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annotate etc/FAQ @ 24522:3147a1a92eeb
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author | Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org> |
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date | Fri, 26 Mar 1999 18:02:24 +0000 |
parents | 0845212b2b2c |
children | c16f7defd588 |
rev | line source |
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1736 | 1 GNU Emacs FAQ: Introduction |
2 | |
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3 This is the introduction to a list of frequently asked questions (FAQ) |
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4 about GNU Emacs 20 with answers. Some of the answers are not valid for GNU |
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5 Emacs 18 or 19. |
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6 |
24074 | 7 [This version has been somewhat edited from the last-posted version |
24295 | 8 (as of February 1999) for inclusion in the Emacs distribution.] |
24074 | 9 |
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10 The FAQ is posted (in five parts) to reduce the noise level in the |
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11 gnu.emacs.help newsgroup (which is also the help-gnu-emacs mailing list) |
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12 which results from the repetition of frequently asked questions, wrong |
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13 answers to these questions, corrections to the wrong answers, corrections |
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14 to the corrections, debate, name calling, and generally unproductive use of |
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15 the mailing list. Also, it serves as a repository of the canonical "best" |
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16 answers to these questions. However, if you know a better answer or even a |
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17 slight change that improves an answer, please tell us! |
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18 |
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19 If you know the answer to a question in the FAQ list, please reply to the |
597 | 20 question by e-mail instead of posting. Help reduce noise! |
134 | 21 |
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22 The FAQ is crossposted to comp.emacs because some sites do not receive the |
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23 gnu.* newsgroups. The FAQ is also crossposted to news.answers. |
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24 |
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25 Full instructions for getting the latest FAQ are in question 22. |
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26 |
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27 A diff file between the last version of the FAQ and this one should have |
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28 been posted along with the FAQ. If you did not receive the diff file, you |
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29 can get it at |
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30 |
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31 ftp://the-tech.mit.edu/pub/GNU-Emacs/faq-diffs |
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32 |
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33 Please suggest new questions, answers, wording changes, and deletions by |
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34 sending mail to emacs-faq@lerner.co.il. The most helpful form for |
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35 suggestions is a context diff (i.e., the output of `diff -c'). Include |
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36 "FAQ" in the subject of messages about the FAQ list. |
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37 |
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38 Please do not send questions to us just because you do not want to disturb |
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39 a lot of people and you think we would know the answer. We do not have |
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40 time to answer questions individually. :-( |
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41 |
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42 -- |
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43 Reuven M. Lerner <reuven@lerner.co.il> and the FAQ team (a full list is |
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44 at the bottom of the FAQ). |
1736 | 45 |
597 | 46 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
47 | |
1736 | 48 Notation Used in FAQ |
49 | |
50 1: What do these mean: C-h, M-C-a, RET, "ESC a", etc.? | |
51 2: What does "M-x command" mean? | |
52 3: How do I read topic XXX in the on-line manual? | |
53 4: What do these mean: etc/SERVICE, src/config.h, lisp/default.el? | |
54 5: What are FSF, LPF, OSF, GNU, RMS, FTP, and GPL? | |
55 | |
56 General Questions | |
57 | |
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58 6: What is the LPF? |
1736 | 59 7: What is the real legal meaning of the GNU copyleft? |
60 8: What are appropriate messages for gnu.emacs.help, gnu.emacs.bug, | |
61 comp.emacs, etc.? | |
62 9: Where can I get old postings to gnu.emacs.help and other GNU groups? | |
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63 10: Where should I report bugs and other problems with Emacs? |
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64 11: How do I unsubscribe from this mailing list? |
1736 | 65 12: What is the current address of the FSF? |
597 | 66 |
1736 | 67 On-line Help, Printed Manuals, Other Sources of Help |
68 | |
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69 13: I'm just starting Emacs; how do I do basic editing? |
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70 14: How do I find out how to do something in Emacs? |
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71 15: How do I get a printed copy of the Emacs manual? |
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72 16: Where can I get documentation on Emacs Lisp? |
1736 | 73 17: How do I install a piece of Texinfo documentation? |
74 18: How do I print a Texinfo file? | |
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75 19: Can I view Info files without using Emacs? |
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76 20: What informational files are available for Emacs? |
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77 21: Where can I get help in installing Emacs? |
1736 | 78 22: Where can I get the latest version of this document (the FAQ list)? |
79 | |
80 Status of Emacs | |
81 | |
82 23: Where does the name "Emacs" come from? | |
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83 24: What is the latest version of Emacs? |
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84 25: What is different about Emacs 20? |
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85 |
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86 Common Things People Want To Do |
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87 |
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88 26: How do I set up a .emacs file properly? |
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89 27: How do I debug a .emacs file? |
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90 28: How do I make Emacs display the current line (or column) number? |
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91 29: How can I modify the titlebar to contain the current filename? |
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92 30: How do I turn on abbrevs by default just in mode XXX? |
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93 31: How do I turn on auto-fill mode by default? |
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94 32: How do I make Emacs use a certain major mode for certain files? |
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95 33: How do I search for, delete, or replace unprintable (8-bit or control) |
1736 | 96 characters? |
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97 34: How can I highlight a region of text in Emacs? |
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98 35: How do I control Emacs's case-sensitivity when searching/replacing? |
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99 36: How do I make Emacs wrap words for me? |
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100 37: Where can I get a better spelling checker for Emacs? |
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101 38: How can I spell-check TeX or *roff documents? |
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102 39: How do I change load-path? |
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103 40: How do I use an already running Emacs from another window? |
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104 41: How do I make Emacs recognize my compiler's funny error messages? |
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105 42: How do I indent switch statements like this? |
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106 43: How can I make Emacs automatically scroll horizontally? |
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107 44: How do I make Emacs "typeover" or "overwrite" instead of inserting? |
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108 45: How do I stop Emacs from beeping on a terminal? |
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109 46: How do I turn down the bell volume in Emacs running under X Windows? |
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110 47: How do I tell Emacs to automatically indent a new line to the |
1736 | 111 indentation of the previous line? |
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112 48: How do I show which parenthesis matches the one I'm looking at? |
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113 49: In C mode, can I show just the lines that will be left after #ifdef |
1736 | 114 commands are handled by the compiler? |
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115 50: Is there an equivalent to the `.' (dot) command of vi? |
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116 51: What are the valid X resource settings (i.e., stuff in .Xdefaults)? |
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117 52: How do I execute ("evaluate") a piece of Emacs Lisp code? |
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118 53: How do I change Emacs's idea of the tab character's length? |
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119 54: How do I insert `>' at the beginning of every line? |
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120 55: How do I insert "_^H" before each character in a region to get an |
1736 | 121 underlined paragraph? |
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122 56: How do I repeat a command as many times as possible? |
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123 57: How do I make Emacs behave like this: when I go up or down, the cursor |
1736 | 124 should stay in the same column even if the line is too short? |
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125 58: How do I tell Emacs to iconify itself? |
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126 59: How do I use regexps (regular expressions) in Emacs? |
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127 60: How do I perform a replace operation across more than one file? |
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128 61: Where is the documentation for "etags"? |
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129 62: How do I disable backup files? |
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130 63: How do I disable auto-save-mode? |
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131 64: How can I create or modify new pull-down menu options? |
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132 65: How do I delete menus and menu options? |
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133 66: How do I turn on syntax highlighting? |
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134 67: How can I force Emacs to scroll only one line when I move past the |
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135 bottom of the screen? |
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136 68: How can I replace highlighted text with what I type? |
24074 | 137 69: How can I edit MS-DOS-style text files using Emacs? |
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138 70: How can I tell Emacs to fill paragraphs with a single space after |
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139 each period? |
1736 | 140 |
141 Bugs/Problems | |
597 | 142 |
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143 71: Does Emacs have problems with files larger than 8 megabytes? |
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144 72: How do I get rid of ^M or echoed commands in my shell buffer? |
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145 73: Why do I get "Process shell exited abnormally with code 1"? |
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146 74: Where is the termcap/terminfo entry for terminal type "emacs"? |
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147 75: Why does Emacs spontaneously start displaying "I-search:" and beeping? |
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148 76: Why can't Emacs talk to certain hosts (or certain hostnames)? |
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149 77: Why does Emacs say "Error in init file"? |
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150 78: Why does Emacs ignore my X resources (my .Xdefaults file)? |
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151 79: Why does Emacs take 20 seconds to visit a file? |
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152 80: How do I edit a file with a `$' in its name? |
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153 81: Why does shell mode lose track of the shell's current directory? |
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154 82: Are there any security risks in Emacs? |
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155 83: Dired says, "no file on this line" when I try to do something. |
1736 | 156 |
157 Difficulties Building/Installing/Porting Emacs | |
158 | |
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159 84: How do I install Emacs? |
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160 85: How do I update Emacs to the latest version? |
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161 86: What should I do if I have trouble building Emacs? |
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162 87: Why does linking Emacs with -lX11 fail? |
1736 | 163 |
164 Finding/Getting Emacs and Related Packages | |
597 | 165 |
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166 88: Where can I get Emacs on the net (or by snail mail)? |
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167 89: How do I find a Emacs Lisp package that does XXX? |
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168 90: Where can I get Emacs Lisp packages that don't come with Emacs? |
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169 91: How do I submit code to the Emacs Lisp Archive? |
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170 92: Where can I get other up-to-date GNU stuff? |
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171 93: What is the difference between Emacs and XEmacs (formerly "Lucid |
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172 Emacs")? |
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173 94: Where can I get Emacs for my PC running MS-DOS? |
24074 | 174 95: Where can I get Emacs for Microsoft Windows, Windows 9x, or Windows |
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175 NT? |
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176 96: Where can I get Emacs for my PC running OS/2? |
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177 97: Where can I get Emacs for my Atari ST? |
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178 98: Where can I get Emacs for my Amiga? |
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179 99: Where can I get Emacs for NeXTSTEP? |
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180 100: Where can I get Emacs for my Apple computer? |
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181 101: Where do I get Emacs that runs on VMS under DECwindows? |
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182 102: Where can I get modes for Lex, Yacc/Bison, Bourne shell, Csh, C++, |
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183 Objective-C, Pascal, Java, and Awk? |
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184 103: What is the IP address of XXX.YYY.ZZZ? |
1736 | 185 |
186 Major Emacs Lisp Packages, Emacs Extensions, and Related Programs | |
597 | 187 |
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188 104: VM (View Mail) -- another mail reader within Emacs, with MIME support |
24073 | 189 105: Supercite -- mail and news citation package within Emacs |
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190 106: Calc -- poor man's Mathematica within Emacs |
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191 107: VIPER -- vi emulation for Emacs |
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192 108: AUC TeX -- enhanced LaTeX mode with debugging facilities |
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193 109: BBDB -- personal Info Rolodex integrated with mail/news readers |
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194 110: Ispell -- spell checker in C with interface for Emacs |
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195 111: W3-mode -- A World Wide Web browser inside of Emacs |
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196 112: EDB -- Database program for Emacs; replaces forms editing modes |
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197 113: Mailcrypt -- PGP interface within Emacs mail and news |
24073 | 198 114: JDE -- Development environment for Java programming |
199 115: Patch -- program to apply "diffs" for updating files | |
134 | 200 |
1736 | 201 Changing Key Bindings and Handling Key Binding Problems |
202 | |
24073 | 203 116: How do I bind keys (including function keys) to commands? |
204 117: Why does Emacs say "Key sequence XXX uses invalid prefix characters"? | |
205 118: Why doesn't this [terminal or window-system setup] code work in my | |
597 | 206 .emacs file, but it works just fine after Emacs starts up? |
24073 | 207 119: How do I use function keys under X Windows? |
208 120: How do I tell what characters or symbols my function or arrow keys | |
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209 emit? |
24073 | 210 121: How do I set the X key "translations" for Emacs? |
211 122: How do I handle C-s and C-q being used for flow control? | |
212 123: How do I bind `C-s' and `C-q' (or any key) if these keys are filtered | |
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213 out? |
24073 | 214 124: Why does the "Backspace" key invoke help? |
215 125: Why doesn't Emacs look at the stty settings for Backspace vs. Delete? | |
216 126: How do I "swap" two keys? | |
217 127: How do I produce C-XXX with my keyboard? | |
218 128: What if I don't have a Meta key? | |
219 129: What if I don't have an Escape key? | |
220 130: Can I make my "Compose Character" key behave like a Meta key? | |
221 131: How do I bind a combination of modifier key and function key? | |
222 132: Why doesn't my Meta key work in an xterm window? | |
223 133: Why doesn't my ExtendChar key work as a Meta key under HP-UX 8.0 | |
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224 and 9.x? |
597 | 225 |
1736 | 226 Using Emacs with Alternate Character Sets |
597 | 227 |
24073 | 228 134: How do I make Emacs display 8-bit characters? |
229 135: How do I input 8-bit characters? | |
230 136: Where can I get an Emacs that handles kanji, Chinese, or other | |
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231 character sets? |
24073 | 232 137: Where is an Emacs that can handle Semitic (right-to-left) alphabets? |
597 | 233 |
1736 | 234 Mail and News |
597 | 235 |
24073 | 236 138: How do I change the included text prefix in mail/news followups? |
237 139: How do I save a copy of outgoing mail? | |
238 140: Why doesn't Emacs expand my aliases when sending mail? | |
239 141: Why does Rmail think all my saved messages are one big message? | |
240 142: How can I sort the messages in my Rmail folder? | |
241 143: Why does Rmail need to write to /usr/spool/mail? | |
242 144: How do I recover my mail files after Rmail munges their format? | |
243 145: How can I force Rmail to reply to the sender of a message, but not the | |
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244 other recipients? |
24073 | 245 146: How can I get my favorite Emacs mail package to support MIME? |
246 147: How do I make Emacs automatically start my mail/news reader? | |
247 148: How do I read news under Emacs? | |
248 149: Why doesn't Gnus work via NNTP? | |
249 150: How do I view news articles with embedded underlining (e.g., | |
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250 ClariNews)? |
24073 | 251 151: How do I save all the items of a multi-part posting in Gnus? |
252 152: How do I make Gnus start up faster? | |
253 153: How do I catch up all newsgroups in Gnus? | |
254 154: Why can't I kill in Gnus based on the Newsgroups/Keywords/Control | |
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255 headers? |
24073 | 256 155: How do I get rid of flashing messages in Gnus for slow connections? |
257 156: Why is catch up slow in Gnus? | |
258 157: Why does Gnus hang for a long time when posting? | |
259 158: Where can I find out more about Gnus? | |
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260 |
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261 ------------------------------------------------------------ |
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262 |
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263 If you are viewing this text in a GNU Emacs Buffer, you can type "M-2 C-x |
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264 $" to get an overview of just the questions. Then, when you want to look |
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265 at the text of the answers, just type "C-x $". |
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266 |
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267 To search for a question numbered XXX, type "M-C-s ^XXX:", followed by a |
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268 C-r if that doesn't work. Type RET to end the search. |
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269 |
24074 | 270 If you have a web browser and the browse-url package configured for |
271 it, you can visit ftp and HTTP uniform resource locators (URLs) by | |
272 placing the cursor on the URL and typing M-x browse-url-at-point. | |
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273 |
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274 The FAQ is posted in five parts; if you are missing a section or would |
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275 prefer to read the FAQ in a single file, see question 22. |
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276 |
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277 ------------------------------------------------------------ |
24295 | 278 Time-stamp: <1999-02-10 18:44:04 reuven> |
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279 |
134 | 280 |
1736 | 281 Notation Used in FAQ |
134 | 282 |
1736 | 283 Skip this section and then come back if you don't understand some of the |
284 later answers. | |
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285 |
1736 | 286 1: What do these mean: C-h, M-C-a, RET, "ESC a", etc.? |
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287 |
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288 C-x: press the `x' key while holding down the Control key |
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289 |
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290 M-x: press the `x' key while holding down the Meta key (if your computer |
24073 | 291 doesn't have a Meta key, see question 128) |
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292 |
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293 M-C-x: press the `x' key while holding down both Control and Meta |
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294 C-M-x: a synonym for the above |
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295 |
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296 LFD: Linefeed or Newline; same as C-j |
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297 RET: Return, sometimes marked Enter; same as C-m |
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298 DEL: Delete, usually not the same as Backspace; same as C-? (See |
24073 | 299 question 124 if deleting invokes Emacs help) |
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300 ESC: Escape; same as C-[ |
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301 TAB: Tab; same as C-i |
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302 SPC: Space bar |
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303 |
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304 Key sequences longer than one key (and some single-key sequences) are |
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305 inside double quotes or on lines by themselves. Any real spaces in such |
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306 a key sequence should be ignored; only SPC really means press the space |
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307 key. |
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308 |
1736 | 309 The ASCII code sent by C-x (except for C-?) is the value that would be |
310 sent by pressing just `x' minus 96 (or 64 for uppercase `X') and will be | |
311 from 0 to 31. The ASCII code sent by M-x is the sum of 128 and the ASCII | |
312 code that would be sent by pressing just the `x' key. Essentially, the | |
313 Control key turns off bits 5 and 6 and the Meta key turns on bit 7. | |
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314 |
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315 NOTE: C-? (aka DEL) is ASCII code 127. It is a misnomer to call C-? a |
1736 | 316 "control" key, since 127 has both bits 5 and 6 turned ON. Also, on very |
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317 few keyboards does C-? generate ASCII code 127. |
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318 |
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319 For further information, see "Characters" and "Keys" in the on-line |
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320 manual. (See question 3 if you don't know how.) |
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321 |
1736 | 322 2: What does "M-x command" mean? |
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323 |
134 | 324 "M-x command" means type M-x, then type the name of the command, then |
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325 type RET. (See question 1 if you're not sure what "M-x" and "RET" mean.) |
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326 |
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327 M-x (by default) invokes the command "execute-extended-command". This |
1736 | 328 command allows you to run any Emacs command if you can remember the |
329 command's name. If you can't remember the command's name, you can type | |
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330 TAB and SPC for completion, `?' for a list of possibilities, and M-p and |
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331 M-n to see previous commands entered. An Emacs "command" is any |
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332 "interactive" Emacs function. |
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333 |
134 | 334 NOTE: Your system administrator may have bound other key sequences to |
1736 | 335 invoke execute-extended-command. A function key labeled `Do' is a good |
134 | 336 candidate for this. |
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337 |
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338 To run non-interactive Emacs functions, see question 52. |
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339 |
1736 | 340 3: How do I read topic XXX in the on-line manual? |
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341 |
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342 When we refer you to topic XXX in the on-line manual, you can read this |
1736 | 343 manual node inside Emacs (assuming nothing is broken) by typing this: |
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344 |
1736 | 345 C-h i m emacs RET m XXX RET |
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346 |
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347 This invokes Info, the GNU hypertext documentation browser. If you don't |
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348 already know how to use Info, type `?' from within Info. |
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349 |
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350 If we refer to topic XXX:YYY, type this: |
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351 |
1736 | 352 C-h i m emacs RET m XXX RET m YYY RET |
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353 |
1736 | 354 WARNING: Your system administrator may not have installed the Info files, |
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355 or may have installed them improperly. In this case you should complain. |
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356 |
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357 See question 15 if you would like a paper copy of the Emacs manual. |
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358 |
1736 | 359 4: What do these mean: etc/SERVICE, src/config.h, lisp/default.el? |
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360 |
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361 These are files that come with Emacs. The Emacs distribution is divided |
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362 into subdirectories; the important ones are "etc", "lisp", and "src". |
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363 |
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364 If you use Emacs, but don't know where it is kept on your system, start |
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365 Emacs, then type "C-h v data-directory RET". The directory name |
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366 displayed by this will be the full pathname of the installed "etc" |
1736 | 367 directory. |
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368 |
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369 The location of your Info directory (i.e., where on-line documentation is |
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370 stored) is kept in the variable Info-default-directory-list. Use "C-h v |
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371 Info-default-directory-list RET" to see the contents of this variable, |
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372 which will be a list of directory names. The last directory in that list |
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373 is probably where most Info files are stored. By default, Info |
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374 documentation is placed in /usr/local/info. |
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375 |
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376 Some of these files are available individually via FTP or e-mail; see |
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377 question 20. All are available in the source distribution. Many of the |
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378 files in the "etc" directory are also available via the Emacs "help" |
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379 menu, or by typing "C-h ?" (M-x help-for-help). |
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380 |
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381 WARNING: Your system administrator may have removed the src directory and |
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382 many files from the etc directory. |
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383 |
1736 | 384 5: What are FSF, LPF, OSF, GNU, RMS, FTP, and GPL? |
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385 |
134 | 386 FSF == Free Software Foundation |
387 LPF == League for Programming Freedom | |
388 OSF == Open Software Foundation | |
389 GNU == GNU's Not Unix | |
597 | 390 RMS == Richard Matthew Stallman |
134 | 391 FTP == File Transfer Protocol |
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392 GPL == GNU General Public License |
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393 |
597 | 394 NOTE: Avoid confusing the FSF, the LPF, and the OSF. The LPF opposes |
395 look-and-feel copyrights and software patents. The FSF aims to make high | |
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396 quality free software available for everyone. The OSF is a consortium of |
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397 computer vendors which develops commercial software for Unix systems. |
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398 |
597 | 399 NOTE: The word "free" in the title of the Free Software Foundation refers |
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400 to "freedom," not "zero dollars." Anyone can charge any price for |
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401 GPL-covered software that they want to. However, in practice, the |
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402 freedom enforced by the GPL leads to low prices, because you can always |
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403 get the software for less money from someone else, because everyone has |
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404 the right to resell or give away GPL-covered software. |
134 | 405 |
406 | |
1736 | 407 General Questions |
134 | 408 |
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409 6: What is the LPF? |
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410 |
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411 The LPF opposes the expanding danger of software patents and |
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412 look-and-feel copyrights. To get more information, feel free to contact |
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413 the LPF via e-mail or otherwise. You may also contact Joe Wells |
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414 <jbw@cs.bu.edu>; he will be happy to talk with you about the LPF. |
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415 |
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416 You can find more information about the LPF in the file etc/LPF. More |
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417 papers describing the LPF's views are available on the Internet and also |
1736 | 418 from the LPF: |
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419 |
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420 http://lpf.ai.mit.edu/ |
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421 |
1736 | 422 7: What is the real legal meaning of the GNU copyleft? |
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423 |
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424 The real legal meaning of the GNU General Public License (copyleft) will |
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425 only be known if and when a judge rules on its validity and scope. There |
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426 has never been a copyright infringement case involving the GPL to set any |
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427 precedents. Please take any discussion regarding this issue to the |
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428 newsgroup gnu.misc.discuss, which was created to hold the extensive flame |
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429 wars on the subject. |
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430 |
1736 | 431 RMS writes: |
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432 |
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433 The legal meaning of the GNU copyleft is less important than the |
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434 spirit, which is that Emacs is a free software project and that work |
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435 pertaining to Emacs should also be free software. "Free" means that |
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436 all users have the freedom to study, share, change and improve Emacs. |
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437 To make sure everyone has this freedom, pass along source code when you |
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438 distribute any version of Emacs or a related program, and give the |
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439 recipients the same freedom that you enjoyed. |
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440 |
1736 | 441 8: What are appropriate messages for gnu.emacs.help, gnu.emacs.bug, |
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442 comp.emacs, etc.? |
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443 |
1736 | 444 The file etc/MAILINGLISTS discusses the purpose of each GNU mailing-list. |
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445 (See question 20 if you want a copy of the file.) For those lists which |
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446 are gatewayed with newsgroups, it lists both the newsgroup name and the |
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447 mailing list address. |
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448 |
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449 comp.emacs is for discussion of Emacs programs in general. This includes |
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450 Emacs along with various other implementations, such as JOVE, MicroEmacs, |
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451 Freemacs, MG, Unipress, CCA, and Epsilon. |
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452 |
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453 Many people post Emacs questions to comp.emacs because they don't receive |
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454 any of the gnu.* newsgroups. Arguments have been made both for and |
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455 against posting GNU-Emacs-specific material to comp.emacs. You have to |
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456 decide for yourself. |
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457 |
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458 Messages advocating "non-free" software are considered unacceptable on |
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459 any of the gnu.* newsgroups except for gnu.misc.discuss, which was |
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460 created to hold the extensive flame-wars on the subject. "Non-free" |
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461 software includes any software for which the end user can't freely modify |
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462 the source code and exchange enhancements. Be careful to remove the |
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463 gnu.* groups from the "Newsgroups:" line when posting a followup that |
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464 recommends such software. |
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465 |
1736 | 466 gnu.emacs.bug is a place where bug reports appear, but avoid posting bug |
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467 reports to this newsgroup (see question 10). |
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468 |
1736 | 469 9: Where can I get old postings to gnu.emacs.help and other GNU groups? |
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470 |
1736 | 471 The FSF has maintained archives of all of the GNU mailing lists for many |
472 years, although there may be some unintentional gaps in coverage. The | |
473 archive is not particularly well organized or easy to retrieve individual | |
24293 | 474 postings from, but pretty much everything is there. The archives |
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475 are available at |
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476 |
24293 | 477 ftp://ftp-mailing-list-archives.gnu.org/ |
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478 |
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479 Web-based Usenet search services, such as DejaNews, also archive the |
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480 gnu.* groups. You can reach DejaNews at |
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481 |
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482 http://www.dejanews.com |
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483 |
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484 10: Where should I report bugs and other problems with Emacs? |
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485 |
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486 The correct way to report Emacs bugs is by e-mail to |
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487 bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org. Anything sent here also appears in the |
1736 | 488 newsgroup gnu.emacs.bug, but please use e-mail instead of news to submit |
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489 the bug report. This ensures a reliable return address so you can be |
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490 contacted for further details. |
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491 |
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492 Be sure to read the "Bugs" section of the Emacs manual before reporting a |
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493 bug to bug-gnu-emacs! The manual describes in detail how to submit a |
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494 useful bug report. (See question 3 if you don't know how to read the |
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495 manual.) |
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496 |
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497 RMS says: |
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498 |
1736 | 499 Sending bug reports to help-gnu-emacs (which has the effect of posting |
500 on gnu.emacs.help) is undesirable because it takes the time of an | |
501 unnecessarily large group of people, most of whom are just users and | |
502 have no idea how to fix these problem. bug-gnu-emacs reaches a much | |
503 smaller group of people who are more likely to know what to do and have | |
504 expressed a wish to receive more messages about Emacs than the others. | |
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505 |
1736 | 506 However, RMS says there are circumstances when it is okay to post to |
507 gnu.emacs.help: | |
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508 |
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509 If you have reported a bug and you don't hear about a possible fix, |
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510 then after a suitable delay (such as a week) it is okay to post on |
1736 | 511 gnu.emacs.help asking if anyone can help you. |
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512 |
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513 If you are unsure whether you have found a bug, consider the following |
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514 non-exhaustive list, courtesy of RMS: |
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515 |
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516 If Emacs crashes, that is a bug. If Emacs gets compilation errors |
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517 while building, that is a bug. If Emacs crashes while building, that |
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518 is a bug. If Lisp code does not do what the documentation says it |
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519 does, that is a bug. |
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520 |
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521 11: How do I unsubscribe from this mailing list? |
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522 |
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523 If you are receiving a GNU mailing list named "XXX", you might be able to |
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524 unsubscribe from it by sending a request to the address |
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525 <XXX-request@gnu.org>. However, this will not work if you are |
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526 not listed on the main mailing list, but instead receive the mail from a |
1736 | 527 distribution point. In that case, you will have to track down at which |
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528 distribution point you are listed. Inspecting the "Received:" headers on |
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529 the mail messages may help, along with liberal use of the "EXPN" or |
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530 "VRFY" sendmail commands through "telnet <site-address> smtp". Ask your |
1736 | 531 postmaster for help. |
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532 |
1736 | 533 12: What is the current address of the FSF? |
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534 |
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535 E-mail: gnu@gnu.org |
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536 Telephone: +1-617-542-5942 |
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537 Fax: +1-617-542-2652 |
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538 World Wide Web: http://www.gnu.org/ |
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539 |
1736 | 540 Postal address: |
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541 Free Software Foundation |
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542 59 Temple Place - Suite 330 |
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543 Boston, MA 02111-1307 |
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544 USA |
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545 |
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546 For details on how to order items directly from the FSF, see the file |
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547 etc/ORDERS. |
1736 | 548 |
549 | |
550 On-line Help, Printed Manuals, Other Sources of Help | |
551 | |
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552 13: I'm just starting Emacs; how do I do basic editing? |
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553 |
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554 Type "C-h t" to invoke the self-paced tutorial. Just typing `C-h' enters |
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555 the help system. |
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556 |
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557 WARNING: Your system administrator may have changed `C-h' to act like DEL |
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558 to deal with local keyboards. You can use M-x help-for-help instead to |
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559 invoke help. To discover what key (if any) invokes help on your system, |
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560 type "M-x where-is RET help-for-help RET". This will print a |
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561 comma-separated list of key sequences in the echo area. Ignore the last |
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562 character in each key sequence listed. Each of the resulting key |
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563 sequences invokes help. |
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564 |
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565 NOTE: Emacs help works best if it is invoked by a single key whose value |
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566 should be stored in the variable help-char. |
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567 |
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568 There is also a WWW-based tutorial for Emacs 18, much of which is also |
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569 relevant for Emacs 20, available at |
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570 |
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571 http://kufacts.cc.ukans.edu/cwis/writeups/misc/emacsguide.html |
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572 |
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573 14: How do I find out how to do something in Emacs? |
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574 |
134 | 575 There are several methods for finding out how to do things in Emacs. |
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576 |
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577 * The complete text of the Emacs manual is available on-line via the Info |
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578 hypertext reader. Type "C-h i" to invoke Info. Typing `h' immediately |
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579 after entering Info will provide a short tutorial on how to use it. |
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580 |
1736 | 581 * You can order a hardcopy of the manual from the FSF. See question 15. |
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582 |
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583 * You can get a printed reference card listing commands and keys to |
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584 invoke them. You can order one from the FSF for $1 (or 10 for $5), or |
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585 you can print your own from the etc/refcard.tex or etc/refcard.ps files |
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586 in the Emacs distribution. |
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587 |
1736 | 588 * You can list all of the commands whose names contain a certain word |
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589 (actually which match a regular expression) using "C-h a" (M-x |
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590 command-apropos). |
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591 |
1736 | 592 * You can list all of the functions and variables whose names contain a |
593 certain word using M-x apropos. | |
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594 |
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595 * There are many other commands in Emacs for getting help and |
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596 information. To get a list of these commands, type `?' after `C-h'. |
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597 |
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598 15: How do I get a printed copy of the Emacs manual? |
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599 |
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600 You can order a printed copy of the Emacs manual from the FSF. For |
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601 details see the file etc/ORDERS. |
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602 |
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603 The full TeX source for the manual also comes in the "man" directory of |
597 | 604 the Emacs distribution, if you're daring enough to try to print out this |
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605 440-page manual yourself (see question 18). |
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606 |
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607 If you absolutely have to print your own copy, and you don't have TeX, |
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608 you can get a PostScript version from |
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609 |
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610 ftp://ftp.cs.ubc.ca/pub/archive/gnu/manuals_ps/emacs-19.21.ps.gz |
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611 |
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612 Note that the above document is somewhat out of date, although most major |
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613 concepts are still relevant. This site requests that you please *confine |
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614 any major ftping to late evenings or early mornings, local time* (Pacific |
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615 time zone, GMT-8). |
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616 |
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617 A WWW version of the (somewhat outdated) Emacs 19.34 manual is at |
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618 |
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619 http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/texinfodoc/emacs_toc.html |
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620 |
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621 See also question 14 for how to view the manual on-line. |
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622 |
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623 16: Where can I get documentation on Emacs Lisp? |
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624 |
1736 | 625 Within Emacs, you can type "C-h f" to get the documentation for a |
626 function, "C-h v" for a variable. | |
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627 |
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628 For more information, obtain the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. Details on |
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629 ordering it from FSF are in file etc/ORDERS. |
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630 |
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631 The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is also available on-line, in Info |
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632 format. Texinfo source for the manual (along with pregenerated Info |
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633 files) is available at |
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634 |
24295 | 635 ftp://gnudist.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-manual-20-2.5.tar.gz |
24074 | 636 |
637 and all mirrors of gnudist.gnu.org (See question 92 for a list). See | |
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638 question 17 if you want to install the Info files, or question 18 if you |
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639 want to use the Texinfo source to print the manual yourself. |
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640 |
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641 WWW versions of the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual are available at |
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642 |
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643 http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/texinfodoc/elisp_1.html |
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644 http://www.cs.indiana.edu/usr/local/www/elisp/lispref/elisp_toc.html |
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645 |
1736 | 646 17: How do I install a piece of Texinfo documentation? |
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647 |
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648 First, you must turn the Texinfo files into Info files. You may do this |
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649 using the stand-alone "makeinfo" program, available as part of the latest |
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650 Texinfo package at |
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651 |
24295 | 652 ftp://gnudist.gnu.org/pub/gnu/texinfo/texinfo-3.12.tar.gz |
24074 | 653 |
654 and all mirrors of gnudist.gnu.org (see question 92 for a list). | |
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655 |
597 | 656 For information about the Texinfo format, read the Texinfo manual which |
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657 comes with Emacs. This manual also comes installed in Info format, so |
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658 you can read it on-line. |
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659 |
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660 Neither texinfo-format-buffer nor makeinfo installs the resulting Info |
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661 files in Emacs's Info tree. To install Info files: |
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662 |
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663 1. Move the files to the "info" directory in the installed Emacs |
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664 distribution. See question 4 if you don't know where that is. |
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665 |
597 | 666 2. Edit the file info/dir in the installed Emacs distribution, and add a |
667 line for the top level node in the Info package that you are | |
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668 installing. Follow the examples already in this file. The format is: |
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669 |
597 | 670 * Topic: (relative-pathname). Short description of topic. |
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671 |
24074 | 672 If (as it should have done) the Texinfo file used the @direntry |
673 command, you can run the "install-info" command from the current | |
674 Texinfo distribution to do this automatically -- see the example in | |
675 the top-level Makefile in the Emacs source. | |
676 | |
597 | 677 If you want to install Info files and you don't have the necessary |
1736 | 678 privileges, you have several options: |
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679 |
1736 | 680 * Info files don't actually need to be installed before being used. You |
597 | 681 can feed a file name to the Info-goto-node command (invoked by pressing |
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682 `g' in Info mode) by typing the name of the file in parentheses. This |
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683 goes to the node named "Top" in that file. For example, to view a Info |
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684 file named "XXX" in your home directory, you can type this: |
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685 |
597 | 686 C-h i g (~/XXX) RET |
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687 |
1736 | 688 * You can create your own Info directory. You can tell Emacs where the |
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689 Info directory is by adding its pathname to the value of the variable |
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690 Info-default-directory-list. For example, to use a private Info |
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691 directory which is a subdirectory of your home directory named "Info", |
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692 you could put this in your .emacs file: |
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693 |
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694 (setq Info-default-directory-list |
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695 (cons "~/Info" Info-default-directory-list)) |
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696 |
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697 You will need a top-level Info file named "dir" in this directory which |
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698 has everything the system dir file has in it, except it should list |
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699 only entries for Info files in that directory. You might not need it |
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700 if all files in this directory were referenced by other "dir" files. |
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701 The node lists from all dir files in Info-default-directory-list are |
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702 merged by the Info system. |
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703 |
1736 | 704 18: How do I print a Texinfo file? |
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705 |
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706 NOTE: You can't get nicely printed output from Info files; you must still |
1736 | 707 have the original Texinfo source file for the manual you want to print. |
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708 |
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709 Assuming you have TeX installed on your system, follow these steps: |
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710 |
597 | 711 1. Make sure the first line of the Texinfo file looks like this: |
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712 |
597 | 713 \input texinfo |
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714 |
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715 You may need to change "texinfo" to the full pathname of the |
597 | 716 texinfo.tex file, which comes with Emacs as man/texinfo.tex (or copy |
717 or link it into the current directory). | |
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718 |
597 | 719 2. tex XXX.texinfo |
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720 |
597 | 721 3. texindex XXX.?? |
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722 |
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723 The texindex program comes with Emacs as man/texindex.c. |
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724 |
597 | 725 4. tex XXX.texinfo |
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726 |
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727 5. Print the DVI file XXX.dvi in the normal way for printing DVI files at |
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|
728 your site. |
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|
729 |
597 | 730 To get more general instructions, retrieve the latest Texinfo package |
24074 | 731 mentioned in question 17. The "texi2dvi" command from it will perform |
732 the above steps 1 to 4 for you. | |
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733 |
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734 19: Can I view Info files without using Emacs? |
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735 |
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736 Yes. Here are some alternative programs: |
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737 |
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738 * Info, a stand-alone version of the Info program, comes as part of the |
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739 Texinfo package. See question 17 for details. |
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740 |
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741 * Xinfo, a stand-alone version of the Info program that runs under X |
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742 Windows. You can get it at |
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743 |
24295 | 744 ftp://gnudist.gnu.org/pub/gnu/xinfo/xinfo-1.01.01.tar.gz |
24074 | 745 |
746 and all mirrors of gnudist.gnu.org (See question 92 for a list). | |
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747 |
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748 * Tkinfo, an Info viewer that runs under X Windows and uses Tcl/Tk. You |
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749 can get Tkinfo at |
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750 |
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751 http://math-www.uni-paderborn.de/~axel/tkinfo/ |
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752 |
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753 20: What informational files are available for Emacs? |
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754 |
597 | 755 This isn't a frequently asked question, but it should be! A variety of |
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756 informational files about Emacs and relevant aspects of the GNU project |
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757 are available for you to read. |
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758 |
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759 The following files are available in the "etc" directory of the Emacs |
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760 distribution (see question 4 if you're not sure where that is). |
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761 |
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762 COPYING -- Emacs General Public License |
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763 DISTRIB -- Emacs Availability Information, including the popular |
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764 "Free Software Foundation Order Form" |
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765 FAQ -- Emacs Frequently Asked Questions (You're reading it) |
134 | 766 FTP -- How to get GNU Software by Internet FTP or by UUCP |
767 GNU -- The GNU Manifesto | |
768 INTERVIEW -- Richard Stallman discusses his public-domain | |
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769 UNIX-compatible software system with BYTE editors |
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770 LPF -- Why you should join the League for Programming Freedom |
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771 MACHINES -- Status of Emacs on Various Machines and Systems |
134 | 772 MAILINGLISTS -- GNU Project Electronic Mailing Lists |
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773 NEWS -- Emacs news, a history of user-visible changes |
24074 | 774 PROBLEMS -- Known problems with building and running Emacs in various |
775 situations, often with workarounds. | |
134 | 776 SERVICE -- GNU Service Directory |
1736 | 777 SUN-SUPPORT -- including "Using Emacstool with GNU Emacs" |
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778 |
24074 | 779 Latest versions of some of the above files are also available at |
780 | |
781 ftp://gnudist.gnu.org/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/ | |
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782 |
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783 More GNU information, including back issues of the "GNU's Bulletin", are at |
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784 |
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785 http://www.gnu.org/bulletins/bulletins.html |
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786 http://www.cs.pdx.edu/~trent/gnu/gnu.html |
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787 |
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788 21: Where can I get help in installing Emacs? |
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789 |
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790 See question 84 for some basic installation hints, and question 83 if you |
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791 have problems with the installation. |
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792 |
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793 The file etc/SERVICE (see question 4 if you're not sure where that is) |
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794 lists companies and individuals willing to sell you help in installing or |
24074 | 795 using Emacs. An up-to-date version this file is available on gnudist.gnu.org |
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796 (see question 20). |
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797 |
1736 | 798 22: Where can I get the latest version of this document (the FAQ list)? |
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799 |
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800 The Emacs FAQ is available in several ways: |
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801 |
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802 * Inside of Emacs itself. You can get it from selecting the "Emacs FAQ" |
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803 option from the "Help" menu at the top of any Emacs frame, or by typing |
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804 C-h F (M-x view-emacs-FAQ). |
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805 |
1736 | 806 * Via USENET. If you can read news, the FAQ should be available in your |
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807 news spool, in both the gnu.emacs.help and comp.emacs newsgroups. |
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808 Every news reader should allow you to read any news article that is |
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809 still in the news spool, even if you have read the article before. You |
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810 may need to read the instructions for your news reader to discover how |
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811 to do this. In rn, this command will do this for you at the article |
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812 selection level: |
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813 |
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814 ?GNU Emacs Frequently Asked Questions?rc:m |
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815 |
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816 In Gnus, you should type "C-u c-x c-s" from the *Summary* buffer or |
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817 "C-u SPC" from the *Newsgroup* buffer to view all articles in a |
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818 newsgroup. |
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819 |
1736 | 820 If the FAQ articles have expired and been deleted from your news spool, |
821 it might (or might not) do some good to complain to your news | |
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822 administrator, because the most recent FAQ should not expire for a |
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823 while. |
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824 |
24073 | 825 * Via HTTP or FTP. You can always fetch the latest FAQ at |
826 | |
827 http://www.lerner.co.il/emacs/ | |
828 | |
829 and | |
830 | |
831 ftp://ftp.lerner.co.il/pub/emacs/ | |
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832 |
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833 * In the Emacs distribution. Since Emacs 18.56, the FAQ at the time of |
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834 release has been part of the Emacs distribution as etc/FAQ (see |
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835 question 4). |
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836 |
24295 | 837 * Via the World Wide Web. A hypertext version is available at |
838 | |
839 http://www.lerner.co.il/emacs/ | |
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840 |
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841 * Via anonymous ftp and e-mail from rtfm.mit.edu (and its mirror in |
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842 Europe), the main repository for FAQs and other items posted to |
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843 news.answers. The Emacs FAQs are available at |
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844 |
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845 ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.emacs/ |
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846 ftp://ftp.uni-paderborn.de/pub/doc/FAQ/comp/emacs/ |
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847 |
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848 If you do not have access to anonymous FTP, you can access the archives |
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849 using the rtfm.mit.edu mail server. The Emacs FAQ can be retrieved by |
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850 sending mail to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with a blank subject and |
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851 containing |
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852 |
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853 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/diffs |
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854 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part1 |
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855 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part2 |
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856 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part3 |
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857 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part4 |
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858 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part5 |
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859 |
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860 For more information, send email to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with |
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861 "help" and "index" in the body on separate lines. |
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862 |
1736 | 863 * As the very last resort, you can e-mail a request to |
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864 emacs-faq@lerner.co.il. Don't do this unless you have made a serious |
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865 effort to obtain the FAQ list via one of the methods listed above. |
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866 |
597 | 867 |
1736 | 868 Status of Emacs |
597 | 869 |
1736 | 870 23: Where does the name "Emacs" come from? |
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871 |
1736 | 872 Emacs originally was an acronym for Editor MACroS. RMS says he "picked |
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873 the name Emacs because `E' was not in use as an abbreviation on ITS at |
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874 the time." The first Emacs was a set of macros written in 1976 at MIT by |
23872
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875 RMS for the editor TECO (Text Editor and COrrector, originally Tape |
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876 Editor and COrrector) under ITS on a PDP-10. RMS had already extended |
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877 TECO with a "real-time" full screen mode with reprogrammable keys. Emacs |
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878 was started by Guy Steele <gls@east.sun.com> as a project to unify the |
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879 many divergent TECO command sets and key bindings at MIT, and completed |
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880 by RMS. |
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881 |
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882 Many people have said that TECO code looks a lot like line noise. See |
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883 alt.lang.teco if you are interested. Someone has written a TECO |
23872
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884 implementation in Emacs Lisp (to find it, see question 90); it would be |
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885 an interesting project to run the original TECO Emacs inside of Emacs. |
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886 |
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887 For some not-so-serious alternative reasons for Emacs to have that name, |
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888 check out etc/JOKES (see question 4). |
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889 |
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890 24: What is the latest version of Emacs? |
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891 |
24074 | 892 Emacs 20.4 is the current version as of this writing. |
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893 |
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894 25: What is different about Emacs 20? |
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895 |
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896 To find out what has changed in recent versions, type C-h n (M-x |
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897 view-emacs-news). The oldest changes are at the bottom of the file, so |
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898 you might want to read it starting there, rather than at the top. |
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899 |
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900 The differences between Emacs versions 18 and 19 was rather dramatic; the |
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901 introduction of frames, faces, and colors on windowing systems was |
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902 obvious to even the most casual user. |
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903 |
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904 There are differences between Emacs versions 19 and 20 as well, but many |
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905 are more subtle or harder to find. Among the changes are the inclusion |
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906 of MULE code for languages that use non-Latin characters, the "customize" |
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907 facility for modifying variables without having to use Lisp, and |
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908 automatic conversion of files from Macintosh, Microsoft, and Unix |
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909 platforms. |
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910 |
24074 | 911 Many Lisp packages have been updated and enhanced for Emacs 20. |
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912 |
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913 |
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914 Common Things People Want To Do |
1736 | 915 |
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916 26: How do I set up a .emacs file properly? |
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917 |
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918 See "Init File" in the on-line manual. |
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919 |
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920 WARNING: In general, new Emacs users should not have .emacs files, |
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921 because it causes confusing non-standard behavior. Then they send |
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922 questions to help-gnu-emacs asking why Emacs isn't behaving as |
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923 documented. :-) |
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924 |
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925 Emacs 20 includes the new "customize" facility, which can be invoked |
24074 | 926 using M-x customize RET or via the Help menu. This allows users who are |
927 unfamiliar with Emacs Lisp to modify their .emacs files in a relatively | |
928 straightforward way, using menus rather than Lisp code. While all the | |
929 packages included with Emacs (are meant to) support Customize now, | |
930 packages from other sources may not. | |
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931 |
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932 While Customize might indeed make it easier to configure Emacs, consider |
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933 taking a bit of time to learn Emacs Lisp and modifying your .emacs |
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934 directly. Simple configuration options are described rather completely in |
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935 the "Init File" section of the on-line manual, for users interested in |
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936 performing frequently requested, basic tasks. |
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937 |
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938 27: How do I debug a .emacs file? |
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939 |
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940 Start Emacs with the "-debug-init" command-line option. This enables the |
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941 Emacs Lisp debugger before evaluating your .emacs file, and places you in |
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942 the debugger if something goes wrong. The top line in the trace-back |
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943 buffer will be the error message, and the second or third line of that |
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944 buffer will display the Lisp code from your .emacs file that caused the |
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945 problem. |
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946 |
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947 You can also evaluate an individual function or argument to a function in |
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948 your .emacs file by moving the cursor to the end of the function or |
24074 | 949 argument and typing "C-x C-e" (M-x eval-last-sexp). "C-M-x" (M-x |
950 eval-defun) is particularly useful for re-evaluating "defvar" and | |
951 "customize" forms. | |
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952 |
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953 Use "C-h v" (M-x describe-variable) to check the value of variables which |
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954 you are trying to set or use. |
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955 |
23872
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956 28: How do I make Emacs display the current line (or column) number? |
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957 |
24074 | 958 To toggle having Emacs automatically display the current line number of the |
959 point in the mode line, do "M-x line-number-mode". (This option is on by | |
960 default.) Note that Emacs will not display the line number if the buffer is | |
961 larger than the value of the variable line-number-display-limit. | |
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962 |
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963 As of Emacs 20, you can similarly display the current column with "M-x |
24074 | 964 column-number-mode", by putting the form |
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965 |
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966 (setq column-number-mode t) |
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967 |
24074 | 968 in your .emacs file or by using Customize. |
23872
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969 |
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970 The "%c" format specifier in the variable mode-line-format will insert |
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971 the current column's value into the mode line. See the documentation for |
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972 mode-line-format (using "C-h v mode-line-format RET") for more |
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973 information on how to set and use this variable. |
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974 |
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975 Users of all Emacs versions can display the current column using Per |
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976 Abrahamsen's <abraham@iesd.auc.dk> "column" package. See question 90 for |
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977 instructions on how to get it. |
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978 |
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979 None of the vi emulation modes provide the "set number" capability of vi |
24074 | 980 (as far as we know) but Kyle Jones's setnu.el package implements such a |
981 feature. | |
23872
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982 |
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983 29: How can I modify the titlebar to contain the current filename? |
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984 |
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985 The contains of an Emacs frame's titlebar is controlled by the variable |
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986 frame-title-format, which has the same structure as the variable |
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987 mode-line-format. (Use "C-h v" or "M-x describe-variable" to get |
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988 information about one or both of these variables.) |
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989 |
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990 By default, the titlebar for a frame does contain the name of the buffer |
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991 currently being visited, except if there is a single frame. In such a |
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992 case, the titlebar contains the name of the user and the machine at which |
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993 Emacs was invoked. This is done by setting frame-title-format to the |
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994 default value of |
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995 |
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996 (multiple-frames "%b" ("" invocation-name "@" system-name)) |
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997 |
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998 To modify the behavior such that frame titlebars contain the buffer's |
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999 name regardless of the number of existing frames, include the following |
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1000 in your .emacs: |
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1001 |
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1002 (setq frame-title-format "%b") |
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1003 |
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1004 30: How do I turn on abbrevs by default just in mode XXX? |
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1005 |
1736 | 1006 Put this in your .emacs file: |
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1007 |
1736 | 1008 (condition-case () |
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1009 (quietly-read-abbrev-file) |
1736 | 1010 (file-error nil)) |
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1011 |
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1012 (add-hook 'XXX-mode-hook |
24074 | 1013 (lambda () |
1014 (setq abbrev-mode t))) | |
23872
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1015 |
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1016 31: How do I turn on auto-fill mode by default? |
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1017 |
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1018 To turn on auto-fill mode just once for one buffer, use "M-x |
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1019 auto-fill-mode". |
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1020 |
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1021 To turn it on for every buffer in a certain mode, you must use the hook |
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1022 for that mode. For example, to turn on auto-fill mode for all text |
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1023 buffers, including the following in your .emacs file: |
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1024 |
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1025 (add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-auto-fill) |
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1026 |
24074 | 1027 You can also do this via the Help -> Options menu, which runs the command |
1028 toggle-text-mode-auto-fill. | |
1029 | |
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1030 If you want auto-fill mode on in all major modes, do this: |
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1031 |
23110
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*** empty log message ***
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1032 (setq-default auto-fill-function 'do-auto-fill) |
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1033 |
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1034 32: How do I make Emacs use a certain major mode for certain files? |
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1035 |
1736 | 1036 If you want to use XXX mode for all files which end with the extension |
23872
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1037 ".YYY", this will do it for you: |
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1038 |
24074 | 1039 (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.YYY\\'" . XXX-mode)) |
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1040 |
1736 | 1041 Otherwise put this somewhere in the first line of any file you want to |
23872
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1042 edit in XXX mode (in the second line, if the first line begins with |
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1043 "#!"): |
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1044 |
1736 | 1045 -*-XXX-*- |
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1046 |
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1047 Beginning with Emacs 19, the variable interpreter-mode-alist specifies |
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1048 which mode to use when loading a shell script. (Emacs determines which |
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1049 interpreter you're using by examining the first line of the file.) This |
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1050 feature only applies when the file name doesn't indicate which mode to |
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1051 use. Use "C-h v" (or M-x describe-variable) on interpreter-mode-alist to |
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1052 learn more. |
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1053 |
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1054 33: How do I search for, delete, or replace unprintable (8-bit or control) |
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1055 characters? |
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1056 |
1736 | 1057 To search for a single character that appears in the buffer as, for |
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1058 example, "\237", you can type "C-s C-q 2 3 7". (This assumes the value |
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1059 of search-quote-char is 17 (i.e., `C-q').) Searching for ALL unprintable |
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1060 characters is best done with a regular expression ("regexp") search. The |
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1061 easiest regexp to use for the unprintable chars is the complement of the |
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1062 regexp for the printable chars. |
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1063 |
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1064 Regexp for the printable chars: [\t\n\r\f -~] |
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1065 Regexp for the unprintable chars: [^\t\n\r\f -~] |
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1066 |
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1067 To type these special characters in an interactive argument to |
1736 | 1068 isearch-forward-regexp or re-search-forward, you need to use C-q. (`\t', |
1069 `\n', `\r', and `\f' stand respectively for TAB, LFD, RET, and C-l.) So, | |
1070 to search for unprintable characters using re-search-forward: | |
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1071 |
1736 | 1072 M-x re-search-forward RET [^ TAB C-q LFD C-q RET C-q C-l SPC -~] RET |
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1073 |
1736 | 1074 Using isearch-forward-regexp: |
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1075 |
1736 | 1076 M-C-s [^ TAB RET C-q RET C-q C-l SPC -~] |
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1077 |
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1078 To delete all unprintable characters, simply use replace-regexp: |
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1079 |
1736 | 1080 M-x replace-regexp RET [^ TAB C-q LFD C-q RET C-q C-l SPC -~] RET RET |
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1081 |
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1082 Replacing is similar to the above. To replace all unprintable characters |
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1083 with a colon, use: |
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1084 |
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1085 M-x replace-regexp RET [^ TAB C-q LFD C-q RET C-q C-l SPC -~] RET : RET |
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1086 |
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1087 NOTE: * You don't need to quote TAB with either isearch or typing |
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1088 something in the minibuffer. |
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1089 |
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1090 34: How can I highlight a region of text in Emacs? |
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1091 |
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1092 If you are using a windowing system such as X, you can cause the region |
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1093 to be highlighted when the mark is active by including |
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1094 |
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1095 (transient-mark-mode t) |
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1096 |
24074 | 1097 in your .emacs file, using Customize or via the Help->Options menu. |
1098 (Also see question 66.) | |
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1099 |
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1100 35: How do I control Emacs's case-sensitivity when searching/replacing? |
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1101 |
1736 | 1102 For searching, the value of the variable case-fold-search determines |
1103 whether they are case sensitive: | |
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1104 |
1736 | 1105 (setq case-fold-search nil) ; make searches case sensitive |
1106 (setq case-fold-search t) ; make searches case insensitive | |
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1107 |
24074 | 1108 To change this or similar variables during an Emacs session, use |
1109 M-x set-variable. | |
1110 | |
1111 Similarly, for replacing, the variable case-replace determines whether | |
1736 | 1112 replacements preserve case. |
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1113 |
1736 | 1114 To change the case sensitivity just for one major mode, use the major |
1115 mode's hook. For example: | |
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1116 |
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1117 (add-hook 'XXX-mode-hook |
24074 | 1118 (lambda () |
1119 (setq case-fold-search nil))) | |
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1120 |
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1121 36: How do I make Emacs wrap words for me? |
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1122 |
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1123 Use auto-fill mode, activated by typing "M-x auto-fill-mode". The |
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1124 default maximum line width is 70, determined by the variable fill-column. |
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1125 To learn how to turn this on automatically, see question 31. |
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1126 |
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1127 37: Where can I get a better spelling checker for Emacs? |
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1128 |
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1129 Use Ispell. See question 110. |
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1130 |
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1131 38: How can I spell-check TeX or *roff documents? |
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1132 |
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1133 Use Ispell. See question 110. Ispell can handle TeX and *roff |
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1134 documents. |
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1135 |
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1136 39: How do I change load-path? |
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1137 |
1736 | 1138 In general, you should only *add* to the load-path. You can add |
1139 directory /XXX/YYY to the load path like this: | |
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1140 |
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1141 (setq load-path (cons "/XXX/YYY/" load-path)) |
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1142 |
1736 | 1143 To do this relative to your home directory: |
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1144 |
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1145 (setq load-path (cons "~/YYY/" load-path) |
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1146 |
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1147 40: How do I use an already running Emacs from another window? |
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1148 |
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1149 Emacsclient, which comes with Emacs, is for editing a file using an |
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1150 already running Emacs rather than starting up a new Emacs. It does this |
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1151 by sending a request to the already running Emacs, which must be |
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1152 expecting the request. |
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1153 |
1736 | 1154 * Setup |
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1155 |
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1156 Emacs must have executed the "server-start" function for emacsclient to |
1736 | 1157 work. This can be done either by a command line option: |
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1158 |
1736 | 1159 emacs -f server-start |
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1160 |
1736 | 1161 or by invoking server-start from the .emacs file: |
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1162 |
1736 | 1163 (if (some conditions are met) (server-start)) |
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1164 |
1736 | 1165 When this is done, Emacs starts a subprocess running a program called |
23872
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1166 "server". "server" creates a Unix domain socket in the user's home |
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1167 directory named .emacs_server. |
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1168 |
1736 | 1169 To get your news reader, mail reader, etc., to invoke emacsclient, try |
1170 setting the environment variable EDITOR (or sometimes VISUAL) to the | |
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1171 value "emacsclient". You may have to specify the full pathname of the |
1736 | 1172 emacsclient program instead. Examples: |
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1173 |
1736 | 1174 # csh commands: |
1175 setenv EDITOR emacsclient | |
1176 setenv EDITOR /usr/local/emacs/etc/emacsclient # using full pathname | |
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1177 |
1736 | 1178 # sh command: |
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1179 EDITOR=emacsclient ; export EDITOR |
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1180 |
1736 | 1181 * Normal use |
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1182 |
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1183 When emacsclient is run, it connects to the ".emacs_server" socket and |
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1184 passes its command line options to "server". When "server" receives |
1736 | 1185 these requests, it sends this information on the the Emacs process, |
1186 which at the next opportunity will visit the files specified. (Line | |
1187 numbers can be specified just like with Emacs.) The user will have to | |
1188 switch to the Emacs window by hand. When the user is done editing a | |
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1189 file, the user can type "C-x #" (or M-x server-edit) to indicate this. |
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1190 If there is another buffer requested by emacsclient, Emacs will switch |
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1191 to it; otherwise emacsclient will exit, signaling the calling program |
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1192 to continue. |
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1193 |
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1194 NOTE: "emacsclient" and "server" must be running on machines which |
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1195 share the same filesystem for this to work. The pathnames that |
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1196 emacsclient specifies should be correct for the filesystem that the |
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1197 Emacs process sees. The Emacs process should not be suspended at the |
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1198 time emacsclient is invoked. emacsclient should either be invoked from |
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1199 another X window or from a shell window inside Emacs itself. |
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1200 |
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1201 There is an enhanced version of emacsclient/server called "gnuserv" by |
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1202 Andy Norman <ange@hplb.hpl.hp.com> which is available in the Emacs Lisp |
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1203 Archive (see question 90). Gnuserv uses Internet domain sockets, so it |
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1204 can work across most network connections. It also supports the |
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1205 execution of arbitrary Emacs Lisp forms and does not require the client |
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1206 program to wait for completion. |
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1207 |
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1208 The alpha version of an enhanced version of gnuserv is available at |
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1209 |
24074 | 1210 ftp://ftp.splode.com/pub/users/friedman/packages/fgnuserv-1.0.tar.gz |
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1211 |
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1212 41: How do I make Emacs recognize my compiler's funny error messages? |
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1213 |
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1214 The variable compilation-error-regexp-alist helps control how Emacs |
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1215 parses your compiler output. It is a list of triples of the form: |
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1216 |
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1217 (REGEXP FILE-IDX LINE-IDX) |
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1218 |
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1219 where REGEXP, FILE-IDX and LINE-IDX are strings. To help determine what |
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1220 the constituent elements should be, load compile.el and then use |
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1221 |
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1222 C-h v compilation-error-regexp-alist RET |
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1223 |
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1224 to see the current value. A good idea is to look at compile.el itself as |
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1225 the comments included for this variable are quite useful -- the regular |
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1226 expressions required for your compiler's output may be very close to one |
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1227 already provided. Once you have determined the proper regexps, use the |
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1228 following to inform Emacs of your changes: |
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1229 |
24074 | 1230 (add-to-list 'compilation-error-regexp-alist |
1231 '(REGEXP FILE-IDX LINE-IDX)) | |
1232 | |
1233 42: How do I indent C switch statements like this? | |
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1234 |
1736 | 1235 Many people want to indent their switch statements like this: |
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1236 |
1736 | 1237 f() |
1238 { | |
1239 switch(x) { | |
1240 case A: | |
1241 x1; | |
1242 break; | |
1243 case B: | |
1244 x2; | |
1245 break; | |
1246 default: | |
1247 x3; | |
1248 } | |
1249 } | |
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1250 |
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1251 The solution at first appears to be: set c-indent-level to 4 and |
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1252 c-label-offset to -2. However, this will give you an indentation spacing |
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|
1253 of four instead of two. |
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|
1254 |
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1255 The solution is to use cc-mode (the default mode for C programming in |
546acc9b5282
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1256 Emacs 20) and add the following line: |
11822
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|
1257 |
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|
1258 (c-set-offset 'case-label '+) |
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|
1259 |
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1260 There appears to be no way to do this with the old c-mode. |
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1261 |
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1262 43: How can I make Emacs automatically scroll horizontally? |
546acc9b5282
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|
1263 |
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1264 Use hscroll-mode, included in Emacs 20. Here is some information from |
546acc9b5282
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1265 the documentation, available by typing C-h f hscroll-mode RET: |
546acc9b5282
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|
1266 |
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1267 Automatically scroll horizontally when the point moves off the |
546acc9b5282
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|
1268 left or right edge of the window. |
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|
1269 |
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1270 - Type "M-x hscroll-mode" to enable it in the current buffer. |
546acc9b5282
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1271 - Type "M-x hscroll-global-mode" to enable it in every buffer. |
546acc9b5282
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1272 - "turn-on-hscroll" is useful in mode hooks as in: |
546acc9b5282
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1273 (add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-hscroll) |
546acc9b5282
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|
1274 |
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1275 - hscroll-margin controls how close the cursor can get to the edge |
546acc9b5282
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1276 of the window. |
546acc9b5282
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1277 - hscroll-step-percent controls how far to jump once we decide to do so. |
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1278 |
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1279 44: How do I make Emacs "typeover" or "overwrite" instead of inserting? |
546acc9b5282
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|
1280 |
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1281 M-x overwrite-mode (a minor mode). This toggles overwrite-mode on and |
546acc9b5282
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1282 off, so exiting from overwrite-mode is as easy as another M-x |
546acc9b5282
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1283 overwrite-mode. |
546acc9b5282
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|
1284 |
24074 | 1285 On some systems the "Insert" key toggles overwrite-mode on and off. |
23872
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|
1286 |
546acc9b5282
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1287 45: How do I stop Emacs from beeping on a terminal? |
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|
1288 |
1736 | 1289 Martin R. Frank <martin@cc.gatech.edu> writes: |
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|
1290 |
23872
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1291 Tell Emacs to use the "visible bell" instead of the audible bell, and |
1736 | 1292 set the visible bell to nothing. |
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|
1293 |
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1294 That is, put the following in your TERMCAP environment variable |
546acc9b5282
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|
1295 (assuming you have one): |
546acc9b5282
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|
1296 |
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|
1297 ... :vb=: ... |
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|
1298 |
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1299 And evaluate the following Lisp form: |
11822
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|
1300 |
1736 | 1301 (setq visible-bell t) |
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|
1302 |
24074 | 1303 There is also a way to turn off _all_ effects of a bell, by defining |
1304 a custom `ring-bell-function' that does nothing. | |
1305 | |
23872
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1306 46: How do I turn down the bell volume in Emacs running under X Windows? |
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|
1307 |
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|
1308 You can adjust the bell volume and duration for all programs with the |
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|
1309 shell command xset. |
23872
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|
1310 |
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1311 Invoking xset without any arguments produces some basic information, |
b097ca448b38
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1312 including the following: |
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|
1313 |
23872
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1314 usage: xset [-display host:dpy] option ... |
546acc9b5282
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|
1315 To turn bell off: |
546acc9b5282
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|
1316 -b b off b 0 |
546acc9b5282
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|
1317 To set bell volume, pitch and duration: |
546acc9b5282
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1318 b [vol [pitch [dur]]] b on |
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1319 |
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1320 47: How do I tell Emacs to automatically indent a new line to the |
11822
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|
1321 indentation of the previous line? |
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|
1322 |
24074 | 1323 Such behavior is automatic in text mode in Emacs 20. From the NEWS file |
1324 for Emacs 20.2: | |
23872
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1325 |
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1326 ** In Text mode, now only blank lines separate paragraphs. This makes |
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1327 it possible to get the full benefit of Adaptive Fill mode in Text mode, |
546acc9b5282
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|
1328 and other modes derived from it (such as Mail mode). TAB in Text mode |
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1329 now runs the command indent-relative; this makes a practical difference |
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|
1330 only when you use indented paragraphs. |
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|
1331 |
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1332 As a result, the old Indented Text mode is now identical to Text mode, |
546acc9b5282
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|
1333 and is an alias for it. |
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1334 |
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1335 If you want spaces at the beginning of a line to start a paragraph, use |
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1336 the new mode, Paragraph Indent Text mode. |
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1337 |
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1338 If you have auto-fill mode on (see question 31), you can tell Emacs to |
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|
1339 prefix every line with a certain character sequence, the "fill prefix." |
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1340 Type the prefix at the beginning of a line, position point after it, and |
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|
1341 then type "C-x ." (set-fill-prefix) to set the fill prefix. Thereafter, |
546acc9b5282
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1342 auto-filling will automatically put the fill prefix at the beginning of |
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|
1343 new lines, and M-q (fill-paragraph) will maintain any fill prefix when |
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|
1344 refilling the paragraph. |
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1345 |
1736 | 1346 NOTE: If you have paragraphs with different levels of indentation, you |
1347 will have to set the fill prefix to the correct value each time you move | |
1348 to a new paragraph. To avoid this hassle, try one of the many packages | |
23872
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1349 available from the Emacs Lisp Archive (see question 90.) Look up "fill" |
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1350 and "indent" in the Lisp Code Directory for guidance. |
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|
1351 |
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1352 48: How do I show which parenthesis matches the one I'm looking at? |
546acc9b5282
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|
1353 |
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1354 As of version 19, Emacs comes with paren.el, which (when loaded) will |
546acc9b5282
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|
1355 automatically highlight matching parentheses whenever point (i.e., the |
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|
1356 cursor) is located over one. To load paren automatically, include the |
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|
1357 line |
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1358 |
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|
1359 (require 'paren) |
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1360 |
24074 | 1361 in your .emacs file. As of version 20.1, you must instead call |
1362 show-paren-mode in your .emacs file: | |
23872
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1363 |
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1364 (show-paren-mode 1) |
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1365 |
24074 | 1366 and the "require" is redundant. |
1367 | |
23872
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1368 The "customize" facility will let you turn on show-paren-mode. Use M-x |
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1369 customize-group RET paren-showing RET. From within customize, you can |
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1370 also go directly to the "paren-showing" group. |
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1371 |
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|
1372 Alternatives to paren include: |
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|
1373 |
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|
1374 * If you're looking at a right parenthesis (or brace or bracket) you can |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
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|
1375 delete it and reinsert it. Emacs will blink the cursor on the matching |
b097ca448b38
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|
1376 parenthesis. |
b097ca448b38
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|
1377 |
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|
1378 * M-C-f (forward-sexp) and M-C-b (backward-sexp) will skip over one set |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
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|
1379 of balanced parentheses, so you can see which parentheses match. (You |
b097ca448b38
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|
1380 can train it to skip over balanced brackets and braces at the same time |
b097ca448b38
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|
1381 by modifying the syntax table.) |
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|
1382 |
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|
1383 * Here is some Emacs Lisp that will make the % key show the matching |
b097ca448b38
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|
1384 parenthesis, like in vi. In addition, if the cursor isn't over a |
24074 | 1385 parenthesis, it simply inserts a % like normal. (`Parenthesis' actually |
1386 includes and character with `open' or `close' syntax, which usually means | |
1387 "()[]{}".) | |
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|
1388 |
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|
1389 ;; By an unknown contributor |
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|
1390 |
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|
1391 (global-set-key "%" 'match-paren) |
b097ca448b38
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|
1392 |
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1393 (defun match-paren (arg) |
b097ca448b38
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1394 "Go to the matching parenthesis if on parenthesis otherwise insert %." |
b097ca448b38
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|
1395 (interactive "p") |
b097ca448b38
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|
1396 (cond ((looking-at "\\s\(") (forward-list 1) (backward-char 1)) |
b097ca448b38
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|
1397 ((looking-at "\\s\)") (forward-char 1) (backward-list 1)) |
b097ca448b38
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|
1398 (t (self-insert-command (or arg 1))))) |
b097ca448b38
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|
1399 |
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1400 49: In C mode, can I show just the lines that will be left after #ifdef |
11822
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New version for Emacs 19.
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|
1401 commands are handled by the compiler? |
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|
1402 |
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1403 M-x hide-ifdef-mode. (This is a minor mode.) You might also want to try |
546acc9b5282
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1404 cpp.el, available at the Emacs Lisp Archive (see question 90). |
546acc9b5282
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1405 |
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1406 50: Is there an equivalent to the `.' (dot) command of vi? |
11822
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New version for Emacs 19.
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1407 |
1736 | 1408 (`.' is the redo command in vi. It redoes the last insertion/deletion.) |
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|
1409 |
24074 | 1410 In Emacs 20.3 and later, use the C-x z ("repeat") command to repeat `simple |
1411 commands'. | |
1412 | |
1413 Otherwise you can type "C-x ESC ESC" (repeat-complex-command) to reinvoke | |
1414 commands that used the minibuffer to get arguments. In | |
1415 repeat-complex-command you can type M-p and M-n to scan through all the | |
1416 different complex commands you've typed. | |
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1417 |
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1418 To repeat a set of commands, use keyboard macros. (See "Keyboard Macros" |
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1419 in the on-line manual.) |
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1420 |
24074 | 1421 VIPER, which comes with Emacs, emulates vi, including `.'. (See question |
1422 107.) | |
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1423 |
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1424 51: What are the valid X resource settings (i.e., stuff in .Xdefaults)? |
546acc9b5282
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1425 |
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1426 See Emacs man page, or "Resources X" in the on-line manual. |
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1427 |
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|
1428 You can also use a resource editor, such as editres (for X11R5 and |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1429 onwards), to look at the resource names for the menu bar, assuming Emacs |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
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|
1430 was compiled with the X toolkit. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
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|
1431 |
23872
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1432 52: How do I execute ("evaluate") a piece of Emacs Lisp code? |
546acc9b5282
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1433 |
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1434 There are a number of ways to execute ("evaluate," in Lisp lingo) an |
546acc9b5282
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1435 Emacs Lisp "form": |
11822
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New version for Emacs 19.
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1436 |
1736 | 1437 * If you want it evaluated every time you run Emacs, put it in a file |
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1438 named ".emacs" in your home directory. This is known as your ".emacs |
546acc9b5282
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1439 file," and contains all of your personal customizations. |
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1440 |
1736 | 1441 * You can type the form in the *scratch* buffer, and then type LFD (or |
1442 C-j) after it. The result of evaluating the form will be inserted in | |
1443 the buffer. | |
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New version for Emacs 19.
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|
1444 |
1736 | 1445 * In Emacs-Lisp mode, typing M-C-x evaluates a top-level form before or |
1446 around point. | |
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New version for Emacs 19.
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1447 |
1736 | 1448 * Typing "C-x C-e" in any buffer evaluates the Lisp form immediately |
1449 before point and prints its value in the echo area. | |
11822
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New version for Emacs 19.
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|
1450 |
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1451 * Typing M-: or M-x eval-expression allows you to type a Lisp form |
546acc9b5282
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1452 in the minibuffer which will be evaluated. |
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New version for Emacs 19.
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|
1453 |
1736 | 1454 * You can use M-x load-file to have Emacs evaluate all the Lisp forms in |
23872
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1455 a file. (To do this from Lisp use the function "load" instead.) |
546acc9b5282
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1456 |
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1457 These functions are also useful (see question 16 if you want to learn |
546acc9b5282
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1458 more about them): |
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1459 |
1736 | 1460 load-library, eval-region, eval-current-buffer, require, autoload |
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1461 |
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1462 53: How do I change Emacs's idea of the tab character's length? |
11822
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New version for Emacs 19.
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|
1463 |
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|
1464 Set the variable default-tab-width. For example, to set tab stops every |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1465 10 characters, insert the following in your .emacs file: |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
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|
1466 |
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|
1467 (setq default-tab-width 10) |
b097ca448b38
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|
1468 |
23872
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1469 Do not confuse variable tab-width with variable tab-stop-list. The |
546acc9b5282
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1470 former is used for the display of literal tab characters. The latter |
546acc9b5282
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1471 controls what characters are inserted when you press the TAB character in |
546acc9b5282
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|
1472 certain modes. |
546acc9b5282
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|
1473 |
546acc9b5282
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1474 54: How do I insert `>' at the beginning of every line? |
546acc9b5282
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|
1475 |
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1476 To do this to an entire buffer, type "M-< M-x replace-regexp RET ^ RET > |
546acc9b5282
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1477 RET". |
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|
1478 |
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1479 To do this to a region, use "string-rectangle" ("C-x r t"). Set the mark |
546acc9b5282
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1480 (`C-SPC') at the beginning of the first line you want to prefix, move the |
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1481 cursor to last line to be prefixed, and type "C-x r t > RET". To do this |
24074 | 1482 for the whole buffer, type "C-x h C-x r t > RET". In Emacs 20.3 and |
1483 later, this will affect only the current region if Transient Mark mode is | |
1484 on (see NEWS via C-h N). | |
23872
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1485 |
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1486 If you are trying to prefix a yanked mail message with '>', you might |
24073 | 1487 want to set the variable mail-yank-prefix. Better yet, get the Supercite |
23872
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1488 package (see question 105), which provides flexible citation for yanked |
546acc9b5282
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|
1489 mail and news messages. |
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|
1490 |
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|
1491 55: How do I insert "_^H" before each character in a region to get an |
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New version for Emacs 19.
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|
1492 underlined paragraph? |
b097ca448b38
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|
1493 |
1736 | 1494 M-x underline-region. |
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|
1495 |
23872
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1496 56: How do I repeat a command as many times as possible? |
11822
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|
1497 |
1736 | 1498 Use "C-x (" and "C-x )" to make a keyboard macro that invokes the command |
1499 and then type "M-0 C-x e". | |
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|
1500 |
1736 | 1501 WARNING: any messages your command prints in the echo area will be |
1502 suppressed. | |
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|
1503 |
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1504 57: How do I make Emacs behave like this: when I go up or down, the cursor |
11822
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New version for Emacs 19.
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|
1505 should stay in the same column even if the line is too short? |
b097ca448b38
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|
1506 |
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1507 M-x picture-mode. |
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|
1508 |
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1509 58: How do I tell Emacs to iconify itself? |
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1510 |
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1511 "C-z" iconifies Emacs when running under X Windows and suspends Emacs |
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1512 otherwise. See "Misc X" in the on-line manual. |
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1513 |
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1514 59: How do I use regexps (regular expressions) in Emacs? |
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1515 |
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1516 See "Regexps" in the on-line manual. |
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1517 |
1736 | 1518 WARNING: The "or" operator is `\|', not `|', and the grouping operators |
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1519 are `\(' and `\)'. Also, the string syntax for a backslash is `\\'. To |
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1520 specify a regular expression like xxx\(foo\|bar\) in a Lisp string, use |
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1521 |
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1522 "xxx\\(foo\\|bar\\)" |
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1523 |
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1524 Notice the doubled backslashes! |
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1525 |
1736 | 1526 WARNING: Unlike in Unix grep, sed, etc., a complement character set |
1527 ([^...]) can match a newline character (LFD aka C-j aka \n), unless | |
1528 newline is mentioned as one of the characters not to match. | |
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1529 |
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1530 WARNING: The character syntax regexps (e.g., "\sw") are not meaningful |
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1531 inside character set regexps (e.g., "[aeiou]"). (This is actually |
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|
1532 typical for regexp syntax.) |
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|
1533 |
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1534 60: How do I perform a replace operation across more than one file? |
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|
1535 |
1736 | 1536 The "tags" feature of Emacs includes the command tags-query-replace which |
1537 performs a query-replace across all the files mentioned in the TAGS file. | |
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1538 See "Tags Search" in the on-line manual. |
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1539 |
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1540 As of Emacs 19.29, Dired mode ("M-x dired RET", or C-x d) supports the |
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1541 command dired-do-query-replace, which allows users to replace regular |
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1542 expressions in multiple files. |
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1543 |
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1544 61: Where is the documentation for "etags"? |
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1545 |
24074 | 1546 "etags" is documented in the Tags node of the Emacs manual. The "etags" |
1547 man page should be in the same place as the "emacs" man page. | |
11822
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1548 |
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1549 Quick command-line switch descriptions are also available. For example, |
23872
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1550 "etags -H". |
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1551 |
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1552 62: How do I disable backup files? |
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1553 |
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1554 You probably don't want to do this, since backups are useful. |
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1555 |
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1556 To avoid seeing backup files (and other "uninteresting" files) in Dired, |
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1557 load dired-x by adding the following to your .emacs file: |
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1558 |
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1559 (add-hook 'dired-load-hook |
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1560 (function (lambda () |
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1561 (load "dired-x")))) |
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1562 |
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1563 With dired-x loaded, `M-o' toggles omitting in each dired buffer. You |
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1564 can make omitting the default for new dired buffers by putting the |
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1565 following in your .emacs: |
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1566 |
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1567 (setq initial-dired-omit-files-p t) |
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1568 |
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1569 If you're tired of seeing backup files whenever you do an "ls" at the |
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1570 Unix shell, try GNU ls with the "-B" option. GNU ls is part of the GNU |
24074 | 1571 fileutils package, available at mirrors of gnudist.gnu.org (see question 92). |
23872
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1572 |
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1573 To disable or change how backups are made, see "Backup Names" in the |
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1574 on-line manual. |
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1575 |
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1576 63: How do I disable auto-save-mode? |
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1577 |
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1578 You probably don't want to do this, since auto-saving is useful, |
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1579 especially when Emacs or your computer crashes while you are editing a |
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1580 document. |
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1581 |
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1582 Instead, you might want to change the variable auto-save-interval, which |
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1583 specifies how many keystrokes Emacs waits before auto-saving. Increasing |
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1584 this value forces Emacs to wait longer between auto-saves, which might |
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1585 annoy you less. |
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1586 |
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1587 You might also want to look into Sebastian Kremer's auto-save package, |
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1588 available from the Lisp Code Archive (see question 90). This package |
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1589 also allows you to place all auto-save files in one directory, such as |
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1590 /tmp. |
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1591 |
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1592 To disable or change how auto-save-mode works, see "Auto Save" in the |
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1593 on-line manual. |
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1594 |
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1595 64: How can I create or modify new pull-down menu options? |
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1596 |
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1597 Each menu title (e.g., Buffers, File, Edit) represents a local or global |
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1598 keymap. Selecting a menu title with the mouse displays that keymap's |
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1599 non-nil contents in the form of a menu. |
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1600 |
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1601 So to add a menu option to an existing menu, all you have to do is add a |
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1602 new definition to the appropriate keymap. Adding a "forward word" |
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1603 command to the "Edit" menu thus requires the following Lisp code: |
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1604 |
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1605 (define-key global-map |
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1606 [menu-bar edit forward] |
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1607 '("Forward word" . forward-word)) |
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1608 |
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1609 The first line adds the entry to the global keymap, which includes global |
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1610 menu bar entries. Replacing the reference to "global-map" with a local |
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1611 keymap would add this menu option only within a particular mode. |
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1612 |
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1613 The second line describes the path from the menu-bar to the new entry. |
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1614 Placing this menu entry underneath the "File" menu would mean changing |
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1615 the word "edit" in the second line to "file." |
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1616 |
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1617 The third line is a cons cell whose first element is the title that will |
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1618 be displayed, and whose second element is the function that will be |
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1619 called when that menu option is invoked. |
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1620 |
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1621 To add a new menu, rather than a new option to an existing menu, we must |
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1622 define an entirely new keymap: |
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1623 |
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1624 (define-key global-map [menu-bar words] |
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1625 (cons "Words" (make-sparse-keymap "Words"))) |
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1626 |
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1627 The above code creates a new sparse keymap, gives it the name "Words", |
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1628 and attaches it to the global menu bar. Adding the "forward word" |
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1629 command to this new menu would thus require the following code: |
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1630 |
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1631 (define-key global-map |
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1632 [menu-bar words forward] |
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1633 '("Forward word" . forward-word)) |
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1634 |
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1635 Note that because of the way keymaps work, menu options are displayed |
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1636 with the more recently defined items at the top. Thus if you were to |
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1637 define menu options "foo", "bar", and "baz" (in that order), menu option |
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1638 "baz" would appear at the top, and "foo" would be at the bottom. |
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1639 |
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1640 One way to avoid this problem is to use the function define-key-after, |
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1641 which works the same as define-key, but lets you modify where items |
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1642 appear. The following Lisp code would insert the "forward word" function |
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1643 in the "edit" menu immediately following the "undo" option: |
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1644 |
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1645 (define-key-after |
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1646 (lookup-key global-map [menu-bar edit]) |
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1647 [forward] |
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1648 '("Forward word" . forward-word) |
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1649 'undo) |
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1650 |
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1651 Note how the second and third arguments to define-key-after are different |
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1652 from those of define-key, and that we have added a new (final) argument, |
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1653 the function after which our new key should be defined. |
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1654 |
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1655 To move a menu option from one position to another, simply evaluate |
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1656 define-key-after with the appropriate final argument. |
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1657 |
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1658 More detailed information -- and more examples of how to create and |
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1659 modify menu options -- are in the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual, under |
24074 | 1660 "Menu Keymaps." (See question 16 for information on this manual.) |
1661 | |
1662 Note that Emacs 20.3 introduced a better (`extended') format for menu | |
1663 items, described in the NEWS file and the Lisp Manual. The "easymenu" | |
1664 package provides support for defining menus conveniently with some | |
1665 portability amongst Emacs versions. | |
23872
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1666 |
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1667 65: How do I delete menus and menu options? |
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1668 |
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1669 The simplest way to remove a menu is to set its keymap to nil. For |
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1670 example, to delete the "Words" menu (from question 64), use: |
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1671 |
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1672 (define-key global-map [menu-bar words] nil) |
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1673 |
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1674 Similarly, removing a menu option requires redefining a keymap entry to |
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1675 nil. For example, to delete the "Forward word" menu option from the |
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1676 "Edit" menu (we added it in question 64), use: |
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1677 |
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1678 (define-key global-map [menu-bar edit forward] nil) |
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1679 |
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1680 66: How do I turn on syntax highlighting? |
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1681 |
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1682 Font-lock mode is the standard way to have Emacs perform syntax |
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1683 highlighting. With font-lock mode invoked, different types of text will |
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1684 appear in different colors. For instance, if you turn on font-lock in a |
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1685 programming mode, variables will appear in one face, keywords in a |
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1686 second, and comments in a third. |
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1687 |
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1688 Earlier versions of Emacs supported hilit19, a similar package. Use of |
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1689 hilit19 is now considered non-standard, although hilit19.el comes with |
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1690 the stock Emacs distribution. It is no longer maintained. |
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1691 |
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1692 To turn font-lock mode on within an existing buffer, use "M-x |
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1693 font-lock-mode RET". |
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1694 |
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1695 To automatically invoke font-lock mode when a particular major mode is |
24074 | 1696 invoked, set the major mode's hook or define font-lock-global-modes as a |
1697 list with the mode name as an element. For example, to fontify all | |
1698 c-mode buffers, add the following to your .emacs file: | |
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1699 |
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1700 (add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock) |
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1701 |
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1702 To automatically invoke font-lock mode for all major modes, you can turn |
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1703 on global-font-lock mode by including the following line in your .emacs |
24074 | 1704 file (or use Custom): |
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1705 |
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1706 (global-font-lock-mode 1) |
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1707 |
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1708 This instructs Emacs to turn on font-lock mode in those buffers for which |
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1709 a font-lock mode definition has been provided (in the variable |
24074 | 1710 font-lock-global-modes or via the variable font-lock-defaults-alist). If |
1711 you edit a file in pie-ala-mode, and no font-lock definitions have been | |
1712 provided for pie-ala files, then the above setting will have no effect on | |
1713 that particular buffer. | |
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1714 |
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1715 Highlighting with font-lock mode can take quite a while, and thus |
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1716 different levels of decoration are available, from slight to gaudy. To |
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1717 control how decorated your buffers should become, set the value of |
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1718 font-lock-maximum-decoration in your .emacs file, with a nil value |
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1719 indicating default (usually minimum) decoration, and a t value indicating |
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1720 the maximum decoration. For the gaudiest possible look, then, include |
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1721 the line |
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1722 |
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1723 (setq font-lock-maximum-decoration t) |
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1724 |
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1725 in your .emacs file. You can also set this variable such that different |
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1726 modes are highlighted in a different ways; for more information, see the |
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1727 documentation for font-lock-maximum-decoration with "C-h v" (or "M-x |
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1728 describe-variable RET"). |
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1729 |
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1730 You might also want to investigate fast-lock-mode and lazy-lock-mode, |
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1731 versions of font-lock-mode that speed up highlighting. The advantage of |
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1732 lazy-lock-mode is that it only fontifies buffers when certain conditions |
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1733 are met, such as after a certain amount of idle time, or after you have |
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1734 finished scrolling through text. See the documentation for |
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1735 lazy-lock-mode by typing C-h f lazy-lock-mode ("M-x describe-function RET |
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1736 lazy-lock-mode RET"). |
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1737 |
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1738 Also see the documentation for the function font-lock-mode, available by |
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1739 typing C-h f font-lock-mode ("M-x describe-function RET font-lock-mode |
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1740 RET"). |
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1741 |
24074 | 1742 For more information on font-lock mode, particularly adding new patterns, |
1743 see the Lisp Reference Manual and the commentary in the source | |
1744 font-lock.el, which you can find in Emacs 20 (if it is installed) using, | |
1745 say, M-x find-function font-lock-mode. | |
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1746 |
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1747 To print buffers with the faces (i.e., colors and fonts) intact, use |
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1748 "M-x ps-print-buffer-with-faces" or "M-x ps-print-region-with-faces". |
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1749 |
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1750 67: How can I force Emacs to scroll only one line when I move past the |
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1751 bottom of the screen? |
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1752 |
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1753 Place the following Lisp form in your .emacs file: |
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1754 |
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1755 (setq scroll-step 1) |
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1756 |
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1757 Also see "Scrolling" in the on-line manual. |
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1758 |
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1759 68: How can I replace highlighted text with what I type? |
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1760 |
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1761 Use delete-selection mode, which you can start automatically by placing |
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1762 the following Lisp form in your .emacs file: |
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1763 |
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1764 (delete-selection-mode t) |
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1765 |
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1766 According to the documentation string for delete-selection mode (which |
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1767 you can read using M-x describe-function RET delete-selection-mode RET): |
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1768 |
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1769 When ON, typed text replaces the selection if the selection is active. |
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1770 When OFF, typed text is just inserted at point. |
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1771 |
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1772 This mode also allows you to delete (not kill) the highlighted region by |
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1773 pressing DEL. |
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1774 |
24074 | 1775 69: How can I edit MS-DOS-style text files using Emacs? |
23872
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1776 |
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1777 As of Emacs 20, detection and handling of MS-DOS (and Windows) files is |
24074 | 1778 performed transparently. You can open an MS-DOS file on a Unix system |
1779 (and vice versa), edit it, and save it without having to worry about the | |
1780 file format. To save it with a different end-of-line convention use | |
1781 C-x RET c to specify a new coding system such as undecided-unix. | |
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1782 |
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1783 When editing an MS-DOS style file, a backslash (\) will appear in the |
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1784 mode line. |
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1785 |
24074 | 1786 You can avoid translation of the end-of-line conventions either by |
1787 visiting a file using M-x find-file-literally or by setting the variable | |
1788 inhibit-eol-conversion to t. | |
1789 | |
1790 If you are running an earlier version of Emacs, get crypt++ from | |
1791 ftp://ftp.cs.umb.edu/pub/misc/crypt++.el. Among other things, crypt++ | |
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1792 transparently modifies MS-DOS files as they are loaded and saved, |
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1793 allowing you to ignore the different conventions that Unix and MS-DOS |
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1794 have for delineating the end of a line. |
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1795 |
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1796 70: How can I tell Emacs to fill paragraphs with a single space after |
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1797 each period? |
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1798 |
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1799 Ulrich Mueller <ulm@vsnhd1.cern.ch> suggests adding the following two |
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1800 lines to your .emacs file: |
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1801 |
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1802 (setq sentence-end "[.?!][]\"')}]*\\($\\|[ \t]\\)[ \t\n]*") |
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1803 (setq sentence-end-double-space nil) |
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1804 |
24074 | 1805 See "Sentences" in the online manual. |
1806 | |
1736 | 1807 |
1808 Bugs/Problems | |
1809 | |
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1810 71: Does Emacs have problems with files larger than 8 megabytes? |
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1811 |
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1812 Old versions (i.e., anything before 19.29) of Emacs had problems editing |
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1813 files larger than 8 megabytes. As of version 19.29, the maximum buffer |
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1814 size is at least 2^27-1, or 134,217,727 bytes. |
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1815 |
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1816 If you are using an older version of Emacs and cannot upgrade, you will |
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1817 have to recompile. Leonard N. Zubkoff <lnz@lucid.com> suggests putting |
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1818 the following two lines in src/config.h before compiling Emacs to allow |
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1819 for 26-bit integers and pointers (and thus file sizes of up to 33,554,431 |
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1820 bytes): |
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1821 |
1736 | 1822 #define VALBITS 26 |
1823 #define GCTYPEBITS 5 | |
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1824 |
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1825 WARNING: This method may result in "ILLEGAL DATATYPE" and other random |
1736 | 1826 errors on some machines. |
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1827 |
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1828 David Gillespie <daveg@csvax.cs.caltech.edu> explains how this problems |
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1829 crops up; while his numbers are true only for pre-19.29 versions of |
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1830 Emacs, the theory remains the same with current versions. |
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1831 |
1736 | 1832 Emacs is largely written in a dialect of Lisp; Lisp is a freely-typed |
1833 language in the sense that you can put any value of any type into any | |
1834 variable, or return it from a function, and so on. So each value must | |
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1835 carry a "tag" along with it identifying what kind of thing it is, e.g., |
1736 | 1836 integer, pointer to a list, pointer to an editing buffer, and so on. |
1837 Emacs uses standard 32-bit integers for data objects, taking the top 8 | |
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1838 bits for the tag and the bottom 24 bits for the value. So integers |
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1839 (and pointers) are somewhat restricted compared to true C integers and |
1736 | 1840 pointers. |
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1841 |
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1842 72: How do I get rid of ^M or echoed commands in my shell buffer? |
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1843 |
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1844 Try typing "M-x shell-strip-ctrl-m RET" while in shell-mode to make them |
24074 | 1845 go away. You might add this function to comint-output-filter-functions: |
1846 | |
1847 (add-hook 'comint-output-filter-functions 'shell-strip-ctrl-m) | |
1848 | |
1849 If that doesn't work, you have several options: | |
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1850 |
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1851 For tcsh, put this in your .cshrc (or .tcshrc) file: |
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1852 |
1736 | 1853 if ($?EMACS) then |
1854 if ("$EMACS" == t) then | |
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1855 if ($?tcsh) unset edit |
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1856 stty nl |
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1857 endif |
1736 | 1858 endif |
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1859 |
1736 | 1860 Or put this in your .emacs_tcsh file: |
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1861 |
1736 | 1862 unset edit |
1863 stty nl | |
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1864 |
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1865 Alternatively, use csh in your shell buffers instead of tcsh. One way |
1736 | 1866 is: |
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1867 |
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1868 (setq explicit-shell-file-name "/bin/csh") |
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1869 |
1736 | 1870 and another is to do this in your .cshrc (or .tcshrc) file: |
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1871 |
1736 | 1872 setenv ESHELL /bin/csh |
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1873 |
1736 | 1874 (You must start Emacs over again with the environment variable properly |
1875 set for this to take effect.) | |
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1876 |
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1877 You can also set the ESHELL environment variable in Emacs Lisp with |
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1878 the following Lisp form, |
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1879 |
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1880 (setenv "ESHELL" "/bin/csh") |
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1881 |
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1882 On a related note: If your shell is echoing your input line in the shell |
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1883 buffer, you might want to try the following command in your shell |
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1884 start-up file: |
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1885 |
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1886 stty -icrnl -onlcr -echo susp ^Z |
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1887 |
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1888 73: Why do I get "Process shell exited abnormally with code 1"? |
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1889 |
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1890 The most likely reason for this message is that the "env" program is not |
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1891 properly installed. Compile this program for your architecture, and |
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1892 install it with a+x permission in the architecture-dependent Emacs |
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1893 program directory. (You can find what this directory is at your site by |
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1894 inspecting the value of the variable exec-directory by typing "C-h v |
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1895 exec-directory RET".) |
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1896 |
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1897 You should also check for other programs named "env" in your path (e.g., |
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1898 SunOS has a program named /usr/bin/env). We don't understand why this |
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1899 can cause a failure and don't know a general solution for working around |
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1900 the problem in this case. |
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1901 |
1736 | 1902 It has been reported that this sometimes happened when Emacs was started |
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1903 as an X client from an xterm window (i.e., had a controlling tty) but the |
1736 | 1904 xterm was later terminated. |
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1905 |
24074 | 1906 See also etc/PROBLEMS for other possible causes of this message. |
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1907 |
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1908 74: Where is the termcap/terminfo entry for terminal type "emacs"? |
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1909 |
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1910 The termcap entry for terminal type "emacs" is ordinarily put in the |
1736 | 1911 TERMCAP environment variable of subshells. It may help in certain |
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1912 situations (e.g., using rlogin from shell buffer) to add an entry for |
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1913 "emacs" to the system-wide termcap file. Here is a correct termcap entry |
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1914 for "emacs": |
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1915 |
1736 | 1916 emacs:tc=unknown: |
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1917 |
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1918 To make a terminfo entry for "emacs", use "tic" or "captoinfo." You need |
1736 | 1919 to generate /usr/lib/terminfo/e/emacs. It may work to simply copy |
1920 /usr/lib/terminfo/d/dumb to /usr/lib/terminfo/e/emacs. | |
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1921 |
1736 | 1922 Having a termcap/terminfo entry will not enable the use of full screen |
1923 programs in shell buffers. Use M-x terminal-emulator for that instead. | |
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1924 |
1736 | 1925 A workaround to the problem of missing termcap/terminfo entries is to |
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1926 change terminal type "emacs" to type "dumb" or "unknown" in your shell |
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1927 start up file. "csh" users could put this in their .cshrc files: |
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1928 |
1736 | 1929 if ("$term" == emacs) set term=dumb |
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1930 |
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1931 75: Why does Emacs spontaneously start displaying "I-search:" and beeping? |
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1932 |
1736 | 1933 Your terminal (or something between your terminal and the computer) is |
1934 sending C-s and C-q for flow control, and Emacs is receiving these | |
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1935 characters and interpreting them as commands. (The C-s character |
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1936 normally invokes the isearch-forward command.) For possible solutions, |
24073 | 1937 see question 122. |
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1938 |
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1939 76: Why can't Emacs talk to certain hosts (or certain hostnames)? |
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1940 |
1736 | 1941 The problem may be that Emacs is linked with a wimpier version of |
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1942 gethostbyname than the rest of the programs on the machine. This is |
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1943 often manifested as a message on startup of "X server not responding. |
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1944 Check your DISPLAY environment variable." or a message of "Unknown host" |
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1945 from open-network-stream. |
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1946 |
1736 | 1947 On a Sun, this may be because Emacs had to be linked with the static C |
1948 library. The version of gethostbyname in the static C library may only | |
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1949 look in /etc/hosts and the NIS (YP) maps, while the version in the |
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1950 dynamic C library may be smart enough to check DNS in addition to or |
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1951 instead of NIS. On a Motorola Delta running System V R3.6, the version |
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1952 of gethostbyname in the standard library works, but the one that works |
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1953 with NIS doesn't (the one you get with -linet). Other operating systems |
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1954 have similar problems. |
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1955 |
1736 | 1956 Try these options: |
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1957 |
1736 | 1958 * Explicitly add the host you want to communicate with to /etc/hosts. |
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1959 |
1736 | 1960 * Relink Emacs with this line in src/config.h: |
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1961 |
1736 | 1962 #define LIBS_SYSTEM -lresolv |
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1963 |
1736 | 1964 * Replace gethostbyname and friends in libc.a with more useful versions |
1965 such as the ones in libresolv.a. Then relink Emacs. | |
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1966 |
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1967 * If you are actually running NIS, make sure that "ypbind" is properly |
1736 | 1968 told to do DNS lookups with the correct command line switch. |
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1969 |
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1970 77: Why does Emacs say "Error in init file"? |
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1971 |
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1972 An error occurred while loading either your .emacs file or the |
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1973 system-wide lisp/default.el file. For information on how to debug your |
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1974 .emacs file, see question 27. |
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1975 |
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1976 It may be the case that you need to load some package first, or use a |
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1977 hook that will be evaluated after the package is loaded. A common case |
24073 | 1978 of this is explained in question 118. |
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1979 |
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1980 78: Why does Emacs ignore my X resources (my .Xdefaults file)? |
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1981 |
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1982 As of version 19, Emacs searches for X resources in the files specified |
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1983 by the XFILESEARCHPATH, XUSERFILESEARCHPATH, and XAPPLRESDIR environment |
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New version for Emacs 19.
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1984 variables, emulating the functionality provided by programs written using |
b097ca448b38
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1985 Xt. |
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New version for Emacs 19.
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|
1986 |
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1987 XFILESEARCHPATH and XUSERFILESEARCHPATH should be a list of file names |
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1988 separated by colons; XAPPLRESDIR should be a list of directory names |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1989 separated by colons. |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1990 |
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|
1991 Emacs searches for X resources |
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|
1992 |
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1993 + specified on the command line, with the "-xrm RESOURCESTRING" |
11822
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1994 option, |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1995 + then in the value of the XENVIRONMENT environment variable, |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1996 - or if that is unset, in the file named ~/.Xdefaults-HOSTNAME if it |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1997 exists |
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1998 (where HOSTNAME is the hostname of the machine Emacs is running on), |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
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|
1999 + then in the screen-specific and server-wide resource properties |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
2000 provided by the server, |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
2001 - or if those properties are unset, in the file named ~/.Xdefaults |
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New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
2002 if it exists, |
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New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
2003 + then in the files listed in XUSERFILESEARCHPATH, |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2004 - or in files named LANG/Emacs in directories listed in XAPPLRESDIR |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
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changeset
|
2005 (where LANG is the value of the LANG environment variable), if |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2006 the LANG environment variable is set, |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2007 - or in files named Emacs in the directories listed in XAPPLRESDIR |
b097ca448b38
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
2008 - or in ~/LANG/Emacs (if the LANG environment variable is set), |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2009 - or in ~/Emacs, |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2010 + then in the files listed in XFILESEARCHPATH. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
2011 |
23872
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
2012 79: Why does Emacs take 20 seconds to visit a file? |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
2013 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
2014 Old versions of Emacs (i.e., versions before Emacs 20.x) often |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2015 encountered this when the master lock file, "!!!SuperLock!!!" has been |
1736 | 2016 left in the lock directory somehow. Delete it. |
11822
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New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
2017 |
1736 | 2018 Mark Meuer <meuer@geom.umn.edu> says that NeXT NFS has a bug where an |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2019 exclusive create succeeds but returns an error status. This can cause |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2020 the same problem. Since Emacs's file locking doesn't work over NFS |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2021 anyway, the best solution is to recompile Emacs with CLASH_DETECTION |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2022 undefined. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
2023 |
546acc9b5282
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|
2024 80: How do I edit a file with a `$' in its name? |
11822
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New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
2025 |
1736 | 2026 When entering a filename in the minibuffer, Emacs will attempt to expand |
2027 a `$' followed by a word as an environment variable. To suppress this | |
2028 behavior, type "$$" instead. | |
11822
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
2029 |
23872
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|
2030 81: Why does shell mode lose track of the shell's current directory? |
11822
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New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2031 |
b097ca448b38
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2032 Emacs has no way of knowing when the shell actually changes its |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2033 directory. This is an intrinsic limitation of Unix. So it tries to |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2034 guess by recognizing "cd" commands. If you type "cd" followed by a |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2035 directory name with a variable reference ("cd $HOME/bin") or with a shell |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2036 metacharacter ("cd ../lib*"), Emacs will fail to correctly guess the |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2037 shell's new current directory. A huge variety of fixes and enhancements |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2038 to shell mode for this problem have been written to handle this problem. |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
2039 Check the Lisp Code Directory (see question 89). |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2040 |
b097ca448b38
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2041 You can tell Emacs the shell's current directory with the command "M-x |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2042 dirs". |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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8958
diff
changeset
|
2043 |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
2044 82: Are there any security risks in Emacs? |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2045 |
546acc9b5282
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|
2046 * the "movemail" incident (No, this is not a risk.) |
11822
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New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2047 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2048 In his book "The Cuckoo's Egg," Cliff Stoll describes this in chapter |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2049 4. The site at LBL had installed the "etc/movemail" program setuid |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2050 root. (As of version 19, movemail is in your architecture-specific |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2051 directory; type "C-h v exec-directory RET" to see what it is.) Since |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2052 "movemail" had not been designed for this situation, a security hole |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2053 was created and users could get root privileges. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2054 |
23872
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
2055 "movemail" has since been changed so that this security hole will not |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2056 exist, even if it is installed setuid root. However, movemail no |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2057 longer needs to be installed setuid root, which should eliminate this |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2058 particular risk. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2059 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2060 We have heard unverified reports that the 1988 Internet worm took |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2061 advantage of this configuration problem. |
11822
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New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2062 |
1736 | 2063 * the file-local-variable feature (Yes, a risk, but easy to change.) |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2064 |
1736 | 2065 There is an Emacs feature that allows the setting of local values for |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2066 variables when editing a file by including specially formatted text |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2067 near the end of the file. This feature also includes the ability to |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2068 have arbitrary Emacs Lisp code evaluated when the file is visited. |
1736 | 2069 Obviously, there is a potential for Trojan horses to exploit this |
2070 feature. | |
11822
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New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2071 |
23872
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2072 Emacs 18 allowed this feature by default; users could disable it by |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2073 setting the variable inhibit-local-variables to a non-nil value. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2074 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2075 As of Emacs 19, Emacs has a list of local variables that create a |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2076 security risk. If a file tries to set one of them, it asks the user to |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2077 confirm whether the variables should be set. You can also tell Emacs |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2078 whether to allow the evaluation of Emacs Lisp code found at the bottom |
546acc9b5282
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2079 of files by setting the variable enable-local-eval. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2080 |
546acc9b5282
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2081 For more information, see "File Variables" in the on-line manual. |
546acc9b5282
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
2082 |
546acc9b5282
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changeset
|
2083 * synthetic X events (Yes, a risk; use MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 or better.) |
11822
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New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2084 |
1736 | 2085 Emacs accepts synthetic X events generated by the SendEvent request as |
2086 though they were regular events. As a result, if you are using the | |
2087 trivial host-based authentication, other users who can open X | |
3591
507f64624555
Apply typo patches from Paul Eggert.
Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents:
2703
diff
changeset
|
2088 connections to your X workstation can make your Emacs process do |
507f64624555
Apply typo patches from Paul Eggert.
Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents:
2703
diff
changeset
|
2089 anything, including run other processes with your privileges. |
11822
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New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2090 |
1736 | 2091 The only fix for this is to prevent other users from being able to open |
2092 X connections. The standard way to prevent this is to use a real | |
2093 authentication mechanism, such as MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1. If using the | |
23872
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Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2094 "xauth" program has any effect, then you are probably using |
1736 | 2095 MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1. Your site may be using a superior authentication |
2096 method; ask your system administrator. | |
11822
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New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2097 |
1736 | 2098 If real authentication is not a possibility, you may be satisfied by |
2099 just allowing hosts access for brief intervals while you start your X | |
2100 programs, then removing the access. This reduces the risk somewhat by | |
11822
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New version for Emacs 19.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2101 narrowing the time window when hostile users would have access, but |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2102 DOES NOT ELIMINATE THE RISK. |
1736 | 2103 |
23872
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|
2104 On most computers running Unix and X Windows, you enable and disable |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2105 access using the "xhost" command. To allow all hosts access to your X |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2106 server, use |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2107 |
546acc9b5282
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2108 xhost + |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2109 |
546acc9b5282
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2110 at the shell prompt, which (on an HP machine, at least) produces the |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2111 following message: |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2112 |
546acc9b5282
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parents:
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changeset
|
2113 access control disabled, clients can connect from any host |
546acc9b5282
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2114 |
546acc9b5282
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2115 To deny all hosts access to your X server (except those explicitly |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2116 allowed by name), use |
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2117 |
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2118 xhost - |
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2119 |
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2120 On the test HP computer, this command generated the following message: |
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2121 |
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2122 access control enabled, only authorized clients can connect |
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2123 |
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2124 83: Dired says, "no file on this line" when I try to do something. |
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2125 |
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2126 Chances are you're using a localized version of Unix that doesn't |
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2127 use US date format in dired listings. You can check this by looking |
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2128 at dired listings or by typing `ls -l' to a shell and looking at the |
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2129 dates that come out. |
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2130 |
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2131 Dired uses a regular expression to find the beginning of a file |
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2132 name. In a long Unix-style directory listing ("ls -l"), the file |
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2133 name starts after the date. The regexp has thus been written to |
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2134 look for the date, the format of which can vary on non-US systems. |
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2135 |
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2136 There are two approaches to solving this. The first one involves |
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2137 setting things up so that "ls -l" outputs US date format. This can |
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2138 be done by setting the locale. See your OS manual for more |
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2139 information. |
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2140 |
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2141 The second approach involves changing the regular expression used by |
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2142 dired, dired-move-to-filename-regexp. |
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2143 |
1736 | 2144 |
2145 Difficulties Building/Installing/Porting Emacs | |
2146 | |
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2147 84: How do I install Emacs? |
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2148 |
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2149 This answer is meant for users of Unix and Unix-like systems. Users of |
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2150 other operating systems should see the series of questions beginning with |
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2151 question 94, which describe where to get non-Unix source and binaries. |
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2152 These packages should come with installation instructions. |
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2153 |
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2154 For Unix and Unix-like systems, the easiest way is often to compile it |
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2155 from scratch. You will need: |
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2156 |
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2157 * Emacs sources. See question 92 for a list of ftp sites that make them |
24074 | 2158 available. On gnudist.gnu.org, the main GNU distribution site, sources are |
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2159 available at |
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2160 |
24295 | 2161 ftp://gnudist.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/emacs-20.3.tar.gz |
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2162 |
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2163 The above will obviously change as new versions of Emacs come out. For |
24074 | 2164 instance, when Emacs 20.5 is released, it will most probably be |
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2165 available at |
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2166 |
24295 | 2167 ftp://gnudist.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/emacs-20.4.tar.gz |
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2168 |
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2169 Again, you should use one of the mirror sites in question 92 (and |
24074 | 2170 adjust the URL accordingly) so as to reduce load on gnudist.gnu.org. |
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2171 |
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2172 * Gzip, the GNU compression utility. You can get gzip via anonymous ftp |
24074 | 2173 at mirrors of gnudist.gnu.org sites; it should compile and install without |
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2174 much trouble on most systems. Once you have retrieved the Emacs |
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2175 sources, you will probably be able to uncompress them with the command |
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2176 |
24074 | 2177 gunzip --verbose emacs-20.4.tar.gz |
2178 | |
2179 changing the Emacs version (20.4), as necessary. Once gunzip has | |
2180 finished doing its job, a file by the name of "emacs-20.4.tar" should | |
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2181 be in your build directory. |
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2182 |
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2183 * Tar, the "tape archiving" program, which moves multiple files into and |
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2184 out of archive files, or "tarfiles." All of the files comprising the |
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2185 Emacs source come in a single tarfile, and must be extracted using tar |
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2186 before you can build Emacs. Typically, the extraction command would |
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2187 look like |
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2188 |
24074 | 2189 tar -xvvf emacs-20.4.tar |
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2190 |
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2191 The `x' indicates that we want to extract files from this tarfile, the |
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2192 two `v's force verbose output, and the `f' tells tar to use a disk |
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2193 file, rather than one on tape. |
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2194 |
24074 | 2195 If you're using GNU tar (available at mirrors of gnudist.gnu.org), you can |
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2196 combine this step and the previous one by using the command |
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2197 |
24074 | 2198 tar -zxvvf emacs-20.4.tar.gz |
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2199 |
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2200 The additional `z' at the beginning of the options list tells GNU tar |
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2201 to uncompress the file with gunzip before extracting the tarfile's |
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2202 components. |
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2203 |
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2204 At this point, the Emacs sources (all 25+ megabytes of them) should be |
24074 | 2205 sitting in a directory called "emacs-20.4". On most common Unix and |
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2206 Unix-like systems, you should be able to compile Emacs (with X Windows |
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2207 support) with the following commands: |
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2208 |
24074 | 2209 cd emacs-20.4 [ change directory to emacs-20.4 ] |
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2210 ./configure [ configure Emacs for your particular system ] |
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2211 make [ use Makefile to build components, then Emacs ] |
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2212 |
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2213 If the "make" completes successfully, the odds are fairly good that the |
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2214 build has gone well. (See question 86 if you weren't successful.) |
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2215 |
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2216 To install Emacs in its default directories of /usr/local/bin (binaries), |
24074 | 2217 /usr/local/share/emacs/20.xx (Lisp code and support files), |
2218 /usr/local/libexec/CONFIGURATION/emacs/VERSION (executable files to be | |
2219 run by Emacs rather than users), /usr/local/man/man1 (man pages) and | |
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2220 /usr/local/info (Info documentation), become the super-user and type |
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2221 |
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2222 make install |
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2223 |
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2224 Note that "make install" will overwrite /usr/local/bin/emacs and any |
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2225 Emacs Info files that might be in /usr/local/info. |
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2226 |
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2227 Much more verbose instructions (with many more hints and suggestions) |
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2228 come with the Emacs sources, in the file "INSTALL". |
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2229 |
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2230 85: How do I update Emacs to the latest version? |
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2231 |
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2232 Follow the instructions in question 84. |
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2233 |
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2234 Emacs places nearly everything in version-specific directories (e.g., |
24074 | 2235 /usr/local/share/emacs/20.4), so the only files that can be overwritten |
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2236 when installing a new release are /usr/local/bin/emacs and the Emacs Info |
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2237 documentation in /usr/local/info. Back up these files before you install |
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2238 a new release, and you shouldn't have too much trouble. |
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2239 |
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2240 86: What should I do if I have trouble building Emacs? |
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2241 |
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2242 First look in the file PROBLEMS (in the top-level directory when you |
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2243 unpack the Emacs source) to see if there is already a solution for your |
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2244 problem. Next, look for other questions in this FAQ that have to do with |
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2245 Emacs installation and compilation problems. |
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2246 |
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2247 If you'd like to have someone look at your problem and help solve it, see |
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2248 question 21. |
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2249 |
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2250 If you don't find a solution, then report your problem via e-mail to |
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2251 bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org. Please do not post it to gnu.emacs.help |
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2252 or e-mail it to help-gnu-emacs@gnu.org. For further guidelines, |
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2253 see question 8 and question 10. |
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2254 |
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2255 87: Why does linking Emacs with -lX11 fail? |
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2256 |
1736 | 2257 Emacs needs to be linked with the static version of the X11 library, |
2258 libX11.a. This may be missing. | |
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|
2259 |
23872
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2260 Under OpenWindows, you may need to use "add_services" to add the |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2261 "OpenWindows Programmers" optional software category from the CD-ROM. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
2262 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2263 Under HP-UX 8.0, you may need to run "update" again to load the X11-PRG |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2264 "fileset". This may be missing even if you specified "all filesets" the |
11822
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New version for Emacs 19.
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diff
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|
2265 first time. If libcurses.a is missing, you may need to load the |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
2266 "Berkeley Development Option." |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
2267 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2268 David Zuhn <zoo@armadillo.com> says that MIT X builds shared libraries by |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2269 default, and only shared libraries, on those platforms that support them. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
2270 These shared libraries can't be used when undumping temacs (the last |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2271 stage of the Emacs build process). To get regular libraries in addition |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2272 to shared libraries, add this to site.cf: |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
2273 |
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|
2274 #define ForceNormalLib YES |
11822
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New version for Emacs 19.
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|
2275 |
1736 | 2276 Other systems may have similar problems. You can always define |
2277 CANNOT_DUMP and link with the shared libraries instead. | |
11822
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New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
2278 |
1736 | 2279 To get the Xmenu stuff to work, you need to find a copy of MIT's |
2280 liboldX.a. | |
2281 | |
2282 | |
2283 Finding/Getting Emacs and Related Packages | |
2284 | |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2285 88: Where can I get Emacs on the net (or by snail mail)? |
11822
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New version for Emacs 19.
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|
2286 |
1736 | 2287 Look in the files etc/DISTRIB and etc/FTP for information on nearby |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2288 archive sites and etc/ORDERS for mail orders. If you don't already have |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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diff
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|
2289 Emacs, see question 20 for how to get these files. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
2290 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2291 See question 84 for information on how to obtain and build the latest |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2292 version of Emacs, and question 92 for a list of archive sites that make |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2293 GNU software available. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2294 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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diff
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|
2295 89: How do I find a Emacs Lisp package that does XXX? |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
2296 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
2297 First of all, you should check to make sure that the package isn't |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
2298 already available. For example, typing "M-x apropos RET wordstar RET" |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
2299 lists all functions and variables containing the string "wordstar". |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2300 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2301 It is also possible that the package is on your system, but has not been |
24074 | 2302 loaded. To see which packages are available for loading, look through your |
2303 computer's lisp directory (see question 4) or use the Finder (C-h p) to | |
2304 search under keywords. The Lisp source to most packages contains a | |
2305 short description of how they should be loaded, invoked, and configured -- | |
2306 so before you use or modify a Lisp package, see if the author has provided | |
2307 any hints in the source code. | |
23872
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Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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2308 |
24158 | 2309 If a package does not come with Emacs, check the Lisp Code |
2310 Directory, maintained (unfortunately slowly at present) by Dave | |
2311 Brennan <brennan@gnu.org>. The directory is contained in the file | |
2312 LCD-datafile.Z, available from the Emacs Lisp Archive (see question | |
2313 90), and is accessed using the "lispdir" package, available from the | |
2314 same site. Note that lispdir.el requires crypt++, which you can | |
2315 grab from the Emacs Lisp Archive's "misc" subdirectory when you get | |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2316 lispdir.el. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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23406
diff
changeset
|
2317 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2318 Once you have installed lispdir.el and LCD-datafile, you can use "M-x |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2319 lisp-dir-apropos" to search the listing. For example, "M-x |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
2320 lisp-dir-apropos RET ange-ftp RET" produces this output: |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
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|
2321 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2322 GNU Emacs Lisp Code Directory Apropos -- "ange-ftp" |
24082 | 2323 "~/" refers to ftp.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/emacs-lisp/ |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2324 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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8958
diff
changeset
|
2325 ange-ftp (4.18) 15-Jul-1992 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
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|
2326 Andy Norman, <ange@hplb.hpl.hp.com> |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
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|
2327 ~/packages/ange-ftp.tar.Z |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2328 transparent FTP Support for GNU Emacs |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2329 auto-save (1.19) 01-May-1992 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2330 Sebastian Kremer, <sk@thp.uni-koeln.de> |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
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|
2331 ~/misc/auto-save.el.Z |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2332 Safer autosaving with support for ange-ftp and /tmp |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2333 ftp-quik (1.0) 28-Jul-1993 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2334 Terrence Brannon, <tb06@pl122f.eecs.lehigh.edu> |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2335 ~/modes/ftp-quik.el.Z |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2336 Quik access to dired'ing of ange-ftp and normal paths |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2337 |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2338 You actually don't need the directory file LCD-datafile if your computer |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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23406
diff
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|
2339 is on the Internet, since the latest version is retrieved automatically |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
2340 the first time you type "M-x lisp-dir-apropos" in a particular Emacs |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
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|
2341 session. If you would prefer to use a local copy of LCD-datafile, be |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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23406
diff
changeset
|
2342 sure to set the variable lisp-code-directory at the top of the lispdir.el |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2343 source code. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2344 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2345 A searchable version of the LCD is also available at |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
2346 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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diff
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|
2347 http://www.cs.indiana.edu/LCD/cover.html |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
2348 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2349 90: Where can I get Emacs Lisp packages that don't come with Emacs? |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2350 |
1736 | 2351 First, check the Lisp Code Directory to find the name of the package you |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2352 are looking for (see question 89). Next, check local archives and the |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2353 Emacs Lisp Archive to find a copy of the relevant files. If you still |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2354 haven't found it, you can send e-mail to the author asking for a copy. |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2355 If you find Emacs Lisp code that doesn't appear in the LCD, please submit |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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diff
changeset
|
2356 a copy to the LCD (see question 91). |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2357 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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23406
diff
changeset
|
2358 You can access the Emacs Lisp Archive at the following sites: |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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diff
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|
2359 |
24082 | 2360 ftp://ftp.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/emacs-lisp/ |
23872
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|
2361 ftp://ftp.uni-mainz.de/pub/gnu/elisp-archive/ |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2362 ftp://gatekeeper.dec.com/pub/GNU/elisp-archive/ |
546acc9b5282
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|
2363 ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/ |
24080 | 2364 ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/elisp-archive/ |
2365 ftp://src.doc.ic.ac.uk/public/Mirrors/ftp.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/emacs-lisp/ | |
11822
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|
2366 |
b097ca448b38
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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8958
diff
changeset
|
2367 Retrieve and read the file README first. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2368 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2369 NOTE: * The archive maintainers do not have time to answer individual |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2370 requests for packages or the list of packages in the archive. If |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2371 you cannot use FTP or UUCP to access the archive yourself, try to |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2372 find a friend who can, but please don't ask the maintainers. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2373 |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2374 * Any files with names ending in ".Z", ".z", or ".gz" are |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2375 compressed, so you should use "binary" mode in FTP to retrieve |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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8958
diff
changeset
|
2376 them. You should also use binary mode whenever you retrieve any |
23872
546acc9b5282
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|
2377 files with names ending in ".elc". |
546acc9b5282
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|
2378 |
24074 | 2379 Packages which have been posted to gnu.emacs.sources should be locatable |
2380 via a service like Dejanews. | |
2381 | |
23872
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Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2382 91: How do I submit code to the Emacs Lisp Archive? |
11822
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|
2383 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
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diff
changeset
|
2384 Guidelines and procedures for submission to the archive can be found in |
23872
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|
2385 the file GUIDELINES in the archive directory (see question 90). It |
11822
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diff
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|
2386 covers documentation, copyrights, packaging, submission, and the Lisp |
b097ca448b38
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8958
diff
changeset
|
2387 Code Directory Record. Anonymous FTP uploads are not permitted. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2388 Instead, all submissions are mailed to elisp-archive@cis.ohio-state.edu. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2389 The lispdir.el package has a function named submit-lcd-entry which will |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2390 help you with this. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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8958
diff
changeset
|
2391 |
24295 | 2392 Note that maintenance of the archive is currently very slow. |
24074 | 2393 |
23872
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Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2394 92: Where can I get other up-to-date GNU stuff? |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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changeset
|
2395 |
546acc9b5282
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changeset
|
2396 The most up-to-date official GNU software is normally kept on |
24074 | 2397 gnudist.gnu.org and is available at |
2398 | |
2399 ftp://gnudist.gnu.org/pub/gnu | |
23872
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|
2400 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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changeset
|
2401 Read the files etc/DISTRIB and etc/FTP for more information. |
11822
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|
2402 |
24295 | 2403 A list of sites mirroring gnudist.gnu.org can be found at |
2404 | |
2405 http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html | |
23872
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|
2406 |
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|
2407 93: What is the difference between Emacs and XEmacs (formerly "Lucid |
546acc9b5282
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2408 Emacs")? |
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2409 |
24074 | 2410 XEmacs is a modified version of GNU Emacs. |
2411 | |
2412 This FAQ refers to the latest version to be distributed by the FSF | |
2413 as "Emacs," partly because the XEmacs maintainers now refer to their | |
2414 product using the "XEmacs" name, and partly because there isn't any | |
2415 accurate way to differentiate between the two without getting mired | |
2416 in paragraphs of legalese and history. | |
23872
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2417 |
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2418 XEmacs, which began life as Lucid Emacs, is based on an early version of |
546acc9b5282
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2419 Emacs 19 and Epoch, an X-aware version of Emacs 18. |
546acc9b5282
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2420 |
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2421 Emacs (i.e., the version distributed by the FSF) has a larger installed |
24074 | 2422 base and now always contains the MULE multilingual facilities. XEmacs |
2423 can do some clever tricks with X Windows, such as putting arbitrary | |
2424 graphics in a buffer; similar facilities have been implemented for Emacs, | |
2425 which will be integrated after version 20.4. Emacs and XEmacs each come | |
2426 with some Lisp packages that are lacking or more up-to-date in the other; | |
2427 RMS says that the FSF would include more packages that come with XEmacs, | |
2428 but that the XEmacs maintainers don't always keep track of the authors of | |
2429 contributed code, which makes it impossible for the FSF to have certain | |
2430 legal papers signed. (Without these legal papers, the FSF will not | |
2431 distribute Lisp packages with Emacs.) The two versions have some | |
2432 significant differences at the Lisp programming level. | |
23872
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2433 |
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2434 94: Where can I get Emacs for my PC running MS-DOS? |
546acc9b5282
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|
2435 |
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2436 A pre-built binary distribution of Emacs is available from the Simtel |
24074 | 2437 archives. This version works under MS-DOS and Windows (3.x, 9x, and NT) and |
2438 supports long file names under Windows 9x. More information is available | |
23872
546acc9b5282
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2439 from: |
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2440 |
546acc9b5282
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2441 ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/emacs.README |
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2442 |
24295 | 2443 And the binary itself is available in the files em1934*.zip in the |
2444 directory | |
2445 | |
2446 ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/ | |
23872
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2447 |
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2448 If you prefer to compile Emacs for yourself, you will need a 386 (or |
546acc9b5282
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2449 better) processor, and are running MS-DOS 3.0 or later. According to Eli |
546acc9b5282
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2450 Zaretskii <eliz@is.elta.co.il> and Darrel Hankerson |
546acc9b5282
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2451 <hankedr@dms.auburn.edu>, you will need the following: |
546acc9b5282
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2452 |
546acc9b5282
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2453 Compiler: djgpp version 1.12 maint 1 or later. Djgpp 2.0 or later is |
546acc9b5282
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2454 recommended, since 1.x is being phased out. Djgpp 2 supports |
24074 | 2455 long filenames under Windows 9x. |
23872
546acc9b5282
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2456 |
546acc9b5282
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2457 You can get the latest release of djgpp by retrieving |
546acc9b5282
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|
2458 all of the files in |
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|
2459 |
546acc9b5282
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2460 ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp |
546acc9b5282
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2461 |
546acc9b5282
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|
2462 Gunzip and tar: |
546acc9b5282
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|
2463 |
546acc9b5282
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|
2464 The easiest way is to use "djtar" which comes with djgpp v2.x, |
546acc9b5282
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2465 because it can open gzip'ed tarfiles (i.e., those ending with |
546acc9b5282
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|
2466 ".tar.gz") in one step. Djtar comes in "djdev201.zip", from |
546acc9b5282
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|
2467 the URL mentioned above. |
546acc9b5282
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|
2468 |
546acc9b5282
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2469 Utilities: make, mv, sed, rm. |
546acc9b5282
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|
2470 |
546acc9b5282
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|
2471 All of these utilities are available at |
546acc9b5282
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|
2472 |
546acc9b5282
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2473 ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu |
546acc9b5282
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|
2474 |
546acc9b5282
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2475 16-bit utilities can be found in GNUish: |
546acc9b5282
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|
2476 |
546acc9b5282
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2477 ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/gnuish |
546acc9b5282
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2478 |
24074 | 2479 The files INSTALL and etc/PROBLEMS in the Emacs source contains some |
2480 additional information regarding Emacs under MS-DOS. | |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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8958
diff
changeset
|
2481 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2482 For a list of other MS-DOS implementations of Emacs (and Emacs |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2483 look-alikes), consult the list of "Emacs implementations and literature," |
23872
546acc9b5282
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|
2484 available at |
546acc9b5282
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|
2485 |
546acc9b5282
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|
2486 ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.emacs/ |
546acc9b5282
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|
2487 |
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2488 Note that while many of these programs look similar to Emacs, they often |
24295 | 2489 lack certain features, particularly the Emacs Lisp extension language. |
24074 | 2490 |
2491 95: Where can I get Emacs for Microsoft Windows, Windows 9x, or Windows | |
23872
546acc9b5282
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|
2492 NT? |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
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|
2493 |
24074 | 2494 GNU Emacs has been fully ported to Windows NT and Windows 95/98. |
2495 If you have MSVC 4.0 or greater, then you can compile GNU Emacs | |
2496 directly from the source distribution. First read the file | |
2497 nt/README, and then the file nt/INSTALL, for step by step | |
2498 instructions on how to compile and install GNU Emacs on your system. | |
2499 | |
2500 You can also download precompiled distributions of GNU Emacs from: | |
2501 | |
2502 ftp://ftp.cs.washington.edu/pub/ntemacs | |
2503 | |
2504 If you need the gunzip and tar utilities for unpacking distributions, | |
2505 you can download precompiled versions from: | |
2506 | |
2507 ftp://ftp.cs.washington.edu/pub/ntemacs/utilities | |
2508 | |
2509 For more information on configuring your favorite package to run with | |
2510 GNU Emacs on Windows NT/95/98, see the following FAQ: | |
23406
37457777218a
Update Microsoft Windows entry.
Geoff Voelker <voelker@cs.washington.edu>
parents:
23110
diff
changeset
|
2511 |
37457777218a
Update Microsoft Windows entry.
Geoff Voelker <voelker@cs.washington.edu>
parents:
23110
diff
changeset
|
2512 http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/voelker/ntemacs.html |
24074 | 2513 ftp://ftp.cs.washington.edu/pub/ntemacs/docs/ntemacs.html |
2514 | |
2515 If you are running Windows 3.11, and if you compile GNU Emacs for MSDOS | |
2516 with the tools listed in the previous question, it will run under | |
2517 Microsoft Windows in a DOS box. | |
14919 | 2518 |
23872
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2519 96: Where can I get Emacs for my PC running OS/2? |
546acc9b5282
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|
2520 |
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2521 Emacs 19.33 is ported for emx on OS/2 2.0 or 2.1, and is available at: |
546acc9b5282
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2522 |
24295 | 2523 ftp://hobbes.nmsu.edu/pub/os2/apps/editors/emacs/v19.33/ |
23872
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2524 |
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2525 97: Where can I get Emacs for my Atari ST? |
546acc9b5282
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|
2526 |
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2527 Roland Schäuble reports that Emacs 18.58 running on plain TOS and MiNT |
546acc9b5282
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|
2528 is available at |
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2529 |
546acc9b5282
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|
2530 ftp://atari.archive.umich.edu/Editors/Emacs-18-58/1858b-d3.zoo |
546acc9b5282
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|
2531 |
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2532 98: Where can I get Emacs for my Amiga? |
546acc9b5282
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|
2533 |
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|
2534 The files you need are available at |
546acc9b5282
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|
2535 |
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|
2536 ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/pub/aminet/util/gnu/ |
546acc9b5282
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|
2537 |
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2538 David Gilbert <dgilbert@gamiga.guelphnet.dweomer.org> has released a beta |
546acc9b5282
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2539 version of Emacs 19.25 for the Amiga. You can get the binary at |
546acc9b5282
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|
2540 |
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|
2541 ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/pub/aminet/util/gnu/a2.0bEmacs-bin.lha |
546acc9b5282
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2542 |
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2543 99: Where can I get Emacs for NeXTSTEP? |
546acc9b5282
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2544 |
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2545 Emacs.app is a NeXTSTEP version of Emacs 19.34 which supports colors, |
546acc9b5282
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2546 menus, and multiple frames. You can get it from |
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|
2547 |
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|
2548 ftp://next-ftp.peak.org/pub/next/apps/emacs/Emacs_for_NeXTstep.4.20a1.NIHS.b.tar.gz |
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2549 |
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|
2550 100: Where can I get Emacs for my Apple computer? |
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|
2551 |
24074 | 2552 |
2553 There used to be a boycott of Apple because of its "look and feel" | |
2554 lawsuit. The lawsuit failed, and the boycott is over. | |
2555 Currently the GNU project treats Apple like other computer companies. | |
2556 | |
2557 Since the Mac operating system is very different from Unix and GNU, | |
2558 support for it would be a big job. And this job would be tangential | |
2559 to the GNU project's goals. Meanwhile, we don't have the resources | |
2560 to do all we want to do on supporting Emacs for GNU-like systems. | |
2561 So if we had to do work on support for the Macintosh, that would | |
2562 directly harm the GNU project. | |
2563 | |
2564 Of course, the same is true for MSDOS and Windows NT. We decided to | |
2565 incorporate support for those systems because the code was very modular, | |
2566 because volunteers not only wrote all the code but also investigate | |
2567 all the bugs reported on those systems, and because we hoped that we | |
2568 will be able to raise funds for GNU using these versions, and in this | |
2569 way these ports will make up for the effort that they took. (We still | |
2570 hope so, but it has not happened yet.) | |
2571 | |
23872
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2572 An unofficial port of GNU Emacs 18.59 to the Macintosh is available at a |
546acc9b5282
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|
2573 number of ftp sites, the home being |
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|
2574 |
546acc9b5282
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2575 ftp://ftp.cs.cornell.edu/pub/parmet/Emacs-1.17.sit.bin |
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2576 |
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2577 To the best of our knowledge, Emacs 19 has not been ported to the |
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|
2578 Macintosh. |
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|
2579 |
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|
2580 Apple's forthcoming "OS X" is based largely on NeXTSTEP and OpenStep. |
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2581 See question 99 for more details about that version. |
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2582 |
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2583 101: Where do I get Emacs that runs on VMS under DECwindows? |
546acc9b5282
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|
2584 |
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|
2585 Up-to-date information about GNU software (including Emacs) for VMS is |
546acc9b5282
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parents:
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changeset
|
2586 available at |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
2587 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2588 http://vms.gnu.org/ |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
2589 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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diff
changeset
|
2590 102: Where can I get modes for Lex, Yacc/Bison, Bourne shell, Csh, C++, |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2591 Objective-C, Pascal, Java, and Awk? |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
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|
2592 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2593 Most of these modes are now available in standard Emacs distribution. To |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2594 get additional modes, look in the Lisp Code Directory (see question 89). |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2595 For C++, if you use lisp-dir-apropos, you must specify the pattern like |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2596 this: |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2597 |
1736 | 2598 M-x lisp-dir-apropos RET c\+\+ RET |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2599 |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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diff
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|
2600 Note that Barry Warsaw's cc-mode now works for C, C++, Objective-C, and |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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parents:
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diff
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|
2601 Java code. You can get the latest version from the Emacs Lisp Archive; |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2602 see question 90 for details. A FAQ for cc-mode is available at |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2603 |
24295 | 2604 http://www.python.org/emacs/cc-mode/ |
23872
546acc9b5282
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|
2605 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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diff
changeset
|
2606 103: What is the IP address of XXX.YYY.ZZZ? |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2607 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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diff
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|
2608 If you are on a Unix machine, try using the "nslookup" command, included |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2609 in the Berkeley BIND package. For example, to find the IP address of |
24074 | 2610 "gnudist.gnu.org", you would type |
2611 | |
2612 nslookup gnudist.gnu.org | |
23872
546acc9b5282
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|
2613 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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diff
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|
2614 Your computer should then provide the IP address of that computer. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2615 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2616 If your site's nameserver is deficient, you can use IP addresses to FTP |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2617 files. You can get this information by |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2618 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2619 * E-mail: |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2620 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2621 To: dns@[134.214.84.25] (to grasp.insa-lyon.fr) |
546acc9b5282
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diff
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|
2622 Body: ip XXX.YYY.ZZZ (or "help" for more information |
546acc9b5282
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2623 and options - no quotes) |
1736 | 2624 or: |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
2625 |
23872
546acc9b5282
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changeset
|
2626 To: resolve@[147.31.254.130] (to laverne.cs.widener.edu) |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2627 Body: site XXX.YYY.ZZZ |
134 | 2628 |
1736 | 2629 |
2630 Major Emacs Lisp Packages, Emacs Extensions, and Related Programs | |
134 | 2631 |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2632 104: VM (View Mail) -- another mail reader within Emacs, with MIME support |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2633 |
1736 | 2634 Author: Kyle Jones <kyle@uunet.uu.net> |
24295 | 2635 Latest version: 6.67 |
1736 | 2636 Anonymous FTP: |
24295 | 2637 ftp://ftp.wonderworks.com/pub/vm/vm.tar.gz |
1736 | 2638 Newsgroups and mailing lists: |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2639 Informational newsgroup/mailing list: |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2640 gnu.emacs.vm.info (newsgroup) |
1736 | 2641 info-vm-request@uunet.uu.net (for subscriptions) |
2642 info-vm@uunet.uu.net (for submissions) | |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2643 Bug reports newsgroup/mailing list: |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2644 gnu.emacs.vm.bug (newsgroup) |
1736 | 2645 bug-vm-request@uunet.uu.net (for subscriptions) |
2646 bug-vm@uunet.uu.net (for submissions) | |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2647 NOTE: VM 6 is not guaranteed to work under Emacs 20 (although many people |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2648 seem to use it without too much trouble). Users of Emacs 20 might prefer |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2649 to use VM 5.97, available from the same FTP site. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2650 |
24073 | 2651 105: Supercite -- mail and news citation package within Emacs |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2652 |
1736 | 2653 Author: Barry Warsaw <bwarsaw@cen.com> |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2654 Latest version: 3.1 (comes with Emacs 20) |
24073 | 2655 |
2656 World Wide Web: | |
2657 http://www.python.org/emacs/supercite.tar.gz | |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2658 Mailing list: |
24073 | 2659 supercite-request@python.org (for subscriptions) |
2660 supercite@python.org (for submissions) | |
2661 NOTE: Superyank is an old version of Supercite. | |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2662 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2663 106: Calc -- poor man's Mathematica within Emacs |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2664 |
1736 | 2665 Author: Dave Gillespie <daveg@csvax.cs.caltech.edu> |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2666 Latest version: 2.02f |
1736 | 2667 Anonymous FTP: |
24295 | 2668 ftp://gnudist.gnu.org/pub/gnu/calc/calc-2.02f.tar.gz |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2669 NOTE: Unlike Wolfram Research, Dave has never threatened to sue |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2670 anyone for having a program with a similar command language to |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2671 Calc. :-) |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2672 |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2673 107: VIPER -- vi emulation for Emacs |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2674 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2675 Since Emacs 19.29, the preferred vi emulation in Emacs is VIPER (M-x |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2676 viper-mode RET), which comes with Emacs. It extends and supersedes VIP |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2677 (including VIP 4.3) and provides vi emulation at several levels, from one |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2678 that closely follows vi to one that departs from vi in several |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2679 significant ways. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2680 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2681 For Emacs 19.28 and earlier, the following version of VIP is generally |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2682 better than the one distributed with Emacs: |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2683 |
1736 | 2684 Author: Aamod Sane <sane@cs.uiuc.edu> |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2685 Latest version: 4.3 |
1736 | 2686 Anonymous FTP: |
24082 | 2687 ftp://ftp.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/emacs-lisp/modes/vip-mode.tar.Z |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2688 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2689 108: AUC TeX -- enhanced LaTeX mode with debugging facilities |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2690 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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23406
diff
changeset
|
2691 Authors: Kresten Krab Thorup <krab@iesd.auc.dk> |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2692 and Per Abrahamsen <abraham@iesd.auc.dk> |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2693 Latest version: 9.8l |
1736 | 2694 Anonymous FTP: |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2695 ftp://sunsite.auc.dk/packages/auctex/auctex.tar.gz |
1736 | 2696 Mailing list: |
2697 auc-tex-request@iesd.auc.dk (for subscriptions) | |
2698 auc-tex@iesd.auc.dk (for submissions) | |
2699 auc-tex_mgr@iesd.auc.dk (auc-tex development team) | |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2700 World Wide Web: |
24295 | 2701 http://sunsite.auc.dk/auctex/ |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2702 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2703 109: BBDB -- personal Info Rolodex integrated with mail/news readers |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2704 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2705 Maintainer: Matt Simmons <simmonmt@acm.org> |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2706 Latest released version: 2.00 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2707 Available from: |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2708 http://www.netcom.com/~simmonmt/bbdb/index.html |
1736 | 2709 Mailing lists: |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
2710 info-bbdb-request@xemacs.org (for subscriptions) |
546acc9b5282
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|
2711 info-bbdb@xemacs.org (for submissions) |
546acc9b5282
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diff
changeset
|
2712 bbdb-announce-request@xemacs.org (to be informed of new releases) |
546acc9b5282
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|
2713 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
2714 110: Ispell -- spell checker in C with interface for Emacs |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
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changeset
|
2715 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2716 Author: Geoff Kuenning <geoff@itcorp.com> |
23872
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|
2717 Latest released version: 3.1.20 |
1736 | 2718 Anonymous FTP: |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2719 Master Sites: |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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changeset
|
2720 ftp://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/ispell/ispell-3.1.20.tar.gz |
546acc9b5282
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|
2721 Known Mirror Sites: |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2722 ftp://ftp.th-darmstadt.de/pub/dicts/ispell/ |
546acc9b5282
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|
2723 ftp://ftp.nl.net/pub/textproc/ispell/ |
546acc9b5282
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|
2724 World Wide Web: |
546acc9b5282
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changeset
|
2725 http://fmg-www.cs.ucla.edu/geoff/ispell.html |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
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|
2726 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
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8958
diff
changeset
|
2727 NOTE: * Do not ask Geoff to send you the latest version of Ispell. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2728 He does not have free e-mail. |
23872
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|
2729 |
11822
b097ca448b38
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2730 * This Ispell program is distinct from GNU Ispell 4.0. GNU |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2731 Ispell 4.0 is no longer a supported product. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2732 |
23872
546acc9b5282
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|
2733 111: W3-mode -- A World Wide Web browser inside of Emacs |
546acc9b5282
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|
2734 |
546acc9b5282
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changeset
|
2735 Author: Bill Perry <wmperry@spry.com> |
24295 | 2736 Latest version: 4.0pre.39 |
23872
546acc9b5282
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|
2737 Anonymous FTP: |
546acc9b5282
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changeset
|
2738 ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu/pub/elisp/w3/.betas/w3.tar.gz |
546acc9b5282
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|
2739 Mailing lists: |
546acc9b5282
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|
2740 w3-announce-request@indiana.edu (to get announcements of new versions) |
546acc9b5282
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|
2741 w3-beta-request@indiana.edu (for beta-testers of new versions) |
546acc9b5282
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|
2742 w3-dev@indiana.edu (for developers of W3) |
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|
2743 |
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2744 112: EDB -- Database program for Emacs; replaces forms editing modes |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2745 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2746 Author: Michael Ernst <mernst@theory.lcs.mit.edu> |
546acc9b5282
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|
2747 Latest version: 1.21 |
1736 | 2748 Anonymous FTP: |
23872
546acc9b5282
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changeset
|
2749 ftp://theory.lcs.mit.edu/pub/emacs/edb |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2750 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2751 113: Mailcrypt -- PGP interface within Emacs mail and news |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
2752 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2753 Authors: Patrick J. LoPresti <patl@lcs.mit.edu> and |
546acc9b5282
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|
2754 Jin S. Choi <jin@atype.com> |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2755 Maintainer: Len Budney <lbudney@pobox.com> |
24136 | 2756 Latest version: 3.5.1 |
23872
546acc9b5282
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|
2757 Anonymous FTP: |
24136 | 2758 ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/crypto/mailcrypt-3.5.1.tar.gz |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2759 World Wide Web: |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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changeset
|
2760 http://www.nb.net/~lbudney/linux/software/mailcrypt.html |
546acc9b5282
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|
2761 |
24073 | 2762 114: JDE -- Development environment for Java programming |
2763 | |
2764 Author: Paul Kinnucan <paulk@mathworks.com> | |
2765 Mailing list: jde-subscribe@sunsite.auc.dk | |
24136 | 2766 Latest version: 2.1.4 |
24073 | 2767 World Wide Web: http://sunsite.auc.dk/jde/ |
2768 | |
2769 115: Patch -- program to apply "diffs" for updating files | |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
2770 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2771 Author: Larry Wall <lwall@wall.org> (with GNU modifications) |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
2772 Latest version: 2.5 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2773 Anonymous FTP: See question 92 |
1736 | 2774 |
2775 | |
2776 Changing Key Bindings and Handling Key Binding Problems | |
2777 | |
24073 | 2778 116: How do I bind keys (including function keys) to commands? |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2779 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2780 Keys can be bound to commands either interactively or in your .emacs |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2781 file. To interactively bind keys for all modes, type |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
2782 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
2783 M-x global-set-key RET KEY CMD RET |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
2784 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
2785 To bind a key just in the current major mode, type |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2786 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
2787 M-x local-set-key RET KEY CMD RET |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
2788 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2789 See "Key Bindings" in the on-line manual for further details. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2790 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
2791 To bind keys on starting Emacs or on starting any given mode, use the |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2792 following "trick": First bind the key interactively, then immediately |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2793 type "C-x ESC ESC C-a C-k C-g". Now, the command needed to bind the key |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2794 is in the kill ring, and can be yanked into your .emacs file. If the key |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2795 binding is global, no changes to the command are required. For example, |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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23406
diff
changeset
|
2796 |
24074 | 2797 (global-set-key [f1] 'help-for-help) |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2798 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2799 can be placed directly into the .emacs file. If the key binding is |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2800 local, the command is used in conjunction with the "add-hook" command. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2801 For example, in tex-mode, a local binding might be |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2802 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
2803 (add-hook 'tex-mode-hook |
24074 | 2804 (lambda () |
2805 (local-set-key [f1] 'help-for-help))) | |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2806 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
2807 NOTE: * Control characters in key sequences, in the form yanked from the |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2808 kill ring are given in their graphic form -- i.e., CTRL is shown |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2809 as `^', TAB as a set of spaces (usually 8), etc. You may want to |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2810 convert these into their vector or string forms. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
2811 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
2812 * If a prefix key of the character sequence to be bound is already |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2813 bound as a complete key, then you must unbind it before the new |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2814 binding. For example, if "ESC {" is previously bound: |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2815 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2816 (global-unset-key [?\e ?{]) ;; or |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2817 (local-unset-key [?\e ?{]) |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2818 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2819 * Aside from commands and "lambda lists," a vector or string also |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2820 can be bound to a key and thus treated as a macro. For example: |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2821 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2822 (global-set-key [f10] [?\C-x?\e?\e?\C-a?\C-k?\C-g]) ;; or |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2823 (global-set-key [f10] "\C-x\e\e\C-a\C-k\C-g") |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2824 |
24074 | 2825 * The "kbd" macro is convenient for converting a key description in |
2826 the form used in documentation or printed by C-h c (except that | |
2827 function key symbols must be enclosed in angle brackets). For | |
2828 example: | |
2829 | |
2830 (global-set-key (kbd "<f1>") 'help-for-help) | |
2831 (global-set-key (kbd "C-h") 'help-for-help) | |
2832 (local-set-key (kbd "DEL") 'scroll-down) | |
2833 | |
24073 | 2834 117: Why does Emacs say "Key sequence XXX uses invalid prefix characters"? |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2835 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2836 Usually, one of two things has happened. In one case, the control |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2837 character in the key sequence has been misspecified (e.g. "C-f" used |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2838 instead of "\C-f" within a Lisp expression). In the other case, a |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2839 "prefix key" in the keystroke sequence you were trying to bind was |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2840 already bound as a "complete key." Historically, the "ESC [" prefix was |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2841 usually the problem, in which case you should evaluate either of these |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2842 forms before attempting to bind the key sequence: |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2843 |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2844 (global-unset-key [?\e ?[]) ;; or |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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|
2845 (global-unset-key "\e[") |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
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diff
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|
2846 |
24073 | 2847 118: Why doesn't this [terminal or window-system setup] code work in my |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2848 .emacs file, but it works just fine after Emacs starts up? |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2849 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2850 During startup, Emacs initializes itself according to a given code/file |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2851 order. If some of the code executed in your .emacs file needs to be |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2852 postponed until the initial terminal or window-system setup code has been |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2853 executed but is not, then you will experience this problem (this |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2854 code/file execution order is not enforced after startup). |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2855 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
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8958
diff
changeset
|
2856 To postpone the execution of Emacs Lisp code until after terminal or |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
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diff
changeset
|
2857 window-system setup, treat the code as a "lambda list" and set the value |
23872
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|
2858 of either the "term-setup-hook" or "window-setup-hook" variable to this |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2859 "lambda function." For example, |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2860 |
134 | 2861 (setq term-setup-hook |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
2862 (function |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2863 (lambda () |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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8958
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changeset
|
2864 (cond ((string-match "\\`vt220" (or (getenv "TERM") "")) |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2865 ;; Make vt220's "Do" key behave like M-x: |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2866 (global-set-key [do] 'execute-extended-command)) |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2867 )))) |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
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diff
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|
2868 |
24074 | 2869 For information on what Emacs does every time it is started, see |
2870 "Starting Up Emacs" in the Lisp Reference Manual. | |
24073 | 2871 |
2872 119: How do I use function keys under X Windows? | |
11822
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New version for Emacs 19.
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|
2873 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2874 With Emacs 19, functions keys under X are bound like any other key. See |
24073 | 2875 question 116 for details. |
2876 | |
2877 120: How do I tell what characters or symbols my function or arrow keys | |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
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changeset
|
2878 emit? |
b097ca448b38
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changeset
|
2879 |
23872
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2880 Type "C-h c" then the function or arrow keys. The command will return |
546acc9b5282
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|
2881 either a function key symbol or character sequence (see the Emacs on-line |
546acc9b5282
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|
2882 documentation for an explanation). This works for other keys as well. |
546acc9b5282
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|
2883 |
24073 | 2884 121: How do I set the X key "translations" for Emacs? |
23872
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2885 |
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|
2886 Emacs is not written using the Xt library by default, so there are no |
546acc9b5282
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|
2887 "translations" to be set. (We aren't sure how to set such translations |
546acc9b5282
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|
2888 if you do build Emacs with Xt; please let us know if you've done this!) |
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|
2889 |
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changeset
|
2890 The only way to affect the behavior of keys within Emacs is through |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2891 "xmodmap" (outside Emacs) or "define-key" (inside Emacs). The |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2892 "define-key" command should be used in conjunction with the |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2893 "function-key-map" map. For instance, |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2894 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2895 (define-key function-key-map [M-tab] [?\M-\t]) |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2896 |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2897 defines the "M-TAB" key sequence. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2898 |
24073 | 2899 122: How do I handle C-s and C-q being used for flow control? |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2900 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2901 C-s and C-q are used in the XON/XOFF flow control protocol. This messes |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2902 things up when you're using Emacs, because Emacs binds these keys to |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2903 commands by default. Because Emacs won't honor them as flow control |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2904 characters, too many of these characters are not passed on and overwhelm |
1736 | 2905 output buffers. Sometimes, intermediate software using XON/XOFF flow |
2906 control will prevent Emacs from ever seeing C-s and C-q. | |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2907 |
1736 | 2908 Possible solutions: |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2909 |
1736 | 2910 * Disable the use of C-s and C-q for flow control. |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2911 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2912 You need to determine the cause of the flow control. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2913 |
1736 | 2914 * your terminal |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2915 |
1736 | 2916 Your terminal may use XON/XOFF flow control to have time to display |
2917 all the characters it receives. For example, VT series terminals do | |
2918 this. It may be possible to turn this off from a setup menu. For | |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2919 example, on a VT220 you may select "No XOFF" in the setup menu. This |
1736 | 2920 is also true for some terminal emulation programs on PCs. |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2921 |
1736 | 2922 When you turn off flow control at the terminal, you will also need to |
2923 turn it off at the other end, which might be at the computer you are | |
2924 logged in to or at some terminal server in between. | |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2925 |
1736 | 2926 If you turn off flow control, characters may be lost; using a printer |
2927 connected to the terminal may fail. You may be able to get around | |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2928 this problem by modifying the "termcap" entry for your terminal to |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2929 include extra NUL padding characters. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2930 |
1736 | 2931 * a modem |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2932 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2933 If you are using a dialup connection, the modems may be using |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2934 XON/XOFF flow control. It's not clear how to get around this. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2935 |
1736 | 2936 * a router or terminal server |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2937 |
1736 | 2938 Some network box between the terminal and your computer may be using |
2939 XON/XOFF flow control. It may be possible to make it use some other | |
2940 kind of flow control. You will probably have to ask your local | |
2941 network experts for help with this. | |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2942 |
1736 | 2943 * tty and/or pty devices |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2944 |
1736 | 2945 If your connection to Emacs goes through multiple tty and/or pty |
2946 devices, they may be using XON/XOFF flow control even when it is not | |
2947 necessary. | |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2948 |
1736 | 2949 Eirik Fuller <eirik@theory.tn.cornell.edu> writes: |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2950 |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2951 Some versions of "rlogin" (and possibly telnet) do not pass flow |
1736 | 2952 control characters to the remote system to which they connect. On |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2953 such systems, Emacs on the remote system cannot disable flow |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2954 control on the local system. Sometimes "rlogin -8" will avoid this |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2955 problem. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2956 |
1736 | 2957 One way to cure this is to disable flow control on the local host |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2958 (the one running rlogin, not the one running rlogind) using the |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2959 stty command, before starting the rlogin process. On many systems, |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2960 "stty start u stop u" will do this. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2961 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2962 Some versions of "tcsh" will prevent even this from working. One |
1736 | 2963 way around this is to start another shell before starting rlogin, |
2964 and issue the stty command to disable flow control from that shell. | |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2965 |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2966 Use "stty -ixon" instead of "stty start u stop u" on some systems. |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2967 |
1736 | 2968 * Make Emacs speak the XON/XOFF flow control protocol. |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2969 |
1736 | 2970 You can make Emacs treat C-s and C-q as flow control characters by |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2971 evaluating the form |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2972 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2973 (enable-flow-control) |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2974 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2975 to unconditionally enable flow control or |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2976 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2977 (enable-flow-control-on "vt100" "h19") |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2978 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2979 (using your terminal names instead of "vt100" or "h19") to enable |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2980 selectively. These commands will automatically swap `C-s' and `C-q' to |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2981 `C-\' and `C-^'. Variables can be used to change the default swap keys |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2982 ("flow-control-c-s-replacement" and "flow-control-c-q-replacement"). |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2983 |
1736 | 2984 If you are fixing this for yourself, simply put the form in your .emacs |
2985 file. If you are fixing this for your entire site, the best place to | |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2986 put it is in the lisp/site-start.el file. Putting this form in |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2987 lisp/default.el has the problem that if the user's .emacs file has an |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2988 error, this will prevent lisp/default.el from being loaded and Emacs |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2989 may be unusable for the user, even for correcting their .emacs file |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2990 (unless they're smart enough to move it to another name). |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2991 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2992 For further discussion of this issue, read the file PROBLEMS (in the |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2993 top-level directory when you unpack the Emacs source). |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2994 |
24073 | 2995 123: How do I bind `C-s' and `C-q' (or any key) if these keys are filtered |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2996 out? |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
2997 |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
2998 To bind `C-s' and `C-q', use either "enable-flow-control" or |
24073 | 2999 "enable-flow-control-on". See question 122 for usage and implementation |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3000 details. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3001 |
24073 | 3002 To bind other keys, use "keyboard-translate". See question 126 for usage |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3003 details. To do this for an entire site, you should swap the keys in |
24073 | 3004 lisp/site-start.el. See question 122 for an explanation of why |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3005 lisp/default.el should not be used. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3006 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3007 NOTE: * If you do this for an entire site, the users will be confused by |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3008 the disparity between what the documentation says and how Emacs |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3009 actually behaves. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3010 |
24073 | 3011 124: Why does the "Backspace" key invoke help? |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3012 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3013 The "Backspace" key (on most keyboards) generates ASCII code 8. `C-h' |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3014 sends the same code. In Emacs by default `C-h' invokes help-command. |
1736 | 3015 This is intended to be easy to remember since the first letter of "help" |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3016 is `h'. The easiest solution to this problem is to use `C-h' (and |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3017 Backspace) for help and DEL (the Delete key) for deleting the previous |
1736 | 3018 character. |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3019 |
1736 | 3020 For many people this solution may be problematic: |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3021 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3022 * They normally use Backspace outside of Emacs for deleting the previous |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3023 character. This can be solved by making DEL the command for deleting |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3024 the previous character outside of Emacs. On many Unix systems, this |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3025 command will remap DEL: |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3026 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3027 stty erase `^?' |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3028 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3029 * The person may prefer using the Backspace key for deleting the previous |
1736 | 3030 character because it is more conveniently located on their keyboard or |
3031 because they don't even have a separate Delete key. In this case, the | |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3032 Backspace key should be made to behave like Delete. There are several |
1736 | 3033 methods. |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3034 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3035 * Some terminals (e.g., VT3## terminals) allow the character generated by |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3036 the Backspace key to be changed from a setup menu. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3037 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3038 * You may be able to get a keyboard that is completely programmable. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3039 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3040 * Under X or on a dumb terminal, it is possible to swap the Backspace and |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3041 Delete keys inside Emacs: |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3042 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3043 (keyboard-translate ?\C-h ?\C-?) |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3044 |
24073 | 3045 See question 126 for further details of "keyboard-translate". |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3046 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3047 * Another approach is to switch key bindings and put help on "C-x h" |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3048 instead: |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3049 |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3050 (global-set-key "\C-h" 'delete-backward-char) |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3051 (global-set-key "\C-xh" 'help-command) ;; overrides mark-whole-buffer |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3052 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3053 Other popular key bindings for help are M-? and "C-x ?". |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3054 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3055 NOTE: * Don't try to bind DEL to help-command, because there are many |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3056 modes that have local bindings of DEL that will interfere. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3057 |
24073 | 3058 125: Why doesn't Emacs look at the stty settings for Backspace vs. Delete? |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3059 |
1736 | 3060 Good question! |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3061 |
24073 | 3062 126: How do I "swap" two keys? |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3063 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3064 In Emacs 19, you can swap two keys (or key sequences) by using the |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3065 "keyboard-translate" function. For example, to turn `C-h' into DEL and |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3066 DEL to `C-h', use |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3067 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3068 (keyboard-translate ?\C-h ?\C-?) ; translate `C-h' to DEL |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3069 (keyboard-translate ?\C-? ?\C-h) ; translate DEL to `C-h'. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3070 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3071 The first key sequence of the pair after the function identifies what is |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3072 produced by the keyboard; the second, what is matched for in the keymaps. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3073 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3074 Keyboard translations are not the same as key bindings in keymaps. Emacs |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3075 contains numerous keymaps that apply in different situations, but there |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3076 is only one set of keyboard translations, and it applies to every |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3077 character that Emacs reads from the terminal. Keyboard translations take |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3078 place at the lowest level of input processing; the keys that are looked |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3079 up in keymaps contain the characters that result from keyboard |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3080 translation. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3081 |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3082 Also see "Keyboard Translations" in the on-line manual. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3083 |
24073 | 3084 127: How do I produce C-XXX with my keyboard? |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3085 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3086 On terminals (but not under X), some common "aliases" are: |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3087 |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3088 C-2 or C-SPC for C-@ |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3089 C-6 for C-^ |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3090 C-7 or C-S-- for C-_ |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3091 C-4 for C-\ |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3092 C-5 for C-] |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3093 C-/ for C-? |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3094 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3095 Often other aliases exist; use the "C-h c" command and try `CTRL' with |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3096 all of the digits on your keyboard to see what gets generated. You can |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3097 also try the "C-h w" command if you know the name of the command. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3098 |
24073 | 3099 128: What if I don't have a Meta key? |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3100 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3101 Instead of typing "M-a", you can type "ESC a". In fact, Emacs converts |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3102 M-a internally into "ESC a" anyway (depending on the value of |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3103 meta-prefix-char). Note that you press "Meta" and `a' together, while |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3104 you press `ESC', release it, and then press `a'. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3105 |
24073 | 3106 129: What if I don't have an Escape key? |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3107 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3108 Type `C-[' instead. This should send ASCII code 27 just like an Escape |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3109 key would. `C-3' may also work on some terminal (but not under X). For |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3110 many terminals (notably DEC terminals) `F11' generates ESC. If not, the |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3111 following form can be used to bind it: |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3112 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3113 (define-key function-key-map [f11] [?\e]) ; F11 is the documented ESC |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3114 ; replacement on DEC terminals. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3115 |
24073 | 3116 130: Can I make my "Compose Character" key behave like a Meta key? |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3117 |
597 | 3118 On a dumb terminal such as a VT220, no. It is rumored that certain VT220 |
1736 | 3119 clones could have their Compose key configured this way. If you're using |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3120 X, you might be able to do this with the "xmodmap" program. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3121 |
24073 | 3122 131: How do I bind a combination of modifier key and function key? |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3123 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3124 With Emacs 19 you can represent modified function keys in vector format |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3125 by adding prefixes to the function key symbol. For example (from the |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3126 on-line documentation): |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3127 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3128 (global-set-key [?\C-x right] 'forward-page) |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3129 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3130 where "?\C-x" is the Lisp character constant for the character "C-x". |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3131 |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3132 You can use the modifier keys Control, Meta, Hyper, Super, Alt, and Shift |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3133 with function keys. To represent these modifiers, prepend the strings |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3134 "C-", "M-", "H-", "s-", "A-", and "S-" to the symbol name. Here is how |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3135 to make "Hyper-Meta-RIGHT" move forward a word: |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3136 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3137 (global-set-key [H-M-right] 'forward-word) |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3138 |
24074 | 3139 In recent Emacs versions this may also be written as: |
3140 | |
3141 (global-set-key [(hyper meta right)] 'forward-word) | |
3142 | |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3143 NOTE: * Not all modifiers are permitted in all situations. Hyper, Super, |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3144 and Alt are available only under X (provided there are such |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3145 keys). Non-ASCII keys and mouse events (e.g. "C-=" and |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3146 "mouse-1") also fall under this category. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3147 |
24073 | 3148 See question 116 for general key binding instructions. |
3149 | |
3150 132: Why doesn't my Meta key work in an xterm window? | |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3151 |
597 | 3152 Try all of these methods before asking for further help: |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3153 |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3154 * You may have big problems using "mwm" as your window manager. {Does |
1736 | 3155 anyone know a good generic solution to allow the use of the Meta key in |
3156 Emacs with mwm?} | |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3157 |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3158 * For X11: Make sure it really is a Meta key. Use "xev" to find out what |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3159 keysym your Meta key generates. It should be either Meta_L or Meta_R. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3160 If it isn't, use xmodmap to fix the situation. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3161 |
597 | 3162 * Make sure the pty the xterm is using is passing 8 bit characters. |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3163 "stty -a" (or "stty everything") should show "cs8" somewhere. If it |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3164 shows "cs7" instead, use "stty cs8 -istrip" (or "stty pass8") to fix |
597 | 3165 it. |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3166 |
597 | 3167 * If there is an rlogin connection between the xterm and the Emacs, the |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3168 "-8" argument may need to be given to rlogin to make it pass all 8 bits |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3169 of every character. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3170 |
1736 | 3171 * If the Emacs is running under Ultrix, it is reported that evaluating |
3172 (set-input-mode t nil) helps. | |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3173 |
597 | 3174 * If all else fails, you can make xterm generate "ESC W" when you type |
3175 M-W, which is the same conversion Emacs would make if it got the M-W | |
3176 anyway. In X11R4, the following resource specification will do this: | |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3177 |
597 | 3178 XTerm.VT100.EightBitInput: false |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3179 |
597 | 3180 (This changes the behavior of the insert-eight-bit action.) |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3181 |
597 | 3182 With older xterms, you can specify this behavior with a translation: |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3183 |
597 | 3184 XTerm.VT100.Translations: #override \ |
3185 Meta<KeyPress>: string(0x1b) insert() | |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3186 |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3187 You might have to replace "Meta" with "Alt". |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3188 |
24073 | 3189 133: Why doesn't my ExtendChar key work as a Meta key under HP-UX 8.0 |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3190 and 9.x? |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3191 |
597 | 3192 This is a result of an internationalization extension in X11R4 and the |
3193 fact that HP is now using this extension. Emacs assumes that | |
3194 XLookupString returns the same result regardless of the Meta key state | |
3195 which is no longer necessarily true. Until Emacs is fixed, the temporary | |
3196 kludge is to run this command after each time the X server is started but | |
3197 preferably before any xterm clients are: | |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3198 |
597 | 3199 xmodmap -e 'remove mod1 = Mode_switch' |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3200 |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3201 NOTE: This will disable the use of the extra keysyms systemwide, which |
597 | 3202 may be undesirable if you actually intend to use them. |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3203 |
1736 | 3204 |
3205 Using Emacs with Alternate Character Sets | |
3206 | |
24073 | 3207 134: How do I make Emacs display 8-bit characters? |
3208 | |
24074 | 3209 Emacs 19 introduced built-in support for 8-bit characters. Emacs 20 can |
3210 operate similarly in Unibyte mode or else in Multibyte mode. See the | |
3211 "International" node in the online manual, specifically "Single-Byte | |
3212 European Support". | |
24073 | 3213 |
3214 135: How do I input 8-bit characters? | |
3215 | |
24074 | 3216 Again, see the "International" node of the on-line manual. |
24073 | 3217 |
3218 136: Where can I get an Emacs that handles kanji, Chinese, or other | |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3219 character sets? |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3220 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3221 Emacs 20 now includes many of the features of MULE, the Multilingual |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3222 Enhancement of Emacs. See question 84 for information on where to find |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3223 and download Emacs. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3224 |
24073 | 3225 137: Where is an Emacs that can handle Semitic (right-to-left) alphabets? |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3226 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3227 Emacs 20 supports Hebrew characters (ISO 8859-8), but does not yet |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3228 support right-to-left character entry. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3229 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3230 Joel M. Hoffman <joel@exc.com> has written a Lisp package called |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3231 hebrew.el that allows right-to-left editing of Hebrew. It reportedly |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3232 works out of the box with Emacs 19, but requires patches for Emacs 18. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3233 Write to Joel if you want the patches or package. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3234 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3235 Hebrew.el requires a Hebrew screen font, but no other Hardware support. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3236 Joel has a screen font for PCs running MS-DOS and Linux. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3237 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3238 You might also try to query archie for files named with "hebrew"; several |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3239 ftp sites in Israel may also have the necessary files. |
134 | 3240 |
597 | 3241 |
1736 | 3242 Mail and News |
134 | 3243 |
24073 | 3244 138: How do I change the included text prefix in mail/news followups? |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3245 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3246 If you read mail with Rmail or news with Gnus, set the variable |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3247 mail-yank-prefix. For VM, set vm-included-text-prefix. For mh-e, set |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3248 mh-ins-buf-prefix. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3249 |
24073 | 3250 For fancier control of citations, use Supercite. See question 105. |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3251 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3252 To prevent Emacs from including various headers of the replied-to |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3253 message, set the value of mail-yank-ignored-headers to an appropriate |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3254 regexp. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3255 |
24073 | 3256 139: How do I save a copy of outgoing mail? |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3257 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3258 You can either mail yourself a copy by including a "BCC:" header in the |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3259 mail message, or store a copy of the message directly to a file by |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3260 including an "FCC:" header. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3261 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3262 If you use standard mail, you can automatically create a "BCC:" to |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3263 yourself by putting |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3264 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3265 (setq mail-self-blind t) |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3266 |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3267 in your .emacs file. You can automatically include an "FCC:" field by |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3268 putting something like the following in your .emacs file: |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3269 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3270 (setq mail-archive-file-name (expand-file-name "~/outgoing")) |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3271 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3272 The output file will be in Unix mail format, which can be read directly |
24073 | 3273 by VM, but not always by Rmail. See question 141. |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3274 |
24074 | 3275 For Gnus, see the `Archived Messages node of the Gnus manual. |
3276 | |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3277 If you use mh-e, add an "FCC:" or "BCC:" field to your components file. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3278 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3279 It does not work to put "set record filename" in the .mailrc file. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3280 |
24073 | 3281 140: Why doesn't Emacs expand my aliases when sending mail? |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3282 |
1736 | 3283 * You must separate multiple addresses in the headers of the mail buffer |
597 | 3284 with commas. This is because Emacs supports RFC822 standard addresses |
3285 like this one: | |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3286 |
1736 | 3287 To: Willy Smith <wks@xpnsv.lwyrs.com> |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3288 |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3289 However, you do not need to -- and probably should not, unless your |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3290 system's version of /usr/ucb/mail (aka mailx) supports RFC822 -- |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3291 separate addresses with commas in your ~/.mailrc file. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3292 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3293 * Emacs normally only reads the ".mailrc" file once per session, when you |
597 | 3294 start to compose your first mail message. If you edit .mailrc, you can |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3295 type "M-x rebuild-mail-abbrevs RET" to make Emacs reread your ~/.mailrc |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3296 file. |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3297 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3298 * If you like, you can expand mail aliases as abbrevs, as soon as you |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3299 type them in. To enable this feature, execute the following: |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3300 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3301 (add-hook 'mail-setup-hook 'mail-abbrevs-setup) |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3302 |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3303 Note that the aliases are expanded automatically only after you type |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3304 RET or a punctuation character (e.g. `,'). You can force their |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3305 expansion by moving point to the end of the alias and typing "C-x a e" |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3306 (M-x expand-abbrev). |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3307 |
24073 | 3308 141: Why does Rmail think all my saved messages are one big message? |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3309 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3310 A file created through the FCC: field in a message is in Unix mail |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3311 format, not the format that Rmail uses (BABYL format). Rmail will try to |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3312 convert a Unix mail file into BABYL format on input, but sometimes it |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3313 makes errors. For guaranteed safety, you can make the saved-messages |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3314 file be an inbox for your Rmail file by using the function |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3315 set-rmail-inbox-list. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3316 |
24073 | 3317 142: How can I sort the messages in my Rmail folder? |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3318 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3319 In Rmail, type "C-c C-s C-h" to get a list of sorting functions and their |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3320 key bindings. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3321 |
24073 | 3322 143: Why does Rmail need to write to /usr/spool/mail? |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3323 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3324 This is the behavior of the "movemail" program which Rmail uses. This |
1736 | 3325 indicates that movemail is configured to use lock files. |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3326 |
1736 | 3327 RMS writes: |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3328 |
1736 | 3329 Certain systems require lock files to interlock access to mail files. |
3330 On these systems, movemail must write lock files, or you risk losing | |
3331 mail. You simply must arrange to let movemail write them. | |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3332 |
1736 | 3333 Other systems use the flock system call to interlock access. On these |
3334 systems, you should configure movemail to use flock. | |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3335 |
24073 | 3336 144: How do I recover my mail files after Rmail munges their format? |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3337 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3338 If you have just done rmail-input on a file and you don't want to save it |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3339 in Rmail's format (called BABYL), just kill the buffer (with C-x k). |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3340 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3341 If you typed M-x rmail and it read some messages out of your inbox and |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3342 you want to put them in a Unix mail file, use C-o on each message. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3343 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3344 If you want to convert an existing file from BABYL format to Unix mail |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3345 format, use the command M-x unrmail: it will prompt you for the input and |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3346 output file names. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3347 |
24073 | 3348 145: How can I force Rmail to reply to the sender of a message, but not the |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3349 other recipients? |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3350 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3351 Ron Isaacson <isaacson@seas.upenn.edu> says: When you hit "r" to reply in |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3352 Rmail, by default it CCs all of the original recipients (everyone on the |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3353 original "To" and "CC" lists). With a prefix argument (i.e., typing "C-u" |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3354 before "r"), it replies only to the sender. However, going through the |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3355 whole C-u business every time you want to reply is a pain. This is the |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3356 best fix I've been able to come up with: |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3357 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3358 (defun rmail-reply-t () |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3359 "Reply only to the sender of the current message. (See rmail-reply.)" |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3360 (interactive) |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3361 (rmail-reply t)) |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3362 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3363 (add-hook 'rmail-mode-hook |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3364 '(lambda () |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3365 (define-key rmail-mode-map "r" 'rmail-reply-t) |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3366 (define-key rmail-mode-map "R" 'rmail-reply))) |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3367 |
24073 | 3368 146: How can I get my favorite Emacs mail package to support MIME? |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3369 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3370 Look at the Emacs MIME FAQ, maintained by MacDonald Hall Jackson |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3371 <trey@cs.berkeley.edu> at |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3372 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3373 http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/~trey/emacs/mime.html |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3374 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3375 Version 6.x of VM supports MIME. See question 104. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3376 |
24074 | 3377 MIME support has been added in the development version of Gnus which will |
3378 be included with a future version of Emacs. | |
3379 | |
24073 | 3380 147: How do I make Emacs automatically start my mail/news reader? |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3381 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3382 To start Emacs in Gnus: |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3383 |
1736 | 3384 emacs -f gnus |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3385 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3386 in Rmail: |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3387 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3388 emacs -f rmail |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3389 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3390 A more convenient way to start with Gnus: |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3391 |
1736 | 3392 alias gnus 'emacs -f gnus' |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3393 gnus |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3394 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3395 It is probably unwise to automatically start your mail or news reader |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3396 from your .emacs file. This would cause problems if you needed to run |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3397 two copies of Emacs at one time. Also, this would make it difficult for |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3398 you to start Emacs quickly when you needed to. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3399 |
24073 | 3400 148: How do I read news under Emacs? |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3401 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3402 Use M-x gnus. It is documented in Info (see question 14). |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3403 |
24073 | 3404 149: Why doesn't Gnus work via NNTP? |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3405 |
1736 | 3406 There is a bug in NNTP version 1.5.10, such that when multiple requests |
3407 are sent to the NNTP server, the server only handles the first one before | |
3408 blocking waiting for more input which never comes. NNTP version 1.5.11 | |
3409 claims to fix this. | |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3410 |
1736 | 3411 You can work around the bug inside Emacs like this: |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3412 |
1736 | 3413 (setq nntp-maximum-request 1) |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3414 |
1736 | 3415 You can find out what version of NNTP your news server is running by |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3416 telnetting to the NNTP port (usually 119) on the news server machine |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3417 (i.e., "telnet server-machine 119"). The server should give its version |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3418 number in the welcome message. Type "quit" to get out. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3419 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3420 Also see question 75 in this FAQ for some additional ideas. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3421 |
24073 | 3422 150: How do I view news articles with embedded underlining (e.g., |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3423 ClariNews)? |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3424 |
1736 | 3425 Underlining appears like this: |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3426 |
1736 | 3427 _^Hu_^Hn_^Hd_^He_^Hr_^Hl_^Hi_^Hn_^Hi_^Hn_^Hg |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3428 |
24074 | 3429 Use Gnus' "Overstrike" function from the Article -> Washing menu (or type |
3430 "W o"). You can do this for all articles with: | |
3431 | |
3432 (add-hook 'gnus-article-prepare-hook 'gnus-article-treat-overstrike) | |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3433 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3434 If you prefer to do away with underlining altogether, you can |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3435 destructively remove it with M-x ununderline-region; do this |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3436 automatically via |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3437 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3438 (add-hook 'gnus-article-prepare-hook |
24074 | 3439 (lambda () (ununderline-region (point-min) (point-max)))) |
3440 | |
3441 See the Gnus manual for more information about this and similar methods | |
3442 for treating article contents. | |
24073 | 3443 |
3444 151: How do I save all the items of a multi-part posting in Gnus? | |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3445 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3446 Use gnus-uu. Type C-c C-v C-h in the Gnus summary buffer to see a list |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3447 of available commands. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3448 |
24073 | 3449 152: How do I make Gnus start up faster? |
3450 | |
3451 From the Gnus FAQ (see question 158): | |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3452 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3453 Pranav Kumar Tiwari <pktiwari@eos.ncsu.edu> writes: I posted the same |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3454 query recently and I got an answer to it. I am going to repeat the |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3455 answer. What you need is a newer version of gnus, version 5.0.4+. I am |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3456 using 5.0.12 and it works fine with me with the following settings: |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3457 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3458 (setq gnus-check-new-newsgroups nil |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3459 gnus-read-active-file 'some |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3460 gnus-nov-is-evil nil |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3461 gnus-select-method '(nntp gnus-nntp-server)) |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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23406
diff
changeset
|
3462 |
24073 | 3463 153: How do I catch up all newsgroups in Gnus? |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3464 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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23406
diff
changeset
|
3465 In the "*Newsgroup*" buffer, type the following magical incantation: |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3466 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3467 M-< C-x ( c y C-x ) M-0 C-x e |
11822
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New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
3468 |
1736 | 3469 Leave off the "M-<" if you only want to catch up from point to the end of |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3470 the "*Newsgroup" buffer. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
23406
diff
changeset
|
3471 |
24073 | 3472 154: Why can't I kill in Gnus based on the Newsgroups/Keywords/Control |
23872
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
3473 headers? |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3474 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3475 Gnus will complain that the "Newsgroups:", "Keywords:", and "Control:" |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3476 headers are "Unknown header" fields. |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3477 |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3478 For the "Newsgroups:" header, there is an easy workaround: kill on the |
546acc9b5282
Somewhat edited copy of the most recently posted version.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3479 "Xref" header instead, which will be present on any cross-posted article |
11822
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New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
3480 (as long as your site carries the cross-post group). |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3481 |
1736 | 3482 If you really want to kill on one of these headers, you can do it like |
3483 this: | |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3484 |
1736 | 3485 (gnus-kill nil "^Newsgroups: .*\\(bad\\.group\\|worse\\.group\\)") |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3486 |
24073 | 3487 155: How do I get rid of flashing messages in Gnus for slow connections? |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3488 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3489 Set nntp-debug-read to nil. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3490 |
24073 | 3491 156: Why is catch up slow in Gnus? |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3492 |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3493 Because Gnus is marking crosspostings read. You can control this with |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3494 the variable gnus-use-cross-reference. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3495 |
24073 | 3496 157: Why does Gnus hang for a long time when posting? |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3497 |
1736 | 3498 David Lawrence <tale@uunet.uu.net> explains: |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3499 |
1736 | 3500 The problem is almost always interaction between NNTP and C News. NNTP |
11822
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3501 POST asks C News's inews to not background itself but rather hang |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3502 around and give its exit status so it knows whether the post was |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3503 successful. (That wait will on some systems not return the exit status |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3504 of the waited for job is a different sort of problem.) It ends up |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3505 taking a long time because inews is calling relaynews, which often |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3506 waits for another relaynews to free the lock on the news system so it |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3507 can file the article. |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3508 |
1736 | 3509 My preferred solution is to change inews to not call relaynews, but |
11822
b097ca448b38
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
8958
diff
changeset
|
3510 rather use newsspool. This loses some error-catching functionality, |
b097ca448b38
New version for Emacs 19.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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3511 but is for the most part safe as inews will detect a lot of the errors |
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3512 on its own. The C News folks have sped up inews, too, so speed should |
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3513 look better to most folks as that update propagates around. |
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3514 |
24073 | 3515 158: Where can I find out more about Gnus? |
3516 | |
24074 | 3517 Visit http://www.gnus.org/, which has a pointer to the current Gnus FAQ and |
3518 more information. The relevant newsgroup is gnu.emacs.gnus. | |
11822
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3519 |
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3520 ------------------------------------------------------------ |
24074 | 3521 Modified, with permission, for the Emacs 20.4 distribution by Dave Love. |
3522 | |
23872
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3523 Copyright 1994-1998 Reuven M. Lerner |
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3524 Copyright 1992-1993 Steven Byrnes |
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3525 Copyright 1990-1992 Joseph Brian Wells |
1736 | 3526 |
3527 This list of frequently asked questions about GNU Emacs with answers | |
3528 ("FAQ") may be translated into other languages, transformed into other | |
11822
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3529 formats (e.g. Texinfo, Info, WWW, WAIS), and updated with new information. |
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3530 |
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3531 The same conditions apply to any derivative of the FAQ as apply to the FAQ |
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3532 itself. Every copy of the FAQ must include this notice or an approved |
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3533 translation, information on who is currently maintaining the FAQ and how to |
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3534 contact them (including their e-mail address), and information on where the |
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3535 latest version of the FAQ is archived (including FTP information). |
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3536 |
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3537 The FAQ may be copied and redistributed under these conditions, except that |
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3538 the FAQ may not be embedded in a larger literary work unless that work |
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3539 itself allows free copying and redistribution. |
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3540 |
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3541 ------------------------------------------------------------ |
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3542 |
23872
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3543 People who helped with this version of the FAQ: |
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3544 |
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3545 Ethan Bradford <ethanb@u.washington.edu>, William G. Dubuque |
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3546 <wgd@martigny.ai.mit.edu>, Michael Ernst <mernst@theory.lcs.mit.edu>, |
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3547 and Denby Wong <3dw16@qlink.QueensU.CA>. |