annotate man/emacs.texi @ 40189:3575d8b5c9d6

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author Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
date Mon, 22 Oct 2001 16:14:11 +0000
parents 29644872e1e4
children 9062bc5cc660
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1 \input texinfo
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2
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3 @setchapternewpage odd
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4 @settitle GNU Emacs Manual
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5 @setfilename ../info/emacs
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6 @defcodeindex op
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7 @synindex pg cp
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8
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9 @c The edition number appears in several places in this file
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10 @set EDITION Fourteenth
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11 @set EMACSVER 21.1.50
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12
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13 @ifnottex
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14 This is the @value{EDITION} edition of the @cite{GNU Emacs Manual},
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15 updated for Emacs version @value{EMACSVER}.
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16
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17 @dircategory Emacs
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18 @direntry
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19 * Emacs: (emacs). The extensible self-documenting text editor.
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20 @end direntry
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21
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22 Published by the Free Software Foundation
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23 59 Temple Place, Suite 330
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24 Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
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25
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26 Copyright (C) 1985, 1986,1987,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001
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27 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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28
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29 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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30 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
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31 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
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32 Invariant Sections being ``The GNU Manifesto'', ``Distribution'' and
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33 ``GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE'', with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU
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34 Manual,'' and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the
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35 license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation
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36 License.''
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37
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38 (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify
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39 this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free
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40 Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.''
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41 @end ifnottex
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42
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43 @c in general, keep the following line commented out, unless doing a
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44 @c copy of this manual that will be published. the manual should go
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45 @c onto the distribution in the full, 8.5 x 11" size.
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46
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47 @c @smallbook
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48
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49 @iftex
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50 @kbdinputstyle code
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51
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52 @shorttitlepage GNU Emacs Manual
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53 @end iftex
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54 @titlepage
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55 @sp 6
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56 @center @titlefont{GNU Emacs Manual}
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57 @sp 4
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58 @center @value{EDITION} Edition, Updated for Emacs Version @value{EMACSVER}.
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59 @sp 5
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60 @center Richard Stallman
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61 @page
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62 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll
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63 Copyright @copyright{} 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001
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64 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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65 @sp 2
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66 @value{EDITION} Edition @*
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67 Updated for Emacs Version @value{EMACSVER}, @*
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68 August 2000
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69
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70 ISBN 1-882114-06-X
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71 @sp 1
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72 Published by the Free Software Foundation @*
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73 59 Temple Place, Suite 330 @*
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74 Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
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75 @sp 1
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76 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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77 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
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78 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
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79 Invariant Sections being ``The GNU Manifesto'', ``Distribution'' and
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80 ``GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE'', with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU
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81 Manual,'' and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the
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82 license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation
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83 License.''
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84
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85 (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify
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86 this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free
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87 Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.''
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88
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89 @sp 2
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90 Cover art by Etienne Suvasa.
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91
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92 @end titlepage
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93 @page
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94 @ifnottex
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95 @node Top, Distrib, (dir), (dir)
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96 @top The Emacs Editor
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97
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98 Emacs is the extensible, customizable, self-documenting real-time
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99 display editor. This Info file describes how to edit with Emacs and
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100 some of how to customize it; it corresponds to GNU Emacs version
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101 @value{EMACSVER}.
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102 For information on extending Emacs, see @ref{,Emacs Lisp,, elisp, The
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103 Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
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104 @end ifnottex
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105
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106 @ignore
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107 These subcategories have been deleted for simplicity
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108 and to avoid conflicts.
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109 Completion
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110 Backup Files
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111 Auto-Saving: Protection Against Disasters
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112 Snapshots
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113 Text Mode
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114 Outline Mode
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115 @TeX{} Mode
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116 Formatted Text
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117 Fortran Mode
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118 Fortran Indentation
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119 Shell Command History
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120
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121 The ones for Dired and Rmail have had the items turned into :: items
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122 to avoid conflicts.
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123 Also Running Shell Commands from Emacs
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124 and Sending Mail and Registers and Minibuffer.
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125 @end ignore
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126
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127 @menu
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128 * Distrib:: How to get the latest Emacs distribution.
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129 * Copying:: The GNU General Public License gives you permission
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130 to redistribute GNU Emacs on certain terms;
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131 it also explains that there is no warranty.
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132 * GNU Free Documentation License:: The license for this documentation.
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133 * Intro:: An introduction to Emacs concepts.
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134 * Glossary:: The glossary.
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135 * Antinews:: Information about Emacs version 20.
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136 * Mac OS:: Using Emacs in the Mac.
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137 * MS-DOS:: Using Emacs on MS-DOS (otherwise known as "MS-DOG").
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138 * Manifesto:: What's GNU? Gnu's Not Unix!
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139 * Acknowledgments:: Major contributors to GNU Emacs.
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140
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141 Indexes (nodes containing large menus)
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142 * Key Index:: An item for each standard Emacs key sequence.
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143 * Command Index:: An item for each command name.
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144 * Variable Index:: An item for each documented variable.
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145 * Concept Index:: An item for each concept.
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146 @c This is last because @ifnottex leaves an empty line.
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147 @ifnottex
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148 * Option Index:: An item for every command-line option.
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149 @end ifnottex
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150
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151 Important General Concepts
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152 * Screen:: How to interpret what you see on the screen.
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153 * User Input:: Kinds of input events (characters, buttons,
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154 function keys).
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155 * Keys:: Key sequences: what you type to request one
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156 editing action.
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157 * Commands:: Named functions run by key sequences to do editing.
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158 * Text Characters:: Character set for text (the contents of buffers
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159 and strings).
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160 * Entering Emacs:: Starting Emacs from the shell.
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161 * Exiting:: Stopping or killing Emacs.
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162 * Command Arguments:: Hairy startup options.
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163
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164 Fundamental Editing Commands
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165 * Basic:: The most basic editing commands.
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166 * Minibuffer:: Entering arguments that are prompted for.
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167 * M-x:: Invoking commands by their names.
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168 * Help:: Commands for asking Emacs about its commands.
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169
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170 Important Text-Changing Commands
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171 * Mark:: The mark: how to delimit a ``region'' of text.
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172 * Killing:: Killing text.
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173 * Yanking:: Recovering killed text. Moving text.
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174 * Accumulating Text:: Other ways of copying text.
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175 * Rectangles:: Operating on the text inside a rectangle on the screen.
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176 * Registers:: Saving a text string or a location in the buffer.
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177 * Display:: Controlling what text is displayed.
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178 * Search:: Finding or replacing occurrences of a string.
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179 * Fixit:: Commands especially useful for fixing typos.
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180
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181 Major Structures of Emacs
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182 * Files:: All about handling files.
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183 * Buffers:: Multiple buffers; editing several files at once.
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184 * Windows:: Viewing two pieces of text at once.
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185 * Frames:: Running the same Emacs session in multiple X windows.
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186 * International:: Using non-ASCII character sets (the MULE features).
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187
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188 Advanced Features
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189 * Major Modes:: Text mode vs. Lisp mode vs. C mode ...
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190 * Indentation:: Editing the white space at the beginnings of lines.
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191 * Text:: Commands and modes for editing English.
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192 * Programs:: Commands and modes for editing programs.
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193 * Building:: Compiling, running and debugging programs.
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194 * Maintaining:: Features for maintaining large programs.
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195 * Abbrevs:: How to define text abbreviations to reduce
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196 the number of characters you must type.
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197 * Picture:: Editing pictures made up of characters
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198 using the quarter-plane screen model.
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199 * Sending Mail:: Sending mail in Emacs.
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200 * Rmail:: Reading mail in Emacs.
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201 * Dired:: You can ``edit'' a directory to manage files in it.
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202 * Calendar/Diary:: The calendar and diary facilities.
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203 * Gnus:: How to read netnews with Emacs.
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204 * Shell:: Executing shell commands from Emacs.
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205 * Emacs Server:: Using Emacs as an editing server for @code{mail}, etc.
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206 * Hardcopy:: Printing buffers or regions.
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207 * PostScript:: Printing buffers or regions as PostScript.
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208 * PostScript Variables::
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209 Customizing the PostScript printing commands.
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210 * Sorting:: Sorting lines, paragraphs or pages within Emacs.
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211 * Narrowing:: Restricting display and editing to a portion
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212 of the buffer.
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213 * Two-Column:: Splitting apart columns to edit them
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214 in side-by-side windows.
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215 * Editing Binary Files::
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216 Using Hexl mode to edit binary files.
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217 * Saving Emacs Sessions::
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218 Saving Emacs state from one session to the next.
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219 * Recursive Edit:: A command can allow you to do editing
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220 "within the command". This is called a
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221 "recursive editing level".
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222 * Emulation:: Emulating some other editors with Emacs.
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223 * Hyperlinking:: Following links in buffers.
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224 * Dissociated Press:: Dissociating text for fun.
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225 * Amusements:: Various games and hacks.
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226 * Customization:: Modifying the behavior of Emacs.
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227
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228 Recovery from Problems
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229 * Quitting:: Quitting and aborting.
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230 * Lossage:: What to do if Emacs is hung or malfunctioning.
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231 * Bugs:: How and when to report a bug.
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232 * Contributing:: How to contribute improvements to Emacs.
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233 * Service:: How to get help for your own Emacs needs.
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234
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235 Here are some other nodes which are really inferiors of the ones
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236 already listed, mentioned here so you can get to them in one step:
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237
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238 --- The Detailed Node Listing ---
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239
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240 The Organization of the Screen
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241
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242 * Point:: The place in the text where editing commands operate.
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243 * Echo Area:: Short messages appear at the bottom of the screen.
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244 * Mode Line:: Interpreting the mode line.
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245 * Menu Bar:: How to use the menu bar.
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246
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247 Basic Editing Commands
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248
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249 * Inserting Text:: Inserting text by simply typing it.
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250 * Moving Point:: How to move the cursor to the place where you want to
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251 change something.
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252 * Erasing:: Deleting and killing text.
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253 * Undo:: Undoing recent changes in the text.
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254 * Files: Basic Files. Visiting, creating, and saving files.
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255 * Help: Basic Help. Asking what a character does.
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256 * Blank Lines:: Commands to make or delete blank lines.
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257 * Continuation Lines:: Lines too wide for the screen.
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258 * Position Info:: What page, line, row, or column is point on?
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259 * Arguments:: Numeric arguments for repeating a command.
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260
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261 The Minibuffer
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262
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263 * Minibuffer File:: Entering file names with the minibuffer.
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264 * Minibuffer Edit:: How to edit in the minibuffer.
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265 * Completion:: An abbreviation facility for minibuffer input.
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266 * Minibuffer History:: Reusing recent minibuffer arguments.
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267 * Repetition:: Re-executing commands that used the minibuffer.
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268
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269 Help
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270
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271 * Help Summary:: Brief list of all Help commands.
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272 * Key Help:: Asking what a key does in Emacs.
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273 * Name Help:: Asking about a command, variable or function name.
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274 * Apropos:: Asking what pertains to a given topic.
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275 * Library Keywords:: Finding Lisp libraries by keywords (topics).
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276 * Language Help:: Help relating to international language support.
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277 * Misc Help:: Other help commands.
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278
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279 The Mark and the Region
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280
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281 * Setting Mark:: Commands to set the mark.
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282 * Transient Mark:: How to make Emacs highlight the region--
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283 when there is one.
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284 * Using Region:: Summary of ways to operate on contents of the region.
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285 * Marking Objects:: Commands to put region around textual units.
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286 * Mark Ring:: Previous mark positions saved so you can go back there.
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287 * Global Mark Ring:: Previous mark positions in various buffers.
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288
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289 Deletion and Killing
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290
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291 * Deletion:: Commands for deleting small amounts of text and
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292 blank areas.
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293 * Killing by Lines:: How to kill entire lines of text at one time.
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294 * Other Kill Commands:: Commands to kill large regions of text and
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295 syntactic units such as words and sentences.
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296
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297 Yanking
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298
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299 * Kill Ring:: Where killed text is stored. Basic yanking.
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300 * Appending Kills:: Several kills in a row all yank together.
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301 * Earlier Kills:: Yanking something killed some time ago.
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302
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303 Registers
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304
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305 * RegPos:: Saving positions in registers.
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306 * RegText:: Saving text in registers.
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307 * RegRect:: Saving rectangles in registers.
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308 * RegConfig:: Saving window configurations in registers.
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309 * RegFiles:: File names in registers.
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310 * Bookmarks:: Bookmarks are like registers, but persistent.
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311
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312 Controlling the Display
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313
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314 * Scrolling:: Moving text up and down in a window.
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315 * Horizontal Scrolling:: Moving text left and right in a window.
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316 * Follow Mode:: Follow mode lets two windows scroll as one.
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317 * Selective Display:: Hiding lines with lots of indentation.
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318 * Optional Mode Line:: Optional mode line display features.
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319 * Text Display:: How text is normally displayed.
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320 * Display Custom:: Information on variables for customizing display.
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321
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322 Searching and Replacement
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323
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324 * Incremental Search:: Search happens as you type the string.
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325 * Nonincremental Search:: Specify entire string and then search.
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326 * Word Search:: Search for sequence of words.
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327 * Regexp Search:: Search for match for a regexp.
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328 * Regexps:: Syntax of regular expressions.
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329 * Search Case:: To ignore case while searching, or not.
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330 * Replace:: Search, and replace some or all matches.
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331 * Other Repeating Search:: Operating on all matches for some regexp.
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332
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333 Replacement Commands
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334
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335 * Unconditional Replace:: Replacing all matches for a string.
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336 * Regexp Replace:: Replacing all matches for a regexp.
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337 * Replacement and Case:: How replacements preserve case of letters.
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338 * Query Replace:: How to use querying.
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339
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340 Commands for Fixing Typos
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341
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342 * Kill Errors:: Commands to kill a batch of recently entered text.
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343 * Transpose:: Exchanging two characters, words, lines, lists...
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344 * Fixing Case:: Correcting case of last word entered.
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345 * Spelling:: Apply spelling checker to a word or a whole buffer.
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346
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347 File Handling
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348
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349 * File Names:: How to type and edit file-name arguments.
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350 * Visiting:: Visiting a file prepares Emacs to edit the file.
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351 * Saving:: Saving makes your changes permanent.
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352 * Reverting:: Reverting cancels all the changes not saved.
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353 * Auto Save:: Auto Save periodically protects against loss of data.
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354 * File Aliases:: Handling multiple names for one file.
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355 * Version Control:: Version control systems (RCS, CVS and SCCS).
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356 * Directories:: Creating, deleting, and listing file directories.
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357 * Comparing Files:: Finding where two files differ.
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358 * Misc File Ops:: Other things you can do on files.
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359 * Compressed Files:: Accessing compressed files.
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360 * Remote Files:: Accessing files on other sites.
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361 * Quoted File Names:: Quoting special characters in file names.
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362
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363 Saving Files
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364
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365 * Backup:: How Emacs saves the old version of your file.
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366 * Interlocking:: How Emacs protects against simultaneous editing
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367 of one file by two users.
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368
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369 Version Control
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370
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371 * Introduction to VC:: How version control works in general.
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372 * VC Mode Line:: How the mode line shows version control status.
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373 * Basic VC Editing:: How to edit a file under version control.
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374 * Old Versions:: Examining and comparing old versions.
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375 * Secondary VC Commands:: The commands used a little less frequently.
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376 * Branches:: Multiple lines of development.
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377 * Snapshots:: Sets of file versions treated as a unit.
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378 * Miscellaneous VC:: Various other commands and features of VC.
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379 * Customizing VC:: Variables that change VC's behavior.
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380
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381 Using Multiple Buffers
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382
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383 * Select Buffer:: Creating a new buffer or reselecting an old one.
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384 * List Buffers:: Getting a list of buffers that exist.
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385 * Misc Buffer:: Renaming; changing read-onliness; copying text.
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386 * Kill Buffer:: Killing buffers you no longer need.
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387 * Several Buffers:: How to go through the list of all buffers
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388 and operate variously on several of them.
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389 * Indirect Buffers:: An indirect buffer shares the text of another buffer.
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390
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391 Multiple Windows
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392
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393 * Basic Window:: Introduction to Emacs windows.
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394 * Split Window:: New windows are made by splitting existing windows.
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395 * Other Window:: Moving to another window or doing something to it.
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396 * Pop Up Window:: Finding a file or buffer in another window.
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397 * Force Same Window:: Forcing certain buffers to appear in the selected
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398 window rather than in another window.
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399 * Change Window:: Deleting windows and changing their sizes.
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400
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401 Frames and X Windows
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402
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403 * Mouse Commands:: Moving, cutting, and pasting, with the mouse.
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404 * Secondary Selection:: Cutting without altering point and mark.
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405 * Clipboard:: Using the clipboard for selections.
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406 * Mouse References:: Using the mouse to select an item from a list.
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407 * Menu Mouse Clicks:: Mouse clicks that bring up menus.
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408 * Mode Line Mouse:: Mouse clicks on the mode line.
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409 * Creating Frames:: Creating additional Emacs frames with various contents.
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410 * Frame Commands:: Iconifying, deleting, and switching frames.
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411 * Speedbar:: How to make and use a speedbar frame.
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412 * Multiple Displays:: How one Emacs job can talk to several displays.
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413 * Special Buffer Frames:: You can make certain buffers have their own frames.
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414 * Frame Parameters:: Changing the colors and other modes of frames.
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415 * Scroll Bars:: How to enable and disable scroll bars; how to use them.
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416 * Wheeled Mice:: Using mouse wheels for scrolling.
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417 * Menu Bars:: Enabling and disabling the menu bar.
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418 * Tool Bars:: Enabling and disabling the tool bar.
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419 * Dialog Boxes:: Controlling use of dialog boxes.
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420 * Faces:: How to change the display style using faces.
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421 * Font Lock:: Minor mode for syntactic highlighting using faces.
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422 * Highlight Changes:: Using colors to show where you changed the buffer.
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423 * Highlight Interactively:: Tell Emacs what text to highlight.
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424 * Trailing Whitespace:: Showing possibly-spurious trailing whitespace.
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425 * Tooltips:: Showing "tooltips", AKA "ballon help" for active text.
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426 * Mouse Avoidance:: Moving the mouse pointer out of the way.
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427 * Non-Window Terminals:: Multiple frames on terminals that show only one.
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428 * XTerm Mouse:: Using the mouse in an XTerm terminal emulator.
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429
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430 International Character Set Support
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431
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432 * International Chars:: Basic concepts of multibyte characters.
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433 * Enabling Multibyte:: Controlling whether to use multibyte characters.
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434 * Language Environments:: Setting things up for the language you use.
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435 * Input Methods:: Entering text characters not on your keyboard.
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436 * Select Input Method:: Specifying your choice of input methods.
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437 * Coding Systems:: Character set conversion when you read and
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438 write files, and so on.
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439 * Recognize Coding:: How Emacs figures out which conversion to use.
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440 * Specify Coding:: Various ways to choose which conversion to use.
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441 * Fontsets:: Fontsets are collections of fonts
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442 that cover the whole spectrum of characters.
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443 * Defining Fontsets:: Defining a new fontset.
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444 * Single-Byte Character Support::
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445 You can pick one European character set
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446 to use without multibyte characters.
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447
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448 Major Modes
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449
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450 * Choosing Modes:: How major modes are specified or chosen.
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451
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452 Indentation
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453
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454 * Indentation Commands:: Various commands and techniques for indentation.
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455 * Tab Stops:: You can set arbitrary "tab stops" and then
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456 indent to the next tab stop when you want to.
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457 * Just Spaces:: You can request indentation using just spaces.
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458
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459 Commands for Human Languages
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460
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461 * Words:: Moving over and killing words.
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462 * Sentences:: Moving over and killing sentences.
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463 * Paragraphs:: Moving over paragraphs.
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464 * Pages:: Moving over pages.
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465 * Filling:: Filling or justifying text.
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466 * Case:: Changing the case of text.
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467 * Text Mode:: The major modes for editing text files.
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468 * Outline Mode:: Editing outlines.
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469 * TeX Mode:: Editing input to the formatter TeX.
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470 * Nroff Mode:: Editing input to the formatter nroff.
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471 * Formatted Text:: Editing formatted text directly in WYSIWYG fashion.
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472
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473 Filling Text
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474
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475 * Auto Fill:: Auto Fill mode breaks long lines automatically.
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476 * Fill Commands:: Commands to refill paragraphs and center lines.
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477 * Fill Prefix:: Filling paragraphs that are indented
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478 or in a comment, etc.
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479 * Adaptive Fill:: How Emacs can determine the fill prefix automatically.
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480
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481 Editing Programs
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482
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483 * Program Modes:: Major modes for editing programs.
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484 * Defuns:: Commands to operate on major top-level parts
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485 of a program.
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486 * Program Indent:: Adjusting indentation to show the nesting.
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487 * Comments:: Inserting, killing, and aligning comments.
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488 * Parentheses:: Commands that operate on parentheses.
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489 * Documentation:: Getting documentation of functions you plan to call.
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490 * Hideshow:: Displaying blocks selectively.
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491 * Symbol Completion:: Completion on symbol names of your program or language.
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492 * Glasses:: Making identifiersLikeThis more readable.
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493 * Misc for Programs:: Other Emacs features useful for editing programs.
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494 * C Modes:: Special commands of C, C++, Objective-C,
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495 Java, and Pike modes.
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496 * Fortran:: Fortran mode and its special features.
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497 * Asm Mode:: Asm mode and its special features.
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498
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499 Top-Level Definitions, or Defuns
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500
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501 * Left Margin Paren:: An open-paren or similar opening delimiter
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502 starts a defun if it is at the left margin.
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503 * Moving by Defuns:: Commands to move over or mark a major definition.
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504 * Imenu:: Making buffer indexes as menus.
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505 * Which Function:: Which Function mode shows which function you are in.
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506
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507 Indentation for Programs
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508
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509 * Basic Indent:: Indenting a single line.
38199
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
510 * Multi-line Indent:: Commands to reindent many lines at once.
24093
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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511 * Lisp Indent:: Specifying how each Lisp function should be indented.
38199
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
512 * C Indent:: Extra features for indenting C and related modes.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
513 * Custom C Indent:: Controlling indentation style for C and related modes.
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
514
38199
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
515 Commands for Editing with Parentheses
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
516
38199
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
517 * Expressions:: Expressions with balanced parentheses.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
518 * Moving by Parens:: Commands for moving up, down and across
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
519 in the structure of parentheses.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
520 * Matching:: Insertion of a close-delimiter flashes matching open.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
521
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
522 Manipulating Comments
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
523
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
524 * Comment Commands:: Inserting, killing, and indenting comments.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
525 * Multi-Line Comments:: Commands for adding and editing multi-line comments.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
526 * Options for Comments::Customizing the comment features.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
527
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
528 Documentation Lookup
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
529
38199
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
530 * Info Lookup:: Looking up library functions and commands
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
531 in Info files.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
532 * Man Page:: Looking up man pages of library functions and commands.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
533 * Lisp Doc:: Looking up Emacs Lisp functions, etc.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
534
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
535 C and Related Modes
24093
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
536
38199
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
537 * Motion in C:: Commands to move by C statements, etc.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
538 * Electric C:: Colon and other chars can automatically reindent.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
539 * Hungry Delete:: A more powerful DEL command.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
540 * Other C Commands:: Filling comments, viewing expansion of macros,
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
541 and other neat features.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
542 * Comments in C:: Options for customizing comment style.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
543
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
544 Fortran Mode
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
545
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
546 * Motion: Fortran Motion. Moving point by statements or subprograms.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
547 * Indent: Fortran Indent. Indentation commands for Fortran.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
548 * Comments: Fortran Comments. Inserting and aligning comments.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
549 * Autofill: Fortran Autofill. Auto fill minor mode for Fortran.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
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550 * Columns: Fortran Columns. Measuring columns for valid Fortran.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
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parents: 38131
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551 * Abbrev: Fortran Abbrev. Built-in abbrevs for Fortran keywords.
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parents:
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552
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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553 Compiling and Testing Programs
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
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554
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
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555 * Compilation:: Compiling programs in languages other
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
556 than Lisp (C, Pascal, etc.).
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
557 * Compilation Mode:: The mode for visiting compiler errors.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
558 * Compilation Shell:: Customizing your shell properly
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
559 for use in the compilation buffer.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
560 * Debuggers:: Running symbolic debuggers for non-Lisp programs.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
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561 * Executing Lisp:: Various modes for editing Lisp programs,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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562 with different facilities for running
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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563 the Lisp programs.
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parents:
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564 * Lisp Libraries:: Creating Lisp programs to run in Emacs.
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parents:
diff changeset
565 * Lisp Interaction:: Executing Lisp in an Emacs buffer.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
566 * Lisp Eval:: Executing a single Lisp expression in Emacs.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
567 * External Lisp:: Communicating through Emacs with a separate Lisp.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
568
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
569 Running Debuggers Under Emacs
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
570
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
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571 * Starting GUD:: How to start a debugger subprocess.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
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572 * Debugger Operation:: Connection between the debugger and source buffers.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
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573 * Commands of GUD:: Key bindings for common commands.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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574 * GUD Customization:: Defining your own commands for GUD.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
575
38199
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576 Maintaining Programs
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
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parents: 38131
diff changeset
577
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
578 * Change Log:: Maintaining a change history for your program.
39082
b2693c0914e4 Fix the AUTHORS menu item. Suggested by Eric Hanchrow <offby1@blarg.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39059
diff changeset
579 * Authors:: Maintaining the Emacs @file{AUTHORS} file.
38199
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
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parents: 38131
diff changeset
580 * Tags:: Go direct to any function in your program in one
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
581 command. Tags remembers which file it is in.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
582 * Emerge:: A convenient way of merging two versions of a program.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
583
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
584 Tags Tables
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
585
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
586 * Tag Syntax:: Tag syntax for various types of code and text files.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
587 * Create Tags Table:: Creating a tags table with @code{etags}.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
588 * Select Tags Table:: How to visit a tags table.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
589 * Find Tag:: Commands to find the definition of a specific tag.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
590 * Tags Search:: Using a tags table for searching and replacing.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
591 * List Tags:: Listing and finding tags defined in a file.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
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parents: 38131
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592
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
593 Merging Files with Emerge
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
594
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
595 * Overview of Emerge:: How to start Emerge. Basic concepts.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
596 * Submodes of Emerge:: Fast mode vs. Edit mode.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
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parents: 38131
diff changeset
597 Skip Prefers mode and Auto Advance mode.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
598 * State of Difference:: You do the merge by specifying state A or B
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
599 for each difference.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
600 * Merge Commands:: Commands for selecting a difference,
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
601 changing states of differences, etc.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
602 * Exiting Emerge:: What to do when you've finished the merge.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
603 * Combining in Emerge:: How to keep both alternatives for a difference.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
604 * Fine Points of Emerge:: Misc.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
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parents: 38131
diff changeset
605
24093
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606 Abbrevs
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
607
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
608 * Abbrev Concepts:: Fundamentals of defined abbrevs.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
609 * Defining Abbrevs:: Defining an abbrev, so it will expand when typed.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
610 * Expanding Abbrevs:: Controlling expansion: prefixes, canceling expansion.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
611 * Editing Abbrevs:: Viewing or editing the entire list of defined abbrevs.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
612 * Saving Abbrevs:: Saving the entire list of abbrevs for another session.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
613 * Dynamic Abbrevs:: Abbreviations for words already in the buffer.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
614
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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615 Editing Pictures
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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616
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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617 * Basic Picture:: Basic concepts and simple commands of Picture Mode.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
618 * Insert in Picture:: Controlling direction of cursor motion
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
619 after "self-inserting" characters.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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620 * Tabs in Picture:: Various features for tab stops and indentation.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
621 * Rectangles in Picture:: Clearing and superimposing rectangles.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
622
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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623 Sending Mail
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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624
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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625 * Mail Format:: Format of the mail being composed.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
626 * Mail Headers:: Details of permitted mail header fields.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
627 * Mail Aliases:: Abbreviating and grouping mail addresses.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
628 * Mail Mode:: Special commands for editing mail being composed.
36212
339b9d45f288 Distracting NSA => Mail Amusements.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36211
diff changeset
629 * Mail Amusements:: Distract the NSA's attention; add a fortune to a msg.
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
630 * Mail Methods:: Using alternative mail-composition methods.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
631
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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632 Reading Mail with Rmail
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
633
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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634 * Rmail Basics:: Basic concepts of Rmail, and simple use.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
635 * Rmail Scrolling:: Scrolling through a message.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
636 * Rmail Motion:: Moving to another message.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
637 * Rmail Deletion:: Deleting and expunging messages.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
638 * Rmail Inbox:: How mail gets into the Rmail file.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
639 * Rmail Files:: Using multiple Rmail files.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
640 * Rmail Output:: Copying message out to files.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
641 * Rmail Labels:: Classifying messages by labeling them.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
642 * Rmail Attributes:: Certain standard labels, called attributes.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
643 * Rmail Reply:: Sending replies to messages you are viewing.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
644 * Rmail Summary:: Summaries show brief info on many messages.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
645 * Rmail Sorting:: Sorting messages in Rmail.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
646 * Rmail Display:: How Rmail displays a message; customization.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
647 * Rmail Editing:: Editing message text and headers in Rmail.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
648 * Rmail Digest:: Extracting the messages from a digest message.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
649 * Out of Rmail:: Converting an Rmail file to mailbox format.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
650 * Rmail Rot13:: Reading messages encoded in the rot13 code.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
651 * Movemail:: More details of fetching new mail.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
652
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
653 Dired, the Directory Editor
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
654
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
655 * Dired Enter:: How to invoke Dired.
37993
1ff0891cec4c Change "Dired Commands" to "Dired Navigation". Move the general
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37844
diff changeset
656 * Dired Navigation:: How to move in the Dired buffer.
24093
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
657 * Dired Deletion:: Deleting files with Dired.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
658 * Flagging Many Files:: Flagging files based on their names.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
659 * Dired Visiting:: Other file operations through Dired.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
660 * Marks vs Flags:: Flagging for deletion vs marking.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
661 * Operating on Files:: How to copy, rename, print, compress, etc.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
662 either one file or several files.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
663 * Shell Commands in Dired:: Running a shell command on the marked files.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
664 * Transforming File Names:: Using patterns to rename multiple files.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
665 * Comparison in Dired:: Running `diff' by way of Dired.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
666 * Subdirectories in Dired:: Adding subdirectories to the Dired buffer.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
667 * Subdirectory Motion:: Moving across subdirectories, and up and down.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
668 * Hiding Subdirectories:: Making subdirectories visible or invisible.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
669 * Dired Updating:: Discarding lines for files of no interest.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
670 * Dired and Find:: Using `find' to choose the files for Dired.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
671
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
672 The Calendar and the Diary
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
673
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
674 * Calendar Motion:: Moving through the calendar; selecting a date.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
675 * Scroll Calendar:: Bringing earlier or later months onto the screen.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
676 * Counting Days:: How many days are there between two dates?
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
677 * General Calendar:: Exiting or recomputing the calendar.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
678 * LaTeX Calendar:: Print a calendar using LaTeX.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
679 * Holidays:: Displaying dates of holidays.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
680 * Sunrise/Sunset:: Displaying local times of sunrise and sunset.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
681 * Lunar Phases:: Displaying phases of the moon.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
682 * Other Calendars:: Converting dates to other calendar systems.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
683 * Diary:: Displaying events from your diary.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
684 * Appointments:: Reminders when it's time to do something.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
685 * Daylight Savings:: How to specify when daylight savings time is active.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
686
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
687 Movement in the Calendar
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
688
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
689 * Calendar Unit Motion:: Moving by days, weeks, months, and years.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
690 * Move to Beginning or End:: Moving to start/end of weeks, months, and years.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
691 * Specified Dates:: Moving to the current date or another
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
692 specific date.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
693
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
694 Conversion To and From Other Calendars
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
695
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
696 * Calendar Systems:: The calendars Emacs understands
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
697 (aside from Gregorian).
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
698 * To Other Calendar:: Converting the selected date to various calendars.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
699 * From Other Calendar:: Moving to a date specified in another calendar.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
700 * Mayan Calendar:: Moving to a date specified in a Mayan calendar.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
701
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
702 The Diary
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
703
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
704 * Diary Commands:: Viewing diary entries and associated calendar dates.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
705 * Format of Diary File:: Entering events in your diary.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
706 * Date Formats:: Various ways you can specify dates.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
707 * Adding to Diary:: Commands to create diary entries.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
708 * Special Diary Entries:: Anniversaries, blocks of dates, cyclic entries, etc.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
709
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
710 @sc{Gnus}
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
711
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
712 * Buffers of Gnus:: The group, summary, and article buffers.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
713 * Gnus Startup:: What you should know about starting Gnus.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
714 * Summary of Gnus:: A short description of the basic Gnus commands.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
715
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
716 Running Shell Commands from Emacs
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
717
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
718 * Single Shell:: How to run one shell command and return.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
719 * Interactive Shell:: Permanent shell taking input via Emacs.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
720 * Shell Mode:: Special Emacs commands used with permanent shell.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
721 * Shell History:: Repeating previous commands in a shell buffer.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
722 * Shell Options:: Options for customizing Shell mode.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
723 * Remote Host:: Connecting to another computer.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
724
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
725 Customization
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
726
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
727 * Minor Modes:: Each minor mode is one feature you can turn on
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
728 independently of any others.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
729 * Variables:: Many Emacs commands examine Emacs variables
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
730 to decide what to do; by setting variables,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
731 you can control their functioning.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
732 * Keyboard Macros:: A keyboard macro records a sequence of
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
733 keystrokes to be replayed with a single command.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
734 * Key Bindings:: The keymaps say what command each key runs.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
735 By changing them, you can "redefine keys".
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
736 * Keyboard Translations::
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
737 If your keyboard passes an undesired code
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
738 for a key, you can tell Emacs to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
739 substitute another code.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
740 * Syntax:: The syntax table controls how words and
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
741 expressions are parsed.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
742 * Init File:: How to write common customizations in the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
743 @file{.emacs} file.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
744
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
745 Variables
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
746
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
747 * Examining:: Examining or setting one variable's value.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
748 * Easy Customization::
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
749 Convenient and easy customization of variables.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
750 * Hooks:: Hook variables let you specify programs for parts
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
751 of Emacs to run on particular occasions.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
752 * Locals:: Per-buffer values of variables.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
753 * File Variables:: How files can specify variable values.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
754
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
755 Keyboard Macros
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
756
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
757 * Basic Kbd Macro:: Defining and running keyboard macros.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
758 * Save Kbd Macro:: Giving keyboard macros names; saving them in files.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
759 * Kbd Macro Query:: Making keyboard macros do different things each time.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
760
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
761 Customizing Key Bindings
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
762
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
763 * Keymaps:: Generalities. The global keymap.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
764 * Prefix Keymaps:: Keymaps for prefix keys.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
765 * Local Keymaps:: Major and minor modes have their own keymaps.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
766 * Minibuffer Maps:: The minibuffer uses its own local keymaps.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
767 * Rebinding:: How to redefine one key's meaning conveniently.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
768 * Init Rebinding:: Rebinding keys with your init file, @file{.emacs}.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
769 * Function Keys:: Rebinding terminal function keys.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
770 * Named ASCII Chars:: Distinguishing @key{TAB} from @kbd{C-i}, and so on.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
771 * Mouse Buttons:: Rebinding mouse buttons in Emacs.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
772 * Disabling:: Disabling a command means confirmation is required
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
773 before it can be executed. This is done to protect
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
774 beginners from surprises.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
775
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
776 The Init File, @file{~/.emacs}
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
777
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
778 * Init Syntax:: Syntax of constants in Emacs Lisp.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
779 * Init Examples:: How to do some things with an init file.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
780 * Terminal Init:: Each terminal type can have an init file.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
781 * Find Init:: How Emacs finds the init file.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
782
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
783 Dealing with Emacs Trouble
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
784
38767
5889c45fd6ad Change the name of the "DEL Doesn't Delete" node to "DEL Does Not Delete",
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38400
diff changeset
785 * DEL Does Not Delete:: What to do if @key{DEL} doesn't delete.
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
786 * Stuck Recursive:: `[...]' in mode line around the parentheses.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
787 * Screen Garbled:: Garbage on the screen.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
788 * Text Garbled:: Garbage in the text.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
789 * Unasked-for Search:: Spontaneous entry to incremental search.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
790 * Memory Full:: How to cope when you run out of memory.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
791 * Emergency Escape:: Emergency escape---
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
792 What to do if Emacs stops responding.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
793 * Total Frustration:: When you are at your wits' end.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
794
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
795 Reporting Bugs
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
796
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
797 * Criteria: Bug Criteria. Have you really found a bug?
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
798 * Understanding Bug Reporting:: How to report a bug effectively.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
799 * Checklist:: Steps to follow for a good bug report.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
800 * Sending Patches:: How to send a patch for GNU Emacs.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
801
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
802 Command Line Options and Arguments
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
803
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
804 * Action Arguments:: Arguments to visit files, load libraries,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
805 and call functions.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
806 * Initial Options:: Arguments that take effect while starting Emacs.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
807 * Command Example:: Examples of using command line arguments.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
808 * Resume Arguments:: Specifying arguments when you resume a running Emacs.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
809 * Environment:: Environment variables that Emacs uses.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
810
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
811 * Display X:: Changing the default display and using remote login.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
812 * Font X:: Choosing a font for text, under X.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
813 * Colors X:: Choosing colors, under X.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
814 * Window Size X:: Start-up window size, under X.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
815 * Borders X:: Internal and external borders, under X.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
816 * Title X:: Specifying the initial frame's title.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
817 * Icons X:: Choosing what sort of icon to use, under X.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
818 * Resources X:: Advanced use of classes and resources, under X.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
819 * Lucid Resources:: X resources for Lucid menus.
36501
8a046a8e91dc Give LessTif precedence over Motif.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36212
diff changeset
820 * LessTif Resources:: X resources for LessTif and Motif menus.
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
821
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
822 Environment Variables
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
823
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
824 * General Variables:: Environment variables that all versions of Emacs use.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
825 * Misc Variables:: Certain system specific variables.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
826
24094
1a575df191bb (Top): Include Windows 98 in the MS-DOS section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24093
diff changeset
827 MS-DOS and Windows 95/98/NT
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
828
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
829 * MS-DOS Input:: Keyboard and mouse usage on MS-DOS.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
830 * MS-DOS Display:: Fonts, frames and display size on MS-DOS.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
831 * MS-DOS File Names:: File-name conventions on MS-DOS.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
832 * Text and Binary:: Text files on MS-DOS use CRLF to separate lines.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
833 * MS-DOS Printing:: How to specify the printer on MS-DOS.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
834 * MS-DOS Processes:: Running subprocesses on MS-DOS.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
835 * Windows Processes:: Running subprocesses on Windows.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
836 * Windows System Menu:: Controlling what the ALT key does.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
837 @end menu
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
838
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
839 @iftex
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
840 @unnumbered Preface
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
841
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diff changeset
842 This manual documents the use and simple customization of the Emacs
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
843 editor. The reader is not expected to be a programmer; simple
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
844 customizations do not require programming skill. But the user who is not
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
845 interested in customizing can ignore the scattered customization hints.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
846
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
847 This is primarily a reference manual, but can also be used as a
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
848 primer. For complete beginners, it is a good idea to start with the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
849 on-line, learn-by-doing tutorial, before reading the manual. To run the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
850 tutorial, start Emacs and type @kbd{C-h t}. This way you can learn
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
851 Emacs by using Emacs on a specially designed file which describes
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
852 commands, tells you when to try them, and then explains the results you
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
853 see.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
854
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
855 On first reading, just skim chapters 1 and 2, which describe the
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
856 notational conventions of the manual and the general appearance of the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
857 Emacs display screen. Note which questions are answered in these
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
858 chapters, so you can refer back later. After reading chapter 4, you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
859 should practice the commands there. The next few chapters describe
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
860 fundamental techniques and concepts that are used constantly. You need
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
861 to understand them thoroughly, experimenting with them if necessary.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
862
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
863 Chapters 14 through 19 describe intermediate-level features that are
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
864 useful for all kinds of editing. Chapter 20 and following chapters
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
865 describe features that you may or may not want to use; read those
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
866 chapters when you need them.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
867
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
868 Read the Trouble chapter if Emacs does not seem to be working
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
869 properly. It explains how to cope with some common problems
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
870 (@pxref{Lossage}), as well as when and how to report Emacs bugs
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
871 (@pxref{Bugs}).
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
872
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
873 To find the documentation on a particular command, look in the index.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
874 Keys (character commands) and command names have separate indexes. There
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
875 is also a glossary, with a cross reference for each term.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
876
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
877 This manual is available as a printed book and also as an Info file.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
878 The Info file is for on-line perusal with the Info program, which will
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
879 be the principal way of viewing documentation on-line in the GNU system.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
880 Both the Info file and the Info program itself are distributed along
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
881 with GNU Emacs. The Info file and the printed book contain
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
882 substantially the same text and are generated from the same source
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
883 files, which are also distributed along with GNU Emacs.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
884
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
885 GNU Emacs is a member of the Emacs editor family. There are many Emacs
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
886 editors, all sharing common principles of organization. For information on
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
887 the underlying philosophy of Emacs and the lessons learned from its
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
888 development, write for a copy of AI memo 519a, ``Emacs, the Extensible,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
889 Customizable Self-Documenting Display Editor,'' to Publications Department,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
890 Artificial Intelligence Lab, 545 Tech Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA@. At
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
891 last report they charge $2.25 per copy. Another useful publication is LCS
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
892 TM-165, ``A Cookbook for an Emacs,'' by Craig Finseth, available from
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
893 Publications Department, Laboratory for Computer Science, 545 Tech Square,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
894 Cambridge, MA 02139, USA@. The price today is $3.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
895
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
896 This edition of the manual is intended for use with GNU Emacs installed
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
897 on GNU and Unix systems. GNU Emacs can also be used on VMS, MS-DOS
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
898 (also called MS-DOG), Windows NT, and Windows 95 systems. Those systems use
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
899 different file name syntax; in addition, VMS and MS-DOS do not support
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
900 all GNU Emacs features. We don't try to describe VMS usage in this
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
901 manual. @xref{MS-DOS}, for information about using Emacs on MS-DOS.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
902 @end iftex
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parents:
diff changeset
903
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
904 @node Distrib, Copying, Top, Top
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
905 @unnumbered Distribution
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
906
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
907 GNU Emacs is @dfn{free software}; this means that everyone is free to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
908 use it and free to redistribute it on certain conditions. GNU Emacs is
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
909 not in the public domain; it is copyrighted and there are restrictions
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
910 on its distribution, but these restrictions are designed to permit
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
911 everything that a good cooperating citizen would want to do. What is
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
912 not allowed is to try to prevent others from further sharing any version
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
913 of GNU Emacs that they might get from you. The precise conditions are
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
914 found in the GNU General Public License that comes with Emacs and also
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
915 appears following this section.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
916
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
917 One way to get a copy of GNU Emacs is from someone else who has it. You
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
918 need not ask for our permission to do so, or tell any one else; just
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
919 copy it. If you have access to the Internet, you can get the latest
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
920 distribution version of GNU Emacs by anonymous FTP; see the file
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
921 @file{etc/FTP} in the Emacs distribution for more information.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
922
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
923 You may also receive GNU Emacs when you buy a computer. Computer
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
924 manufacturers are free to distribute copies on the same terms that apply to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
925 everyone else. These terms require them to give you the full sources,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
926 including whatever changes they may have made, and to permit you to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
927 redistribute the GNU Emacs received from them under the usual terms of the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
928 General Public License. In other words, the program must be free for you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
929 when you get it, not just free for the manufacturer.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
930
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
931 You can also order copies of GNU Emacs from the Free Software Foundation
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
932 on CD-ROM@. This is a convenient and reliable way to get a copy; it is
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
933 also a good way to help fund our work. (The Foundation has always
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
934 received most of its funds in this way.) An order form is included in
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
935 the file @file{etc/ORDERS} in the Emacs distribution, and on our web
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
936 site in @url{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html}. For further
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
937 information, write to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
938
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
939 @display
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
940 Free Software Foundation
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
941 59 Temple Place, Suite 330
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
942 Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
943 USA
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
944 @end display
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
945
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
946 The income from distribution fees goes to support the foundation's
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
947 purpose: the development of new free software, and improvements to our
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
948 existing programs including GNU Emacs.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
949
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
950 If you find GNU Emacs useful, please @strong{send a donation} to the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
951 Free Software Foundation to support our work. Donations to the Free
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
952 Software Foundation are tax deductible in the US. If you use GNU Emacs
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
953 at your workplace, please suggest that the company make a donation. If
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
954 company policy is unsympathetic to the idea of donating to charity, you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
955 might instead suggest ordering a CD-ROM from the Foundation
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
956 occasionally, or subscribing to periodic updates.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
957
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
958 @iftex
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
959 Contributors to GNU Emacs include Per Abrahamsen, Jay K. Adams, Joe
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
960 Arceneaux, Boaz Ben-Zvi, Jim Blandy, Terrence Brannon, Frank Bresz,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
961 Peter Breton, Kevin Broadey, Vincent Broman, David M. Brown, Bill
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
962 Carpenter, Hans Chalupsky, Bob Chassell, James Clark, Mike Clarkson,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
963 Glynn Clements, Andrew Csillag, Doug Cutting, Michael DeCorte, Gary
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
964 Delp, Matthieu Devin, Eri Ding, Carsten Dominik, Scott Draves, Viktor
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
965 Dukhovni, John Eaton, Rolf Ebert, Stephen Eglen, Torbj@"orn Einarsson,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
966 Tsugumoto Enami, Hans Henrik Eriksen, Michael Ernst, Ata Etemadi,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
967 Frederick Farnback, Fred Fish, Karl Fogel, Gary Foster, Noah Friedman,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
968 Keith Gabryelski, Kevin Gallagher, Kevin Gallo, Howard Gayle, Stephen
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
969 Gildea, David Gillespie, Bob Glickstein, Boris Goldowsky, Michelangelo
24882
3a17c21ea615 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 24571
diff changeset
970 Grigni, Michael Gschwind, Henry Guillaume, Doug Gwyn, Ken'ichi Handa,
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
971 Chris Hanson, K. Shane Hartman, John Heidemann, Markus Heritsch, Karl
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
972 Heuer, Manabu Higashida, Anders Holst, Kurt Hornik, Tom Houlder, Lars
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
973 Ingebrigtsen, Andrew Innes, Michael K. Johnson, Kyle Jones, Tomoji
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
974 Kagatani, Brewster Kahle, David Kaufman, Henry Kautz, Howard Kaye,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
975 Michael Kifer, Richard King, Larry K. Kolodney, Robert Krawitz,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
976 Sebastian Kremer, Geoff Kuenning, David K@aa gedal, Daniel LaLiberte,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
977 Aaron Larson, James R. Larus, Frederic Lepied, Lars Lindberg, Eric
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
978 Ludlam, Neil M. Mager, Ken Manheimer, Bill Mann, Brian Marick, Simon
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
979 Marshall, Bengt Martensson, Charlie Martin, Thomas May, Roland McGrath,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
980 David Megginson, Wayne Mesard, Richard Mlynarik, Keith Moore, Erik
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
981 Naggum, Thomas Neumann, Mike Newton, Jurgen Nickelsen, Jeff Norden,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
982 Andrew Norman, Jeff Peck, Damon Anton Permezel, Tom Perrine, Jens
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
983 Petersen, Daniel Pfeiffer, Fred Pierresteguy, Christian Plaunt,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
984 Francesco A. Potorti, Michael D. Prange, Ashwin Ram, Eric S. Raymond,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
985 Paul Reilly, Edward M. Reingold, Rob Riepel, Roland B. Roberts, John
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
986 Robinson, Danny Roozendaal, William Rosenblatt, Guillermo J. Rozas, Ivar
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
987 Rummelhoff, Wolfgang Rupprecht, James B. Salem, Masahiko Sato, William
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
988 Schelter, Ralph Schleicher, Gregor Schmid, Michael Schmidt, Ronald
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
989 S. Schnell, Philippe Schnoebelen, Stephen Schoef, Randal Schwartz,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
990 Manuel Serrano, Stanislav Shalunov, Mark Shapiro, Richard Sharman, Olin
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
991 Shivers, Espen Skoglund, Rick Sladkey, Lynn Slater, Chris Smith, David
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
992 Smith, Paul D. Smith, William Sommerfeld, Michael Staats, Sam Steingold,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
993 Ake Stenhoff, Peter Stephenson, Jonathan Stigelman, Steve Strassman,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
994 Jens T. Berger Thielemann, Spencer Thomas, Jim Thompson, Masanobu Umeda,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
995 Neil W. Van Dyke, Ulrik Vieth, Geoffrey Voelker, Johan Vromans, Barry
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
996 Warsaw, Morten Welinder, Joseph Brian Wells, Rodney Whitby, Ed
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
997 Wilkinson, Mike Williams, Steven A. Wood, Dale R. Worley, Felix
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
998 S. T. Wu, Tom Wurgler, Eli Zaretskii, Jamie Zawinski, Ian T. Zimmermann,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
999 Reto Zimmermann, and Neal Ziring.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1000 @end iftex
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1001
31309
979e66ba0c4a Update for GFDL. Not yet checked by rms.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31144
diff changeset
1002 @node Copying, GNU Free Documentation License, Distrib, Top
24093
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1003 @unnumbered GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1004 @center Version 2, June 1991
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parents:
diff changeset
1005
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parents:
diff changeset
1006 @display
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parents:
diff changeset
1007 Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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parents:
diff changeset
1008 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1009
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parents:
diff changeset
1010 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1011 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1012 @end display
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parents:
diff changeset
1013
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1014 @unnumberedsec Preamble
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parents:
diff changeset
1015
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1016 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1017 freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1018 License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1019 software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1020 General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1021 Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1022 using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1023 the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1024 your programs, too.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1025
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1026 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1027 price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1028 have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1029 this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1030 if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1031 in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1032
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1033 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1034 anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1035 These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1036 distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1037
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1038 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1039 gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1040 you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1041 source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1042 rights.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1043
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1044 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1045 (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1046 distribute and/or modify the software.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1047
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1048 Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1049 that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1050 software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1051 want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1052 that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1053 authors' reputations.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1054
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1055 Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1056 patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1057 program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1058 program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1059 patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1060
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1061 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1062 modification follow.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1063
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1064 @iftex
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parents:
diff changeset
1065 @unnumberedsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1066 @end iftex
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1067 @ifinfo
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1068 @center TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1069 @end ifinfo
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parents:
diff changeset
1070
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1071 @enumerate 0
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1072 @item
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1073 This License applies to any program or other work which contains
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1074 a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36153
diff changeset
1075 under the terms of this General Public License. The ``Program,'' below,
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1076 refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based on the Program''
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1077 means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1078 that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1079 either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1080 language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36153
diff changeset
1081 the term ``modification.'') Each licensee is addressed as ``you.''
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1082
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1083 Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1084 covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1085 running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1086 is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1087 Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1088 Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1089
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1090 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1091 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1092 source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1093 conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1094 copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1095 notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1096 and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1097 along with the Program.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1098
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1099 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1100 you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1101
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1102 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1103 You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1104 of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1105 distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1106 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1107
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1108 @enumerate a
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1109 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1110 You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1111 stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1112
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1113 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1114 You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1115 whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1116 part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1117 parties under the terms of this License.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1118
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1119 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1120 If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1121 when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1122 interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1123 announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1124 notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1125 a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1126 these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1127 License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1128 does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1129 the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1130 @end enumerate
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1131
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1132 These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1133 identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1134 and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1135 themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1136 sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1137 distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1138 on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1139 this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1140 entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1141
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1142 Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1143 your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1144 exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1145 collective works based on the Program.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1146
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1147 In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1148 with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1149 a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1150 the scope of this License.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1151
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1152 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1153 You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1154 under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1155 Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1156
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1157 @enumerate a
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1158 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1159 Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1160 source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1161 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1162
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1163 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1164 Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1165 years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1166 cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1167 machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1168 distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1169 customarily used for software interchange; or,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1170
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1171 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1172 Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1173 to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1174 allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1175 received the program in object code or executable form with such
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1176 an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1177 @end enumerate
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1178
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1179 The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1180 making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1181 code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1182 associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1183 control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1184 special exception, the source code distributed need not include
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1185 anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1186 form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1187 operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1188 itself accompanies the executable.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1189
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1190 If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1191 access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1192 access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1193 distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1194 compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1195
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1196 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1197 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1198 except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1199 otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1200 void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1201 However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1202 this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1203 parties remain in full compliance.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1204
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1205 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1206 You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1207 signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1208 distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1209 prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1210 modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1211 Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1212 all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1213 the Program or works based on it.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1214
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1215 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1216 Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1217 Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1218 original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1219 these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1220 restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1221 You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1222 this License.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1223
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1224 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1225 If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1226 infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1227 conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1228 otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1229 excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1230 distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1231 License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1232 may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1233 license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1234 all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1235 the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1236 refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1237
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1238 If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1239 any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1240 apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1241 circumstances.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1242
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1243 It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1244 patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1245 such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1246 integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1247 implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1248 generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1249 through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1250 system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1251 to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1252 impose that choice.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1253
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1254 This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1255 be a consequence of the rest of this License.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1256
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1257 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1258 If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1259 certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1260 original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1261 may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1262 those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1263 countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1264 the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1265
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1266 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1267 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1268 of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1269 be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1270 address new problems or concerns.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1271
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1272 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1273 specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and ``any
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36153
diff changeset
1274 later version,'' you have the option of following the terms and conditions
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1275 either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1276 Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1277 this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1278 Foundation.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1279
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1280 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1281 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1282 programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1283 to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1284 Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1285 make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1286 of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1287 of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1288
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1289 @iftex
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1290 @heading NO WARRANTY
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1291 @end iftex
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1292 @ifinfo
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1293 @center NO WARRANTY
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1294 @end ifinfo
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1295
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1296 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1297 BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1298 FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW@. EXCEPT WHEN
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1299 OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1300 PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1301 OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1302 MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE@. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1303 TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU@. SHOULD THE
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1304 PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1305 REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1306
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1307 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1308 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1309 WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1310 REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1311 INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1312 OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1313 TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1314 YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1315 PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1316 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1317 @end enumerate
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1318
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1319 @iftex
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1320 @heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1321 @end iftex
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1322 @ifinfo
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1323 @center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1324 @end ifinfo
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1325
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1326 @page
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1327 @unnumberedsec How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1328
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1329 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1330 possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1331 free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1332
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1333 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1334 to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1335 convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1336 the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1337
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1338 @smallexample
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1339 @var{one line to give the program's name and an idea of what it does.}
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1340 Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author}
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1341
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1342 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1343 modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1344 as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1345 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1346
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1347 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1348 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1349 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE@. See the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1350 GNU General Public License for more details.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1351
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1352 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1353 with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1354 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1355 @end smallexample
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1356
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1357 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1358
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1359 If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1360 when it starts in an interactive mode:
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1361
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1362 @smallexample
32113
a0915106b092 (Top): Update version in `Antinews' menu entry.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 31356
diff changeset
1363 Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 20@var{yy} @var{name of author}
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1364 Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1365 type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1366 to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c'
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1367 for details.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1368 @end smallexample
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1369
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1370 The hypothetical commands @samp{show w} and @samp{show c} should show
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1371 the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1372 commands you use may be called something other than @samp{show w} and
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1373 @samp{show c}; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1374 suits your program.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1375
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1376 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1377 school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1378 necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1379
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1380 @smallexample
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1381 @group
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1382 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1383 interest in the program `Gnomovision'
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1384 (which makes passes at compilers) written
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1385 by James Hacker.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1386
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1387 @var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1388 Ty Coon, President of Vice
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1389 @end group
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1390 @end smallexample
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1391
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1392 This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1393 proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1394 consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1395 library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1396 Public License instead of this License.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1397
31309
979e66ba0c4a Update for GFDL. Not yet checked by rms.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31144
diff changeset
1398 @include doclicense.texi
979e66ba0c4a Update for GFDL. Not yet checked by rms.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31144
diff changeset
1399
979e66ba0c4a Update for GFDL. Not yet checked by rms.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31144
diff changeset
1400 @node Intro, Glossary, GNU Free Documentation License, Top
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1401 @unnumbered Introduction
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1402
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1403 You are reading about GNU Emacs, the GNU incarnation of the advanced,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1404 self-documenting, customizable, extensible real-time display editor Emacs.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1405 (The `G' in `GNU' is not silent.)
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1406
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1407 We say that Emacs is a @dfn{display} editor because normally the text
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1408 being edited is visible on the screen and is updated automatically as you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1409 type your commands. @xref{Screen,Display}.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1410
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1411 We call it a @dfn{real-time} editor because the display is updated very
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1412 frequently, usually after each character or pair of characters you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1413 type. This minimizes the amount of information you must keep in your
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1414 head as you edit. @xref{Basic,Real-time,Basic Editing}.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1415
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1416 We call Emacs advanced because it provides facilities that go beyond
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1417 simple insertion and deletion: controlling subprocesses; automatic
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1418 indentation of programs; viewing two or more files at once; editing
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1419 formatted text; and dealing in terms of characters, words, lines,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1420 sentences, paragraphs, and pages, as well as expressions and comments in
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1421 several different programming languages.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1422
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1423 @dfn{Self-documenting} means that at any time you can type a special
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1424 character, @kbd{Control-h}, to find out what your options are. You can
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1425 also use it to find out what any command does, or to find all the commands
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1426 that pertain to a topic. @xref{Help}.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1427
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1428 @dfn{Customizable} means that you can change the definitions of Emacs
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1429 commands in little ways. For example, if you use a programming language in
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1430 which comments start with @samp{<**} and end with @samp{**>}, you can tell
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1431 the Emacs comment manipulation commands to use those strings
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1432 (@pxref{Comments}). Another sort of customization is rearrangement of the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1433 command set. For example, if you prefer the four basic cursor motion
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1434 commands (up, down, left and right) on keys in a diamond pattern on the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1435 keyboard, you can rebind the keys that way. @xref{Customization}.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1436
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1437 @dfn{Extensible} means that you can go beyond simple customization and
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1438 write entirely new commands, programs in the Lisp language to be run by
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1439 Emacs's own Lisp interpreter. Emacs is an ``on-line extensible''
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1440 system, which means that it is divided into many functions that call
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1441 each other, any of which can be redefined in the middle of an editing
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1442 session. Almost any part of Emacs can be replaced without making a
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1443 separate copy of all of Emacs. Most of the editing commands of Emacs
38131
a678d1512bf0 Minor wording change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 37993
diff changeset
1444 are written in Lisp; the few exceptions could have been written
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1445 in Lisp but are written in C for efficiency. Although only a programmer
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1446 can write an extension, anybody can use it afterward. If you want to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1447 learn Emacs Lisp programming, we recommend the @cite{Introduction to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1448 Emacs Lisp} by Robert J. Chassell, also published by the Free Software
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1449 Foundation.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1450
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1451 When run under the X Window System, Emacs provides its own menus and
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1452 convenient bindings to mouse buttons. But Emacs can provide many of the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1453 benefits of a window system on a text-only terminal. For instance, you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1454 can look at or edit several files at once, move text between files, and
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1455 edit files while running shell commands.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1456
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1457 @include screen.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1458 @include commands.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1459 @include entering.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1460 @include basic.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1461 @include mini.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1462 @include m-x.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1463 @include help.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1464 @include mark.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1465 @include killing.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1466 @include regs.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1467 @include display.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1468 @include search.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1469 @include fixit.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1470 @include files.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1471 @include buffers.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1472 @include windows.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1473 @include frames.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1474 @include mule.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1475 @include major.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1476 @include indent.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1477 @include text.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1478 @include programs.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1479 @include building.texi
38199
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
1480 @include maintaining.texi
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1481 @include abbrevs.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1482 @include picture.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1483 @include sending.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1484 @include rmail.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1485 @include dired.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1486 @include calendar.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1487 @include misc.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1488 @include custom.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1489 @include trouble.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1490 @include cmdargs.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1491
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1492 @include anti.texi
34199
1a56ec70af8c @include macos.texi.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 33973
diff changeset
1493 @include macos.texi
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1494 @include msdog.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1495 @include gnu.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1496 @include glossary.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1497 @ifinfo
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1498 @include ack.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1499 @end ifinfo
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1500
37452
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1501 @c The Option Index is produced only in the on-line version,
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1502 @c because the index entries related to command-line options
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1503 @c tend to point to the same pages and all begin with a dash.
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1504 @c This, and the need to keep the node links consistent, are
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1505 @c the reasons for the funky @iftex/@ifnottex dance below.
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1506 @c The Option Index is _not_ before Key Index, because that
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1507 @c would require changes in the glossary.texi's @node line.
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1508 @c It is not after Concept Index for similar reasons.
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1509
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1510 @iftex
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1511 @node Key Index, Command Index, Glossary, Top
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1512 @unnumbered Key (Character) Index
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1513 @printindex ky
37452
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1514 @end iftex
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1515
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1516 @ifnottex
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1517 @node Key Index, Option Index, Glossary, Top
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1518 @unnumbered Key (Character) Index
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1519 @printindex ky
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1520
37452
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
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1521 @node Option Index, Command Index, Key Index, Top
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
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1522 @unnumbered Command-Line Options Index
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
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1523 @printindex op
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1524
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
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1525 @node Command Index, Variable Index, Option Index, Top
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
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1526 @unnumbered Command and Function Index
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
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1527 @printindex fn
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parents: 37247
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1528 @end ifnottex
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parents: 37247
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1529
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parents: 37247
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1530 @iftex
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1531 @node Command Index, Variable Index, Key Index, Top
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parents:
diff changeset
1532 @unnumbered Command and Function Index
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parents:
diff changeset
1533 @printindex fn
37452
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parents: 37247
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1534 @end iftex
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diff changeset
1535
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diff changeset
1536 @node Variable Index, Concept Index, Command Index, Top
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parents:
diff changeset
1537 @unnumbered Variable Index
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parents:
diff changeset
1538 @printindex vr
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parents:
diff changeset
1539
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parents:
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1540 @node Concept Index, Acknowledgments, Variable Index, Top
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parents:
diff changeset
1541 @unnumbered Concept Index
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parents:
diff changeset
1542 @printindex cp
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diff changeset
1543
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parents:
diff changeset
1544 @summarycontents
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parents:
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1545 @contents
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1546 @bye
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1547