annotate man/msdog.texi @ 55897:305e52f43c69

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author Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
date Fri, 04 Jun 2004 00:12:24 +0000
parents 3649390c0f91
children 920d5b4fe0a2
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1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual.
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985,86,87,93,94,95,1997,2000,2001
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3 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
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5 @node MS-DOS, Manifesto, Mac OS, Top
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6 @appendix Emacs and MS-DOS
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7 @cindex MS-DOG
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8 @cindex MS-DOS peculiarities
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9
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10 This section briefly describes the peculiarities of using Emacs under
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11 the MS-DOS ``operating system'' (also known as ``MS-DOG''). If you
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12 build Emacs for MS-DOS, the binary will also run on Windows 3.X, Windows
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13 NT, Windows 9X/ME, Windows 2000, or OS/2 as a DOS application; the
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14 information in this chapter applies for all of those systems, if you use
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15 an Emacs that was built for MS-DOS.
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16
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17 Note that it is possible to build Emacs specifically for Windows NT/2K
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18 or Windows 9X/ME. If you do that, most of this chapter does not apply;
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19 instead, you get behavior much closer to what is documented in the rest
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20 of the manual, including support for long file names, multiple frames,
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21 scroll bars, mouse menus, and subprocesses. However, the section on
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22 text files and binary files does still apply. There are also two
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23 sections at the end of this chapter which apply specifically for the
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24 Windows version.
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25
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26 @menu
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27 * Input: MS-DOS Input. Keyboard and mouse usage on MS-DOS.
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28 * Display: MS-DOS Display. Fonts, frames and display size on MS-DOS.
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29 * Files: MS-DOS File Names. File name conventions on MS-DOS.
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30 * Text and Binary:: Text files on MS-DOS use CRLF to separate lines.
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31 * Printing: MS-DOS Printing. How to specify the printer on MS-DOS.
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32 * I18N: MS-DOS and MULE. Support for internationalization on MS-DOS.
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33 * Processes: MS-DOS Processes. Running subprocesses on MS-DOS.
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34 * Windows Processes:: Running subprocesses on Windows.
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35 * Windows System Menu:: Controlling what the ALT key does.
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36 @end menu
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37
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38 @node MS-DOS Input
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39 @section Keyboard and Mouse on MS-DOS
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40
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41 @cindex Meta (under MS-DOS)
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42 @cindex Hyper (under MS-DOS)
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43 @cindex Super (under MS-DOS)
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44 @vindex dos-super-key
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45 @vindex dos-hyper-key
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46 The PC keyboard maps use the left @key{ALT} key as the @key{META} key.
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47 You have two choices for emulating the @key{SUPER} and @key{HYPER} keys:
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48 choose either the right @key{CTRL} key or the right @key{ALT} key by
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49 setting the variables @code{dos-hyper-key} and @code{dos-super-key} to 1
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50 or 2 respectively. If neither @code{dos-super-key} nor
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51 @code{dos-hyper-key} is 1, then by default the right @key{ALT} key is
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52 also mapped to the @key{META} key. However, if the MS-DOS international
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53 keyboard support program @file{KEYB.COM} is installed, Emacs will
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54 @emph{not} map the right @key{ALT} to @key{META}, since it is used for
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55 accessing characters like @kbd{~} and @kbd{@@} on non-US keyboard
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56 layouts; in this case, you may only use the left @key{ALT} as @key{META}
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57 key.
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58
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59 @kindex C-j @r{(MS-DOS)}
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60 @vindex dos-keypad-mode
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61 The variable @code{dos-keypad-mode} is a flag variable that controls
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62 what key codes are returned by keys in the numeric keypad. You can also
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63 define the keypad @key{ENTER} key to act like @kbd{C-j}, by putting the
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64 following line into your @file{_emacs} file:
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65
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66 @smallexample
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67 ;; @r{Make the @key{ENTER} key from the numeric keypad act as @kbd{C-j}.}
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68 (define-key function-key-map [kp-enter] [?\C-j])
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69 @end smallexample
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70
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71 @kindex DEL @r{(MS-DOS)}
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72 @kindex BS @r{(MS-DOS)}
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73 The key that is called @key{DEL} in Emacs (because that's how it is
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74 designated on most workstations) is known as @key{BS} (backspace) on a
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75 PC. That is why the PC-specific terminal initialization remaps the
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76 @key{BS} key to act as @key{DEL}; the @key{DEL} key is remapped to act
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77 as @kbd{C-d} for the same reasons.
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78
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79 @kindex C-g @r{(MS-DOS)}
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80 @kindex C-BREAK @r{(MS-DOS)}
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81 @cindex quitting on MS-DOS
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82 Emacs built for MS-DOS recognizes @kbd{C-@key{BREAK}} as a quit
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83 character, just like @kbd{C-g}. This is because Emacs cannot detect
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84 that you have typed @kbd{C-g} until it is ready for more input. As a
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85 consequence, you cannot use @kbd{C-g} to stop a running command
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86 (@pxref{Quitting}). By contrast, @kbd{C-@key{BREAK}} @emph{is} detected
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87 as soon as you type it (as @kbd{C-g} is on other systems), so it can be
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88 used to stop a running command and for emergency escape
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89 (@pxref{Emergency Escape}).
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90
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91 @cindex mouse support under MS-DOS
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92 Emacs on MS-DOS supports a mouse (on the default terminal only).
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93 The mouse commands work as documented, including those that use menus
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94 and the menu bar (@pxref{Menu Bar}). Scroll bars don't work in
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95 MS-DOS Emacs. PC mice usually have only two buttons; these act as
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96 @kbd{Mouse-1} and @kbd{Mouse-2}, but if you press both of them
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97 together, that has the effect of @kbd{Mouse-3}. If the mouse does have
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98 3 buttons, Emacs detects that at startup, and all the 3 buttons function
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99 normally, as on X.
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100
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101 Help strings for menu-bar and pop-up menus are displayed in the echo
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102 area when the mouse pointer moves across the menu items.
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103 Highlighting of mouse-sensitive text (@pxref{Mouse References}) is also
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104 supported.
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105
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106 @cindex mouse, set number of buttons
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107 @findex msdos-set-mouse-buttons
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108 Some versions of mouse drivers don't report the number of mouse
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109 buttons correctly. For example, mice with a wheel report that they
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110 have 3 buttons, but only 2 of them are passed to Emacs; the clicks on
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111 the wheel, which serves as the middle button, are not passed. In
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112 these cases, you can use the @kbd{M-x msdos-set-mouse-buttons} command
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113 to tell Emacs how many mouse buttons to expect. You could make such a
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114 setting permanent by adding this fragment to your @file{_emacs} init
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115 file:
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116
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117 @example
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118 ;; @r{Treat the mouse like a 2-button mouse.}
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119 (msdos-set-mouse-buttons 2)
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120 @end example
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121
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122 @cindex Windows clipboard support
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123 Emacs built for MS-DOS supports clipboard operations when it runs on
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124 Windows. Commands that put text on the kill ring, or yank text from the
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125 ring, check the Windows clipboard first, just as Emacs does on the X
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126 Window System (@pxref{Mouse Commands}). Only the primary selection and
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127 the cut buffer are supported by MS-DOS Emacs on Windows; the secondary
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128 selection always appears as empty.
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129
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130 Due to the way clipboard access is implemented by Windows, the
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131 length of text you can put into the clipboard is limited by the amount
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132 of free DOS memory that is available to Emacs. Usually, up to 620KB of
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133 text can be put into the clipboard, but this limit depends on the system
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134 configuration and is lower if you run Emacs as a subprocess of
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135 another program. If the killed text does not fit, Emacs outputs a
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136 message saying so, and does not put the text into the clipboard.
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137
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138 Null characters also cannot be put into the Windows clipboard. If the
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139 killed text includes null characters, Emacs does not put such text into
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140 the clipboard, and displays in the echo area a message to that effect.
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141
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142 @vindex dos-display-scancodes
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143 The variable @code{dos-display-scancodes}, when non-@code{nil},
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144 directs Emacs to display the @acronym{ASCII} value and the keyboard scan code of
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145 each keystroke; this feature serves as a complement to the
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146 @code{view-lossage} command, for debugging.
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147
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148 @node MS-DOS Display
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149 @section Display on MS-DOS
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150 @cindex faces under MS-DOS
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151 @cindex fonts, emulating under MS-DOS
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152
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153 Display on MS-DOS cannot use font variants, like bold or italic,
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154 but it does support
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155 multiple faces, each of which can specify a foreground and a background
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156 color. Therefore, you can get the full functionality of Emacs packages
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157 that use fonts (such as @code{font-lock}, Enriched Text mode, and
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158 others) by defining the relevant faces to use different colors. Use the
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159 @code{list-colors-display} command (@pxref{Frame Parameters}) and the
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160 @code{list-faces-display} command (@pxref{Faces}) to see what colors and
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161 faces are available and what they look like.
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162
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163 @xref{MS-DOS and MULE}, later in this chapter, for information on
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164 how Emacs displays glyphs and characters that aren't supported by the
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165 native font built into the DOS display.
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166
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167 @cindex cursor shape on MS-DOS
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168 When Emacs starts, it changes the cursor shape to a solid box. This
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169 is for compatibility with other systems, where the box cursor is the
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170 default in Emacs. This default shape can be changed to a bar by
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171 specifying the @code{cursor-type} parameter in the variable
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172 @code{default-frame-alist} (@pxref{Creating Frames}). The MS-DOS
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173 terminal doesn't support a vertical-bar cursor, so the bar cursor is
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174 horizontal, and the @code{@var{width}} parameter, if specified by the
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175 frame parameters, actually determines its height. For this reason,
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176 the @code{bar} and @code{hbar} cursor types produce the same effect on
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177 MS-DOS. As an extension, the bar cursor specification can include the
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178 starting scan line of the cursor as well as its width, like this:
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179
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180 @example
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181 '(cursor-type bar @var{width} . @var{start})
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182 @end example
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183
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184 @noindent
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185 In addition, if the @var{width} parameter is negative, the cursor bar
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186 begins at the top of the character cell.
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187
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188 @cindex frames on MS-DOS
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189 The MS-DOS terminal can only display a single frame at a time. The
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190 Emacs frame facilities work on MS-DOS much as they do on text-only
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191 terminals (@pxref{Frames}). When you run Emacs from a DOS window on
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192 MS-Windows, you can make the visible frame smaller than the full
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193 screen, but Emacs still cannot display more than a single frame at a
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194 time.
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195
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196 @cindex frame size under MS-DOS
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197 @findex mode4350
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198 @findex mode25
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199 The @code{mode4350} command switches the display to 43 or 50
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200 lines, depending on your hardware; the @code{mode25} command switches
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201 to the default 80x25 screen size.
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202
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203 By default, Emacs only knows how to set screen sizes of 80 columns by
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204 25, 28, 35, 40, 43 or 50 rows. However, if your video adapter has
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205 special video modes that will switch the display to other sizes, you can
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206 have Emacs support those too. When you ask Emacs to switch the frame to
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207 @var{n} rows by @var{m} columns dimensions, it checks if there is a
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208 variable called @code{screen-dimensions-@var{n}x@var{m}}, and if so,
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209 uses its value (which must be an integer) as the video mode to switch
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210 to. (Emacs switches to that video mode by calling the BIOS @code{Set
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211 Video Mode} function with the value of
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212 @code{screen-dimensions-@var{n}x@var{m}} in the @code{AL} register.)
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213 For example, suppose your adapter will switch to 66x80 dimensions when
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214 put into video mode 85. Then you can make Emacs support this screen
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215 size by putting the following into your @file{_emacs} file:
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216
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217 @example
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218 (setq screen-dimensions-66x80 85)
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219 @end example
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220
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221 Since Emacs on MS-DOS can only set the frame size to specific
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222 supported dimensions, it cannot honor every possible frame resizing
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223 request. When an unsupported size is requested, Emacs chooses the next
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224 larger supported size beyond the specified size. For example, if you
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225 ask for 36x80 frame, you will get 40x80 instead.
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226
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227 The variables @code{screen-dimensions-@var{n}x@var{m}} are used only
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228 when they exactly match the specified size; the search for the next
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229 larger supported size ignores them. In the above example, even if your
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230 VGA supports 38x80 dimensions and you define a variable
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231 @code{screen-dimensions-38x80} with a suitable value, you will still get
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232 40x80 screen when you ask for a 36x80 frame. If you want to get the
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233 38x80 size in this case, you can do it by setting the variable named
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234 @code{screen-dimensions-36x80} with the same video mode value as
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235 @code{screen-dimensions-38x80}.
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236
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237 Changing frame dimensions on MS-DOS has the effect of changing all the
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238 other frames to the new dimensions.
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239
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240 @node MS-DOS File Names
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241 @section File Names on MS-DOS
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242 @cindex file names under MS-DOS
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243 @cindex init file, default name under MS-DOS
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244
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245 MS-DOS normally uses a backslash, @samp{\}, to separate name units
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246 within a file name, instead of the slash used on other systems. Emacs
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247 on MS-DOS permits use of either slash or backslash, and also knows
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248 about drive letters in file names.
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249
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250 On MS-DOS, file names are case-insensitive and limited to eight
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251 characters, plus optionally a period and three more characters. Emacs
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252 knows enough about these limitations to handle file names that were
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253 meant for other operating systems. For instance, leading dots @samp{.}
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254 in file names are invalid in MS-DOS, so Emacs transparently converts
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255 them to underscores @samp{_}; thus your default init file (@pxref{Init
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256 File}) is called @file{_emacs} on MS-DOS. Excess characters before or
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257 after the period are generally ignored by MS-DOS itself; thus, if you
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258 visit the file @file{LongFileName.EvenLongerExtension}, you will
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259 silently get @file{longfile.eve}, but Emacs will still display the long
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260 file name on the mode line. Other than that, it's up to you to specify
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261 file names which are valid under MS-DOS; the transparent conversion as
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262 described above only works on file names built into Emacs.
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263
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264 @cindex backup file names on MS-DOS
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265 The above restrictions on the file names on MS-DOS make it almost
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266 impossible to construct the name of a backup file (@pxref{Backup
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267 Names}) without losing some of the original file name characters. For
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268 example, the name of a backup file for @file{docs.txt} is
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269 @file{docs.tx~} even if single backup is used.
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270
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271 @cindex file names under Windows 95/NT
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272 @cindex long file names in DOS box under Windows 95/NT
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273 If you run Emacs as a DOS application under Windows 9X, Windows ME, or
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274 Windows 2000, you can turn on support for long file names. If you do
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275 that, Emacs doesn't truncate file names or convert them to lower case;
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276 instead, it uses the file names that you specify, verbatim. To enable
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277 long file name support, set the environment variable @env{LFN} to
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278 @samp{y} before starting Emacs. Unfortunately, Windows NT doesn't allow
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279 DOS programs to access long file names, so Emacs built for MS-DOS will
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280 only see their short 8+3 aliases.
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281
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282 @cindex @env{HOME} directory under MS-DOS
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283 MS-DOS has no notion of home directory, so Emacs on MS-DOS pretends
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284 that the directory where it is installed is the value of @env{HOME}
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285 environment variable. That is, if your Emacs binary,
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286 @file{emacs.exe}, is in the directory @file{c:/utils/emacs/bin}, then
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287 Emacs acts as if @env{HOME} were set to @samp{c:/utils/emacs}. In
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288 particular, that is where Emacs looks for the init file @file{_emacs}.
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289 With this in mind, you can use @samp{~} in file names as an alias for
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290 the home directory, as you would on GNU or Unix. You can also set
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291 @env{HOME} variable in the environment before starting Emacs; its
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292 value will then override the above default behavior.
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293
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294 Emacs on MS-DOS handles the directory name @file{/dev} specially,
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295 because of a feature in the emulator libraries of DJGPP that pretends
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296 I/O devices have names in that directory. We recommend that you avoid
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297 using an actual directory named @file{/dev} on any disk.
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298
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299 @node Text and Binary
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300 @section Text Files and Binary Files
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301 @cindex text and binary files on MS-DOS/MS-Windows
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302
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303 GNU Emacs uses newline characters to separate text lines. This is the
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304 convention used on GNU and Unix.
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305
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306 @cindex end-of-line conversion on MS-DOS/MS-Windows
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307 MS-DOS and MS-Windows normally use carriage-return linefeed, a
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308 two-character sequence, to separate text lines. (Linefeed is the same
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309 character as newline.) Therefore, convenient editing of typical files
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310 with Emacs requires conversion of these end-of-line (EOL) sequences.
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311 And that is what Emacs normally does: it converts carriage-return
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312 linefeed into newline when reading files, and converts newline into
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313 carriage-return linefeed when writing files. The same mechanism that
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314 handles conversion of international character codes does this conversion
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315 also (@pxref{Coding Systems}).
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316
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317 @cindex cursor location, on MS-DOS
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318 @cindex point location, on MS-DOS
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319 One consequence of this special format-conversion of most files is
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320 that character positions as reported by Emacs (@pxref{Position Info}) do
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321 not agree with the file size information known to the operating system.
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322
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323 In addition, if Emacs recognizes from a file's contents that it uses
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324 newline rather than carriage-return linefeed as its line separator, it
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325 does not perform EOL conversion when reading or writing that file.
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326 Thus, you can read and edit files from GNU and Unix systems on MS-DOS
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327 with no special effort, and they will retain their Unix-style
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328 end-of-line convention after you edit them.
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329
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330 The mode line indicates whether end-of-line translation was used for
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331 the current buffer. If MS-DOS end-of-line translation is in use for the
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332 buffer, a backslash @samp{\} is displayed after the coding system
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333 mnemonic near the beginning of the mode line (@pxref{Mode Line}). If no
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334 EOL translation was performed, the string @samp{(Unix)} is displayed
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335 instead of the backslash, to alert you that the file's EOL format is not
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336 the usual carriage-return linefeed.
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337
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338 @cindex DOS-to-Unix conversion of files
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339 To visit a file and specify whether it uses DOS-style or Unix-style
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340 end-of-line, specify a coding system (@pxref{Specify Coding}). For
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341 example, @kbd{C-x @key{RET} c unix @key{RET} C-x C-f foobar.txt}
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342 visits the file @file{foobar.txt} without converting the EOLs; if some
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343 line ends with a carriage-return linefeed pair, Emacs will display
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344 @samp{^M} at the end of that line. Similarly, you can direct Emacs to
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345 save a buffer in a specified EOL format with the @kbd{C-x @key{RET} f}
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346 command. For example, to save a buffer with Unix EOL format, type
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347 @kbd{C-x @key{RET} f unix @key{RET} C-x C-s}. If you visit a file
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348 with DOS EOL conversion, then save it with Unix EOL format, that
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349 effectively converts the file to Unix EOL style, like @code{dos2unix}.
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350
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351 @cindex untranslated file system
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352 @findex add-untranslated-filesystem
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353 When you use NFS or Samba to access file systems that reside on
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354 computers using GNU or Unix systems, Emacs should not perform
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355 end-of-line translation on any files in these file systems--not even
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356 when you create a new file. To request this, designate these file
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357 systems as @dfn{untranslated} file systems by calling the function
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358 @code{add-untranslated-filesystem}. It takes one argument: the file
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359 system name, including a drive letter and optionally a directory. For
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360 example,
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361
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362 @example
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363 (add-untranslated-filesystem "Z:")
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364 @end example
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365
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366 @noindent
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367 designates drive Z as an untranslated file system, and
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368
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369 @example
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370 (add-untranslated-filesystem "Z:\\foo")
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371 @end example
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372
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373 @noindent
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374 designates directory @file{\foo} on drive Z as an untranslated file
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375 system.
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376
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377 Most often you would use @code{add-untranslated-filesystem} in your
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378 @file{_emacs} file, or in @file{site-start.el} so that all the users at
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379 your site get the benefit of it.
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380
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381 @findex remove-untranslated-filesystem
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382 To countermand the effect of @code{add-untranslated-filesystem}, use
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383 the function @code{remove-untranslated-filesystem}. This function takes
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384 one argument, which should be a string just like the one that was used
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385 previously with @code{add-untranslated-filesystem}.
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386
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387 Designating a file system as untranslated does not affect character
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388 set conversion, only end-of-line conversion. Essentially, it directs
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389 Emacs to create new files with the Unix-style convention of using
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390 newline at the end of a line. @xref{Coding Systems}.
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391
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392 @vindex file-name-buffer-file-type-alist
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393 @cindex binary files, on MS-DOS/MS-Windows
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394 Some kinds of files should not be converted at all, because their
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395 contents are not really text. Therefore, Emacs on MS-DOS distinguishes
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396 certain files as @dfn{binary files}. (This distinction is not part of
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397 MS-DOS; it is made by Emacs only.) Binary files include executable
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398 programs, compressed archives, etc. Emacs uses the file name to decide
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399 whether to treat a file as binary: the variable
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400 @code{file-name-buffer-file-type-alist} defines the file-name patterns
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401 that indicate binary files. If a file name matches one of the patterns
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402 for binary files (those whose associations are of the type
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403 @code{(@var{pattern} . t)}, Emacs reads and writes that file using the
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404 @code{no-conversion} coding system (@pxref{Coding Systems}) which turns
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405 off @emph{all} coding-system conversions, not only the EOL conversion.
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406 @code{file-name-buffer-file-type-alist} also includes file-name patterns
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407 for files which are known to be DOS-style text files with
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408 carriage-return linefeed EOL format, such as @file{CONFIG.SYS}; Emacs
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409 always writes those files with DOS-style EOLs.
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410
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411 If a file which belongs to an untranslated file system matches one of
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412 the file-name patterns in @code{file-name-buffer-file-type-alist}, the
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413 EOL conversion is determined by @code{file-name-buffer-file-type-alist}.
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414
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415 @node MS-DOS Printing
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416 @section Printing and MS-DOS
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417
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418 Printing commands, such as @code{lpr-buffer} (@pxref{Hardcopy}) and
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419 @code{ps-print-buffer} (@pxref{PostScript}) can work in MS-DOS and
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420 MS-Windows by sending the output to one of the printer ports, if a
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421 Posix-style @code{lpr} program is unavailable. The same Emacs
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422 variables control printing on all systems (@pxref{Hardcopy}), but in
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423 some cases they have different default values on MS-DOS and
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424 MS-Windows.
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425
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426 @vindex printer-name @r{(MS-DOS)}
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427 If you want to use your local printer, printing on it in the usual DOS
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428 manner, then set the Lisp variable @code{lpr-command} to @code{""} (its
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429 default value) and @code{printer-name} to the name of the printer
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430 port---for example, @code{"PRN"}, the usual local printer port (that's
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431 the default), or @code{"LPT2"}, or @code{"COM1"} for a serial printer.
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432 You can also set @code{printer-name} to a file name, in which case
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433 ``printed'' output is actually appended to that file. If you set
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434 @code{printer-name} to @code{"NUL"}, printed output is silently
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435 discarded (sent to the system null device).
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parents:
diff changeset
436
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
437 On MS-Windows, when the Windows network software is installed, you can
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
438 also use a printer shared by another machine by setting
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
439 @code{printer-name} to the UNC share name for that printer--for example,
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
440 @code{"//joes_pc/hp4si"}. (It doesn't matter whether you use forward
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
441 slashes or backslashes here.) To find out the names of shared printers,
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
442 run the command @samp{net view} at a DOS command prompt to obtain a list
24731
d305965638f7 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 24723
diff changeset
443 of servers, and @samp{net view @var{server-name}} to see the names of printers
34293
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
444 (and directories) shared by that server. Alternatively, click the
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
445 @samp{Network Neighborhood} icon on your desktop, and look for machines
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
446 which share their printers via the network.
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
447
36978
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
448 @cindex @samp{net use}, and printing on MS-Windows
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
449 @cindex networked printers (MS-Windows)
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
450 If the printer doesn't appear in the output of @samp{net view}, or
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
451 if setting @code{printer-name} to the UNC share name doesn't produce a
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
452 hardcopy on that printer, you can use the @samp{net use} command to
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
453 connect a local print port such as @code{"LPT2"} to the networked
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
454 printer. For example, typing @kbd{net use LPT2:
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
455 \\joes_pc\hp4si}@footnote{
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
456 Note that the @samp{net use} command requires the UNC share name to be
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
457 typed with the Windows-style backslashes, while the value of
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
458 @code{printer-name} can be set with either forward- or backslashes.}
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
459 causes Windows to @dfn{capture} the LPT2 port and redirect the printed
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
460 material to the printer connected to the machine @code{joes_pc}.
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
461 After this command, setting @code{printer-name} to @code{"LPT2"}
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71fe12822bf3 Fix last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36978
diff changeset
462 should produce the hardcopy on the networked printer.
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425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
463
38052
9408156a3159 (MS-DOS Printing): Mention that printer port can be redirected via
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37847
diff changeset
464 With some varieties of Windows network software, you can instruct
38788
0f05936702f1 Minor cleanup.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38052
diff changeset
465 Windows to capture a specific printer port such as @code{"LPT2"}, and
38052
9408156a3159 (MS-DOS Printing): Mention that printer port can be redirected via
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37847
diff changeset
466 redirect it to a networked printer via the @w{@code{Control
9408156a3159 (MS-DOS Printing): Mention that printer port can be redirected via
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37847
diff changeset
467 Panel->Printers}} applet instead of @samp{net use}.
9408156a3159 (MS-DOS Printing): Mention that printer port can be redirected via
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37847
diff changeset
468
52979
3649390c0f91 Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
469 Some printers expect DOS codepage encoding of non-@acronym{ASCII} text, even
34293
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
470 though they are connected to a Windows machine which uses a different
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
471 encoding for the same locale. For example, in the Latin-1 locale, DOS
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
472 uses codepage 850 whereas Windows uses codepage 1252. @xref{MS-DOS and
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
473 MULE}. When you print to such printers from Windows, you can use the
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
474 @kbd{C-x RET c} (@code{universal-coding-system-argument}) command before
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
475 @kbd{M-x lpr-buffer}; Emacs will then convert the text to the DOS
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
476 codepage that you specify. For example, @kbd{C-x RET c cp850-dos RET
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
477 M-x lpr-region RET} will print the region while converting it to the
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
478 codepage 850 encoding. You may need to create the @code{cp@var{nnn}}
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
479 coding system with @kbd{M-x codepage-setup}.
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
480
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
481 If you set @code{printer-name} to a file name, it's best to use an
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
482 absolute file name. Emacs changes the working directory according to
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
483 the default directory of the current buffer, so if the file name in
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
484 @code{printer-name} is relative, you will end up with several such
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
485 files, each one in the directory of the buffer from which the printing
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
486 was done.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
487
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
488 @findex print-buffer @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
489 @findex print-region @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
490 @vindex lpr-headers-switches @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
491 The commands @code{print-buffer} and @code{print-region} call the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
492 @code{pr} program, or use special switches to the @code{lpr} program, to
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
493 produce headers on each printed page. MS-DOS and MS-Windows don't
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
494 normally have these programs, so by default, the variable
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
495 @code{lpr-headers-switches} is set so that the requests to print page
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
496 headers are silently ignored. Thus, @code{print-buffer} and
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
497 @code{print-region} produce the same output as @code{lpr-buffer} and
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
498 @code{lpr-region}, respectively. If you do have a suitable @code{pr}
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
499 program (for example, from GNU Textutils), set
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
500 @code{lpr-headers-switches} to @code{nil}; Emacs will then call
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
501 @code{pr} to produce the page headers, and print the resulting output as
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
502 specified by @code{printer-name}.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
503
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
504 @vindex print-region-function @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
505 @cindex lpr usage under MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
506 @vindex lpr-command @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
507 @vindex lpr-switches @r{(MS-DOS)}
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
508 Finally, if you do have an @code{lpr} work-alike, you can set the
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
509 variable @code{lpr-command} to @code{"lpr"}. Then Emacs will use
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
510 @code{lpr} for printing, as on other systems. (If the name of the
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
511 program isn't @code{lpr}, set @code{lpr-command} to specify where to
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
512 find it.) The variable @code{lpr-switches} has its standard meaning
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
513 when @code{lpr-command} is not @code{""}. If the variable
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
514 @code{printer-name} has a string value, it is used as the value for the
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
515 @code{-P} option to @code{lpr}, as on Unix.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
516
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
517 @findex ps-print-buffer @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
518 @findex ps-spool-buffer @r{(MS-DOS)}
24715
384b7e895346 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 24615
diff changeset
519 @vindex ps-printer-name @r{(MS-DOS)}
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
520 @vindex ps-lpr-command @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
521 @vindex ps-lpr-switches @r{(MS-DOS)}
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
522 A parallel set of variables, @code{ps-lpr-command},
27213
4e05d28c0a39 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 24731
diff changeset
523 @code{ps-lpr-switches}, and @code{ps-printer-name} (@pxref{PostScript
24564
099921772183 Minor change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24113
diff changeset
524 Variables}), defines how PostScript files should be printed. These
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
525 variables are used in the same way as the corresponding variables
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
526 described above for non-PostScript printing. Thus, the value of
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
527 @code{ps-printer-name} is used as the name of the device (or file) to
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
528 which PostScript output is sent, just as @code{printer-name} is used for
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
529 non-PostScript printing. (There are two distinct sets of variables in
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
530 case you have two printers attached to two different ports, and only one
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
531 of them is a PostScript printer.)
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
532
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
533 The default value of the variable @code{ps-lpr-command} is @code{""},
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
534 which causes PostScript output to be sent to the printer port specified
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
535 by @code{ps-printer-name}, but @code{ps-lpr-command} can also be set to
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
536 the name of a program which will accept PostScript files. Thus, if you
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
537 have a non-PostScript printer, you can set this variable to the name of
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
538 a PostScript interpreter program (such as Ghostscript). Any switches
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
539 that need to be passed to the interpreter program are specified using
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
540 @code{ps-lpr-switches}. (If the value of @code{ps-printer-name} is a
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
541 string, it will be added to the list of switches as the value for the
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
542 @code{-P} option. This is probably only useful if you are using
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
543 @code{lpr}, so when using an interpreter typically you would set
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
544 @code{ps-printer-name} to something other than a string so it is
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
545 ignored.)
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
546
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
547 For example, to use Ghostscript for printing on an Epson printer
24715
384b7e895346 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 24615
diff changeset
548 connected to the @samp{LPT2} port, put this in your @file{_emacs} file:
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
549
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
550 @example
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
551 (setq ps-printer-name t) ; Ghostscript doesn't understand -P
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
552 (setq ps-lpr-command "c:/gs/gs386")
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
553 (setq ps-lpr-switches '("-q" "-dNOPAUSE"
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
554 "-sDEVICE=epson"
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
555 "-r240x72"
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
556 "-sOutputFile=LPT2"
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
557 "-Ic:/gs"))
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
558 @end example
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
559
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
560 @noindent
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
561 (This assumes that Ghostscript is installed in the @file{"c:/gs"}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
562 directory.)
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
563
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
564 @vindex dos-printer
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
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parents: 24095
diff changeset
565 @vindex dos-ps-printer
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
566 For backwards compatibility, the value of @code{dos-printer}
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
567 (@code{dos-ps-printer}), if it has a value, overrides the value of
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
568 @code{printer-name} (@code{ps-printer-name}), on MS-DOS and MS-Windows
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
569 only.
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
570
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
571
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572 @node MS-DOS and MULE
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parents:
diff changeset
573 @section International Support on MS-DOS
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parents:
diff changeset
574 @cindex international support @r{(MS-DOS)}
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parents:
diff changeset
575
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parents:
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576 Emacs on MS-DOS supports the same international character sets as it
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38788
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577 does on GNU, Unix and other platforms (@pxref{International}), including
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parents:
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578 coding systems for converting between the different character sets.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38788
diff changeset
579 However, due to incompatibilities between MS-DOS/MS-Windows and other systems,
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38788
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580 there are several DOS-specific aspects of this support that you should
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581 be aware of. This section describes these aspects.
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parents:
diff changeset
582
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parents:
diff changeset
583 @table @kbd
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parents:
diff changeset
584 @item M-x dos-codepage-setup
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parents:
diff changeset
585 Set up Emacs display and coding systems as appropriate for the current
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parents:
diff changeset
586 DOS codepage.
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parents:
diff changeset
587
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parents:
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588 @item M-x codepage-setup
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parents:
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589 Create a coding system for a certain DOS codepage.
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parents:
diff changeset
590 @end table
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parents:
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591
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592 @cindex codepage, MS-DOS
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parents:
diff changeset
593 @cindex DOS codepages
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parents:
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594 MS-DOS is designed to support one character set of 256 characters at
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parents:
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595 any given time, but gives you a variety of character sets to choose
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parents:
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596 from. The alternative character sets are known as @dfn{DOS codepages}.
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3649390c0f91 Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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597 Each codepage includes all 128 @acronym{ASCII} characters, but the other 128
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598 characters (codes 128 through 255) vary from one codepage to another.
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parents:
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599 Each DOS codepage is identified by a 3-digit number, such as 850, 862,
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parents:
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600 etc.
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601
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94d46968a93f Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34293
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602 In contrast to X, which lets you use several fonts at the same time,
37264
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37244
diff changeset
603 MS-DOS normally doesn't allow use of several codepages in a single
ff4c34a90065 (MS-DOS and MULE): Make the wording about a single-codepage-until-reboot
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37244
diff changeset
604 session. MS-DOS was designed to load a single codepage at system
ff4c34a90065 (MS-DOS and MULE): Make the wording about a single-codepage-until-reboot
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37244
diff changeset
605 startup, and require you to reboot in order to change
ff4c34a90065 (MS-DOS and MULE): Make the wording about a single-codepage-until-reboot
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37244
diff changeset
606 it@footnote{Normally, one particular codepage is burnt into the display
ff4c34a90065 (MS-DOS and MULE): Make the wording about a single-codepage-until-reboot
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37244
diff changeset
607 memory, while other codepages can be installed by modifying system
ff4c34a90065 (MS-DOS and MULE): Make the wording about a single-codepage-until-reboot
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37244
diff changeset
608 configuration files, such as @file{CONFIG.SYS}, and rebooting. While
ff4c34a90065 (MS-DOS and MULE): Make the wording about a single-codepage-until-reboot
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37244
diff changeset
609 third-party software is known to exist that allows to change the
ff4c34a90065 (MS-DOS and MULE): Make the wording about a single-codepage-until-reboot
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37244
diff changeset
610 codepage without rebooting, we describe here how a stock MS-DOS system
ff4c34a90065 (MS-DOS and MULE): Make the wording about a single-codepage-until-reboot
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37244
diff changeset
611 behaves.}. Much the same limitation applies when you run DOS
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parents:
diff changeset
612 executables on other systems such as MS-Windows.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
613
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
614 @cindex unibyte operation @r{(MS-DOS)}
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
615 If you invoke Emacs on MS-DOS with the @samp{--unibyte} option
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
616 (@pxref{Initial Options}), Emacs does not perform any conversion of
52979
3649390c0f91 Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
617 non-@acronym{ASCII} characters. Instead, it reads and writes any non-@acronym{ASCII}
24095
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parents:
diff changeset
618 characters verbatim, and sends their 8-bit codes to the display
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
619 verbatim. Thus, unibyte Emacs on MS-DOS supports the current codepage,
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
620 whatever it may be, but cannot even represent any other characters.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
621
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
622 @vindex dos-codepage
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
623 For multibyte operation on MS-DOS, Emacs needs to know which
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
624 characters the chosen DOS codepage can display. So it queries the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
625 system shortly after startup to get the chosen codepage number, and
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
626 stores the number in the variable @code{dos-codepage}. Some systems
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
627 return the default value 437 for the current codepage, even though the
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
628 actual codepage is different. (This typically happens when you use the
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
629 codepage built into the display hardware.) You can specify a different
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parents:
diff changeset
630 codepage for Emacs to use by setting the variable @code{dos-codepage} in
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
631 your init file.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
632
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
633 @cindex language environment, automatic selection on @r{MS-DOS}
24615
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
634 Multibyte Emacs supports only certain DOS codepages: those which can
24594
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
635 display Far-Eastern scripts, like the Japanese codepage 932, and those
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
636 that encode a single ISO 8859 character set.
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
637
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
638 The Far-Eastern codepages can directly display one of the MULE
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
639 character sets for these countries, so Emacs simply sets up to use the
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
640 appropriate terminal coding system that is supported by the codepage.
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
641 The special features described in the rest of this section mostly
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
642 pertain to codepages that encode ISO 8859 character sets.
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
643
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
644 For the codepages which correspond to one of the ISO character sets,
24615
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
645 Emacs knows the character set name based on the codepage number. Emacs
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
646 automatically creates a coding system to support reading and writing
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
647 files that use the current codepage, and uses this coding system by
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
648 default. The name of this coding system is @code{cp@var{nnn}}, where
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
649 @var{nnn} is the codepage number.@footnote{The standard Emacs coding
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
650 systems for ISO 8859 are not quite right for the purpose, because
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
651 typically the DOS codepage does not match the standard ISO character
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
652 codes. For example, the letter @samp{@,{c}} (@samp{c} with cedilla) has
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
653 code 231 in the standard Latin-1 character set, but the corresponding
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
654 DOS codepage 850 uses code 135 for this glyph.}
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parents:
diff changeset
655
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
656 @cindex mode line @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
657 All the @code{cp@var{nnn}} coding systems use the letter @samp{D} (for
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
658 ``DOS'') as their mode-line mnemonic. Since both the terminal coding
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
659 system and the default coding system for file I/O are set to the proper
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
660 @code{cp@var{nnn}} coding system at startup, it is normal for the mode
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
661 line on MS-DOS to begin with @samp{-DD\-}. @xref{Mode Line}.
24594
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
662 Far-Eastern DOS terminals do not use the @code{cp@var{nnn}} coding
38865
62e02f5ae533 Avoid saying "Unix" in a way that includes GNU.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38788
diff changeset
663 systems, and thus their initial mode line looks like the Emacs default.
24095
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parents:
diff changeset
664
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
665 Since the codepage number also indicates which script you are using,
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
666 Emacs automatically runs @code{set-language-environment} to select the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
667 language environment for that script (@pxref{Language Environments}).
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
668
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
669 If a buffer contains a character belonging to some other ISO 8859
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
670 character set, not the one that the chosen DOS codepage supports, Emacs
52979
3649390c0f91 Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
671 displays it using a sequence of @acronym{ASCII} characters. For example, if the
24095
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parents:
diff changeset
672 current codepage doesn't have a glyph for the letter @samp{@`o} (small
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
673 @samp{o} with a grave accent), it is displayed as @samp{@{`o@}}, where
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
674 the braces serve as a visual indication that this is a single character.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
675 (This may look awkward for some non-Latin characters, such as those from
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
676 Greek or Hebrew alphabets, but it is still readable by a person who
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
677 knows the language.) Even though the character may occupy several
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
678 columns on the screen, it is really still just a single character, and
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
679 all Emacs commands treat it as one.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
680
37244
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
681 @cindex IBM graphics characters (MS-DOS)
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
682 @cindex box-drawing characters (MS-DOS)
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
683 @cindex line-drawing characters (MS-DOS)
24095
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parents:
diff changeset
684 Not all characters in DOS codepages correspond to ISO 8859
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
685 characters---some are used for other purposes, such as box-drawing
37244
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
686 characters and other graphics. Emacs maps these characters to two
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
687 special character sets called @code{eight-bit-control} and
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
688 @code{eight-bit-graphic}, and displays them as their IBM glyphs.
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
689 However, you should be aware that other systems might display these
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
690 characters differently, so you should avoid them in text that might be
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
691 copied to a different operating system, or even to another DOS machine
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
692 that uses a different codepage.
24095
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parents:
diff changeset
693
37244
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
694 @vindex dos-unsupported-character-glyph
24095
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parents:
diff changeset
695 Emacs supports many other characters sets aside from ISO 8859, but it
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
696 cannot display them on MS-DOS. So if one of these multibyte characters
24113
fd1968847853 (MS-DOS and MULE): dos-unsupported-character-glyph is
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24096
diff changeset
697 appears in a buffer, Emacs on MS-DOS displays them as specified by the
fd1968847853 (MS-DOS and MULE): dos-unsupported-character-glyph is
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24096
diff changeset
698 @code{dos-unsupported-character-glyph} variable; by default, this glyph
fd1968847853 (MS-DOS and MULE): dos-unsupported-character-glyph is
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24096
diff changeset
699 is an empty triangle. Use the @kbd{C-u C-x =} command to display the
fd1968847853 (MS-DOS and MULE): dos-unsupported-character-glyph is
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24096
diff changeset
700 actual code and character set of such characters. @xref{Position Info}.
24095
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parents:
diff changeset
701
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
702 @findex codepage-setup
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
703 By default, Emacs defines a coding system to support the current
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
704 codepage. To define a coding system for some other codepage (e.g., to
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
705 visit a file written on a DOS machine in another country), use the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
706 @kbd{M-x codepage-setup} command. It prompts for the 3-digit code of
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
707 the codepage, with completion, then creates the coding system for the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
708 specified codepage. You can then use the new coding system to read and
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
709 write files, but you must specify it explicitly for the file command
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
710 when you want to use it (@pxref{Specify Coding}).
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
711
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
712 These coding systems are also useful for visiting a file encoded using
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
713 a DOS codepage, using Emacs running on some other operating system.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
714
34293
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
715 @cindex MS-Windows codepages
36169
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
716 MS-Windows provides its own codepages, which are different from the
34293
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
717 DOS codepages for the same locale. For example, DOS codepage 850
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
718 supports the same character set as Windows codepage 1252; DOS codepage
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
719 855 supports the same character set as Windows codepage 1251, etc.
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
720 The MS-Windows version of Emacs uses the current codepage for display
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
721 when invoked with the @samp{-nw} option.
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
722
24095
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
723 @node MS-DOS Processes
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
724 @section Subprocesses on MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
725
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
726 @cindex compilation under MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
727 @cindex inferior processes under MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
728 @findex compile @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
729 @findex grep @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
730 Because MS-DOS is a single-process ``operating system,''
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
731 asynchronous subprocesses are not available. In particular, Shell
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
732 mode and its variants do not work. Most Emacs features that use
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
733 asynchronous subprocesses also don't work on MS-DOS, including
31060
d24cddac1e33 Document that ispell works, and mention Eshell as an alternative
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31057
diff changeset
734 Shell mode and GUD. When in doubt, try and see; commands that
38869
8be184904f6c Don't use "print" for displaying a message.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38865
diff changeset
735 don't work output an error message saying that asynchronous processes
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
736 aren't supported.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
737
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
738 Compilation under Emacs with @kbd{M-x compile}, searching files with
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
739 @kbd{M-x grep} and displaying differences between files with @kbd{M-x
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
740 diff} do work, by running the inferior processes synchronously. This
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
741 means you cannot do any more editing until the inferior process
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
742 finishes.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
743
31060
d24cddac1e33 Document that ispell works, and mention Eshell as an alternative
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31057
diff changeset
744 Spell checking also works, by means of special support for synchronous
d24cddac1e33 Document that ispell works, and mention Eshell as an alternative
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31057
diff changeset
745 invocation of the @code{ispell} program. This is slower than the
38865
62e02f5ae533 Avoid saying "Unix" in a way that includes GNU.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38788
diff changeset
746 asynchronous invocation on other platforms
31060
d24cddac1e33 Document that ispell works, and mention Eshell as an alternative
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31057
diff changeset
747
d24cddac1e33 Document that ispell works, and mention Eshell as an alternative
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31057
diff changeset
748 Instead of the Shell mode, which doesn't work on MS-DOS, you can use
d24cddac1e33 Document that ispell works, and mention Eshell as an alternative
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31057
diff changeset
749 the @kbd{M-x eshell} command. This invokes the Eshell package that
38865
62e02f5ae533 Avoid saying "Unix" in a way that includes GNU.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38788
diff changeset
750 implements a Posix-like shell entirely in Emacs Lisp.
31060
d24cddac1e33 Document that ispell works, and mention Eshell as an alternative
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31057
diff changeset
751
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
752 By contrast, Emacs compiled as native Windows application
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
753 @strong{does} support asynchronous subprocesses. @xref{Windows
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
754 Processes}.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
755
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
756 @cindex printing under MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
757 Printing commands, such as @code{lpr-buffer} (@pxref{Hardcopy}) and
27213
4e05d28c0a39 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 24731
diff changeset
758 @code{ps-print-buffer} (@pxref{PostScript}), work in MS-DOS by sending
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
759 the output to one of the printer ports. @xref{MS-DOS Printing}.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
760
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
761 When you run a subprocess synchronously on MS-DOS, make sure the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
762 program terminates and does not try to read keyboard input. If the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
763 program does not terminate on its own, you will be unable to terminate
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
764 it, because MS-DOS provides no general way to terminate a process.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
765 Pressing @kbd{C-c} or @kbd{C-@key{BREAK}} might sometimes help in these
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
766 cases.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
767
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
768 Accessing files on other machines is not supported on MS-DOS. Other
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
769 network-oriented commands such as sending mail, Web browsing, remote
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
770 login, etc., don't work either, unless network access is built into
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
771 MS-DOS with some network redirector.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
772
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
773 @cindex directory listing on MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
774 @vindex dired-listing-switches @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
775 Dired on MS-DOS uses the @code{ls-lisp} package where other
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
776 platforms use the system @code{ls} command. Therefore, Dired on
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
777 MS-DOS supports only some of the possible options you can mention in
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
778 the @code{dired-listing-switches} variable. The options that work are
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
779 @samp{-A}, @samp{-a}, @samp{-c}, @samp{-i}, @samp{-r}, @samp{-S},
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
780 @samp{-s}, @samp{-t}, and @samp{-u}.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
781
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
782 @node Windows Processes
39142
449f9371ac14 Mention Windows ME and Windows 2000 in the list of supported versions.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38869
diff changeset
783 @section Subprocesses on Windows 9X/ME and Windows NT/2K
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
784
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
785 Emacs compiled as a native Windows application (as opposed to the DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
786 version) includes full support for asynchronous subprocesses.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
787 In the Windows version, synchronous and asynchronous subprocesses work
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
788 fine on both
39142
449f9371ac14 Mention Windows ME and Windows 2000 in the list of supported versions.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38869
diff changeset
789 Windows 9X and Windows NT/2K as long as you run only 32-bit Windows
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
790 applications. However, when you run a DOS application in a subprocess,
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
791 you may encounter problems or be unable to run the application at all;
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
792 and if you run two DOS applications at the same time in two
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
793 subprocesses, you may have to reboot your system.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
794
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
795 Since the standard command interpreter (and most command line utilities)
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
796 on Windows 95 are DOS applications, these problems are significant when
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
797 using that system. But there's nothing we can do about them; only
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
798 Microsoft can fix them.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
799
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
800 If you run just one DOS application subprocess, the subprocess should
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
801 work as expected as long as it is ``well-behaved'' and does not perform
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
802 direct screen access or other unusual actions. If you have a CPU
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
803 monitor application, your machine will appear to be 100% busy even when
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
804 the DOS application is idle, but this is only an artifact of the way CPU
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
805 monitors measure processor load.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
806
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
807 You must terminate the DOS application before you start any other DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
808 application in a different subprocess. Emacs is unable to interrupt or
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
809 terminate a DOS subprocess. The only way you can terminate such a
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
810 subprocess is by giving it a command that tells its program to exit.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
811
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
812 If you attempt to run two DOS applications at the same time in separate
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
813 subprocesses, the second one that is started will be suspended until the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
814 first one finishes, even if either or both of them are asynchronous.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
815
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
816 If you can go to the first subprocess, and tell it to exit, the second
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
817 subprocess should continue normally. However, if the second subprocess
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
818 is synchronous, Emacs itself will be hung until the first subprocess
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
819 finishes. If it will not finish without user input, then you have no
39142
449f9371ac14 Mention Windows ME and Windows 2000 in the list of supported versions.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38869
diff changeset
820 choice but to reboot if you are running on Windows 9X. If you are
449f9371ac14 Mention Windows ME and Windows 2000 in the list of supported versions.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38869
diff changeset
821 running on Windows NT/2K, you can use a process viewer application to kill
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
822 the appropriate instance of ntvdm instead (this will terminate both DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
823 subprocesses).
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
824
39142
449f9371ac14 Mention Windows ME and Windows 2000 in the list of supported versions.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38869
diff changeset
825 If you have to reboot Windows 9X in this situation, do not use the
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
826 @code{Shutdown} command on the @code{Start} menu; that usually hangs the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
827 system. Instead, type @kbd{CTL-ALT-@key{DEL}} and then choose
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
828 @code{Shutdown}. That usually works, although it may take a few minutes
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
829 to do its job.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
830
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
831 @node Windows System Menu
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
832 @section Using the System Menu on Windows
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
833
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
834 Emacs compiled as a native Windows application normally turns off the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
835 Windows feature that tapping the @key{ALT}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
836 key invokes the Windows menu. The reason is that the @key{ALT} also
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
837 serves as @key{META} in Emacs. When using Emacs, users often press the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
838 @key{META} key temporarily and then change their minds; if this has the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
839 effect of bringing up the Windows menu, it alters the meaning of
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 44696
diff changeset
840 subsequent commands. Many users find this frustrating.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
841
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
842 @vindex w32-pass-alt-to-system
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
843 You can reenable Windows's default handling of tapping the @key{ALT} key
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
844 by setting @code{w32-pass-alt-to-system} to a non-@code{nil} value.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
845
52401
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
846 @ignore
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
847 arch-tag: f39d2590-5dcc-4318-88d9-0eb73ca10fa2
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
848 @end ignore