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annotate man/help.texi @ 82565:2f0ad88114c2
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author | Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org> |
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date | Wed, 22 Aug 2007 04:58:08 +0000 |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001, |
75348 | 3 @c 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
5 @node Help, Mark, M-x, Top | |
6 @chapter Help | |
7 @kindex Help | |
8 @cindex help | |
9 @cindex self-documentation | |
10 @findex help-command | |
11 @kindex C-h | |
12 @kindex F1 | |
13 | |
71585 | 14 Emacs provides extensive help features, all accessible through the |
15 @dfn{help character}, @kbd{C-h}. This is a prefix key that is used | |
16 for commands that display documentation; the next character you type | |
17 should be a @dfn{help options}, to ask for a particular kind of help. | |
18 You can cancel the @kbd{C-h} command with @kbd{C-g}. The function key | |
19 @key{F1} is equivalent to @kbd{C-h}. | |
25829 | 20 |
21 @kindex C-h C-h | |
22 @findex help-for-help | |
71585 | 23 @kbd{C-h} itself is one of the help options; @kbd{C-h C-h} displays |
24 a list of help options, with a brief description of each one | |
25 (@code{help-for-help}). You can scroll the list with @key{SPC} and | |
26 @key{DEL}, then type the help option you want. To cancel, type | |
27 @kbd{C-g}. | |
25829 | 28 |
29 @kbd{C-h} or @key{F1} means ``help'' in various other contexts as | |
71585 | 30 well. For instance, you can type them after a prefix key to display |
31 list of the keys that can follow the prefix key. (A few prefix keys | |
32 don't support @kbd{C-h} in this way, because they define other | |
33 meanings for it, but they all support @key{F1} for help.) | |
25829 | 34 |
71585 | 35 Most help buffers use a special major mode, Help mode, which lets |
36 you scroll conveniently with @key{SPC} and @key{DEL}. You can also | |
37 follow hyperlinks to URLs, and to other facilities including Info | |
38 nodes and customization buffers. @xref{Help Mode}. | |
25829 | 39 |
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40 @cindex searching documentation efficiently |
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41 @cindex looking for a subject in documentation |
71585 | 42 If you are looking for a certain feature, but don't know what it is |
43 called or where to look, we recommend three methods. First, try an | |
44 apropos command, then try searching the manual index, then look in the | |
45 FAQ and the package keywords. | |
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46 |
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47 @table @kbd |
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48 @item C-h a @var{topics} @key{RET} |
71585 | 49 This searches for commands whose names match the argument |
50 @var{topics}. The argument can be a keyword, a list of keywords, or a | |
51 regular expression (@pxref{Regexps}). This command displays all the | |
52 matches in a new buffer. @xref{Apropos}. | |
32432 | 53 |
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54 @item C-h i d m emacs @key{RET} i @var{topic} @key{RET} |
71585 | 55 This searches for @var{topic} in the indices of the on-line Emacs |
56 manual, and displays the first match found. Press @kbd{,} to see | |
57 subsequent matches. You can use a regular expression as @var{topic}. | |
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58 |
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59 @item C-h i d m emacs @key{RET} s @var{topic} @key{RET} |
71585 | 60 Similar, but searches the @emph{text} of the manual rather than the |
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61 indices. |
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62 |
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63 @item C-h C-f |
71585 | 64 This displays the Emacs FAQ. You can use the Info commands |
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65 to browse it. |
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66 |
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67 @item C-h p |
71585 | 68 This displays the available Emacs packages based on keywords. |
69 @xref{Library Keywords}. | |
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70 @end table |
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71 |
25829 | 72 @menu |
73 * Help Summary:: Brief list of all Help commands. | |
74 * Key Help:: Asking what a key does in Emacs. | |
75 * Name Help:: Asking about a command, variable or function name. | |
76 * Apropos:: Asking what pertains to a given topic. | |
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77 * Help Mode:: Special features of Help mode and Help buffers. |
25829 | 78 * Library Keywords:: Finding Lisp libraries by keywords (topics). |
79 * Language Help:: Help relating to international language support. | |
80 * Misc Help:: Other help commands. | |
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81 * Help Files:: Commands to display pre-written help files. |
28433 | 82 * Help Echo:: Help on active text and tooltips (`balloon help') |
25829 | 83 @end menu |
84 | |
85 @iftex | |
86 @node Help Summary | |
87 @end iftex | |
55626 | 88 @ifnottex |
25829 | 89 @node Help Summary |
90 @section Help Summary | |
55626 | 91 @end ifnottex |
25829 | 92 |
71585 | 93 Here is a summary of the Emacs interactive help commands. (The |
94 character that follows @kbd{C-h} is the ``help option.'') @xref{Help | |
95 Files}, for other help commands that display fixed files of | |
96 information. | |
25829 | 97 |
98 @table @kbd | |
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99 @item C-h a @var{topics} @key{RET} |
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100 Display a list of commands whose names match @var{topics} |
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101 (@code{apropos-command}; @pxref{Apropos}). |
25829 | 102 @item C-h b |
71585 | 103 Display all active key bindings; minor mode bindings first, then those |
104 of the major mode, then global bindings (@code{describe-bindings}). | |
25829 | 105 @item C-h c @var{key} |
71585 | 106 Given a key sequence @var{key}, show the name of the command that it |
107 runs (@code{describe-key-briefly}). Here @kbd{c} stands for | |
108 ``character.'' For more extensive information on @var{key}, use | |
109 @kbd{C-h k}. | |
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110 @item C-h d @var{topics} @key{RET} |
71585 | 111 Display the commands and variables whose documentation matches |
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112 @var{topics} (@code{apropos-documentation}). |
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113 @item C-h e |
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114 Display the @code{*Messages*} buffer |
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115 (@code{view-echo-area-messages}). |
25829 | 116 @item C-h f @var{function} @key{RET} |
117 Display documentation on the Lisp function named @var{function} | |
118 (@code{describe-function}). Since commands are Lisp functions, | |
71585 | 119 this works for commands too. |
25829 | 120 @item C-h h |
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121 Display the @file{HELLO} file, which shows examples of various character |
25829 | 122 sets. |
123 @item C-h i | |
71585 | 124 Run Info, the GNU documentation browser (@code{info}). |
25829 | 125 The complete Emacs manual is available on-line in Info. |
126 @item C-h k @var{key} | |
127 Display the name and documentation of the command that @var{key} runs | |
128 (@code{describe-key}). | |
129 @item C-h l | |
130 Display a description of the last 100 characters you typed | |
131 (@code{view-lossage}). | |
132 @item C-h m | |
133 Display documentation of the current major mode (@code{describe-mode}). | |
134 @item C-h p | |
135 Find packages by topic keyword (@code{finder-by-keyword}). | |
136 @item C-h s | |
71585 | 137 Display the current contents of the syntax table, with an explanation of |
25829 | 138 what they mean (@code{describe-syntax}). @xref{Syntax}. |
139 @item C-h t | |
140 Enter the Emacs interactive tutorial (@code{help-with-tutorial}). | |
141 @item C-h v @var{var} @key{RET} | |
38488 | 142 Display the documentation of the Lisp variable @var{var} |
25829 | 143 (@code{describe-variable}). |
144 @item C-h w @var{command} @key{RET} | |
38488 | 145 Show which keys run the command named @var{command} (@code{where-is}). |
25829 | 146 @item C-h C @var{coding} @key{RET} |
71585 | 147 Describe the coding system @var{coding} |
25829 | 148 (@code{describe-coding-system}). |
149 @item C-h C @key{RET} | |
150 Describe the coding systems currently in use. | |
151 @item C-h I @var{method} @key{RET} | |
71585 | 152 Describe the input method @var{method} (@code{describe-input-method}). |
25829 | 153 @item C-h L @var{language-env} @key{RET} |
38745 | 154 Display information on the character sets, coding systems, and input |
71585 | 155 methods used in language environment @var{language-env} |
25829 | 156 (@code{describe-language-environment}). |
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157 @item C-h F @var{function} @key{RET} |
71585 | 158 Enter Info and goes to the node that documents the Emacs function |
159 @var{function} (@code{Info-goto-emacs-command-node}). | |
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160 @item C-h K @var{key} |
71585 | 161 Enter Info and goes to the node that documents the key sequence |
162 @var{key} (@code{Info-goto-emacs-key-command-node}). | |
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163 @item C-h S @var{symbol} @key{RET} |
25829 | 164 Display the Info documentation on symbol @var{symbol} according to the |
165 programming language you are editing (@code{info-lookup-symbol}). | |
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166 @item C-h . |
71585 | 167 Display the help message for a special text area, if point is in one |
168 (@code{display-local-help}). (These include, for example, links in | |
169 @samp{*Help*} buffers.) | |
25829 | 170 @end table |
171 | |
172 @node Key Help | |
173 @section Documentation for a Key | |
174 | |
175 @kindex C-h c | |
176 @findex describe-key-briefly | |
71585 | 177 The help commands to get information about a key sequence are |
178 @kbd{C-h c} and @w{@kbd{C-h k}}. @kbd{C-h c @var{key}} displays in | |
179 the echo area the name of the command that @var{key} is bound to. For | |
180 example, @kbd{C-h c C-f} displays @samp{forward-char}. Since command | |
181 names are chosen to describe what the commands do, this gives you a | |
182 very brief description of what @var{key} does. | |
25829 | 183 |
184 @kindex C-h k | |
185 @findex describe-key | |
186 @kbd{C-h k @var{key}} is similar but gives more information: it | |
187 displays the documentation string of the command as well as its name. | |
71585 | 188 It displays this information in a window, since it may not fit in the |
189 echo area. | |
25829 | 190 |
68509 | 191 @kindex C-h K |
192 @findex Info-goto-emacs-key-command-node | |
71585 | 193 To find the documentation of a key sequence @var{key}, type @kbd{C-h |
194 K @var{key}}. This displays the appropriate manual section which | |
195 contains the documentation of @var{key}. | |
68509 | 196 |
197 @kbd{C-h c}, @kbd{C-h k} and @kbd{C-h K} work for any sort of key | |
198 sequences, including function keys, menus, and mouse events. For | |
71585 | 199 instance, after @kbd{C-h k} you can select a menu item from the menu |
200 bar, to view the documentation string of the command it runs. | |
25829 | 201 |
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202 @kindex C-h w |
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203 @findex where-is |
71585 | 204 @kbd{C-h w @var{command} @key{RET}} lists the keys that are bound to |
205 @var{command}. It displays the list in the echo area. If it says the | |
206 command is not on any key, that means you must use @kbd{M-x} to run | |
207 it. @kbd{C-h w} runs the command @code{where-is}. | |
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208 |
25829 | 209 @node Name Help |
210 @section Help by Command or Variable Name | |
211 | |
212 @kindex C-h f | |
213 @findex describe-function | |
71585 | 214 @kbd{C-h f @var{function} @key{RET}} (@code{describe-function}) |
215 displays the documentation of Lisp function @var{function}, in a | |
216 window. Since commands are Lisp functions, you can use this method to | |
217 view the documentation of any command whose name you know. For | |
218 example, | |
25829 | 219 |
220 @example | |
221 C-h f auto-fill-mode @key{RET} | |
222 @end example | |
223 | |
224 @noindent | |
225 displays the documentation of @code{auto-fill-mode}. This is the only | |
226 way to get the documentation of a command that is not bound to any key | |
227 (one which you would normally run using @kbd{M-x}). | |
228 | |
71585 | 229 @kbd{C-h f} is also useful for Lisp functions that you use in a Lisp |
230 program. For example, if you have just written the expression | |
231 @code{(make-vector len)} and want to check that you are using | |
232 @code{make-vector} properly, type @kbd{C-h f make-vector @key{RET}}. | |
233 Because @kbd{C-h f} allows all function names, not just command names, | |
234 you may find that some of your favorite completion abbreviations that | |
235 work in @kbd{M-x} don't work in @kbd{C-h f}. An abbreviation that is | |
236 unique among command names may not be unique among all function names. | |
25829 | 237 |
71585 | 238 If you type @kbd{C-h f @key{RET}}, it describes the function called |
239 by the innermost Lisp expression in the buffer around point, | |
240 @emph{provided} that function name is a valid, defined Lisp function. | |
241 (That name appears as the default while you enter the argument.) For | |
242 example, if point is located following the text @samp{(make-vector | |
243 (car x)}, the innermost list containing point is the one that starts | |
244 with @samp{(make-vector}, so @kbd{C-h f @key{RET}} will describe the | |
245 function @code{make-vector}. | |
25829 | 246 |
71585 | 247 @kbd{C-h f} is also useful just to verify that you spelled a |
248 function name correctly. If the minibuffer prompt for @kbd{C-h f} | |
249 shows the function name from the buffer as the default, it means that | |
250 name is defined as a Lisp function. Type @kbd{C-g} to cancel the | |
251 @kbd{C-h f} command if you don't really want to view the | |
252 documentation. | |
25829 | 253 |
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254 @kindex C-h v |
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255 @findex describe-variable |
71585 | 256 @kbd{C-h v} (@code{describe-variable}) is like @kbd{C-h f} but |
257 describes Lisp variables instead of Lisp functions. Its default is | |
258 the Lisp symbol around or before point, if that is the name of a | |
259 defined Lisp variable. @xref{Variables}. | |
25829 | 260 |
71585 | 261 Help buffers that describe Emacs variables and functions normally |
262 have hyperlinks to the corresponding source definition, if you have | |
263 the source files installed. (@xref{Hyperlinking}.) If you know Lisp | |
264 (or C), this provides the ultimate documentation. If you don't know | |
265 Lisp, you should learn it. (The Introduction to Emacs Lisp | |
266 Programming, available from the FSF through fsf.org, is a good way to | |
267 get started.) If Emacs feels you are just @emph{using} it, treating | |
268 it as an object program, its feelings may be hurt. For real intimacy, | |
269 read the Emacs source code. | |
68509 | 270 |
271 @kindex C-h F | |
272 @findex Info-goto-emacs-command-node | |
71585 | 273 To find a function's documentation in a manual, use @kbd{C-h F} |
274 (@code{Info-goto-emacs-command-node}). This knows about various | |
275 manuals, not just the Emacs manual, and finds the right one. | |
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276 |
25829 | 277 @node Apropos |
278 @section Apropos | |
279 | |
71585 | 280 The @dfn{apropos} commands answer questions like, ``What are the |
281 commands for working with files?'' More precisely, you specify an | |
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282 @dfn{apropos pattern}, which means either a word, a list of words, or |
71585 | 283 a regular expression. Each apropos command displays a list of items |
284 that match the pattern, in a separate buffer. | |
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285 |
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286 @table @kbd |
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287 @item C-h a @var{pattern} @key{RET} |
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288 Search for commands whose names match @var{pattern}. |
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289 |
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290 @item M-x apropos @key{RET} @var{pattern} @key{RET} |
71585 | 291 Search for functions and variables whose names match @var{pattern}. |
292 Both interactive functions (commands) and noninteractive functions can | |
293 be found by this command. | |
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294 |
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295 @item M-x apropos-variable @key{RET} @var{pattern} @key{RET} |
71585 | 296 Search for user-option variables whose names match @var{pattern}. |
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297 |
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298 @item M-x apropos-value @key{RET} @var{pattern} @key{RET} |
71585 | 299 Search for functions whose definitions @var{pattern}, and variables |
300 whose values match @var{pattern}. | |
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301 |
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302 @item C-h d @var{pattern} @key{RET} |
71585 | 303 Search for functions and variables whose @strong{documentation |
304 strings} match @var{pattern}. | |
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305 @end table |
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306 |
25829 | 307 @kindex C-h a |
308 @findex apropos-command | |
309 @cindex apropos | |
71585 | 310 The simplest kind of apropos pattern is one word. Anything which |
311 contains that word matches the pattern. Thus, to find the commands | |
312 that work on files, type @kbd{C-h a file @key{RET}}. This displays a | |
313 list of all command names that contain @samp{file}, including | |
314 @code{copy-file}, @code{find-file}, and so on. Each command name | |
315 comes with a brief description and a list of keys you can currently | |
316 invoke it with. In our example, it would say that you can invoke | |
317 @code{find-file} by typing @kbd{C-x C-f}. | |
318 | |
319 The @kbd{a} in @kbd{C-h a} stands for ``Apropos''; @kbd{C-h a} | |
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320 runs the command @code{apropos-command}. This command normally checks |
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321 only commands (interactive functions); if you specify a prefix |
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322 argument, it checks noninteractive functions as well. |
25829 | 323 |
71585 | 324 For more information about a function definition, variable or symbol |
325 property listed in the apropos buffer, you can click on it with | |
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326 @kbd{Mouse-1} or @kbd{Mouse-2}, or move there and type @key{RET}. |
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327 |
71585 | 328 When you specify more than one word in the apropos pattern, a name |
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329 must contain at least two of the words in order to match. Thus, if |
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330 you are looking for commands to kill a chunk of text before point, you |
71585 | 331 could try @kbd{C-h a kill back backward behind before @key{RET}}. The |
332 real command name @code{kill-backward} will match that; if there were | |
333 a command @code{kill-text-before}, it would also match, since it | |
334 contains two of the specified words. | |
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335 |
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336 For even greater flexibility, you can specify a regular expression |
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337 (@pxref{Regexps}). An apropos pattern is interpreted as a regular |
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338 expression if it contains any of the regular expression special |
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339 characters, @samp{^$*+?.\[}. |
25829 | 340 |
71585 | 341 Following the conventions for naming Emacs commands, here are some |
342 words that you'll find useful in apropos patterns. By using them in | |
343 @kbd{C-h a}, you will also get a feel for the naming conventions. | |
25829 | 344 |
345 @quotation | |
346 char, line, word, sentence, paragraph, region, page, sexp, list, defun, | |
347 rect, buffer, frame, window, face, file, dir, register, mode, beginning, end, | |
348 forward, backward, next, previous, up, down, search, goto, kill, delete, | |
349 mark, insert, yank, fill, indent, case, change, set, what, list, find, | |
350 view, describe, default. | |
351 @end quotation | |
352 | |
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353 @findex apropos |
71585 | 354 Use @kbd{M-x apropos} instead of @kbd{C-h a} to list all the Lisp |
355 symbols that match an apropos pattern, not just the symbols that are | |
356 commands. This command does not list key bindings by default; specify | |
357 a numeric argument if you want it to list them. | |
25829 | 358 |
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359 @findex apropos-variable |
71585 | 360 Use @kbd{M-x apropos-variable} to list user-customizable variables |
361 that match an apropos pattern. If you specify a prefix argument, it | |
362 lists all matching variables. | |
25829 | 363 |
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364 @kindex C-h d |
25829 | 365 @findex apropos-documentation |
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366 The @code{apropos-documentation} command is like @code{apropos} |
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367 except that it searches documentation strings instead of symbol names |
71585 | 368 for matches. |
25829 | 369 |
370 @findex apropos-value | |
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371 The @code{apropos-value} command is like @code{apropos} except that |
71585 | 372 it searches variables' values for matches for the apropos pattern. |
373 With a prefix argument, it also checks symbols' function definitions | |
374 and property lists. | |
25829 | 375 |
376 @vindex apropos-do-all | |
71585 | 377 If the variable @code{apropos-do-all} is non-@code{nil}, the apropos |
378 commands always behave as if they had been given a prefix argument. | |
25829 | 379 |
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380 @vindex apropos-sort-by-scores |
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381 @cindex apropos search results, order by score |
71585 | 382 By default, apropos lists the search results in alphabetical order. |
383 If the variable @code{apropos-sort-by-scores} is non-@code{nil}, the | |
384 apropos commands try to guess the relevance of each result, and | |
385 display the most relevant ones first. | |
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386 |
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387 @vindex apropos-documentation-sort-by-scores |
71585 | 388 By default, apropos lists the search results for |
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389 @code{apropos-documentation} in order of relevance of the match. If |
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390 the variable @code{apropos-documentation-sort-by-scores} is |
71585 | 391 @code{nil}, apropos lists the symbols found in alphabetical order. |
25829 | 392 |
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393 @node Help Mode |
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394 @section Help Mode Commands |
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395 |
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396 Help buffers provide the same commands as View mode (@pxref{Misc File |
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397 Ops}), plus a few special commands of their own. |
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398 |
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399 @table @kbd |
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400 @item @key{SPC} |
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401 Scroll forward. |
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402 @item @key{DEL} |
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403 Scroll backward. |
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404 @item @key{RET} |
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405 Follow a cross reference at point. |
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406 @item @key{TAB} |
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407 Move point forward to the next cross reference. |
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408 @item S-@key{TAB} |
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409 Move point back to the previous cross reference. |
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410 @item Mouse-1 |
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411 @itemx Mouse-2 |
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412 Follow a cross reference that you click on. |
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413 @item C-c C-c |
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414 Show all documentation about the symbol at point. |
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415 @end table |
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416 |
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417 When a function name (@pxref{M-x,, Running Commands by Name}), |
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418 variable name (@pxref{Variables}), or face name (@pxref{Faces}) |
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419 appears in the documentation, it normally appears inside paired |
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420 single-quotes. To view the documentation of that command, variable or |
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421 face, you can click on the name with @kbd{Mouse-1} or @kbd{Mouse-2}, |
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422 or move point there and type @key{RET}. Use @kbd{C-c C-b} to retrace |
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423 your steps. |
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424 |
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425 @cindex URL, viewing in help |
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426 @cindex help, viewing web pages |
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427 @cindex viewing web pages in help |
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428 @cindex web pages, viewing in help |
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429 @findex browse-url |
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430 You can follow cross references to URLs (web pages) also. This uses |
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431 the @code{browse-url} command to view the page in the browser you |
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432 choose. @xref{Browse-URL}. |
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433 |
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434 @kindex @key{TAB} @r{(Help mode)} |
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435 @findex help-next-ref |
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436 @kindex S-@key{TAB} @r{(Help mode)} |
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437 @findex help-previous-ref |
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438 There are convenient commands to move point to cross references in |
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439 the help text. @key{TAB} (@code{help-next-ref}) moves point down to |
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440 the next cross reference. @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} moves up to the previous |
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441 cross reference (@code{help-previous-ref}). |
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442 |
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443 To view all documentation about any symbol name that appears in the |
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444 text, move point to the symbol name and type @kbd{C-c C-c} |
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445 (@code{help-follow-symbol}). This shows all available documentation |
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446 about the symbol as a variable, function and/or face. As above, use |
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447 @kbd{C-c C-b} to retrace your steps. |
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448 |
25829 | 449 @node Library Keywords |
450 @section Keyword Search for Lisp Libraries | |
451 | |
452 @kindex C-h p | |
453 @findex finder-by-keyword | |
454 The @kbd{C-h p} command lets you search the standard Emacs Lisp | |
455 libraries by topic keywords. Here is a partial list of keywords you can | |
456 use: | |
457 | |
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458 @multitable {convenience} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} |
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459 @item abbrev@tab abbreviation handling, typing shortcuts, macros. |
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460 @item bib@tab code related to the @code{bib} bibliography processor. |
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461 @item c@tab support for the C language and related languages. |
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462 @item calendar@tab calendar and time management support. |
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463 @item comm@tab communications, networking, remote access to files. |
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464 @item convenience@tab convenience features for faster editing. |
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465 @item data@tab support for editing files of data. |
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466 @item docs@tab support for Emacs documentation. |
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467 @item emulations@tab emulations of other editors. |
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468 @item extensions@tab Emacs Lisp language extensions. |
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469 @item faces@tab support for multiple fonts. |
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470 @item files@tab support for editing and manipulating files. |
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471 @item frames@tab support for Emacs frames and window systems. |
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472 @item games@tab games, jokes and amusements. |
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473 @item hardware@tab support for interfacing with exotic hardware. |
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474 @item help@tab support for on-line help systems. |
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475 @item hypermedia@tab support for links between text or other media types. |
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476 @item i18n@tab internationalization and alternate character-set support. |
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477 @item internal@tab code for Emacs internals, build process, defaults. |
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478 @item languages@tab specialized modes for editing programming languages. |
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479 @item lisp@tab Lisp support, including Emacs Lisp. |
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480 @item local@tab code local to your site. |
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481 @item maint@tab maintenance aids for the Emacs development group. |
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482 @item mail@tab modes for electronic-mail handling. |
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483 @item matching@tab various sorts of searching and matching. |
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484 @item mouse@tab mouse support. |
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485 @item multimedia@tab images and sound support. |
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486 @item news@tab support for netnews reading and posting. |
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487 @item oop@tab support for object-oriented programming. |
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488 @item outlines@tab support for hierarchical outlining. |
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489 @item processes@tab process, subshell, compilation, and job control support. |
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490 @item terminals@tab support for terminal types. |
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491 @item tex@tab supporting code for the @TeX{} formatter. |
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492 @item tools@tab programming tools. |
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493 @item unix@tab front-ends/assistants for, or emulators of, UNIX-like features. |
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494 @item wp@tab word processing. |
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495 @end multitable |
25829 | 496 |
497 @node Language Help | |
498 @section Help for International Language Support | |
499 | |
500 You can use the command @kbd{C-h L} | |
71585 | 501 (@code{describe-language-environment}) to get information about a |
502 specific language environment. @xref{Language Environments}. This | |
503 tells you which languages this language environment supports. It also | |
504 lists the character sets, coding systems, and input methods that work | |
505 with this language environment, and finally shows some sample text to | |
506 illustrate scripts. | |
25829 | 507 |
508 The command @kbd{C-h h} (@code{view-hello-file}) displays the file | |
509 @file{etc/HELLO}, which shows how to say ``hello'' in many languages. | |
510 | |
71585 | 511 The command @kbd{C-h I} (@code{describe-input-method}) describes an |
512 input method---either a specified input method, or by default the | |
513 input method currently in use. @xref{Input Methods}. | |
25829 | 514 |
515 The command @kbd{C-h C} (@code{describe-coding-system}) describes | |
71585 | 516 coding systems---either a specified coding system, or the ones |
517 currently in use. @xref{Coding Systems}. | |
25829 | 518 |
519 @node Misc Help | |
520 @section Other Help Commands | |
521 | |
522 @kindex C-h i | |
523 @findex info | |
524 @cindex Info | |
525 @cindex manuals, on-line | |
526 @cindex on-line manuals | |
71585 | 527 @kbd{C-h i} (@code{info}) runs the Info program, which browses |
528 structured documentation files. The entire Emacs manual is available | |
529 within Info, along with many other manuals for the GNU system. Type | |
530 @kbd{h} after entering Info to run a tutorial on using Info. | |
25829 | 531 |
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532 @cindex find Info manual by its file name |
71585 | 533 With a numeric argument @var{n}, @kbd{C-h i} selects the Info buffer |
534 @samp{*info*<@var{n}>}. This is useful if you want to browse multiple | |
535 Info manuals simultaneously. If you specify just @kbd{C-u} as the | |
536 prefix argument, @kbd{C-h i} prompts for the name of a documentation | |
537 file, so you can browse a file which doesn't have an entry in the | |
538 top-level Info menu. | |
25829 | 539 |
68509 | 540 The help commands @kbd{C-h F @var{function} @key{RET}} and @kbd{C-h |
541 K @var{key}}, described above, enter Info and go straight to the | |
542 documentation of @var{function} or @var{key}. | |
25829 | 543 |
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544 @kindex C-h S |
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545 @findex info-lookup-symbol |
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546 When editing a program, if you have an Info version of the manual |
71585 | 547 for the programming language, you can use @kbd{C-h S} |
548 (@code{info-lookup-symbol}) to find symbol (keyword, function or | |
549 variable) in the proper manual. The details of how this command works | |
550 depend on the major mode. | |
25829 | 551 |
552 @kindex C-h l | |
553 @findex view-lossage | |
71585 | 554 If something surprising happens, and you are not sure what you |
555 typed, use @kbd{C-h l} (@code{view-lossage}). @kbd{C-h l} displays | |
556 the last 100 characters you typed in Emacs. If you see commands that | |
557 you don't know, you can use @kbd{C-h c} to find out what they do. | |
25829 | 558 |
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559 @kindex C-h e |
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560 @findex view-echo-area-messages |
71585 | 561 To review recent echo area messages, use @kbd{C-h e} |
562 (@code{view-echo-area-messages}). This displays the buffer | |
563 @code{*Messages*}, where those messages are kept. | |
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564 |
25829 | 565 @kindex C-h m |
566 @findex describe-mode | |
71585 | 567 Each Emacs major mode typically redefines a few keys and makes other |
568 changes in how editing works. @kbd{C-h m} (@code{describe-mode}) | |
569 displays documentation on the current major mode, which normally | |
570 describes the commands and features that are changed in this mode. | |
25829 | 571 |
572 @kindex C-h b | |
573 @findex describe-bindings | |
574 @kbd{C-h b} (@code{describe-bindings}) and @kbd{C-h s} | |
71585 | 575 (@code{describe-syntax}) show other information about the current |
576 environment within Emacs. @kbd{C-h b} displays a list of all the key | |
577 bindings now in effect: first the local bindings of the current minor | |
578 modes, then the local bindings defined by the current major mode, and | |
579 finally the global bindings (@pxref{Key Bindings}). @kbd{C-h s} | |
580 displays the contents of the syntax table, with explanations of each | |
581 character's syntax (@pxref{Syntax}). | |
25829 | 582 |
71585 | 583 You can get a list of subcommands for a particular prefix key by |
584 typing @kbd{C-h} after the prefix key. (There are a few prefix keys | |
585 for which this does not work---those that provide their own bindings | |
586 for @kbd{C-h}. One of these is @key{ESC}, because @kbd{@key{ESC} C-h} | |
587 is actually @kbd{C-M-h}, which marks a defun.) | |
25829 | 588 |
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589 @node Help Files |
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590 @section Help Files |
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591 |
71585 | 592 The Emacs help commands described above display dynamic help based |
593 on the current state within Emacs, or refer to manuals. Other help | |
594 commands display pre-written, static help files. These commands all | |
595 have the form @kbd{C-h C-@var{char}}; that is, @kbd{C-h} followed by a | |
596 control character. | |
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597 |
25829 | 598 @kindex C-h C-c |
599 @findex describe-copying | |
600 @kindex C-h C-d | |
601 @findex describe-distribution | |
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602 @kindex C-h C-e |
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603 @findex view-emacs-problems |
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604 @kindex C-h C-f |
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605 @findex view-emacs-FAQ |
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606 @kindex C-h C-n |
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607 @findex view-emacs-news |
25829 | 608 @kindex C-h C-p |
609 @findex describe-project | |
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610 @kindex C-h C-t |
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611 @findex view-emacs-todo |
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612 @kindex C-h C-w |
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613 @findex describe-no-warranty |
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614 |
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615 @table @kbd |
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616 @item C-h C-c |
71585 | 617 Display the Emacs copying conditions (@code{describe-copying}). |
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618 These are the rules under which you can copy and redistribute Emacs. |
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619 @item C-h C-d |
71585 | 620 Display how to download or order the latest version of |
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621 Emacs and other GNU software (@code{describe-distribution}). |
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622 @item C-h C-e |
71585 | 623 Display the list of known Emacs problems, sometimes with suggested |
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624 workarounds (@code{view-emacs-problems}). |
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625 @item C-h C-f |
71585 | 626 Display the Emacs frequently-answered-questions list (@code{view-emacs-FAQ}). |
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627 @item C-h C-n |
71585 | 628 Display the Emacs ``news'' file, which lists new features in the most |
629 recent version of Emacs (@code{view-emacs-news}). | |
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630 @item C-h C-p |
71585 | 631 Display general information about the GNU Project |
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632 (@code{describe-project}). |
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633 @item C-h C-t |
71585 | 634 Display the Emacs to-do list (@code{view-todo}). |
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635 @item C-h C-w |
71585 | 636 Display the full details on the complete absence of warranty for GNU |
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637 Emacs (@code{describe-no-warranty}). |
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638 @end table |
28433 | 639 |
640 @node Help Echo | |
641 @section Help on Active Text and Tooltips | |
642 | |
643 @cindex tooltips | |
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644 @cindex balloon help |
38745 | 645 When a region of text is ``active,'' so that you can select it with |
36185 | 646 the mouse or a key like @kbd{RET}, it often has associated help text. |
71585 | 647 For instance, most parts of the mode line have help text. On |
648 graphical displays, the help text is displayed as a ``tooltip'' | |
649 (sometimes known as ``balloon help''), when you move the mouse over | |
650 the active text. @xref{Tooltips}. On some systems, it is shown in | |
651 the echo area. On text-only terminals, if Emacs cannot follow the | |
652 mouse, it cannot show the help text on mouse-over. | |
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653 |
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654 @kindex C-h . |
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655 @findex display-local-help |
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656 @vindex help-at-pt-display-when-idle |
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657 You can also access text region help info using the keyboard. The |
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658 command @kbd{C-h .} (@code{display-local-help}) displays any help text |
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659 associated with the text at point, using the echo area. If you want |
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660 help text to be displayed automatically whenever it is available at |
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661 point, set the variable @code{help-at-pt-display-when-idle} to |
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662 @code{t}. |
52401 | 663 |
664 @ignore | |
665 arch-tag: 6f33ab62-bc75-4367-8057-fd67cc15c3a1 | |
666 @end ignore |