Mercurial > emacs
annotate lispref/elisp.texi @ 80699:2ba6b3010dbe
(holiday-julian): Fix a problem with holidays in the last fortnight in
Julian October (sync from trunk 2008-03-31).
author | Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org> |
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date | Sun, 10 Aug 2008 20:05:45 +0000 |
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6451 | 1 \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c %**start of header | |
3 @setfilename elisp | |
4 @settitle GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual | |
5 @c %**end of header | |
6 | |
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7 @c Version of the manual and of Emacs. |
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8 @c Please remember to update the edition number in README as well. |
64175 | 9 @set VERSION 2.9 |
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10 @set EMACSVER 22.2.50 |
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11 |
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12 @dircategory Emacs |
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13 @direntry |
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14 * Elisp: (elisp). The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. |
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15 @end direntry |
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16 |
77597 | 17 @c in general, keep the following line commented out, unless doing a |
78048 | 18 @c copy of this manual that will be published. The manual should go |
77597 | 19 @c onto the distribution in the full, 8.5 x 11" size. |
20 @c set smallbook | |
77123 | 21 |
22 @ifset smallbook | |
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23 @smallbook |
77123 | 24 @end ifset |
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25 |
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26 @c per rms and peterb, use 10pt fonts for the main text, mostly to |
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27 @c save on paper cost. |
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28 @c Do this inside @tex for now, so current makeinfo does not complain. |
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29 @tex |
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31 @fonttextsize 10 |
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32 @set EMACSVER 22.1 |
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33 \global\let\urlcolor=\Black % don't print links in grayscale |
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34 \global\let\linkcolor=\Black |
77123 | 35 @end ifset |
36 \global\hbadness=6666 % don't worry about not-too-underfull boxes | |
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37 @end tex |
28952 | 38 |
39 @c Combine indices. | |
40 @synindex cp fn | |
41 @syncodeindex vr fn | |
42 @syncodeindex ky fn | |
43 @syncodeindex pg fn | |
44 @c We use the "type index" to index new functions and variables. | |
45 @c @syncodeindex tp fn | |
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46 |
63646 | 47 @copying |
77597 | 48 This is edition @value{VERSION} of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual,@* |
49 corresponding to Emacs version @value{EMACSVER}. | |
6451 | 50 |
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51 Copyright @copyright{} 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, |
79750 | 52 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software |
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53 Foundation, Inc. |
6451 | 54 |
63646 | 55 @quotation |
28952 | 56 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
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57 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or |
28952 | 58 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the |
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59 Invariant Sections being ``GNU General Public License,'' with the |
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60 Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU Manual,'' and with the Back-Cover |
63646 | 61 Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the |
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62 section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License.'' |
6451 | 63 |
78048 | 64 (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You are free to copy and modify |
65 this GNU Manual. Buying copies from GNU Press supports the FSF in | |
66 developing GNU and promoting software freedom.'' | |
63646 | 67 @end quotation |
68 @end copying | |
6451 | 69 |
70 @titlepage | |
71 @title GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual | |
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72 @subtitle For Emacs Version @value{EMACSVER} |
77123 | 73 @subtitle Revision @value{VERSION}, April 2007 |
6451 | 74 |
75 @author by Bil Lewis, Dan LaLiberte, Richard Stallman | |
76 @author and the GNU Manual Group | |
77 @page | |
78 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll | |
63646 | 79 @insertcopying |
6451 | 80 |
77597 | 81 @sp 2 |
63646 | 82 Published by the Free Software Foundation @* |
83 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor @* | |
84 Boston, MA 02110-1301 @* | |
85 USA @* | |
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86 ISBN 1-882114-74-4 |
6451 | 87 |
77597 | 88 @sp 2 |
6451 | 89 Cover art by Etienne Suvasa. |
90 @end titlepage | |
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91 |
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92 |
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93 @c Print the tables of contents |
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94 @summarycontents |
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95 @contents |
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96 |
6451 | 97 |
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98 @ifnottex |
29256 | 99 @node Top, Introduction, (dir), (dir) |
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100 @top Emacs Lisp |
6451 | 101 |
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102 This Info file contains edition @value{VERSION} of the GNU Emacs Lisp |
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103 Reference Manual, corresponding to GNU Emacs version @value{EMACSVER}. |
27193 | 104 @end ifnottex |
6451 | 105 |
106 @menu | |
107 * Introduction:: Introduction and conventions used. | |
108 | |
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109 * Lisp Data Types:: Data types of objects in Emacs Lisp. |
6451 | 110 * Numbers:: Numbers and arithmetic functions. |
111 * Strings and Characters:: Strings, and functions that work on them. | |
112 * Lists:: Lists, cons cells, and related functions. | |
113 * Sequences Arrays Vectors:: Lists, strings and vectors are called sequences. | |
114 Certain functions act on any kind of sequence. | |
115 The description of vectors is here as well. | |
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116 * Hash Tables:: Very fast lookup-tables. |
6451 | 117 * Symbols:: Symbols represent names, uniquely. |
118 | |
119 * Evaluation:: How Lisp expressions are evaluated. | |
120 * Control Structures:: Conditionals, loops, nonlocal exits. | |
121 * Variables:: Using symbols in programs to stand for values. | |
122 * Functions:: A function is a Lisp program | |
123 that can be invoked from other functions. | |
124 * Macros:: Macros are a way to extend the Lisp language. | |
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125 * Customization:: Writing customization declarations. |
6451 | 126 |
127 * Loading:: Reading files of Lisp code into Lisp. | |
128 * Byte Compilation:: Compilation makes programs run faster. | |
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129 * Advising Functions:: Adding to the definition of a function. |
6451 | 130 * Debugging:: Tools and tips for debugging Lisp programs. |
131 | |
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132 * Read and Print:: Converting Lisp objects to text and back. |
6451 | 133 * Minibuffers:: Using the minibuffer to read input. |
134 * Command Loop:: How the editor command loop works, | |
135 and how you can call its subroutines. | |
136 * Keymaps:: Defining the bindings from keys to commands. | |
137 * Modes:: Defining major and minor modes. | |
138 * Documentation:: Writing and using documentation strings. | |
139 | |
140 * Files:: Accessing files. | |
141 * Backups and Auto-Saving:: Controlling how backups and auto-save | |
142 files are made. | |
143 * Buffers:: Creating and using buffer objects. | |
144 * Windows:: Manipulating windows and displaying buffers. | |
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145 * Frames:: Making multiple system-level windows. |
6451 | 146 * Positions:: Buffer positions and motion functions. |
147 * Markers:: Markers represent positions and update | |
148 automatically when the text is changed. | |
149 | |
150 * Text:: Examining and changing text in buffers. | |
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151 * Non-ASCII Characters:: Non-ASCII text in buffers and strings. |
6451 | 152 * Searching and Matching:: Searching buffers for strings or regexps. |
153 * Syntax Tables:: The syntax table controls word and list parsing. | |
154 * Abbrevs:: How Abbrev mode works, and its data structures. | |
155 | |
156 * Processes:: Running and communicating with subprocesses. | |
33146 | 157 * Display:: Features for controlling the screen display. |
6451 | 158 * System Interface:: Getting the user id, system type, environment |
159 variables, and other such things. | |
160 | |
161 Appendices | |
162 | |
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163 * Antinews:: Info for users downgrading to Emacs 21. |
30904 | 164 * GNU Free Documentation License:: The license for this documentation |
29149 | 165 * GPL:: Conditions for copying and changing GNU Emacs. |
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166 * Tips:: Advice and coding conventions for Emacs Lisp. |
6451 | 167 * GNU Emacs Internals:: Building and dumping Emacs; |
168 internal data structures. | |
169 * Standard Errors:: List of all error symbols. | |
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170 * Standard Buffer-Local Variables:: |
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171 List of variables buffer-local in all buffers. |
6451 | 172 * Standard Keymaps:: List of standard keymaps. |
173 * Standard Hooks:: List of standard hook variables. | |
174 | |
175 * Index:: Index including concepts, functions, variables, | |
176 and other terms. | |
177 | |
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178 @ignore |
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179 * New Symbols:: New functions and variables in Emacs @value{EMACSVER}. |
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180 @end ignore |
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181 |
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182 @c Do NOT modify the following 3 lines! They must have this form to |
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183 @c be correctly identified by `texinfo-multiple-files-update'. In |
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184 @c particular, the detailed menu header line MUST be identical to the |
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185 @c value of `texinfo-master-menu-header'. See texnfo-upd.el. |
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186 |
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187 @detailmenu |
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188 --- The Detailed Node Listing --- |
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189 --------------------------------- |
6451 | 190 |
191 Here are other nodes that are inferiors of those already listed, | |
192 mentioned here so you can get to them in one step: | |
193 | |
194 Introduction | |
195 | |
196 * Caveats:: Flaws and a request for help. | |
197 * Lisp History:: Emacs Lisp is descended from Maclisp. | |
198 * Conventions:: How the manual is formatted. | |
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199 * Version Info:: Which Emacs version is running? |
6451 | 200 * Acknowledgements:: The authors, editors, and sponsors of this manual. |
201 | |
202 Conventions | |
203 | |
204 * Some Terms:: Explanation of terms we use in this manual. | |
205 * nil and t:: How the symbols @code{nil} and @code{t} are used. | |
206 * Evaluation Notation:: The format we use for examples of evaluation. | |
207 * Printing Notation:: The format we use for examples that print output. | |
208 * Error Messages:: The format we use for examples of errors. | |
209 * Buffer Text Notation:: The format we use for buffer contents in examples. | |
210 * Format of Descriptions:: Notation for describing functions, variables, etc. | |
211 | |
212 Format of Descriptions | |
213 | |
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214 * A Sample Function Description:: A description of an imaginary |
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215 function, @code{foo}. |
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216 * A Sample Variable Description:: A description of an imaginary |
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217 variable, @code{electric-future-map}. |
6451 | 218 |
219 Lisp Data Types | |
220 | |
221 * Printed Representation:: How Lisp objects are represented as text. | |
222 * Comments:: Comments and their formatting conventions. | |
223 * Programming Types:: Types found in all Lisp systems. | |
224 * Editing Types:: Types specific to Emacs. | |
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225 * Circular Objects:: Read syntax for circular structure. |
6451 | 226 * Type Predicates:: Tests related to types. |
227 * Equality Predicates:: Tests of equality between any two objects. | |
228 | |
229 Programming Types | |
230 | |
231 * Integer Type:: Numbers without fractional parts. | |
232 * Floating Point Type:: Numbers with fractional parts and with a large range. | |
233 * Character Type:: The representation of letters, numbers and | |
25875 | 234 control characters. |
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235 * Symbol Type:: A multi-use object that refers to a function, |
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236 variable, property list, or itself. |
6451 | 237 * Sequence Type:: Both lists and arrays are classified as sequences. |
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238 * Cons Cell Type:: Cons cells, and lists (which are made from cons cells). |
6451 | 239 * Array Type:: Arrays include strings and vectors. |
240 * String Type:: An (efficient) array of characters. | |
241 * Vector Type:: One-dimensional arrays. | |
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242 * Char-Table Type:: One-dimensional sparse arrays indexed by characters. |
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243 * Bool-Vector Type:: One-dimensional arrays of @code{t} or @code{nil}. |
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244 * Hash Table Type:: Super-fast lookup tables. |
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245 * Function Type:: A piece of executable code you can call from elsewhere. |
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246 * Macro Type:: A method of expanding an expression into another |
6451 | 247 expression, more fundamental but less pretty. |
248 * Primitive Function Type:: A function written in C, callable from Lisp. | |
249 * Byte-Code Type:: A function written in Lisp, then compiled. | |
250 * Autoload Type:: A type used for automatically loading seldom-used | |
25875 | 251 functions. |
6451 | 252 |
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253 Character Type |
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254 |
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255 * Basic Char Syntax:: Syntax for regular characters. |
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256 * General Escape Syntax:: How to specify characters by their codes. |
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257 * Ctl-Char Syntax:: Syntax for control characters. |
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258 * Meta-Char Syntax:: Syntax for meta-characters. |
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259 * Other Char Bits:: Syntax for hyper-, super-, and alt-characters. |
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260 |
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261 Cons Cell and List Types |
6451 | 262 |
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263 * Box Diagrams:: Drawing pictures of lists. |
6451 | 264 * Dotted Pair Notation:: An alternative syntax for lists. |
265 * Association List Type:: A specially constructed list. | |
266 | |
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267 String Type |
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268 |
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269 * Syntax for Strings:: How to specify Lisp strings. |
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270 * Non-ASCII in Strings:: International characters in strings. |
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271 * Nonprinting Characters:: Literal unprintable characters in strings. |
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272 * Text Props and Strings:: Strings with text properties. |
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273 |
6451 | 274 Editing Types |
275 | |
276 * Buffer Type:: The basic object of editing. | |
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277 * Marker Type:: A position in a buffer. |
6451 | 278 * Window Type:: What makes buffers visible. |
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279 * Frame Type:: Windows subdivide frames. |
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280 * Window Configuration Type:: Recording the way a frame is subdivided. |
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281 * Frame Configuration Type:: Recording the status of all frames. |
6451 | 282 * Process Type:: A process running on the underlying OS. |
283 * Stream Type:: Receive or send characters. | |
284 * Keymap Type:: What function a keystroke invokes. | |
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285 * Overlay Type:: How an overlay is represented. |
6451 | 286 |
287 Numbers | |
288 | |
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289 * Integer Basics:: Representation and range of integers. |
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290 * Float Basics:: Representation and range of floating point. |
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291 * Predicates on Numbers:: Testing for numbers. |
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292 * Comparison of Numbers:: Equality and inequality predicates. |
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293 * Numeric Conversions:: Converting float to integer and vice versa. |
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294 * Arithmetic Operations:: How to add, subtract, multiply and divide. |
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295 * Rounding Operations:: Explicitly rounding floating point numbers. |
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296 * Bitwise Operations:: Logical and, or, not, shifting. |
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297 * Math Functions:: Trig, exponential and logarithmic functions. |
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298 * Random Numbers:: Obtaining random integers, predictable or not. |
6451 | 299 |
300 Strings and Characters | |
301 | |
302 * String Basics:: Basic properties of strings and characters. | |
303 * Predicates for Strings:: Testing whether an object is a string or char. | |
304 * Creating Strings:: Functions to allocate new strings. | |
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305 * Modifying Strings:: Altering the contents of an existing string. |
6451 | 306 * Text Comparison:: Comparing characters or strings. |
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307 * String Conversion:: Converting characters to strings and vice versa. |
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308 * Formatting Strings:: @code{format}: Emacs's analogue of @code{printf}. |
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309 * Case Conversion:: Case conversion functions. |
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310 * Case Tables:: Customizing case conversion. |
6451 | 311 |
312 Lists | |
313 | |
314 * Cons Cells:: How lists are made out of cons cells. | |
315 * List-related Predicates:: Is this object a list? Comparing two lists. | |
316 * List Elements:: Extracting the pieces of a list. | |
317 * Building Lists:: Creating list structure. | |
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318 * List Variables:: Modifying lists stored in variables. |
6451 | 319 * Modifying Lists:: Storing new pieces into an existing list. |
320 * Sets And Lists:: A list can represent a finite mathematical set. | |
321 * Association Lists:: A list can represent a finite relation or mapping. | |
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322 * Rings:: Managing a fixed-size ring of objects. |
6451 | 323 |
324 Modifying Existing List Structure | |
325 | |
326 * Setcar:: Replacing an element in a list. | |
327 * Setcdr:: Replacing part of the list backbone. | |
328 This can be used to remove or add elements. | |
329 * Rearrangement:: Reordering the elements in a list; combining lists. | |
330 | |
331 Sequences, Arrays, and Vectors | |
332 | |
333 * Sequence Functions:: Functions that accept any kind of sequence. | |
334 * Arrays:: Characteristics of arrays in Emacs Lisp. | |
335 * Array Functions:: Functions specifically for arrays. | |
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336 * Vectors:: Special characteristics of Emacs Lisp vectors. |
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337 * Vector Functions:: Functions specifically for vectors. |
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338 * Char-Tables:: How to work with char-tables. |
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339 * Bool-Vectors:: How to work with bool-vectors. |
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340 |
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341 Hash Tables |
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342 |
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343 * Creating Hash:: Functions to create hash tables. |
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344 * Hash Access:: Reading and writing the hash table contents. |
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345 * Defining Hash:: Defining new comparison methods |
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346 * Other Hash:: Miscellaneous. |
6451 | 347 |
348 Symbols | |
349 | |
350 * Symbol Components:: Symbols have names, values, function definitions | |
351 and property lists. | |
352 * Definitions:: A definition says how a symbol will be used. | |
353 * Creating Symbols:: How symbols are kept unique. | |
354 * Property Lists:: Each symbol has a property list | |
355 for recording miscellaneous information. | |
356 | |
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357 Property Lists |
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358 |
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359 * Plists and Alists:: Comparison of the advantages of property |
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360 lists and association lists. |
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361 * Symbol Plists:: Functions to access symbols' property lists. |
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362 * Other Plists:: Accessing property lists stored elsewhere. |
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363 |
6451 | 364 Evaluation |
365 | |
366 * Intro Eval:: Evaluation in the scheme of things. | |
367 * Forms:: How various sorts of objects are evaluated. | |
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368 * Quoting:: Avoiding evaluation (to put constants in |
6451 | 369 the program). |
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370 * Eval:: How to invoke the Lisp interpreter explicitly. |
6451 | 371 |
372 Kinds of Forms | |
373 | |
374 * Self-Evaluating Forms:: Forms that evaluate to themselves. | |
375 * Symbol Forms:: Symbols evaluate as variables. | |
376 * Classifying Lists:: How to distinguish various sorts of list forms. | |
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377 * Function Indirection:: When a symbol appears as the car of a list, |
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378 we find the real function via the symbol. |
6451 | 379 * Function Forms:: Forms that call functions. |
380 * Macro Forms:: Forms that call macros. | |
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381 * Special Forms:: "Special forms" are idiosyncratic primitives, |
6451 | 382 most of them extremely important. |
383 * Autoloading:: Functions set up to load files | |
384 containing their real definitions. | |
385 | |
386 Control Structures | |
387 | |
388 * Sequencing:: Evaluation in textual order. | |
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389 * Conditionals:: @code{if}, @code{cond}, @code{when}, @code{unless}. |
6451 | 390 * Combining Conditions:: @code{and}, @code{or}, @code{not}. |
391 * Iteration:: @code{while} loops. | |
392 * Nonlocal Exits:: Jumping out of a sequence. | |
393 | |
394 Nonlocal Exits | |
395 | |
396 * Catch and Throw:: Nonlocal exits for the program's own purposes. | |
397 * Examples of Catch:: Showing how such nonlocal exits can be written. | |
398 * Errors:: How errors are signaled and handled. | |
399 * Cleanups:: Arranging to run a cleanup form if an | |
400 error happens. | |
401 | |
402 Errors | |
403 | |
404 * Signaling Errors:: How to report an error. | |
405 * Processing of Errors:: What Emacs does when you report an error. | |
406 * Handling Errors:: How you can trap errors and continue execution. | |
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407 * Error Symbols:: How errors are classified for trapping them. |
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408 * Standard Errors:: List of all error symbols. |
6451 | 409 |
410 Variables | |
411 | |
412 * Global Variables:: Variable values that exist permanently, everywhere. | |
413 * Constant Variables:: Certain "variables" have values that never change. | |
414 * Local Variables:: Variable values that exist only temporarily. | |
415 * Void Variables:: Symbols that lack values. | |
416 * Defining Variables:: A definition says a symbol is used as a variable. | |
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417 * Tips for Defining:: Things you should think about when you |
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418 define a variable. |
6451 | 419 * Accessing Variables:: Examining values of variables whose names |
420 are known only at run time. | |
421 * Setting Variables:: Storing new values in variables. | |
422 * Variable Scoping:: How Lisp chooses among local and global values. | |
423 * Buffer-Local Variables:: Variable values in effect only in one buffer. | |
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424 * Future Local Variables:: New kinds of local values we might add some day. |
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425 * File Local Variables:: Handling local variable lists in files. |
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426 * Variable Aliases:: Variables that are aliases for other variables. |
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427 * Variables with Restricted Values:: Non-constant variables whose value can |
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428 @emph{not} be an arbitrary Lisp object. |
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429 * Standard Buffer-Local Variables:: |
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430 List of variables buffer-local in all buffers. |
6451 | 431 |
432 Scoping Rules for Variable Bindings | |
433 | |
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434 * Scope:: Scope means where in the program a value |
6451 | 435 is visible. Comparison with other languages. |
436 * Extent:: Extent means how long in time a value exists. | |
437 * Impl of Scope:: Two ways to implement dynamic scoping. | |
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438 * Using Scoping:: How to use dynamic scoping carefully and |
6451 | 439 avoid problems. |
440 | |
441 Buffer-Local Variables | |
442 | |
443 * Intro to Buffer-Local:: Introduction and concepts. | |
444 * Creating Buffer-Local:: Creating and destroying buffer-local bindings. | |
445 * Default Value:: The default value is seen in buffers | |
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446 that don't have their own buffer-local values. |
6451 | 447 |
448 Functions | |
449 | |
450 * What Is a Function:: Lisp functions vs primitives; terminology. | |
451 * Lambda Expressions:: How functions are expressed as Lisp objects. | |
452 * Function Names:: A symbol can serve as the name of a function. | |
453 * Defining Functions:: Lisp expressions for defining functions. | |
454 * Calling Functions:: How to use an existing function. | |
455 * Mapping Functions:: Applying a function to each element of a list, etc. | |
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456 * Anonymous Functions:: Lambda-expressions are functions with no names. |
6451 | 457 * Function Cells:: Accessing or setting the function definition |
458 of a symbol. | |
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459 * Obsolete Functions:: Declaring functions obsolete. |
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460 * Inline Functions:: Defining functions that the compiler will open code. |
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461 * Function Safety:: Determining whether a function is safe to call. |
6451 | 462 * Related Topics:: Cross-references to specific Lisp primitives |
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463 that have a special bearing on how |
6451 | 464 functions work. |
465 | |
466 Lambda Expressions | |
467 | |
468 * Lambda Components:: The parts of a lambda expression. | |
469 * Simple Lambda:: A simple example. | |
470 * Argument List:: Details and special features of argument lists. | |
471 * Function Documentation:: How to put documentation in a function. | |
472 | |
473 Macros | |
474 | |
475 * Simple Macro:: A basic example. | |
476 * Expansion:: How, when and why macros are expanded. | |
477 * Compiling Macros:: How macros are expanded by the compiler. | |
478 * Defining Macros:: How to write a macro definition. | |
479 * Backquote:: Easier construction of list structure. | |
480 * Problems with Macros:: Don't evaluate the macro arguments too many times. | |
481 Don't hide the user's variables. | |
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482 * Indenting Macros:: Specifying how to indent macro calls. |
6451 | 483 |
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484 Common Problems Using Macros |
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485 |
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486 * Wrong Time:: Do the work in the expansion, not in the macro. |
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487 * Argument Evaluation:: The expansion should evaluate each macro arg once. |
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488 * Surprising Local Vars:: Local variable bindings in the expansion |
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489 require special care. |
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490 * Eval During Expansion:: Don't evaluate them; put them in the expansion. |
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491 * Repeated Expansion:: Avoid depending on how many times expansion is done. |
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492 |
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493 Writing Customization Definitions |
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494 |
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495 * Common Keywords:: Common keyword arguments for all kinds of |
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496 customization declarations. |
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497 * Group Definitions:: Writing customization group definitions. |
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498 * Variable Definitions:: Declaring user options. |
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499 * Customization Types:: Specifying the type of a user option. |
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500 |
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501 Customization Types |
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502 |
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503 * Simple Types:: Simple customization types: sexp, integer, number, |
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504 string, file, directory, alist. |
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505 * Composite Types:: Build new types from other types or data. |
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506 * Splicing into Lists:: Splice elements into list with @code{:inline}. |
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507 * Type Keywords:: Keyword-argument pairs in a customization type. |
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508 * Defining New Types:: Give your type a name. |
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509 |
6451 | 510 Loading |
511 | |
512 * How Programs Do Loading:: The @code{load} function and others. | |
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513 * Load Suffixes:: Details about the suffixes that @code{load} tries. |
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514 * Library Search:: Finding a library to load. |
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515 * Loading Non-ASCII:: Non-@acronym{ASCII} characters in Emacs Lisp files. |
6451 | 516 * Autoload:: Setting up a function to autoload. |
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517 * Repeated Loading:: Precautions about loading a file twice. |
12098 | 518 * Named Features:: Loading a library if it isn't already loaded. |
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519 * Where Defined:: Finding which file defined a certain symbol. |
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520 * Unloading:: How to "unload" a library that was loaded. |
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521 * Hooks for Loading:: Providing code to be run when |
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522 particular libraries are loaded. |
6451 | 523 |
524 Byte Compilation | |
525 | |
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526 * Speed of Byte-Code:: An example of speedup from byte compilation. |
6451 | 527 * Compilation Functions:: Byte compilation functions. |
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528 * Docs and Compilation:: Dynamic loading of documentation strings. |
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529 * Dynamic Loading:: Dynamic loading of individual functions. |
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530 * Eval During Compile:: Code to be evaluated when you compile. |
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531 * Compiler Errors:: Handling compiler error messages. |
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532 * Byte-Code Objects:: The data type used for byte-compiled functions. |
6451 | 533 * Disassembly:: Disassembling byte-code; how to read byte-code. |
534 | |
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535 Advising Emacs Lisp Functions |
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536 |
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537 * Simple Advice:: A simple example to explain the basics of advice. |
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538 * Defining Advice:: Detailed description of @code{defadvice}. |
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539 * Around-Advice:: Wrapping advice around a function's definition. |
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540 * Computed Advice:: ...is to @code{defadvice} as @code{fset} is to @code{defun}. |
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541 * Activation of Advice:: Advice doesn't do anything until you activate it. |
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542 * Enabling Advice:: You can enable or disable each piece of advice. |
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543 * Preactivation:: Preactivation is a way of speeding up the |
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544 loading of compiled advice. |
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545 * Argument Access in Advice:: How advice can access the function's arguments. |
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546 * Advising Primitives:: Accessing arguments when advising a primitive. |
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547 * Combined Definition:: How advice is implemented. |
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548 |
6451 | 549 Debugging Lisp Programs |
550 | |
551 * Debugger:: How the Emacs Lisp debugger is implemented. | |
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552 * Edebug:: A source-level Emacs Lisp debugger. |
6451 | 553 * Syntax Errors:: How to find syntax errors. |
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554 * Test Coverage:: Ensuring you have tested all branches in your code. |
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555 * Compilation Errors:: How to find errors that show up in |
6451 | 556 byte compilation. |
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557 |
6451 | 558 The Lisp Debugger |
559 | |
560 * Error Debugging:: Entering the debugger when an error happens. | |
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561 * Infinite Loops:: Stopping and debugging a program that doesn't exit. |
6451 | 562 * Function Debugging:: Entering it when a certain function is called. |
563 * Explicit Debug:: Entering it at a certain point in the program. | |
564 * Using Debugger:: What the debugger does; what you see while in it. | |
565 * Debugger Commands:: Commands used while in the debugger. | |
566 * Invoking the Debugger:: How to call the function @code{debug}. | |
567 * Internals of Debugger:: Subroutines of the debugger, and global variables. | |
568 | |
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569 Edebug |
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570 |
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571 * Using Edebug:: Introduction to use of Edebug. |
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572 * Instrumenting:: You must instrument your code |
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573 in order to debug it with Edebug. |
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574 * Edebug Execution Modes:: Execution modes, stopping more or less often. |
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575 * Jumping:: Commands to jump to a specified place. |
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576 * Edebug Misc:: Miscellaneous commands. |
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577 * Breaks:: Setting breakpoints to make the program stop. |
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578 * Trapping Errors:: Trapping errors with Edebug. |
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579 * Edebug Views:: Views inside and outside of Edebug. |
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580 * Edebug Eval:: Evaluating expressions within Edebug. |
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581 * Eval List:: Expressions whose values are displayed |
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582 each time you enter Edebug. |
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583 * Printing in Edebug:: Customization of printing. |
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584 * Trace Buffer:: How to produce trace output in a buffer. |
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585 * Coverage Testing:: How to test evaluation coverage. |
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586 * The Outside Context:: Data that Edebug saves and restores. |
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587 * Edebug and Macros:: Specifying how to handle macro calls. |
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588 * Edebug Options:: Option variables for customizing Edebug. |
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589 |
6451 | 590 Debugging Invalid Lisp Syntax |
591 | |
592 * Excess Open:: How to find a spurious open paren or missing close. | |
593 * Excess Close:: How to find a spurious close paren or missing open. | |
594 | |
595 Reading and Printing Lisp Objects | |
596 | |
597 * Streams Intro:: Overview of streams, reading and printing. | |
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598 * Input Streams:: Various data types that can be used as |
6451 | 599 input streams. |
600 * Input Functions:: Functions to read Lisp objects from text. | |
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601 * Output Streams:: Various data types that can be used as |
6451 | 602 output streams. |
603 * Output Functions:: Functions to print Lisp objects as text. | |
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604 * Output Variables:: Variables that control what the printing |
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605 functions do. |
6451 | 606 |
607 Minibuffers | |
608 | |
609 * Intro to Minibuffers:: Basic information about minibuffers. | |
610 * Text from Minibuffer:: How to read a straight text string. | |
611 * Object from Minibuffer:: How to read a Lisp object or expression. | |
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612 * Minibuffer History:: Recording previous minibuffer inputs |
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613 so the user can reuse them. |
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614 * Initial Input:: Specifying initial contents for the minibuffer. |
6451 | 615 * Completion:: How to invoke and customize completion. |
616 * Yes-or-No Queries:: Asking a question with a simple answer. | |
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617 * Multiple Queries:: Asking a series of similar questions. |
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618 * Reading a Password:: Reading a password from the terminal. |
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619 * Minibuffer Commands:: Commands used as key bindings in minibuffers. |
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620 * Minibuffer Contents:: How such commands access the minibuffer text. |
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621 * Minibuffer Windows:: Operating on the special minibuffer windows. |
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622 * Recursive Mini:: Whether recursive entry to minibuffer is allowed. |
6451 | 623 * Minibuffer Misc:: Various customization hooks and variables. |
624 | |
625 Completion | |
626 | |
627 * Basic Completion:: Low-level functions for completing strings. | |
628 (These are too low level to use the minibuffer.) | |
629 * Minibuffer Completion:: Invoking the minibuffer with completion. | |
630 * Completion Commands:: Minibuffer commands that do completion. | |
631 * High-Level Completion:: Convenient special cases of completion | |
632 (reading buffer name, file name, etc.) | |
633 * Reading File Names:: Using completion to read file names. | |
634 * Programmed Completion:: Finding the completions for a given file name. | |
635 | |
636 Command Loop | |
637 | |
638 * Command Overview:: How the command loop reads commands. | |
639 * Defining Commands:: Specifying how a function should read arguments. | |
640 * Interactive Call:: Calling a command, so that it will read arguments. | |
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641 * Distinguish Interactive:: Making a command distinguish interactive calls. |
6451 | 642 * Command Loop Info:: Variables set by the command loop for you to examine. |
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643 * Adjusting Point:: Adjustment of point after a command. |
6451 | 644 * Input Events:: What input looks like when you read it. |
645 * Reading Input:: How to read input events from the keyboard or mouse. | |
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646 * Special Events:: Events processed immediately and individually. |
6451 | 647 * Waiting:: Waiting for user input or elapsed time. |
648 * Quitting:: How @kbd{C-g} works. How to catch or defer quitting. | |
649 * Prefix Command Arguments:: How the commands to set prefix args work. | |
650 * Recursive Editing:: Entering a recursive edit, | |
651 and why you usually shouldn't. | |
652 * Disabling Commands:: How the command loop handles disabled commands. | |
653 * Command History:: How the command history is set up, and how accessed. | |
654 * Keyboard Macros:: How keyboard macros are implemented. | |
655 | |
656 Defining Commands | |
657 | |
658 * Using Interactive:: General rules for @code{interactive}. | |
659 * Interactive Codes:: The standard letter-codes for reading arguments | |
660 in various ways. | |
661 * Interactive Examples:: Examples of how to read interactive arguments. | |
662 | |
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663 Input Events |
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664 |
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665 * Keyboard Events:: Ordinary characters--keys with symbols on them. |
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666 * Function Keys:: Function keys--keys with names, not symbols. |
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667 * Mouse Events:: Overview of mouse events. |
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668 * Click Events:: Pushing and releasing a mouse button. |
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669 * Drag Events:: Moving the mouse before releasing the button. |
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670 * Button-Down Events:: A button was pushed and not yet released. |
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671 * Repeat Events:: Double and triple click (or drag, or down). |
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672 * Motion Events:: Just moving the mouse, not pushing a button. |
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673 * Focus Events:: Moving the mouse between frames. |
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674 * Misc Events:: Other events the system can generate. |
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675 * Event Examples:: Examples of the lists for mouse events. |
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676 * Classifying Events:: Finding the modifier keys in an event symbol. |
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677 * Accessing Mouse:: Functions to extract info from mouse events. |
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|
678 * Accessing Scroll:: Functions to get info from scroll bar events. |
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679 * Strings of Events:: Special considerations for putting |
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|
680 keyboard character events in a string. |
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681 |
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|
682 Reading Input |
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|
683 |
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684 * Key Sequence Input:: How to read one key sequence. |
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685 * Reading One Event:: How to read just one event. |
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686 * Event Mod:: How Emacs modifies events as they are read. |
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687 * Invoking the Input Method:: How reading an event uses the input method. |
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688 * Quoted Character Input:: Asking the user to specify a character. |
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689 * Event Input Misc:: How to reread or throw away input events. |
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|
690 |
6451 | 691 Keymaps |
692 | |
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693 * Key Sequences:: Key sequences as Lisp objects. |
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694 * Keymap Basics:: Basic concepts of keymaps. |
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695 * Format of Keymaps:: What a keymap looks like as a Lisp object. |
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696 * Creating Keymaps:: Functions to create and copy keymaps. |
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697 * Inheritance and Keymaps:: How one keymap can inherit the bindings |
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698 of another keymap. |
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699 * Prefix Keys:: Defining a key with a keymap as its definition. |
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700 * Active Keymaps:: How Emacs searches the active keymaps |
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|
701 for a key binding. |
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|
702 * Searching Keymaps:: A pseudo-Lisp summary of searching active maps. |
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|
703 * Controlling Active Maps:: Each buffer has a local keymap |
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|
704 to override the standard (global) bindings. |
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|
705 A minor mode can also override them. |
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|
706 * Key Lookup:: How extracting elements from keymaps works. |
6451 | 707 * Functions for Key Lookup:: How to request key lookup. |
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|
708 * Changing Key Bindings:: Redefining a key in a keymap. |
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|
709 * Remapping Commands:: A keymap can translate one command to another. |
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|
710 * Translation Keymaps:: Keymaps for translating sequences of events. |
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|
711 * Key Binding Commands:: Interactive interfaces for redefining keys. |
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|
712 * Scanning Keymaps:: Looking through all keymaps, for printing help. |
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|
713 * Menu Keymaps:: A keymap can define a menu for X |
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|
714 or for use from the terminal. |
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|
715 * Standard Keymaps:: List of standard keymaps. |
6451 | 716 |
717 Major and Minor Modes | |
718 | |
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719 * Hooks:: How to use hooks; how to write code that |
2f43def6e036
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Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
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diff
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|
720 provides hooks. |
6451 | 721 * Major Modes:: Defining major modes. |
722 * Minor Modes:: Defining minor modes. | |
723 * Mode Line Format:: Customizing the text that appears in the mode line. | |
62225
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|
724 * Imenu:: How a mode can provide a menu |
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|
725 of definitions in the buffer. |
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|
726 * Font Lock Mode:: How modes can highlight text according to syntax. |
36f1bfc37efb
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|
727 * Desktop Save Mode:: How modes can have buffer state saved between |
36f1bfc37efb
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diff
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|
728 Emacs sessions. |
6451 | 729 |
75615
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|
730 Menu Keymaps |
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|
731 |
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|
732 * Defining Menus:: How to make a keymap that defines a menu. |
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|
733 * Mouse Menus:: How users actuate the menu with the mouse. |
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|
734 * Keyboard Menus:: How users actuate the menu with the keyboard. |
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|
735 * Menu Example:: Making a simple menu. |
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|
736 * Menu Bar:: How to customize the menu bar. |
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|
737 * Tool Bar:: A tool bar is a row of images. |
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|
738 * Modifying Menus:: How to add new items to a menu. |
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|
739 |
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|
740 Defining Menus |
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changeset
|
741 |
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|
742 * Simple Menu Items:: A simple kind of menu key binding, |
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parents:
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diff
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|
743 limited in capabilities. |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
744 * Extended Menu Items:: More powerful menu item definitions |
fe256e8523f2
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
745 let you specify keywords to enable |
fe256e8523f2
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
746 various features. |
fe256e8523f2
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
747 * Menu Separators:: Drawing a horizontal line through a menu. |
fe256e8523f2
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
748 * Alias Menu Items:: Using command aliases in menu items. |
fe256e8523f2
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
749 |
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diff
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|
750 Major and Minor Modes |
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|
751 |
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diff
changeset
|
752 * Hooks:: How to use hooks; how to write code that provides hooks. |
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|
753 * Major Modes:: Defining major modes. |
fe256e8523f2
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diff
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|
754 * Minor Modes:: Defining minor modes. |
fe256e8523f2
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diff
changeset
|
755 * Mode Line Format:: Customizing the text that appears in the mode line. |
fe256e8523f2
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parents:
75533
diff
changeset
|
756 * Imenu:: How a mode can provide a menu |
fe256e8523f2
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
75533
diff
changeset
|
757 of definitions in the buffer. |
fe256e8523f2
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
75533
diff
changeset
|
758 * Font Lock Mode:: How modes can highlight text according to syntax. |
fe256e8523f2
(Top): Update the top-level menus.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
75533
diff
changeset
|
759 * Desktop Save Mode:: How modes can have buffer state saved between |
fe256e8523f2
(Top): Update the top-level menus.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
75533
diff
changeset
|
760 Emacs sessions. |
fe256e8523f2
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
761 |
6451 | 762 Major Modes |
763 | |
62352
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|
764 * Major Mode Basics:: |
6451 | 765 * Major Mode Conventions:: Coding conventions for keymaps, etc. |
766 * Example Major Modes:: Text mode and Lisp modes. | |
767 * Auto Major Mode:: How Emacs chooses the major mode automatically. | |
768 * Mode Help:: Finding out how to use a mode. | |
62225
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769 * Derived Modes:: Defining a new major mode based on another major |
36f1bfc37efb
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|
770 mode. |
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771 * Generic Modes:: Defining a simple major mode that supports |
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|
772 comment syntax and Font Lock mode. |
36f1bfc37efb
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diff
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|
773 * Mode Hooks:: Hooks run at the end of major mode functions. |
6451 | 774 |
775 Minor Modes | |
776 | |
777 * Minor Mode Conventions:: Tips for writing a minor mode. | |
778 * Keymaps and Minor Modes:: How a minor mode can have its own keymap. | |
62225
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779 * Defining Minor Modes:: A convenient facility for defining minor modes. |
6451 | 780 |
781 Mode Line Format | |
782 | |
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|
783 * Mode Line Basics:: |
6451 | 784 * Mode Line Data:: The data structure that controls the mode line. |
785 * Mode Line Variables:: Variables used in that data structure. | |
786 * %-Constructs:: Putting information into a mode line. | |
62225
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787 * Properties in Mode:: Using text properties in the mode line. |
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|
788 * Header Lines:: Like a mode line, but at the top. |
36f1bfc37efb
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parents:
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|
789 * Emulating Mode Line:: Formatting text as the mode line would. |
6451 | 790 |
75615
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|
791 Font Lock Mode |
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|
792 |
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|
793 * Font Lock Basics:: Overview of customizing Font Lock. |
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794 * Search-based Fontification:: Fontification based on regexps. |
fe256e8523f2
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parents:
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|
795 * Customizing Keywords:: Customizing search-based fontification. |
fe256e8523f2
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parents:
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|
796 * Other Font Lock Variables:: Additional customization facilities. |
fe256e8523f2
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parents:
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|
797 * Levels of Font Lock:: Each mode can define alternative levels |
fe256e8523f2
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parents:
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diff
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|
798 so that the user can select more or less. |
fe256e8523f2
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parents:
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diff
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|
799 * Precalculated Fontification:: How Lisp programs that produce the buffer |
fe256e8523f2
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
800 contents can also specify how to fontify it. |
fe256e8523f2
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parents:
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|
801 * Faces for Font Lock:: Special faces specifically for Font Lock. |
fe256e8523f2
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parents:
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|
802 * Syntactic Font Lock:: Fontification based on syntax tables. |
fe256e8523f2
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parents:
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diff
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|
803 * Setting Syntax Properties:: Defining character syntax based on context |
fe256e8523f2
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parents:
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changeset
|
804 using the Font Lock mechanism. |
fe256e8523f2
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parents:
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diff
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|
805 * Multiline Font Lock:: How to coerce Font Lock into properly |
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806 highlighting multiline constructs. |
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807 |
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808 Multiline Font Lock Constructs |
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809 |
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810 * Font Lock Multiline:: Marking multiline chunks with a text property |
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811 * Region to Fontify:: Controlling which region gets refontified |
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812 after a buffer change. |
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813 |
6451 | 814 Documentation |
815 | |
816 * Documentation Basics:: Good style for doc strings. | |
817 Where to put them. How Emacs stores them. | |
818 * Accessing Documentation:: How Lisp programs can access doc strings. | |
819 * Keys in Documentation:: Substituting current key bindings. | |
820 * Describing Characters:: Making printable descriptions of | |
821 non-printing characters and key sequences. | |
822 * Help Functions:: Subroutines used by Emacs help facilities. | |
823 | |
824 Files | |
825 | |
826 * Visiting Files:: Reading files into Emacs buffers for editing. | |
827 * Saving Buffers:: Writing changed buffers back into files. | |
828 * Reading from Files:: Reading files into other buffers. | |
829 * Writing to Files:: Writing new files from parts of buffers. | |
830 * File Locks:: Locking and unlocking files, to prevent | |
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831 simultaneous editing by two people. |
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832 * Information about Files:: Testing existence, accessibility, size of files. |
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833 * Changing Files:: Renaming files, changing protection, etc. |
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834 * File Names:: Decomposing and expanding file names. |
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835 * Contents of Directories:: Getting a list of the files in a directory. |
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836 * Create/Delete Dirs:: Creating and Deleting Directories. |
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837 * Magic File Names:: Defining "magic" special handling |
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838 for certain file names. |
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839 * Format Conversion:: Conversion to and from various file formats. |
6451 | 840 |
841 Visiting Files | |
842 | |
843 * Visiting Functions:: The usual interface functions for visiting. | |
844 * Subroutines of Visiting:: Lower-level subroutines that they use. | |
845 | |
846 Information about Files | |
847 | |
848 * Testing Accessibility:: Is a given file readable? Writable? | |
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849 * Kinds of Files:: Is it a directory? A symbolic link? |
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850 * Truenames:: Eliminating symbolic links from a file name. |
6451 | 851 * File Attributes:: How large is it? Any other names? Etc. |
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852 * Locating Files:: How to find a file in standard places. |
6451 | 853 |
854 File Names | |
855 | |
856 * File Name Components:: The directory part of a file name, and the rest. | |
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857 * Relative File Names:: Some file names are relative to a |
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858 current directory. |
6451 | 859 * Directory Names:: A directory's name as a directory |
860 is different from its name as a file. | |
861 * File Name Expansion:: Converting relative file names to absolute ones. | |
862 * Unique File Names:: Generating names for temporary files. | |
863 * File Name Completion:: Finding the completions for a given file name. | |
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864 * Standard File Names:: If your package uses a fixed file name, |
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865 how to handle various operating systems simply. |
6451 | 866 |
867 Backups and Auto-Saving | |
868 | |
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869 * Backup Files:: How backup files are made; how their names |
6451 | 870 are chosen. |
871 * Auto-Saving:: How auto-save files are made; how their | |
872 names are chosen. | |
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873 * Reverting:: @code{revert-buffer}, and how to customize |
6451 | 874 what it does. |
875 | |
876 Backup Files | |
877 | |
878 * Making Backups:: How Emacs makes backup files, and when. | |
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879 * Rename or Copy:: Two alternatives: renaming the old file |
6451 | 880 or copying it. |
881 * Numbered Backups:: Keeping multiple backups for each source file. | |
882 * Backup Names:: How backup file names are computed; customization. | |
883 | |
884 Buffers | |
885 | |
886 * Buffer Basics:: What is a buffer? | |
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887 * Current Buffer:: Designating a buffer as current |
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888 so primitives will access its contents. |
6451 | 889 * Buffer Names:: Accessing and changing buffer names. |
890 * Buffer File Name:: The buffer file name indicates which file | |
891 is visited. | |
892 * Buffer Modification:: A buffer is @dfn{modified} if it needs to be saved. | |
893 * Modification Time:: Determining whether the visited file was changed | |
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894 ``behind Emacs's back''. |
6451 | 895 * Read Only Buffers:: Modifying text is not allowed in a |
896 read-only buffer. | |
897 * The Buffer List:: How to look at all the existing buffers. | |
898 * Creating Buffers:: Functions that create buffers. | |
899 * Killing Buffers:: Buffers exist until explicitly killed. | |
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900 * Indirect Buffers:: An indirect buffer shares text with some |
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901 other buffer. |
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902 * Buffer Gap:: The gap in the buffer. |
6451 | 903 |
904 Windows | |
905 | |
906 * Basic Windows:: Basic information on using windows. | |
907 * Splitting Windows:: Splitting one window into two windows. | |
908 * Deleting Windows:: Deleting a window gives its space to other windows. | |
909 * Selecting Windows:: The selected window is the one that you edit in. | |
910 * Cyclic Window Ordering:: Moving around the existing windows. | |
911 * Buffers and Windows:: Each window displays the contents of a buffer. | |
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912 * Displaying Buffers:: Higher-level functions for displaying a buffer |
6451 | 913 and choosing a window for it. |
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914 * Choosing Window:: How to choose a window for displaying a buffer. |
6451 | 915 * Window Point:: Each window has its own location of point. |
916 * Window Start:: The display-start position controls which text | |
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917 is on-screen in the window. |
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918 * Textual Scrolling:: Moving text up and down through the window. |
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919 * Vertical Scrolling:: Moving the contents up and down on the window. |
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920 * Horizontal Scrolling:: Moving the contents sideways on the window. |
6451 | 921 * Size of Window:: Accessing the size of a window. |
922 * Resizing Windows:: Changing the size of a window. | |
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923 * Coordinates and Windows:: Converting coordinates to windows. |
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924 * Window Tree:: The layout and sizes of all windows in a frame. |
6451 | 925 * Window Configurations:: Saving and restoring the state of the screen. |
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926 * Window Hooks:: Hooks for scrolling, window size changes, |
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927 redisplay going past a certain point, |
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928 or window configuration changes. |
6451 | 929 |
12098 | 930 Frames |
931 | |
932 * Creating Frames:: Creating additional frames. | |
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933 * Multiple Displays:: Creating frames on other displays. |
12098 | 934 * Frame Parameters:: Controlling frame size, position, font, etc. |
935 * Frame Titles:: Automatic updating of frame titles. | |
936 * Deleting Frames:: Frames last until explicitly deleted. | |
937 * Finding All Frames:: How to examine all existing frames. | |
938 * Frames and Windows:: A frame contains windows; | |
939 display of text always works through windows. | |
940 * Minibuffers and Frames:: How a frame finds the minibuffer to use. | |
941 * Input Focus:: Specifying the selected frame. | |
942 * Visibility of Frames:: Frames may be visible or invisible, or icons. | |
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943 * Raising and Lowering:: Raising a frame makes it hide other windows; |
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944 lowering it puts it underneath the others. |
12098 | 945 * Frame Configurations:: Saving the state of all frames. |
946 * Mouse Tracking:: Getting events that say when the mouse moves. | |
947 * Mouse Position:: Asking where the mouse is, or moving it. | |
948 * Pop-Up Menus:: Displaying a menu for the user to select from. | |
949 * Dialog Boxes:: Displaying a box to ask yes or no. | |
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950 * Pointer Shape:: Specifying the shape of the mouse pointer. |
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951 * Window System Selections::Transferring text to and from other windows. |
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952 * Drag and Drop:: Internals of Drag-and-Drop implementation. |
12098 | 953 * Color Names:: Getting the definitions of color names. |
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954 * Text Terminal Colors:: Defining colors for text-only terminals. |
12098 | 955 * Resources:: Getting resource values from the server. |
27476 | 956 * Display Feature Testing:: Determining the features of a terminal. |
12098 | 957 |
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958 Frame Parameters |
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959 |
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960 * Parameter Access:: How to change a frame's parameters. |
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961 * Initial Parameters:: Specifying frame parameters when you make a frame. |
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962 * Window Frame Parameters:: List of frame parameters for window systems. |
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963 * Size and Position:: Changing the size and position of a frame. |
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964 * Geometry:: Parsing geometry specifications. |
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965 |
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966 Window Frame Parameters |
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967 |
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968 * Basic Parameters:: Parameters that are fundamental. |
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969 * Position Parameters:: The position of the frame on the screen. |
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970 * Size Parameters:: Frame's size. |
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971 * Layout Parameters:: Size of parts of the frame, and |
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972 enabling or disabling some parts. |
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973 * Buffer Parameters:: Which buffers have been or should be shown. |
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974 * Management Parameters:: Communicating with the window manager. |
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975 * Cursor Parameters:: Controlling the cursor appearance. |
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976 * Color Parameters:: Colors of various parts of the frame. |
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977 |
6451 | 978 Positions |
979 | |
980 * Point:: The special position where editing takes place. | |
981 * Motion:: Changing point. | |
982 * Excursions:: Temporary motion and buffer changes. | |
983 * Narrowing:: Restricting editing to a portion of the buffer. | |
984 | |
985 Motion | |
986 | |
987 * Character Motion:: Moving in terms of characters. | |
988 * Word Motion:: Moving in terms of words. | |
989 * Buffer End Motion:: Moving to the beginning or end of the buffer. | |
990 * Text Lines:: Moving in terms of lines of text. | |
991 * Screen Lines:: Moving in terms of lines as displayed. | |
992 * List Motion:: Moving by parsing lists and sexps. | |
993 * Skipping Characters:: Skipping characters belonging to a certain set. | |
994 | |
995 Markers | |
996 | |
997 * Overview of Markers:: The components of a marker, and how it relocates. | |
998 * Predicates on Markers:: Testing whether an object is a marker. | |
999 * Creating Markers:: Making empty markers or markers at certain places. | |
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1000 * Information from Markers::Finding the marker's buffer or character |
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1001 position. |
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1002 * Marker Insertion Types:: Two ways a marker can relocate when you |
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1003 insert where it points. |
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1004 * Moving Markers:: Moving the marker to a new buffer or position. |
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1005 * The Mark:: How "the mark" is implemented with a marker. |
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1006 * The Region:: How to access "the region". |
6451 | 1007 |
1008 Text | |
1009 | |
1010 * Near Point:: Examining text in the vicinity of point. | |
1011 * Buffer Contents:: Examining text in a general fashion. | |
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1012 * Comparing Text:: Comparing substrings of buffers. |
6451 | 1013 * Insertion:: Adding new text to a buffer. |
1014 * Commands for Insertion:: User-level commands to insert text. | |
1015 * Deletion:: Removing text from a buffer. | |
1016 * User-Level Deletion:: User-level commands to delete text. | |
1017 * The Kill Ring:: Where removed text sometimes is saved for | |
1018 later use. | |
1019 * Undo:: Undoing changes to the text of a buffer. | |
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1020 * Maintaining Undo:: How to enable and disable undo information. |
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1021 How to control how much information is kept. |
6451 | 1022 * Filling:: Functions for explicit filling. |
12098 | 1023 * Margins:: How to specify margins for filling commands. |
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1024 * Adaptive Fill:: Adaptive Fill mode chooses a fill prefix |
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1025 from context. |
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1026 * Auto Filling:: How auto-fill mode is implemented to break lines. |
6451 | 1027 * Sorting:: Functions for sorting parts of the buffer. |
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1028 * Columns:: Computing horizontal positions, and using them. |
6451 | 1029 * Indentation:: Functions to insert or adjust indentation. |
1030 * Case Changes:: Case conversion of parts of the buffer. | |
15725 | 1031 * Text Properties:: Assigning Lisp property lists to text characters. |
6451 | 1032 * Substitution:: Replacing a given character wherever it appears. |
15725 | 1033 * Transposition:: Swapping two portions of a buffer. |
6451 | 1034 * Registers:: How registers are implemented. Accessing |
1035 the text or position stored in a register. | |
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1036 * Base 64:: Conversion to or from base 64 encoding. |
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1037 * MD5 Checksum:: Compute the MD5 "message digest"/"checksum". |
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1038 * Atomic Changes:: Installing several buffer changes "atomically". |
15725 | 1039 * Change Hooks:: Supplying functions to be run when text is changed. |
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1040 |
6451 | 1041 The Kill Ring |
1042 | |
1043 * Kill Ring Concepts:: What text looks like in the kill ring. | |
1044 * Kill Functions:: Functions that kill text. | |
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1045 * Yanking:: How yanking is done. |
6451 | 1046 * Yank Commands:: Commands that access the kill ring. |
12067 | 1047 * Low-Level Kill Ring:: Functions and variables for kill ring access. |
6451 | 1048 * Internals of Kill Ring:: Variables that hold kill-ring data. |
1049 | |
1050 Indentation | |
1051 | |
1052 * Primitive Indent:: Functions used to count and insert indentation. | |
1053 * Mode-Specific Indent:: Customize indentation for different modes. | |
1054 * Region Indent:: Indent all the lines in a region. | |
1055 * Relative Indent:: Indent the current line based on previous lines. | |
1056 * Indent Tabs:: Adjustable, typewriter-like tab stops. | |
1057 * Motion by Indent:: Move to first non-blank character. | |
1058 | |
15725 | 1059 Text Properties |
1060 | |
1061 * Examining Properties:: Looking at the properties of one character. | |
1062 * Changing Properties:: Setting the properties of a range of text. | |
1063 * Property Search:: Searching for where a property changes value. | |
1064 * Special Properties:: Particular properties with special meanings. | |
1065 * Format Properties:: Properties for representing formatting of text. | |
1066 * Sticky Properties:: How inserted text gets properties from | |
1067 neighboring text. | |
1068 * Saving Properties:: Saving text properties in files, and reading | |
1069 them back. | |
1070 * Lazy Properties:: Computing text properties in a lazy fashion | |
1071 only when text is examined. | |
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1072 * Clickable Text:: Using text properties to make regions of text |
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1073 do something when you click on them. |
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1074 * Links and Mouse-1:: How to make @key{Mouse-1} follow a link. |
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1075 * Fields:: The @code{field} property defines |
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1076 fields within the buffer. |
15725 | 1077 * Not Intervals:: Why text properties do not use |
1078 Lisp-visible text intervals. | |
1079 | |
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1080 Non-ASCII Characters |
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1081 |
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1082 * Text Representations:: Unibyte and multibyte representations |
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1083 * Converting Representations:: Converting unibyte to multibyte and vice versa. |
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1084 * Selecting a Representation:: Treating a byte sequence as unibyte or multi. |
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1085 * Character Codes:: How unibyte and multibyte relate to |
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1086 codes of individual characters. |
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1087 * Character Sets:: The space of possible character codes |
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1088 is divided into various character sets. |
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1089 * Chars and Bytes:: More information about multibyte encodings. |
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1090 * Splitting Characters:: Converting a character to its byte sequence. |
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1091 * Scanning Charsets:: Which character sets are used in a buffer? |
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1092 * Translation of Characters:: Translation tables are used for conversion. |
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1093 * Coding Systems:: Coding systems are conversions for saving files. |
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1094 * Input Methods:: Input methods allow users to enter various |
40834 | 1095 non-ASCII characters without special keyboards. |
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1096 * Locales:: Interacting with the POSIX locale. |
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1097 |
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1098 Coding Systems |
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1099 |
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1100 * Coding System Basics:: Basic concepts. |
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1101 * Encoding and I/O:: How file I/O functions handle coding systems. |
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1102 * Lisp and Coding Systems:: Functions to operate on coding system names. |
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1103 * User-Chosen Coding Systems:: Asking the user to choose a coding system. |
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1104 * Default Coding Systems:: Controlling the default choices. |
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1105 * Specifying Coding Systems:: Requesting a particular coding system |
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1106 for a single file operation. |
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1107 * Explicit Encoding:: Encoding or decoding text without doing I/O. |
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1108 * Terminal I/O Encoding:: Use of encoding for terminal I/O. |
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1109 * MS-DOS File Types:: How DOS "text" and "binary" files |
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1110 relate to coding systems. |
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1111 |
6451 | 1112 Searching and Matching |
1113 | |
1114 * String Search:: Search for an exact match. | |
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1115 * Searching and Case:: Case-independent or case-significant searching. |
6451 | 1116 * Regular Expressions:: Describing classes of strings. |
1117 * Regexp Search:: Searching for a match for a regexp. | |
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1118 * POSIX Regexps:: Searching POSIX-style for the longest match. |
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1119 * Match Data:: Finding out which part of the text matched, |
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1120 after a string or regexp search. |
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1121 * Search and Replace:: Commands that loop, searching and replacing. |
6451 | 1122 * Standard Regexps:: Useful regexps for finding sentences, pages,... |
1123 | |
1124 Regular Expressions | |
1125 | |
1126 * Syntax of Regexps:: Rules for writing regular expressions. | |
1127 * Regexp Example:: Illustrates regular expression syntax. | |
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1128 * Regexp Functions:: Functions for operating on regular expressions. |
6451 | 1129 |
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1130 Syntax of Regular Expressions |
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1131 |
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1132 * Regexp Special:: Special characters in regular expressions. |
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1133 * Char Classes:: Character classes used in regular expressions. |
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1134 * Regexp Backslash:: Backslash-sequences in regular expressions. |
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1135 |
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1136 The Match Data |
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1137 |
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1138 * Replacing Match:: Replacing a substring that was matched. |
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1139 * Simple Match Data:: Accessing single items of match data, |
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1140 such as where a particular subexpression started. |
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1141 * Entire Match Data:: Accessing the entire match data at once, as a list. |
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1142 * Saving Match Data:: Saving and restoring the match data. |
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1143 |
6451 | 1144 Syntax Tables |
1145 | |
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1146 * Syntax Basics:: Basic concepts of syntax tables. |
6451 | 1147 * Syntax Descriptors:: How characters are classified. |
1148 * Syntax Table Functions:: How to create, examine and alter syntax tables. | |
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1149 * Syntax Properties:: Overriding syntax with text properties. |
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1150 * Motion and Syntax:: Moving over characters with certain syntaxes. |
6451 | 1151 * Parsing Expressions:: Parsing balanced expressions |
1152 using the syntax table. | |
1153 * Standard Syntax Tables:: Syntax tables used by various major modes. | |
1154 * Syntax Table Internals:: How syntax table information is stored. | |
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1155 * Categories:: Another way of classifying character syntax. |
6451 | 1156 |
1157 Syntax Descriptors | |
1158 | |
1159 * Syntax Class Table:: Table of syntax classes. | |
1160 * Syntax Flags:: Additional flags each character can have. | |
1161 | |
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1162 Parsing Expressions |
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1163 |
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1164 * Motion via Parsing:: Motion functions that work by parsing. |
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1165 * Position Parse:: Determining the syntactic state of a position. |
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1166 * Parser State:: How Emacs represents a syntactic state. |
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1167 * Low-Level Parsing:: Parsing across a specified region. |
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1168 * Control Parsing:: Parameters that affect parsing. |
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1169 |
6451 | 1170 Abbrevs And Abbrev Expansion |
1171 | |
1172 * Abbrev Mode:: Setting up Emacs for abbreviation. | |
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1173 * Abbrev Tables:: Creating and working with abbrev tables. |
6451 | 1174 * Defining Abbrevs:: Specifying abbreviations and their expansions. |
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1175 * Abbrev Files:: Saving abbrevs in files. |
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1176 * Abbrev Expansion:: Controlling expansion; expansion subroutines. |
6451 | 1177 * Standard Abbrev Tables:: Abbrev tables used by various major modes. |
1178 | |
1179 Processes | |
1180 | |
1181 * Subprocess Creation:: Functions that start subprocesses. | |
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1182 * Shell Arguments:: Quoting an argument to pass it to a shell. |
6451 | 1183 * Synchronous Processes:: Details of using synchronous subprocesses. |
1184 * Asynchronous Processes:: Starting up an asynchronous subprocess. | |
1185 * Deleting Processes:: Eliminating an asynchronous subprocess. | |
1186 * Process Information:: Accessing run-status and other attributes. | |
1187 * Input to Processes:: Sending input to an asynchronous subprocess. | |
1188 * Signals to Processes:: Stopping, continuing or interrupting | |
1189 an asynchronous subprocess. | |
1190 * Output from Processes:: Collecting output from an asynchronous subprocess. | |
1191 * Sentinels:: Sentinels run when process run-status changes. | |
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1192 * Query Before Exit:: Whether to query if exiting will kill a process. |
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1193 * Transaction Queues:: Transaction-based communication with subprocesses. |
12098 | 1194 * Network:: Opening network connections. |
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1195 * Network Servers:: Network servers let Emacs accept net connections. |
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1196 * Datagrams:: UDP network connections. |
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1197 * Low-Level Network:: Lower-level but more general function |
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1198 to create connections and servers. |
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1199 * Misc Network:: Additional relevant functions for network connections. |
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1200 * Byte Packing:: Using bindat to pack and unpack binary data. |
6451 | 1201 |
1202 Receiving Output from Processes | |
1203 | |
1204 * Process Buffers:: If no filter, output is put in a buffer. | |
1205 * Filter Functions:: Filter functions accept output from the process. | |
52157 | 1206 * Decoding Output:: Filters can get unibyte or multibyte strings. |
6451 | 1207 * Accepting Output:: How to wait until process output arrives. |
1208 | |
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1209 Low-Level Network Access |
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1210 |
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1211 * Proc: Network Processes. Using @code{make-network-process}. |
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1212 * Options: Network Options. Further control over network connections. |
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1213 * Features: Network Feature Testing. |
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1214 Determining which network features work on |
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1215 the machine you are using. |
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1216 |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1217 Packing and Unpacking Byte Arrays |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
1218 |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1219 * Bindat Spec:: Describing data layout. |
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(Top): Update the top-level menus.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1220 * Bindat Functions:: Doing the unpacking and packing. |
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(Top): Update the top-level menus.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1221 * Bindat Examples:: Samples of what bindat.el can do for you! |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1222 |
62244
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(Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
62225
diff
changeset
|
1223 Emacs Display |
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(Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
62225
diff
changeset
|
1224 |
1053cf8f89ea
(Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
62225
diff
changeset
|
1225 * Refresh Screen:: Clearing the screen and redrawing everything on it. |
1053cf8f89ea
(Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
62225
diff
changeset
|
1226 * Forcing Redisplay:: Forcing redisplay. |
1053cf8f89ea
(Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
62225
diff
changeset
|
1227 * Truncation:: Folding or wrapping long text lines. |
63958
180214c3bcc9
(Top): Update subnode menu for Display.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63646
diff
changeset
|
1228 * The Echo Area:: Displaying messages at the bottom of the screen. |
62244
1053cf8f89ea
(Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
62225
diff
changeset
|
1229 * Warnings:: Displaying warning messages for the user. |
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(Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
62225
diff
changeset
|
1230 * Invisible Text:: Hiding part of the buffer text. |
63958
180214c3bcc9
(Top): Update subnode menu for Display.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63646
diff
changeset
|
1231 * Selective Display:: Hiding part of the buffer text (the old way). |
62244
1053cf8f89ea
(Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
62225
diff
changeset
|
1232 * Temporary Displays:: Displays that go away automatically. |
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(Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
62225
diff
changeset
|
1233 * Overlays:: Use overlays to highlight parts of the buffer. |
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(Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
62225
diff
changeset
|
1234 * Width:: How wide a character or string is on the screen. |
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(Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
62225
diff
changeset
|
1235 * Line Height:: Controlling the height of lines. |
1053cf8f89ea
(Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
62225
diff
changeset
|
1236 * Faces:: A face defines a graphics style |
1053cf8f89ea
(Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
62225
diff
changeset
|
1237 for text characters: font, colors, etc. |
1053cf8f89ea
(Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
62225
diff
changeset
|
1238 * Fringes:: Controlling window fringes. |
1053cf8f89ea
(Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
62225
diff
changeset
|
1239 * Scroll Bars:: Controlling vertical scroll bars. |
1053cf8f89ea
(Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
62225
diff
changeset
|
1240 * Display Property:: Enabling special display features. |
1053cf8f89ea
(Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
62225
diff
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|
1241 * Images:: Displaying images in Emacs buffers. |
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(Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
62225
diff
changeset
|
1242 * Buttons:: Adding clickable buttons to Emacs buffers. |
71010
278ae27a2594
(Top): Add "Abstract Display" to menu.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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|
1243 * Abstract Display:: Emacs' Widget for Object Collections. |
62244
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(Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
62225
diff
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|
1244 * Blinking:: How Emacs shows the matching open parenthesis. |
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(Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
62225
diff
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|
1245 * Usual Display:: The usual conventions for displaying nonprinting chars. |
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(Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
62225
diff
changeset
|
1246 * Display Tables:: How to specify other conventions. |
1053cf8f89ea
(Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
62225
diff
changeset
|
1247 * Beeping:: Audible signal to the user. |
1053cf8f89ea
(Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
62225
diff
changeset
|
1248 * Window Systems:: Which window system is being used. |
1053cf8f89ea
(Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
62225
diff
changeset
|
1249 |
75615
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|
1250 The Echo Area |
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|
1251 |
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|
1252 * Displaying Messages:: Explicitly displaying text in the echo area. |
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|
1253 * Progress:: Informing user about progress of a long operation. |
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parents:
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diff
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|
1254 * Logging Messages:: Echo area messages are logged for the user. |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1255 * Echo Area Customization:: Controlling the echo area. |
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(Top): Update the top-level menus.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1256 |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1257 Reporting Warnings |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1258 |
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(Top): Update the top-level menus.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1259 * Warning Basics:: Warnings concepts and functions to report them. |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1260 * Warning Variables:: Variables programs bind to customize their warnings. |
fe256e8523f2
(Top): Update the top-level menus.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1261 * Warning Options:: Variables users set to control display of warnings. |
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(Top): Update the top-level menus.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1262 |
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(Top): Update the top-level menus.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1263 Overlays |
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|
1264 |
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parents:
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diff
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|
1265 * Managing Overlays:: Creating and moving overlays. |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1266 * Overlay Properties:: How to read and set properties. |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1267 What properties do to the screen display. |
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|
1268 * Finding Overlays:: Searching for overlays. |
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parents:
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diff
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|
1269 |
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(Top): Update the top-level menus.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1270 Faces |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
1271 |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1272 * Defining Faces:: How to define a face with @code{defface}. |
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(Top): Update the top-level menus.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1273 * Face Attributes:: What is in a face? |
fe256e8523f2
(Top): Update the top-level menus.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1274 * Attribute Functions:: Functions to examine and set face attributes. |
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(Top): Update the top-level menus.
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parents:
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|
1275 * Displaying Faces:: How Emacs combines the faces specified for |
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(Top): Update the top-level menus.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1276 a character. |
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parents:
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|
1277 * Font Selection:: Finding the best available font for a face. |
fe256e8523f2
(Top): Update the top-level menus.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1278 * Face Functions:: How to define and examine faces. |
fe256e8523f2
(Top): Update the top-level menus.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1279 * Auto Faces:: Hook for automatic face assignment. |
fe256e8523f2
(Top): Update the top-level menus.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1280 * Font Lookup:: Looking up the names of available fonts |
fe256e8523f2
(Top): Update the top-level menus.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1281 and information about them. |
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(Top): Update the top-level menus.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1282 * Fontsets:: A fontset is a collection of fonts |
fe256e8523f2
(Top): Update the top-level menus.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
1283 that handle a range of character sets. |
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(Top): Update the top-level menus.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1284 |
fe256e8523f2
(Top): Update the top-level menus.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1285 Fringes |
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parents:
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|
1286 |
fe256e8523f2
(Top): Update the top-level menus.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1287 * Fringe Size/Pos:: Specifying where to put the window fringes. |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1288 * Fringe Indicators:: Displaying indicator icons in the window fringes. |
fe256e8523f2
(Top): Update the top-level menus.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1289 * Fringe Cursors:: Displaying cursors in the right fringe. |
fe256e8523f2
(Top): Update the top-level menus.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1290 * Fringe Bitmaps:: Specifying bitmaps for fringe indicators. |
fe256e8523f2
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1291 * Customizing Bitmaps:: Specifying your own bitmaps to use in the fringes. |
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parents:
75533
diff
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|
1292 * Overlay Arrow:: Display of an arrow to indicate position. |
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|
1293 |
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|
1294 The @code{display} Property |
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|
1295 |
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(Top): Update the top-level menus.
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parents:
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|
1296 * Specified Space:: Displaying one space with a specified width. |
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(Top): Update the top-level menus.
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diff
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|
1297 * Pixel Specification:: Specifying space width or height in pixels. |
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|
1298 * Other Display Specs:: Displaying an image; magnifying text; moving it |
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|
1299 up or down on the page; adjusting the width |
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|
1300 of spaces within text. |
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(Top): Update the top-level menus.
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|
1301 * Display Margins:: Displaying text or images to the side of |
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|
1302 the main text. |
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|
1303 |
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|
1304 Images |
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|
1305 |
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|
1306 * Image Descriptors:: How to specify an image for use in @code{:display}. |
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|
1307 * XBM Images:: Special features for XBM format. |
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|
1308 * XPM Images:: Special features for XPM format. |
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|
1309 * GIF Images:: Special features for GIF format. |
76828 | 1310 * PostScript Images:: Special features for PostScript format. |
75615
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|
1311 * Other Image Types:: Various other formats are supported. |
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|
1312 * Defining Images:: Convenient ways to define an image for later use. |
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|
1313 * Showing Images:: Convenient ways to display an image once |
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|
1314 it is defined. |
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|
1315 * Image Cache:: Internal mechanisms of image display. |
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|
1316 |
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|
1317 Buttons |
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|
1318 |
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|
1319 * Button Properties:: Button properties with special meanings. |
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|
1320 * Button Types:: Defining common properties for classes of buttons. |
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|
1321 * Making Buttons:: Adding buttons to Emacs buffers. |
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|
1322 * Manipulating Buttons:: Getting and setting properties of buttons. |
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|
1323 * Button Buffer Commands:: Buffer-wide commands and bindings for buttons. |
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|
1324 |
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|
1325 Abstract Display |
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|
1326 |
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|
1327 * Abstract Display Functions:: Functions in the Ewoc package. |
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|
1328 * Abstract Display Example:: Example of using Ewoc. |
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1329 |
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|
1330 Display Tables |
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|
1331 |
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|
1332 * Display Table Format:: What a display table consists of. |
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|
1333 * Active Display Table:: How Emacs selects a display table to use. |
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1334 * Glyphs:: How to define a glyph, and what glyphs mean. |
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1335 |
6451 | 1336 Operating System Interface |
1337 | |
1338 * Starting Up:: Customizing Emacs start-up processing. | |
1339 * Getting Out:: How exiting works (permanent or temporary). | |
1340 * System Environment:: Distinguish the name and kind of system. | |
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1341 * User Identification:: Finding the name and user id of the user. |
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1342 * Time of Day:: Getting the current time. |
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1343 * Time Conversion:: Converting a time from numeric form to a string, or |
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1344 to calendrical data (or vice versa). |
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1345 * Time Parsing:: Converting a time from numeric form to text |
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1346 and vice versa. |
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1347 * Processor Run Time:: Getting the run time used by Emacs. |
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1348 * Time Calculations:: Adding, subtracting, comparing times, etc. |
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1349 * Timers:: Setting a timer to call a function at a certain time. |
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1350 * Idle Timers:: Setting a timer to call a function when Emacs has |
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1351 been idle for a certain length of time. |
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1352 * Terminal Input:: Accessing and recording terminal input. |
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1353 * Terminal Output:: Controlling and recording terminal output. |
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1354 * Sound Output:: Playing sounds on the computer's speaker. |
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1355 * X11 Keysyms:: Operating on key symbols for X Windows |
6451 | 1356 * Batch Mode:: Running Emacs without terminal interaction. |
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1357 * Session Management:: Saving and restoring state with X Session Management. |
6451 | 1358 |
1359 Starting Up Emacs | |
1360 | |
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1361 * Startup Summary:: Sequence of actions Emacs performs at start-up. |
6451 | 1362 * Init File:: Details on reading the init file (@file{.emacs}). |
1363 * Terminal-Specific:: How the terminal-specific Lisp file is read. | |
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1364 * Command-Line Arguments:: How command-line arguments are processed, |
6451 | 1365 and how you can customize them. |
1366 | |
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1367 Getting Out of Emacs |
6451 | 1368 |
1369 * Killing Emacs:: Exiting Emacs irreversibly. | |
1370 * Suspending Emacs:: Exiting Emacs reversibly. | |
1371 | |
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1372 Terminal Input |
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1373 |
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1374 * Input Modes:: Options for how input is processed. |
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1375 * Recording Input:: Saving histories of recent or all input events. |
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1376 |
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1377 Tips and Conventions |
6451 | 1378 |
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1379 * Coding Conventions:: Conventions for clean and robust programs. |
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1380 * Key Binding Conventions:: Which keys should be bound by which programs. |
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1381 * Programming Tips:: Making Emacs code fit smoothly in Emacs. |
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1382 * Compilation Tips:: Making compiled code run fast. |
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1383 * Warning Tips:: Turning off compiler warnings. |
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1384 * Documentation Tips:: Writing readable documentation strings. |
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1385 * Comment Tips:: Conventions for writing comments. |
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1386 * Library Headers:: Standard headers for library packages. |
6451 | 1387 |
1388 GNU Emacs Internals | |
1389 | |
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1390 * Building Emacs:: How the dumped Emacs is made. |
6451 | 1391 * Pure Storage:: A kludge to make preloaded Lisp functions sharable. |
1392 * Garbage Collection:: Reclaiming space for Lisp objects no longer used. | |
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1393 * Memory Usage:: Info about total size of Lisp objects made so far. |
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1394 * Writing Emacs Primitives:: Writing C code for Emacs. |
6451 | 1395 * Object Internals:: Data formats of buffers, windows, processes. |
1396 | |
1397 Object Internals | |
1398 | |
1399 * Buffer Internals:: Components of a buffer structure. | |
1400 * Window Internals:: Components of a window structure. | |
1401 * Process Internals:: Components of a process structure. | |
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1402 @end detailmenu |
6451 | 1403 @end menu |
1404 | |
1405 @include intro.texi | |
1406 @include objects.texi | |
1407 @include numbers.texi | |
1408 @include strings.texi | |
1409 | |
1410 @include lists.texi | |
1411 @include sequences.texi | |
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1412 @include hash.texi |
6451 | 1413 @include symbols.texi |
1414 @include eval.texi | |
1415 | |
1416 @include control.texi | |
1417 @include variables.texi | |
1418 @include functions.texi | |
1419 @include macros.texi | |
1420 | |
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1421 @include customize.texi |
6451 | 1422 @include loading.texi |
1423 @include compile.texi | |
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1424 @include advice.texi |
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1425 |
6451 | 1426 @include debugging.texi |
1427 @include streams.texi | |
1428 @include minibuf.texi | |
1429 @include commands.texi | |
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1430 |
6451 | 1431 @include keymaps.texi |
1432 @include modes.texi | |
1433 @include help.texi | |
1434 @include files.texi | |
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1435 |
6451 | 1436 @include backups.texi |
1437 @include buffers.texi | |
1438 @include windows.texi | |
1439 @include frames.texi | |
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1440 |
6451 | 1441 @include positions.texi |
1442 @include markers.texi | |
1443 @include text.texi | |
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1444 @include nonascii.texi |
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1445 |
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1446 @include searching.texi |
6451 | 1447 @include syntax.texi |
1448 @include abbrevs.texi | |
1449 @include processes.texi | |
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1450 |
6451 | 1451 @include display.texi |
26211 | 1452 @include os.texi |
6451 | 1453 |
1454 @c MOVE to Emacs Manual: include misc-modes.texi | |
1455 | |
1456 @c appendices | |
1457 | |
1458 @c REMOVE this: include non-hacker.texi | |
1459 | |
25875 | 1460 @include anti.texi |
29116 | 1461 @include doclicense.texi |
1462 @include gpl.texi | |
6451 | 1463 @include tips.texi |
1464 @include internals.texi | |
1465 @include errors.texi | |
1466 @include locals.texi | |
1467 @include maps.texi | |
1468 @include hooks.texi | |
1469 | |
1470 @include index.texi | |
1471 | |
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1472 @ignore |
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1473 @node New Symbols, , Index, Top |
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1474 @unnumbered New Symbols Since the Previous Edition |
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1475 |
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1476 @printindex tp |
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1477 @end ignore |
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1478 |
6451 | 1479 @bye |
1480 | |
1481 | |
1482 These words prevent "local variables" above from confusing Emacs. | |
52401 | 1483 |
1484 @ignore | |
1485 arch-tag: f7e9a219-a0e1-4776-b631-08eaa1d49b34 | |
1486 @end ignore |