annotate etc/tutorials/TUTORIAL.es @ 108027:2ba5d029fd5e

Gtk tool bars can be text, icons with text or just icons * frames.texi (Tool Bars): Add tool-bar-style. * vc-dir.el (vc-dir-tool-bar-map): Add :label on some tool bar items. * tool-bar.el (tool-bar-setup): Add :label on some tool bar items. * loadup.el: Load dynamic-setting.el if feature dynamic-setting is present. * info.el (info-tool-bar-map): Add labels. * cus-start.el (all): Add tool-bar-style and tool-bar-max-label-size. * cus-edit.el (custom-commands): Add labels for tool bar. (custom-buffer-create-internal, Custom-mode): Adjust for labels in custom-commands. * dynamic-setting.el: Renamed from font-setting.el. * xsettings.c: Qmonospace_font_name, Qtool_bar_style and current_tool_bar_style are new. (store_config_changed_event): Rename from store_font_changed_event. (XSETTINGS_TOOL_BAR_STYLE): New define. (SEEN_FONT, SEEN_TB_STYLE): New enum values. (struct xsettings): Add font and tb_style, set xft stuff inside #ifdef HAVE_XFT. (something_changedCB): store_font_changed_event is now store_config_changed_event (parse_settings): Rename from parse_xft_settings. Read non-xft xsettings outside #ifdef HAVE_XFT. (read_settings): Renamed from read_xft_settings. (apply_xft_settings): Take current settings as parameter. Do not call read_(xft)_settings. (read_and_apply_settings): New function. (xft_settings_event): Do non-xft stuff out of HAVE_XFT. Call read_and_apply_settings if there are settings to be read. (init_xsettings): Renamed from init_xfd_settings. Call read_and_apply_settings unconditionally. (xsettings_initialize): Call init_xsettings. (Ftool_bar_get_system_style): New function. (syms_of_xsettings): Define Qmonospace_font_name and Qtool_bar_style. Initialize current_tool_bar_style to nil. defsubr Stool_bar_get_system_style. Fprovide on dynamic-setting. * xsettings.h (Ftool_bar_get_system_style): Declare. * xdisp.c: Vtool_bar_style, tool_bar_max_label_size, Qtext, Qboth, Qboth_horiz are new. (syms_of_xdisp): Intern Qtext, Qboth, Qboth_horiz, DEFVAR Vtool_bar_style, tool_bar_max_label_size. * lisp.h: Extern declare Qtext, Qboth, Qboth_horiz. * keyboard.c: QClabel is new. (parse_tool_bar_item): Take out QClabel from tool bar items. Try to construct a label if ther is no QClabel. (syms_of_keyboard): Intern :label as QClabel. * dispextern.h (tool_bar_item_idx): TOOL_BAR_ITEM_LABEL is new. (Vtool_bar_style, tool_bar_max_label_size, DEFAULT_TOOL_BAR_LABEL_SIZE): New. * Makefile.in (SOME_MACHINE_LISP): font-setting.el renamed to dynamic-setting.el. * gtkutil.c (xg_tool_bar_menu_proxy): Handle label in tool bar item. (xg_make_tool_item, xg_show_toolbar_item): New function. (update_frame_tool_bar): Take label from TOOL_BAR_ITEM_LABEL. Call xg_make_tool_item to make a tool bar item. Call xg_show_toolbar_item. Use wtoolbar instead of x->toolbar_widget. * xterm.c (x_draw_image_relief): Take Vtool_bar_button_margin into account for toolbars.
author Jan D. <jan.h.d@swipnet.se>
date Wed, 21 Apr 2010 18:26:09 +0200
parents 45d0913cbd81
children aafb405c254e
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1 Tutorial de Emacs. Vea al final las condiciones de copiado.
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2
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3 Generalmente los comandos de Emacs involucran la tecla CONTROL
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4 (algunas veces llamada CTRL O CTL) o la tecla meta (algunas veces
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5 llamada EDIT o ALT). En lugar de escribir completamente esto en cada
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6 ocasión, usaremos las siguientes abreviaturas.
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7
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8 C-<car> significa mantener presionada la tecla CONTROL mientras
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9 teclea el carácter <car>. Por lo tanto C-f será: Mantenga
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10 presionada la tecla CONTROL y teclee f.
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11 M-<car> significa mantener presionada la tecla META o EDIT o ALT
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12 mientras teclea <car>. Si no hay teclas META, EDIT o ALT, en
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13 su lugar presione y libere la tecla ESC y luego teclee
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14 <car>. Escribimos <ESC> para referirnos a la tecla ESC.
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15
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16 Nota importante: para terminar la sesión de Emacs teclee C-x C-c (dos
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17 caracteres). Los caracteres ">>" en el margen izquierdo indican
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18 instrucciones para que usted trate de usar un comando. Por ejemplo:
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19 <<Blank lines inserted around following line by help-with-tutorial>>
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20 [Mitad de página en blanco para propósitos didácticos. El texto continúa abajo]
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21 >> Ahora teclee C-v (ver la próxima pantalla) para desplazarse a la
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22 siguiente pantalla (hágalo manteniendo la tecla control
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23 oprimida mientras teclea v). Desde ahora debería hacer esto
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24 cada vez que termine de leer la pantalla.
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25
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26 Note que se superponen dos líneas cuando se mueve de pantalla en
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27 pantalla; esto provee una continuidad para que pueda seguir leyendo el
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28 texto.
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29
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30 Lo primero que necesita saber es como moverse de un lugar a otro en el
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31 texto. Ya sabe como avanzar una pantalla, con C-v. Para retroceder
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32 una pantalla teclee M-v (mantenga oprimida la tecla META y teclee v, o
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33 teclee <ESC>v si no tiene las teclas META, EDIT o ALT).
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34
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35 >> Intente teclear M-v y luego C-v, varias veces.
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36
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37
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38 * RESUMEN
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39 ---------
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40
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41 Los siguientes comandos son útiles para ver pantallas completas:
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42
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43 C-v Avanzar una pantalla completa
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44 M-v Retroceder una pantalla completa
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45 C-l Limpiar la pantalla y mostrar todo el texto de nuevo,
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46 moviendo el texto alrededor del cursor al centro de la
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47 pantalla (Esto es CONTROL-L, no CONTROL-1.)
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48
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49 >> Encuentre el cursor, y fíjese qué texto hay cerca de éste.
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50 Luego teclee C-l.
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51 Encuentre el cursor otra vez y note que el mismo texto está cerca
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52 del cursor ahora.
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53
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54 Si su terminal las soporta, también puede usar las teclas AvPág o
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55 RegPág para moverse por pantallas completas, pero puede editar más
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56 eficientemente si usa C-v y M-v.
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57
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58 * MOVIMIENTO BÁSICO DE CURSOR
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59 -----------------------------
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60
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61 Es útil moverse de una pantalla completa a otra pero, ¿cómo moverse a
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62 un lugar específico dentro del texto en la pantalla?
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63
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64 Puede hacerlo de diversas formas. Puede usar las teclas de flechas,
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65 pero es mas eficiente mantener las manos en la posición estándar y
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66 usar los comandos C-p, C-b, C-f, y C-n. Estos caracteres son
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67 equivalentes a las cuatro teclas de flechas, de esta manera:
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68
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69 Línea anterior, C-P
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70 :
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71 :
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72 Atrás, C-b.... Posición actual del cursor .... Adelante, C-f
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73 :
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74 :
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75 Línea siguiente, C-n
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76
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77 >> Mueva el cursor a la línea en la mitad del diagrama
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78 usando C-n o C-p. Luego teclee C-l para ver el
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79 diagrama completo centrado en la pantalla.
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80
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81 Le resultará fácil recordar estas letras por las palabras que
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82 representan: P de Previous (anterior), N de Next (siguiente), B de
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83 Backward (atrás) y F de Forward (adelante). Estará usando estos
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84 comandos de posicionamiento básico del cursor todo el tiempo.
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85
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86 >> Teclee algunos C-n para traer el cursor a esta línea.
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87
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88 >> Muévase a la línea con C-f y hacia arriba con algunos C-p. Observe
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89 lo que hace C-p cuando el cursor está en medio de la línea.
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90
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91 Cada línea de texto termina con un carácter de nueva línea (Newline),
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92 que sirve para separarla de la línea siguiente. La última línea de su
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93 archivo debe de tener un carácter de nueva línea al final (pero Emacs
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94 no requiere que ésta lo tenga).
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95
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96 >> Intente usar C-b al comienzo de una línea. Debería moverse al
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97 final de la línea previa. Esto sucede porque retrocede a través
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98 del carácter de nueva línea.
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99
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100 C-f puede moverse a través de una nueva línea igual que C-b.
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101
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102 >> Teclee algunos C-b más para que sienta por donde se encuentra el
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103 cursor.
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104 Luego teclee C-f para regresar al final de la línea.
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105 Luego teclee otro C-f más para moverse a la línea siguiente.
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106
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107 Cuando pase el tope o el final de la pantalla, se mostrará el texto
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108 más allá del borde de la pantalla. Esto recibe el nombre de
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109 "desplazamiento". Esto le permite a Emacs mover el cursor al lugar
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110 especificado en el texto sin moverlo fuera de la pantalla.
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111
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112 >> Intente mover el cursor fuera del borde de la pantalla con C-n, y
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113 observe lo que sucede.
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114
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115 Si moverse por caracteres es muy lento, puede moverse por palabras.
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116 M-f (META-f) mueve adelante una palabra y M-b mueva atrás una palabra.
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117
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118 >> Teclee algunos M-f y M-b
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119
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120 Cuando está en la mitad de una palabra, M-f mueve al final de la
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121 palabra. Cuando está en un espacio entre dos palabras, M-f mueve al
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122 final de la siguiente palabra. M-b trabaja de la misma forma en la
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123 dirección opuesta.
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124
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125 >> Teclee algunos M-f y M-b, intercaladas con C-f y C-b de tal forma
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126 que observe la acción de M-f y M-b desde varios sitios dentro y
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127 entre palabras.
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128
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129 Note el paralelo entre C-f y C-b de un lado y M-f y M-b del otro. Muy
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130 frecuentemente los caracteres Meta se usan para operaciones
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131 relacionadas, con las unidades definidas por el lenguaje (palabras,
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132 oraciones y párrafos), mientras los caracteres Control operan sobre
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133 unidades básicas que son independientes de lo que está editando
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134 (caracteres, líneas, etc).
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135
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136 Este paralelo se aplica entre líneas y oraciones: C-a y C-e para
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137 moverse al comienzo o al final de la línea; y M-a y M-e para mover al
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138 comienzo o al final de una oración.
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139
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140 >> Intente algunos C-a, y después unos cuantos C-e.
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141 >> Intente algunos M-a, y después unos cuantos M-e.
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142
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143 Vea cómo la repetición de C-a no hace nada, pero la repetición de M-a
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144 sigue moviendo una oración más. Aunque no son muy análogas, cada una
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145 parece natural.
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146
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147 La ubicación del cursor en el texto se llama también "punto". En
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148 otras palabras, el cursor muestra sobre la pantalla donde está
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149 situado el punto dentro del texto.
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150
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151 Aquí hay un resumen de operaciones simples de movimiento del cursor,
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152 incluyendo los comandos de movimiento por palabra y oración:
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153
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154 C-f Avanzar un carácter
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155 C-b Retroceder un carácter
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156
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157 M-f Avanzar una palabra
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158 M-b Retroceder una palabra
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159
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160 C-n Avanzar a la línea siguiente
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161 C-p Retroceder a la línea anterior
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162
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163 C-a Retroceder al comienzo de la línea
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164 C-e Avanzar al final de la línea
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165
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166 M-a Retroceder al comienzo de la oración
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167 M-e Avanzar al final de la oración
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168
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169 >> Ahora pruebe todos estos comandos algunas veces para practicar.
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170 Estos comandos son los más frecuentemente usados.
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171
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172 Otros dos comandos importantes de movimiento del cursor son M-< (META
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173 Menor que), el cual se mueve al comienzo del texto entero, y M-> (META
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174 Mayor que), el cual se mueve al final del texto entero.
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175
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176 En la mayoría de las terminales, el "<" está sobre la coma, por lo
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177 tanto tiene que usar la tecla shift para teclearlo. En estas
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178 terminales tendrá que usar la tecla shift también al teclear M-<; sin
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179 la tecla shift, usted estaría escribiendo M-coma.
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180
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181 >> Ahora pruebe M-<, para moverse al comienzo del tutorial.
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182 Después use C-v repetidamente para regresar aquí.
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183
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184 >> Ahora pruebe M->, para moverse al final del tutorial.
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185 Después use M-v repetidamente para regresar aquí.
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186
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187 También puede mover el cursor con las teclas de flecha si su terminal
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188 dispone de ellas. Recomendamos aprender C-b, C-f, C-n y C-p por tres
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189 razones. Primero, funcionan en todo tipo de terminales. Segundo, una
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190 vez que gane práctica usando Emacs, encontrará que teclear estos
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191 caracteres Control es más rápido que usar teclas de flecha (porque no
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192 tendrá que mover las manos de la posición para mecanografiar).
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193 Tercero, una vez tenga el hábito de usar estos comandos Control,
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194 también puede aprender a usar otros comandos avanzados de movimiento
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195 del cursor fácilmente.
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196
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197 La mayoría de comandos de Emacs aceptan un argumento numérico; para la
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198 mayoría de comandos esto sirve como un factor de repetición. La
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199 manera de pasarle un factor de repetición a un comando es tecleando
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200 C-u y luego los dígitos antes de introducir los comandos. Si tiene
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parents:
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201 una tecla META (o EDIT o ALT), hay una manera alternativa para
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parents:
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202 ingresar un argumento numérico: teclear los dígitos mientras presiona
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parents:
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203 la tecla META. Recomendamos aprender el método C-u porque este
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204 funciona en cualquier terminal. El argumento numérico es también
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parents:
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205 llamado un "argumento prefijo", porque usted teclea el argumento antes
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parents:
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206 del comando al que se aplica.
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207
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208 Por ejemplo, C-u 8 C-f mueve hacia adelante ocho caracteres.
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parents:
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209
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210 >> Pruebe usar C-n o C-p con un argumento numérico, para mover el
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parents:
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211 cursor a una línea cercana a ésta con un solo comando.
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212
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213 La mayoría de comandos usan el argumento numérico como un factor de
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parents:
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214 repetición, pero algunos comandos le dan otros usos. Varios comandos
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parents:
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215 (pero ninguno de los que ha aprendido hasta ahora) lo usan como una
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parents:
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216 bandera: la presencia de un argumento prefijo, sin tener en cuenta su
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parents:
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217 valor, hace que el comando actúe de forma diferente.
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218
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219 C-v y M-v son otro tipo de excepción. Cuando se les da un argumento,
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parents:
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220 desplazan la pantalla arriba o abajo esa cantidad de líneas, en vez de
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parents:
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221 una pantalla completa. Por ejemplo, C-u 8 C-v desplaza la pantalla 8
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parents:
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222 líneas.
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parents:
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223
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parents:
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224 >> Pruebe tecleando C-u 8 C-v ahora.
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225
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parents:
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226 Esto debió haber desplazado la pantalla hacia arriba 8 líneas. Si
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parents:
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227 quisiera desplazarla hacia abajo de nuevo, puede dar un argumento a
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parents:
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228 M-v.
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229
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parents:
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230 Si está usando un sistema de ventanas, como X11 o MS-Windows, debe
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parents:
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231 haber una larga área rectangular llamada una barra de desplazamiento
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parents:
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232 en el lado izquierdo de la ventana de Emacs. Puede desplazar el texto
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parents:
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233 al oprimir el botón del ratón en la barra de desplazamiento.
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parents:
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234
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parents:
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235 >> Pruebe presionando el botón del medio en la parte superior del área
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parents:
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236 resaltada en la barra de desplazamiento. Éste debe desplazar el
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parents:
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237 texto a una posición determinada según cuan alto o bajo oprima el
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parents:
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238 botón.
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parents:
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239
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parents:
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240 >> Intente mover el ratón arriba y abajo, mientras mantiene el botón
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parents:
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241 del medio presionado. Verá que el texto se desplaza arriba y abajo
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parents:
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242 a medida que mueve el ratón.
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parents:
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243
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parents:
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244
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parents:
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245
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
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246 * CUANDO EMACS ESTÁ BLOQUEADO
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parents:
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247 -----------------------------
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parents:
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248
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parents:
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249 Si Emacs dejara de responder a sus comandos, puede detenerlo con
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parents:
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250 seguridad al teclear C-g. Puede usar C-g para detener un comando que
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parents:
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251 esté tomando mucho tiempo para ejecutarse.
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parents:
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252
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parents:
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253 También puede usar C-g para descartar un argumento numérico o el
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254 comienzo de un comando que no quiere finalizar.
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255
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256 >> Escriba C-u 100 para hacer un argumento numérico de 100, entonces
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257 pruebe C-g.
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258 Ahora pruebe C-f. Esto deberá mover sólo un carácter, ya que
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259 canceló el argumento con C-g.
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260
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261 Si ha tecleado <ESC> por error, puede desecharlo con un C-g.
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262
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263
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264 * COMANDOS DESACTIVADOS
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265 -----------------------
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266
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267 Algunos comandos de Emacs están "desactivados" de manera que los
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268 usuarios principiantes no puedan usarlos accidentalmente.
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269
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270 Si teclea uno de los comandos desactivados, Emacs muestra un mensaje
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271 informando acerca de qué comando era, y preguntándole si quiere
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272 continuar y ejecutar el comando.
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273
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274 Si realmente quiere intentar el comando, teclee Espacio como repuesta
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275 a la pregunta. Normalmente, si no quiere ejecutar el comando
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276 desactivado, conteste la pregunta con "n".
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277
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278 >> Escriba C-x C-l (que es un comando desactivado), a continuación
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279 escriba n para responder la pregunta.
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280
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281
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282 * VENTANAS
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283 ----------
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284
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285 Emacs puede tener varias ventanas, cada una mostrando su propio texto.
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286 Explicaremos después como usar múltiples ventanas. Ahora mismo
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287 queremos explicar cómo deshacerse de ventanas adicionales y volver a
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288 la edición básica en una ventana. Es sencillo:
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289
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290 C-x 1 Una ventana (p.ej., elimina todas las otras ventanas).
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291
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292 Esto es CONTROL-x seguido por el dígito 1. C-x 1 expande la ventana que
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293 contiene el cursor, para ocupar toda la pantalla. Esto borra todas las
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294 demás ventanas.
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295
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296 >> Mueva el cursor a esta línea y escriba C-u 0 C-l.
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297 >> Escriba Control-h k Control-f.
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298 Vea como esta ventana se encoge, mientras una nueva aparece y
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299 muestra documentación sobre el comando Control-f.
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300
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301 >> Escriba C-x 1 y vea que la ventana de listado de documentación
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302 desaparece.
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303
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304 Este comando es diferente a los otros que ha aprendido en que éste
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305 consiste de dos caracteres. Comienza con el carácter CONTROL-x. Hay
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306 toda una serie de comandos que comienzan con CONTROL-x; muchos de
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307 ellos tienen que ver con ventanas, archivos, buffers y cosas
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308 relacionadas. Estos comandos son de una longitud de dos, tres o
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309 cuatro caracteres.
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310
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311
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312 * INSERTAR Y BORRAR
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313 -------------------
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314
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315 Si quiere insertar un texto, basta con que lo teclee. Emacs
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316 interpreta los caracteres que usted puede ver, tales como A, 7, *,
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317 etc. como texto y los inserta inmediatamente. Teclee <Return> (la
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318 tecla Enter) para insertar un carácter de nueva línea.
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319
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320 Puede borrar el último carácter que escribió oprimiendo <Delback>.
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321 <Delback> es una tecla en el teclado--la misma que normalmente usa
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322 fuera de emacs para borrar el último carácter que escribió.
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323 Normalmente es una tecla una o dos filas arriba de la tecla <Return>,
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324 y que esta usualmente rotulada como "Backspace", "Del" o simplemente
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325 con una flecha en dirección izquierda que no es parte de las teclas de
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326 flecha.
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327
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328 Si la tecla larga esta rotulada "Backspace", entonces esa es la que
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parents:
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329 debe de usar para <Delback>. Puede haber otra tecla llamada "Del" en
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parents:
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330 otra parte, pero esa no es <Delback>.
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331
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332 Generalmente, <Delback> borra el carácter inmediatamente anterior a la
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333 posición actual del cursor.
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334
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335 >> Haga esto ahora: teclee unos pocos caracteres, después bórrelos
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parents:
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336 tecleando <Delback> varias veces. No se preocupe si este archivo
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337 cambia, no alterará el tutorial principal. Ésta es su copia
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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338 personal de él.
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339
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340 Cuando una línea de texto se hace muy grande para una sola línea en la
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341 pantalla, la línea de texto "continúa" en una segunda línea en la
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342 pantalla. Un backslash ("\") (o, si está usando un sistema de
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parents:
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343 ventanas, una pequeña flecha curva) en el margen derecho indica que la
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344 línea "continúa".
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345
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346 >> Inserte texto hasta que llegue al margen derecho, y siga
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347 insertando. Verá aparecer una línea de continuación.
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348
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349 >> Use <Delback> para borrar el texto hasta que la línea de nuevo
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350 quepa en la pantalla. La línea de continuación se pierde.
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parents:
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351
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352 Puede borrar un carácter de nueva línea como cualquier otro carácter.
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353 Al borrar el carácter de nueva línea entre dos líneas las junta en una
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354 sola línea. Si el resultado de la combinación de líneas es demasiado
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parents:
diff changeset
355 largo para caber en el ancho de la pantalla, se mostrará con una línea
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diff changeset
356 de continuación.
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357
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parents:
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358 >> Mueva el cursor al comienzo de una línea y teclee <Delback>. Esto
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parents:
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359 juntará esa línea con la línea anterior.
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360
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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361 >> Teclee <Return> para reinsertar la nueva línea que borró.
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362
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parents:
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363 Recuerde que a la mayoría de los comandos de Emacs se les puede dar un
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parents:
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364 factor de repetición; esto incluye los caracteres de texto. Repetir
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parents:
diff changeset
365 un carácter de texto lo inserta varias veces.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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366
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
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367 >> Inténtelo ahora: teclee C-u 8 * para insertar ********.
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parents:
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368
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parents:
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369 Ya ha aprendido la manera más básica de teclear algo en Emacs y
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parents:
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370 corregir errores. Puede borrar por palabras o por líneas. He aquí un
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
diff changeset
371 resumen de las operaciones de borrado:
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parents:
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372
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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373 <Delback> borra el carácter justo antes que el cursor
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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374 C-d borra el siguiente carácter después del cursor
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375
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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376 M-<Delback> Elimina la palabra inmediatamente antes del
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
diff changeset
377 cursor
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
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378 M-d Elimina la siguiente palabra después del cursor
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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379
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
diff changeset
380 C-k Elimina desde el cursor hasta el fin de la línea
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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diff changeset
381 M-k Elimina hasta el final de la oración actual
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382
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
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383 Note que <Delback> y C-d, comparados con M-<Delback> y M-d, extienden
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
diff changeset
384 el paralelismo iniciado por C-f y M-f (bien, <Delback> no es realmente
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
diff changeset
385 una tecla de control, pero no nos preocuparemos de eso ahora). C-k y
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
diff changeset
386 M-k, en ciertas forma, son como C-e y M-e, en que las líneas son
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
387 oraciones opuestas.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
diff changeset
388
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
389 También puede eliminar cualquier parte del buffer con un método
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
390 uniforme. Muévase a un extremo de esa parte, y teclee C-@ o C-SPC
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
391 (cualquiera de los dos). (SPC es la barra espaciadora.) Muévase al
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
392 otro extremo de esa parte, y teclee C-w. Eso elimina todo el texto
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
393 entre las dos posiciones.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
394
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
395 >> Mueva el cursor a la letra T del inicio del párrafo anterior.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
396 >> Teclee C-SPC. Emacs debe mostrar el mensaje "Mark set" en la parte
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
397 de abajo de la pantalla.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
398 >> Mueva el cursor a la x en "extremo", en la segunda línea del
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
399 párrafo.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
400 >> Teclee C-w. Esto eliminará el texto que comienza desde la T, y
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
401 termina justo antes de la x.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
402
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
403 La diferencia entre "eliminar" y "borrar" es que el texto "eliminado"
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
404 puede ser reinsertado, mientras que las cosas "borradas" no pueden ser
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
405 reinsertadas. La reinserción de texto eliminado se llama "yanking" o
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
406 "pegar". Generalmente, los comandos que pueden quitar mucho texto lo
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
407 eliminan, mientras que los comandos que quitan solo un carácter, o
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
408 solo lineas en blanco y espacios, borran (para que no pueda pegar ese
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
409 texto).
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
410
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
411 >> Mueva el cursor al comienzo de una línea que no esté vacía.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
412 Luego teclee C-k para eliminar el texto de esa línea.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
413 >> Teclee C-k por segunda vez. Verá que elimina la nueva línea que
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
414 sigue a esa línea.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
415
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
416 Note que al teclear C-k una sola vez elimina el contenido de la línea,
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
417 y un segundo C-k elimina la línea misma, y hace que todas las otras
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
418 líneas se muevan hacia arriba. C-k trata un argumento numérico
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
419 especialmente: Elimina ese número de líneas y TAMBIÉN sus
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
420 contenidos. Esto no es una simple repetición. C-u 2 C-k elimina dos
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
421 líneas y sus nuevas líneas, tecleando C-k dos veces no hace esto.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
422
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
423 Traer texto eliminado de regreso es llamado "yanking" o "pegar".
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
424 (Piense en ello como pegar de nuevo, o traer de vuelta, algún texto
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
425 que le fue quitado.) Puede pegar el texto eliminado en, ya sea el
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
426 lugar en que fue eliminado, o en otra parte del buffer, o hasta en un
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
427 archivo diferente. Puede pegar el texto varias veces, lo que hace
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
428 varias copias de él.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
429
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
430 El comando para pegar es C-y. Reinserta el último texto eliminado, en
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
431 la posición actual del cursor.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
432
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
433 >> Inténtelo; teclee C-y para pegar de nuevo el texto.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
434
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
435 Si hace varios C-k seguidos, todo el texto eliminado se guarda junto,
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
436 de manera que un C-y pegará todas las líneas al mismo tiempo.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
437
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
438 >> Haga esto ahora, teclee C-k varias veces.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
439
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
440 Ahora para recuperar ese texto eliminado:
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
441
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
442 >> Teclee C-y. Luego baje el cursor unas pocas líneas y teclee C-y de
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
443 nuevo. De esta forma puede copiar un texto.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
444
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
445 ¿Qué hacer si tiene algún texto que quiere pegar, y entonces elimina
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
446 otra cosa? C-y pegaría la eliminación más reciente. Pero el texto
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
447 previo no está perdido. Puede regresar a éste usando el comando M-y.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
448 Después de haber tecleado C-y para conseguir la eliminación más
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
449 reciente, tecleando M-y reemplaza el texto pegado con la eliminación
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
450 previa. Tecleando M-y una y otra vez traerá las eliminaciones
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
451 anteriores. Cuando haya encontrado el texto que buscaba, no tiene que
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
452 hacer nada para conservarlo. Sólo siga con su edición, dejando el
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
453 texto pegado en donde está.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
454
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
455 Si teclea M-y suficientes veces, regresa al punto inicial (la
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
456 eliminación más reciente).
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
457
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
458 >> Elimine una línea, muévase un poco, elimine otra línea.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
459 Luego teclee C-y para recuperar la segunda línea eliminada.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
460 Luego teclee M-y y será reemplazado por la primera línea eliminada.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
461 Teclee más veces M-y y vea lo que obtiene. Siga haciéndolo hasta
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
462 que la segunda línea eliminada regrese, y entonces unas pocas
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
463 más. Si quiere, puede tratar de darle a M-y argumentos positivos y
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
464 negativos.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
465
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
466
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
467 * DESHACER
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
468 ----------
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
469
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
470 Si hace un cambio al texto, y luego decide que fue un error,
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
471 puede deshacer el cambio con el comando deshacer, C-x u.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
472
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
473 Normalmente, C-x u deshace los cambios hechos por un comando; si repite
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
474 varias veces seguidas C-x u, cada repetición deshará un comando
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
475 adicional.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
476
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
477 Pero hay dos excepciones: los comandos que no cambian el texto no
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
478 cuentan (esto incluye los comandos de movimiento del cursor y el
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
479 comando de desplazamiento), y los caracteres de autoinserción se
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
480 manejan usualmente en grupos de hasta 20. (Esto es para reducir el
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
481 numero de C-x u que tenga que teclear para deshacer una inserción en
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
482 el texto.)
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
483
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
484 >> Elimine esta línea con C-k, después teclee C-x u y debería
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
485 reaparecer.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
486
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
487 C-_ es un comando alternativo para deshacer; funciona igual que C-x u,
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
488 pero es más fácil de teclear varias veces seguidas. La desventaja de
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
489 C-_ es que en algunos teclados no es obvio cómo se teclea. Por esto
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
490 existe también C-x u. En algunas terminales, puede teclear C-_ al
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
491 teclear / mientras oprime CONTROL.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
492
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
493 Un argumento numérico para C-_ o C-x u actúa como un factor de
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
494 repetición.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
495
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
496 Uuede deshacer un texto borrado justo como puede deshacer el texto
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
497 eliminado. La distinción entre eliminar algo y borrar algo afecta en
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
498 si puede pegarlo con C-y; no hay diferencia alguna para deshacer.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
499
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
500
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
501 * ARCHIVOS
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
502 ----------
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
503
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
504 Para que pueda hacer permanente el texto que edite, lo debe colocar en
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
505 un archivo. De otra manera, éste se perderá cuando cierre Emacs.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
506 Para poder poner su texto en un archivo, debe "encontrar" el archivo
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
507 antes de ingresar el texto. (Esto se llama también "visitar" el
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
508 archivo.)
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
509
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
510 Encontrar un archivo significa que puede ver su contenido dentro de
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
511 Emacs. En cierta forma, es como si estuviera editando el archivo
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
512 mismo. Sin embargo los cambios que haga mediante Emacs no serán
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
513 permanentes hasta que "guarde" el archivo. Esto es para evitar dejar
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
514 un archivo a medio cambiar en el sistema cuando no quiera. Incluso
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
515 cuando guarde, Emacs dejará el archivo original bajo un nombre
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
516 cambiado en caso de que luego decida que sus cambios fueron un error.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
517
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
518 Si mira cerca del final de la pantalla podrá ver una línea que
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
519 comienza y termina con guiones, y comienza con "--:-- TUTORIAL.es" o
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
520 algo así. Esta parte de la pantalla normalmente muestra el nombre del
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
521 archivo que está visitando. En este momento está visitando un archivo
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
522 llamado "TUTORIAL.es" que es su borrador personal del tutorial de
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
523 Emacs. Cuando encuentre un archivo con Emacs, el nombre de ese
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
524 archivo aparecerá en ese mismo punto.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
525
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
526 Una cosa especial acerca del comando para encontrar un archivo, es que
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
527 tendrá que decir que nombre de archivo desea. Decimos que el comando
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
528 "lee un argumento desde la terminal" (en este caso, el argumento es el
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
529 nombre del archivo). Después de teclear el comando:
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
530
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
531 C-x C-f Encontrar un archivo
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
532
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
533 Emacs le pide que teclee el nombre del archivo. El nombre de archivo
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
534 que teclee aparece en la línea final de la pantalla. A la línea final
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
535 de la pantalla se la denomina minibuffer cuando se utiliza para este
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
536 tipo de entradas. Puede usar comandos de edición ordinarios de Emacs
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
537 para editar el nombre del archivo.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
538
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
539 Mientras está ingresando el nombre del archivo (o cualquier otra
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
540 entrada al minibuffer) puede cancelar el comando con C-g.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
541
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
542 >> Teclee C-x C-f, luego teclee C-g. Esto cancela el minibuffer, y
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
543 también cancela el comando C-x C-f que estaba usando el minibuffer.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
544 Así que no encontrará archivo alguno.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
545
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
546 Cuando haya finalizado de ingresar el nombre del archivo, teclee
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
547 <Return> para terminarlo. Entonces el comando C-x C-f trabaja, y
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
548 encuentra el archivo que escogió. El minibuffer desaparece cuando el
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
549 comando C-x C-f termina.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
550
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
551 Poco tiempo después aparecerá el contenido del archivo en la pantalla,
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
552 y puede editarlo. Cuando quiera que sus cambios sean permanentes,
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
553 teclee el comando
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
554
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
555 C-x C-s Guardar el archivo
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
556
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
557 Esto copia el texto dentro de Emacs al archivo. La primera vez que
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
558 haga esto, Emacs renombrará el archivo original con un nuevo nombre
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
559 para que este no se pierda. El nuevo nombre se hace agregando "~" al
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
560 final del nombre del archivo original.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
561
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
562 Cuando guardar haya terminado, Emacs mostrará el nombre del archivo
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
563 escrito. Deberá guardar frecuentemente, para que no pierda mucho
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
564 trabajo si el sistema falla.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
565
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
566 >> Teclee C-x C-s, guardando la copia del tutorial.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
567 Esto debería mostrar "Wrote ...TUTORIAL.es" al final de la
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
568 pantalla.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
569
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
570 Puede encontrar un archivo existente, para verlo o editarlo. También
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
571 puede hacerlo con un archivo que no exista. Ésta es la forma de crear
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
572 un archivo en Emacs: encuentre el archivo, que comenzará vacío, luego
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
573 comience a insertar el texto para ese archivo. Cuando invoque
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
574 "guardar" el archivo, Emacs creará realmente el archivo con el texto
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
575 que ha insertado. De ahí en adelante, puede considerarse estar
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
576 editando un archivo existente.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
577
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
578
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
579 * BUFFERS
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
580 ---------
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
581
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
582 Si visita un segundo archivo con C-x C-f, el primer archivo permanece
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
583 dentro de Emacs. Puede volver a el encontrándolo de nuevo con C-x
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
584 C-f. De esta forma puede mantener un gran número de archivos dentro
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
585 de Emacs.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
586
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
587 >> Cree un archivo llamado "foo" tecleando C-x C-f foo <Return>.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
588 Luego inserte algún texto, edítelo, y guarde "foo" tecleando C-x
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
589 C-s.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
590 Finalmente teclee C-x C-f TUTORIAL.es <Return>
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
591 para regresar al tutorial.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
592
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
593 Emacs almacena cada texto del archivo dentro de un objeto llamado
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
594 "buffer". Al encontrar un archivo se crea un nuevo buffer dentro de
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
595 Emacs. Para mirar la lista de los buffers que existen actualmente en
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
596 su sesión de Emacs, teclee:
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
597
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
598 C-x C-b Lista de Buffers
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
599
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
600 >> Pruebe C-x C-b ahora.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
601
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
602 Vea como cada buffer tiene un nombre, y además puede tener un nombre
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
603 de archivo para el archivo que contiene. CUALQUIER texto que vea en
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
604 una ventana de Emacs es siempre parte de algún Buffer.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
605
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
606 >> Teclee C-x 1 para deshacerse de la lista de buffers.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
607
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
608 Cuando tenga varios buffers, solo uno de ellos es "actual" en algún
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
609 momento. Ese buffer es el que actualmente edita. Si quiere editar
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
610 otro buffer, necesita "cambiar" a él. Si quiere cambiar a un buffer
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
611 que corresponde a un archivo, puede hacerlo visitando el archivo de
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
612 nuevo con C-x C-f. Pero existe una manera más rápida: use el comando
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
613 C-x b. En ese comando, necesita teclear el nombre de buffer.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
614
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
615 >> Teclee C-x b foo <Return> para volver al buffer "foo" que contiene
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
616 el texto del archivo "foo". Después teclee C-x b TUTORIAL.es
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
617 <Return> para regresar a este tutorial.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
618
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
619 La mayoría del tiempo el nombre del buffer es el mismo que el nombre
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
620 del archivo (sin la parte del directorio del archivo). Sin embargo,
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
621 esto no es así siempre. La lista de buffers que hace con C-x C-b
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
622 siempre muestra el nombre de todos los buffers.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
623
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
624 CUALQUIER texto que vea en una ventana de Emacs siempre es parte de un
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
625 buffer. Algunos buffers no corresponden a un archivo. Por ejemplo,
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
626 el buffer llamado "*Buffer List*" no tiene ningún archivo. Es el
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
627 buffer que contiene la lista de buffers que ha creado con C-x C-b. El
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
628 buffer llamado "*Messages*" tampoco tiene un archivo correspondiente;
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
629 contiene los mensajes que han aparecido en la línea de abajo durante
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
630 su sesión de Emacs.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
631
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
632 >> Teclee C-x b *Messages* <Return> para ver el buffer de mensajes.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
633 Luego teclee C-b TUTORIAL <Return> para regresar a este tutorial.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
634
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
635 Si hace cambios al texto de un archivo, y luego encuentra otro
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
636 archivo, esto no guarda el primer archivo. Sus cambios permanecerán
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
637 dentro de Emacs en ese buffer del archivo. La creación o edición del
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
638 segundo buffer de archivo no afecta al primero. Esto es muy útil,
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
639 pero también significa que necesita una forma conveniente para guardar
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
640 el archivo del primer buffer. Sería una molestia tener que volver a
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
641 este con C-x C-f para guardarlo con C-x C-s. Así tenemos
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
642
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
643 C-x s Guardar algunos buffers
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
644
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
645 C-x s le pregunta sobre cada buffer que contenga cambios que no haya
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
646 guardada. Le pregunta, por cada buffer, si quiere guardarlo o no.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
647
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
648 >> Inserte una línea de texto, luego teclee C-x s.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
649 Debería preguntarle si desea guardar el buffer llamado TUTORIAL.es.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
650 Conteste si a la pregunta tecleando "y".
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
651
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
652
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
653 * EXTENDER EL CONJUNTO DE COMANDOS
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
654 ----------------------------------
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
655
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
656 Hay muchísimos más comandos de Emacs que los que podrían asignarse a
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
657 todos los caracteres control y meta. Emacs puede darle la vuelta a
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
658 esto usando el comando X (eXtendido). Este viene de dos formas:
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
659
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
660 C-x Carácter eXtendido. Seguido por un carácter.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
661 M-x Comando eXtendido por nombre. Seguido por un nombre
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
662 largo.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
663
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
664 Estos comandos son generalmente útiles pero menos usados que los
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
665 comandos que ha aprendido hasta ahora. Ya ha visto dos: los comandos
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
666 de archivo C-x C-f para Encontrar y C-x C-s para Guardar. Otro
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
667 ejemplo es el comando para terminar la sesión de Emacs: se trata del
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
668 comando C-x C-c. (No se preocupe por perder los cambios que haya
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
669 hecho; C-x C-c ofrece guardar cada archivo alterado antes de finalizar
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
670 Emacs.)
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
671
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
672 C-z es el comando para salir de Emacs *temporalmente*: para que pueda
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
673 regresar a la misma sesión de Emacs después.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
674
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
675 En sistemas que lo permiten C-z "suspende" Emacs; esto es, se regresa
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
676 al intérprete de comandos pero no se destruye Emacs. En los
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
677 intérpretes de comandos más comunes, puede reanudar Emacs con el
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
678 comando `fg' o con `%emacs'.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
679
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
680 En sistemas que no implementen el suspendido, C-z crea un
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
681 subintérprete que corre bajo Emacs para darle la opción de correr
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
682 otros programas y regresar a Emacs después; esto en realidad no "sale"
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
683 de Emacs. En este caso, el comando `exit' del intérprete es la vía
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
684 usual para regresar a Emacs desde éste.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
685
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
686 El momento para usar C-x C-c es cuando está listo para salir del
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
687 sistema. Es además el paso correcto para salir de un Emacs llamado
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
688 bajo programas de manejo de correo y diversas otras utilidades, puesto
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
689 que ellos no saben cómo lidiar con la suspensión de Emacs. En
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
690 circunstancias normales, si no va a salir, es mejor suspender
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
691 Emacs con C-z en lugar de salir de él.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
692
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
693 Existen varios comandos C-x. Aquí hay una lista de los que ha
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
694 aprendido:
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
695
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
696 C-x C-f Encontrar archivo.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
697 C-x C-s Guardar archivo.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
698 C-x C-b Lista de buffers.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
699 C-x C-c Salir de Emacs.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
700 C-x 1 Borrar todo menos una ventana.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
701 C-x u Deshacer.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
702
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
703 Los comandos eXtendidos por nombre son comandos que se utilizan aún
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
704 con menos frecuencia, o únicamente en ciertos modos. Un ejemplo es el
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
705 comando replace-string, el cual globalmente substituye una cadena de
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
706 caracteres por otra. Cuando teclea M-x, Emacs le pregunta al
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
707 final de la pantalla con M-x y debe escribir el nombre del
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
708 comando; en este caso "replace-string". Solo teclee "repl s<TAB>" y
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
709 Emacs completará el nombre. Finalice el nombre del comando con
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
710 <Return>.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
711
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
712 El comando replace-string requiere dos argumentos: la cadena de
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
713 caracteres a reemplazar, y la cadena de caracteres para reemplazarla.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
714 Debe terminar cada argumento con <Return>.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
715
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
716 >> Mueva el cursor hacia la línea en blanco dos líneas abajo de esta.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
717 A continuación escriba
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
718 M-x repl s<Return>cambiado<Return>alterado<Return>.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
719
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
720 Note cómo esta línea ha cambiado: ha substituido la palabra
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
721 c-a-m-b-i-a-d-o por "alterado" en cada ocurrencia, después de la
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
722 posición inicial del cursor.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
723
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
724
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
725 * AUTO GUARDADO
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
726 ---------------
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
727
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
728 Si ha hecho cambios en un archivo, pero no los ha guardado, éstos
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
729 podrían perderse si su computadora falla. Para protegerlo de esto,
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
730 Emacs periódicamente escribe un archivo "auto guardado" para cada
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
731 archivo que está editando. El nombre del archivo auto guardado tiene
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
732 un # al principio y al final; por ejemplo, si su archivo se llama
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
733 "hola.c", su archivo auto guardado es "#hola.c#". Cuando guarda por
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
734 la vía normal, Emacs borra su archivo de auto guardado.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
735
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
736 Si la computadora falla, puede recuperar su edición de auto
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
737 guardado encontrando el archivo normal (el archivo que estuvo
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
738 editando, no el archivo de auto guardar) y entonces tecleando M-x
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
739 recover file<Return>. Cuando le pregunte por la confirmación, teclee
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
740 yes<Return> para ir y recuperar la información del auto guardado.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
741
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
742
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
743 * ÁREA DE ECO
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
744 -------------
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
745
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
746 Si Emacs ve que usted está tecleando comandos de multicaracteres
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
747 lentamente, se los muestra al final de la pantalla en un área llamada
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
748 "área de eco". El área de eco contiene la línea final de la pantalla.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
749
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
750
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
751 * LÍNEA DE MODO
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
752 ---------------
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
753
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
754 La línea inmediatamente encima del área de eco recibe el nombre de
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
755 "línea de modo" o "mode line". La línea de modo dice algo así:
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
756
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
757 --:** TUTORIAL.es (Fundamental)--l765--65%---------
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
758
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
759 Esta línea da información útil acerca del estado de Emacs y del texto
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
760 que está editando.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
761
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
762 Ya sabe qué significa el nombre del archivo: es el archivo que usted
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
763 ha encontrado. -NN%-- indica su posición actual en el texto; esto
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
764 significa que NN por ciento del texto está encima de la parte superior
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
765 de la pantalla. Si el principio del archivo está en la pantalla, este
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
766 dirá --Top-- en vez de --00%--. Si el final del texto está en la
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
767 pantalla, dirá --Bot--. Si está mirando un texto tan pequeño que cabe
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
768 en la pantalla, el modo de línea dirá --All--.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
769
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
770 La L y los dígitos indican la posición de otra forma: ellos dan el
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
771 número de línea actual del punto.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
772
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
773 Los asteriscos cerca del frente significan que usted ha hecho cambios
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
774 al texto. Inmediatamente después que visite o guarde un archivo, esa
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
775 parte de la línea de modo no muestra asteriscos, solo guiones.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
776
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
777 La parte de la línea de modo dentro de los paréntesis es para
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
778 indicarle en qué modo de edición está. El modo por omisión es
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
779 Fundamental, el cual está usando ahora. Este es un ejemplo de un
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
780 "modo mayor".
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
781
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
782 Emacs tiene diferentes modos mayores. Algunos están hechos para
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
783 editar diferentes lenguajes y/o clases de texto, tales como modo de
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
784 Lisp, modo de Texto, etc. En cualquier momento uno y solo un modo
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
785 mayor está activo, y su nombre siempre se puede encontrar en la línea
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
786 de modo, justo en donde "Fundamental" está ahora.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
787
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
788 Cada modo mayor hace que algunos comandos actúen diferente. Por
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
789 ejemplo, hay comandos para crear comentarios en un programa, y como
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
790 cada lenguaje de programación tiene una idea diferente de cómo debe
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
791 verse un comentario, cada modo mayor tiene que insertar comentarios de
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
792 forma distinta. Cada modo mayor es el nombre de un comando extendido,
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
793 que es como puede cambiar a ese modo. Por ejemplo, M-x
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
794 fundamental-mode es un comando para cambiar al modo fundamental.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
795
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
796 Si va a editar un texto de algún lenguaje humano, como este archivo,
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
797 debería usar el modo de texto.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
798 >> Teclee M-x text mode<Return>.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
799
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
800 No se preocupe, ninguno de los comandos de Emacs que ha aprendido
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
801 cambia de manera significativa. Pero puede observar que M-f y M-b
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
802 tratan los apóstrofes como parte de las palabras. Previamente, en
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
803 modo Fundamental, M-f y M-b trataban los apóstrofes como separadores
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
804 de palabras.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
805
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
806 Los modos mayores normalmente hacen cambios sutiles como el anterior:
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
807 la mayoría de comandos hacen "el mismo trabajo" en cada modo mayor,
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
808 pero funcionan un poco diferente.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
809
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
810 Para ver documentación en el modo mayor actual, teclee C-h m.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
811
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
812 >> Use C-u C-v una o más veces para traer esta línea cerca de la
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
813 parte superior de la pantalla.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
814
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
815 >> Teclee C-h m, para ver como el modo de Texto difiere del modo
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
816 Fundamental.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
817
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
818 >> Teclee C-x 1 para eliminar la documentación de la pantalla.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
819
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
820 Los modos mayores son llamados así porque también hay modos menores.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
821 Los modos menores no son alternativas para los modos mayores, solo
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
822 modificaciones menores de éstos. Cada modo menor puede ser activado o
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
823 desactivado por sí mismo, independiente de todos los otros modos
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
824 menores, e independiente de su modo mayor. Por tanto, puede no usar
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
825 modos menores, o solamente uno, o cualquier combinación de varios
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
826 modos menores.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
827
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
828 Un modo menor que es muy útil, especialmente para editar textos en
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
829 español, es el modo Auto Fill. Cuando este modo está activado, Emacs
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
830 rompe la línea entre palabras automáticamente siempre que inserte
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
831 texto y la línea sea demasiado ancha.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
832
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
833 Puede activar el modo Auto Fill al hacer M-x auto fill mode<Return>.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
834 Cuando el modo esté activado, puede desactivarlo nuevamente usando M-x
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
835 auto fill mode<Return>. Si el modo está desactivado, este comando lo
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
836 activa, y si el modo está activado, este comando lo desactiva.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
837 Decimos que el comando "cambia el modo".
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
838
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
839 >> teclee M-x auto fill mode<Return> ahora. Luego inserte una línea
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
840 de "asdf " repetidas veces hasta que la vea dividida en dos líneas.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
841 Debe intercalar espacios porque Auto Fill sólo rompe líneas en los
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
842 espacios.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
843
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
844 El margen esta normalmente puesto en 70 caracteres, pero puede
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
845 cambiarlo con el comando C-x f. Debe indicar el margen deseado como
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
846 un argumento numérico.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
847
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
848 >> Teclee C-x f con un argumento de 20. (C-u 2 0 C-x f). Luego
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
849 teclee algún texto y vea como Emacs lo parte en líneas de 20
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
850 caracteres. A continuación ponga de nuevo el margen a 70 usando
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
851 otra vez C-x f.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
852
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
853 Si hace cambios en el medio de un párrafo, el modo Auto Fill no lo
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
854 rellenará por usted.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
855 Para rellenar el párrafo, teclee M-q (META-q) con el cursor dentro de
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
856 ese párrafo.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
857
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
858 >> Mueva el cursor al párrafo anterior y teclee M-q.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
859
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
860
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
861 * BUSCAR
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
862 --------
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
863
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
864 Emacs puede hacer búsquedas de cadenas (grupos de caracteres o
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
865 palabras contiguos) hacia adelante a través del texto o hacia atrás en
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
866 el mismo. La búsqueda de una cadena es un comando de movimiento de
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
867 cursor; mueve el cursor al próximo lugar donde esa cadena aparece.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
868
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
869 El comando de búsqueda de Emacs es diferente a los comandos de
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
870 búsqueda de los demás editores, en que es "incremental". Esto
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
871 significa que la búsqueda ocurre mientras teclea la cadena para
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
872 buscarla.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
873
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
874 El comando para iniciar una búsqueda es C-s para búsqueda hacia
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
875 adelante, y C-r para la búsqueda hacia atrás. ¡PERO ESPERE! No los
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
876 intente aún.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
877
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
878 Cuando teclee C-s verá que la cadena "I-search" aparece como una
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
879 petición en el área de eco. Esto le indica que Emacs está en lo que
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
880 se conoce como búsqueda incremental, esperando que teclee lo que
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
881 quiere buscar. <Return> termina una búsqueda.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
882
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
883 >> Ahora teclee C-s para comenzar la búsqueda. LENTAMENTE, una letra
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
884 a la vez, teclee la palabra 'cursor', haciendo pausa después de
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
885 cada carácter para notar lo que pasa con el cursor.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
886 Ahora ha buscado "cursor", una vez.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
887 >> Teclee C-s de nuevo, para buscar la siguiente ocurrencia de
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
888 "cursor".
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
889 >> Ahora teclee <Delback> cuatro veces y vea como se mueve el cursor.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
890 >> Teclee <Return> para terminar la búsqueda.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
891
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
892 ¿Vió lo que ocurrió? Emacs, en una búsqueda incremental, trata de ir
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
893 a la ocurrencia de la cadena que ha tecleado hasta el momento. Para
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
894 ir a la próxima ocurrencia de 'cursor' solo teclee C-s de nuevo. Si
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
895 tal ocurrencia no existe, Emacs pita y le dice que la búsqueda actual
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
896 está fallando ("failing"). C-g también termina la búsqueda.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
897
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
898 NOTA: En algunos sistemas, teclear C-s dejará inmóvil la pantalla y no
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
899 podrá ver más respuesta de Emacs. Esto indica que una
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
900 "característica" del sistema operativo llamada "control de flujo" está
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
901 interceptando el C-s y no permitiéndole llegar hasta Emacs. Para
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
902 descongelar la pantalla, teclee C-q. Luego consulte la sección
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
903 "Entrada Espontánea para Búsqueda Incremental" en el manual de Emacs
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
904 para consejos de cómo tratar con esta "característica".
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
905
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
906 Si se encuentra en medio de una búsqueda incremental y teclea
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
907 <Delback>, notará que el último carácter de la cadena buscada se borra
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
908 y la búsqueda vuelve al sitio anterior de la búsqueda. Por ejemplo,
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
909 suponga que ha tecleado "c", para buscar la primera ocurrencia de "c".
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
910 Ahora, si teclea "u", el cursor se moverá a la primera ocurrencia de
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
911 "cu". Ahora teclee <Delback>. Esto borra la "u" de la cadena
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
912 buscada, y el cursor vuelve a la primera ocurrencia de "c".
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
913
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
914 Si está en medio de una búsqueda y teclea un carácter control o meta
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
915 (con algunas pocas excepciones: los caracteres que son especiales en
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
916 una búsqueda, tales como C-s y C-r), la búsqueda termina.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
917
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
918 El C-s inicia una exploración que busca alguna ocurrencia de la cadena
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
919 buscada DESPUÉS de la posición actual del cursor. Si quiere buscar
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
920 algo anterior en el texto, teclee en cambio C-r. Todo lo que hemos
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
921 dicho sobre C-s también se aplica a C-r, excepto que la dirección de
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
922 la búsqueda se invierte.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
923
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
924
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
925 * MÚLTIPLES VENTANAS
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
926 --------------------
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
927
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
928 Una de las características agradables de Emacs es que se puede mostrar
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
929 más de una ventana en la pantalla al mismo tiempo.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
930
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
931 >> Mueva el cursor a esta línea y teclee C-u 0 C-l (eso es CONTROL-L,
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
932 no CONTROL-1).
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
933
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
934 >> Ahora teclee C-x 2 que divide la pantalla en dos ventanas. Ambas
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
935 ventanas muestran este tutorial. El cursor permanece en la ventana
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
936 superior.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
937
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
938 >> Teclee C-M-v para desplazar la ventana inferior.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
939 (Si no tiene una tecla META real, teclee ESC C-v.)
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
940
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
941 >> Teclee C-x o ("o" para "otro") para mover el cursor a la ventana
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
942 inferior.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
943 >> Use C-v y M-v en la ventana inferior para desplazarla.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
944 Siga leyendo estas direcciones en la ventana superior.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
945
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
946 >> Teclee C-x o de nuevo para mover el cursor de vuelta a la ventana
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
947 superior.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
948 El cursor en la ventana superior está justo donde estaba antes.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
949
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
950 Puede continuar usando C-x o para cambiar entre las ventanas. Cada
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
951 ventana tiene su propia posición del cursor, pero únicamente una
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
952 ventana actual muestra el cursor. Todos los comandos de edición
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
953 comunes se aplican a la ventana en que está el cursor. Llamaremos
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
954 esto la "ventana seleccionada".
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
955
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
956 El comando C-M-v es muy útil cuando está editando un texto en una
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
957 ventana y usando la otra ventana como referencia. Puede mantener el
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
958 cursor siempre en la ventana donde está editando, y avanzar a la otra
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
959 ventana secuencialmente con C-M-v.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
960
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
961 C-M-v es un ejemplo de un carácter CONTROL-META. Si tiene una tecla
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
962 META real, puede teclear C-M-v pulsando a la vez CONTROL y META
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
963 mientras teclea v. No importa qué tecla "vaya primero", CONTROL o
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
964 META, porque las dos teclas actúan modificando los caracteres que
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
965 teclea.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
966
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
967 Si no tiene una tecla META real, y en vez de eso usa ESC, el orden sí
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
968 importa: debe teclear ESC seguido de Control-v, porque Control-ESC v
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
969 no funcionará. Esto es porque ESC es un carácter que tiene valor por
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
970 sí mismo, no es una tecla modificadora.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
971
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
972 >> Teclee C-x 1 (en la ventana de arriba) para deshacerse de la
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
973 ventana de abajo.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
974
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
975 (Si hubiera tecleado C-x 1 en la ventana inferior, esto eliminaría la
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
976 superior. Piense en este comando como "mantener sólo una
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
977 ventana--aquella en la cual estoy.")
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
978
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
979 No tiene por qué mostrarse el mismo buffer en ambas ventanas. Si usa
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
980 C-x C-f para encontrar un archivo en una ventana, la otra ventana no
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
981 cambia. Puede encontrar un archivo en cada ventana
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
982 independientemente.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
983
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
984 Aquí hay otra forma para usar dos ventanas para mostrar dos cosas
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
985 diferentes:
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
986
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
987 >> Teclee C-x 4 C-f seguido del nombre de uno de sus archivos.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
988 Finalice con <Return>. Vea que el archivo especificado aparece en
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
989 la ventana inferior. El cursor vá allá también.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
990
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
991 >> Teclee C-x o para regresar a la ventana superior, y C-x 1 para
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
992 borrar la ventana inferior.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
993
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
994
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
995 * NIVELES RECURSIVOS DE EDICIÓN
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
996 --------------------------------
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
997
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
998 Algunas veces entrará a lo que es llamado un "nivel recursivo de
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
999 edición". Esto se indica en la línea de modo mediante corchetes en la
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1000 línea de modo, rodeando los paréntesis del nombre del modo mayor. Por
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1001 ejemplo, probablemente vea [(Fundamental)] en vez de (Fundamental).
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1002
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1003 Para salir de los niveles recursivos de edición, teclee ESC ESC ESC.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1004 Éste es un comando de "salida" para todo propósito. También lo puede
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1005 usar para eliminar ventanas extras, y salir del minibuffer.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1006
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1007 >> Teclee M-x para entrar a un minibuffer; luego teclee ESC ESC ESC
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1008 para salir.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1009
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1010 No se puede usar C-g para salir de los "niveles recursivos de
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1011 edición". Esto es porque C-g es usado para cancelar comandos y
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1012 argumentos DENTRO del nivel recursivo de edición.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1013
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1014
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1015 * CONSEGUIR MAS AYUDA
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1016 ---------------------
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1017
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1018 En este tutorial hemos tratado de ofrecer suficiente información para
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1019 que empiece a usar Emacs. Hay tanto disponible en Emacs que sería
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1020 imposible explicar todo aquí. Sin embargo, quizá desee aprender más
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1021 sobre Emacs, ya que tiene muchas otras características útiles. Emacs
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1022 provee comandos para leer documentación acerca de los comandos de
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1023 Emacs. Todos estos comandos de "ayuda" comienzan con el carácter
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1024 Control-h, que es llamado "el carácter de Ayuda (Help)".
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1025
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1026 Para usar las funciones de ayuda, teclee el carácter C-h, y luego un
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1027 carácter decidiendo qué tipo de ayuda quiere. Si está REALMENTE
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1028 perdido teclee C-h ? y Emacs le dirá qué tipo de ayuda puede
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1029 ofrecerle. Si ha tecleado C-h y decide que no quiere ninguna ayuda,
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1030 teclee C-g para cancelarlo.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1031
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1032 (En algunas instalaciones cambian el significado del carácter C-h.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1033 Realmente no deberían hacer esto como una política para todos los
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1034 usuarios, así que tiene argumentos para quejarse al administrador del
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1035 sistema. Mientras tanto, si C-h no muestra un mensaje de ayuda en el
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1036 final de la pantalla, intente teclear la tecla F1 o, en su lugar, M-x
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1037 help <Return>).
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1038
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1039 La función de AYUDA más básica es C-h c. Teclee C-h, el carácter c y
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1040 un carácter de comando o secuencia de comando; Emacs le mostrará
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1041 una descripción muy breve del comando.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1042
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1043 >> Teclee C-h c C-p.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1044 El mensaje debe ser algo como
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1045
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1046 C-p runs the command previous-line
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1047
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1048 Esto le dice el "nombre de la función". Los nombres de función se
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1049 usan principalmente para adecuar y extender Emacs. Pero ya que los
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1050 nombres de las funciones se eligen para indicar lo que el comando
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1051 hace, también pueden servir como una breve documentación: suficiente
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1052 para recordarle los comandos que ha aprendido.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1053
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1054 Los comandos de múltiples caracteres tales como C-x C-s y (sí no tiene
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1055 las teclas META o EDIT o ALT) <ESC>v también están permitidos después
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1056 de C-h c.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1057
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1058 Para conseguir más información sobre un comando use C-h k en vez de
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1059 C-h c.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1060
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1061 >> Teclee C-h k C-p.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1062
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1063 Esto muestra la documentación de la función, al igual que el nombre,
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1064 en una ventana de Emacs. Cuando haya terminado de leer el resultado,
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1065 teclee C-x 1 para deshacerse del texto de ayuda. No tiene que hacer
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1066 esto ahora. Puede hacer algunas ediciones mientras se refiere
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1067 al texto de ayuda, y entonces teclear C-x 1.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1068
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1069 Aquí hay algunas otras opciones útiles de C-h:
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1070
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1071 C-h f Describe una función. Usted teclea el nombre de la
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1072 función.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1073
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1074 >> Intente teclear C-h f previous-line<Return>.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1075 Esto muestra toda la información que Emacs tiene sobre la función
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1076 que implementa el comando C-p
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1077
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1078 Un comando similar, C-h v, muestra la documentación de variables cuyos
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1079 valores pueda poner para adecuar el comportamiento de Emacs. Necesita
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1080 teclear el nombre de la variable cuando Emacs pregunte por ella.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1081
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1082 C-h a Comando Apropos. Teclee una palabra y Emacs hará una
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1083 lista de todos los comandos que contengan esa palabra.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1084 Todos estos comandos pueden ser invocados con META-x.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1085 Para algunos comandos, el Comando Apropos también
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1086 listará una secuencia de uno o dos caracteres la cual
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1087 ejecutará el mismo comando.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1088
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1089 >> Teclee C-h a file<Return>.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1090
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1091 Esto muestra en otra ventana una lista de todos los comandos M-x con
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1092 la palabra "file" en sus nombres. Verá comandos de caracteres como
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1093 C-x C-f listados además de los nombres de los comandos
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1094 correspondientes tales como find-file.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1095
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1096 >> Teclee C-M-v para desplazar la ventana de ayuda. Haga esto unas
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1097 cuantas veces.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1098
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1099 >> Teclee C-x 1 para borrar la ventana de ayuda.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1100
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1101 C-h i Leer los Manuales En-Línea (alias Info). Este comando
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1102 lo pone en un buffer especial llamado `*info*' donde
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1103 puede leer manuales en línea de los paquetes
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1104 instalados en su sistema. Teclee m Emacs <Return>
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1105 para leer el manual de Emacs. Sí nunca ha usado Info
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1106 antes, teclee ? y Emacs lo llevará en una visita
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1107 guiada de los servicios del modo de Info. Una vez que
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1108 haya terminado este tutorial, debería considerar el
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1109 manual Info de Emacs como su documentación primaria.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1110
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1111
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1112 * MÁS CARACTERÍSTICAS
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1113 ---------------------
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1114
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1115 Puede aprender más de Emacs leyendo su manual, ya sea como libro o en
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1116 línea en el Info (use el menú Ayuda--"Help"--o teclee F10 h r). Dos
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1117 características que pueden gustarle son la completación, que ahorra
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1118 teclear, y dired, que simplifica el manejo de archivos.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1119
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1120 La completación es una manera de ahorrar teclear innecesariamente.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1121 Por ejemplo, si quiere cambiarse al buffer "*Messages*", puede teclear
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1122 C-x b *M<Tab> y emacs encontrará el resto del nombre del buffer tan
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1123 lejos como pueda determinar de lo que ya haya tecleado. La
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1124 completación es descrita en el Info del manual de Emacs en el nodo
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1125 llamado "Completation".
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1126
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1127 Dired le permite listar los archivos en un directorio (y opcionalmente
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1128 sus subdirectorios), moverse alrededor de esa lista, visitar,
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1129 renombrar, borrar y aparte de eso operar en los archivos. Dired esta
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1130 descrito en el Info en el manual de Emacs en el nodo llamado "Dired".
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1131
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1132 El manual también describe otras características de Emacs.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1133
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1134
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1135 * CONCLUSIÓN
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1136 ------------
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1137
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1138 Recuerde, para salir permanentemente de Emacs use C-x C-c. Para salir
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1139 temporalmente a un intérprete de comandos, de forma que puede volver a
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1140 Emacs después, use C-z.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1141
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1142 Este tutorial intenta ser comprensible para todos los usuarios nuevos,
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1143 así que si encuentra algo que no esté claro, no se siente y se culpe a
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1144 sí mismo: ¡Quéjese!
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1145
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1146
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1147 * COPIA
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1148 -------
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1149
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1150 Este tutorial desciende de una larga línea de tutoriales de Emacs
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1151 comenzando con el escrito por Stuart Cracraft para el Emacs original.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1152
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1153 La versión en español fue originalmente traducida por estudiantes del
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1154 Gimnasio Fidel Cano (un colegio en Santafé de Bogotá, Colombia):
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1155
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1156 Carlos Alberto López Troncoso
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1157 Andrés Felipe Mancipe Galvis
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1158 Lina Fernanda Pinto García
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1159 Liliana Carolina Quitián Cedeño
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1160 Leonardo Ramírez Vargas <leonardoramirez@latinmail.com>
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1161 Juan David Vargas Botero <cyberbob1164@hotmail.com>
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1162 Juan Pablo Yela Gallón
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1163 Jorge Enrique Cárdenas Carrillo <platypus_life@hotmail.com>
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1164
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1165 La versión en español ha sido revisada y corregida por:
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1166
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1167 Pablo Reyes <reyes_pablo@hotmail.com>
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1168 Igor Támara <ikks@bigfoot.com>
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1169 Melissa Giraldo de Támara <melagira@yahoo.com>
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1170 Vladimir Támara <vtamara@gnu.org>
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1171 Rafael Sepúlveda <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1172 Juanma Barranquero <lektu@terra.es>
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1173
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1174 La versión en español ha sido actualizada por:
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1175
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1176 Rafael Sepúlveda <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1177
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1178 Por favor, en caso de duda, sólo es válido el original en inglés de la
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1179 siguiente nota de derechos de reproducción (que puede encontrar en el
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1180 archivo TUTORIAL).
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1181
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1182 Copyright (C) 1985, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
106815
1d1d5d9bd884 Add 2010 to copyright years.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 100972
diff changeset
1183 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
82712
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1184
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1185 Se permite a cualquiera hacer o distribuir copias literales de este
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1186 documento como se recibe, en cualquier medio, siempre que la nota
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1187 de derechos de reproducción y la nota de permiso se preserven, y
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1188 que el distribuidor permita que el que la recibe hacer distribución
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1189 posterior como lo permite esta nota.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1190
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1191 Se permite distribuir versiones modificadas de este documento, o
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1192 porciones de este, bajo las condiciones anteriores, siempre que
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1193 ellas tengan nota visible especificando quién fue el último en
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1194 alterarlas.
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1195
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1196 Las condiciones para copiar Emacs mismo son más complejas, pero con el
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1197 mismo espíritu. Por favor lea el archivo COPYING y luego distribuya
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1198 copias de GNU Emacs a sus amigos. ¡Ayude a erradicar el
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1199 obstruccionismo del software ("propietariedad") usando, escribiendo, y
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
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1200 compartiendo software libre!
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
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1201
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
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1202 --- end of TUTORIAL.es ---
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
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1203
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
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1204 ;;; Local Variables:
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
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1205 ;;; coding: latin-1
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
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1206 ;;; End:
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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1207
a74d93c27e83 Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
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1208 ;;; arch-tag: 66aae86e-6f86-4a3e-b82a-44a783f774fd