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annotate man/glossary.texi @ 40484:2e6c799155b3
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author | Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> |
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date | Tue, 30 Oct 2001 06:00:10 +0000 |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
39287 | 2 @c Copyright (C) 1985,86,87,93,94,95,1997,2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 3 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
4 @node Glossary, Key Index, Intro, Top | |
5 @unnumbered Glossary | |
6 | |
7 @table @asis | |
8 @item Abbrev | |
9 An abbrev is a text string which expands into a different text string | |
10 when present in the buffer. For example, you might define a few letters | |
11 as an abbrev for a long phrase that you want to insert frequently. | |
12 @xref{Abbrevs}. | |
13 | |
14 @item Aborting | |
15 Aborting means getting out of a recursive edit (q.v.@:). The | |
16 commands @kbd{C-]} and @kbd{M-x top-level} are used for this. | |
17 @xref{Quitting}. | |
18 | |
19 @item Alt | |
20 Alt is the name of a modifier bit which a keyboard input character may | |
21 have. To make a character Alt, type it while holding down the @key{ALT} | |
22 key. Such characters are given names that start with @kbd{Alt-} | |
23 (usually written @kbd{A-} for short). (Note that many terminals have a | |
24 key labeled @key{ALT} which is really a @key{META} key.) @xref{User | |
25 Input, Alt}. | |
26 | |
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27 @item Argument |
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28 See `numeric argument.' |
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29 |
25829 | 30 @item ASCII character |
31 An ASCII character is either an ASCII control character or an ASCII | |
32 printing character. @xref{User Input}. | |
33 | |
34 @item ASCII control character | |
35 An ASCII control character is the Control version of an upper-case | |
36 letter, or the Control version of one of the characters @samp{@@[\]^_?}. | |
37 | |
38 @item ASCII printing character | |
39 ASCII printing characters include letters, digits, space, and these | |
40 punctuation characters: @samp{!@@#$%^& *()_-+=|\~` @{@}[]:;"' <>,.?/}. | |
41 | |
42 @item Auto Fill Mode | |
43 Auto Fill mode is a minor mode in which text that you insert is | |
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44 automatically broken into lines of a given maximum width. |
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45 @xref{Filling}. |
25829 | 46 |
47 @item Auto Saving | |
48 Auto saving is the practice of saving the contents of an Emacs buffer in | |
49 a specially-named file, so that the information will not be lost if the | |
50 buffer is lost due to a system error or user error. @xref{Auto Save}. | |
51 | |
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52 @item Autoloading |
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53 Emacs automatically loads Lisp libraries when a Lisp program requests a |
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54 function or a variable from those libraries. This is called |
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55 `autoloading'. @xref{Lisp Libraries}. |
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56 |
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57 @item Backtrace |
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58 A backtrace is a trace of a series of function calls showing how a |
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59 program arrived to a certain point. It is used mainly for finding and |
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60 correcting bugs (q.v.@:). Emacs can display a backtrace when it signals |
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61 an error or when you type @kbd{C-g} (see `quitting'). @xref{Checklist}. |
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62 |
25829 | 63 @item Backup File |
64 A backup file records the contents that a file had before the current | |
65 editing session. Emacs makes backup files automatically to help you | |
66 track down or cancel changes you later regret making. @xref{Backup}. | |
67 | |
68 @item Balance Parentheses | |
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69 Emacs can balance parentheses (or other matching delimiters) either |
38745 | 70 manually or automatically. You do manual balancing with the commands |
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71 to move over parenthetical groupings (@pxref{Moving by Parens}). |
38745 | 72 Automatic balancing works by blinking or highlighting the delimiter |
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73 that matches the one you just inserted (@pxref{Matching,,Matching |
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74 Parens}). |
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75 |
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76 @item Balanced Expressions |
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77 A balanced expression is a syntactically recognizable expression, such |
38745 | 78 as a symbol, number, string constant, block, or parenthesized expression |
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79 in C. @xref{Expressions,Balanced Expressions}. |
25829 | 80 |
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81 @item Balloon Help |
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82 See `tooltips.' |
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83 |
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84 @item Base Buffer |
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85 A base buffer is a buffer whose text is shared by an indirect buffer |
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86 (q.v.@:). |
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87 |
25829 | 88 @item Bind |
89 To bind a key sequence means to give it a binding (q.v.@:). | |
90 @xref{Rebinding}. | |
91 | |
92 @item Binding | |
93 A key sequence gets its meaning in Emacs by having a binding, which is a | |
94 command (q.v.@:), a Lisp function that is run when the user types that | |
95 sequence. @xref{Commands,Binding}. Customization often involves | |
96 rebinding a character to a different command function. The bindings of | |
97 all key sequences are recorded in the keymaps (q.v.@:). @xref{Keymaps}. | |
98 | |
99 @item Blank Lines | |
100 Blank lines are lines that contain only whitespace. Emacs has several | |
101 commands for operating on the blank lines in the buffer. | |
102 | |
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103 @item Bookmark |
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104 Bookmarks are akin to registers (q.v.@:) in that they record positions |
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105 in buffers to which you can return later. Unlike registers, bookmarks |
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106 persist between Emacs sessions. |
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107 |
25829 | 108 @item Buffer |
109 The buffer is the basic editing unit; one buffer corresponds to one text | |
110 being edited. You can have several buffers, but at any time you are | |
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111 editing only one, the `current buffer,' though several can be visible |
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112 when you are using multiple windows (q.v.@:). Most buffers are visiting |
25829 | 113 (q.v.@:) some file. @xref{Buffers}. |
114 | |
115 @item Buffer Selection History | |
116 Emacs keeps a buffer selection history which records how recently each | |
117 Emacs buffer has been selected. This is used for choosing a buffer to | |
118 select. @xref{Buffers}. | |
119 | |
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120 @item Bug |
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121 A bug is an incorrect or unreasonable behavior of a program, or |
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122 inaccurate or confusing documentation. Emacs developers treat bug |
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123 reports, both in Emacs code and its documentation, very seriously and |
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124 ask you to report any bugs you find. @xref{Bugs}. |
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125 |
25829 | 126 @item Button Down Event |
127 A button down event is the kind of input event generated right away when | |
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128 you press down on a mouse button. @xref{Mouse Buttons}. |
25829 | 129 |
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130 @item By Default |
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131 See `default.' |
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132 |
25829 | 133 @item @kbd{C-} |
134 @kbd{C-} in the name of a character is an abbreviation for Control. | |
135 @xref{User Input,C-}. | |
136 | |
137 @item @kbd{C-M-} | |
138 @kbd{C-M-} in the name of a character is an abbreviation for | |
139 Control-Meta. @xref{User Input,C-M-}. | |
140 | |
141 @item Case Conversion | |
142 Case conversion means changing text from upper case to lower case or | |
143 vice versa. @xref{Case}, for the commands for case conversion. | |
144 | |
145 @item Character | |
146 Characters form the contents of an Emacs buffer; see @ref{Text | |
147 Characters}. Also, key sequences (q.v.@:) are usually made up of | |
148 characters (though they may include other input events as well). | |
149 @xref{User Input}. | |
150 | |
151 @item Character Set | |
152 Emacs supports a number of character sets, each of which represents a | |
153 particular alphabet or script. @xref{International}. | |
154 | |
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155 @item Character Terminal |
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156 See `text-only terminal.' |
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157 |
25829 | 158 @item Click Event |
159 A click event is the kind of input event generated when you press a | |
160 mouse button and release it without moving the mouse. @xref{Mouse Buttons}. | |
161 | |
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162 @item Clipboard |
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163 A clipboard is a buffer provided by the window system for transferring |
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164 text between applications. On the X Window system, the clipboard is |
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165 provided in addition to the primary selection (q.v.@:); on MS-Windows, |
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166 the clipboard is used @emph{instead} of the primary selection. |
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167 @xref{Clipboard}. |
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168 |
25829 | 169 @item Coding System |
170 A coding system is an encoding for representing text characters in a | |
171 file or in a stream of information. Emacs has the ability to convert | |
172 text to or from a variety of coding systems when reading or writing it. | |
173 @xref{Coding Systems}. | |
174 | |
175 @item Command | |
176 A command is a Lisp function specially defined to be able to serve as a | |
177 key binding in Emacs. When you type a key sequence (q.v.@:), its | |
178 binding (q.v.@:) is looked up in the relevant keymaps (q.v.@:) to find | |
179 the command to run. @xref{Commands}. | |
180 | |
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181 @item Command History |
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182 See `minibuffer history.' |
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183 |
25829 | 184 @item Command Name |
185 A command name is the name of a Lisp symbol which is a command | |
186 (@pxref{Commands}). You can invoke any command by its name using | |
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187 @kbd{M-x} (@pxref{M-x,M-x,Running Commands by Name}). |
25829 | 188 |
189 @item Comment | |
190 A comment is text in a program which is intended only for humans reading | |
191 the program, and which is marked specially so that it will be ignored | |
192 when the program is loaded or compiled. Emacs offers special commands | |
193 for creating, aligning and killing comments. @xref{Comments}. | |
194 | |
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195 @item Common Lisp |
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196 Common Lisp is a dialect of Lisp (q.v.@:) much larger and more powerful |
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197 than Emacs Lisp. Emacs provides a subset of Common Lisp in the CL |
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198 package. @xref{Common Lisp,,, cl, Common Lisp Extensions}. |
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199 |
25829 | 200 @item Compilation |
201 Compilation is the process of creating an executable program from source | |
202 code. Emacs has commands for compiling files of Emacs Lisp code | |
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203 (@pxref{Byte Compilation,,, elisp, the Emacs Lisp |
25829 | 204 Reference Manual}) and programs in C and other languages |
205 (@pxref{Compilation}). | |
206 | |
207 @item Complete Key | |
208 A complete key is a key sequence which fully specifies one action to be | |
209 performed by Emacs. For example, @kbd{X} and @kbd{C-f} and @kbd{C-x m} | |
210 are complete keys. Complete keys derive their meanings from being bound | |
211 (q.v.@:) to commands (q.v.@:). Thus, @kbd{X} is conventionally bound to | |
212 a command to insert @samp{X} in the buffer; @kbd{C-x m} is | |
213 conventionally bound to a command to begin composing a mail message. | |
214 @xref{Keys}. | |
215 | |
216 @item Completion | |
217 Completion is what Emacs does when it automatically fills out an | |
218 abbreviation for a name into the entire name. Completion is done for | |
219 minibuffer (q.v.@:) arguments when the set of possible valid inputs | |
220 is known; for example, on command names, buffer names, and | |
221 file names. Completion occurs when @key{TAB}, @key{SPC} or @key{RET} | |
222 is typed. @xref{Completion}.@refill | |
223 | |
224 @item Continuation Line | |
225 When a line of text is longer than the width of the window, it | |
226 takes up more than one screen line when displayed. We say that the | |
227 text line is continued, and all screen lines used for it after the | |
228 first are called continuation lines. @xref{Basic,Continuation,Basic | |
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229 Editing}. A related Emacs feature is `filling' (q.v.@:). |
25829 | 230 |
231 @item Control Character | |
232 A control character is a character that you type by holding down the | |
233 @key{CTRL} key. Some control characters also have their own keys, so | |
234 that you can type them without using @key{CTRL}. For example, | |
235 @key{RET}, @key{TAB}, @key{ESC} and @key{DEL} are all control | |
236 characters. @xref{User Input}. | |
237 | |
238 @item Copyleft | |
239 A copyleft is a notice giving the public legal permission to | |
240 redistribute a program or other work of art. Copylefts are used by | |
241 left-wing programmers to promote freedom and cooperation, just as | |
242 copyrights are used by right-wing programmers to gain power over other | |
243 people. | |
244 | |
245 The particular form of copyleft used by the GNU project is called the | |
246 GNU General Public License. @xref{Copying}. | |
247 | |
248 @item Current Buffer | |
249 The current buffer in Emacs is the Emacs buffer on which most editing | |
250 commands operate. You can select any Emacs buffer as the current one. | |
251 @xref{Buffers}. | |
252 | |
253 @item Current Line | |
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254 The current line is a line point is on (@pxref{Point}). |
25829 | 255 |
256 @item Current Paragraph | |
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257 The current paragraph is the paragraph that point is in. If point is |
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258 between two paragraphs, the current paragraph is the one that follows |
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259 point. @xref{Paragraphs}. |
25829 | 260 |
261 @item Current Defun | |
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262 The current defun is the defun (q.v.@:) that point is in. If point is |
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263 between defuns, the current defun is the one that follows point. |
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264 @xref{Defuns}. |
25829 | 265 |
266 @item Cursor | |
267 The cursor is the rectangle on the screen which indicates the position | |
268 called point (q.v.@:) at which insertion and deletion takes place. | |
269 The cursor is on or under the character that follows point. Often | |
270 people speak of `the cursor' when, strictly speaking, they mean | |
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271 `point.' @xref{Basic,Cursor,Basic Editing}. |
25829 | 272 |
273 @item Customization | |
274 Customization is making minor changes in the way Emacs works. It is | |
275 often done by setting variables (@pxref{Variables}) or by rebinding | |
276 key sequences (@pxref{Keymaps}). | |
277 | |
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278 @cindex cut and paste |
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279 @item Cut and Paste |
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280 See `killing' and `yanking.' |
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281 |
25829 | 282 @item Default Argument |
283 The default for an argument is the value that will be assumed if you | |
284 do not specify one. When the minibuffer is used to read an argument, | |
285 the default argument is used if you just type @key{RET}. | |
286 @xref{Minibuffer}. | |
287 | |
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288 @item Default |
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289 A default is the value that is used for a certain purpose if and when |
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290 you do not specify a value to use. |
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291 |
25829 | 292 @item Default Directory |
293 When you specify a file name that does not start with @samp{/} or @samp{~}, | |
294 it is interpreted relative to the current buffer's default directory. | |
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295 (On MS-Windows and MS-DOS, file names which start with a drive letter |
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296 @samp{@var{x}:} are treated as absolute, not relative.) |
25829 | 297 @xref{Minibuffer File,Default Directory}. |
298 | |
299 @item Defun | |
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300 A defun is a major definition at the top level in a program. The name |
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302 @code{defun}. @xref{Defuns}. |
25829 | 303 |
304 @item @key{DEL} | |
305 @key{DEL} is a character that runs the command to delete one character of | |
306 text. @xref{Basic,DEL,Basic Editing}. | |
307 | |
308 @item Deletion | |
309 Deletion means erasing text without copying it into the kill ring | |
310 (q.v.@:). The alternative is killing (q.v.@:). @xref{Killing,Deletion}. | |
311 | |
312 @item Deletion of Files | |
313 Deleting a file means erasing it from the file system. | |
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314 @xref{Misc File Ops,Misc File Ops,Miscellaneous File Operations}. |
25829 | 315 |
316 @item Deletion of Messages | |
317 Deleting a message means flagging it to be eliminated from your mail | |
318 file. Until you expunge (q.v.@:) the Rmail file, you can still undelete | |
38490 | 319 the messages you have deleted. @xref{Rmail Deletion}. |
25829 | 320 |
321 @item Deletion of Windows | |
322 Deleting a window means eliminating it from the screen. Other windows | |
323 expand to use up the space. The deleted window can never come back, | |
324 but no actual text is thereby lost. @xref{Windows}. | |
325 | |
326 @item Directory | |
327 File directories are named collections in the file system, within which | |
328 you can place individual files or subdirectories. @xref{Directories}. | |
329 | |
330 @item Dired | |
331 Dired is the Emacs facility that displays the contents of a file | |
332 directory and allows you to ``edit the directory,'' performing | |
333 operations on the files in the directory. @xref{Dired}. | |
334 | |
335 @item Disabled Command | |
336 A disabled command is one that you may not run without special | |
337 confirmation. The usual reason for disabling a command is that it is | |
338 confusing for beginning users. @xref{Disabling}. | |
339 | |
340 @item Down Event | |
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341 Short for `button down event' (q.v.@:). |
25829 | 342 |
343 @item Drag Event | |
344 A drag event is the kind of input event generated when you press a mouse | |
345 button, move the mouse, and then release the button. @xref{Mouse | |
346 Buttons}. | |
347 | |
348 @item Dribble File | |
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349 A dribble file is a file into which Emacs writes all the characters that |
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350 the user types on the keyboard. Dribble files are used to make a record |
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351 for debugging Emacs bugs. Emacs does not make a dribble file unless you |
25829 | 352 tell it to. @xref{Bugs}. |
353 | |
354 @item Echo Area | |
355 The echo area is the bottom line of the screen, used for echoing the | |
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356 arguments to commands, for asking questions, and showing brief messages |
25829 | 357 (including error messages). The messages are stored in the buffer |
358 @samp{*Messages*} so you can review them later. @xref{Echo Area}. | |
359 | |
360 @item Echoing | |
361 Echoing is acknowledging the receipt of commands by displaying them (in | |
362 the echo area). Emacs never echoes single-character key sequences; | |
363 longer key sequences echo only if you pause while typing them. | |
364 | |
365 @item Electric | |
366 We say that a character is electric if it is normally self-inserting | |
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367 (q.v.@:), but the current major mode (q.v.@:) redefines it to do something |
25829 | 368 else as well. For example, some programming language major modes define |
369 particular delimiter characters to reindent the line or insert one or | |
370 more newlines in addition to self-insertion. | |
371 | |
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372 @item End Of Line |
38745 | 373 End of line is a character or a sequence of characters that indicate |
374 the end of a text line. On GNU and Unix systems, this is a newline | |
375 (q.v.@:), but other systems have other conventions. @xref{Coding | |
376 Systems,end-of-line}. Emacs can recognize several end-of-line | |
377 conventions in files and convert between them. | |
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378 |
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379 @item Environment Variable |
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380 An environment variable is one of a collection of variables stored by |
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381 the operating system, each one having a name and a value. Emacs can |
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382 access environment variables set by its parent shell, and it can set |
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383 variables in the environment it passes to programs it invokes. |
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384 @xref{Environment}. |
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385 |
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386 @item EOL |
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387 See `end of line.' |
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388 |
25829 | 389 @item Error |
390 An error occurs when an Emacs command cannot execute in the current | |
391 circumstances. When an error occurs, execution of the command stops | |
392 (unless the command has been programmed to do otherwise) and Emacs | |
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393 reports the error by displaying an error message (q.v.@:). Type-ahead |
25829 | 394 is discarded. Then Emacs is ready to read another editing command. |
395 | |
396 @item Error Message | |
397 An error message is a single line of output displayed by Emacs when the | |
398 user asks for something impossible to do (such as, killing text | |
399 forward when point is at the end of the buffer). They appear in the | |
400 echo area, accompanied by a beep. | |
401 | |
402 @item @key{ESC} | |
403 @key{ESC} is a character used as a prefix for typing Meta characters on | |
404 keyboards lacking a @key{META} key. Unlike the @key{META} key (which, | |
405 like the @key{SHIFT} key, is held down while another character is | |
406 typed), you press the @key{ESC} key as you would press a letter key, and | |
407 it applies to the next character you type. | |
408 | |
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409 @item Expression |
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410 See `balanced expression.' |
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411 |
25829 | 412 @item Expunging |
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413 Expunging an Rmail file or Dired buffer or a Gnus newsgroup buffer is an |
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414 operation that truly discards the messages or files you have previously |
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415 flagged for deletion. |
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416 |
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417 @item Face |
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418 A face is a style of displaying characters. It specifies attributes |
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419 such as font family and size, foreground and background colors, |
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420 underline and strike-through, background stipple, etc. Emacs provides |
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421 features to associate specific faces with portions of buffer text, in |
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422 order to display that text as specified by the face attributes. |
25829 | 423 |
424 @item File Locking | |
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425 Emacs uses file locking to notice when two different users |
25829 | 426 start to edit one file at the same time. @xref{Interlocking}. |
427 | |
428 @item File Name | |
429 A file name is a name that refers to a file. File names may be relative | |
430 or absolute; the meaning of a relative file name depends on the current | |
431 directory, but an absolute file name refers to the same file regardless | |
432 of which directory is current. On GNU and Unix systems, an absolute | |
433 file name starts with a slash (the root directory) or with @samp{~/} or | |
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434 @samp{~@var{user}/} (a home directory). On MS-Windows/MS-DOS, and |
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435 absolute file name can also start with a drive letter and a colon |
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436 @samp{@var{d}:}. |
25829 | 437 |
438 Some people use the term ``pathname'' for file names, but we do not; | |
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439 we use the word ``path'' only in the term ``search path'' (q.v.@:). |
25829 | 440 |
441 @item File-Name Component | |
442 A file-name component names a file directly within a particular | |
443 directory. On GNU and Unix systems, a file name is a sequence of | |
444 file-name components, separated by slashes. For example, @file{foo/bar} | |
445 is a file name containing two components, @samp{foo} and @samp{bar}; it | |
446 refers to the file named @samp{bar} in the directory named @samp{foo} in | |
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447 the current directory. MS-DOS/MS-Windows file names can also use |
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448 backslashes to separate components, as in @file{foo\bar}. |
25829 | 449 |
450 @item Fill Prefix | |
451 The fill prefix is a string that should be expected at the beginning | |
452 of each line when filling is done. It is not regarded as part of the | |
453 text to be filled. @xref{Filling}. | |
454 | |
455 @item Filling | |
456 Filling text means shifting text between consecutive lines so that all | |
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457 the lines are approximately the same length. @xref{Filling}. Some |
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458 other editors call this feature `line wrapping.' |
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459 |
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460 @item Font Lock |
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461 Font Lock is a mode that highlights parts of buffer text according to |
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462 its syntax. @xref{Font Lock}. |
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463 |
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464 @item Fontset |
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465 A fontset is a named collection of fonts. A fontset specification lists |
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466 character sets and which font to use to display each of them. Fontsets |
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467 make it easy to change several fonts at once by specifying the name of a |
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468 fontset, rather than changing each font separately. @xref{Fontsets}. |
25829 | 469 |
470 @item Formatted Text | |
471 Formatted text is text that displays with formatting information while | |
472 you edit. Formatting information includes fonts, colors, and specified | |
473 margins. @xref{Formatted Text}. | |
474 | |
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475 @item Formfeed Character |
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476 See `page.' |
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477 |
25829 | 478 @item Frame |
479 A frame is a rectangular cluster of Emacs windows. Emacs starts out | |
480 with one frame, but you can create more. You can subdivide each frame | |
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481 into Emacs windows (q.v.@:). When you are using a windowing system, all |
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482 the frames can be visible at the same time. @xref{Frames}. Some |
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483 other editors use the term ``window'' for this, but in Emacs a window |
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484 means something else. |
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485 |
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486 @item Fringe |
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487 On windowed displays, there's a narrow portion of the frame (q.v.@:) |
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488 between the text area and the window's border. Emacs displays the |
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489 fringe using a special face (q.v.@:) called @code{fringe}. |
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490 @xref{Faces,fringe}. |
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491 |
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492 @item FTP |
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493 FTP is an acronym for File Transfer Protocol. Emacs uses an FTP client |
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494 program to provide access to remote files (q.v.@:). |
25829 | 495 |
496 @item Function Key | |
497 A function key is a key on the keyboard that sends input but does not | |
498 correspond to any character. @xref{Function Keys}. | |
499 | |
500 @item Global | |
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501 Global means ``independent of the current environment; in effect |
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502 throughout Emacs.'' It is the opposite of local (q.v.@:). Particular |
25829 | 503 examples of the use of `global' appear below. |
504 | |
505 @item Global Abbrev | |
506 A global definition of an abbrev (q.v.@:) is effective in all major | |
507 modes that do not have local (q.v.@:) definitions for the same abbrev. | |
508 @xref{Abbrevs}. | |
509 | |
510 @item Global Keymap | |
511 The global keymap (q.v.@:) contains key bindings that are in effect | |
512 except when overridden by local key bindings in a major mode's local | |
513 keymap (q.v.@:). @xref{Keymaps}. | |
514 | |
515 @item Global Mark Ring | |
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516 The global mark ring records the series of buffers you have recently |
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517 set a mark (q.v.@:) in. In many cases you can use this to backtrack |
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518 through buffers you have been editing in, or in which you have found |
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519 tags (see `tags table'). @xref{Global Mark Ring}. |
25829 | 520 |
521 @item Global Substitution | |
522 Global substitution means replacing each occurrence of one string by | |
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523 another string throughout a large amount of text. @xref{Replace}. |
25829 | 524 |
525 @item Global Variable | |
526 The global value of a variable (q.v.@:) takes effect in all buffers | |
527 that do not have their own local (q.v.@:) values for the variable. | |
528 @xref{Variables}. | |
529 | |
530 @item Graphic Character | |
531 Graphic characters are those assigned pictorial images rather than | |
532 just names. All the non-Meta (q.v.@:) characters except for the | |
533 Control (q.v.@:) characters are graphic characters. These include | |
534 letters, digits, punctuation, and spaces; they do not include | |
535 @key{RET} or @key{ESC}. In Emacs, typing a graphic character inserts | |
536 that character (in ordinary editing modes). @xref{Basic,,Basic Editing}. | |
537 | |
538 @item Highlighting | |
539 Highlighting text means displaying it with a different foreground and/or | |
540 background color to make it stand out from the rest of the text in the | |
541 buffer. | |
542 | |
543 @item Hardcopy | |
544 Hardcopy means printed output. Emacs has commands for making printed | |
545 listings of text in Emacs buffers. @xref{Hardcopy}. | |
546 | |
547 @item @key{HELP} | |
548 @key{HELP} is the Emacs name for @kbd{C-h} or @key{F1}. You can type | |
549 @key{HELP} at any time to ask what options you have, or to ask what any | |
550 command does. @xref{Help}. | |
551 | |
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552 @item Help Echo |
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553 Help echo is a short message displayed in the echo area when the mouse |
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554 pointer is located on portions of display that require some |
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555 explanations. Emacs displays help echo for menu items, parts of the |
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556 mode line, tool-bar buttons, etc. On graphics displays, the messages |
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557 can be displayed as tooltips (q.v.@:). @xref{Tooltips}. |
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558 |
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559 @item Hook |
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560 A hook is a list of functions to be called on specific occasions, such |
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561 as saving a buffer in a file, major mode activation, etc. By |
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562 customizing the various hooks, you can modify Emacs's behavior without |
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563 changing any of its code. @xref{Hooks}. |
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564 |
25829 | 565 @item Hyper |
566 Hyper is the name of a modifier bit which a keyboard input character may | |
567 have. To make a character Hyper, type it while holding down the | |
568 @key{HYPER} key. Such characters are given names that start with | |
569 @kbd{Hyper-} (usually written @kbd{H-} for short). @xref{User Input, | |
570 Hyper}. | |
571 | |
572 @item Inbox | |
573 An inbox is a file in which mail is delivered by the operating system. | |
574 Rmail transfers mail from inboxes to Rmail files (q.v.@:) in which the | |
575 mail is then stored permanently or until explicitly deleted. | |
576 @xref{Rmail Inbox}. | |
577 | |
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578 @item Incremental Search |
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579 Emacs provides an incremental search facility, whereby Emacs searches |
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580 for the string as you type it. @xref{Incremental Search}. |
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581 |
25829 | 582 @item Indentation |
583 Indentation means blank space at the beginning of a line. Most | |
584 programming languages have conventions for using indentation to | |
585 illuminate the structure of the program, and Emacs has special | |
586 commands to adjust indentation. | |
587 @xref{Indentation}. | |
588 | |
589 @item Indirect Buffer | |
590 An indirect buffer is a buffer that shares the text of another buffer, | |
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591 called its base buffer (q.v.@:). @xref{Indirect Buffers}. |
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592 |
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593 @item Info |
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594 Info is the hypertext format used by the GNU project for writing |
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595 documentation. |
25829 | 596 |
597 @item Input Event | |
598 An input event represents, within Emacs, one action taken by the user on | |
599 the terminal. Input events include typing characters, typing function | |
600 keys, pressing or releasing mouse buttons, and switching between Emacs | |
601 frames. @xref{User Input}. | |
602 | |
603 @item Input Method | |
604 An input method is a system for entering non-ASCII text characters by | |
605 typing sequences of ASCII characters (q.v.@:). @xref{Input Methods}. | |
606 | |
607 @item Insertion | |
608 Insertion means copying text into the buffer, either from the keyboard | |
609 or from some other place in Emacs. | |
610 | |
611 @item Interlocking | |
612 Interlocking is a feature for warning when you start to alter a file | |
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613 that someone else is already editing. |
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614 @xref{Interlocking,Interlocking,Simultaneous Editing}. |
25829 | 615 |
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616 @item Isearch |
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617 See `incremental search.' |
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618 |
25829 | 619 @item Justification |
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620 Justification means adding extra spaces within lines of text to make |
38490 | 621 them extend exactly to a specified width. |
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622 @xref{Filling,Justification}. |
25829 | 623 |
624 @item Keyboard Macro | |
625 Keyboard macros are a way of defining new Emacs commands from | |
626 sequences of existing ones, with no need to write a Lisp program. | |
627 @xref{Keyboard Macros}. | |
628 | |
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629 @cindex keyboard shortcuts |
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630 @item Keyboard Shortcut |
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631 A keyboard shortcut is a key sequence (q.v.@:) which invokes a |
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632 command. What other programs call ``assign a keyboard shortcut'' |
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633 Emacs calls ``bind a key sequence''. See `binding.' |
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634 |
25829 | 635 @item Key Sequence |
636 A key sequence (key, for short) is a sequence of input events (q.v.@:) | |
637 that are meaningful as a single unit. If the key sequence is enough to | |
638 specify one action, it is a complete key (q.v.@:); if it is not enough, | |
639 it is a prefix key (q.v.@:). @xref{Keys}. | |
640 | |
641 @item Keymap | |
642 The keymap is the data structure that records the bindings (q.v.@:) of | |
643 key sequences to the commands that they run. For example, the global | |
644 keymap binds the character @kbd{C-n} to the command function | |
645 @code{next-line}. @xref{Keymaps}. | |
646 | |
647 @item Keyboard Translation Table | |
648 The keyboard translation table is an array that translates the character | |
649 codes that come from the terminal into the character codes that make up | |
650 key sequences. @xref{Keyboard Translations}. | |
651 | |
652 @item Kill Ring | |
653 The kill ring is where all text you have killed recently is saved. | |
654 You can reinsert any of the killed text still in the ring; this is | |
655 called yanking (q.v.@:). @xref{Yanking}. | |
656 | |
657 @item Killing | |
658 Killing means erasing text and saving it on the kill ring so it can be | |
659 yanked (q.v.@:) later. Some other systems call this ``cutting.'' | |
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660 Most Emacs commands that erase text perform killing, as opposed to |
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661 deletion (q.v.@:). @xref{Killing}. |
25829 | 662 |
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663 @item Killing a Job |
25829 | 664 Killing a job (such as, an invocation of Emacs) means making it cease |
665 to exist. Any data within it, if not saved in a file, is lost. | |
666 @xref{Exiting}. | |
667 | |
668 @item Language Environment | |
669 Your choice of language environment specifies defaults for the input | |
670 method (q.v.@:) and coding system (q.v.@:). @xref{Language | |
671 Environments}. These defaults are relevant if you edit non-ASCII text | |
672 (@pxref{International}). | |
673 | |
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674 @item Line Wrapping |
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675 See `filling.' |
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676 |
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677 @item Lisp |
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678 Lisp is a programming language. Most of Emacs is written in a dialect |
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679 of Lisp, called Emacs Lisp, that is extended with special features which |
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680 make it especially suitable for text editing tasks. |
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681 |
25829 | 682 @item List |
683 A list is, approximately, a text string beginning with an open | |
684 parenthesis and ending with the matching close parenthesis. In C mode | |
685 and other non-Lisp modes, groupings surrounded by other kinds of matched | |
686 delimiters appropriate to the language, such as braces, are also | |
687 considered lists. Emacs has special commands for many operations on | |
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688 lists. @xref{Moving by Parens}. |
25829 | 689 |
690 @item Local | |
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691 Local means ``in effect only in a particular context''; the relevant |
25829 | 692 kind of context is a particular function execution, a particular |
693 buffer, or a particular major mode. It is the opposite of `global' | |
694 (q.v.@:). Specific uses of `local' in Emacs terminology appear below. | |
695 | |
696 @item Local Abbrev | |
697 A local abbrev definition is effective only if a particular major mode | |
698 is selected. In that major mode, it overrides any global definition | |
699 for the same abbrev. @xref{Abbrevs}. | |
700 | |
701 @item Local Keymap | |
702 A local keymap is used in a particular major mode; the key bindings | |
703 (q.v.@:) in the current local keymap override global bindings of the | |
704 same key sequences. @xref{Keymaps}. | |
705 | |
706 @item Local Variable | |
707 A local value of a variable (q.v.@:) applies to only one buffer. | |
708 @xref{Locals}. | |
709 | |
710 @item @kbd{M-} | |
711 @kbd{M-} in the name of a character is an abbreviation for @key{META}, | |
712 one of the modifier keys that can accompany any character. | |
713 @xref{User Input}. | |
714 | |
715 @item @kbd{M-C-} | |
716 @kbd{M-C-} in the name of a character is an abbreviation for | |
717 Control-Meta; it means the same thing as @kbd{C-M-}. If your | |
718 terminal lacks a real @key{META} key, you type a Control-Meta character by | |
719 typing @key{ESC} and then typing the corresponding Control character. | |
720 @xref{User Input,C-M-}. | |
721 | |
722 @item @kbd{M-x} | |
723 @kbd{M-x} is the key sequence which is used to call an Emacs command by | |
724 name. This is how you run commands that are not bound to key sequences. | |
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725 @xref{M-x,M-x,Running Commands by Name}. |
25829 | 726 |
727 @item Mail | |
728 Mail means messages sent from one user to another through the computer | |
729 system, to be read at the recipient's convenience. Emacs has commands for | |
730 composing and sending mail, and for reading and editing the mail you have | |
731 received. @xref{Sending Mail}. @xref{Rmail}, for how to read mail. | |
732 | |
733 @item Mail Composition Method | |
734 A mail composition method is a program runnable within Emacs for editing | |
735 and sending a mail message. Emacs lets you select from several | |
736 alternative mail composition methods. @xref{Mail Methods}. | |
737 | |
738 @item Major Mode | |
739 The Emacs major modes are a mutually exclusive set of options, each of | |
740 which configures Emacs for editing a certain sort of text. Ideally, | |
741 each programming language has its own major mode. @xref{Major Modes}. | |
742 | |
743 @item Mark | |
744 The mark points to a position in the text. It specifies one end of the | |
745 region (q.v.@:), point being the other end. Many commands operate on | |
746 all the text from point to the mark. Each buffer has its own mark. | |
747 @xref{Mark}. | |
748 | |
749 @item Mark Ring | |
750 The mark ring is used to hold several recent previous locations of the | |
751 mark, just in case you want to move back to them. Each buffer has its | |
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752 own mark ring; in addition, there is a single global mark ring (q.v.@:). |
25829 | 753 @xref{Mark Ring}. |
754 | |
755 @item Menu Bar | |
756 The menu bar is the line at the top of an Emacs frame. It contains | |
33746 | 757 words you can click on with the mouse to bring up menus, or you can use |
758 a keyboard interface to navigate it. @xref{Menu Bars}. | |
25829 | 759 |
760 @item Message | |
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761 See `mail.' |
25829 | 762 |
763 @item Meta | |
764 Meta is the name of a modifier bit which a command character may have. | |
765 It is present in a character if the character is typed with the | |
766 @key{META} key held down. Such characters are given names that start | |
767 with @kbd{Meta-} (usually written @kbd{M-} for short). For example, | |
768 @kbd{M-<} is typed by holding down @key{META} and at the same time | |
769 typing @kbd{<} (which itself is done, on most terminals, by holding | |
770 down @key{SHIFT} and typing @kbd{,}). @xref{User Input,Meta}. | |
771 | |
772 @item Meta Character | |
773 A Meta character is one whose character code includes the Meta bit. | |
774 | |
775 @item Minibuffer | |
776 The minibuffer is the window that appears when necessary inside the | |
777 echo area (q.v.@:), used for reading arguments to commands. | |
778 @xref{Minibuffer}. | |
779 | |
780 @item Minibuffer History | |
781 The minibuffer history records the text you have specified in the past | |
782 for minibuffer arguments, so you can conveniently use the same text | |
783 again. @xref{Minibuffer History}. | |
784 | |
785 @item Minor Mode | |
786 A minor mode is an optional feature of Emacs which can be switched on | |
787 or off independently of all other features. Each minor mode has a | |
788 command to turn it on or off. @xref{Minor Modes}. | |
789 | |
790 @item Minor Mode Keymap | |
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791 A minor mode keymap is a keymap that belongs to a minor mode and is |
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792 active when that mode is enabled. Minor mode keymaps take precedence |
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793 over the buffer's local keymap, just as the local keymap takes |
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794 precedence over the global keymap. @xref{Keymaps}. |
25829 | 795 |
796 @item Mode Line | |
797 The mode line is the line at the bottom of each window (q.v.@:), giving | |
798 status information on the buffer displayed in that window. @xref{Mode | |
799 Line}. | |
800 | |
801 @item Modified Buffer | |
802 A buffer (q.v.@:) is modified if its text has been changed since the | |
803 last time the buffer was saved (or since when it was created, if it | |
804 has never been saved). @xref{Saving}. | |
805 | |
806 @item Moving Text | |
807 Moving text means erasing it from one place and inserting it in | |
808 another. The usual way to move text by killing (q.v.@:) and then | |
809 yanking (q.v.@:). @xref{Killing}. | |
810 | |
811 @item MULE | |
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812 MULE refers to the Emacs features for editing multilingual non-ASCII text |
25829 | 813 using multibyte characters (q.v.@:). @xref{International}. |
814 | |
815 @item Multibyte Character | |
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816 A multibyte character is a character that takes up several bytes in a |
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817 buffer. Emacs uses multibyte characters to represent non-ASCII text, |
25829 | 818 since the number of non-ASCII characters is much more than 256. |
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819 @xref{International Chars, International Characters}. |
25829 | 820 |
821 @item Named Mark | |
822 A named mark is a register (q.v.@:) in its role of recording a | |
823 location in text so that you can move point to that location. | |
824 @xref{Registers}. | |
825 | |
826 @item Narrowing | |
827 Narrowing means creating a restriction (q.v.@:) that limits editing in | |
828 the current buffer to only a part of the text in the buffer. Text | |
829 outside that part is inaccessible to the user until the boundaries are | |
830 widened again, but it is still there, and saving the file saves it | |
831 all. @xref{Narrowing}. | |
832 | |
833 @item Newline | |
834 Control-J characters in the buffer terminate lines of text and are | |
835 therefore also called newlines. @xref{Text Characters,Newline}. | |
836 | |
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837 @cindex nil |
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838 @cindex t |
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839 @item @code{nil} |
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840 @code{nil} is a value usually interpreted as a logical ``false.'' Its |
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841 opposite is @code{t}, interpreted as ``true.'' |
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842 |
25829 | 843 @item Numeric Argument |
844 A numeric argument is a number, specified before a command, to change | |
845 the effect of the command. Often the numeric argument serves as a | |
846 repeat count. @xref{Arguments}. | |
847 | |
848 @item Overwrite Mode | |
849 Overwrite mode is a minor mode. When it is enabled, ordinary text | |
850 characters replace the existing text after point rather than pushing | |
851 it to the right. @xref{Minor Modes}. | |
852 | |
853 @item Page | |
854 A page is a unit of text, delimited by formfeed characters (ASCII | |
855 control-L, code 014) coming at the beginning of a line. Some Emacs | |
856 commands are provided for moving over and operating on pages. | |
857 @xref{Pages}. | |
858 | |
859 @item Paragraph | |
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860 Paragraphs are the medium-size unit of human-language text. There are |
25829 | 861 special Emacs commands for moving over and operating on paragraphs. |
862 @xref{Paragraphs}. | |
863 | |
864 @item Parsing | |
865 We say that certain Emacs commands parse words or expressions in the | |
866 text being edited. Really, all they know how to do is find the other | |
867 end of a word or expression. @xref{Syntax}. | |
868 | |
869 @item Point | |
870 Point is the place in the buffer at which insertion and deletion | |
871 occur. Point is considered to be between two characters, not at one | |
872 character. The terminal's cursor (q.v.@:) indicates the location of | |
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873 point. @xref{Basic,Point,Basic Editing}. |
25829 | 874 |
875 @item Prefix Argument | |
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876 See `numeric argument.' |
25829 | 877 |
878 @item Prefix Key | |
879 A prefix key is a key sequence (q.v.@:) whose sole function is to | |
880 introduce a set of longer key sequences. @kbd{C-x} is an example of | |
881 prefix key; any two-character sequence starting with @kbd{C-x} is | |
882 therefore a legitimate key sequence. @xref{Keys}. | |
883 | |
884 @item Primary Rmail File | |
885 Your primary Rmail file is the file named @samp{RMAIL} in your home | |
886 directory. That's where Rmail stores your incoming mail, unless you | |
887 specify a different file name. @xref{Rmail}. | |
888 | |
889 @item Primary Selection | |
890 The primary selection is one particular X selection (q.v.@:); it is the | |
891 selection that most X applications use for transferring text to and from | |
892 other applications. | |
893 | |
894 The Emacs kill commands set the primary selection and the yank command | |
895 uses the primary selection when appropriate. @xref{Killing}. | |
896 | |
897 @item Prompt | |
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898 A prompt is text used to ask the user for input. Displaying a prompt |
25829 | 899 is called prompting. Emacs prompts always appear in the echo area |
900 (q.v.@:). One kind of prompting happens when the minibuffer is used to | |
901 read an argument (@pxref{Minibuffer}); the echoing which happens when | |
902 you pause in the middle of typing a multi-character key sequence is also | |
903 a kind of prompting (@pxref{Echo Area}). | |
904 | |
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905 @item Query-Replace |
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906 Query-replace is an interactive string replacement feature provided by |
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907 Emacs. @xref{Query Replace}. |
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908 |
25829 | 909 @item Quitting |
910 Quitting means canceling a partially typed command or a running | |
911 command, using @kbd{C-g} (or @kbd{C-@key{BREAK}} on MS-DOS). @xref{Quitting}. | |
912 | |
913 @item Quoting | |
914 Quoting means depriving a character of its usual special significance. | |
915 The most common kind of quoting in Emacs is with @kbd{C-q}. What | |
916 constitutes special significance depends on the context and on | |
917 convention. For example, an ``ordinary'' character as an Emacs command | |
918 inserts itself; so in this context, a special character is any character | |
919 that does not normally insert itself (such as @key{DEL}, for example), | |
920 and quoting it makes it insert itself as if it were not special. Not | |
921 all contexts allow quoting. @xref{Basic,Quoting,Basic Editing}. | |
922 | |
923 @item Quoting File Names | |
924 Quoting a file name turns off the special significance of constructs | |
925 such as @samp{$}, @samp{~} and @samp{:}. @xref{Quoted File Names}. | |
926 | |
927 @item Read-Only Buffer | |
928 A read-only buffer is one whose text you are not allowed to change. | |
929 Normally Emacs makes buffers read-only when they contain text which | |
930 has a special significance to Emacs; for example, Dired buffers. | |
931 Visiting a file that is write-protected also makes a read-only buffer. | |
932 @xref{Buffers}. | |
933 | |
934 @item Rectangle | |
935 A rectangle consists of the text in a given range of columns on a given | |
936 range of lines. Normally you specify a rectangle by putting point at | |
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937 one corner and putting the mark at the diagonally opposite corner. |
25829 | 938 @xref{Rectangles}. |
939 | |
940 @item Recursive Editing Level | |
941 A recursive editing level is a state in which part of the execution of | |
942 a command involves asking the user to edit some text. This text may | |
943 or may not be the same as the text to which the command was applied. | |
944 The mode line indicates recursive editing levels with square brackets | |
945 (@samp{[} and @samp{]}). @xref{Recursive Edit}. | |
946 | |
947 @item Redisplay | |
948 Redisplay is the process of correcting the image on the screen to | |
949 correspond to changes that have been made in the text being edited. | |
950 @xref{Screen,Redisplay}. | |
951 | |
952 @item Regexp | |
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953 See `regular expression.' |
25829 | 954 |
955 @item Region | |
956 The region is the text between point (q.v.@:) and the mark (q.v.@:). | |
957 Many commands operate on the text of the region. @xref{Mark,Region}. | |
958 | |
959 @item Registers | |
960 Registers are named slots in which text or buffer positions or | |
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961 rectangles can be saved for later use. @xref{Registers}. A related |
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962 Emacs feature is `bookmarks' (q.v.@:). |
25829 | 963 |
964 @item Regular Expression | |
965 A regular expression is a pattern that can match various text strings; | |
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966 for example, @samp{a[0-9]+} matches @samp{a} followed by one or more |
25829 | 967 digits. @xref{Regexps}. |
968 | |
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969 @item Remote File |
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970 A remote file is a file that is stored on a system other than your own. |
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971 Emacs can access files on other computers provided that they are |
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972 connected to the same network as your machine, and (obviously) that |
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973 you have a supported method to gain access to those files. |
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974 @xref{Remote Files}. |
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975 |
25829 | 976 @item Repeat Count |
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977 See `numeric argument.' |
25829 | 978 |
979 @item Replacement | |
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980 See `global substitution.' |
25829 | 981 |
982 @item Restriction | |
983 A buffer's restriction is the amount of text, at the beginning or the | |
984 end of the buffer, that is temporarily inaccessible. Giving a buffer a | |
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985 nonzero amount of restriction is called narrowing (q.v.@:); removing |
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986 a restriction is called widening (q.v.@:). @xref{Narrowing}. |
25829 | 987 |
988 @item @key{RET} | |
989 @key{RET} is a character that in Emacs runs the command to insert a | |
990 newline into the text. It is also used to terminate most arguments | |
991 read in the minibuffer (q.v.@:). @xref{User Input,Return}. | |
992 | |
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993 @item Reverting |
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994 Reverting means returning to the original state. Emacs lets you |
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995 revert a buffer by re-reading its file from disk. @xref{Reverting}. |
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996 |
25829 | 997 @item Rmail File |
998 An Rmail file is a file containing text in a special format used by | |
999 Rmail for storing mail. @xref{Rmail}. | |
1000 | |
1001 @item Saving | |
1002 Saving a buffer means copying its text into the file that was visited | |
1003 (q.v.@:) in that buffer. This is the way text in files actually gets | |
1004 changed by your Emacs editing. @xref{Saving}. | |
1005 | |
1006 @item Scroll Bar | |
1007 A scroll bar is a tall thin hollow box that appears at the side of a | |
1008 window. You can use mouse commands in the scroll bar to scroll the | |
33746 | 1009 window. The scroll bar feature is supported only under windowing |
1010 systems. @xref{Scroll Bars}. | |
25829 | 1011 |
1012 @item Scrolling | |
1013 Scrolling means shifting the text in the Emacs window so as to see a | |
1014 different part of the buffer. @xref{Display,Scrolling}. | |
1015 | |
1016 @item Searching | |
1017 Searching means moving point to the next occurrence of a specified | |
1018 string or the next match for a specified regular expression. | |
1019 @xref{Search}. | |
1020 | |
1021 @item Search Path | |
1022 A search path is a list of directory names, to be used for searching for | |
1023 files for certain purposes. For example, the variable @code{load-path} | |
1024 holds a search path for finding Lisp library files. @xref{Lisp Libraries}. | |
1025 | |
1026 @item Secondary Selection | |
1027 The secondary selection is one particular X selection; some X | |
1028 applications can use it for transferring text to and from other | |
1029 applications. Emacs has special mouse commands for transferring text | |
1030 using the secondary selection. @xref{Secondary Selection}. | |
1031 | |
1032 @item Selecting | |
1033 Selecting a buffer means making it the current (q.v.@:) buffer. | |
1034 @xref{Buffers,Selecting}. | |
1035 | |
1036 @item Selection | |
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1037 Windowing systems allow an application program to specify |
25829 | 1038 selections whose values are text. A program can also read the |
1039 selections that other programs have set up. This is the principal way | |
1040 of transferring text between window applications. Emacs has commands to | |
1041 work with the primary (q.v.@:) selection and the secondary (q.v.@:) | |
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1042 selection, and also with the clipboard (q.v.@:). |
25829 | 1043 |
1044 @item Self-Documentation | |
1045 Self-documentation is the feature of Emacs which can tell you what any | |
1046 command does, or give you a list of all commands related to a topic | |
1047 you specify. You ask for self-documentation with the help character, | |
1048 @kbd{C-h}. @xref{Help}. | |
1049 | |
1050 @item Self-Inserting Character | |
1051 A character is self-inserting if typing that character inserts that | |
1052 character in the buffer. Ordinary printing and whitespace characters | |
1053 are self-inserting in Emacs, except in certain special major modes. | |
1054 | |
1055 @item Sentences | |
1056 Emacs has commands for moving by or killing by sentences. | |
1057 @xref{Sentences}. | |
1058 | |
1059 @item Sexp | |
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1060 A sexp (short for ``s-expression'') is the basic syntactic unit of |
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1061 Lisp in its textual form: either a list, or Lisp atom. Sexps are also |
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1062 the balanced expressions (q.v.@:) of the Lisp language; this is why |
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1063 the commands for editing balanced expressions have `sexp' in their |
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1064 name. @xref{Expressions,Sexps}. |
25829 | 1065 |
1066 @item Simultaneous Editing | |
1067 Simultaneous editing means two users modifying the same file at once. | |
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1068 Simultaneous editing, if not detected, can cause one user to lose his |
38745 | 1069 or her work. Emacs detects all cases of simultaneous editing, and |
1070 warns one of the users to investigate. | |
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1071 @xref{Interlocking,Interlocking,Simultaneous Editing}. |
25829 | 1072 |
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1073 @item Speedbar |
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1074 Speedbar is a special tall frame that provides fast access to Emacs |
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1075 buffers, functions within those buffers, Info nodes, and other |
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1076 interesting parts of text within Emacs. @xref{Speedbar}. |
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1077 |
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1078 @item Spell Checking |
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1079 Spell checking means checking correctness of the written form of each |
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1080 one of the words in a text. Emacs uses the Ispell spelling-checker |
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1081 program to check the spelling of parts of a buffer via a convenient user |
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1082 interface. @xref{Spelling}. |
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1083 |
25829 | 1084 @item String |
1085 A string is a kind of Lisp data object which contains a sequence of | |
1086 characters. Many Emacs variables are intended to have strings as | |
1087 values. The Lisp syntax for a string consists of the characters in the | |
1088 string with a @samp{"} before and another @samp{"} after. A @samp{"} | |
1089 that is part of the string must be written as @samp{\"} and a @samp{\} | |
1090 that is part of the string must be written as @samp{\\}. All other | |
1091 characters, including newline, can be included just by writing them | |
1092 inside the string; however, backslash sequences as in C, such as | |
1093 @samp{\n} for newline or @samp{\241} using an octal character code, are | |
1094 allowed as well. | |
1095 | |
1096 @item String Substitution | |
1097 See `global substitution'. | |
1098 | |
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1099 @item Syntax Highlighting |
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1100 See `font lock.' |
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1101 |
25829 | 1102 @item Syntax Table |
1103 The syntax table tells Emacs which characters are part of a word, | |
1104 which characters balance each other like parentheses, etc. | |
1105 @xref{Syntax}. | |
1106 | |
1107 @item Super | |
1108 Super is the name of a modifier bit which a keyboard input character may | |
1109 have. To make a character Super, type it while holding down the | |
1110 @key{SUPER} key. Such characters are given names that start with | |
1111 @kbd{Super-} (usually written @kbd{s-} for short). @xref{User Input, | |
1112 Super}. | |
1113 | |
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1114 @item Suspending |
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1115 Suspending Emacs means stopping it temporarily and returning control |
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1116 to its parent process, which is usually a shell. Unlike killing a job |
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1117 (q.v.@:), you can later resume the suspended Emacs job without losing |
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1118 your buffers, unsaved edits, undo history, etc. @xref{Exiting}. |
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1119 |
25829 | 1120 @item Tags Table |
1121 A tags table is a file that serves as an index to the function | |
1122 definitions in one or more other files. @xref{Tags}. | |
1123 | |
1124 @item Termscript File | |
1125 A termscript file contains a record of all characters sent by Emacs to | |
1126 the terminal. It is used for tracking down bugs in Emacs redisplay. | |
1127 Emacs does not make a termscript file unless you tell it to. | |
1128 @xref{Bugs}. | |
1129 | |
1130 @item Text | |
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1131 `Text' has two meanings (@pxref{Text}): |
25829 | 1132 |
1133 @itemize @bullet | |
1134 @item | |
1135 Data consisting of a sequence of characters, as opposed to binary | |
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1136 numbers, executable programs, and the like. The basic contents of an |
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1137 Emacs buffer (aside from the text properties, q.v.@:) are always text |
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1138 in this sense. |
25829 | 1139 @item |
1140 Data consisting of written human language, as opposed to programs, | |
1141 or following the stylistic conventions of human language. | |
1142 @end itemize | |
1143 | |
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1144 @item Text-only Terminal |
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1145 A text-only terminal is a display that is limited to displaying text in |
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1146 character units. Such a terminal cannot control individual pixels it |
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1147 displays. Emacs supports a subset of display features on text-only |
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1148 terminals. |
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1149 |
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1150 @item Text Properties |
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1151 Text properties are annotations recorded for particular characters in |
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1152 the buffer. Images in the buffer are recorded as text properties; |
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1153 they also specify formatting information. @xref{Editing Format Info}. |
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1154 |
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1155 @item Tool Bar |
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1156 The tool bar is a line (sometimes multiple lines) of icons at the top |
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1157 of an Emacs frame. Clicking on one of these icons executes a command. |
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1158 You can think of this as a graphical relative of the menu bar (q.v.@:). |
36210 | 1159 @xref{Tool Bars}. |
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1160 |
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1161 @item Tooltips |
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1162 Tooltips are small windows displaying a help echo (q.v.@:) text that |
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1163 explains parts of the display, lists useful options available via mouse |
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1164 clicks, etc. @xref{Tooltips}. |
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1165 |
25829 | 1166 @item Top Level |
1167 Top level is the normal state of Emacs, in which you are editing the | |
1168 text of the file you have visited. You are at top level whenever you | |
1169 are not in a recursive editing level (q.v.@:) or the minibuffer | |
1170 (q.v.@:), and not in the middle of a command. You can get back to top | |
1171 level by aborting (q.v.@:) and quitting (q.v.@:). @xref{Quitting}. | |
1172 | |
1173 @item Transposition | |
1174 Transposing two units of text means putting each one into the place | |
1175 formerly occupied by the other. There are Emacs commands to transpose | |
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1176 two adjacent characters, words, balanced expressions (q.v.@:) or lines |
25829 | 1177 (@pxref{Transpose}). |
1178 | |
1179 @item Truncation | |
1180 Truncating text lines in the display means leaving out any text on a | |
1181 line that does not fit within the right margin of the window | |
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1182 displaying it. See also `continuation line.' |
25829 | 1183 @xref{Basic,Truncation,Basic Editing}. |
1184 | |
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1185 @item TTY |
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1186 See `text-only terminal.' |
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1187 |
25829 | 1188 @item Undoing |
1189 Undoing means making your previous editing go in reverse, bringing | |
1190 back the text that existed earlier in the editing session. | |
1191 @xref{Undo}. | |
1192 | |
1193 @item User Option | |
1194 A user option is a variable (q.v.@:) that exists so that you can customize | |
1195 Emacs by setting it to a new value. @xref{Variables}. | |
1196 | |
1197 @item Variable | |
1198 A variable is an object in Lisp that can store an arbitrary value. | |
1199 Emacs uses some variables for internal purposes, and has others (known | |
1200 as `user options' (q.v.@:)) just so that you can set their values to | |
1201 control the behavior of Emacs. The variables used in Emacs that you | |
1202 are likely to be interested in are listed in the Variables Index in | |
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1203 this manual (@pxref{Variable Index}). @xref{Variables}, for |
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1204 information on variables. |
25829 | 1205 |
1206 @item Version Control | |
1207 Version control systems keep track of multiple versions of a source file. | |
1208 They provide a more powerful alternative to keeping backup files (q.v.@:). | |
1209 @xref{Version Control}. | |
1210 | |
1211 @item Visiting | |
1212 Visiting a file means loading its contents into a buffer (q.v.@:) | |
1213 where they can be edited. @xref{Visiting}. | |
1214 | |
1215 @item Whitespace | |
1216 Whitespace is any run of consecutive formatting characters (space, | |
1217 tab, newline, and backspace). | |
1218 | |
1219 @item Widening | |
1220 Widening is removing any restriction (q.v.@:) on the current buffer; | |
1221 it is the opposite of narrowing (q.v.@:). @xref{Narrowing}. | |
1222 | |
1223 @item Window | |
1224 Emacs divides a frame (q.v.@:) into one or more windows, each of which | |
1225 can display the contents of one buffer (q.v.@:) at any time. | |
1226 @xref{Screen}, for basic information on how Emacs uses the screen. | |
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1227 @xref{Windows}, for commands to control the use of windows. Some |
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1228 other editors use the term ``window'' for what we call a `frame' |
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1229 (q.v.@:) in Emacs. |
25829 | 1230 |
1231 @item Word Abbrev | |
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1232 See `abbrev.' |
25829 | 1233 |
1234 @item Word Search | |
1235 Word search is searching for a sequence of words, considering the | |
1236 punctuation between them as insignificant. @xref{Word Search}. | |
1237 | |
1238 @item WYSIWYG | |
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1239 WYSIWYG stands for ``What you see is what you get.'' Emacs generally |
25829 | 1240 provides WYSIWYG editing for files of characters; in Enriched mode |
1241 (@pxref{Formatted Text}), it provides WYSIWYG editing for files that | |
1242 include text formatting information. | |
1243 | |
1244 @item Yanking | |
1245 Yanking means reinserting text previously killed. It can be used to | |
1246 undo a mistaken kill, or for copying or moving text. Some other | |
1247 systems call this ``pasting.'' @xref{Yanking}. | |
1248 @end table | |
1249 |