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annotate man/glossary.texi @ 37514:30557566b879
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author | Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> |
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date | Sun, 29 Apr 2001 06:23:45 +0000 |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
3 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. | |
4 @node Glossary, Key Index, Intro, Top | |
5 @unnumbered Glossary | |
6 | |
7 @table @asis | |
8 @item Abbrev | |
9 An abbrev is a text string which expands into a different text string | |
10 when present in the buffer. For example, you might define a few letters | |
11 as an abbrev for a long phrase that you want to insert frequently. | |
12 @xref{Abbrevs}. | |
13 | |
14 @item Aborting | |
15 Aborting means getting out of a recursive edit (q.v.@:). The | |
16 commands @kbd{C-]} and @kbd{M-x top-level} are used for this. | |
17 @xref{Quitting}. | |
18 | |
19 @item Alt | |
20 Alt is the name of a modifier bit which a keyboard input character may | |
21 have. To make a character Alt, type it while holding down the @key{ALT} | |
22 key. Such characters are given names that start with @kbd{Alt-} | |
23 (usually written @kbd{A-} for short). (Note that many terminals have a | |
24 key labeled @key{ALT} which is really a @key{META} key.) @xref{User | |
25 Input, Alt}. | |
26 | |
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27 @item Argument |
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28 See `numeric argument.' |
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29 |
25829 | 30 @item ASCII character |
31 An ASCII character is either an ASCII control character or an ASCII | |
32 printing character. @xref{User Input}. | |
33 | |
34 @item ASCII control character | |
35 An ASCII control character is the Control version of an upper-case | |
36 letter, or the Control version of one of the characters @samp{@@[\]^_?}. | |
37 | |
38 @item ASCII printing character | |
39 ASCII printing characters include letters, digits, space, and these | |
40 punctuation characters: @samp{!@@#$%^& *()_-+=|\~` @{@}[]:;"' <>,.?/}. | |
41 | |
42 @item Auto Fill Mode | |
43 Auto Fill mode is a minor mode in which text that you insert is | |
44 automatically broken into lines of fixed width. @xref{Filling}. | |
45 | |
46 @item Auto Saving | |
47 Auto saving is the practice of saving the contents of an Emacs buffer in | |
48 a specially-named file, so that the information will not be lost if the | |
49 buffer is lost due to a system error or user error. @xref{Auto Save}. | |
50 | |
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51 @item Autoloading |
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52 Emacs automatically loads Lisp libraries when a Lisp program requests a |
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53 function or a variable from those libraries. This is called |
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54 `autoloading'. @xref{Lisp Libraries}. |
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55 |
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56 @item Backtrace |
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57 A backtrace is a trace of a series of function calls showing how a |
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58 program arrived to a certain point. It is used mainly for finding and |
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59 correcting bugs (q.v.@:). Emacs can display a backtrace when it signals |
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60 an error or when you type @kbd{C-g} (see `quitting'). @xref{Checklist}. |
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61 |
25829 | 62 @item Backup File |
63 A backup file records the contents that a file had before the current | |
64 editing session. Emacs makes backup files automatically to help you | |
65 track down or cancel changes you later regret making. @xref{Backup}. | |
66 | |
67 @item Balance Parentheses | |
68 Emacs can balance parentheses manually or automatically. Manual | |
69 balancing is done by the commands to move over balanced expressions | |
70 (@pxref{Lists}). Automatic balancing is done by blinking or | |
71 highlighting the parenthesis that matches one just inserted | |
72 (@pxref{Matching,,Matching Parens}). | |
73 | |
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74 @item Balloon Help |
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75 See `tooltips.' |
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76 |
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77 @item Base Buffer |
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78 A base buffer is a buffer whose text is shared by an indirect buffer |
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79 (q.v.@:). |
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80 |
25829 | 81 @item Bind |
82 To bind a key sequence means to give it a binding (q.v.@:). | |
83 @xref{Rebinding}. | |
84 | |
85 @item Binding | |
86 A key sequence gets its meaning in Emacs by having a binding, which is a | |
87 command (q.v.@:), a Lisp function that is run when the user types that | |
88 sequence. @xref{Commands,Binding}. Customization often involves | |
89 rebinding a character to a different command function. The bindings of | |
90 all key sequences are recorded in the keymaps (q.v.@:). @xref{Keymaps}. | |
91 | |
92 @item Blank Lines | |
93 Blank lines are lines that contain only whitespace. Emacs has several | |
94 commands for operating on the blank lines in the buffer. | |
95 | |
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96 @item Bookmark |
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97 Bookmarks are akin to registers (q.v.@:) in that they record positions |
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98 in buffers to which you can return later. Unlike registers, bookmarks |
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99 persist between Emacs sessions. |
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100 |
25829 | 101 @item Buffer |
102 The buffer is the basic editing unit; one buffer corresponds to one text | |
103 being edited. You can have several buffers, but at any time you are | |
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104 editing only one, the `current buffer,' though several can be visible |
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105 when you are using multiple windows (q.v.@:). Most buffers are visiting |
25829 | 106 (q.v.@:) some file. @xref{Buffers}. |
107 | |
108 @item Buffer Selection History | |
109 Emacs keeps a buffer selection history which records how recently each | |
110 Emacs buffer has been selected. This is used for choosing a buffer to | |
111 select. @xref{Buffers}. | |
112 | |
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113 @item Bug |
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114 A bug is an incorrect or unreasonable behavior of a program, or |
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115 inaccurate or confusing documentation. Emacs developers treat bug |
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116 reports, both in Emacs code and its documentation, very seriously and |
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117 ask you to report any bugs you find. @xref{Bugs}. |
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118 |
25829 | 119 @item Button Down Event |
120 A button down event is the kind of input event generated right away when | |
121 you press a mouse button. @xref{Mouse Buttons}. | |
122 | |
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123 @item By Default |
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124 See `default.' |
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125 |
25829 | 126 @item @kbd{C-} |
127 @kbd{C-} in the name of a character is an abbreviation for Control. | |
128 @xref{User Input,C-}. | |
129 | |
130 @item @kbd{C-M-} | |
131 @kbd{C-M-} in the name of a character is an abbreviation for | |
132 Control-Meta. @xref{User Input,C-M-}. | |
133 | |
134 @item Case Conversion | |
135 Case conversion means changing text from upper case to lower case or | |
136 vice versa. @xref{Case}, for the commands for case conversion. | |
137 | |
138 @item Character | |
139 Characters form the contents of an Emacs buffer; see @ref{Text | |
140 Characters}. Also, key sequences (q.v.@:) are usually made up of | |
141 characters (though they may include other input events as well). | |
142 @xref{User Input}. | |
143 | |
144 @item Character Set | |
145 Emacs supports a number of character sets, each of which represents a | |
146 particular alphabet or script. @xref{International}. | |
147 | |
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148 @item Character Terminal |
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149 See `text-only terminal.' |
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150 |
25829 | 151 @item Click Event |
152 A click event is the kind of input event generated when you press a | |
153 mouse button and release it without moving the mouse. @xref{Mouse Buttons}. | |
154 | |
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155 @item Clipboard |
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156 A clipboard is a buffer provided by the window system for transferring |
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157 text between applications. On the X Window system, the clipboard is |
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158 provided in addition to the primary selection (q.v.@:); on MS-Windows, |
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159 the clipboard is used @emph{instead} of the primary selection. |
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160 @xref{Clipboard}. |
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161 |
25829 | 162 @item Coding System |
163 A coding system is an encoding for representing text characters in a | |
164 file or in a stream of information. Emacs has the ability to convert | |
165 text to or from a variety of coding systems when reading or writing it. | |
166 @xref{Coding Systems}. | |
167 | |
168 @item Command | |
169 A command is a Lisp function specially defined to be able to serve as a | |
170 key binding in Emacs. When you type a key sequence (q.v.@:), its | |
171 binding (q.v.@:) is looked up in the relevant keymaps (q.v.@:) to find | |
172 the command to run. @xref{Commands}. | |
173 | |
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174 @item Command History |
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175 See `minibuffer history.' |
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176 |
25829 | 177 @item Command Name |
178 A command name is the name of a Lisp symbol which is a command | |
179 (@pxref{Commands}). You can invoke any command by its name using | |
180 @kbd{M-x} (@pxref{M-x}). | |
181 | |
182 @item Comment | |
183 A comment is text in a program which is intended only for humans reading | |
184 the program, and which is marked specially so that it will be ignored | |
185 when the program is loaded or compiled. Emacs offers special commands | |
186 for creating, aligning and killing comments. @xref{Comments}. | |
187 | |
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188 @item Common Lisp |
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189 Common Lisp is a dialect of Lisp (q.v.@:) much larger and more powerful |
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190 than Emacs Lisp. Emacs provides a subset of Common Lisp in the CL |
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191 package. @xref{, Common Lisp, , cl, Common Lisp Extensions}. |
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192 |
25829 | 193 @item Compilation |
194 Compilation is the process of creating an executable program from source | |
195 code. Emacs has commands for compiling files of Emacs Lisp code | |
196 (@pxref{Byte Compilation,, Byte Compilation, elisp, the Emacs Lisp | |
197 Reference Manual}) and programs in C and other languages | |
198 (@pxref{Compilation}). | |
199 | |
200 @item Complete Key | |
201 A complete key is a key sequence which fully specifies one action to be | |
202 performed by Emacs. For example, @kbd{X} and @kbd{C-f} and @kbd{C-x m} | |
203 are complete keys. Complete keys derive their meanings from being bound | |
204 (q.v.@:) to commands (q.v.@:). Thus, @kbd{X} is conventionally bound to | |
205 a command to insert @samp{X} in the buffer; @kbd{C-x m} is | |
206 conventionally bound to a command to begin composing a mail message. | |
207 @xref{Keys}. | |
208 | |
209 @item Completion | |
210 Completion is what Emacs does when it automatically fills out an | |
211 abbreviation for a name into the entire name. Completion is done for | |
212 minibuffer (q.v.@:) arguments when the set of possible valid inputs | |
213 is known; for example, on command names, buffer names, and | |
214 file names. Completion occurs when @key{TAB}, @key{SPC} or @key{RET} | |
215 is typed. @xref{Completion}.@refill | |
216 | |
217 @item Continuation Line | |
218 When a line of text is longer than the width of the window, it | |
219 takes up more than one screen line when displayed. We say that the | |
220 text line is continued, and all screen lines used for it after the | |
221 first are called continuation lines. @xref{Basic,Continuation,Basic | |
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222 Editing}. A related Emacs feature is `filling' (q.v.@:). |
25829 | 223 |
224 @item Control Character | |
225 A control character is a character that you type by holding down the | |
226 @key{CTRL} key. Some control characters also have their own keys, so | |
227 that you can type them without using @key{CTRL}. For example, | |
228 @key{RET}, @key{TAB}, @key{ESC} and @key{DEL} are all control | |
229 characters. @xref{User Input}. | |
230 | |
231 @item Copyleft | |
232 A copyleft is a notice giving the public legal permission to | |
233 redistribute a program or other work of art. Copylefts are used by | |
234 left-wing programmers to promote freedom and cooperation, just as | |
235 copyrights are used by right-wing programmers to gain power over other | |
236 people. | |
237 | |
238 The particular form of copyleft used by the GNU project is called the | |
239 GNU General Public License. @xref{Copying}. | |
240 | |
241 @item Current Buffer | |
242 The current buffer in Emacs is the Emacs buffer on which most editing | |
243 commands operate. You can select any Emacs buffer as the current one. | |
244 @xref{Buffers}. | |
245 | |
246 @item Current Line | |
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247 The current line is a line point is on (@pxref{Point}). |
25829 | 248 |
249 @item Current Paragraph | |
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250 The current paragraph is the paragraph that point is in. If point is |
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251 between paragraphs, the current paragraph is the one that follows point. |
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252 @xref{Paragraphs}. |
25829 | 253 |
254 @item Current Defun | |
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255 The current defun is a defun (q.v.@:) that point is in. If point is |
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256 between defuns, the current defun is the one that follows point. |
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257 @xref{Defuns}. |
25829 | 258 |
259 @item Cursor | |
260 The cursor is the rectangle on the screen which indicates the position | |
261 called point (q.v.@:) at which insertion and deletion takes place. | |
262 The cursor is on or under the character that follows point. Often | |
263 people speak of `the cursor' when, strictly speaking, they mean | |
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264 `point.' @xref{Basic,Cursor,Basic Editing}. |
25829 | 265 |
266 @item Customization | |
267 Customization is making minor changes in the way Emacs works. It is | |
268 often done by setting variables (@pxref{Variables}) or by rebinding | |
269 key sequences (@pxref{Keymaps}). | |
270 | |
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271 @item Cut and Paste |
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272 See `killing' and `yanking.' |
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273 |
25829 | 274 @item Default Argument |
275 The default for an argument is the value that will be assumed if you | |
276 do not specify one. When the minibuffer is used to read an argument, | |
277 the default argument is used if you just type @key{RET}. | |
278 @xref{Minibuffer}. | |
279 | |
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280 @item Default |
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281 A default is the value that is used for a certain purpose if and when |
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282 you do not specify a value to use. |
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283 |
25829 | 284 @item Default Directory |
285 When you specify a file name that does not start with @samp{/} or @samp{~}, | |
286 it is interpreted relative to the current buffer's default directory. | |
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287 (On MS-Windows and MS-DOS, file names which start with a drive letter |
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288 @samp{@var{x}:} are treated as absolute, not relative.) |
25829 | 289 @xref{Minibuffer File,Default Directory}. |
290 | |
291 @item Defun | |
292 A defun is a list at the top level of parenthesis or bracket structure | |
293 in a program. It is so named because most such lists in Lisp programs | |
294 are calls to the Lisp function @code{defun}. @xref{Defuns}. | |
295 | |
296 @item @key{DEL} | |
297 @key{DEL} is a character that runs the command to delete one character of | |
298 text. @xref{Basic,DEL,Basic Editing}. | |
299 | |
300 @item Deletion | |
301 Deletion means erasing text without copying it into the kill ring | |
302 (q.v.@:). The alternative is killing (q.v.@:). @xref{Killing,Deletion}. | |
303 | |
304 @item Deletion of Files | |
305 Deleting a file means erasing it from the file system. | |
306 @xref{Misc File Ops}. | |
307 | |
308 @item Deletion of Messages | |
309 Deleting a message means flagging it to be eliminated from your mail | |
310 file. Until you expunge (q.v.@:) the Rmail file, you can still undelete | |
311 the messages you have deleted. @xref{Rmail Deletion}. | |
312 | |
313 @item Deletion of Windows | |
314 Deleting a window means eliminating it from the screen. Other windows | |
315 expand to use up the space. The deleted window can never come back, | |
316 but no actual text is thereby lost. @xref{Windows}. | |
317 | |
318 @item Directory | |
319 File directories are named collections in the file system, within which | |
320 you can place individual files or subdirectories. @xref{Directories}. | |
321 | |
322 @item Dired | |
323 Dired is the Emacs facility that displays the contents of a file | |
324 directory and allows you to ``edit the directory,'' performing | |
325 operations on the files in the directory. @xref{Dired}. | |
326 | |
327 @item Disabled Command | |
328 A disabled command is one that you may not run without special | |
329 confirmation. The usual reason for disabling a command is that it is | |
330 confusing for beginning users. @xref{Disabling}. | |
331 | |
332 @item Down Event | |
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333 Short for `button down event' (q.v.@:). |
25829 | 334 |
335 @item Drag Event | |
336 A drag event is the kind of input event generated when you press a mouse | |
337 button, move the mouse, and then release the button. @xref{Mouse | |
338 Buttons}. | |
339 | |
340 @item Dribble File | |
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341 A dribble file is a file into which Emacs writes all the characters that |
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342 the user types on the keyboard. Dribble files are used to make a record |
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343 for debugging Emacs bugs. Emacs does not make a dribble file unless you |
25829 | 344 tell it to. @xref{Bugs}. |
345 | |
346 @item Echo Area | |
347 The echo area is the bottom line of the screen, used for echoing the | |
348 arguments to commands, for asking questions, and printing brief messages | |
349 (including error messages). The messages are stored in the buffer | |
350 @samp{*Messages*} so you can review them later. @xref{Echo Area}. | |
351 | |
352 @item Echoing | |
353 Echoing is acknowledging the receipt of commands by displaying them (in | |
354 the echo area). Emacs never echoes single-character key sequences; | |
355 longer key sequences echo only if you pause while typing them. | |
356 | |
357 @item Electric | |
358 We say that a character is electric if it is normally self-inserting | |
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359 (q.v.@:), but the current major mode (q.v.@:) redefines it to do something |
25829 | 360 else as well. For example, some programming language major modes define |
361 particular delimiter characters to reindent the line or insert one or | |
362 more newlines in addition to self-insertion. | |
363 | |
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364 @item End Of Line |
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365 End of line is a character or characters which signal an end of a text |
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366 line. On GNU and Unix systems, this is a newline (.q.v.@:), but other |
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367 systems have other conventions. @xref{Coding Systems,end-of-line}. |
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368 Emacs can recognize several end-of-line conventions in files and convert |
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369 between them. |
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370 |
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371 @item Environment Variable |
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372 An environment variable is one of a collection of variables stored by |
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373 the operating system, each one having a name and a value. Emacs can |
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374 access environment variables set by its parent shell, and it can set |
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375 variables in the environment it passes to programs it invokes. |
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376 @xref{Environment}. |
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377 |
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378 @item EOL |
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379 See `end of line.' |
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380 |
25829 | 381 @item Error |
382 An error occurs when an Emacs command cannot execute in the current | |
383 circumstances. When an error occurs, execution of the command stops | |
384 (unless the command has been programmed to do otherwise) and Emacs | |
385 reports the error by printing an error message (q.v.@:). Type-ahead | |
386 is discarded. Then Emacs is ready to read another editing command. | |
387 | |
388 @item Error Message | |
389 An error message is a single line of output displayed by Emacs when the | |
390 user asks for something impossible to do (such as, killing text | |
391 forward when point is at the end of the buffer). They appear in the | |
392 echo area, accompanied by a beep. | |
393 | |
394 @item @key{ESC} | |
395 @key{ESC} is a character used as a prefix for typing Meta characters on | |
396 keyboards lacking a @key{META} key. Unlike the @key{META} key (which, | |
397 like the @key{SHIFT} key, is held down while another character is | |
398 typed), you press the @key{ESC} key as you would press a letter key, and | |
399 it applies to the next character you type. | |
400 | |
401 @item Expunging | |
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402 Expunging an Rmail file or Dired buffer or a Gnus newsgroup buffer is an |
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403 operation that truly discards the messages or files you have previously |
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404 flagged for deletion. |
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405 |
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406 @item Face |
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407 A face is a style of displaying characters. It specifies attributes |
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408 such as font family and size, foreground and background colors, |
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409 underline and strike-through, background stipple, etc. Emacs provides |
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410 features to associate specific faces with portions of buffer text, in |
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411 order to display that text as specified by the face attributes. |
25829 | 412 |
413 @item File Locking | |
414 Emacs used file locking to notice when two different users | |
415 start to edit one file at the same time. @xref{Interlocking}. | |
416 | |
417 @item File Name | |
418 A file name is a name that refers to a file. File names may be relative | |
419 or absolute; the meaning of a relative file name depends on the current | |
420 directory, but an absolute file name refers to the same file regardless | |
421 of which directory is current. On GNU and Unix systems, an absolute | |
422 file name starts with a slash (the root directory) or with @samp{~/} or | |
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423 @samp{~@var{user}/} (a home directory). On MS-Windows/MS-DOS, and |
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424 absolute file name can also start with a drive letter and a colon |
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425 @samp{@var{d}:}. |
25829 | 426 |
427 Some people use the term ``pathname'' for file names, but we do not; | |
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428 we use the word ``path'' only in the term ``search path'' (q.v.@:). |
25829 | 429 |
430 @item File-Name Component | |
431 A file-name component names a file directly within a particular | |
432 directory. On GNU and Unix systems, a file name is a sequence of | |
433 file-name components, separated by slashes. For example, @file{foo/bar} | |
434 is a file name containing two components, @samp{foo} and @samp{bar}; it | |
435 refers to the file named @samp{bar} in the directory named @samp{foo} in | |
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436 the current directory. MS-DOS/MS-Windows file names can also use |
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437 backslashes to separate components, as in @file{foo\bar}. |
25829 | 438 |
439 @item Fill Prefix | |
440 The fill prefix is a string that should be expected at the beginning | |
441 of each line when filling is done. It is not regarded as part of the | |
442 text to be filled. @xref{Filling}. | |
443 | |
444 @item Filling | |
445 Filling text means shifting text between consecutive lines so that all | |
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446 the lines are approximately the same length. @xref{Filling}. Some |
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447 other editors call this feature `line wrapping.' |
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448 |
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449 @item Font Lock |
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450 Font Lock is a mode that highlights parts of buffer text according to |
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451 its syntax. @xref{Font Lock}. |
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452 |
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453 @item Fontset |
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454 A fontset is a named collection of fonts. A fontset specification lists |
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455 character sets and which font to use to display each of them. Fontsets |
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456 make it easy to change several fonts at once by specifying the name of a |
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457 fontset, rather than changing each font separately. @xref{Fontsets}. |
25829 | 458 |
459 @item Formatted Text | |
460 Formatted text is text that displays with formatting information while | |
461 you edit. Formatting information includes fonts, colors, and specified | |
462 margins. @xref{Formatted Text}. | |
463 | |
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464 @item Formfeed Character |
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465 See `page.' |
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466 |
25829 | 467 @item Frame |
468 A frame is a rectangular cluster of Emacs windows. Emacs starts out | |
469 with one frame, but you can create more. You can subdivide each frame | |
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470 into Emacs windows (q.v.@:). When you are using a windowing system, all |
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471 the frames can be visible at the same time. @xref{Frames}. Some |
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472 other editors use the term ``window'' for this, but in Emacs a window |
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473 means something else. |
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474 |
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475 @item Fringe |
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476 On windowed displays, there's a narrow portion of the frame (q.v.@:) |
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477 between the text area and the window's border. Emacs displays the |
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478 fringe using a special face (q.v.@:) called @code{fringe}. |
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479 @xref{Faces,fringe}. |
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480 |
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481 @item FTP |
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482 FTP is an acronym for File Transfer Protocol. Emacs uses an FTP client |
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483 program to provide access to remote files (q.v.@:). |
25829 | 484 |
485 @item Function Key | |
486 A function key is a key on the keyboard that sends input but does not | |
487 correspond to any character. @xref{Function Keys}. | |
488 | |
489 @item Global | |
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490 Global means ``independent of the current environment; in effect |
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491 throughout Emacs.'' It is the opposite of local (q.v.@:). Particular |
25829 | 492 examples of the use of `global' appear below. |
493 | |
494 @item Global Abbrev | |
495 A global definition of an abbrev (q.v.@:) is effective in all major | |
496 modes that do not have local (q.v.@:) definitions for the same abbrev. | |
497 @xref{Abbrevs}. | |
498 | |
499 @item Global Keymap | |
500 The global keymap (q.v.@:) contains key bindings that are in effect | |
501 except when overridden by local key bindings in a major mode's local | |
502 keymap (q.v.@:). @xref{Keymaps}. | |
503 | |
504 @item Global Mark Ring | |
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505 The global mark ring records the series of buffers you have recently |
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506 set a mark (q.v.@:) in. In many cases you can use this to backtrack |
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507 through buffers you have been editing in, or in which you have found |
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508 tags (see `tags table'). @xref{Global Mark Ring}. |
25829 | 509 |
510 @item Global Substitution | |
511 Global substitution means replacing each occurrence of one string by | |
512 another string through a large amount of text. @xref{Replace}. | |
513 | |
514 @item Global Variable | |
515 The global value of a variable (q.v.@:) takes effect in all buffers | |
516 that do not have their own local (q.v.@:) values for the variable. | |
517 @xref{Variables}. | |
518 | |
519 @item Graphic Character | |
520 Graphic characters are those assigned pictorial images rather than | |
521 just names. All the non-Meta (q.v.@:) characters except for the | |
522 Control (q.v.@:) characters are graphic characters. These include | |
523 letters, digits, punctuation, and spaces; they do not include | |
524 @key{RET} or @key{ESC}. In Emacs, typing a graphic character inserts | |
525 that character (in ordinary editing modes). @xref{Basic,,Basic Editing}. | |
526 | |
527 @item Highlighting | |
528 Highlighting text means displaying it with a different foreground and/or | |
529 background color to make it stand out from the rest of the text in the | |
530 buffer. | |
531 | |
532 @item Hardcopy | |
533 Hardcopy means printed output. Emacs has commands for making printed | |
534 listings of text in Emacs buffers. @xref{Hardcopy}. | |
535 | |
536 @item @key{HELP} | |
537 @key{HELP} is the Emacs name for @kbd{C-h} or @key{F1}. You can type | |
538 @key{HELP} at any time to ask what options you have, or to ask what any | |
539 command does. @xref{Help}. | |
540 | |
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541 @item Help Echo |
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542 Help echo is a short message printed in the echo area when the mouse |
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543 pointer is located on portions of display that require some |
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544 explanations. Emacs displays help echo for menu items, parts of the |
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545 mode line, tool-bar buttons, etc. On graphics displays, the messages |
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546 can be displayed as tooltips (q.v.@:). @xref{Tooltips}. |
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547 |
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548 @item Hook |
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549 A hook is a list of functions to be called on specific occasions, such |
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550 as saving a buffer in a file, major mode activation, etc. By |
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551 customizing the various hooks, you can modify Emacs's behavior without |
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552 changing any of its code. @xref{Hooks}. |
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553 |
25829 | 554 @item Hyper |
555 Hyper is the name of a modifier bit which a keyboard input character may | |
556 have. To make a character Hyper, type it while holding down the | |
557 @key{HYPER} key. Such characters are given names that start with | |
558 @kbd{Hyper-} (usually written @kbd{H-} for short). @xref{User Input, | |
559 Hyper}. | |
560 | |
561 @item Inbox | |
562 An inbox is a file in which mail is delivered by the operating system. | |
563 Rmail transfers mail from inboxes to Rmail files (q.v.@:) in which the | |
564 mail is then stored permanently or until explicitly deleted. | |
565 @xref{Rmail Inbox}. | |
566 | |
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567 @item Incremental Search |
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568 Emacs provides an incremental search facility, whereby Emacs searches |
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569 for the string as you type it. @xref{Incremental Search}. |
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570 |
25829 | 571 @item Indentation |
572 Indentation means blank space at the beginning of a line. Most | |
573 programming languages have conventions for using indentation to | |
574 illuminate the structure of the program, and Emacs has special | |
575 commands to adjust indentation. | |
576 @xref{Indentation}. | |
577 | |
578 @item Indirect Buffer | |
579 An indirect buffer is a buffer that shares the text of another buffer, | |
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580 called its base buffer (q.v.@:). @xref{Indirect Buffers}. |
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581 |
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582 @item Info |
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583 Info is the hypertext format used by the GNU project for writing |
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584 documentation. |
25829 | 585 |
586 @item Input Event | |
587 An input event represents, within Emacs, one action taken by the user on | |
588 the terminal. Input events include typing characters, typing function | |
589 keys, pressing or releasing mouse buttons, and switching between Emacs | |
590 frames. @xref{User Input}. | |
591 | |
592 @item Input Method | |
593 An input method is a system for entering non-ASCII text characters by | |
594 typing sequences of ASCII characters (q.v.@:). @xref{Input Methods}. | |
595 | |
596 @item Insertion | |
597 Insertion means copying text into the buffer, either from the keyboard | |
598 or from some other place in Emacs. | |
599 | |
600 @item Interlocking | |
601 Interlocking is a feature for warning when you start to alter a file | |
602 that someone else is already editing. @xref{Interlocking,,Simultaneous | |
603 Editing}. | |
604 | |
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605 @item Isearch |
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606 See `incremental search.' |
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607 |
25829 | 608 @item Justification |
609 Justification means adding extra spaces to lines of text to make them | |
610 come exactly to a specified width. @xref{Filling,Justification}. | |
611 | |
612 @item Keyboard Macro | |
613 Keyboard macros are a way of defining new Emacs commands from | |
614 sequences of existing ones, with no need to write a Lisp program. | |
615 @xref{Keyboard Macros}. | |
616 | |
617 @item Key Sequence | |
618 A key sequence (key, for short) is a sequence of input events (q.v.@:) | |
619 that are meaningful as a single unit. If the key sequence is enough to | |
620 specify one action, it is a complete key (q.v.@:); if it is not enough, | |
621 it is a prefix key (q.v.@:). @xref{Keys}. | |
622 | |
623 @item Keymap | |
624 The keymap is the data structure that records the bindings (q.v.@:) of | |
625 key sequences to the commands that they run. For example, the global | |
626 keymap binds the character @kbd{C-n} to the command function | |
627 @code{next-line}. @xref{Keymaps}. | |
628 | |
629 @item Keyboard Translation Table | |
630 The keyboard translation table is an array that translates the character | |
631 codes that come from the terminal into the character codes that make up | |
632 key sequences. @xref{Keyboard Translations}. | |
633 | |
634 @item Kill Ring | |
635 The kill ring is where all text you have killed recently is saved. | |
636 You can reinsert any of the killed text still in the ring; this is | |
637 called yanking (q.v.@:). @xref{Yanking}. | |
638 | |
639 @item Killing | |
640 Killing means erasing text and saving it on the kill ring so it can be | |
641 yanked (q.v.@:) later. Some other systems call this ``cutting.'' | |
642 Most Emacs commands to erase text do killing, as opposed to deletion | |
643 (q.v.@:). @xref{Killing}. | |
644 | |
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645 @item Killing a Job |
25829 | 646 Killing a job (such as, an invocation of Emacs) means making it cease |
647 to exist. Any data within it, if not saved in a file, is lost. | |
648 @xref{Exiting}. | |
649 | |
650 @item Language Environment | |
651 Your choice of language environment specifies defaults for the input | |
652 method (q.v.@:) and coding system (q.v.@:). @xref{Language | |
653 Environments}. These defaults are relevant if you edit non-ASCII text | |
654 (@pxref{International}). | |
655 | |
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656 @item Line Wrapping |
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657 See `filling.' |
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658 |
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659 @item Lisp |
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660 Lisp is a programming language. Most of Emacs is written in a dialect |
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661 of Lisp, called Emacs Lisp, that is extended with special features which |
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662 make it especially suitable for text editing tasks. |
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663 |
25829 | 664 @item List |
665 A list is, approximately, a text string beginning with an open | |
666 parenthesis and ending with the matching close parenthesis. In C mode | |
667 and other non-Lisp modes, groupings surrounded by other kinds of matched | |
668 delimiters appropriate to the language, such as braces, are also | |
669 considered lists. Emacs has special commands for many operations on | |
670 lists. @xref{Lists}. | |
671 | |
672 @item Local | |
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673 Local means ``in effect only in a particular context''; the relevant |
25829 | 674 kind of context is a particular function execution, a particular |
675 buffer, or a particular major mode. It is the opposite of `global' | |
676 (q.v.@:). Specific uses of `local' in Emacs terminology appear below. | |
677 | |
678 @item Local Abbrev | |
679 A local abbrev definition is effective only if a particular major mode | |
680 is selected. In that major mode, it overrides any global definition | |
681 for the same abbrev. @xref{Abbrevs}. | |
682 | |
683 @item Local Keymap | |
684 A local keymap is used in a particular major mode; the key bindings | |
685 (q.v.@:) in the current local keymap override global bindings of the | |
686 same key sequences. @xref{Keymaps}. | |
687 | |
688 @item Local Variable | |
689 A local value of a variable (q.v.@:) applies to only one buffer. | |
690 @xref{Locals}. | |
691 | |
692 @item @kbd{M-} | |
693 @kbd{M-} in the name of a character is an abbreviation for @key{META}, | |
694 one of the modifier keys that can accompany any character. | |
695 @xref{User Input}. | |
696 | |
697 @item @kbd{M-C-} | |
698 @kbd{M-C-} in the name of a character is an abbreviation for | |
699 Control-Meta; it means the same thing as @kbd{C-M-}. If your | |
700 terminal lacks a real @key{META} key, you type a Control-Meta character by | |
701 typing @key{ESC} and then typing the corresponding Control character. | |
702 @xref{User Input,C-M-}. | |
703 | |
704 @item @kbd{M-x} | |
705 @kbd{M-x} is the key sequence which is used to call an Emacs command by | |
706 name. This is how you run commands that are not bound to key sequences. | |
707 @xref{M-x}. | |
708 | |
709 @item Mail | |
710 Mail means messages sent from one user to another through the computer | |
711 system, to be read at the recipient's convenience. Emacs has commands for | |
712 composing and sending mail, and for reading and editing the mail you have | |
713 received. @xref{Sending Mail}. @xref{Rmail}, for how to read mail. | |
714 | |
715 @item Mail Composition Method | |
716 A mail composition method is a program runnable within Emacs for editing | |
717 and sending a mail message. Emacs lets you select from several | |
718 alternative mail composition methods. @xref{Mail Methods}. | |
719 | |
720 @item Major Mode | |
721 The Emacs major modes are a mutually exclusive set of options, each of | |
722 which configures Emacs for editing a certain sort of text. Ideally, | |
723 each programming language has its own major mode. @xref{Major Modes}. | |
724 | |
725 @item Mark | |
726 The mark points to a position in the text. It specifies one end of the | |
727 region (q.v.@:), point being the other end. Many commands operate on | |
728 all the text from point to the mark. Each buffer has its own mark. | |
729 @xref{Mark}. | |
730 | |
731 @item Mark Ring | |
732 The mark ring is used to hold several recent previous locations of the | |
733 mark, just in case you want to move back to them. Each buffer has its | |
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734 own mark ring; in addition, there is a single global mark ring (q.v.@:). |
25829 | 735 @xref{Mark Ring}. |
736 | |
737 @item Menu Bar | |
738 The menu bar is the line at the top of an Emacs frame. It contains | |
33746 | 739 words you can click on with the mouse to bring up menus, or you can use |
740 a keyboard interface to navigate it. @xref{Menu Bars}. | |
25829 | 741 |
742 @item Message | |
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743 See `mail.' |
25829 | 744 |
745 @item Meta | |
746 Meta is the name of a modifier bit which a command character may have. | |
747 It is present in a character if the character is typed with the | |
748 @key{META} key held down. Such characters are given names that start | |
749 with @kbd{Meta-} (usually written @kbd{M-} for short). For example, | |
750 @kbd{M-<} is typed by holding down @key{META} and at the same time | |
751 typing @kbd{<} (which itself is done, on most terminals, by holding | |
752 down @key{SHIFT} and typing @kbd{,}). @xref{User Input,Meta}. | |
753 | |
754 @item Meta Character | |
755 A Meta character is one whose character code includes the Meta bit. | |
756 | |
757 @item Minibuffer | |
758 The minibuffer is the window that appears when necessary inside the | |
759 echo area (q.v.@:), used for reading arguments to commands. | |
760 @xref{Minibuffer}. | |
761 | |
762 @item Minibuffer History | |
763 The minibuffer history records the text you have specified in the past | |
764 for minibuffer arguments, so you can conveniently use the same text | |
765 again. @xref{Minibuffer History}. | |
766 | |
767 @item Minor Mode | |
768 A minor mode is an optional feature of Emacs which can be switched on | |
769 or off independently of all other features. Each minor mode has a | |
770 command to turn it on or off. @xref{Minor Modes}. | |
771 | |
772 @item Minor Mode Keymap | |
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773 A minor mode keymap is a keymap that belongs to a minor mode and is |
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774 active when that mode is enabled. Minor mode keymaps take precedence |
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775 over the buffer's local keymap, just as the local keymap takes |
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776 precedence over the global keymap. @xref{Keymaps}. |
25829 | 777 |
778 @item Mode Line | |
779 The mode line is the line at the bottom of each window (q.v.@:), giving | |
780 status information on the buffer displayed in that window. @xref{Mode | |
781 Line}. | |
782 | |
783 @item Modified Buffer | |
784 A buffer (q.v.@:) is modified if its text has been changed since the | |
785 last time the buffer was saved (or since when it was created, if it | |
786 has never been saved). @xref{Saving}. | |
787 | |
788 @item Moving Text | |
789 Moving text means erasing it from one place and inserting it in | |
790 another. The usual way to move text by killing (q.v.@:) and then | |
791 yanking (q.v.@:). @xref{Killing}. | |
792 | |
793 @item MULE | |
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794 MULE refers to the Emacs features for editing multilingual non-ASCII text |
25829 | 795 using multibyte characters (q.v.@:). @xref{International}. |
796 | |
797 @item Multibyte Character | |
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798 A multibyte character is a character that takes up several bytes in a |
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799 buffer. Emacs uses multibyte characters to represent non-ASCII text, |
25829 | 800 since the number of non-ASCII characters is much more than 256. |
801 @xref{International Intro}. | |
802 | |
803 @item Named Mark | |
804 A named mark is a register (q.v.@:) in its role of recording a | |
805 location in text so that you can move point to that location. | |
806 @xref{Registers}. | |
807 | |
808 @item Narrowing | |
809 Narrowing means creating a restriction (q.v.@:) that limits editing in | |
810 the current buffer to only a part of the text in the buffer. Text | |
811 outside that part is inaccessible to the user until the boundaries are | |
812 widened again, but it is still there, and saving the file saves it | |
813 all. @xref{Narrowing}. | |
814 | |
815 @item Newline | |
816 Control-J characters in the buffer terminate lines of text and are | |
817 therefore also called newlines. @xref{Text Characters,Newline}. | |
818 | |
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819 @cindex nil |
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820 @cindex t |
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821 @item @code{nil} |
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822 @code{nil} is a value usually interpreted as a logical ``false.'' Its |
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823 opposite is @code{t}, interpreted as ``true.'' |
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824 |
25829 | 825 @item Numeric Argument |
826 A numeric argument is a number, specified before a command, to change | |
827 the effect of the command. Often the numeric argument serves as a | |
828 repeat count. @xref{Arguments}. | |
829 | |
830 @item Overwrite Mode | |
831 Overwrite mode is a minor mode. When it is enabled, ordinary text | |
832 characters replace the existing text after point rather than pushing | |
833 it to the right. @xref{Minor Modes}. | |
834 | |
835 @item Page | |
836 A page is a unit of text, delimited by formfeed characters (ASCII | |
837 control-L, code 014) coming at the beginning of a line. Some Emacs | |
838 commands are provided for moving over and operating on pages. | |
839 @xref{Pages}. | |
840 | |
841 @item Paragraph | |
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842 Paragraphs are the medium-size unit of human-language text. There are |
25829 | 843 special Emacs commands for moving over and operating on paragraphs. |
844 @xref{Paragraphs}. | |
845 | |
846 @item Parsing | |
847 We say that certain Emacs commands parse words or expressions in the | |
848 text being edited. Really, all they know how to do is find the other | |
849 end of a word or expression. @xref{Syntax}. | |
850 | |
851 @item Point | |
852 Point is the place in the buffer at which insertion and deletion | |
853 occur. Point is considered to be between two characters, not at one | |
854 character. The terminal's cursor (q.v.@:) indicates the location of | |
855 point. @xref{Basic,Point}. | |
856 | |
857 @item Prefix Argument | |
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858 See `numeric argument.' |
25829 | 859 |
860 @item Prefix Key | |
861 A prefix key is a key sequence (q.v.@:) whose sole function is to | |
862 introduce a set of longer key sequences. @kbd{C-x} is an example of | |
863 prefix key; any two-character sequence starting with @kbd{C-x} is | |
864 therefore a legitimate key sequence. @xref{Keys}. | |
865 | |
866 @item Primary Rmail File | |
867 Your primary Rmail file is the file named @samp{RMAIL} in your home | |
868 directory. That's where Rmail stores your incoming mail, unless you | |
869 specify a different file name. @xref{Rmail}. | |
870 | |
871 @item Primary Selection | |
872 The primary selection is one particular X selection (q.v.@:); it is the | |
873 selection that most X applications use for transferring text to and from | |
874 other applications. | |
875 | |
876 The Emacs kill commands set the primary selection and the yank command | |
877 uses the primary selection when appropriate. @xref{Killing}. | |
878 | |
879 @item Prompt | |
880 A prompt is text printed to ask the user for input. Displaying a prompt | |
881 is called prompting. Emacs prompts always appear in the echo area | |
882 (q.v.@:). One kind of prompting happens when the minibuffer is used to | |
883 read an argument (@pxref{Minibuffer}); the echoing which happens when | |
884 you pause in the middle of typing a multi-character key sequence is also | |
885 a kind of prompting (@pxref{Echo Area}). | |
886 | |
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887 @item Query-Replace |
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888 Query-replace is an interactive string replacement feature provided by |
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889 Emacs. @xref{Query Replace}. |
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890 |
25829 | 891 @item Quitting |
892 Quitting means canceling a partially typed command or a running | |
893 command, using @kbd{C-g} (or @kbd{C-@key{BREAK}} on MS-DOS). @xref{Quitting}. | |
894 | |
895 @item Quoting | |
896 Quoting means depriving a character of its usual special significance. | |
897 The most common kind of quoting in Emacs is with @kbd{C-q}. What | |
898 constitutes special significance depends on the context and on | |
899 convention. For example, an ``ordinary'' character as an Emacs command | |
900 inserts itself; so in this context, a special character is any character | |
901 that does not normally insert itself (such as @key{DEL}, for example), | |
902 and quoting it makes it insert itself as if it were not special. Not | |
903 all contexts allow quoting. @xref{Basic,Quoting,Basic Editing}. | |
904 | |
905 @item Quoting File Names | |
906 Quoting a file name turns off the special significance of constructs | |
907 such as @samp{$}, @samp{~} and @samp{:}. @xref{Quoted File Names}. | |
908 | |
909 @item Read-Only Buffer | |
910 A read-only buffer is one whose text you are not allowed to change. | |
911 Normally Emacs makes buffers read-only when they contain text which | |
912 has a special significance to Emacs; for example, Dired buffers. | |
913 Visiting a file that is write-protected also makes a read-only buffer. | |
914 @xref{Buffers}. | |
915 | |
916 @item Rectangle | |
917 A rectangle consists of the text in a given range of columns on a given | |
918 range of lines. Normally you specify a rectangle by putting point at | |
919 one corner and putting the mark at the opposite corner. | |
920 @xref{Rectangles}. | |
921 | |
922 @item Recursive Editing Level | |
923 A recursive editing level is a state in which part of the execution of | |
924 a command involves asking the user to edit some text. This text may | |
925 or may not be the same as the text to which the command was applied. | |
926 The mode line indicates recursive editing levels with square brackets | |
927 (@samp{[} and @samp{]}). @xref{Recursive Edit}. | |
928 | |
929 @item Redisplay | |
930 Redisplay is the process of correcting the image on the screen to | |
931 correspond to changes that have been made in the text being edited. | |
932 @xref{Screen,Redisplay}. | |
933 | |
934 @item Regexp | |
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935 See `regular expression.' |
25829 | 936 |
937 @item Region | |
938 The region is the text between point (q.v.@:) and the mark (q.v.@:). | |
939 Many commands operate on the text of the region. @xref{Mark,Region}. | |
940 | |
941 @item Registers | |
942 Registers are named slots in which text or buffer positions or | |
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943 rectangles can be saved for later use. @xref{Registers}. A related |
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944 Emacs feature is `bookmarks' (q.v.@:). |
25829 | 945 |
946 @item Regular Expression | |
947 A regular expression is a pattern that can match various text strings; | |
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948 for example, @samp{a[0-9]+} matches @samp{a} followed by one or more |
25829 | 949 digits. @xref{Regexps}. |
950 | |
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951 @item Remote File |
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952 A remote file is a file that is stored on a system other than your own. |
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953 Emacs can access files on other computers provided that they are |
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954 connected to the same network as your machine. @xref{Remote Files}. |
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955 |
25829 | 956 @item Repeat Count |
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957 See `numeric argument.' |
25829 | 958 |
959 @item Replacement | |
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960 See `global substitution.' |
25829 | 961 |
962 @item Restriction | |
963 A buffer's restriction is the amount of text, at the beginning or the | |
964 end of the buffer, that is temporarily inaccessible. Giving a buffer a | |
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965 nonzero amount of restriction is called narrowing (q.v.@:); removing |
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966 a restriction is called widening (q.v.@:). @xref{Narrowing}. |
25829 | 967 |
968 @item @key{RET} | |
969 @key{RET} is a character that in Emacs runs the command to insert a | |
970 newline into the text. It is also used to terminate most arguments | |
971 read in the minibuffer (q.v.@:). @xref{User Input,Return}. | |
972 | |
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973 @item Reverting |
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974 Reverting means returning to the original state. Emacs lets you |
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975 revert a buffer by re-reading its file from disk. @xref{Reverting}. |
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976 |
25829 | 977 @item Rmail File |
978 An Rmail file is a file containing text in a special format used by | |
979 Rmail for storing mail. @xref{Rmail}. | |
980 | |
981 @item Saving | |
982 Saving a buffer means copying its text into the file that was visited | |
983 (q.v.@:) in that buffer. This is the way text in files actually gets | |
984 changed by your Emacs editing. @xref{Saving}. | |
985 | |
986 @item Scroll Bar | |
987 A scroll bar is a tall thin hollow box that appears at the side of a | |
988 window. You can use mouse commands in the scroll bar to scroll the | |
33746 | 989 window. The scroll bar feature is supported only under windowing |
990 systems. @xref{Scroll Bars}. | |
25829 | 991 |
992 @item Scrolling | |
993 Scrolling means shifting the text in the Emacs window so as to see a | |
994 different part of the buffer. @xref{Display,Scrolling}. | |
995 | |
996 @item Searching | |
997 Searching means moving point to the next occurrence of a specified | |
998 string or the next match for a specified regular expression. | |
999 @xref{Search}. | |
1000 | |
1001 @item Search Path | |
1002 A search path is a list of directory names, to be used for searching for | |
1003 files for certain purposes. For example, the variable @code{load-path} | |
1004 holds a search path for finding Lisp library files. @xref{Lisp Libraries}. | |
1005 | |
1006 @item Secondary Selection | |
1007 The secondary selection is one particular X selection; some X | |
1008 applications can use it for transferring text to and from other | |
1009 applications. Emacs has special mouse commands for transferring text | |
1010 using the secondary selection. @xref{Secondary Selection}. | |
1011 | |
1012 @item Selecting | |
1013 Selecting a buffer means making it the current (q.v.@:) buffer. | |
1014 @xref{Buffers,Selecting}. | |
1015 | |
1016 @item Selection | |
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1017 Windowing systems allow an application program to specify |
25829 | 1018 selections whose values are text. A program can also read the |
1019 selections that other programs have set up. This is the principal way | |
1020 of transferring text between window applications. Emacs has commands to | |
1021 work with the primary (q.v.@:) selection and the secondary (q.v.@:) | |
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1022 selection, and also with the clipboard (q.v.@:). |
25829 | 1023 |
1024 @item Self-Documentation | |
1025 Self-documentation is the feature of Emacs which can tell you what any | |
1026 command does, or give you a list of all commands related to a topic | |
1027 you specify. You ask for self-documentation with the help character, | |
1028 @kbd{C-h}. @xref{Help}. | |
1029 | |
1030 @item Self-Inserting Character | |
1031 A character is self-inserting if typing that character inserts that | |
1032 character in the buffer. Ordinary printing and whitespace characters | |
1033 are self-inserting in Emacs, except in certain special major modes. | |
1034 | |
1035 @item Sentences | |
1036 Emacs has commands for moving by or killing by sentences. | |
1037 @xref{Sentences}. | |
1038 | |
1039 @item Sexp | |
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1040 A sexp (short for ``s-expression'') is the basic syntactic unit of Lisp |
25829 | 1041 in its textual form: either a list, or Lisp atom. Many Emacs commands |
1042 operate on sexps. The term `sexp' is generalized to languages other | |
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1043 than Lisp, to mean a syntactically recognizable expression, such as a |
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1044 block or a parenthesized expression in C. @xref{Lists,Sexps}. |
25829 | 1045 |
1046 @item Simultaneous Editing | |
1047 Simultaneous editing means two users modifying the same file at once. | |
1048 Simultaneous editing if not detected can cause one user to lose his | |
1049 work. Emacs detects all cases of simultaneous editing and warns one of | |
1050 the users to investigate. @xref{Interlocking,,Simultaneous Editing}. | |
1051 | |
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1052 @item Speedbar |
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1053 Speedbar is a special tall frame that provides fast access to Emacs |
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1054 buffers, functions within those buffers, Info nodes, and other |
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1055 interesting parts of text within Emacs. @xref{Speedbar}. |
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1056 |
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1057 @item Spell Checking |
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1058 Spell checking means checking correctness of the written form of each |
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1059 one of the words in a text. Emacs uses the Ispell spelling-checker |
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1060 program to check the spelling of parts of a buffer via a convenient user |
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1061 interface. @xref{Spelling}. |
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1062 |
25829 | 1063 @item String |
1064 A string is a kind of Lisp data object which contains a sequence of | |
1065 characters. Many Emacs variables are intended to have strings as | |
1066 values. The Lisp syntax for a string consists of the characters in the | |
1067 string with a @samp{"} before and another @samp{"} after. A @samp{"} | |
1068 that is part of the string must be written as @samp{\"} and a @samp{\} | |
1069 that is part of the string must be written as @samp{\\}. All other | |
1070 characters, including newline, can be included just by writing them | |
1071 inside the string; however, backslash sequences as in C, such as | |
1072 @samp{\n} for newline or @samp{\241} using an octal character code, are | |
1073 allowed as well. | |
1074 | |
1075 @item String Substitution | |
1076 See `global substitution'. | |
1077 | |
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1078 @item Syntax Highlighting |
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1079 See `font lock.' |
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1080 |
25829 | 1081 @item Syntax Table |
1082 The syntax table tells Emacs which characters are part of a word, | |
1083 which characters balance each other like parentheses, etc. | |
1084 @xref{Syntax}. | |
1085 | |
1086 @item Super | |
1087 Super is the name of a modifier bit which a keyboard input character may | |
1088 have. To make a character Super, type it while holding down the | |
1089 @key{SUPER} key. Such characters are given names that start with | |
1090 @kbd{Super-} (usually written @kbd{s-} for short). @xref{User Input, | |
1091 Super}. | |
1092 | |
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1093 @item Suspending |
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1094 Suspending Emacs means stopping it temporarily and returning control |
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1095 to its parent process, which is usually a shell. Unlike killing a job |
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1096 (q.v.@:), you can later resume the suspended Emacs job without losing |
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1097 your buffers, unsaved edits, undo history, etc. @xref{Exiting}. |
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1098 |
25829 | 1099 @item Tags Table |
1100 A tags table is a file that serves as an index to the function | |
1101 definitions in one or more other files. @xref{Tags}. | |
1102 | |
1103 @item Termscript File | |
1104 A termscript file contains a record of all characters sent by Emacs to | |
1105 the terminal. It is used for tracking down bugs in Emacs redisplay. | |
1106 Emacs does not make a termscript file unless you tell it to. | |
1107 @xref{Bugs}. | |
1108 | |
1109 @item Text | |
1110 Two meanings (@pxref{Text}): | |
1111 | |
1112 @itemize @bullet | |
1113 @item | |
1114 Data consisting of a sequence of characters, as opposed to binary | |
1115 numbers, images, graphics commands, executable programs, and the like. | |
1116 The contents of an Emacs buffer are always text in this sense. | |
1117 @item | |
1118 Data consisting of written human language, as opposed to programs, | |
1119 or following the stylistic conventions of human language. | |
1120 @end itemize | |
1121 | |
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1122 @item Text-only Terminal |
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1123 A text-only terminal is a display that is limited to displaying text in |
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1124 character units. Such a terminal cannot control individual pixels it |
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1125 displays. Emacs supports a subset of display features on text-only |
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1126 terminals. |
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1127 |
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1128 @item Tool Bar |
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1129 The tool bar is a line (sometimes multiple lines) of icons at the top |
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1130 of an Emacs frame. Clicking on one of these icons executes a command. |
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1131 You can think of this as a graphical relative of the menu bar (q.v.@:). |
36210 | 1132 @xref{Tool Bars}. |
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1133 |
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1134 @item Tooltips |
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1135 Tooltips are small windows displaying a help echo (q.v.@:) text that |
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1136 explains parts of the display, lists useful options available via mouse |
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1137 clicks, etc. @xref{Tooltips}. |
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1138 |
25829 | 1139 @item Top Level |
1140 Top level is the normal state of Emacs, in which you are editing the | |
1141 text of the file you have visited. You are at top level whenever you | |
1142 are not in a recursive editing level (q.v.@:) or the minibuffer | |
1143 (q.v.@:), and not in the middle of a command. You can get back to top | |
1144 level by aborting (q.v.@:) and quitting (q.v.@:). @xref{Quitting}. | |
1145 | |
1146 @item Transposition | |
1147 Transposing two units of text means putting each one into the place | |
1148 formerly occupied by the other. There are Emacs commands to transpose | |
1149 two adjacent characters, words, sexps (q.v.@:) or lines | |
1150 (@pxref{Transpose}). | |
1151 | |
1152 @item Truncation | |
1153 Truncating text lines in the display means leaving out any text on a | |
1154 line that does not fit within the right margin of the window | |
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1155 displaying it. See also `continuation line.' |
25829 | 1156 @xref{Basic,Truncation,Basic Editing}. |
1157 | |
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1158 @item TTY |
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1159 See `text-only terminal.' |
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1160 |
25829 | 1161 @item Undoing |
1162 Undoing means making your previous editing go in reverse, bringing | |
1163 back the text that existed earlier in the editing session. | |
1164 @xref{Undo}. | |
1165 | |
1166 @item User Option | |
1167 A user option is a variable (q.v.@:) that exists so that you can customize | |
1168 Emacs by setting it to a new value. @xref{Variables}. | |
1169 | |
1170 @item Variable | |
1171 A variable is an object in Lisp that can store an arbitrary value. | |
1172 Emacs uses some variables for internal purposes, and has others (known | |
1173 as `user options' (q.v.@:)) just so that you can set their values to | |
1174 control the behavior of Emacs. The variables used in Emacs that you | |
1175 are likely to be interested in are listed in the Variables Index in | |
1176 this manual. @xref{Variables}, for information on variables. | |
1177 | |
1178 @item Version Control | |
1179 Version control systems keep track of multiple versions of a source file. | |
1180 They provide a more powerful alternative to keeping backup files (q.v.@:). | |
1181 @xref{Version Control}. | |
1182 | |
1183 @item Visiting | |
1184 Visiting a file means loading its contents into a buffer (q.v.@:) | |
1185 where they can be edited. @xref{Visiting}. | |
1186 | |
1187 @item Whitespace | |
1188 Whitespace is any run of consecutive formatting characters (space, | |
1189 tab, newline, and backspace). | |
1190 | |
1191 @item Widening | |
1192 Widening is removing any restriction (q.v.@:) on the current buffer; | |
1193 it is the opposite of narrowing (q.v.@:). @xref{Narrowing}. | |
1194 | |
1195 @item Window | |
1196 Emacs divides a frame (q.v.@:) into one or more windows, each of which | |
1197 can display the contents of one buffer (q.v.@:) at any time. | |
1198 @xref{Screen}, for basic information on how Emacs uses the screen. | |
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1199 @xref{Windows}, for commands to control the use of windows. Some |
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1200 other editors use the term ``window'' for what we call a `frame' |
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1201 (q.v.@:) in Emacs. |
25829 | 1202 |
1203 @item Word Abbrev | |
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1204 See `abbrev.' |
25829 | 1205 |
1206 @item Word Search | |
1207 Word search is searching for a sequence of words, considering the | |
1208 punctuation between them as insignificant. @xref{Word Search}. | |
1209 | |
1210 @item WYSIWYG | |
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1211 WYSIWYG stands for ``What you see is what you get.'' Emacs generally |
25829 | 1212 provides WYSIWYG editing for files of characters; in Enriched mode |
1213 (@pxref{Formatted Text}), it provides WYSIWYG editing for files that | |
1214 include text formatting information. | |
1215 | |
1216 @item Yanking | |
1217 Yanking means reinserting text previously killed. It can be used to | |
1218 undo a mistaken kill, or for copying or moving text. Some other | |
1219 systems call this ``pasting.'' @xref{Yanking}. | |
1220 @end table | |
1221 |