Completion mode |
406 @vindex partial-completion-mode | |
407 @findex partial-completion-mode | |
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408 Partial Completion mode implements a more powerful kind of |
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409 completion that can complete multiple words in parallel. For example, |
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410 it can complete the command name abbreviation @code{p-b} into |
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411 @code{print-buffer}, because no other command starts with two words |
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412 whose initials are @samp{p} and @samp{b}. |
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413 |
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414 Partial completion of directories in file names uses @samp{*} to |
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415 indicate the places for completion; thus, @file{/u*/b*/f*} might |
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416 complete to @file{/usr/bin/foo}. |
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417 |
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418 To enable this mode, use the command @kbd{M-x |
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419 partial-completion-mode}, or customize the variable |
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420 @code{partial-completion-mode}. This binds the partial completion |
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421 commands to @key{TAB}, @key{SPC}, @key{RET}, and @kbd{?}. The usual |
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422 completion commands are available on @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} (or |
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423 @kbd{C-M-i}), @kbd{M-@key{SPC}}, @kbd{M-@key{RET}} and @kbd{M-?}. |
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424 |
28129 | 425 @vindex PC-include-file-path |
426 @vindex PC-disable-includes | |
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427 Another feature of Partial Completion mode is to extend |
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428 @code{find-file} so that @samp{<@var{include}>} stands for the |
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429 file named @var{include} in some directory in the path |
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430 @code{PC-include-file-path}. If you set @code{PC-disable-includes} to |
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431 non-@code{nil}, this feature is disabled. |
25829 | 432 |
433 @cindex Icomplete mode | |
28129 | 434 @findex icomplete-mode |
25829 | 435 Icomplete mode presents a constantly-updated display that tells you |
436 what completions are available for the text you've entered so far. The | |
437 command to enable or disable this minor mode is @kbd{M-x | |
438 icomplete-mode}. | |
439 | |
440 @node Minibuffer History | |
441 @section Minibuffer History | |
442 @cindex minibuffer history | |
443 @cindex history of minibuffer input | |
444 | |
445 Every argument that you enter with the minibuffer is saved on a | |
446 @dfn{minibuffer history list} so that you can use it again later in | |
447 another argument. Special commands load the text of an earlier argument | |
448 in the minibuffer. They discard the old minibuffer contents, so you can | |
449 think of them as moving through the history of previous arguments. | |
450 | |
451 @table @kbd | |
452 @item @key{UP} | |
453 @itemx M-p | |
454 Move to the next earlier argument string saved in the minibuffer history | |
455 (@code{previous-history-element}). | |
456 @item @key{DOWN} | |
457 @itemx M-n | |
458 Move to the next later argument string saved in the minibuffer history | |
459 (@code{next-history-element}). | |
460 @item M-r @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
461 Move to an earlier saved argument in the minibuffer history that has a | |
462 match for @var{regexp} (@code{previous-matching-history-element}). | |
463 @item M-s @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
464 Move to a later saved argument in the minibuffer history that has a | |
465 match for @var{regexp} (@code{next-matching-history-element}). | |
466 @end table | |
467 | |
468 @kindex M-p @r{(minibuffer history)} | |
469 @kindex M-n @r{(minibuffer history)} | |
470 @findex next-history-element | |
471 @findex previous-history-element | |
472 The simplest way to reuse the saved arguments in the history list is | |
473 to move through the history list one element at a time. While in the | |
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474 minibuffer, use @kbd{M-p} or up-arrow |
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475 (@code{previous-history-element}) to ``move to'' the next earlier |
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476 minibuffer input, and use @kbd{M-n} or down-arrow |
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477 (@code{next-history-element}) to ``move to'' the next later input. |
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478 These commands don't move the cursor, they bring different saved |
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479 strings into the minibuffer. But you can think of them as ``moving'' |
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480 through the history list. |
25829 | 481 |
482 The previous input that you fetch from the history entirely replaces | |
483 the contents of the minibuffer. To use it as the argument, exit the | |
484 minibuffer as usual with @key{RET}. You can also edit the text before | |
485 you reuse it; this does not change the history element that you | |
486 ``moved'' to, but your new argument does go at the end of the history | |
487 list in its own right. | |
488 | |
68458 | 489 For many minibuffer arguments there is a ``default'' value. Then |
490 you can insert the default value into the minibuffer as text by using | |
491 @kbd{M-n} to move ``into the future'' in the history. | |
25829 | 492 |
493 @findex previous-matching-history-element | |
494 @findex next-matching-history-element | |
495 @kindex M-r @r{(minibuffer history)} | |
496 @kindex M-s @r{(minibuffer history)} | |
497 There are also commands to search forward or backward through the | |
498 history; they search for history elements that match a regular | |
499 expression that you specify with the minibuffer. @kbd{M-r} | |
500 (@code{previous-matching-history-element}) searches older elements in | |
501 the history, while @kbd{M-s} (@code{next-matching-history-element}) | |
502 searches newer elements. By special dispensation, these commands can | |
503 use the minibuffer to read their arguments even though you are already | |
504 in the minibuffer when you issue them. As with incremental searching, | |
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505 an upper-case letter in the regular expression makes the search |
25829 | 506 case-sensitive (@pxref{Search Case}). |
507 | |
508 @ignore | |
509 We may change the precise way these commands read their arguments. | |
510 Perhaps they will search for a match for the string given so far in the | |
511 minibuffer; perhaps they will search for a literal match rather than a | |
512 regular expression match; perhaps they will only accept matches at the | |
513 beginning of a history element; perhaps they will read the string to | |
514 search for incrementally like @kbd{C-s}. To find out what interface is | |
515 actually available, type @kbd{C-h f previous-matching-history-element}. | |
516 @end ignore | |
517 | |
518 All uses of the minibuffer record your input on a history list, but | |
519 there are separate history lists for different kinds of arguments. For | |
520 example, there is a list for file names, used by all the commands that | |
521 read file names. (As a special feature, this history list records | |
522 the absolute file name, no more and no less, even if that is not how | |
523 you entered the file name.) | |
524 | |
525 There are several other very specific history lists, including one for | |
526 command names read by @kbd{M-x}, one for buffer names, one for arguments | |
527 of commands like @code{query-replace}, and one for compilation commands | |
528 read by @code{compile}. Finally, there is one ``miscellaneous'' history | |
529 list that most minibuffer arguments use. | |
530 | |
531 @vindex history-length | |
532 The variable @code{history-length} specifies the maximum length of a | |
533 minibuffer history list; once a list gets that long, the oldest element | |
534 is deleted each time an element is added. If the value of | |
535 @code{history-length} is @code{t}, though, there is no maximum length | |
536 and elements are never deleted. | |
537 | |
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538 @vindex history-delete-duplicates |
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539 The variable @code{history-delete-duplicates} specifies whether to |
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540 delete duplicates in history. If the value of @code{history-delete-duplicates} |
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541 is @code{t}, that means when adding a new history element, all |
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542 previous identical elements are deleted. |
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543 |
25829 | 544 @node Repetition |
545 @section Repeating Minibuffer Commands | |
546 @cindex command history | |
547 @cindex history of commands | |
548 | |
549 Every command that uses the minibuffer at least once is recorded on a | |
550 special history list, together with the values of its arguments, so that | |
551 you can repeat the entire command. In particular, every use of | |
552 @kbd{M-x} is recorded there, since @kbd{M-x} uses the minibuffer to read | |
553 the command name. | |
554 | |
555 @findex list-command-history | |
556 @table @kbd | |
557 @item C-x @key{ESC} @key{ESC} | |
558 Re-execute a recent minibuffer command (@code{repeat-complex-command}). | |
559 @item M-x list-command-history | |
560 Display the entire command history, showing all the commands | |
561 @kbd{C-x @key{ESC} @key{ESC}} can repeat, most recent first. | |
562 @end table | |
563 | |
564 @kindex C-x ESC ESC | |
565 @findex repeat-complex-command | |
566 @kbd{C-x @key{ESC} @key{ESC}} is used to re-execute a recent | |
567 minibuffer-using command. With no argument, it repeats the last such | |
568 command. A numeric argument specifies which command to repeat; one | |
569 means the last one, and larger numbers specify earlier ones. | |
570 | |
571 @kbd{C-x @key{ESC} @key{ESC}} works by turning the previous command | |
572 into a Lisp expression and then entering a minibuffer initialized with | |
573 the text for that expression. If you type just @key{RET}, the command | |
574 is repeated as before. You can also change the command by editing the | |
575 Lisp expression. Whatever expression you finally submit is what will be | |
576 executed. The repeated command is added to the front of the command | |
577 history unless it is identical to the most recently executed command | |
578 already there. | |
579 | |
580 Even if you don't understand Lisp syntax, it will probably be obvious | |
581 which command is displayed for repetition. If you do not change the | |
582 text, it will repeat exactly as before. | |
583 | |
584 Once inside the minibuffer for @kbd{C-x @key{ESC} @key{ESC}}, you can | |
585 use the minibuffer history commands (@kbd{M-p}, @kbd{M-n}, @kbd{M-r}, | |
586 @kbd{M-s}; @pxref{Minibuffer History}) to move through the history list | |
587 of saved entire commands. After finding the desired previous command, | |
588 you can edit its expression as usual and then resubmit it by typing | |
589 @key{RET} as usual. | |
590 | |
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591 @vindex isearch-resume-in-command-history |
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592 Incremental search does not, strictly speaking, use the minibuffer, |
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593 but it does something similar. Although it behaves like a complex command, |
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594 it normally does not appear in the history list for @kbd{C-x |
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595 @key{ESC} @key{ESC}}. You can make it appear in the history by |
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596 setting @code{isearch-resume-in-command-history} to a non-@code{nil} |
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597 value. @xref{Incremental Search}. |
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598 |
25829 | 599 @vindex command-history |
600 The list of previous minibuffer-using commands is stored as a Lisp | |
601 list in the variable @code{command-history}. Each element is a Lisp | |
602 expression which describes one command and its arguments. Lisp programs | |
603 can re-execute a command by calling @code{eval} with the | |
604 @code{command-history} element. | |
52401 | 605 |
606 @ignore | |
607 arch-tag: ba913cfd-b70e-400f-b663-22b2c309227f | |
608 @end ignore |