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author | Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org> |
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date | Sun, 19 Feb 2006 23:35:56 +0000 |
parents | dc2d5a6655a3 |
children | 85cd04b9bd25 d04d8ccb3c41 c5406394f567 |
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2 @c Notes to self regarding line handling: |
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3 @c |
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4 @c Empty lines are often significant before @end directives; avoid them. |
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5 @c |
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6 @c Empty lines before and after @example directives are significant in |
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7 @c info output but not in TeX. Empty lines inside @example directives |
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8 @c are significant. |
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9 |
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10 @c Conventions for formatting examples: |
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11 @c o If the example contains empty lines then put the surrounding empty |
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12 @c lines inside the @example directives. Put them outside otherwise. |
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13 @c o Use @group inside the example only if it shows indentation where |
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14 @c the relation between lines inside is relevant. |
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15 @c o Format line number columns like this: |
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16 @c 1: foo |
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17 @c 2: bar |
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18 @c ^ one space |
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19 @c ^^ two columns, right alignment |
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20 @c o Check line lengths in TeX output; they can typically be no longer |
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21 @c than 70 chars, 60 if the paragraph is indented. |
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22 |
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23 @comment TBD: Document the finer details of statement anchoring? |
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24 |
25829 | 25 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
26 @comment %**start of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region) | |
27 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
28 | |
67253 | 29 |
30 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
31 @comment How to make the various output formats: | |
32 @comment (Thanks to Robert Chassell for supplying this information.) | |
33 @comment Note that Texinfo 4.7 (or later) is needed. | |
34 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
35 @ignore | |
36 In each of the following pairs of commands, the first generates a | |
37 version with cross references pointing to the GNU Emacs manuals, | |
38 the second with them pointing to the XEmacs manuals. | |
39 ## Info output | |
40 makeinfo cc-mode.texi | |
41 makeinfo -DXEMACS cc-mode.texi | |
42 | |
43 ## DVI output | |
44 ## You may need to set up the environment variable TEXINPUTS so | |
45 ## that tex can find the file texinfo.tex - See the tex | |
46 ## manpage. | |
47 texi2dvi cc-mode.texi | |
48 texi2dvi -t "@set XEMACS " cc-mode.texi | |
49 | |
50 ## HTML output. (The --no-split parameter is optional) | |
51 makeinfo --html --no-split cc-mode.texi | |
52 makeinfo --html --no-split -DXEMACS cc-mode.texi | |
53 | |
54 ## Plain text output | |
55 makeinfo --fill-column=70 --no-split --paragraph-indent=0 \ | |
56 --no-headers --output=cc-mode.txt cc-mode.texi | |
57 makeinfo --fill-column=70 --no-split --paragraph-indent=0 \ | |
58 --no-headers --output=cc-mode.txt -DXEMACS cc-mode.texi | |
59 | |
60 ## DocBook output | |
61 makeinfo --docbook --no-split --paragraph-indent=0 \ | |
62 cc-mode.texi | |
63 makeinfo --docbook --no-split --paragraph-indent=0 \ | |
64 -DXEMACS cc-mode.texi | |
65 | |
66 ## XML output | |
67 makeinfo --xml --no-split --paragraph-indent=0 \ | |
68 cc-mode.texi | |
69 makeinfo --xml --no-split --paragraph-indent=0 \ | |
70 -DXEMACS cc-mode.texi | |
71 | |
72 #### (You must be in the same directory as the viewed file.) | |
73 | |
74 ## View DVI output | |
75 xdvi cc-mode.dvi & | |
76 | |
77 ## View HTML output | |
78 mozilla cc-mode.html | |
79 @end ignore | |
80 | |
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81 @comment No overfull hbox marks in the dvi file. |
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82 @finalout |
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83 |
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84 @setfilename ../info/ccmode |
36923 | 85 @settitle CC Mode Manual |
25829 | 86 @footnotestyle end |
87 | |
67253 | 88 @c The following four macros generate the filenames and titles of the |
89 @c main (X)Emacs manual and the Elisp/Lispref manual. Leave the | |
90 @c Texinfo variable `XEMACS' unset to generate a GNU Emacs version, set it | |
91 @c to generate an XEmacs version, e.g. with | |
92 @c "makeinfo -DXEMACS cc-mode.texi". | |
93 @ifset XEMACS | |
94 @macro emacsman | |
95 xemacs | |
96 @end macro | |
97 @macro emacsmantitle | |
98 XEmacs User's Manual | |
99 @end macro | |
100 @macro lispref | |
101 lispref | |
102 @end macro | |
103 @macro lispreftitle | |
104 XEmacs Lisp Reference Manual | |
105 @end macro | |
106 @end ifset | |
107 | |
108 @ifclear XEMACS | |
109 @macro emacsman | |
110 emacs | |
111 @end macro | |
112 @macro emacsmantitle | |
113 GNU Emacs Manual | |
114 @end macro | |
115 @macro lispref | |
116 elisp | |
117 @end macro | |
118 @macro lispreftitle | |
119 GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual | |
120 @end macro | |
121 @end ifclear | |
122 | |
123 | |
124 @macro ccmode | |
125 CC Mode | |
126 @end macro | |
127 | |
25829 | 128 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
129 @comment @setchapternewpage odd !! we don't want blank pages !! | |
130 @comment %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region) | |
131 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
132 | |
133 | |
134 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
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135 @comment |
25829 | 136 @comment Texinfo manual for CC Mode |
137 @comment Generated from the original README file by Krishna Padmasola | |
138 @comment <krishna@earth-gw.njit.edu> | |
36923 | 139 @comment |
140 @comment Authors: | |
141 @comment Barry A. Warsaw | |
142 @comment Martin Stjernholm | |
67253 | 143 @comment Alan Mackenzie |
36923 | 144 @comment |
67253 | 145 @comment Maintained by Martin Stjernholm and Alan Mackenzie <bug-cc-mode@gnu.org> |
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146 @comment |
25829 | 147 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
148 | |
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149 @comment Define an index for syntactic symbols. |
67253 | 150 @ifnottex @c In texi2dvi, the @defindex would create an empty cc-mode.ss |
151 @c For Info, unlike tex, @syncodeindex needs a matching @defindex. | |
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152 @defindex ss |
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153 @end ifnottex |
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154 |
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155 @comment Combine key, syntactic symbol and concept indices into one. |
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156 @syncodeindex ss cp |
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157 @syncodeindex ky cp |
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158 |
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159 @copying |
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160 This manual is for CC Mode in Emacs. |
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161 |
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162 Copyright @copyright{} 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, |
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163 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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164 |
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165 @quotation |
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166 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
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167 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or |
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168 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the |
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169 Invariant Sections being ``The GNU Manifesto'', ``Distribution'' and |
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170 ``GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE'', with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU |
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171 Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the |
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172 license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation |
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173 License'' in the Emacs manual. |
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174 |
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175 (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify |
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176 this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free |
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177 Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' |
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178 |
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179 This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free |
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180 Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document |
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181 separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the |
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182 license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license. |
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183 @end quotation |
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184 @end copying |
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185 |
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186 @comment Info directory entry for use by install-info. The indentation |
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187 @comment here is by request from the FSF folks. |
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188 @dircategory Emacs |
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189 @direntry |
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190 * CC Mode: (ccmode). Emacs mode for editing C, C++, Objective-C, |
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191 Java, Pike, AWK, and CORBA IDL code. |
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192 @end direntry |
25829 | 193 |
194 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
36923 | 195 @comment TeX title page |
25829 | 196 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
197 | |
198 @titlepage | |
199 @sp 10 | |
200 | |
67253 | 201 @center @titlefont{CC Mode 5.31} |
25829 | 202 @sp 2 |
203 @center @subtitlefont{A GNU Emacs mode for editing C and C-like languages} | |
204 @sp 2 | |
67253 | 205 @center Barry A. Warsaw, Martin Stjernholm, Alan Mackenzie |
25829 | 206 |
207 @page | |
208 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll | |
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209 @insertcopying |
67253 | 210 |
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211 This manual was generated from $Revision: 1.34 $ of $RCSfile: cc-mode.texi,v $, which can be |
67253 | 212 downloaded from |
213 @url{http://cvs.sf.net/viewcvs.py/cc-mode/cc-mode/cc-mode.texi}. | |
25829 | 214 @end titlepage |
215 | |
216 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
217 @comment The Top node contains the master menu for the Info file. | |
218 @comment This appears only in the Info file, not the printed manual. | |
219 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
220 | |
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221 @node Top, Introduction, (dir), (dir) |
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222 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
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223 |
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224 @ifinfo |
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225 @top @ccmode{} |
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226 |
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227 @ccmode{} is a GNU Emacs mode for editing files containing C, C++, |
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228 Objective-C, Java, CORBA IDL (and the variants PSDL and CIDL), Pike |
67253 | 229 and AWK code. It provides syntax-based indentation, font locking, and |
230 has several handy commands and some minor modes to make the editing | |
231 easier. It does not provide tools to look up and navigate between | |
232 functions, classes etc - there are other packages for that. | |
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233 @end ifinfo |
25829 | 234 |
235 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
236 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
237 | |
238 @menu | |
67253 | 239 * Introduction:: |
240 * Overview:: | |
241 * Getting Started:: | |
242 * Commands:: | |
243 * Font Locking:: | |
244 * Config Basics:: | |
245 * Custom Filling and Breaking:: | |
246 * Custom Auto-newlines:: | |
247 * Clean-ups:: | |
248 * Indentation Engine Basics:: | |
249 * Customizing Indentation:: | |
250 * Custom Macros:: | |
251 * Odds and Ends:: | |
252 * Sample .emacs File:: | |
253 * Performance Issues:: | |
254 * Limitations and Known Bugs:: | |
255 * FAQ:: | |
256 * Updating CC Mode:: | |
257 * Mailing Lists and Bug Reports:: | |
258 * Command and Function Index:: | |
259 * Variable Index:: | |
260 * Concept and Key Index:: | |
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261 |
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262 @detailmenu |
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263 --- The Detailed Node Listing --- |
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264 |
67253 | 265 Commands |
266 | |
267 * Indentation Commands:: | |
268 * Comment Commands:: | |
269 * Movement Commands:: | |
270 * Filling and Breaking:: | |
271 * Minor Modes:: | |
272 * Electric Keys:: | |
273 * Auto-newlines:: | |
274 * Hungry WS Deletion:: | |
275 * Subword Movement:: | |
276 * Other Commands:: | |
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277 |
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278 Font Locking |
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279 |
67253 | 280 * Font Locking Preliminaries:: |
281 * Faces:: | |
282 * Doc Comments:: | |
283 * AWK Mode Font Locking:: | |
284 | |
285 Configuration Basics | |
286 | |
287 * CC Hooks:: | |
288 * Style Variables:: | |
289 * Styles:: | |
290 | |
291 Styles | |
292 | |
293 * Built-in Styles:: | |
294 * Choosing a Style:: | |
295 * Adding Styles:: | |
296 * File Styles:: | |
297 | |
298 Customizing Auto-newlines | |
299 | |
300 * Hanging Braces:: | |
301 * Hanging Colons:: | |
302 * Hanging Semicolons and Commas:: | |
303 | |
304 Hanging Braces | |
305 | |
306 * Custom Braces:: | |
307 | |
308 Indentation Engine Basics | |
309 | |
310 * Syntactic Analysis:: | |
311 * Syntactic Symbols:: | |
312 * Indentation Calculation:: | |
313 | |
314 Syntactic Symbols | |
315 | |
316 * Function Symbols:: | |
317 * Class Symbols:: | |
318 * Conditional Construct Symbols:: | |
319 * Switch Statement Symbols:: | |
320 * Brace List Symbols:: | |
321 * External Scope Symbols:: | |
322 * Paren List Symbols:: | |
323 * Literal Symbols:: | |
324 * Multiline Macro Symbols:: | |
325 * Objective-C Method Symbols:: | |
326 * Anonymous Class Symbol:: | |
327 * Statement Block Symbols:: | |
328 * K&R Symbols:: | |
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329 |
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330 Customizing Indentation |
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331 |
67253 | 332 * c-offsets-alist:: |
333 * Interactive Customization:: | |
334 * Line-Up Functions:: | |
335 * Custom Line-Up:: | |
336 * Other Indentation:: | |
337 | |
338 Line-Up Functions | |
339 | |
340 * Brace/Paren Line-Up:: | |
341 * List Line-Up:: | |
342 * Operator Line-Up:: | |
343 * Comment Line-Up:: | |
344 * Misc Line-Up:: | |
345 | |
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346 @end detailmenu |
25829 | 347 @end menu |
348 | |
349 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
67253 | 350 @node Introduction, Overview, Top, Top |
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351 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
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352 @chapter Introduction |
25829 | 353 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
354 | |
355 @cindex BOCM | |
67253 | 356 @cindex history |
357 @cindex awk-mode.el | |
358 @cindex c-mode.el | |
359 @cindex c++-mode.el | |
25829 | 360 |
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361 Welcome to @ccmode{}, a GNU Emacs mode for editing files containing C, |
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362 C++, Objective-C, Java, CORBA IDL (and the variants CORBA PSDL and |
67253 | 363 CIDL), Pike and AWK code. This incarnation of the mode is descended |
364 from @file{c-mode.el} (also called ``Boring Old C Mode'' or BOCM | |
365 @t{:-)}, @file{c++-mode.el} version 2, which Barry Warsaw had been | |
366 maintaining since 1992, and @file{awk-mode.el}, a long neglected mode | |
367 in the (X)Emacs base. | |
368 | |
369 Late in 1997, Martin Stjernholm joined Barry on the @ccmode{} | |
370 Maintainers Team, and implemented the Pike support. In 2000 Martin | |
371 took over as the sole maintainer. In 2001 Alan Mackenzie joined the | |
372 team, implementing AWK support in version 5.30. @ccmode{} did not | |
373 originally contain the font lock support for its languages --- that | |
374 was added in version 5.30. | |
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375 |
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376 This manual describes @ccmode{} |
67253 | 377 @comment The following line must appear on its own, so that the |
378 version 5.31. | |
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379 @comment Release.py script can update the version number automatically |
25829 | 380 |
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381 @ccmode{} supports the editing of K&R and ANSI C, C++, Objective-C, |
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382 Java, CORBA's Interface Definition Language, Pike@footnote{A C-like |
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383 scripting language with its roots in the LPC language used in some MUD |
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384 engines. See @uref{http://pike.ida.liu.se/}.} and AWK files. In this |
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385 way, you can easily set up consistent font locking and coding styles for |
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386 use in editing all of these languages, although AWK is not yet as |
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387 uniformly integrated as the other languages. |
25829 | 388 |
389 @findex c-mode | |
390 @findex c++-mode | |
391 @findex objc-mode | |
392 @findex java-mode | |
393 @findex idl-mode | |
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394 @findex pike-mode |
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395 @findex awk-mode |
67253 | 396 Note that the name of this package is ``@ccmode{}'', but there is no top |
25829 | 397 level @code{cc-mode} entry point. All of the variables, commands, and |
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398 functions in @ccmode{} are prefixed with @code{c-@var{thing}}, and |
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399 @code{c-mode}, @code{c++-mode}, @code{objc-mode}, @code{java-mode}, |
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400 @code{idl-mode}, @code{pike-mode}, and @code{awk-mode} entry points are |
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401 provided. This package is intended to be a replacement for |
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402 @file{c-mode.el}, @file{c++-mode.el} and @file{awk-mode.el}. |
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403 |
25829 | 404 A special word of thanks goes to Krishna Padmasola for his work in |
67253 | 405 converting the original @file{README} file to Texinfo format. I'd |
406 also like to thank all the @ccmode{} victims who help enormously | |
407 during the early beta stages of @ccmode{}'s development. | |
408 | |
409 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
410 @node Overview, Getting Started, Introduction, Top | |
411 @comment node-name, next, previous, up@cindex organization of the manual | |
412 @chapter Overview of the Manual | |
413 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
414 | |
415 @noindent | |
416 The manual starts with several introductory chapters (including this | |
417 one). | |
418 | |
419 @noindent | |
420 The next chunk of the manual describes the day to day @emph{use} of | |
421 @ccmode{} (as contrasted with how to customize it). | |
422 | |
423 @itemize @bullet | |
424 @item | |
425 The chapter ``Commands'' describes in detail how to use (nearly) all | |
426 of @ccmode{}'s features. There are extensive cross-references from | |
427 here to the corresponding sections later in the manual which tell you | |
428 how to customize these features. | |
429 | |
430 @item | |
431 ``Font Locking'' describes how ``syntax highlighting'' is applied to | |
432 your buffers. It is mainly background information and can be skipped | |
433 over at a first reading. | |
434 @end itemize | |
435 | |
436 @noindent | |
437 The next chunk of the manual describes how to @emph{customize} | |
438 @ccmode{}. Typically, an overview of a topic is given at the chapter | |
439 level, then the sections and subsections describe the material in | |
440 increasing detail. | |
441 | |
442 @itemize @bullet | |
443 @item | |
444 The chapter ``Configuration Basics'' tells you @emph{how} to write | |
445 customizations - whether in hooks, in styles, in both, or in neither, | |
446 depending on your needs. It describes the @ccmode{} style system and | |
447 lists the standard styles that @ccmode{} supplies. | |
448 | |
449 @item | |
450 The next few chapters, describe in detail how to customize the various | |
451 features of @ccmode{}. | |
452 | |
453 @item | |
454 Finally, there is a sample @file{.emacs} fragment, which might help you | |
455 in creating your own customization. | |
456 @end itemize | |
457 | |
458 @noindent | |
459 The manual ends with ``this and that'', things that don't fit cleanly | |
460 into any of the previous chunks. | |
461 | |
462 @itemize @bullet | |
463 @item | |
464 Two chapters discuss the performance of @ccmode{} and known | |
465 bugs/limitations. | |
466 | |
467 @item | |
468 The FAQ contains a list of common problems and questions. | |
469 | |
470 @item | |
471 The next two chapters tell you how to get in touch with the @ccmode{} | |
472 project - whether for updating @ccmode{} or submitting bug reports. | |
473 @end itemize | |
474 | |
475 @noindent | |
476 Finally, there are the customary indices. | |
25829 | 477 |
478 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
67253 | 479 @node Getting Started, Commands, Overview, Top |
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480 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
67253 | 481 @chapter Getting Started |
25829 | 482 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
483 | |
484 If you got this version of @ccmode{} with Emacs or XEmacs, it should | |
67253 | 485 work just fine right out of the box. Note however that you might not |
486 have the latest @ccmode{} release and might want to upgrade your copy | |
487 (see below). | |
488 | |
489 You should probably start by reading the entire chapter | |
490 @ref{Commands} to get an overview of @ccmode{}'s capabilities. | |
491 | |
492 After trying out some commands, you may dislike some aspects of | |
493 @ccmode{}'s default configuration. Here is an outline of how to | |
494 change some of the settings that newcomers to @ccmode{} most often | |
495 want to change: | |
496 | |
497 @table @asis | |
498 @item c-basic-offset | |
499 This Lisp variable holds an integer, the number of columns @ccmode{} | |
500 indents nested code. To set this value to 6, customize | |
501 @code{c-basic-offset} or put this into your @file{.emacs}: | |
502 | |
503 @example | |
504 (setq c-basic-offset 6) | |
505 @end example | |
506 | |
507 @item The (indentation) style | |
508 The basic ``shape'' of indentation created by @ccmode{}---by default, | |
509 this is @code{gnu} style (except for Java and AWK buffers). A list of | |
510 the availables styles and their descriptions can be found in | |
511 @ref{Built-in Styles}. A complete specification of the @ccmode{} | |
512 style system, including how to create your own style, can be found in | |
513 the chapter @ref{Styles}. To set your style to @code{linux}, either | |
514 customize @code{c-default-style} or put this into your @file{.emacs}: | |
515 | |
516 @example | |
517 (setq c-default-style '((java-mode . "java") | |
518 (awk-mode . "awk") | |
519 (other . "linux"))) | |
520 @end example | |
521 | |
522 @item Electric Indentation | |
523 Normally, when you type ``punctuation'' characters such as @samp{;} or | |
524 @samp{@{}, @ccmode{} instantly reindents the current line. This can | |
525 be disconcerting until you get used to it. To disable @dfn{electric | |
526 indentation} in the current buffer, type @kbd{C-c C-l}. Type the same | |
527 thing to enable it again. To have electric indentation disabled by | |
528 default, put the following into your @file{.emacs} mode@footnote{There | |
529 is no ``easy customization'' facility for making this change.}: | |
530 | |
531 @example | |
532 (setq-default c-electric-flag nil) | |
533 @end example | |
534 | |
535 @noindent | |
536 Details of of this and other similar ``Minor Modes'' appear in the | |
537 section @ref{Minor Modes}. | |
538 | |
539 @item Making the @key{RET} key indent the new line | |
540 The standard Emacs binding for @key{RET} just adds a new line. If you | |
541 want it to reindent the new line as well, rebind the key. Note that | |
542 the action of rebinding will fail if the pertinent keymap doesn't yet | |
543 exist---we thus need to delay the action until after @ccmode{} has | |
544 been loaded. Put the following code into your @file{.emacs}: | |
545 | |
546 @example | |
547 (defun my-make-CR-do-indent () | |
548 (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-m" 'c-context-line-break)) | |
549 (add-hook 'c-initialization-hook 'my-make-CR-do-indent) | |
550 @end example | |
551 | |
552 @noindent | |
553 This example demonstrates the use of a very powerful @ccmode{} (and | |
554 Emacs) facility, the hook. The use of @ccmode{}'s hooks is described | |
555 in @ref{CC Hooks}. | |
556 @end table | |
557 | |
558 All these settings should occur in your @file{.emacs} @emph{before} | |
559 any @ccmode{} buffers get loaded---in particular, before any call of | |
560 @code{desktop-read}. | |
561 | |
562 As you get to know the mode better, you may want to make more | |
563 ambitious changes to your configuration. For this, you should start | |
564 reading the chapter @ref{Config Basics}. | |
565 | |
566 If you are upgrading an existing @ccmode{} installation, please see | |
567 the @file{README} file for installation details. In particular, if | |
568 you are going to be editing AWK files, @file{README} describes how to | |
569 configure your (X)Emacs so that @ccmode{} will supersede the obsolete | |
570 @code{awk-mode.el} which might have been supplied with your (X)Emacs. | |
571 @ccmode{} might not work with older versions of Emacs or XEmacs. See | |
572 the @ccmode{} release notes at @uref{http://cc-mode.sourceforge.net} | |
573 for the latest information on Emacs version and package compatibility | |
574 (@pxref{Updating CC Mode}). | |
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575 |
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576 @deffn Command c-version |
25829 | 577 @findex version (c-) |
578 You can find out what version of @ccmode{} you are using by visiting a C | |
579 file and entering @kbd{M-x c-version RET}. You should see this message in | |
580 the echo area: | |
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581 |
25829 | 582 @example |
583 Using CC Mode version 5.XX | |
584 @end example | |
585 | |
586 @noindent | |
587 where @samp{XX} is the minor release number. | |
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588 @end deffn |
25829 | 589 |
590 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
67253 | 591 @node Commands, Font Locking, Getting Started, Top |
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592 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
67253 | 593 @chapter Commands |
25829 | 594 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
595 | |
67253 | 596 This chapter specifies all of CC Mode's commands, and thus contains |
597 nearly everything you need to know to @emph{use} @ccmode{} (as | |
598 contrasted with configuring it). @dfn{Commands} here means both | |
599 control key sequences and @dfn{electric keys}, these being characters | |
600 such as @samp{;} which, as well as inserting themselves into the | |
601 buffer, also do other things. | |
602 | |
603 You might well want to review | |
604 @ifset XEMACS | |
605 @ref{Lists,,,@emacsman{}, @emacsmantitle{}}, | |
606 @end ifset | |
607 @ifclear XEMACS | |
608 @ref{Moving by Parens,,,@emacsman{}, @emacsmantitle{}}, | |
609 @end ifclear | |
610 which describes commands for moving around brace and parenthesis | |
611 structures. | |
612 | |
25829 | 613 |
614 @menu | |
67253 | 615 * Indentation Commands:: |
616 * Comment Commands:: | |
617 * Movement Commands:: | |
618 * Filling and Breaking:: | |
619 * Minor Modes:: | |
620 * Electric Keys:: | |
621 * Auto-newlines:: | |
622 * Hungry WS Deletion:: | |
623 * Subword Movement:: | |
624 * Other Commands:: | |
25829 | 625 @end menu |
626 | |
627 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
67253 | 628 @node Indentation Commands, Comment Commands, Commands, Commands |
629 @comment node-name, next, previous,up | |
630 @section Indentation Commands | |
631 @cindex indentation | |
25829 | 632 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
633 | |
67253 | 634 The following commands reindent C constructs. Note that when you |
635 change your coding style, either interactively or through some other | |
636 means, your file does @emph{not} automatically get reindented. You | |
637 will need to execute one of the following commands to see the effects | |
638 of your changes. | |
639 | |
640 @cindex GNU indent program | |
641 Also, variables like @code{c-hanging-*} and @code{c-cleanup-list} | |
642 (@pxref{Custom Auto-newlines}) only affect how on-the-fly code is | |
643 formatted. Changing the ``hanginess'' of a brace and then | |
644 reindenting, will not move the brace to a different line. For this, | |
645 you're better off getting an external program like GNU @code{indent}, | |
646 which will rearrange brace location, amongst other things. | |
647 | |
648 Preprocessor directives are handled as syntactic whitespace from other | |
649 code, i.e. they can be interspersed anywhere without affecting the | |
650 indentation of the surrounding code, just like comments. | |
651 | |
652 The code inside macro definitions is, by default, still analyzed | |
653 syntactically so that you get relative indentation there just as you'd | |
654 get if the same code was outside a macro. However, since there is no | |
655 hint about the syntactic context, i.e. whether the macro expands to an | |
656 expression, to some statements, or perhaps to whole functions, the | |
657 syntactic recognition can be wrong. @ccmode{} manages to figure it | |
658 out correctly most of the time, though. | |
659 | |
660 Reindenting large sections of code can take a long time. When | |
661 @ccmode{} reindents a region of code, it is essentially equivalent to | |
662 hitting @key{TAB} on every line of the region. | |
663 | |
664 These commands indent code: | |
665 | |
666 @table @asis | |
667 @item @kbd{@key{TAB}} (@code{c-indent-command}) | |
668 @kindex TAB | |
669 @findex c-indent-command | |
670 @findex indent-command (c-) | |
671 This command indents the current line. That is all you need to know | |
672 about it for normal use. | |
673 | |
674 @code{c-indent-command} does different things, depending on the | |
675 settting of @code{c-syntactic-indentation} (@pxref{Indentation Engine | |
676 Basics}): | |
677 | |
678 @itemize @bullet | |
679 @item | |
680 When it's non-@code{nil} (which it normally is), the command indents | |
681 the line according to its syntactic context. With a prefix argument | |
682 (@kbd{C-u @key{TAB}}), it will re-indent the entire | |
683 expression@footnote{this is only useful for a line starting with a | |
684 comment opener or an opening brace, parenthesis, or string quote.} | |
685 that begins at the line's left margin. | |
686 | |
687 @item | |
688 When it's @code{nil}, the command indents the line by an extra | |
689 @code{c-basic-offset} columns. A prefix argument acts as a | |
690 multiplier. A bare prefix (@kbd{C-u @key{TAB}} is equivalent to -1, | |
691 removing @code{c-basic-offset} columns from the indentation. | |
692 @end itemize | |
693 | |
694 The precise behavior is modified by several variables: With | |
695 @code{c-tab-always-indent}, you can make @key{TAB} insert whitespace | |
696 in some circumstances---@code{c-insert-tab-function} then defines | |
697 precisely what sort of ``whitespace'' this will be. Set the standard | |
698 Emacs variable @code{indent-tabs-mode} to @code{t} if you want real | |
699 @samp{tab} characters to be used in the indentation, to @code{nil} if | |
700 you want only spaces. @xref{Just Spaces,,, @emacsman{}, | |
701 @emacsmantitle{}}. | |
702 | |
703 @defopt c-tab-always-indent | |
704 @vindex tab-always-indent (c-) | |
705 @cindex literal | |
706 This variable modifies how @key{TAB} operates. | |
707 @itemize @bullet | |
708 @item | |
709 When it is @code{t} (the default), @key{TAB} simply indents the | |
710 current line. | |
711 @item | |
712 When it is @code{nil}, @key{TAB} (re)indents the line only if point is | |
713 to the left of the first non-whitespace character on the line. | |
714 Otherwise it inserts some whitespace (a tab or an equivalent number of | |
715 spaces - see below) at point. | |
716 @item | |
717 With some other value, the line is reindented. Additionally, if point | |
718 is within a string or comment, some whitespace is inserted. | |
719 @end itemize | |
720 @end defopt | |
721 | |
722 @defopt c-insert-tab-function | |
723 @vindex insert-tab-function (c-) | |
724 @findex tab-to-tab-stop | |
725 When ``some whitespace'' is inserted as described above, what actually | |
726 happens is that the function stored in @code{c-insert-tab-function} is | |
727 called. Normally, this is @code{insert-tab}, which inserts a real tab | |
728 character or the equivalent number of spaces (depending on | |
729 @code{indent-tabs-mode}). Some people, however, set | |
730 @code{c-insert-tab-function} to @code{tab-to-tab-stop} so as to get | |
731 hard tab stops when indenting. | |
732 @end defopt | |
733 @end table | |
25829 | 734 |
735 @noindent | |
67253 | 736 The kind of indentation the next five commands do depends on the |
737 setting of @code{c-syntactic-indentation} (@pxref{Indentation Engine | |
738 Basics}): | |
739 @itemize @bullet | |
740 @item | |
741 when it is non-@code{nil} (the default), the commands indent lines | |
742 according to their syntactic context; | |
743 @item | |
744 when it is @code{nil}, they just indent each line the same amount as | |
745 the previous non-blank line. The commands that indent a region aren't | |
746 very useful in this case. | |
747 @end itemize | |
748 | |
749 @table @asis | |
750 @item @kbd{C-j} (@code{newline-and-indent}) | |
751 @kindex C-j | |
752 @findex newline-and-indent | |
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753 Inserts a newline and indents the new blank line, ready to start |
67253 | 754 typing. This is a standard (X)Emacs command. |
755 | |
756 @item @kbd{C-M-q} (@code{c-indent-exp}) | |
757 @kindex C-M-q | |
758 @findex c-indent-exp | |
759 @findex indent-exp (c-) | |
760 Indents an entire balanced brace or parenthesis expression. Note that | |
761 point must be on the opening brace or parenthesis of the expression | |
762 you want to indent. | |
763 | |
764 @item @kbd{C-c C-q} (@code{c-indent-defun}) | |
765 @kindex C-c C-q | |
766 @findex c-indent-defun | |
767 @findex indent-defun (c-) | |
768 Indents the entire top-level function, class or macro definition | |
769 encompassing point. It leaves point unchanged. This function can't be | |
770 used to reindent a nested brace construct, such as a nested class or | |
771 function, or a Java method. The top-level construct being reindented | |
772 must be complete, i.e. it must have both a beginning brace and an ending | |
773 brace. | |
774 | |
775 @item @kbd{C-M-\} (@code{indent-region}) | |
776 @kindex C-M-\ | |
777 @findex indent-region | |
778 Indents an arbitrary region of code. This is a standard Emacs command, | |
779 tailored for C code in a @ccmode{} buffer. Note, of course, that point | |
780 and mark must delineate the region you want to indent. | |
781 | |
782 @item @kbd{C-M-h} (@code{c-mark-function}) | |
783 @kindex C-M-h | |
784 @findex c-mark-function | |
785 @findex mark-function (c-) | |
786 While not strictly an indentation command, this is useful for marking | |
787 the current top-level function or class definition as the current | |
788 region. As with @code{c-indent-defun}, this command operates on | |
789 top-level constructs, and can't be used to mark say, a Java method. | |
790 @end table | |
791 | |
792 These variables are also useful when indenting code: | |
793 | |
794 @defopt indent-tabs-mode | |
795 This is a standard Emacs variable that controls how line indentation | |
796 is composed. When it's non-@code{nil}, tabs can be used in a line's | |
797 indentation, otherwise only spaces are used. | |
798 @end defopt | |
799 | |
800 @defopt c-progress-interval | |
801 @vindex progress-interval (c-) | |
802 When indenting large regions of code, this variable controls how often a | |
803 progress message is displayed. Set this variable to @code{nil} to | |
804 inhibit the progress messages, or set it to an integer which is how | |
805 often (in seconds) progress messages are to be displayed. | |
806 @end defopt | |
807 | |
808 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
809 @node Comment Commands, Movement Commands, Indentation Commands, Commands | |
810 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
811 @section Comment Commands | |
812 @cindex comments (insertion of) | |
813 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
814 | |
815 @table @asis | |
816 @item @kbd{C-c C-c} (@code{comment-region}) | |
817 @kindex C-c C-c | |
818 @findex comment-region | |
819 This command comments out the lines that start in the region. With a | |
820 negative argument, it does the opposite - it deletes the comment | |
821 delimiters from these lines. @xref{Multi-Line Comments,,, emacs, GNU | |
822 Emacs Manual}, for fuller details. @code{comment-region} isn't | |
823 actually part of @ccmode{} - it is given a @ccmode{} binding for | |
824 convenience. | |
825 | |
826 @item @kbd{M-;} (@code{comment-dwim} or @code{indent-for-comment} @footnote{The name of this command varies between (X)Emacs versions.}) | |
827 @kindex M-; | |
828 @findex comment-dwim | |
829 @findex indent-for-comment | |
830 Insert a comment at the end of the current line, if none is there | |
831 already. Then reindent the comment according to @code{comment-column} | |
832 @ifclear XEMACS | |
833 (@pxref{Options for Comments,,, emacs, GNU Emacs Manual}) | |
834 @end ifclear | |
835 @ifset XEMACS | |
836 (@pxref{Comments,,, xemacs, XEmacs User's Manual}) | |
837 @end ifset | |
838 and the variables below. Finally, position the point after the | |
839 comment starter. This is a standard Emacs command, but @ccmode{} | |
840 enhances it a bit with two variables: | |
841 | |
842 @defopt c-indent-comment-alist | |
843 @vindex indent-comment-alist (c-) | |
844 @vindex comment-column | |
845 This style variable allows you to vary the column that @kbd{M-;} puts | |
846 the comment at, depending on what sort of code is on the line, and | |
847 possibly the indentation of any similar comment on the preceding line. | |
848 It is an association list that maps different types of lines to | |
849 actions describing how they should be handled. If a certain line type | |
850 isn't present on the list then the line is indented to the column | |
851 specified by @code{comment-column}. | |
852 | |
853 See the documentation string for for a full description of this | |
854 variable (use @kbd{C-h v c-indent-comment-alist}). | |
855 @end defopt | |
856 | |
857 @defopt c-indent-comments-syntactically-p | |
858 @vindex indent-comments-syntactically-p (c-) | |
859 Normally, when this style variable is @code{nil}, @kbd{M-;} will | |
860 indent comment-only lines according to @code{c-indent-comment-alist}, | |
861 just as it does with lines where other code precede the comments. | |
862 However, if you want it to act just like @key{TAB} for comment-only | |
863 lines you can get that by setting | |
864 @code{c-indent-comments-syntactically-p} to non-@code{nil}. | |
865 | |
866 If @code{c-indent-comments-syntactically-p} is non-@code{nil} then | |
867 @code{c-indent-comment-alist} won't be consulted at all for comment-only | |
868 lines. | |
869 @end defopt | |
870 @end table | |
25829 | 871 |
872 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
67253 | 873 @node Movement Commands, Filling and Breaking, Comment Commands, Commands |
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874 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
67253 | 875 @section Movement Commands |
876 @cindex movement | |
25829 | 877 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
878 | |
67253 | 879 @ccmode{} contains some useful commands for moving around in C code. |
880 | |
881 @table @asis | |
882 @item @kbd{M-x c-beginning-of-defun} | |
883 @itemx @kbd{M-x c-end-of-defun} | |
884 @findex c-beginning-of-defun | |
885 @findex c-end-of-defun | |
886 @findex beginning-of-defun (c-) | |
887 @findex end-of-defun (c-) | |
888 @findex beginning-of-defun | |
889 @findex end-of-defun | |
890 Move to the start or end of the current top-level definition, this | |
891 being the outermost brace pair which encloses point. These functions | |
892 are analogous to the Emacs built-in commands @code{beginning-of-defun} | |
893 and @code{end-of-defun}, except they eliminate the constraint that the | |
894 top-level opening brace of the defun must be in column zero. See | |
895 @ref{Defuns,,,@emacsman{}, @emacsmantitle{}}, for more information. | |
896 | |
897 Depending on the coding style you're using, you might prefer these two | |
898 commands to the standard Emacs ones. If so, consider binding them to | |
899 @kbd{C-M-a} and @kbd{C-M-e}. @xref{Sample .emacs File}. This | |
900 customization won't affect the special bindings for these key | |
901 sequences in force in AWK Mode. For backwards compatibility reasons, | |
902 the default bindings for @kbd{C-M-a} and @kbd{C-M-e} remain in effect. | |
903 | |
904 @item @kbd{C-M-a} (AWK Mode) (@code{c-awk-beginning-of-defun}) | |
905 @itemx @kbd{C-M-e} (AWK Mode) (@code{c-awk-end-of-defun}) | |
906 @kindex C-M-a (AWK Mode) | |
907 @kindex C-M-e (AWK Mode) | |
908 @findex c-awk-beginning-of-defun | |
909 @findex awk-beginning-of-defun (c-) | |
910 @findex c-awk-end-of-defun | |
911 @findex awk-end-of-defun (c-) | |
912 Move back to the beginning or forward to the end of the current AWK | |
913 defun. These functions are bound to @kbd{C-M-a} and @kbd{C-M-e} by | |
914 default in AWK Mode. They can take prefix-arguments, their | |
915 functionality being entirely equivalent to @code{beginning-of-defun} | |
916 and @code{end-of-defun}. | |
917 | |
918 AWK Mode @dfn{defuns} are either pattern/action pairs (either of which | |
919 might be implicit) or user defined functions. Having the @samp{@{} and | |
920 @samp{@}} (if there are any) in column zero, as is suggested for some | |
921 modes, is neither necessary nor helpful in AWK mode. | |
922 | |
923 @item @kbd{M-a} (@code{c-beginning-of-statement}) | |
924 @itemx @kbd{M-e} (@code{c-end-of-statement}) | |
925 @kindex M-a | |
926 @kindex M-e | |
927 @findex c-beginning-of-statement | |
928 @findex c-end-of-statement | |
929 @findex beginning-of-statement (c-) | |
930 @findex end-of-statement (c-) | |
931 Move to the beginning or end of the innermost C statement. If point | |
932 is already there, move to the next beginning or end of a statement, | |
933 even if that means moving into a block. (Use @kbd{C-M-b} or | |
934 @kbd{C-M-f} to move over a balanced block.) A prefix argument @var{n} | |
935 means move over @var{n} statements. | |
936 | |
937 If point is within or next to a comment or a string which spans more | |
938 than one line, these commands move by sentences instead of statements. | |
939 | |
940 When called from a program, these functions take three optional | |
941 arguments: the repetition count, a buffer position limit which is the | |
942 farthest back to search for the syntactic context, and a flag saying | |
943 whether to do sentence motion in or near comments and multiline | |
944 strings. | |
945 | |
946 @item @kbd{C-c C-u} (@code{c-up-conditional}) | |
947 @kindex C-c C-u | |
948 @findex c-up-conditional | |
949 @findex up-conditional (c-) | |
950 Move back to the containing preprocessor conditional, leaving the mark | |
951 behind. A prefix argument acts as a repeat count. With a negative | |
952 argument, move forward to the end of the containing preprocessor | |
953 conditional. | |
954 | |
955 @samp{#elif} is treated like @samp{#else} followed by @samp{#if}, so the | |
956 function stops at them when going backward, but not when going | |
957 forward. | |
958 | |
959 This key sequence is not bound in AWK Mode, which doesn't have | |
960 preprocessor statements. | |
961 | |
962 @item @kbd{M-x c-up-conditional-with-else} | |
963 @findex c-up-conditional-with-else | |
964 @findex up-conditional-with-else (c-) | |
965 A variety of @code{c-up-conditional} that also stops at @samp{#else} | |
966 lines. Normally those lines are ignored. | |
967 | |
968 @item @kbd{M-x c-down-conditional} | |
969 @findex c-down-conditional | |
970 @findex down-conditional (c-) | |
971 Move forward into the next nested preprocessor conditional, leaving | |
972 the mark behind. A prefix argument acts as a repeat count. With a | |
973 negative argument, move backward into the previous nested preprocessor | |
974 conditional. | |
975 | |
976 @samp{#elif} is treated like @samp{#else} followed by @samp{#if}, so the | |
977 function stops at them when going forward, but not when going backward. | |
978 | |
979 @item @kbd{M-x c-down-conditional-with-else} | |
980 @findex c-down-conditional-with-else | |
981 @findex down-conditional-with-else (c-) | |
982 A variety of @code{c-down-conditional} that also stops at @samp{#else} | |
983 lines. Normally those lines are ignored. | |
984 | |
985 @item @kbd{C-c C-p} (@code{c-backward-conditional}) | |
986 @itemx @kbd{C-c C-n} (@code{c-forward-conditional}) | |
987 @kindex C-c C-p | |
988 @kindex C-c C-n | |
989 @findex c-backward-conditional | |
990 @findex c-forward-conditional | |
991 @findex backward-conditional (c-) | |
992 @findex forward-conditional (c-) | |
993 Move backward or forward across a preprocessor conditional, leaving | |
994 the mark behind. A prefix argument acts as a repeat count. With a | |
995 negative argument, move in the opposite direction. | |
996 | |
997 These key sequences are not bound in AWK Mode, which doesn't have | |
998 preprocessor statements. | |
999 | |
1000 @item @kbd{M-x c-backward-into-nomenclature} | |
1001 @itemx @kbd{M-x c-forward-into-nomenclature} | |
1002 @findex c-backward-into-nomenclature | |
1003 @findex c-forward-into-nomenclature | |
1004 @findex backward-into-nomenclature (c-) | |
1005 @findex forward-into-nomenclature (c-) | |
1006 A popular programming style, especially for object-oriented languages | |
1007 such as C++ is to write symbols in a mixed case format, where the | |
1008 first letter of each word is capitalized, and not separated by | |
1009 underscores. E.g. @samp{SymbolsWithMixedCaseAndNoUnderlines}. | |
1010 | |
1011 These commands move backward or forward to the beginning of the next | |
1012 capitalized word. With prefix argument @var{n}, move @var{n} times. | |
1013 If @var{n} is negative, move in the opposite direction. | |
1014 | |
1015 Note that these two commands have been superseded by | |
1016 @code{c-subword-mode}, which you should use instead. @xref{Subword | |
1017 Movement}. They might be removed from a future release of @ccmode{}. | |
1018 @end table | |
1019 | |
1020 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
1021 @node Filling and Breaking, Minor Modes, Movement Commands, Commands | |
1022 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
1023 @section Filling and Line Breaking Commands | |
1024 @cindex text filling | |
1025 @cindex line breaking | |
1026 @cindex comment handling | |
1027 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
1028 | |
1029 Since there's a lot of normal text in comments and string literals, | |
1030 @ccmode{} provides features to edit these like in text mode. The goal | |
1031 is to do it seamlessly, i.e. you can use auto fill mode, sentence and | |
1032 paragraph movement, paragraph filling, adaptive filling etc. wherever | |
1033 there's a piece of normal text without having to think much about it. | |
1034 @ccmode{} keeps the indentation, fixes suitable comment line prefixes, | |
1035 and so on. | |
1036 | |
1037 You can configure the exact way comments get filled and broken, and | |
1038 where Emacs does auto-filling (see @pxref{Custom Filling and | |
1039 Breaking}). Typically, the style system (@pxref{Styles}) will have | |
1040 set this up for you, so you probably won't have to bother. | |
1041 | |
1042 @findex auto-fill-mode | |
1043 @cindex Auto Fill mode | |
1044 @cindex paragraph filling | |
1045 Line breaks are by default handled (almost) the same regardless of | |
1046 whether they are made by auto fill mode (@pxref{Auto Fill,,, | |
1047 @emacsman{}, @emacsmantitle{}}), by paragraph filling (e.g. with | |
1048 @kbd{M-q}), or explicitly with @kbd{M-j} or similar methods. In | |
1049 string literals, the new line gets the same indentation as the | |
1050 previous nonempty line.@footnote{You can change this default by | |
1051 setting the @code{string} syntactic symbol (@pxref{Syntactic Symbols} | |
1052 and @pxref{Customizing Indentation})}. | |
1053 | |
1054 @table @asis | |
1055 @item @kbd{M-q} (@code{c-fill-paragraph}) | |
1056 @kindex M-q | |
1057 @findex c-fill-paragraph | |
1058 @findex fill-paragraph (c-) | |
1059 @cindex Javadoc markup | |
1060 @cindex Pike autodoc markup | |
1061 This command fills multiline string literals and both block | |
1062 and line style comments. In Java buffers, the Javadoc markup words | |
1063 are recognized as paragraph starters. The line oriented Pike autodoc | |
1064 markup words are recognized in the same way in Pike mode. | |
1065 | |
1066 The formatting of the starters (@code{/*}) and enders (@code{*/}) of | |
1067 block comments are kept as they were before the filling. I.e., if | |
1068 either the starter or ender were on a line of its own, then it stays | |
1069 on its own line; conversely, if the delimiter has comment text on its | |
1070 line, it keeps at least one word of that text with it on the line. | |
1071 | |
1072 This command is the replacement for @code{fill-paragraph} in @ccmode{} | |
1073 buffers. | |
1074 | |
1075 @item @kbd{M-j} (@code{c-indent-new-comment-line}) | |
1076 @kindex M-j | |
1077 @findex c-indent-new-comment-line | |
1078 @findex indent-new-comment-line (c-) | |
1079 This breaks the current line at point and indents the new line. If | |
1080 point was in a comment, the new line gets the proper comment line | |
1081 prefix. If point was inside a macro, a backslash is inserted before | |
1082 the line break. It is the replacement for | |
1083 @code{indent-new-comment-line}. | |
1084 | |
1085 @item @kbd{M-x c-context-line-break} | |
1086 @findex c-context-line-break | |
1087 @findex context-line-break (c-) | |
1088 Insert a line break suitable to the context: If the point is inside a | |
1089 comment, the new line gets the suitable indentation and comment line | |
1090 prefix like @code{c-indent-new-comment-line}. In normal code it's | |
1091 indented like @code{newline-and-indent} would do. In macros it acts | |
1092 like @code{newline-and-indent} but additionally inserts and optionally | |
1093 aligns the line ending backslash so that the macro remains unbroken. | |
1094 @xref{Custom Macros}, for details about the backslash alignment. | |
1095 | |
1096 This function is not bound to a key by default, but it's intended to be | |
1097 used on the @kbd{RET} key. If you like the behavior of | |
1098 @code{newline-and-indent} on @kbd{RET}, you should consider switching to | |
1099 this function. @xref{Sample .emacs File}. | |
1100 | |
1101 @item @kbd{M-x c-context-open-line} | |
1102 @findex c-context-open-line | |
1103 @findex context-open-line (c-) | |
1104 This is to @kbd{C-o} (@kbd{M-x open-line}) as | |
1105 @code{c-context-line-break} is to @kbd{RET}. I.e. it works just like | |
1106 @code{c-context-line-break} but leaves the point before the inserted | |
1107 line break. | |
1108 @end table | |
25829 | 1109 |
1110 | |
1111 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
67253 | 1112 @node Minor Modes, Electric Keys, Filling and Breaking, Commands |
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1113 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
67253 | 1114 @section Minor Modes |
1115 @cindex Minor Modes | |
25829 | 1116 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
1117 | |
67253 | 1118 @ccmode{} contains several minor-mode-like features that you might |
1119 find useful while writing new code or editing old code: | |
1120 | |
1121 @table @asis | |
1122 @item electric mode | |
1123 When this is enabled, certain visible characters cause reformatting as | |
1124 they are typed. This is normally helpful, but can be a nuisance when | |
1125 editing chaotically formatted code. It can also be disconcerting, | |
1126 especially for users who are new to @ccmode{}. | |
1127 @item auto-newline mode | |
1128 This automatically inserts newlines where you'd probably want to type | |
1129 them yourself, e.g. after typing @samp{@}}s. Its action is suppressed | |
1130 when electric mode is disabled. | |
1131 @item hungry-delete mode | |
1132 This lets you delete a contiguous block of whitespace with a single | |
1133 key - for example, the newline and indentation just inserted by | |
1134 auto-newline when you want to back up and write a comment after the | |
1135 last statement. | |
1136 @item subword mode | |
1137 This mode makes basic word movement commands like @kbd{M-f} | |
1138 (@code{forward-word}) and @kbd{M-b} (@code{backward-word}) treat the | |
1139 parts of sillycapsed symbols as different words. | |
1140 E.g. @samp{NSGraphicsContext} is treated as three words @samp{NS}, | |
1141 @samp{Graphics}, and @samp{Context}. | |
1142 @item syntactic-indentation mode | |
1143 When this is enabled (which it normally is), indentation commands such | |
1144 as @kbd{C-j} indent lines of code according to their syntactic | |
1145 structure. Otherwise, a line is simply indented to the same level as | |
1146 the previous one and @kbd{@key{TAB}} adjusts the indentation in steps | |
1147 of `c-basic-offset'. | |
1148 @end table | |
1149 | |
1150 Full details on how these minor modes work are at @ref{Electric Keys}, | |
1151 @ref{Auto-newlines}, @ref{Hungry WS Deletion}, @ref{Subword Movement}, | |
1152 and @ref{Indentation Engine Basics}. | |
1153 | |
1154 You can toggle each of these minor modes on and off, and you can | |
1155 configure @ccmode{} so that it starts up with your favourite | |
1156 combination of them (@pxref{Sample .emacs File}). By default, when | |
1157 you initialize a buffer, electric mode and syntactic-indentation mode | |
1158 are enabled but the other two modes are disabled. | |
1159 | |
1160 @ccmode{} displays the current state of the first four of these minor | |
1161 modes on the modeline by appending letters to the major mode's name, | |
1162 one letter for each enabled minor mode - @samp{l} for electric mode, | |
1163 @samp{a} for auto-newline mode, @samp{h} for hungry delete mode, and | |
1164 @samp{w} for subword mode. If all these modes were enabled, you'd see | |
1165 @samp{C/lahw}@footnote{The @samp{C} would be replaced with the name of | |
1166 the language in question for the other languages @ccmode{} supports.}. | |
1167 | |
1168 Here are the commands to toggle these modes: | |
1169 | |
1170 @table @asis | |
1171 @item @kbd{C-c C-l} (@code{c-toggle-electric-state}) | |
1172 @kindex C-c C-l | |
1173 @findex c-toggle-electric-state | |
1174 @findex toggle-electric-state (c-) | |
1175 Toggle electric minor mode. When the command turns the mode off, it | |
1176 also suppresses auto-newline mode. | |
1177 | |
1178 @item @kbd{C-c C-a} (@code{c-toggle-auto-newline}) | |
25829 | 1179 @kindex C-c C-a |
67253 | 1180 @findex c-toggle-auto-newline |
1181 @findex toggle-auto-newline (c-) | |
1182 Toggle auto-newline minor mode. When the command turns the mode on, | |
1183 it also enables electric minor mode. | |
1184 | |
1185 @item @kbd{M-x c-toggle-hungry-state}@footnote{Prior to @ccmode{} 5.31, this command was bound to @kbd{C-c C-d}.} | |
25829 | 1186 @findex c-toggle-hungry-state |
67253 | 1187 @findex toggle-hungry-state (c-) |
1188 Toggle hungry-delete minor mode. | |
1189 | |
1190 @item @kbd{M-x c-toggle-auto-hungry-state}@footnote{Prior to @ccmode{} 5.31, this command was bound to @kbd{C-c C-t}.} | |
25829 | 1191 @findex c-toggle-auto-hungry-state |
1192 @findex toggle-auto-hungry-state (c-) | |
67253 | 1193 Toggle both auto-newline and hungry delete minor modes. |
1194 | |
1195 @item @kbd{C-c C-w} (@code{M-x c-subword-mode}) | |
1196 @kindex C-c C-w | |
1197 @findex c-subword-mode | |
1198 @findex subword-mode (c-) | |
1199 Toggle subword mode. | |
1200 | |
1201 @item @kbd{M-x c-toggle-syntactic-indentation} | |
1202 @findex c-toggle-syntactic-indentation | |
1203 @findex toggle-syntactic-indentation (c-) | |
1204 Toggle syntactic-indentation mode. | |
1205 @end table | |
1206 | |
1207 Common to all the toggle functions above is that if they are called | |
1208 programmatically, they take an optional numerical argument. A | |
1209 positive value will turn on the minor mode (or both of them in the | |
1210 case of @code{c-toggle-auto-hungry-state}) and a negative value will | |
1211 turn it (or them) off. | |
25829 | 1212 |
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1213 |
25829 | 1214 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
67253 | 1215 @node Electric Keys, Auto-newlines, Minor Modes, Commands |
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1216 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
67253 | 1217 @section Electric Keys and Keywords |
1218 @cindex electric characters | |
25829 | 1219 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
1220 | |
67253 | 1221 Most punctuation keys provide @dfn{electric} behavior - as well as |
1222 inserting themselves they perform some other action, such as | |
1223 reindenting the line. A few keywords, such as @code{else}, also | |
1224 trigger electric action. | |
1225 | |
1226 You can inhibit the electric behaviour described here by disabling | |
1227 electric minor mode (@pxref{Minor Modes}.) | |
1228 | |
1229 Common to all of them is that they only behave electrically when used | |
1230 in normal code (as contrasted with getting typed in a string literal | |
1231 or comment). Those which cause re-indentation do so only when | |
1232 @code{c-syntactic-indentation} has a non-@code{nil} value (which it | |
1233 does by default). | |
1234 | |
1235 These keys and keywords are: | |
1236 @c ACM, 2004/8/24: c-electric-pound doesn't check c-s-i: this is more | |
1237 @c like a bug in the code than a bug in this document. It'll get | |
1238 @c fixed in the code sometime. | |
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1239 |
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1240 @table @kbd |
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1241 @item # |
25829 | 1242 @kindex # |
1243 @findex c-electric-pound | |
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1244 @findex electric-pound (c-) |
25829 | 1245 @vindex c-electric-pound-behavior |
1246 @vindex electric-pound-behavior (c-) | |
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1247 Pound (bound to @code{c-electric-pound}) is electric when typed as the |
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1248 first non-whitespace character on a line and not within a macro |
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1249 definition. In this case, the variable @code{c-electric-pound-behavior} |
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1250 is consulted for the electric behavior. This variable takes a list |
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1251 value, although the only element currently defined is @code{alignleft}, |
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1252 which tells this command to force the @samp{#} character into column |
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1253 zero. This is useful for entering preprocessor macro definitions. |
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1254 |
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1255 Pound is not electric in AWK buffers, where @samp{#} starts a comment, |
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1256 and is bound to @code{self-insert-command} like any typical printable |
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1257 character. |
67253 | 1258 @c ACM, 2004/8/24: Change this (and the code) to do AWK comment |
1259 @c reindentation. | |
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1260 |
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1261 @item * |
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1262 @kindex * |
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1263 @itemx / |
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1264 @kindex / |
25829 | 1265 @findex c-electric-star |
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1266 @findex electric-star (c-) |
25829 | 1267 @findex c-electric-slash |
1268 @findex electric-slash (c-) | |
67253 | 1269 A star (bound to @code{c-electric-star}) or a slash |
1270 (@code{c-electric-slash}) causes reindentation when you type it as the | |
1271 second component of a C style block comment opener (@samp{/*}) or a | |
1272 C++ line comment opener (@samp{//}) respectively, but only if the | |
1273 comment opener is the first thing on the line (i.e. there's only | |
1274 whitespace before it). | |
1275 | |
1276 Additionally, you can configure @ccmode{} so that typing a slash at | |
1277 the start of a line within a block comment will terminate the | |
1278 comment. You don't need to have electric minor mode enabled to get | |
1279 this behaviour. @xref{Clean-ups}. | |
1280 | |
1281 In AWK mode, @samp{*} and @samp{/} do not delimit comments and are not | |
1282 electric. | |
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1283 |
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1284 @item < |
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1285 @kindex < |
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1286 @itemx > |
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1287 @kindex > |
25829 | 1288 @findex c-electric-lt-gt |
1289 @findex electric-lt-gt (c-) | |
67253 | 1290 A less-than or greater-than sign (bound to @code{c-electric-lt-gt}) is |
1291 electric in two circumstances: when it is an angle bracket in a C++ | |
1292 @samp{template} declaration (and similar constructs in other | |
1293 languages) and when it is the second of two @kbd{<} or @kbd{>} | |
1294 characters in a C++ style stream operator. In either case, the line | |
1295 is reindented. Angle brackets in C @samp{#include} directives are not | |
1296 electric. | |
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1297 |
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1298 @item ( |
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1299 @kindex ( |
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1300 @itemx ) |
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1301 @kindex ) |
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1302 @findex c-electric-paren |
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1303 @findex electric-paren (c-) |
67253 | 1304 The normal parenthesis characters @samp{(} and @samp{)} (bound to |
1305 @code{c-electric-paren}) reindent the current line. This is useful | |
1306 for getting the closing parenthesis of an argument list aligned | |
1307 automatically. | |
1308 | |
1309 You can also configure @ccmode{} to insert a space automatically | |
1310 between a function name and the @samp{(} you've just typed, and to | |
1311 remove it automatically after typing @samp{)}, should the argument | |
1312 list be empty. You don't need to have electric minor mode enabled to | |
1313 get these actions. @xref{Clean-ups}. | |
1314 | |
1315 @item @{ | |
1316 @kindex @{ | |
1317 @itemx @} | |
1318 @kindex @} | |
1319 @findex c-electric-brace | |
1320 @findex electric-brace (c-) | |
1321 Typing a brace (bound to @code{c-electric-brace}) reindents the | |
1322 current line. Also, one or more newlines might be inserted if | |
1323 auto-newline minor mode is enabled. @xref{Auto-newlines}. | |
1324 Additionally, you can configure @ccmode{} to compact excess whitespace | |
1325 inserted by auto-newline mode in certain circumstances. | |
1326 @xref{Clean-ups}. | |
1327 | |
1328 @item : | |
1329 @kindex : | |
1330 @findex c-electric-colon | |
1331 @findex electric-colon (c-) | |
1332 Typing a colon (bound to @code{c-electric-colon}) reindents the | |
1333 current line. Additionally, one or more newlines might be inserted if | |
1334 auto-newline minor mode is enabled. @xref{Auto-newlines}. If you | |
1335 type a second colon immediately after such an auto-newline, by default | |
1336 the whitespace between the two colons is removed, leaving a C++ scope | |
1337 operator. @xref{Clean-ups}. | |
1338 | |
1339 If you prefer, you can insert @samp{::} in a single operation, | |
1340 avoiding all these spurious reindentations, newlines, and clean-ups. | |
1341 @xref{Other Commands}. | |
1342 | |
1343 @item ; | |
1344 @kindex ; | |
1345 @itemx , | |
1346 @kindex , | |
1347 @findex c-electric-semi&comma | |
1348 @findex electric-semi&comma (c-) | |
1349 Typing a semicolon or comma (bound to @code{c-electric-semi&comma}) | |
1350 reindents the current line. Also, a newline might be inserted if | |
1351 auto-newline minor mode is enabled. @xref{Auto-newlines}. | |
1352 Additionally, you can configure @ccmode{} so that when auto-newline | |
1353 has inserted whitespace after a @samp{@}}, it will be removed again | |
1354 when you type a semicolon or comma just after it. @xref{Clean-ups}. | |
1355 | |
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1356 @end table |
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1357 |
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1358 @deffn Command c-electric-continued-statement |
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1359 @findex electric-continued-statement (c-) |
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1360 |
67253 | 1361 Certain keywords are electric, causing reindentation when they are |
1362 preceded only by whitespace on the line. The keywords are those that | |
1363 continue an earlier statement instead of starting a new one: | |
1364 @code{else}, @code{while}, @code{catch} (only in C++ and Java) and | |
1365 @code{finally} (only in Java). | |
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1366 |
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1367 An example: |
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1368 |
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1369 @example |
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1370 @group |
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1371 for (i = 0; i < 17; i++) |
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1372 if (a[i]) |
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1373 res += a[i]->offset; |
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1374 else |
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1375 @end group |
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1376 @end example |
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1377 |
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1378 Here, the @code{else} should be indented like the preceding @code{if}, |
67253 | 1379 since it continues that statement. @ccmode{} will automatically |
1380 reindent it after the @code{else} has been typed in full, since only | |
1381 then is it possible to decide whether it's a new statement or a | |
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1382 continuation of the preceding @code{if}. |
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1383 |
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1384 @vindex abbrev-mode |
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1385 @findex abbrev-mode |
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1386 @cindex Abbrev mode |
67253 | 1387 @ccmode{} uses Abbrev mode (@pxref{Abbrevs,,, @emacsman{}, @emacsmantitle{}}) |
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1388 to accomplish this. It's therefore turned on by default in all language |
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1389 modes except IDL mode, since CORBA IDL doesn't have any statements. |
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1390 @end deffn |
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1391 |
25829 | 1392 |
1393 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
67253 | 1394 @node Auto-newlines, Hungry WS Deletion, Electric Keys, Commands |
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1395 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
67253 | 1396 @section Auto-newline Insertion |
1397 @cindex auto-newline | |
25829 | 1398 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
1399 | |
67253 | 1400 When you have @dfn{Auto-newline minor mode} enabled (@pxref{Minor |
1401 Modes}), @ccmode{} inserts newlines for you automatically (in certain | |
1402 syntactic contexts) when you type a left or right brace, a colon, a | |
1403 semicolon, or a comma. Sometimes a newline appears before the | |
1404 character you type, sometimes after it, sometimes both. | |
1405 | |
1406 Auto-newline only triggers when the following conditions hold: | |
1407 | |
1408 @itemize @bullet | |
1409 @item | |
1410 Auto-newline minor mode is enabled, as evidenced by the indicator | |
1411 @samp{a} after the mode name on the modeline (e.g. @samp{C/a} or | |
1412 @samp{C/la}). | |
1413 | |
1414 @item | |
1415 The character was typed at the end of a line, or with only whitespace | |
1416 after it, and possibly a @samp{\} escaping the newline. | |
1417 | |
1418 @item | |
1419 The character is not on its own line already. (This applies only to | |
1420 insertion of a newline @emph{before} the character.) | |
1421 | |
1422 @item | |
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1423 @cindex literal |
67253 | 1424 @cindex syntactic whitespace |
1425 The character was not typed inside of a literal @footnote{A | |
1426 @dfn{literal} is defined as any comment, string, or preprocessor macro | |
1427 definition. These constructs are also known as @dfn{syntactic | |
1428 whitespace} since they are usually ignored when scanning C code.}. | |
1429 | |
1430 @item | |
1431 No numeric argument was supplied to the command (i.e. it was typed as | |
1432 normal, with no @kbd{C-u} prefix). | |
1433 @end itemize | |
1434 | |
1435 You can configure the precise circumstances in which newlines get | |
1436 inserted (see @pxref{Custom Auto-newlines}). Typically, the style | |
1437 system (@pxref{Styles}) will have set this up for you, so you probably | |
1438 won't have to bother. | |
1439 | |
1440 Sometimes @ccmode{} inserts an auto-newline where you don't want one, | |
1441 such as after a @samp{@}} when you're about to type a @samp{;}. | |
1442 Hungry deletion can help here (@pxref{Hungry WS Deletion}), or you can | |
1443 activate an appropriate @dfn{clean-up}, which will remove the excess | |
1444 whitespace after you've typed the @samp{;}. See @ref{Clean-ups} for a | |
1445 full description. See also @ref{Electric Keys} for a summary of | |
1446 clean-ups listed by key. | |
36923 | 1447 |
25829 | 1448 |
1449 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
67253 | 1450 @node Hungry WS Deletion, Subword Movement, Auto-newlines, Commands |
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1451 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
67253 | 1452 @section Hungry Deletion of Whitespace |
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1453 @cindex hungry-deletion |
25829 | 1454 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
1455 | |
67253 | 1456 @kindex C-d |
1457 | |
1458 If you want to delete an entire block of whitespace at point, you can | |
1459 use @dfn{hungry deletion}. This deletes all the contiguous whitespace | |
1460 either before point or after point in a single operation. | |
1461 ``Whitespace'' here includes tabs and newlines, but not comments or | |
1462 preprocessor commands. Hungry deletion can markedly cut down on the | |
1463 number of times you have to hit deletion keys when, for example, | |
1464 you've made a mistake on the preceding line and have already pressed | |
1465 @kbd{C-j}. | |
1466 | |
1467 Hungry deletion is a simple feature that some people find extremely | |
1468 useful. In fact, you might find yourself wanting it in @strong{all} | |
1469 your editing modes! | |
1470 | |
1471 There are two different ways you can use hungry deletion: | |
1472 | |
1473 @table @asis | |
1474 @item Using @dfn{Hungry Delete Mode} with @kbd{@key{DEL}} and @kbd{C-d} | |
1475 Here you toggle Hungry Delete minor mode with @kbd{M-x | |
1476 c-toggle-hungry-state}@footnote{Prior to @ccmode{} 5.31, this command | |
1477 was bound to @kbd{C-c C-d}. @kbd{C-c C-d} is now the default binding | |
1478 for @code{c-hungry-delete-forward}.} (@pxref{Minor Modes}.) This | |
1479 makes @kbd{@key{DEL}} and @kbd{C-d} do forward and backwards hungry | |
1480 deletion. | |
1481 | |
1482 @table @asis | |
1483 @item @kbd{@key{DEL}} (@code{c-electric-backspace}) | |
25829 | 1484 @kindex DEL |
67253 | 1485 @findex c-electric-backspace |
25829 | 1486 @findex electric-backspace (c-) |
67253 | 1487 This command is run by default when you hit the @kbd{DEL} key. When |
1488 hungry delete mode is enabled, it deletes any amount of whitespace in | |
1489 the backwards direction. Otherwise, or when used with a prefix | |
1490 argument or in a literal (@pxref{Auto-newlines}), the command just | |
1491 deletes backwards in the usual way. (More precisely, it calls the | |
1492 function contained in the variable @code{c-backspace-function}, | |
1493 passing it the prefix argument, if any.) | |
1494 | |
1495 @item @code{c-backspace-function} | |
1496 @vindex c-backspace-function | |
25829 | 1497 @vindex backspace-function (c-) |
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1498 @findex backward-delete-char-untabify |
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1499 Hook that gets called by @code{c-electric-backspace} when it doesn't |
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1500 do an ``electric'' deletion of the preceding whitespace. The default |
67253 | 1501 value is @code{backward-delete-char-untabify} |
1502 (@pxref{Deletion,,,@lispref{}, @lispreftitle{}}, the function which | |
1503 deletes a single character. | |
1504 | |
1505 @item @kbd{C-d} (@code{c-electric-delete-forward}) | |
1506 @kindex C-d | |
1507 @findex c-electric-delete-forward | |
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1508 @findex electric-delete-forward (c-) |
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1509 This function, which is bound to @kbd{C-d} by default, works just like |
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1510 @code{c-electric-backspace} but in the forward direction. When it |
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1511 doesn't do an ``electric'' deletion of the following whitespace, it |
67253 | 1512 just does @code{delete-char}, more or less. (Strictly speaking, it |
1513 calls the function in @code{c-delete-function} with the prefix | |
1514 argument.) | |
1515 | |
1516 @item @code{c-delete-function} | |
1517 @vindex c-delete-function | |
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1518 @vindex delete-function (c-) |
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1519 @findex delete-char |
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1520 Hook that gets called by @code{c-electric-delete-forward} when it |
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1521 doesn't do an ``electric'' deletion of the following whitespace. The |
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1522 default value is @code{delete-char}. |
67253 | 1523 @end table |
1524 | |
1525 @item Using Distinct Bindings | |
1526 The other (newer and recommended) way to use hungry deletion is to | |
1527 perform @code{c-hungry-backspace} and @code{c-hungry-delete-forward} | |
1528 directly through their key sequences rather than using the minor mode | |
1529 toggling. | |
1530 | |
1531 @table @asis | |
1532 @item @kbd{C-c C-@key{Backspace}}, @kbd{C-c DEL}, or @kbd{C-c @key{Backspace}} (@code{c-hungry-backspace}) | |
1533 @kindex C-c C-<backspace> | |
1534 @kindex C-c DEL | |
1535 @kindex C-c <backspace> | |
1536 @findex c-hungry-backspace | |
1537 @findex hungry-backspace (c-) | |
1538 Delete any amount of whitespace in the backwards direction (regardless | |
1539 whether hungry-delete mode is enabled or not). This command is bound | |
1540 to both @kbd{C-c C-@key{Backspace}} and @kbd{C-c @key{Backspace}}, | |
1541 since the more natural one, @kbd{C-c C-@key{Backspace}}, is sometimes | |
1542 difficult to type at a character terminal. | |
1543 | |
1544 @item @kbd{C-c C-@key{Delete}}, @kbd{C-c C-d}, or @kbd{C-c @key{Delete}} (@code{c-hungry-delete-forward}) | |
1545 @kindex C-c C-<delete> | |
1546 @kindex C-c C-d | |
1547 @kindex C-c <delete> | |
1548 @findex c-hungry-delete-forward | |
1549 @findex hungry-delete-forward (c-) | |
1550 Delete any amount of whitespace in the forward direction (regardless | |
1551 whether hungry-delete mode is enabled or not). This command is bound | |
1552 to both @kbd{C-c C-@key{Delete}} and @kbd{C-c @key{Delete}} for the | |
1553 same reason as for @key{Backspace} above. | |
1554 @end table | |
1555 @end table | |
1556 | |
1557 @kindex <delete> | |
1558 @kindex <backspace> | |
1559 | |
1560 When we talk about @kbd{DEL}, @kbd{C-d}, @key{Backspace} and | |
1561 @key{Delete} above, we actually do so without connecting them to the | |
1562 physical keys commonly known as @key{Backspace} and @key{Delete}. The | |
1563 default bindings to those two keys depends on the flavor of (X)Emacs | |
1564 you are using. | |
25829 | 1565 |
1566 @findex c-electric-delete | |
1567 @findex electric-delete (c-) | |
67253 | 1568 @findex c-hungry-delete |
1569 @findex hungry-delete (c-) | |
25829 | 1570 @vindex delete-key-deletes-forward |
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1571 |
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1572 In XEmacs 20.3 and beyond, the @key{Backspace} key is bound to |
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1573 @code{c-electric-backspace} and the @key{Delete} key is bound to |
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1574 @code{c-electric-delete}. You control the direction it deletes in by |
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1575 setting the variable @code{delete-key-deletes-forward}, a standard |
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1576 XEmacs variable. When this variable is non-@code{nil}, |
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1577 @code{c-electric-delete} will do forward deletion with |
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1578 @code{c-electric-delete-forward}, otherwise it does backward deletion |
67253 | 1579 with @code{c-electric-backspace}. Similarly, @kbd{C-c @key{Delete}} |
1580 and @kbd{C-c C-@key{Delete}} are bound to @code{c-hungry-delete} which | |
1581 is controlled in the same way by @code{delete-key-deletes-forward}. | |
1582 | |
1583 @findex normal-erase-is-backspace-mode | |
1584 | |
1585 Emacs 21 and later automatically binds @key{Backspace} and | |
1586 @key{Delete} to @kbd{DEL} and @kbd{C-d} according to your environment, | |
1587 and @ccmode{} extends those bindings to @kbd{C-c C-@key{Backspace}} | |
1588 etc. If you need to change the bindings through | |
1589 @code{normal-erase-is-backspace-mode} then @ccmode{} will also adapt | |
1590 its extended bindings accordingly. | |
1591 | |
1592 In earlier (X)Emacs versions, @ccmode{} doesn't bind either | |
1593 @key{Backspace} or @key{Delete} directly. Only the key codes | |
1594 @kbd{DEL} and @kbd{C-d} are bound, and it's up to the default bindings | |
1595 to map the physical keys to them. You might need to modify this | |
1596 yourself if the defaults are unsuitable. | |
1597 | |
1598 Getting your @key{Backspace} and @key{Delete} keys properly set up can | |
1599 sometimes be tricky. The information in @ref{DEL Does Not | |
1600 Delete,,,emacs, GNU Emacs Manual}, might be helpful if you're having | |
1601 trouble with this in GNU Emacs. | |
25829 | 1602 |
1603 | |
1604 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
67253 | 1605 @node Subword Movement, Other Commands, Hungry WS Deletion, Commands |
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1606 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
67253 | 1607 @section Subword Movement and Editing |
25829 | 1608 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
1609 | |
67253 | 1610 @cindex nomenclature |
1611 @cindex subword | |
1612 In spite of the GNU Coding Standards, it is popular to name a symbol | |
1613 by mixing uppercase and lowercase letters, e.g. @samp{GtkWidget}, | |
1614 @samp{EmacsFrameClass}, or @samp{NSGraphicsContext}. Here we call | |
1615 these mixed case symbols @dfn{nomenclatures}. Also, each capitalized | |
1616 (or completely uppercase) part of a nomenclature is called a | |
1617 @dfn{subword}. Here are some examples: | |
1618 | |
1619 @multitable {@samp{NSGraphicsContext}} {@samp{NS}, @samp{Graphics}, and @samp{Context}} | |
1620 @headitem Nomenclature | |
1621 @tab Subwords | |
1622 @item @samp{GtkWindow} | |
1623 @tab @samp{Gtk} and @samp{Window} | |
1624 @item @samp{EmacsFrameClass} | |
1625 @tab @samp{Emacs}, @samp{Frame}, and @samp{Class} | |
1626 @item @samp{NSGraphicsContext} | |
1627 @tab @samp{NS}, @samp{Graphics}, and @samp{Context} | |
1628 @end multitable | |
1629 | |
1630 The subword minor mode replaces the basic word oriented movement and | |
1631 editing commands with variants that recognize subwords in a | |
1632 nomenclature and treat them as separate words: | |
1633 | |
1634 @findex c-forward-subword | |
1635 @findex forward-subword (c-) | |
1636 @findex c-backward-subword | |
1637 @findex backward-subword (c-) | |
1638 @findex c-mark-subword | |
1639 @findex mark-subword (c-) | |
1640 @findex c-kill-subword | |
1641 @findex kill-subword (c-) | |
1642 @findex c-backward-kill-subword | |
1643 @findex backward-kill-subword (c-) | |
1644 @findex c-transpose-subwords | |
1645 @findex transpose-subwords (c-) | |
1646 @findex c-capitalize-subword | |
1647 @findex capitalize-subword (c-) | |
1648 @findex c-upcase-subword | |
1649 @findex upcase-subword (c-) | |
1650 @findex c-downcase-subword | |
1651 @findex downcase-subword (c-) | |
1652 @multitable @columnfractions .20 .40 .40 | |
1653 @headitem Key @tab Word oriented command @tab Subword oriented command | |
1654 @item @kbd{M-f} @tab @code{forward-word} @tab @code{c-forward-subword} | |
1655 @item @kbd{M-b} @tab @code{backward-word} @tab @code{c-backward-subword} | |
1656 @item @kbd{M-@@} @tab @code{mark-word} @tab @code{c-mark-subword} | |
1657 @item @kbd{M-d} @tab @code{kill-word} @tab @code{c-kill-subword} | |
1658 @item @kbd{M-DEL} @tab @code{backward-kill-word} @tab @code{c-backward-kill-subword} | |
1659 @item @kbd{M-t} @tab @code{transpose-words} @tab @code{c-transpose-subwords} | |
1660 @item @kbd{M-c} @tab @code{capitalize-word} @tab @code{c-capitalize-subword} | |
1661 @item @kbd{M-u} @tab @code{upcase-word} @tab @code{c-upcase-subword} | |
1662 @item @kbd{M-l} @tab @code{downcase-word} @tab @code{c-downcase-subword} | |
1663 @end multitable | |
1664 | |
1665 Note that if you have changed the key bindings for the word oriented | |
1666 commands in your @file{.emacs} or a similar place, the keys you have | |
1667 configured are also used for the corresponding subword oriented | |
1668 commands. | |
1669 | |
1670 Type @kbd{C-c C-w} to toggle subword mode on and off. To make the | |
1671 mode turn on automatically, put the following code in your | |
1672 @file{.emacs}: | |
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1673 |
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1674 @example |
67253 | 1675 (add-hook 'c-mode-common-hook |
1676 (lambda () (c-subword-mode 1))) | |
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1677 @end example |
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1678 |
67253 | 1679 As a bonus, you can also use @code{c-subword-mode} in non-@ccmode{} |
1680 buffers by typing @kbd{M-x c-subword-mode}. | |
1681 | |
1682 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
1683 @node Other Commands, , Subword Movement, Commands | |
1684 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
1685 @section Other Commands | |
1686 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
1687 | |
1688 Here are the various other commands that didn't fit anywhere else: | |
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1689 |
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1690 @table @asis |
67253 | 1691 @item @kbd{C-c :} (@code{c-scope-operator}) |
1692 @kindex C-c : | |
1693 @findex c-scope-operator | |
1694 @findex scope-operator (c-) | |
1695 In C++, it is also sometimes desirable to insert the double-colon scope | |
1696 operator without performing the electric behavior of colon insertion. | |
1697 @kbd{C-c :} does just this. | |
1698 | |
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1699 @item @kbd{C-c C-\} (@code{c-backslash-region}) |
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1700 @kindex C-c C-\ |
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1701 @findex c-backslash-region |
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1702 @findex backslash-region (c-) |
67253 | 1703 This function inserts and aligns or deletes end-of-line backslashes in |
1704 the current region. These are typically used in multi-line macros. | |
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1705 |
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1706 With no prefix argument, it inserts any missing backslashes and aligns |
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1707 them according to the @code{c-backslash-column} and |
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1708 @code{c-backslash-max-column} variables. With a prefix argument, it |
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1709 deletes any backslashes. |
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1710 |
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1711 The function does not modify blank lines at the start of the region. If |
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1712 the region ends at the start of a line, it always deletes the backslash |
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1713 (if any) at the end of the previous line. |
67253 | 1714 |
1715 To customize the precise workings of this command, @ref{Custom Macros}. | |
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1716 @end table |
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1717 |
67253 | 1718 @noindent |
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1719 The recommended line breaking function, @code{c-context-line-break} |
67253 | 1720 (@pxref{Filling and Breaking}), is especially nice if you edit |
1721 multiline macros frequently. When used inside a macro, it | |
1722 automatically inserts and adjusts the mandatory backslash at the end | |
1723 of the line to keep the macro together, and it leaves the point at the | |
1724 right indentation column for the code. Thus you can write code inside | |
1725 macros almost exactly as you can elsewhere, without having to bother | |
1726 with the trailing backslashes. | |
1727 | |
1728 @table @asis | |
1729 @item @kbd{C-c C-e} (@code{c-macro-expand}) | |
1730 @kindex C-c C-e | |
1731 @findex c-macro-expand | |
1732 @findex macro-expand (c-) | |
1733 This command expands C, C++, Objective C or Pike macros in the region, | |
1734 using an appropriate external preprocessor program. Normally it | |
1735 displays its output in a temporary buffer, but if you give it a prefix | |
1736 arg (with @kbd{C-u C-c C-e}) it will overwrite the original region | |
1737 with the expansion. | |
1738 | |
1739 The command does not work in any of the other modes, and the key | |
1740 sequence is not bound in these other modes. | |
1741 | |
1742 @code{c-macro-expand} isn't actually part of @ccmode{}, even though it | |
1743 is bound to a @ccmode{} key sequence. If you need help setting it up | |
1744 or have other problems with it, you can either read its source code or | |
1745 ask for help in the standard (X)Emacs forums. | |
1746 @end table | |
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1747 |
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1748 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
67253 | 1749 @node Font Locking, Config Basics, Commands, Top |
53118
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1750 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
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1751 @chapter Font Locking |
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1752 @cindex font locking |
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1753 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
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1754 |
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1755 @cindex Font Lock mode |
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1756 |
67253 | 1757 @ccmode{} provides font locking for its supported languages by |
1758 supplying patterns for use with Font Lock mode. This means that you | |
1759 get distinct faces on the various syntactic parts such as comments, | |
1760 strings, keywords and types, which is very helpful in telling them | |
1761 apart at a glance and discovering syntactic errors. @xref{Font | |
1762 Lock,,, emacs, GNU Emacs Manual}, for ways to enable font locking in | |
1763 @ccmode{} buffers. | |
1764 | |
1765 @strong{Please note:} The font locking in AWK mode is currently not | |
1766 integrated with the rest of @ccmode{}. Only the last section of this | |
1767 chapter, @ref{AWK Mode Font Locking}, applies to AWK. The other | |
1768 sections apply to the other languages. | |
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1769 |
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1770 @menu |
67253 | 1771 * Font Locking Preliminaries:: |
1772 * Faces:: | |
1773 * Doc Comments:: | |
1774 * AWK Mode Font Locking:: | |
53118
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1775 @end menu |
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1776 |
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1777 |
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1778 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
67253 | 1779 @node Font Locking Preliminaries, Faces, Font Locking, Font Locking |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
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1780 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
53118
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1781 @section Font Locking Preliminaries |
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1782 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
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1783 |
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1784 The font locking for most of the @ccmode{} languages were provided |
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1785 directly by the Font Lock package prior to version 5.30 of @ccmode{}. |
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1786 In the transition to @ccmode{} the patterns have been reworked |
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1787 completely and are applied uniformly across all the languages except AWK |
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1788 mode, just like the indentation rules (although each language still has |
67253 | 1789 some peculiarities of its own, of course). Since the languages |
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1790 previously had completely separate font locking patterns, this means |
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1791 that it's a bit different in most languages now. |
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1792 |
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1793 The main goal for the font locking in @ccmode{} is accuracy, to provide |
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1794 a dependable aid in recognizing the various constructs. Some, like |
67253 | 1795 strings and comments, are easy to recognize while others, like |
1796 declarations and types, can be very tricky. @ccmode{} can go to great | |
53118
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1797 lengths to recognize declarations and casts correctly, especially when |
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1798 the types aren't recognized by standard patterns. This is a fairly |
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1799 demanding analysis which can be slow on older hardware, and it can |
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1800 therefore be disabled by choosing a lower decoration level with the |
67253 | 1801 variable @code{font-lock-maximum-decoration} (@pxref{Font Lock,,, |
1802 emacs, GNU Emacs Manual}). | |
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1803 |
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1804 @vindex font-lock-maximum-decoration |
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1805 |
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1806 The decoration levels are used as follows: |
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1807 |
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1808 @enumerate |
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1809 @comment 1 |
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1810 @item |
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1811 Minimal font locking: Fontify only comments, strings and preprocessor |
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|
1812 directives (in the languages that use cpp). |
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1813 |
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1814 @comment 2 |
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1815 @item |
67253 | 1816 Fast font locking: In addition to level 1, fontify keywords, simple |
1817 types and declarations that are easy to recognize. The variables | |
53118
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1818 @code{*-font-lock-extra-types} (where @samp{*} is the name of the |
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1819 language) are used to recognize types (see below). Documentation |
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1820 comments like Javadoc are fontified according to |
67253 | 1821 @code{c-doc-comment-style} (@pxref{Doc Comments}). |
53118
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1822 |
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1823 Use this if you think the font locking is too slow. It's the closest |
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1824 corresponding level to level 3 in the old font lock patterns. |
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1825 |
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1826 @comment 3 |
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1827 @item |
67253 | 1828 Accurate font locking: Like level 2 but uses a different approach that |
1829 can recognize types and declarations much more accurately. The | |
53118
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1830 @code{*-font-lock-extra-types} variables are still used, but user |
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1831 defined types are recognized correctly anyway in most cases. Therefore |
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1832 those variables should be fairly restrictive and not contain patterns |
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1833 that are uncertain. |
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1834 |
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1835 @cindex Lazy Lock mode |
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1836 @cindex Just-in-time Lock mode |
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1837 |
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1838 This level is designed for fairly modern hardware and a font lock |
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1839 support mode like Lazy Lock or Just-in-time Lock mode that only |
67253 | 1840 fontifies the parts that are actually shown. Fontifying the whole |
1841 buffer at once can easily get bothersomely slow even on contemporary | |
1842 hardware. | |
1843 @c ACM, 2005/8/28: There should be a page in the (X)Emacs manual | |
1844 @c describing these support modes. There wasn't in the | |
1845 @c fourteenth edition of the Emacs manual (released with Emacs 21.3). | |
1846 @c There might be one in the Emacs CVS for 22.1. | |
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1847 @end enumerate |
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1848 |
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1849 @cindex user defined types |
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1850 @cindex types, user defined |
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1851 |
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1852 Since user defined types are hard to recognize you can provide |
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|
1853 additional regexps to match those you use: |
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1854 |
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1855 @defopt c-font-lock-extra-types |
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1856 @defoptx c++-font-lock-extra-types |
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1857 @defoptx objc-font-lock-extra-types |
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1858 @defoptx java-font-lock-extra-types |
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|
1859 @defoptx idl-font-lock-extra-types |
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1860 @defoptx pike-font-lock-extra-types |
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1861 For each language there's a variable @code{*-font-lock-extra-types}, |
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1862 where @samp{*} stands for the language in question. It contains a list |
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|
1863 of regexps that matches identifiers that should be recognized as types, |
67253 | 1864 e.g. @samp{\\sw+_t} to recognize all identifiers ending with @samp{_t} |
53118
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|
1865 as is customary in C code. Each regexp should not match more than a |
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1866 single identifier. |
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1867 |
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|
1868 The default values contain regexps for many types in standard runtime |
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|
1869 libraries that are otherwise difficult to recognize, and patterns for |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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|
1870 standard type naming conventions like the @samp{_t} suffix in C and C++. |
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1871 Java, Objective-C and Pike have as a convention to start class names |
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|
1872 with capitals, so there are patterns for that in those languages. |
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|
1873 |
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1874 Despite the names of these variables, they are not only used for |
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|
1875 fontification but in other places as well where @ccmode{} needs to |
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1876 recognize types. |
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1877 @end defopt |
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|
1878 |
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1879 |
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1880 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
67253 | 1881 @node Faces, Doc Comments, Font Locking Preliminaries, Font Locking |
53118
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1882 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
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|
1883 @section Faces |
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* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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|
1884 @cindex faces |
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1885 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
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|
1886 |
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|
1887 @ccmode{} attempts to use the standard faces for programming languages |
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1888 in accordance with their intended purposes as far as possible. No extra |
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1889 faces are currently provided, with the exception of a replacement face |
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1890 @code{c-invalid-face} for emacsen that don't provide |
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1891 @code{font-lock-warning-face}. |
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|
1892 |
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|
1893 @itemize @bullet |
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1894 @item |
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1895 @vindex font-lock-comment-face |
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1896 Normal comments are fontified in @code{font-lock-comment-face}. |
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1897 |
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|
1898 @item |
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1899 @vindex font-lock-doc-face |
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1900 @vindex font-lock-doc-string-face |
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1901 @vindex font-lock-comment-face |
67253 | 1902 Comments that are recognized as documentation (@pxref{Doc Comments}) |
1903 get @code{font-lock-doc-face} (Emacs) or | |
1904 @code{font-lock-doc-string-face} (XEmacs) if those faces exist. If | |
1905 they don't then @code{font-lock-comment-face} is used. | |
53118
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1906 |
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1907 @item |
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|
1908 @vindex font-lock-string-face |
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1909 String and character literals are fontified in |
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1910 @code{font-lock-string-face}. |
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1911 |
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1912 @item |
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1913 @vindex font-lock-keyword-face |
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1914 Keywords are fontified with @code{font-lock-keyword-face}. |
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1915 |
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1916 @item |
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1917 @vindex font-lock-function-name-face |
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1918 @code{font-lock-function-name-face} is used for function names in |
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1919 declarations and definitions, and classes in those contexts. It's also |
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1920 used for preprocessor defines with arguments. |
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1921 |
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1922 @item |
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1923 @vindex font-lock-variable-name-face |
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1924 Variables in declarations and definitions, and other identifiers in such |
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1925 variable contexts, get @code{font-lock-variable-name-face}. It's also |
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1926 used for preprocessor defines without arguments. |
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1927 |
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1928 @item |
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1929 @vindex font-lock-constant-face |
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1930 @vindex font-lock-reference-face |
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1931 Builtin constants are fontified in @code{font-lock-constant-face} if it |
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1932 exists, @code{font-lock-reference-face} otherwise. As opposed to the |
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1933 preceding two faces, this is used on the names in expressions, and it's |
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1934 not used in declarations, even if there happen to be a @samp{const} in |
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1935 them somewhere. |
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1936 |
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1937 @item |
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1938 @vindex font-lock-type-face |
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1939 @code{font-lock-type-face} is put on types (both predefined and user |
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1940 defined) and classes in type contexts. |
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1941 |
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1942 @item |
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1943 @vindex font-lock-constant-face |
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1944 @vindex font-lock-reference-face |
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1945 Label identifiers get @code{font-lock-constant-face} if it exists, |
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1946 @code{font-lock-reference-face} otherwise. |
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1947 |
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1948 @item |
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1949 Name qualifiers and identifiers for scope constructs are fontified like |
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1950 labels. |
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1951 |
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1952 @item |
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1953 Special markup inside documentation comments are also fontified like |
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1954 labels. |
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1955 |
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|
1956 @item |
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1957 @vindex font-lock-preprocessor-face |
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1958 @vindex font-lock-builtin-face |
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1959 @vindex font-lock-reference-face |
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1960 Preprocessor directives get @code{font-lock-preprocessor-face} if it |
67253 | 1961 exists (i.e. XEmacs). In Emacs they get @code{font-lock-builtin-face} |
53118
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1962 or @code{font-lock-reference-face}, for lack of a closer equivalent. |
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|
1963 |
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1964 @item |
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1965 @vindex font-lock-warning-face |
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1966 @vindex c-invalid-face |
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1967 @vindex invalid-face (c-) |
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1968 Some kinds of syntactic errors are fontified with |
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|
1969 @code{font-lock-warning-face} in Emacs. In older XEmacs versions |
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1970 there's no corresponding standard face, so there a special |
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1971 @code{c-invalid-face} is used, which is defined to stand out sharply by |
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|
1972 default. |
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|
1973 |
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1974 Note that it's not used for @samp{#error} or @samp{#warning} directives, |
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1975 since those aren't syntactic errors in themselves. |
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1976 @end itemize |
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|
1977 |
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1978 |
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1979 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
67253 | 1980 @node Doc Comments, AWK Mode Font Locking, Faces, Font Locking |
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1981 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
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|
1982 @section Documentation Comments |
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|
1983 @cindex documentation comments |
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|
1984 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
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|
1985 |
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|
1986 There are various tools to supply documentation in the source as |
67253 | 1987 specially structured comments, e.g. the standard Javadoc tool in Java. |
53118
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1988 @ccmode{} provides an extensible mechanism to fontify such comments and |
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1989 the special markup inside them. |
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|
1990 |
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1991 @defopt c-doc-comment-style |
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1992 @vindex doc-comment-style (c-) |
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1993 This is a style variable that specifies which documentation comment |
67253 | 1994 style to recognize, e.g. @code{javadoc} for Javadoc comments. |
53118
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|
1995 |
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1996 The value may also be a list of styles, in which case all of them are |
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1997 recognized simultaneously (presumably with markup cues that don't |
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|
1998 conflict). |
04d26b9d5b56
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|
1999 |
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|
2000 The value may also be an association list to specify different comment |
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|
2001 styles for different languages. The symbol for the major mode is then |
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2002 looked up in the alist, and the value of that element is interpreted as |
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|
2003 above if found. If it isn't found then the symbol `other' is looked up |
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2004 and its value is used instead. |
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|
2005 |
67253 | 2006 The default value for @code{c-doc-comment-style} is |
2007 @w{@code{((java-mode . javadoc) (pike-mode . autodoc) (c-mode . gtkdoc))}}. | |
2008 | |
53118
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|
2009 Note that @ccmode{} uses this variable to set other variables that |
04d26b9d5b56
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|
2010 handle fontification etc. That's done at mode initialization or when |
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2011 you switch to a style which sets this variable. Thus, if you change it |
67253 | 2012 in some other way, e.g. interactively in a CC Mode buffer, you will need |
53118
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* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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|
2013 to do @kbd{M-x java-mode} (or whatever mode you're currently using) to |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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|
2014 reinitialize. |
04d26b9d5b56
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|
2015 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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|
2016 @findex c-setup-doc-comment-style |
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|
2017 @findex setup-doc-comment-style (c-) |
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|
2018 Note also that when @ccmode{} starts up, the other variables are |
04d26b9d5b56
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|
2019 modified before the mode hooks are run. If you change this variable in |
67253 | 2020 a mode hook, you'll have to call @code{c-setup-doc-comment-style} |
53118
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* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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|
2021 afterwards to redo that work. |
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|
2022 @end defopt |
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|
2023 |
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|
2024 @ccmode{} currently provides handing of the following doc comment |
04d26b9d5b56
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|
2025 styles: |
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|
2026 |
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|
2027 @table @code |
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|
2028 @item javadoc |
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|
2029 @cindex Javadoc markup |
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|
2030 Javadoc comments, the standard tool in Java. |
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|
2031 |
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|
2032 @item autodoc |
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|
2033 @cindex Pike autodoc markup |
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|
2034 For Pike autodoc markup, the standard in Pike. |
67253 | 2035 |
2036 @item gtkdoc | |
2037 @cindex GtkDoc markup | |
2038 For GtkDoc markup, widely used in the Gnome community. | |
53118
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|
2039 @end table |
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|
2040 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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|
2041 The above is by no means complete. If you'd like to see support for |
04d26b9d5b56
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|
2042 other doc comment styles, please let us know (@pxref{Mailing Lists and |
67253 | 2043 Bug Reports}). |
53118
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|
2044 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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|
2045 You can also write your own doc comment fontification support to use |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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|
2046 with @code{c-doc-comment-style}: Supply a variable or function |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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|
2047 @code{*-font-lock-keywords} where @samp{*} is the name you want to use |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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|
2048 in @code{c-doc-comment-style}. If it's a variable, it's prepended to |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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|
2049 @code{font-lock-keywords}. If it's a function, it's called at mode |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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|
2050 initialization and the result is prepended. For an example, see |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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|
2051 @code{javadoc-font-lock-keywords} in @file{cc-fonts.el}. |
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* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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|
2052 |
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* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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|
2053 If you add support for another doc comment style, please consider |
67253 | 2054 contributing it - send a note to @email{bug-cc-mode@@gnu.org}. |
2055 | |
2056 | |
2057 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
2058 @node AWK Mode Font Locking, , Doc Comments, Font Locking | |
2059 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
2060 @section AWK Mode Font Locking | |
2061 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
2062 | |
2063 The general appearance of font-locking in AWK mode is much like in any | |
2064 other programming mode. @xref{Faces For Font Lock,,,elisp, GNU Emacs | |
2065 Lisp Reference Manual}. | |
2066 | |
2067 The following faces are, however, used in a non-standard fashion in | |
2068 AWK mode: | |
25829 | 2069 |
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2070 @table @asis |
67253 | 2071 @item @code{font-lock-variable-name-face} |
2072 This face was intended for variable declarations. Since variables are | |
2073 not declared in AWK, this face is used instead for AWK system | |
2074 variables (such as @code{NF}) and ``Special File Names'' (such as | |
2075 @code{"/dev/stderr"}). | |
2076 | |
2077 @item @code{font-lock-builtin-face} (Emacs)/@code{font-lock-preprocessor-face} (XEmacs) | |
2078 This face is normally used for preprocessor directives in @ccmode{}. | |
2079 There are no such things in AWK, so this face is used instead for | |
2080 standard functions (such as @code{match}). | |
2081 | |
2082 @item @code{font-lock-string-face} | |
2083 As well as being used for strings, including localizable strings, | |
2084 (delimited by @samp{"} and @samp{_"}), this face is also used for AWK | |
2085 regular expressions (delimited by @samp{/}). | |
2086 | |
2087 @item @code{font-lock-warning-face} (Emacs)/@code{c-invalid-face} (XEmacs) | |
2088 This face highlights the following syntactically invalid AWK | |
2089 constructs: | |
2090 | |
2091 @itemize @bullet | |
2092 @item | |
2093 An unterminated string or regular expression. Here the opening | |
2094 delimiter (@samp{"} or @samp{/} or @samp{_"}) is displayed in | |
2095 @code{font-lock-warning-face}. This is most noticeable when typing in a | |
2096 new string/regular expression into a buffer, when the warning-face | |
2097 serves as a continual reminder to terminate the construct. | |
2098 | |
2099 AWK mode fontifies unterminated strings/regular expressions | |
2100 differently from other modes: Only the text up to the end of the line | |
2101 is fontified as a string (escaped newlines being handled correctly), | |
2102 rather than the text up to the next string quote. | |
2103 | |
2104 @item | |
2105 A space between the function name and opening parenthesis when calling | |
2106 a user function. The last character of the function name and the | |
2107 opening parenthesis are highlighted. This font-locking rule will | |
2108 spuriously highlight a valid concatenation expression where an | |
2109 identifier precedes a parenthesised expression. Unfortunately. | |
2110 | |
2111 @item | |
2112 Whitespace following the @samp{\} in what otherwise looks like an | |
2113 escaped newline. The @samp{\} is highlighted. | |
2114 @end itemize | |
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|
2115 @end table |
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|
2116 |
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|
2117 |
67253 | 2118 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
2119 @node Config Basics, Custom Filling and Breaking, Font Locking, Top | |
2120 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
2121 @chapter Configuration Basics | |
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2122 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
67253 | 2123 |
2124 @cindex Emacs Initiliazation File | |
2125 @cindex Configuration | |
2126 You configure @ccmode{} by setting Lisp variables and calling (and | |
2127 perhaps writing) Lisp functions@footnote{DON'T PANIC!!! This isn't | |
2128 difficult.}, which is usually done by adding code to an Emacs | |
2129 initialization file. This file might be @file{site-start.el} or | |
2130 @file{.emacs} or @file{init.el} or @file{default.el} or perhaps some | |
2131 other file. @xref{Init File,,,@emacsman{}, @emacsmantitle{}}. For | |
2132 the sake of conciseness, we just call this file ``your @file{.emacs}'' | |
2133 throughout the rest of the manual. | |
2134 | |
2135 Several of these variables (currently 16), are known collectively as | |
2136 @dfn{style variables}. @ccmode{} provides a special mechanism, known | |
2137 as @dfn{styles} to make it easier to set these variables as a group, | |
2138 to ``inherit'' settings from one style into another, and so on. Style | |
2139 variables remain ordinary Lisp variables, whose values can be read and | |
2140 changed independently of the style system. @xref{Style Variables}. | |
2141 | |
2142 There are several ways you can write the code, depending on the | |
2143 precise effect you want---they are described further down on this page. | |
2144 If you are new to @ccmode{}, we suggest you begin with the simplest | |
2145 method, ``Top-level commands or the customization interface''. | |
2146 | |
2147 If you make conflicting settings in several of these ways, the way | |
2148 that takes precedence is the one that appears latest in this list: | |
2149 @itemize @asis | |
2150 @item | |
2151 @table @asis | |
2152 @item Style | |
2153 @itemx Top-level command or ``customization interface'' | |
2154 @itemx Hook | |
2155 @itemx File Style | |
2156 @end table | |
2157 @end itemize | |
2158 | |
2159 Here is a summary of the different ways of writing your configuration | |
2160 settings: | |
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2161 |
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2162 @table @asis |
67253 | 2163 @item Top-level commands or the ``customization interface'' |
2164 Most simply, you can write @code{setq} and similar commands at the top | |
2165 level of your @file{.emacs} file. When you load a @ccmode{} buffer, | |
2166 it initializes its configuration from these global values (at least, | |
2167 for those settings you have given values to), so it makes sense to | |
2168 have these @code{setq} commands run @emph{before} @ccmode{} is first | |
2169 initialized---in particular, before any call to @code{desktop-read} | |
2170 (@pxref{Saving Emacs Sessions,,, emacs, GNU Emacs Manual}). For | |
2171 example, you might set c-basic-offset thus: | |
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2172 |
25829 | 2173 @example |
67253 | 2174 (setq c-basic-offset 4) |
25829 | 2175 @end example |
2176 | |
67253 | 2177 You can use the more user friendly Customization interface instead, |
2178 but this manual does not cover in detail how that works. To do this, | |
2179 start by typing @kbd{M-x customize-group @key{RET} c @key{RET}}. | |
2180 @xref{Easy Customization,,,@emacsman{}, @emacsmantitle{}}. | |
2181 @c The following note really belongs in the Emacs manual. | |
2182 Emacs normally writes the customizations at the end of your | |
2183 @file{.emacs} file. If you use @code{desktop-read}, you should edit | |
2184 your @file{.emacs} to place the call to @code{desktop-read} @emph{after} | |
2185 the customizations. | |
2186 | |
2187 The first initialization of @ccmode{} puts a snapshot of the | |
2188 configuration settings into the special style @code{user}. | |
2189 @xref{Built-in Styles}. | |
2190 | |
2191 For basic use of Emacs, either of these ways of configuring is | |
2192 adequate. However, the settings are then the same in all @ccmode{} | |
2193 buffers and it can be clumsy to communicate them between programmers. | |
2194 For more flexibility, you'll want to use one (or both) of @ccmode{}'s | |
2195 more sophisticated facilities, hooks and styles. | |
2196 | |
2197 @item Hooks | |
2198 An Emacs @dfn{hook} is a place to put Lisp functions that you want | |
2199 Emacs to execute later in specific circumstances. | |
2200 @xref{Hooks,,,@lispref{}, @lispreftitle{}}. @ccmode{} supplies a main | |
2201 hook and a language-specific hook for each language it supports - any | |
2202 functions you put onto these hooks get executed as the last part of a | |
2203 buffer's initialization. Typically you put most of your customization | |
2204 within the main hook, and use the language-specific hooks to vary the | |
2205 customization settings between language modes. For example, if you | |
2206 wanted different (non-standard) values of @code{c-basic-offset} in C | |
2207 Mode and Java Mode buffers, you could do it like this: | |
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2208 |
25829 | 2209 @example |
2210 @group | |
67253 | 2211 (defun my-c-mode-hook () |
2212 (setq c-basic-offset 3)) | |
2213 (add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'my-c-mode-hook) | |
2214 | |
2215 (defun my-java-mode-hook () | |
2216 (setq c-basic-offset 6)) | |
2217 (add-hook 'java-mode-hook 'my-java-mode-hook) | |
25829 | 2218 @end group |
2219 @end example | |
2220 | |
67253 | 2221 See @ref{CC Hooks} for more details on the use of @ccmode{} hooks. |
2222 | |
2223 @item Styles | |
2224 A @ccmode{} @dfn{style} is a coherent collection of customizations | |
2225 with a name. At any time, exactly one style is active in each | |
2226 @ccmode{} buffer, either the one you have selected or a default. | |
2227 @ccmode{} is delivered with several existing styles. Additionally, | |
2228 you can create your own styles, possibly based on these existing | |
2229 styles. If you worked in a programming team called the ``Free | |
2230 Group'', which had its own coding standards, you might well have this | |
2231 in your @file{.emacs} file: | |
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2232 |
25829 | 2233 @example |
67253 | 2234 (setq c-default-style '((java-mode . "java") |
2235 (awk-mode . "awk") | |
2236 (other . "free-group-style"))) | |
25829 | 2237 @end example |
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2238 |
67253 | 2239 See @ref{Styles} for fuller details on using @ccmode{} styles and how |
2240 to create them. | |
2241 | |
2242 @item File Styles | |
2243 A @dfn{file style} is a rarely used variant of the ``style'' mechanism | |
2244 described above, which applies to an individual source file. To use | |
2245 it, you set certain Emacs local variables in a special block at the | |
2246 end of the source file. @xref{File Styles}. | |
2247 | |
2248 @item Hooks with Styles | |
2249 For ultimate flexibility, you can use hooks and styles together. For | |
2250 example, if your team were developing a product which required a | |
2251 Linux driver, you'd probably want to use the ``linux'' style for the | |
2252 driver, and your own team's style for the rest of the code. You | |
2253 could achieve this with code like this in your @file{.emacs}: | |
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2254 |
25829 | 2255 @example |
2256 @group | |
67253 | 2257 (defun my-c-mode-hook () |
2258 (c-set-style | |
2259 (if (and (buffer-file-name) | |
2260 (string-match "/usr/src/linux" (buffer-file-name))) | |
2261 "linux" | |
2262 "free-group-style"))) | |
2263 (add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'my-c-mode-hook) | |
25829 | 2264 @end group |
2265 @end example | |
2266 | |
67253 | 2267 In a programming team, a hook is a also a good place for each member |
2268 to put his own personal preferences. For example, you might be the | |
2269 only person in your team who likes Auto-newline minor mode. You could | |
2270 have it enabled by default by placing the following in your | |
2271 @file{.emacs}: | |
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2272 |
25829 | 2273 @example |
2274 @group | |
67253 | 2275 (defun my-turn-on-auto-newline () |
2276 (c-toggle-auto-newline 1)) | |
2277 (add-hook 'c-mode-common-hook 'my-turn-on-auto-newline) | |
25829 | 2278 @end group |
2279 @end example | |
67253 | 2280 @end table |
2281 | |
2282 @menu | |
2283 * CC Hooks:: | |
2284 * Style Variables:: | |
2285 * Styles:: | |
2286 @end menu | |
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2287 |
25829 | 2288 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
67253 | 2289 @node CC Hooks, Style Variables, Config Basics, Config Basics |
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2290 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
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2291 @section Hooks |
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2292 @cindex mode hooks |
25829 | 2293 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
67253 | 2294 @c The node name is "CC Hooks" rather than "Hooks" because of a bug in |
2295 @c some older versions of Info, e.g. the info.el in GNU Emacs 21.3. | |
2296 @c If you go to "Config Basics" and hit <CR> on the xref to "CC | |
2297 @c Hooks" the function Info-follow-reference searches for "*Note: CC | |
2298 @c Hooks" from the beginning of the page. If this node were instead | |
2299 @c named "Hooks", that search would spuriously find "*Note: | |
2300 @c Hooks(elisp)" and go to the wrong node. | |
2301 | |
2302 @ccmode{} provides several hooks that you can use to customize the | |
2303 mode for your coding style. The main hook is | |
2304 @code{c-mode-common-hook}; typically, you'll put the bulk of your | |
2305 customizations here. In addition, each language mode has its own | |
2306 hook, allowing you to fine tune your settings individually for the | |
2307 different @ccmode{} languages, and there is a package initialization | |
2308 hook. Finally, there is @code{c-special-indent-hook}, which enables | |
2309 you to solve anomalous indentation problems. It is described in | |
2310 @ref{Other Indentation}, not here. All these hooks adhere to the | |
2311 standard Emacs conventions. | |
2312 | |
2313 When you open a buffer, @ccmode{} first initializes it with the | |
2314 currently active style (@pxref{Styles}). Then it calls | |
2315 @code{c-mode-common-hook}, and finally it calls the language-specific | |
2316 hook. Thus, any style settings done in these hooks will override | |
2317 those set by @code{c-default-style}. | |
25829 | 2318 |
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2319 @defvar c-initialization-hook |
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2320 @vindex initialization-hook (c-) |
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2321 Hook run only once per Emacs session, when @ccmode{} is initialized. |
67253 | 2322 This is a good place to change key bindings (or add new ones) in any |
2323 of the @ccmode{} key maps. @xref{Sample .emacs File}. | |
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2324 @end defvar |
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2325 |
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2326 @defvar c-mode-common-hook |
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2327 @vindex mode-common-hook (c-) |
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2328 Common hook across all languages. It's run immediately before the |
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2329 language specific hook. |
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2330 @end defvar |
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2331 |
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2332 @defvar c-mode-hook |
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2333 @defvarx c++-mode-hook |
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2334 @defvarx objc-mode-hook |
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2335 @defvarx java-mode-hook |
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2336 @defvarx idl-mode-hook |
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2337 @defvarx pike-mode-hook |
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2338 @defvarx awk-mode-hook |
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2339 The language specific mode hooks. The appropriate one is run as the |
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2340 last thing when you enter that language mode. |
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2341 @end defvar |
36923 | 2342 |
67253 | 2343 Although these hooks are variables defined in @ccmode{}, you can give |
2344 them values before @ccmode{}'s code is loaded - indeed, this is the | |
2345 only way to use @code{c-initialization-hook}. Their values aren't | |
2346 overwritten when @ccmode{} gets loaded. | |
25829 | 2347 |
2348 Here's a simplified example of what you can add to your @file{.emacs} | |
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2349 file to do things whenever any @ccmode{} language is edited. See the |
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2350 Emacs manuals for more information on customizing Emacs via hooks. |
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2351 @xref{Sample .emacs File}, for a more complete sample @file{.emacs} |
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2352 file. |
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2353 |
25829 | 2354 @example |
2355 (defun my-c-mode-common-hook () | |
2356 ;; my customizations for all of c-mode and related modes | |
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2357 (no-case-fold-search) |
25829 | 2358 ) |
2359 (add-hook 'c-mode-common-hook 'my-c-mode-common-hook) | |
2360 @end example | |
2361 | |
67253 | 2362 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
2363 @node Style Variables, Styles, CC Hooks, Config Basics | |
2364 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
2365 @section Style Variables | |
2366 @cindex styles | |
2367 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
2368 | |
2369 @cindex style variables | |
2370 The variables that @ccmode{}'s style system control are called | |
2371 @dfn{style variables}. Note that style variables are ordinary Lisp | |
2372 variables, which the style system initializes; you can change their | |
2373 values at any time (e.g. in a hook function). The style system can | |
2374 also also set other variables, to some extent. @xref{Styles}. | |
2375 | |
2376 @dfn{Style variables} are handled specially in several ways: | |
2377 | |
2378 @itemize @bullet | |
2379 @item | |
2380 Style variables are by default buffer-local variables. However, they | |
2381 can instead be made global by setting | |
2382 @code{c-style-variables-are-local-p} to @code{nil} before @ccmode{} is | |
2383 initialized. | |
2384 | |
2385 @item | |
2386 @vindex c-old-style-variable-behavior | |
2387 @vindex old-style-variable-behavior (c-) | |
2388 The default global binding of any style variable (with two exceptions | |
2389 - see below) is the special symbol @code{set-from-style}. When the | |
2390 style system initializes a buffer-local copy of a style variable for a | |
2391 @ccmode{} buffer, if its global binding is still that symbol then it | |
2392 will be set from the current style. Otherwise it will retain its | |
2393 global default@footnote{This is a big change from versions of | |
2394 @ccmode{} earlier than 5.26, where such settings would get overridden | |
2395 by the style system unless special precautions were taken. That was | |
2396 changed since it was counterintuitive and confusing, especially to | |
2397 novice users. If your configuration depends on the old overriding | |
2398 behavior, you can set the variable | |
2399 @code{c-old-style-variable-behavior} to non-@code{nil}.}. This | |
2400 ``otherwise'' happens, for example, when you've set the variable with | |
2401 @code{setq} at the top level of your @file{.emacs} (@pxref{Config | |
2402 Basics}). | |
2403 | |
2404 @item | |
2405 The style variable @code{c-offsets-alist} (@pxref{c-offsets-alist}) is | |
2406 an association list with an element for each syntactic symbol. It's | |
2407 handled a little differently from the other style variables. It's | |
2408 default global binding is the empty list @code{nil}, rather than | |
2409 @code{set-from-style}. Before the style system is initialized, you | |
2410 can add individual elements to @code{c-offsets-alist} by calling | |
2411 @code{c-set-offset}(@pxref{c-offsets-alist}) just like you would set | |
2412 other style variables with @code{setq}. Those elements will then | |
2413 prevail when the style system later initializes a buffer-local copy of | |
2414 @code{c-offsets-alist}. | |
2415 | |
2416 @item | |
2417 The style variable @code{c-special-indent-hook} is also handled in a | |
2418 special way. Styles can only add functions to this hook, not remove | |
2419 them, so any global settings you put on it are always | |
2420 preserved@footnote{This did not change in version 5.26.}. The value | |
2421 you give this variable in a style definition can be either a function | |
2422 or a list of functions. | |
2423 | |
2424 @item | |
2425 The global bindings of the style variables get captured in the special | |
2426 @code{user} style when the style system is first initialized. | |
2427 @xref{Built-in Styles}, for details. | |
2428 @end itemize | |
2429 | |
2430 The style variables are:@* | |
2431 @code{c-indent-comment-alist}, | |
2432 @code{c-indent-comments-syntactically-p} (@pxref{Indentation | |
2433 Commands});@* | |
2434 @code{c-doc-comment-style} (@pxref{Doc Comments});@* | |
2435 @code{c-block-comment-prefix}, @code{c-comment-prefix-regexp} | |
2436 (@pxref{Custom Filling and Breaking});@* | |
2437 @code{c-hanging-braces-alist} (@pxref{Hanging Braces});@* | |
2438 @code{c-hanging-colons-alist} (@pxref{Hanging Colons});@* | |
2439 @code{c-hanging-semi&comma-criteria} (@pxref{Hanging Semicolons and | |
2440 Commas});@* | |
2441 @code{c-cleanup-list} (@pxref{Clean-ups});@* | |
2442 @code{c-basic-offset} (@pxref{Customizing Indentation});@* | |
2443 @code{c-offsets-alist} (@pxref{c-offsets-alist});@* | |
2444 @code{c-comment-only-line-offset} (@pxref{Comment Line-Up});@* | |
2445 @code{c-special-indent-hook}, @code{c-label-minimum-indentation} | |
2446 (@pxref{Other Indentation});@* | |
2447 @code{c-backslash-column}, @code{c-backslash-max-column} | |
2448 (@pxref{Custom Macros}). | |
25829 | 2449 |
2450 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
67253 | 2451 @node Styles, , Style Variables, Config Basics |
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2452 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
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2453 @section Styles |
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2454 @cindex styles |
25829 | 2455 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
2456 | |
2457 Most people only need to edit code formatted in just a few well-defined | |
2458 and consistent styles. For example, their organization might impose a | |
2459 ``blessed'' style that all its programmers must conform to. Similarly, | |
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2460 people who work on GNU software will have to use the GNU coding style. |
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2461 Some shops are more lenient, allowing a variety of coding styles, and as |
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2462 programmers come and go, there could be a number of styles in use. For |
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2463 this reason, @ccmode{} makes it convenient for you to set up logical |
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2464 groupings of customizations called @dfn{styles}, associate a single name |
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changeset
|
2465 for any particular style, and pretty easily start editing new or |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
2466 existing code using these styles. |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
2467 |
25829 | 2468 @menu |
67253 | 2469 * Built-in Styles:: |
2470 * Choosing a Style:: | |
2471 * Adding Styles:: | |
2472 * File Styles:: | |
25829 | 2473 @end menu |
2474 | |
2475 | |
2476 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
67253 | 2477 @node Built-in Styles, Choosing a Style, Styles, Styles |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
2478 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
2479 @subsection Built-in Styles |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2480 @cindex styles, built-in |
25829 | 2481 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
2482 | |
2483 If you're lucky, one of @ccmode{}'s built-in styles might be just | |
67253 | 2484 what you're looking for. These are: |
25829 | 2485 |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2486 @table @code |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2487 @item gnu |
25829 | 2488 @cindex GNU style |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2489 Coding style blessed by the Free Software Foundation |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
2490 for C code in GNU programs. |
25829 | 2491 |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2492 @item k&r |
25829 | 2493 @cindex K&R style |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2494 The classic Kernighan and Ritchie style for C code. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2495 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2496 @item bsd |
25829 | 2497 @cindex BSD style |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2498 Also known as ``Allman style'' after Eric Allman. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2499 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2500 @item whitesmith |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2501 @cindex Whitesmith style |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2502 Popularized by the examples that came with Whitesmiths C, an early |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2503 commercial C compiler. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2504 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2505 @item stroustrup |
25829 | 2506 @cindex Stroustrup style |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2507 The classic Stroustrup style for C++ code. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2508 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2509 @item ellemtel |
25829 | 2510 @cindex Ellemtel style |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2511 Popular C++ coding standards as defined by ``Programming in C++, Rules |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2512 and Recommendations,'' Erik Nyquist and Mats Henricson, |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2513 Ellemtel@footnote{This document is available at |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
2514 @uref{http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/lab/cplus/c++.rules/} among other |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
2515 places.}. |
67253 | 2516 @c N.B. This URL was still valid at 2005/8/28 (ACM). |
25829 | 2517 |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2518 @item linux |
25829 | 2519 @cindex Linux style |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2520 C coding standard for Linux (the kernel). |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2521 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2522 @item python |
25829 | 2523 @cindex Python style |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2524 C coding standard for Python extension modules@footnote{Python is a |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2525 high level scripting language with a C/C++ foreign function interface. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2526 For more information, see @uref{http://www.python.org/}.}. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2527 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2528 @item java |
25829 | 2529 @cindex Java style |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2530 The style for editing Java code. Note that the default |
36923 | 2531 value for @code{c-default-style} installs this style when you enter |
2532 @code{java-mode}. | |
25829 | 2533 |
67253 | 2534 @item awk |
2535 @cindex AWK style | |
2536 The style for editing AWK code. Note that the default value for | |
2537 @code{c-default-style} installs this style when you enter | |
2538 @code{awk-mode}. | |
2539 | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2540 @item user |
25829 | 2541 @cindex User style |
67253 | 2542 This is a special style created by you. It consists of the factory |
2543 defaults for all the style variables as modified by the customizations | |
2544 you do either with the Customization interface or by writing | |
2545 @code{setq}s and @code{c-set-offset}s at the top level of your | |
2546 @file{.emacs} file (@pxref{Config Basics}). The style system creates | |
2547 this style as part of its initialization and doesn't modify it | |
2548 afterwards. | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2549 @end table |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2550 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2551 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2552 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2553 @node Choosing a Style, Adding Styles, Built-in Styles, Styles |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2554 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2555 @subsection Choosing a Style |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2556 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2557 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2558 Use @kbd{C-c .} to choose a style interactively: |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2559 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2560 @deffn Command c-set-style style-name |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2561 @findex set-style (c-) |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2562 @kindex C-c . |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2563 Switch to the specified style in the current buffer. Use |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2564 interactively like this: |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2565 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2566 @example |
67253 | 2567 @kbd{C-c . @var{style-name} @key{RET}} |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2568 @end example |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2569 |
67253 | 2570 You can use the @key{TAB} in the normal way to do completion on the |
2571 style name. Note that all style names are case insensitive, even the | |
2572 ones you define yourself. | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2573 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2574 Setting a style in this way does @emph{not} automatically reindent your |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2575 file. For commands that you can use to view the effect of your changes, |
67253 | 2576 see @ref{Indentation Commands} and @ref{Filling and Breaking}. |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2577 @end deffn |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2578 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2579 The default style in all newly created buffers is @code{gnu}, except |
67253 | 2580 in Java and AWK modes where it's @code{java} and @code{awk}. |
2581 | |
2582 Remember that if you set a style variable with the Customization | |
2583 interface or at the top level of your @file{.emacs} file before the | |
2584 style system is initialised (@pxref{Config Basics}), this setting will | |
2585 override the one that the style system would have given the variable. | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2586 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2587 @defopt c-default-style |
25829 | 2588 @vindex default-style (c-) |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2589 This variable specifies which style to install by default in new |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2590 buffers. It takes either a style name string, or an association list |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2591 of major mode symbols to style names: |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2592 |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
2593 @enumerate |
25829 | 2594 @item |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
2595 When @code{c-default-style} is a string, it must be an existing style |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2596 name. This style is then used for all modes. |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
2597 |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
2598 @item |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2599 When @code{c-default-style} is an association list, the mode language |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2600 is looked up to find a style name string. |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
2601 |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
2602 @item |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2603 If @code{c-default-style} is an association list where the mode |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2604 language mode isn't found then the special symbol @samp{other} is |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2605 looked up. If it's found then the associated style is used. |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
2606 |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
2607 @item |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2608 If @samp{other} is not found then the @samp{gnu} style is used. |
67253 | 2609 @end enumerate |
2610 | |
59996
aac0a33f5772
Change release version from 21.4 to 22.1 throughout.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
59032
diff
changeset
|
2611 In all cases, the style described in @code{c-default-style} is installed |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
2612 @emph{before} the language hooks are run, so you can always override |
59996
aac0a33f5772
Change release version from 21.4 to 22.1 throughout.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
59032
diff
changeset
|
2613 this setting by including an explicit call to @code{c-set-style} in your |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
2614 language mode hook, or in @code{c-mode-common-hook}. |
67253 | 2615 |
2616 The standard value of @code{c-default-style} is @w{@code{((java-mode | |
2617 . "java") (awk-mode . "awk") (other . "gnu"))}}. | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2618 @end defopt |
04d26b9d5b56
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2619 |
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2620 @defvar c-indentation-style |
25829 | 2621 @vindex indentation-style (c-) |
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2622 This variable always contains the buffer's current style name, as a |
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2623 string. |
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2624 @end defvar |
25829 | 2625 |
2626 | |
2627 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
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2628 @node Adding Styles, File Styles, Choosing a Style, Styles |
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2629 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
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2630 @subsection Adding and Amending Styles |
25829 | 2631 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
2632 | |
2633 If none of the built-in styles is appropriate, you'll probably want to | |
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2634 create a new @dfn{style definition}, possibly based on an existing |
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2635 style. To do this, put the new style's settings into a list with the |
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2636 following format - the list can then be passed as an argument to the |
67253 | 2637 function @code{c-add-style}. You can see an example of a style |
2638 definition in @ref{Sample .emacs File}. | |
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2639 |
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2640 @cindex style definition |
67253 | 2641 @c @defvr {List} style definition |
2642 @table @asis | |
2643 @item Structure of a Style Definition List | |
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2644 ([@var{base-style}] [(@var{variable} . @var{value}) @dots{}]) |
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2645 |
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2646 Optional @var{base-style}, if present, must be a string which is the |
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2647 name of the @dfn{base style} from which this style inherits. At most |
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2648 one @var{base-style} is allowed in a style definition. If |
67253 | 2649 @var{base-style} is not specified, the style inherits from the table |
2650 of factory default values@footnote{This table is stored internally in | |
2651 the variable c-fallback-style.} instead. All styles eventually | |
2652 inherit from this internal table. Style loops generate errors. The | |
2653 list of pre-existing styles can be seen in @ref{Built-in Styles}. | |
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2654 |
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2655 The dotted pairs (@var{variable} . @var{value}) each consist of a |
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2656 variable and the value it is to be set to when the style is later |
67253 | 2657 activated.@footnote{Note that if the variable has been given a value |
2658 by the Customization interface or a @code{setq} at the top level of | |
2659 your @file{.emacs}, this value will override the one the style system | |
2660 tries to give it. @xref{Config Basics}.} The variable can be either a | |
2661 @ccmode{} style variable or an arbitrary Emacs variable. In the | |
2662 latter case, it is @emph{not} made buffer-local by the @ccmode{} style | |
2663 system. | |
2664 @c @end defvr | |
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2665 |
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2666 Two variables are treated specially in the dotted pair list: |
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2667 |
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2668 @table @code |
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2669 @item c-offsets-alist |
67253 | 2670 The value is in turn a list of dotted pairs of the form |
2671 | |
2672 @example | |
2673 (@r{@var{syntactic-symbol}} . @r{@var{offset}}) | |
2674 @end example | |
2675 | |
2676 as described in @ref{c-offsets-alist}. These are passed to | |
2677 @code{c-set-offset} so there is no need to set every syntactic symbol | |
2678 in your style, only those that are different from the inherited style. | |
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2679 |
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2680 @item c-special-indent-hook |
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2681 The value is added to @code{c-special-indent-hook} using |
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2682 @code{add-hook}, so any functions already on it are kept. If the value |
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2683 is a list, each element of the list is added with @code{add-hook}. |
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2684 @end table |
67253 | 2685 @end table |
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2686 |
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2687 Styles are kept in the @code{c-style-alist} variable, but you |
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2688 should never modify this variable directly. Instead, @ccmode{} |
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2689 provides the function @code{c-add-style} for this purpose. |
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2690 |
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2691 @defun c-add-style stylename description &optional set-p |
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2692 @findex add-style (c-) |
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2693 Add or update a style called @var{stylename}, a string. |
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2694 @var{description} is the new style definition in the form described |
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2695 above. If @var{stylename} already exists in @code{c-style-alist} then |
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2696 it is replaced by @var{description}. (Note, this replacement is |
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2697 total. The old style is @emph{not} merged into the new one.) |
67253 | 2698 Otherwise, a new style is added. |
2699 | |
2700 If the optional @var{set-p} is non-@code{nil} then the new style is | |
2701 applied to the current buffer as well. The use of this facility is | |
2702 deprecated and it might be removed from @ccmode{} in a future release. | |
2703 You should use @code{c-set-style} instead. | |
25829 | 2704 |
2705 The sample @file{.emacs} file provides a concrete example of how a new | |
2706 style can be added and automatically set. @xref{Sample .emacs File}. | |
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2707 @end defun |
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2708 |
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2709 @defvar c-style-alist |
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2710 @vindex style-alist (c-) |
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2711 This is the variable that holds the definitions for the styles. It |
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2712 should not be changed directly; use @code{c-add-style} instead. |
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2713 @end defvar |
25829 | 2714 |
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2715 |
25829 | 2716 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
67253 | 2717 @node File Styles, , Adding Styles, Styles |
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2718 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
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2719 @subsection File Styles |
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2720 @cindex styles, file local |
25829 | 2721 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
2722 | |
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2723 @cindex file local variables |
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2724 |
67253 | 2725 The Emacs manual describes how you can customize certain variables on a |
2726 per-file basis by including a @dfn{file local variable} block at the end | |
2727 of the file (@pxref{File Variables,, Local Variables in Files, @emacsman{}, | |
2728 @emacsmantitle{}}). | |
2729 | |
2730 So far, you've only seen a functional interface for setting styles in | |
2731 @ccmode{}, and this can't be used here. @ccmode{} fills the gap by | |
2732 providing two variables for use in a file's local variable list. | |
2733 Don't use them anywhere else! These allow you to customize the style | |
2734 on a per-file basis: | |
53118
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2735 |
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2736 @defvar c-file-style |
25829 | 2737 @vindex file-style (c-) |
67253 | 2738 Set this variable to a style name string in the Local Variables list. |
2739 From now on, when you visit the file, @ccmode{} will automatically set | |
2740 the file's style to this one using @code{c-set-style}. | |
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2741 @end defvar |
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2742 |
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2743 @defvar c-file-offsets |
25829 | 2744 @vindex file-offsets (c-) |
67253 | 2745 Set this variable (in the Local Variables list) to an association list |
2746 of the same format as @code{c-offsets-alist}. From now on, when you | |
2747 visit the file, @ccmode{} will automatically institute these offsets | |
2748 using @code{c-set-offset}. | |
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2749 @end defvar |
25829 | 2750 |
67253 | 2751 Note that file style settings (i.e. @code{c-file-style}) are applied |
2752 before file offset settings | |
2753 (i.e. @code{c-file-offsets})@footnote{Also, if either of these are set | |
2754 in a file's local variable section, all the style variable values are | |
2755 made local to that buffer, even if | |
2756 @code{c-style-variables-are-local-p} is @code{nil}. Since this | |
2757 variable is virtually always non-@code{nil} anyhow, you're unlikely to | |
2758 notice this effect.}. | |
2759 | |
2760 If you set any variables, including style variables, by the file local | |
2761 variables mechanism, these settings take priority over all other | |
2762 settings, even those in your mode hooks (@pxref{CC Hooks}). If you | |
2763 use @code{c-file-style} or @code{c-file-offsets} and also explicitly | |
2764 set a style variable in a local variable block, the explicit setting | |
2765 will take priority. | |
25829 | 2766 |
2767 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
67253 | 2768 @node Custom Filling and Breaking, Custom Auto-newlines, Config Basics, Top |
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2769 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
67253 | 2770 @chapter Customizing Filling and Line Breaking |
25829 | 2771 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
2772 | |
67253 | 2773 Since there's a lot of normal text in comments and string literals, |
2774 @ccmode{} provides features to edit these like in text mode. It does | |
2775 this by hooking in on the different line breaking functions and tuning | |
2776 relevant variables as necessary. | |
2777 | |
2778 @vindex c-comment-prefix-regexp | |
2779 @vindex comment-prefix-regexp (c-) | |
2780 @cindex comment line prefix | |
2781 @vindex comment-start | |
2782 @vindex comment-end | |
2783 @vindex comment-start-skip | |
2784 @vindex paragraph-start | |
2785 @vindex paragraph-separate | |
2786 @vindex paragraph-ignore-fill-prefix | |
2787 @vindex adaptive-fill-mode | |
2788 @vindex adaptive-fill-regexp | |
2789 @vindex adaptive-fill-first-line-regexp | |
2790 To make Emacs recognize comments and treat text in them as normal | |
2791 paragraphs, @ccmode{} makes several standard | |
2792 variables@footnote{@code{comment-start}, @code{comment-end}, | |
2793 @code{comment-start-skip}, @code{paragraph-start}, | |
2794 @code{paragraph-separate}, @code{paragraph-ignore-fill-prefix}, | |
2795 @code{adaptive-fill-mode}, @code{adaptive-fill-regexp}, and | |
2796 @code{adaptive-fill-first-line-regexp}.} buffer-local and modifies them | |
2797 according to the language syntax and the comment line prefix. | |
2798 | |
2799 @defopt c-comment-prefix-regexp | |
2800 @vindex comment-prefix-regexp (c-) | |
2801 This style variable contains the regexp used to recognize the | |
2802 @dfn{comment line prefix}, which is the line decoration that starts | |
2803 every line in a comment. The variable is either the comment line | |
2804 prefix itself, or (more usually) an association list with different | |
2805 values for different languages. The symbol for the major mode is | |
2806 looked up in the alist to get the regexp for the language, and if it | |
2807 isn't found then the special symbol @samp{other} is looked up instead. | |
2808 | |
2809 When a comment line gets divided by @kbd{M-j} or the like, @ccmode{} | |
2810 inserts the comment line prefix from a neighbouring line at the start | |
2811 of the new line. The default value of c-comment-prefix-regexp is | |
2812 @samp{//+\\|\\**}, which matches C++ style line comments like | |
2813 | |
2814 @example | |
2815 // blah blah | |
2816 @end example | |
2817 | |
2818 @noindent | |
2819 with two or more slashes in front of them, and the second and | |
2820 subsequent lines of C style block comments like | |
2821 | |
2822 @example | |
2823 @group | |
2824 /* | |
2825 * blah blah | |
2826 */ | |
2827 @end group | |
2828 @end example | |
2829 | |
2830 @noindent | |
2831 with zero or more stars at the beginning of every line. If you change | |
2832 this variable, please make sure it still matches the comment starter | |
2833 (i.e. @code{//}) of line comments @emph{and} the line prefix inside | |
2834 block comments. | |
2835 | |
2836 @findex c-setup-paragraph-variables | |
2837 @findex setup-paragraph-variables (c-) | |
2838 Also note that since @ccmode{} uses the value of | |
2839 @code{c-comment-prefix-regexp} to set up several other variables at | |
2840 mode initialization, there won't be any effect if you just change it | |
2841 inside a @ccmode{} buffer. You need to call the command | |
2842 @code{c-setup-paragraph-variables} too, to update those other | |
2843 variables. That's also the case if you modify | |
2844 @code{c-comment-prefix-regexp} in a mode hook, since @ccmode{} will | |
2845 already have set up these variables before calling the hook. | |
2846 @end defopt | |
2847 | |
2848 In comments, @ccmode{} uses @code{c-comment-prefix-regexp} to adapt | |
2849 the line prefix from the other lines in the comment. | |
2850 | |
2851 @vindex adaptive-fill-mode | |
2852 @cindex Adaptive Fill mode | |
2853 @ccmode{} uses adaptive fill mode (@pxref{Adaptive Fill,,, emacs, GNU | |
2854 Emacs Manual}) to make Emacs correctly keep the line prefix when | |
2855 filling paragraphs. That also makes Emacs preserve the text | |
2856 indentation @emph{inside} the comment line prefix. E.g. in the | |
2857 following comment, both paragraphs will be filled with the left | |
2858 margins of the texts kept intact: | |
2859 | |
2860 @example | |
2861 @group | |
2862 /* Make a balanced b-tree of the nodes in the incoming | |
2863 * stream. But, to quote the famous words of Donald E. | |
2864 * Knuth, | |
2865 * | |
2866 * Beware of bugs in the above code; I have only | |
2867 * proved it correct, not tried it. | |
2868 */ | |
2869 @end group | |
2870 @end example | |
2871 | |
2872 @findex c-setup-filladapt | |
2873 @findex setup-filladapt (c-) | |
2874 @findex filladapt-mode | |
2875 @vindex filladapt-mode | |
2876 @cindex Filladapt mode | |
2877 It's also possible to use other adaptive filling packages, notably Kyle | |
2878 E. Jones' Filladapt package@footnote{It's available from | |
2879 @uref{http://www.wonderworks.com/}. As of version 2.12, it does however | |
2880 lack a feature that makes it work suboptimally when | |
2881 @code{c-comment-prefix-regexp} matches the empty string (which it does | |
2882 by default). A patch for that is available from | |
2883 @uref{http://cc-mode.sourceforge.net/,, the CC Mode web site}.}, | |
2884 @c 2005/11/22: The above is still believed to be the case. | |
2885 which handles things like bulleted lists nicely. There's a convenience | |
2886 function @code{c-setup-filladapt} that tunes the relevant variables in | |
2887 Filladapt for use in @ccmode{}. Call it from a mode hook, e.g. with | |
2888 something like this in your @file{.emacs}: | |
2889 | |
2890 @example | |
2891 (defun my-c-mode-common-hook () | |
2892 (c-setup-filladapt) | |
2893 (filladapt-mode 1)) | |
2894 (add-hook 'c-mode-common-hook 'my-c-mode-common-hook) | |
2895 @end example | |
2896 | |
2897 @defopt c-block-comment-prefix | |
2898 @vindex block-comment-prefix (c-) | |
2899 @vindex c-comment-continuation-stars | |
2900 @vindex comment-continuation-stars (c-) | |
2901 Normally the comment line prefix inserted for a new line inside a | |
2902 comment is deduced from other lines in it. However there's one | |
2903 situation when there's no hint about what the prefix should look like, | |
2904 namely when a block comment is broken for the first time. This style | |
2905 variable@footnote{In versions before 5.26, this variable was called | |
2906 @code{c-comment-continuation-stars}. As a compatibility measure, | |
2907 @ccmode{} still uses the value on that variable if it's set.} is used | |
2908 then as the comment prefix. It defaults to @samp{* | |
2909 }@footnote{Actually, this default setting of | |
2910 @code{c-block-comment-prefix} typically gets overriden by the default | |
2911 style @code{gnu}, which sets it to blank. You can see the line | |
2912 splitting effect described here by setting a different style, | |
2913 e.g. @code{k&r} @xref{Choosing a Style}.}, which makes a comment | |
2914 | |
2915 @example | |
2916 /* Got O(n^2) here, which is a Bad Thing. */ | |
2917 @end example | |
2918 | |
2919 @noindent | |
2920 break into | |
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2921 |
25829 | 2922 @example |
2923 @group | |
67253 | 2924 /* Got O(n^2) here, which |
2925 * is a Bad Thing. */ | |
25829 | 2926 @end group |
2927 @end example | |
2928 | |
67253 | 2929 Note that it won't work to adjust the indentation by putting leading |
2930 spaces in @code{c-block-comment-prefix}, since @ccmode{} still uses the | |
2931 normal indentation engine to indent the line. Thus, the right way to | |
2932 fix the indentation is by customizing the @code{c} syntactic symbol. It | |
2933 defaults to @code{c-lineup-C-comments}, which handles the indentation of | |
2934 most common comment styles, see @ref{Line-Up Functions}. | |
2935 @end defopt | |
2936 | |
2937 @defopt c-ignore-auto-fill | |
2938 @vindex ignore-auto-fill (c-) | |
2939 When auto fill mode is enabled, @ccmode{} can selectively ignore it | |
2940 depending on the context the line break would occur in, e.g. to never | |
2941 break a line automatically inside a string literal. This variable | |
2942 takes a list of symbols for the different contexts where auto-filling | |
2943 never should occur: | |
2944 | |
2945 @table @code | |
2946 @item string | |
2947 Inside a string or character literal. | |
2948 @item c | |
2949 Inside a C style block comment. | |
2950 @item c++ | |
2951 Inside a C++ style line comment. | |
2952 @item cpp | |
2953 Inside a preprocessor directive. | |
2954 @item code | |
2955 Anywhere else, i.e. in normal code. | |
2956 @end table | |
2957 | |
2958 By default, @code{c-ignore-auto-fill} is set to @code{(string cpp | |
2959 code)}, which means that when auto-fill mode is activated, | |
2960 auto-filling only occurs in comments. In literals, it's often | |
2961 desirable to have explicit control over newlines. In preprocessor | |
2962 directives, the necessary @samp{\} escape character before the newline | |
2963 is not automatically inserted, so an automatic line break would | |
2964 produce invalid code. In normal code, line breaks are normally | |
2965 dictated by some logical structure in the code rather than the last | |
2966 whitespace character, so automatic line breaks there will produce poor | |
2967 results in the current implementation. | |
2968 @end defopt | |
2969 | |
2970 @vindex comment-multi-line | |
2971 If inside a comment and @code{comment-multi-line} (@pxref{Auto Fill,,, | |
2972 @emacsman{}, @emacsmantitle{}} is non-@code{nil}, the indentation and | |
2973 line prefix are preserved. If inside a comment and | |
2974 @code{comment-multi-line} is @code{nil}, a new comment of the same | |
2975 type is started on the next line and indented as appropriate for | |
2976 comments. | |
2977 | |
2978 Note that @ccmode{} sets @code{comment-multi-line} to @code{t} at | |
2979 startup. The reason is that @kbd{M-j} could otherwise produce sequences | |
2980 of single line block comments for texts that should logically be treated | |
2981 as one comment, and the rest of the paragraph handling code | |
2982 (e.g. @kbd{M-q} and @kbd{M-a}) can't cope with that, which would lead to | |
2983 inconsistent behavior. | |
2984 | |
2985 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
2986 @node Custom Auto-newlines, Clean-ups, Custom Filling and Breaking, Top | |
2987 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
2988 @chapter Customizing Auto-newlines | |
2989 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
2990 | |
2991 @ccmode{} determines whether to insert auto-newlines in two basically | |
2992 different ways, depending on the character just typed: | |
2993 | |
2994 @table @asis | |
2995 @item Braces and Colons | |
2996 @ccmode{} first determines the syntactic context of the brace or colon | |
2997 (@pxref{Syntactic Symbols}), then looks for a corresponding element in | |
2998 an alist. This element specifies where to put newlines - this is any | |
2999 combination of before and after the brace or colon. If no alist | |
3000 element is found, newlines are inserted both before and after a brace, | |
3001 but none are inserted around a colon. See @ref{Hanging Braces} and | |
3002 @ref{Hanging Colons}. | |
3003 | |
3004 @item Semicolons and Commas | |
3005 The variable @code{c-hanging-semi&comma-criteria} contains a list of | |
3006 functions which determine whether to insert a newline after a newly | |
3007 typed semicolon or comma. @xref{Hanging Semicolons and Commas}. | |
3008 @end table | |
3009 | |
3010 The names of these configuration variables contain @samp{hanging} | |
3011 because they let you @dfn{hang} the pertinent characters. A character | |
3012 which introduces a C construct is said to @dfn{hang on the right} when | |
3013 it appears at the end of a line after other code, being separated by a | |
3014 line break from the construct it introduces, like the opening brace in: | |
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3015 |
25829 | 3016 @example |
3017 @group | |
67253 | 3018 while (i < MAX) @{ |
3019 total += entry[i]; | |
3020 entry [i++] = 0; | |
3021 @} | |
25829 | 3022 @end group |
3023 @end example | |
3024 | |
67253 | 3025 @noindent |
3026 A character @dfn{hangs on the left} when it appears at the start of | |
3027 the line after the construct it closes off, like the above closing | |
3028 brace. | |
3029 | |
3030 The next chapter, ``Clean-ups'', describes how to configure @ccmode{} | |
3031 to remove these automatically added newlines in certain specific | |
3032 circumstances. @xref{Clean-ups}. | |
3033 | |
3034 @menu | |
3035 * Hanging Braces:: | |
3036 * Hanging Colons:: | |
3037 * Hanging Semicolons and Commas:: | |
3038 @end menu | |
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3039 |
25829 | 3040 |
3041 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
67253 | 3042 @node Hanging Braces, Hanging Colons, Custom Auto-newlines, Custom Auto-newlines |
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3043 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
67253 | 3044 @section Hanging Braces |
3045 @cindex hanging braces | |
3046 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
3047 | |
3048 To specify which kinds of braces you want auto-newlines put around, | |
3049 you set the style variable @code{c-hanging-braces-alist}. Its | |
3050 structure and semantics are described in this section. Details of how | |
3051 to set it up, and its relationship to CC Mode's style system are given | |
3052 in @ref{Style Variables}. | |
3053 | |
3054 Say you wanted an auto-newline after (but not before) the following | |
3055 @samp{@{}: | |
3056 | |
3057 @example | |
3058 if (foo < 17) @{ | |
3059 @end example | |
3060 | |
3061 @noindent | |
3062 First you need to find the @dfn{syntactic context} of the brace---type | |
3063 a @key{RET} before the brace to get it on a line of its | |
3064 own@footnote{Also insert a @samp{\} at the end of the previous line if | |
3065 you're in AWK Mode.}, then type @kbd{C-c C-s}. That will tell you | |
3066 something like: | |
3067 | |
3068 @example | |
3069 ((substatement-open 1061)) | |
3070 @end example | |
3071 | |
3072 @noindent | |
3073 So here you need to put the entry @code{(substatement-open . (after))} | |
3074 into @code{c-hanging-braces-alist}. | |
3075 | |
3076 If you don't want any auto-newlines for a particular syntactic symbol, | |
3077 put this into @code{c-hanging-braces-alist}: | |
3078 | |
3079 @example | |
3080 (brace-entry-open) | |
3081 @end example | |
3082 | |
3083 If some brace syntactic symbol is not in @code{c-hanging-brace-alist}, | |
3084 its entry is taken by default as @code{(before after)}---insert a | |
3085 newline both before and after the brace. In place of a | |
3086 ``before/after'' list you can specify a function in this alist---this | |
3087 is useful when the auto newlines depend on the code around the brace. | |
3088 | |
3089 @defopt c-hanging-braces-alist | |
3090 @vindex hanging-braces-alist (c-) | |
3091 | |
3092 This variable is an association list which maps syntactic symbols to | |
3093 lists of places to insert a newline. @xref{Association | |
3094 Lists,,,@lispref{}, @lispreftitle{}}. The key of each element is the | |
3095 syntactic symbol, the associated value is either @code{nil}, a list, | |
3096 or a function. | |
3097 | |
3098 @table @asis | |
3099 @item The Key - the syntactic symbol | |
3100 The syntactic symbols that are useful as keys in this list are | |
3101 @code{brace-list-intro}, @code{statement-cont}, | |
3102 @code{inexpr-class-open}, @code{inexpr-class-close}, and all the | |
3103 @code{*-open} and @code{*-close} symbols. @xref{Syntactic Symbols}, | |
3104 for a more detailed description of these syntactic symbols, except for | |
3105 @code{inexpr-class-open} and @code{inexpr-class-close}, which aren't | |
3106 actual syntactic symbols. Elements with any other value as a key get | |
3107 ignored. | |
3108 | |
3109 The braces of anonymous inner classes in Java are given the special | |
3110 symbols @code{inexpr-class-open} and @code{inexpr-class-close}, so that | |
3111 they can be distinguished from the braces of normal classes@footnote{The | |
3112 braces of anonymous classes produce a combination of | |
3113 @code{inexpr-class}, and @code{class-open} or @code{class-close} in | |
3114 normal indentation analysis.}. | |
3115 | |
3116 Note that the aggregate constructs in Pike mode, @samp{(@{}, @samp{@})}, | |
3117 @samp{([}, @samp{])}, and @samp{(<}, @samp{>)}, do not count as brace | |
3118 lists in this regard, even though they do for normal indentation | |
3119 purposes. It's currently not possible to set automatic newlines on | |
3120 these constructs. | |
3121 | |
3122 @item The associated value - the ``ACTION'' list or function | |
3123 The value associated with each syntactic symbol in this association | |
3124 list is called an @var{action}, which can be either a list or a | |
3125 function which returns a list. @xref{Custom Braces}, for how to use | |
3126 a function as a brace hanging @var{action}. | |
3127 | |
3128 The list @var{action} (or the list returned by @var{action} when it's | |
3129 a function) contains some combination of the symbols @code{before} and | |
3130 @code{after}, directing @ccmode{} where to put newlines in | |
3131 relationship to the brace being inserted. Thus, if the list contains | |
3132 only the symbol @code{after}, then the brace hangs on the right side | |
3133 of the line, as in: | |
3134 | |
3135 @example | |
3136 // here, open braces always `hang' | |
3137 void spam( int i ) @{ | |
3138 if( i == 7 ) @{ | |
3139 dosomething(i); | |
3140 @} | |
3141 @} | |
3142 @end example | |
3143 | |
3144 When the list contains both @code{after} and @code{before}, the braces | |
3145 will appear on a line by themselves, as shown by the close braces in | |
3146 the above example. The list can also be empty, in which case newlines | |
3147 are added neither before nor after the brace. | |
3148 @end table | |
3149 | |
3150 If a syntactic symbol is missing entirely from | |
3151 @code{c-hanging-braces-alist}, it's treated in the same way as an | |
3152 @var{action} with a list containing @code{before} and @code{after}, so | |
3153 that braces by default end up on their own line. | |
3154 | |
3155 For example, the default value of @code{c-hanging-braces-alist} is: | |
3156 | |
3157 @example | |
3158 ((brace-list-open) | |
3159 (brace-entry-open) | |
3160 (statement-cont) | |
3161 (substatement-open after) | |
3162 (block-close . c-snug-do-while) | |
3163 (extern-lang-open after) | |
3164 (namespace-open after) | |
3165 (module-open after) | |
3166 (composition-open after) | |
3167 (inexpr-class-open after) | |
3168 (inexpr-class-close before)) | |
3169 @end example | |
3170 | |
3171 @noindent which says that @code{brace-list-open}, | |
3172 @code{brace-entry-open} and @code{statement-cont}@footnote{Brace lists | |
3173 inside statements, such as initializers for static array variables | |
3174 inside functions in C, are recognized as @code{statement-cont}. All | |
3175 normal substatement blocks are recognized with other symbols.} braces | |
3176 should both hang on the right side and allow subsequent text to follow | |
3177 on the same line as the brace. Also, @code{substatement-open}, | |
3178 @code{extern-lang-open}, and @code{inexpr-class-open} braces should hang | |
3179 on the right side, but subsequent text should follow on the next line. | |
3180 The opposite holds for @code{inexpr-class-close} braces; they won't | |
3181 hang, but the following text continues on the same line. Here, in the | |
3182 @code{block-close} entry, you also see an example of using a function as | |
3183 an @var{action}. In all other cases, braces are put on a line by | |
3184 themselves. | |
3185 @end defopt | |
3186 | |
3187 @menu | |
3188 * Custom Braces:: | |
3189 @end menu | |
3190 | |
3191 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
3192 @node Custom Braces, , Hanging Braces, Hanging Braces | |
3193 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
3194 @subsection Custom Brace Hanging | |
25829 | 3195 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
3196 | |
3197 @vindex c-hanging-braces-alist | |
3198 @vindex hanging-braces-alist (c-) | |
67253 | 3199 @cindex action functions |
25829 | 3200 Syntactic symbols aren't the only place where you can customize |
67253 | 3201 @ccmode{} with the lisp equivalent of callback functions. Remember |
3202 that @var{action}s are usually a list containing some combination of | |
3203 the symbols @code{before} and @code{after} (@pxref{Hanging Braces}). | |
3204 For more flexibility, you can instead specify brace ``hanginess'' by | |
3205 giving a synctactic symbol an @dfn{action function} in | |
3206 @code{c-hanging-braces-alist}; this function determines the | |
3207 ``hanginess'' of a brace, usually by looking at the code near it. | |
25829 | 3208 |
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3209 @cindex customization, brace hanging |
67253 | 3210 An action function is called with two arguments: the syntactic symbol |
3211 for the brace (e.g. @code{substatement-open}), and the buffer position | |
3212 where the brace has been inserted. Point is undefined on entry to an | |
3213 action function, but the function must preserve it (e.g. by using | |
3214 @code{save-excursion}). The return value should be a list containing | |
3215 some combination of @code{before} and @code{after}, including neither | |
3216 of them (i.e. @code{nil}). | |
3217 | |
3218 @defvar c-syntactic-context | |
3219 @vindex syntactic-context (c-) | |
3220 During the call to the indentation or brace hanging @var{action} | |
3221 function, this variable is bound to the full syntactic analysis list. | |
3222 This might be, for example, @samp{((block-close 73))}. Don't ever | |
3223 give @code{c-syntactic-context} a value yourself---this would disrupt | |
3224 the proper functioning of @ccmode{}. | |
3225 | |
3226 This variable is also bound in three other circumstances: | |
3227 (i)@tie{}when calling a c-hanging-semi&comma-criteria function | |
3228 (@pxref{Hanging Semicolons and Commas}; (ii)@tie{}when calling a | |
3229 line-up function (@pxref{Custom Line-Up}; (iii)@tie{}when calling a | |
3230 c-special-indent-hook function (@pxref{Other Indentation}). | |
3231 @end defvar | |
25829 | 3232 |
3233 As an example, @ccmode{} itself uses this feature to dynamically | |
3234 determine the hanginess of braces which close ``do-while'' | |
3235 constructs: | |
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3236 |
25829 | 3237 @example |
3238 void do_list( int count, char** atleast_one_string ) | |
3239 @{ | |
3240 int i=0; | |
3241 do @{ | |
3242 handle_string( atleast_one_string[i] ); | |
3243 i++; | |
3244 @} while( i < count ); | |
3245 @} | |
3246 @end example | |
3247 | |
3248 @ccmode{} assigns the @code{block-close} syntactic symbol to the | |
3249 brace that closes the @code{do} construct, and normally we'd like the | |
3250 line that follows a @code{block-close} brace to begin on a separate | |
3251 line. However, with ``do-while'' constructs, we want the | |
3252 @code{while} clause to follow the closing brace. To do this, we | |
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3253 associate the @code{block-close} symbol with the @var{action} function |
25829 | 3254 @code{c-snug-do-while}: |
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3255 |
25829 | 3256 @example |
3257 (defun c-snug-do-while (syntax pos) | |
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3258 "Dynamically calculate brace hanginess for do-while statements." |
25829 | 3259 (save-excursion |
3260 (let (langelem) | |
3261 (if (and (eq syntax 'block-close) | |
3262 (setq langelem (assq 'block-close c-syntactic-context)) | |
3263 (progn (goto-char (cdr langelem)) | |
3264 (if (= (following-char) ?@{) | |
3265 (forward-sexp -1)) | |
3266 (looking-at "\\<do\\>[^_]"))) | |
3267 '(before) | |
3268 '(before after))))) | |
3269 @end example | |
3270 | |
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3271 @findex c-snug-do-while |
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3272 @findex snug-do-while (c-) |
25829 | 3273 This function simply looks to see if the brace closes a ``do-while'' |
3274 clause and if so, returns the list @samp{(before)} indicating | |
3275 that a newline should be inserted before the brace, but not after it. | |
3276 In all other cases, it returns the list @samp{(before after)} so | |
3277 that the brace appears on a line by itself. | |
3278 | |
67253 | 3279 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
3280 @node Hanging Colons, Hanging Semicolons and Commas, Hanging Braces, Custom Auto-newlines | |
3281 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
3282 @section Hanging Colons | |
3283 @cindex hanging colons | |
3284 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
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3285 |
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3286 @cindex customization, colon hanging |
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3287 @vindex c-hanging-colons-alist |
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3288 @vindex hanging-colons-alist (c-) |
67253 | 3289 |
3290 Using a mechanism similar to brace hanging (@pxref{Hanging Braces}), | |
3291 colons can also be made to hang using the style variable | |
3292 @code{c-hanging-colons-alist} - When a colon is typed, @ccmode | |
3293 determines its syntactic context, looks this up in the alist | |
3294 @code{c-changing-colons-alist} and inserts up to two newlines | |
3295 accordingly. Here, however, If @ccmode fails to find an entry for a | |
3296 syntactic symbol in the alist, no newlines are inserted around the | |
3297 newly typed colon. | |
3298 | |
3299 @defopt c-hanging-colons-alist | |
3300 @vindex hanging-colons-alist (c-) | |
3301 | |
3302 @table @asis | |
3303 @item The Key - the syntactic symbol | |
3304 The syntactic symbols appropriate as keys in this association list | |
3305 are: @code{case-label}, @code{label}, @code{access-label}, | |
3306 @code{member-init-intro}, and @code{inher-intro}. @xref{Syntactic | |
3307 Symbols}. Elements with any other value as a key get ignored. | |
3308 | |
3309 @item The associate value - the ``ACTION'' list | |
3310 The @var{action} here is simply a list containing a combination of the | |
3311 symbols @code{before} and @code{after}. Unlike in | |
3312 @code{c-hanging-braces-alist}, functions as @var{actions} are not | |
3313 supported - there doesn't seem to be any need for them. | |
3314 @end table | |
3315 @end defopt | |
3316 | |
3317 In C++, double-colons are used as a scope operator but because these | |
3318 colons always appear right next to each other, newlines before and after | |
3319 them are controlled by a different mechanism, called @dfn{clean-ups} in | |
3320 @ccmode{}. @xref{Clean-ups}, for details. | |
25829 | 3321 |
3322 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
67253 | 3323 @node Hanging Semicolons and Commas, , Hanging Colons, Custom Auto-newlines |
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3324 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
67253 | 3325 @section Hanging Semicolons and Commas |
3326 @cindex hanging semicolons | |
3327 @cindex hanging commas | |
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3328 @cindex customization, semicolon newlines |
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3329 @cindex customization, comma newlines |
25829 | 3330 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
3331 | |
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3332 @defopt c-hanging-semi&comma-criteria |
25829 | 3333 @vindex hanging-semi&comma-criteria (c-) |
67253 | 3334 This style variable takes a list of functions; these get called when |
3335 you type a semicolon or comma. The functions are called in order | |
3336 without arguments. When these functions are entered, point is just | |
3337 after the newly inserted @samp{;} or @samp{,} and they must preserve | |
3338 point (e.g., by using @code{save-excursion}). During the call, the | |
3339 variable @code{c-syntactic-context} is bound to the syntactic context | |
3340 of the current line@footnote{This was first introduced in @ccmode{} | |
3341 5.31.} @pxref{Custom Braces}. These functions don't insert newlines | |
3342 themselves, rather they direct @ccmode{} whether or not to do so. | |
3343 They should return one of the following values: | |
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3344 |
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|
3345 @table @code |
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3346 @item t |
67253 | 3347 A newline is to be inserted after the @samp{;} or @samp{,}, and no |
3348 more functions from the list are to be called. | |
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3349 @item stop |
67253 | 3350 No more functions from the list are to be called, and no newline is to |
3351 be inserted. | |
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3352 @item nil |
67253 | 3353 No determination has been made, and the next function in the list is |
3354 to be called. | |
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3355 @end table |
25829 | 3356 |
67253 | 3357 Note that auto-newlines are never inserted @emph{before} a semicolon |
3358 or comma. If every function in the list is called without a | |
3359 determination being made, then no newline is added. | |
3360 | |
3361 In AWK mode, this variable is set by default to @code{nil}. In the | |
3362 other modes, the default value is a list containing a single function, | |
3363 @code{c-semi&comma-inside-parenlist}. This inserts newlines after all | |
3364 semicolons, apart from those separating @code{for}-clause statements. | |
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3365 @end defopt |
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3366 |
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3367 @defun c-semi&comma-no-newlines-before-nonblanks |
25829 | 3368 @findex semi&comma-no-newlines-before-nonblanks (c-) |
53118
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|
3369 This is an example of a criteria function, provided by @ccmode{}. It |
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|
3370 prevents newlines from being inserted after semicolons when there is a |
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|
3371 non-blank following line. Otherwise, it makes no determination. To |
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|
3372 use, add this function to the front of the |
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|
3373 @code{c-hanging-semi&comma-criteria} list. |
25829 | 3374 |
3375 @example | |
3376 (defun c-semi&comma-no-newlines-before-nonblanks () | |
3377 (save-excursion | |
3378 (if (and (eq last-command-char ?\;) | |
3379 (zerop (forward-line 1)) | |
3380 (not (looking-at "^[ \t]*$"))) | |
3381 'stop | |
3382 nil))) | |
3383 @end example | |
53118
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3384 @end defun |
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|
3385 |
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|
3386 @defun c-semi&comma-inside-parenlist |
25829 | 3387 @findex semi&comma-inside-parenlist (c-) |
53118
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3388 @defunx c-semi&comma-no-newlines-for-oneline-inliners |
25829 | 3389 @findex semi&comma-no-newlines-for-oneline-inliners (c-) |
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|
3390 The function @code{c-semi&comma-inside-parenlist} is what prevents |
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|
3391 newlines from being inserted inside the parenthesis list of @code{for} |
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|
3392 statements. In addition to |
25829 | 3393 @code{c-semi&comma-no-newlines-before-nonblanks} described above, |
3394 @ccmode{} also comes with the criteria function | |
3395 @code{c-semi&comma-no-newlines-for-oneline-inliners}, which suppresses | |
3396 newlines after semicolons inside one-line inline method definitions | |
67253 | 3397 (e.g. in C++ or Java). |
53118
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3398 @end defun |
25829 | 3399 |
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3400 |
25829 | 3401 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
67253 | 3402 @node Clean-ups, Indentation Engine Basics, Custom Auto-newlines, Top |
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3403 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
67253 | 3404 @chapter Clean-ups |
3405 @cindex clean-ups | |
25829 | 3406 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
3407 | |
67253 | 3408 @dfn{Clean-ups} are mechanisms which remove (or exceptionally, add) |
3409 whitespace in specific circumstances and are complementary to colon | |
3410 and brace hanging. You enable a clean-up by adding its symbol into | |
3411 @code{c-cleanup-list}. | |
3412 | |
3413 On the surface, it would seem that clean-ups overlap the functionality | |
3414 provided by the @code{c-hanging-*-alist} variables. Clean-ups, | |
3415 however, are used to adjust code ``after-the-fact'', i.e. to adjust | |
3416 the whitespace in constructs later than when they were typed. | |
3417 | |
3418 Most of the clean-ups remove automatically inserted newlines, and are | |
3419 only active when auto-newline minor mode is turned on. Others will | |
3420 work all the time. Note that clean-ups are only performed when there | |
3421 is nothing but whitespace appearing between the individual components | |
3422 of the construct, and (apart from @code{comment-close-slash}) when the | |
3423 construct does not occur within a literal (@pxref{Auto-newlines}). | |
3424 | |
3425 @defopt c-cleanup-list | |
3426 @vindex cleanup-list (c-) | |
3427 @cindex literal | |
3428 | |
3429 You configure @ccmode{}'s clean-ups by setting the style variable | |
3430 @code{c-cleanup-list}, which is a list of clean-up symbols. By | |
3431 default, @ccmode{} cleans up only the @code{scope-operator} construct, | |
3432 which is necessary for proper C++ support. | |
53118
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|
3433 @end defopt |
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3434 |
67253 | 3435 These are the clean-ups that are only active when electric and |
3436 auto-newline minor modes are enabled: | |
3437 | |
3438 @c TBD: Would like to use some sort of @deffoo here; @table indents a | |
3439 @c bit too much in dvi output. | |
3440 @table @code | |
3441 @item brace-else-brace | |
3442 Clean up @samp{@} else @{} constructs by placing the entire construct on | |
3443 a single line. Clean up occurs when the open brace after the | |
3444 @samp{else} is typed. So for example, this: | |
3445 | |
3446 @example | |
3447 @group | |
3448 void spam(int i) | |
3449 @{ | |
3450 if( i==7 ) @{ | |
3451 dosomething(); | |
3452 @} | |
3453 else | |
3454 @{ | |
3455 @end group | |
3456 @end example | |
3457 | |
3458 @noindent | |
3459 appears like this after the last open brace is typed: | |
3460 | |
3461 @example | |
3462 @group | |
3463 void spam(int i) | |
3464 @{ | |
3465 if( i==7 ) @{ | |
3466 dosomething(); | |
3467 @} else @{ | |
3468 @end group | |
3469 @end example | |
3470 | |
3471 @item brace-elseif-brace | |
3472 Similar to the @code{brace-else-brace} clean-up, but this cleans up | |
3473 @samp{@} else if (...) @{} constructs. For example: | |
3474 | |
3475 @example | |
3476 @group | |
3477 void spam(int i) | |
3478 @{ | |
3479 if( i==7 ) @{ | |
3480 dosomething(); | |
3481 @} | |
3482 else if( i==3 ) | |
3483 @{ | |
3484 @end group | |
3485 @end example | |
3486 | |
3487 @noindent | |
3488 appears like this after the last open parenthesis is typed: | |
3489 | |
3490 @example | |
3491 @group | |
3492 void spam(int i) | |
3493 @{ | |
3494 if( i==7 ) @{ | |
3495 dosomething(); | |
3496 @} else if( | |
3497 @end group | |
3498 @end example | |
3499 | |
3500 @noindent | |
3501 and like this after the last open brace is typed: | |
3502 | |
3503 @example | |
3504 @group | |
3505 void spam(int i) | |
3506 @{ | |
3507 if( i==7 ) @{ | |
3508 dosomething(); | |
3509 @} else if( i==3 ) @{ | |
3510 @end group | |
3511 @end example | |
3512 | |
3513 @item brace-catch-brace | |
3514 Analogous to @code{brace-elseif-brace}, but cleans up @samp{@} catch | |
3515 (...) @{} in C++ and Java mode. | |
3516 | |
3517 @item empty-defun-braces | |
3518 Clean up braces following a top-level function or class definition that | |
3519 contains no body. Clean up occurs when the closing brace is typed. | |
3520 Thus the following: | |
3521 | |
3522 @example | |
3523 @group | |
3524 class Spam | |
3525 @{ | |
3526 @} | |
3527 @end group | |
3528 @end example | |
3529 | |
3530 @noindent | |
3531 is transformed into this when the close brace is typed: | |
3532 | |
3533 @example | |
3534 @group | |
3535 class Spam | |
3536 @{@} | |
3537 @end group | |
3538 @end example | |
3539 | |
3540 @item defun-close-semi | |
3541 Clean up the terminating semicolon on top-level function or class | |
3542 definitions when they follow a close brace. Clean up occurs when the | |
3543 semicolon is typed. So for example, the following: | |
3544 | |
3545 @example | |
3546 @group | |
3547 class Spam | |
3548 @{ | |
3549 ... | |
3550 @} | |
3551 ; | |
3552 @end group | |
3553 @end example | |
3554 | |
3555 @noindent | |
3556 is transformed into this when the semicolon is typed: | |
3557 | |
3558 @example | |
3559 @group | |
3560 class Spam | |
3561 @{ | |
3562 ... | |
3563 @}; | |
3564 @end group | |
3565 @end example | |
3566 | |
3567 @item list-close-comma | |
3568 Clean up commas following braces in array and aggregate initializers. | |
3569 Clean up occurs when the comma is typed. The space before the comma | |
3570 is zapped just like the space before the semicolon in | |
3571 @code{defun-close-semi}. | |
3572 | |
3573 @item scope-operator | |
3574 Clean up double colons which might designate a C++ scope operator split | |
3575 across multiple lines@footnote{Certain C++ constructs introduce | |
3576 ambiguous situations, so @code{scope-operator} clean-ups might not | |
3577 always be correct. This usually only occurs when scoped identifiers | |
3578 appear in switch label tags.}. Clean up occurs when the second colon is | |
3579 typed. You will always want @code{scope-operator} in the | |
3580 @code{c-cleanup-list} when you are editing C++ code. | |
3581 | |
3582 @item one-liner-defun | |
3583 Clean up a single line of code enclosed by defun braces by removing | |
3584 the whitespace before and after the code. The clean-up happens when | |
3585 the closing brace is typed. If the variable | |
3586 @code{c-max-one-liner-length} is set, the cleanup is only done if the | |
3587 resulting line would be no longer than the value of that variable. | |
3588 | |
3589 For example, consider this AWK code: | |
3590 | |
3591 @example | |
3592 @group | |
3593 BEGIN @{ | |
3594 FS = "\t" # use <TAB> as a field separator | |
3595 @} | |
3596 @end group | |
3597 @end example | |
3598 | |
3599 @noindent | |
3600 It gets compacted to the following when the closing brace is typed: | |
3601 | |
3602 @example | |
3603 @group | |
3604 BEGIN @{FS = "\t"@} # use <TAB> as a field separator | |
3605 @end group | |
3606 @end example | |
3607 | |
3608 @defopt c-max-one-liner-length | |
3609 @vindex max-one-liner-length (c-) | |
3610 The maximum length of the resulting line for which the clean-up | |
3611 @code{one-liner-defun} will be triggered. This length is that of the entire | |
3612 line, including any leading whitespace and any trailing comment. Its | |
3613 default value is 80. If the value is zero or @code{nil}, no limit | |
3614 applies. | |
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3615 @end defopt |
67253 | 3616 @end table |
3617 | |
3618 The following clean-ups are always active when they occur on | |
3619 @code{c-cleanup-list}, regardless of whether Electric minor mode or | |
3620 Auto-newline minor mode are enabled: | |
3621 | |
3622 @table @code | |
3623 @item space-before-funcall | |
3624 Insert a space between the function name and the opening parenthesis | |
3625 of a function call. This produces function calls in the style | |
3626 mandated by the GNU coding standards, e.g. @samp{signal@tie{}(SIGINT, | |
3627 SIG_IGN)} and @samp{abort@tie{}()}. Clean up occurs when the opening | |
3628 parenthesis is typed. This clean-up should never be active in AWK | |
3629 Mode, since such a space is syntactically invalid for user defined | |
3630 functions. | |
3631 | |
3632 @item compact-empty-funcall | |
3633 Clean up any space between the function name and the opening parenthesis | |
3634 of a function call that has no arguments. This is typically used | |
3635 together with @code{space-before-funcall} if you prefer the GNU function | |
3636 call style for functions with arguments but think it looks ugly when | |
3637 it's only an empty parenthesis pair. I.e. you will get @samp{signal | |
3638 (SIGINT, SIG_IGN)}, but @samp{abort()}. Clean up occurs when the | |
3639 closing parenthesis is typed. | |
3640 | |
3641 @item comment-close-slash | |
3642 When inside a block comment, terminate the comment when you type a | |
3643 slash at the beginning of a line (i.e. immediately after the comment | |
3644 prefix). This clean-up removes whitespace preceding the slash and if | |
3645 needed, inserts a star to complete the token @samp{*/}. | |
3646 @end table | |
3647 | |
3648 | |
3649 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
3650 @node Indentation Engine Basics, Customizing Indentation, Clean-ups, Top | |
3651 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
3652 @chapter Indentation Engine Basics | |
3653 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
3654 | |
3655 This chapter will briefly cover how @ccmode{} indents lines of code. | |
3656 It is helpful to understand the indentation model being used so that | |
3657 you will know how to customize @ccmode{} for your personal coding | |
3658 style. All the details are in @ref{Customizing Indentation}. | |
3659 | |
3660 @ccmode{} has an indentation engine that provides a flexible and | |
3661 general mechanism for customizing indentation. When @ccmode{} indents | |
3662 a line of code, it separates its calculations into two steps: | |
3663 | |
3664 @enumerate | |
3665 @item | |
3666 @cindex syntactic symbol | |
3667 @cindex anchor position | |
3668 It analyzes the line to determine its @dfn{syntactic symbol(s)} (the | |
3669 kind of language construct it's looking at) and its @dfn{anchor | |
3670 position} (the position earlier in the file that @ccmode{} will indent | |
3671 the line relative to). The anchor position might be the location of | |
3672 an opening brace in the previous line, for example. @xref{Syntactic | |
3673 Analysis}. | |
3674 @item | |
3675 @cindex offsets | |
3676 @cindex indentation offset specifications | |
3677 It looks up the syntactic symbol(s) in the configuration to get the | |
3678 corresponding @dfn{offset(s)}. The symbol @code{+}, which means | |
3679 ``indent this line one more level'' is a typical offset. @ccmode{} | |
3680 then applies these offset(s) to the anchor position, giving the | |
3681 indentation for the line. The different sorts of offsets are | |
3682 described in @ref{c-offsets-alist}. | |
3683 @end enumerate | |
3684 | |
3685 In exceptional circumstances, the syntax directed indentation | |
3686 described here may be a nuisance rather than a help. You can disable | |
3687 it by setting @code{c-syntactic-indentation} to @code{nil}. (To set | |
3688 the variable interactively, @ref{Minor Modes}). | |
3689 | |
3690 @defopt c-syntactic-indentation | |
3691 @vindex syntactic-indentation (c-) | |
3692 When this is non-@code{nil} (which it is by default), the indentation | |
3693 of code is done according to its syntactic structure. When it's | |
3694 @code{nil}, every line is just indented to the same level as the | |
3695 previous one, and @kbd{TAB} (@code{c-indent-command}) adjusts the | |
3696 indentation in steps of @code{c-basic-offset}. The current style | |
3697 (@pxref{Config Basics}) then has no effect on indentation, nor do any | |
3698 of the variables associated with indentation, not even | |
3699 @code{c-special-indent-hook}. | |
3700 @end defopt | |
3701 | |
3702 @menu | |
3703 * Syntactic Analysis:: | |
3704 * Syntactic Symbols:: | |
3705 * Indentation Calculation:: | |
3706 @end menu | |
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3707 |
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|
3708 |
25829 | 3709 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
67253 | 3710 @node Syntactic Analysis, Syntactic Symbols, Indentation Engine Basics, Indentation Engine Basics |
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|
3711 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
67253 | 3712 @section Syntactic Analysis |
3713 @cindex syntactic analysis | |
3714 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
3715 | |
3716 @cindex syntactic element | |
3717 @cindex syntactic context | |
3718 The first thing @ccmode{} does when indenting a line of code, is to | |
3719 analyze the line, determining the @dfn{syntactic context} of the | |
3720 (first) construct on that line. It's a list of @dfn{syntactic | |
3721 elements}, where each syntactic element in turn is a list@footnote{In | |
3722 @ccmode 5.28 and earlier, a syntactic element was a dotted pair; the | |
3723 cons was the syntactic symbol and the cdr was the anchor position. | |
3724 For compatibility's sake, the parameter passed to a line-up function | |
3725 still has this dotted pair form (@pxref{Custom Line-Up}).} Here is a | |
3726 brief and typical example: | |
3727 | |
3728 @example | |
3729 ((defun-block-intro 1959)) | |
3730 @end example | |
3731 | |
3732 @cindex syntactic symbol | |
3733 @noindent | |
3734 The first thing inside each syntactic element is always a | |
3735 @dfn{syntactic symbol}. It describes the kind of construct that was | |
3736 recognized, e.g. @code{statement}, @code{substatement}, | |
3737 @code{class-open}, @code{class-close}, etc. @xref{Syntactic Symbols}, | |
3738 for a complete list of currently recognized syntactic symbols and | |
3739 their semantics. The remaining entries are various data associated | |
3740 with the recognized construct - there might be zero or more. | |
3741 | |
3742 @cindex anchor position | |
3743 Conceptually, a line of code is always indented relative to some | |
3744 position higher up in the buffer (typically the indentation of the | |
3745 previous line). That position is the @dfn{anchor position} in the | |
3746 syntactic element. If there is an entry after the syntactic symbol in | |
3747 the syntactic element list then it's either nil or that anchor position. | |
3748 | |
3749 Here is an example. Suppose we had the following code as the only thing | |
3750 in a C++ buffer @footnote{The line numbers in this and future examples | |
3751 don't actually appear in the buffer, of course!}: | |
3752 | |
3753 @example | |
3754 1: void swap( int& a, int& b ) | |
3755 2: @{ | |
3756 3: int tmp = a; | |
3757 4: a = b; | |
3758 5: b = tmp; | |
3759 6: @} | |
3760 @end example | |
3761 | |
3762 @noindent | |
3763 We can use @kbd{C-c C-s} (@code{c-show-syntactic-information}) to | |
3764 report what the syntactic analysis is for the current line: | |
3765 | |
3766 @table @asis | |
3767 @item @kbd{C-c C-s} (@code{c-show-syntactic-information}) | |
3768 @kindex C-c C-s | |
3769 @findex c-show-syntactic-information | |
3770 @findex show-syntactic-information (c-) | |
3771 This command calculates the syntactic analysis of the current line and | |
3772 displays it in the minibuffer. The command also highlights the anchor | |
3773 position(s). | |
3774 @end table | |
3775 | |
3776 Running this command on line 4 of this example, we'd see in the echo | |
3777 area@footnote{With a universal argument (i.e. @kbd{C-u C-c C-s}) the | |
3778 analysis is inserted into the buffer as a comment on the current | |
3779 line.}: | |
3780 | |
3781 @example | |
3782 ((statement 35)) | |
3783 @end example | |
3784 | |
3785 @noindent | |
3786 and the @samp{i} of @code{int} on line 3 would be highlighted. This | |
3787 tells us that the line is a statement and it is indented relative to | |
3788 buffer position 35, the highlighted position. If you were to move | |
3789 point to line 3 and hit @kbd{C-c C-s}, you would see: | |
3790 | |
3791 @example | |
3792 ((defun-block-intro 29)) | |
3793 @end example | |
3794 | |
3795 @noindent | |
3796 This indicates that the @samp{int} line is the first statement in a top | |
3797 level function block, and is indented relative to buffer position 29, | |
3798 which is the brace just after the function header. | |
3799 | |
3800 Here's another example: | |
3801 | |
3802 @example | |
3803 1: int add( int val, int incr, int doit ) | |
3804 2: @{ | |
3805 3: if( doit ) | |
3806 4: @{ | |
3807 5: return( val + incr ); | |
3808 6: @} | |
3809 7: return( val ); | |
3810 8: @} | |
3811 @end example | |
3812 | |
3813 @noindent | |
3814 Hitting @kbd{C-c C-s} on line 4 gives us: | |
3815 | |
3816 @example | |
3817 ((substatement-open 46)) | |
3818 @end example | |
3819 | |
3820 @cindex substatement | |
3821 @cindex substatement block | |
3822 @noindent | |
3823 which tells us that this is a brace that @emph{opens} a substatement | |
3824 block. @footnote{A @dfn{substatement} is the line after a | |
3825 conditional statement, such as @code{if}, @code{else}, @code{while}, | |
3826 @code{do}, @code{switch}, etc. A @dfn{substatement | |
3827 block} is a brace block following one of these conditional statements.} | |
3828 | |
3829 @cindex comment-only line | |
3830 Syntactic contexts can contain more than one element, and syntactic | |
3831 elements need not have anchor positions. The most common example of | |
3832 this is a @dfn{comment-only line}: | |
3833 | |
3834 @example | |
3835 1: void draw_list( List<Drawables>& drawables ) | |
3836 2: @{ | |
3837 3: // call the virtual draw() method on each element in list | |
3838 4: for( int i=0; i < drawables.count(), ++i ) | |
3839 5: @{ | |
3840 6: drawables[i].draw(); | |
3841 7: @} | |
3842 8: @} | |
3843 @end example | |
3844 | |
3845 @noindent | |
3846 Hitting @kbd{C-c C-s} on line 3 of this example gives: | |
3847 | |
3848 @example | |
3849 ((comment-intro) (defun-block-intro 46)) | |
3850 @end example | |
3851 | |
3852 @noindent | |
3853 and you can see that the syntactic context contains two syntactic | |
3854 elements. Notice that the first element, @samp{(comment-intro)}, has no | |
3855 anchor position. | |
3856 | |
3857 | |
3858 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
3859 @node Syntactic Symbols, Indentation Calculation, Syntactic Analysis, Indentation Engine Basics | |
3860 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
3861 @section Syntactic Symbols | |
25829 | 3862 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
3863 | |
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3864 @cindex syntactic symbols, brief list |
25829 | 3865 @vindex c-offsets-alist |
3866 @vindex offsets-alist (c-) | |
67253 | 3867 This section is a complete list of the syntactic symbols which appear |
3868 in the @code{c-offsets-alist} style variable, along with brief | |
3869 descriptions. The previous section (@pxref{Syntactic Analysis}) | |
3870 states what syntactic symbols are and how the indentation engine uses | |
3871 them. | |
3872 | |
3873 More detailed descriptions of these symbols, together with snippets of | |
3874 source code to which they apply, appear in the examples in the | |
3875 subsections below. Note that, in the interests of brevity, the anchor | |
3876 position associated with most syntactic symbols is @emph{not} | |
3877 specified. In cases of doubt, type @kbd{C-c C-s} on a pertinent | |
3878 line---this highlights the anchor position. | |
3879 | |
3880 @ssindex -open symbols | |
3881 @ssindex -close symbols | |
3882 @ssindex -block-intro symbols | |
3883 The syntactic symbols which indicate brace constructs follow a general | |
3884 naming convention. When a line begins with an open or close brace, | |
3885 its syntactic symbol will contain the suffix @code{-open} or | |
3886 @code{-close} respectively. The first line within the brace block | |
3887 construct will contain the suffix @code{-block-intro}. | |
3888 | |
3889 @ssindex -intro symbols | |
3890 @ssindex -cont symbols | |
3891 In constructs which can span several lines, a distinction is usually | |
3892 made between the first line that introduces the construct and the | |
3893 lines that continue it. The syntactic symbols that indicate these | |
3894 lines will contain the suffixes @code{-intro} or @code{-cont} | |
3895 respectively. | |
3896 | |
3897 The best way to understand how all this works is by looking at some | |
3898 examples. Remember that you can see the syntax of any source code | |
3899 line by using @kbd{C-c C-s}. | |
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3900 |
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3901 @table @code |
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3902 @item string |
67253 | 3903 Inside a multiline string. @ref{Literal Symbols}. |
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3904 @item c |
67253 | 3905 Inside a multiline C style block comment. @ref{Literal Symbols}. |
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3906 @item defun-open |
67253 | 3907 Brace that opens a top-level function definition. @ref{Function |
3908 Symbols}. | |
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3909 @item defun-close |
67253 | 3910 Brace that closes a top-level function definition. @ref{Function |
3911 Symbols}. | |
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3912 @item defun-block-intro |
67253 | 3913 The first line in a top-level defun. @ref{Function Symbols}. |
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3914 @item class-open |
67253 | 3915 Brace that opens a class definition. @ref{Class Symbols}. |
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3916 @item class-close |
67253 | 3917 Brace that closes a class definition. @ref{Class Symbols}. |
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3918 @item inline-open |
67253 | 3919 Brace that opens an in-class inline method. @ref{Class Symbols}. |
26819
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3920 @item inline-close |
67253 | 3921 Brace that closes an in-class inline method. @ref{Class Symbols}. |
26819
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3922 @item func-decl-cont |
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3923 The region between a function definition's argument list and the |
67253 | 3924 function opening brace (excluding K&R argument declarations). In C, |
3925 you cannot put anything but whitespace and comments in this region, | |
3926 however in C++ and Java, @code{throws} declarations and other things | |
3927 can appear here. @ref{Literal Symbols}. @c @emph{FIXME!!! Can it not | |
3928 @c go somewhere better?} | |
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3929 @item knr-argdecl-intro |
67253 | 3930 First line of a K&R C argument declaration. @ref{K&R Symbols}. |
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3931 @item knr-argdecl |
67253 | 3932 Subsequent lines in a K&R C argument declaration. @ref{K&R Symbols}. |
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3933 @item topmost-intro |
67253 | 3934 The first line in a ``topmost'' definition. @ref{Function Symbols}. |
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3935 @item topmost-intro-cont |
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3936 Topmost definition continuation lines. This is only used in the parts |
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3937 that aren't covered by other symbols such as @code{func-decl-cont} and |
67253 | 3938 @code{knr-argdecl}. @ref{Function Symbols}. |
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3939 @item member-init-intro |
67253 | 3940 First line in a member initialization list. @ref{Class Symbols}. |
26819
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3941 @item member-init-cont |
67253 | 3942 Subsequent member initialization list lines. @ref{Class Symbols}. |
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3943 @item inher-intro |
67253 | 3944 First line of a multiple inheritance list. @ref{Class Symbols}. |
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3945 @item inher-cont |
67253 | 3946 Subsequent multiple inheritance lines. @ref{Class Symbols}. |
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3947 @item block-open |
67253 | 3948 Statement block open brace. @ref{Literal Symbols}. |
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3949 @item block-close |
67253 | 3950 Statement block close brace. @ref{Conditional Construct Symbols}. |
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3951 @item brace-list-open |
67253 | 3952 Open brace of an enum or static array list. @ref{Brace List Symbols}. |
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3953 @item brace-list-close |
67253 | 3954 Close brace of an enum or static array list. @ref{Brace List Symbols}. |
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3955 @item brace-list-intro |
67253 | 3956 First line in an enum or static array list. @ref{Brace List Symbols}. |
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3957 @item brace-list-entry |
67253 | 3958 Subsequent lines in an enum or static array list. @ref{Brace List |
3959 Symbols}. | |
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3960 @item brace-entry-open |
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3961 Subsequent lines in an enum or static array list where the line begins |
67253 | 3962 with an open brace. @ref{Brace List Symbols}. |
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3963 @item statement |
67253 | 3964 A statement. @ref{Function Symbols}. |
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3965 @item statement-cont |
67253 | 3966 A continuation of a statement. @ref{Function Symbols}. |
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3967 @item statement-block-intro |
67253 | 3968 The first line in a new statement block. @ref{Conditional Construct |
3969 Symbols}. | |
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3970 @item statement-case-intro |
67253 | 3971 The first line in a case block. @ref{Switch Statement Symbols}. |
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3972 @item statement-case-open |
67253 | 3973 The first line in a case block that starts with a brace. @ref{Switch |
3974 Statement Symbols}. | |
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3975 @item substatement |
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3976 The first line after a conditional or loop construct. |
67253 | 3977 @ref{Conditional Construct Symbols}. |
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3978 @item substatement-open |
67253 | 3979 The brace that opens a substatement block. @ref{Conditional Construct |
3980 Symbols}. | |
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3981 @item substatement-label |
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3982 The first line after a conditional or loop construct if it's a label. |
67253 | 3983 @ref{Conditional Construct Symbols}. |
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3984 @item case-label |
67253 | 3985 A label in a @code{switch} block. @ref{Switch Statement Symbols}. |
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3986 @item access-label |
67253 | 3987 C++ access control label. @ref{Class Symbols}. |
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3988 @item label |
67253 | 3989 Any other label. @ref{Literal Symbols}. |
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3990 @item do-while-closure |
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3991 The @code{while} line that ends a @code{do}-@code{while} construct. |
67253 | 3992 @ref{Conditional Construct Symbols}. |
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3993 @item else-clause |
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3994 The @code{else} line of an @code{if}-@code{else} construct. |
67253 | 3995 @ref{Conditional Construct Symbols}. |
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3996 @item catch-clause |
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3997 The @code{catch} or @code{finally} (in Java) line of a |
67253 | 3998 @code{try}-@code{catch} construct. @ref{Conditional Construct |
3999 Symbols}. | |
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4000 @item comment-intro |
67253 | 4001 A line containing only a comment introduction. @ref{Literal Symbols}. |
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4002 @item arglist-intro |
67253 | 4003 The first line in an argument list. @ref{Paren List Symbols}. |
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4004 @item arglist-cont |
67253 | 4005 Subsequent argument list lines when no arguments follow on the same |
4006 line as the arglist opening paren. @ref{Paren List Symbols}. | |
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4007 @item arglist-cont-nonempty |
67253 | 4008 Subsequent argument list lines when at least one argument follows on |
4009 the same line as the arglist opening paren. @ref{Paren List Symbols}. | |
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4010 @item arglist-close |
67253 | 4011 The solo close paren of an argument list. @ref{Paren List Symbols}. |
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4012 @item stream-op |
67253 | 4013 Lines continuing a stream operator (C++ only). @ref{Literal |
4014 Symbols}. @c @emph{FIXME!!! Can this not be moved somewhere better?} | |
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4015 @item inclass |
67253 | 4016 The line is nested inside a class definition. @ref{Class Symbols}. |
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4017 @item cpp-macro |
67253 | 4018 The start of a preprocessor macro definition. @ref{Literal Symbols}. |
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|
4019 @item cpp-define-intro |
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4020 The first line inside a multiline preproprocessor macro if |
67253 | 4021 @code{c-syntactic-indentation-in-macros} is set. @ref{Multiline Macro |
4022 Symbols}. | |
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4023 @item cpp-macro-cont |
53118
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|
4024 All lines inside multiline preprocessor macros if |
04d26b9d5b56
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|
4025 @code{c-syntactic-indentation-in-macros} is @code{nil}. |
67253 | 4026 @ref{Multiline Macro Symbols}. |
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4027 @item friend |
67253 | 4028 A C++ friend declaration. @ref{Class Symbols}. |
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4029 @item objc-method-intro |
67253 | 4030 The first line of an Objective-C method definition. @ref{Objective-C |
4031 Method Symbols}. | |
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4032 @item objc-method-args-cont |
67253 | 4033 Lines continuing an Objective-C method definition. @ref{Objective-C |
4034 Method Symbols}. | |
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4035 @item objc-method-call-cont |
67253 | 4036 Lines continuing an Objective-C method call. @ref{Objective-C Method |
4037 Symbols}. | |
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4038 @item extern-lang-open |
67253 | 4039 Brace that opens an @code{extern} block (e.g. @code{extern "C" |
4040 @{...@}}). @ref{External Scope Symbols}. | |
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4041 @item extern-lang-close |
67253 | 4042 Brace that closes an @code{extern} block. @ref{External Scope |
4043 Symbols}. | |
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4044 @item inextern-lang |
53118
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4045 Analogous to @code{inclass} syntactic symbol, but used inside |
67253 | 4046 @code{extern} blocks. @ref{External Scope Symbols}. |
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4047 @item namespace-open |
53118
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|
4048 @itemx namespace-close |
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4049 @itemx innamespace |
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|
4050 These are analogous to the three @code{extern-lang} symbols above, but |
67253 | 4051 are returned for C++ namespace blocks. @ref{External Scope Symbols}. |
53118
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|
4052 @item module-open |
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|
4053 @itemx module-close |
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|
4054 @itemx inmodule |
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|
4055 Analogous to the above, but for CORBA IDL @code{module} blocks. |
67253 | 4056 @ref{External Scope Symbols}. |
53118
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|
4057 @item composition-open |
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|
4058 @itemx composition-close |
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|
4059 @itemx incomposition |
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|
4060 Analogous to the above, but for CORBA CIDL @code{composition} blocks. |
67253 | 4061 @ref{External Scope Symbols}. |
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4062 @item template-args-cont |
67253 | 4063 C++ template argument list continuations. @ref{Class Symbols}. |
26819
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4064 @item inlambda |
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4065 Analogous to @code{inclass} syntactic symbol, but used inside lambda |
67253 | 4066 (i.e. anonymous) functions. Only used in Pike mode. @ref{Statement |
4067 Block Symbols}. | |
26819
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|
4068 @item lambda-intro-cont |
67253 | 4069 Lines continuing the header of a lambda function, i.e. between the |
26819
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4070 @code{lambda} keyword and the function body. Only used in Pike mode. |
67253 | 4071 @ref{Statement Block Symbols}. |
26819
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4072 @item inexpr-statement |
67253 | 4073 A statement block inside an expression. The gcc C and C++ extension |
4074 for this is recognized. It's also used for the special functions that | |
4075 take a statement block as an argument in Pike. @ref{Statement Block | |
4076 Symbols}. | |
26819
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|
4077 @item inexpr-class |
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|
4078 A class definition inside an expression. This is used for anonymous |
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Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
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|
4079 classes in Java. It's also used for anonymous array initializers in |
67253 | 4080 Java. @ref{Anonymous Class Symbol}. |
26819
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4081 @end table |
25829 | 4082 |
67253 | 4083 @menu |
4084 * Function Symbols:: | |
4085 * Class Symbols:: | |
4086 * Conditional Construct Symbols:: | |
4087 * Switch Statement Symbols:: | |
4088 * Brace List Symbols:: | |
4089 * External Scope Symbols:: | |
4090 * Paren List Symbols:: | |
4091 * Literal Symbols:: | |
4092 * Multiline Macro Symbols:: | |
4093 * Objective-C Method Symbols:: | |
4094 * Anonymous Class Symbol:: | |
4095 * Statement Block Symbols:: | |
4096 * K&R Symbols:: | |
4097 @end menu | |
4098 | |
4099 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
4100 @node Function Symbols, Class Symbols, Syntactic Symbols, Syntactic Symbols | |
4101 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
4102 @subsection Function Symbols | |
4103 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
4104 | |
4105 This example shows a typical function declaration. | |
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4106 |
25829 | 4107 @example |
53118
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|
4108 1: void |
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|
4109 2: swap( int& a, int& b ) |
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|
4110 3: @{ |
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|
4111 4: int tmp = a; |
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|
4112 5: a = b; |
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|
4113 6: b = tmp; |
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|
4114 7: int ignored = |
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|
4115 8: a + b; |
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|
4116 9: @} |
25829 | 4117 @end example |
4118 | |
53118
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|
4119 @ssindex topmost-intro |
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|
4120 @ssindex topmost-intro-cont |
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|
4121 @ssindex defun-open |
04d26b9d5b56
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|
4122 @ssindex defun-close |
04d26b9d5b56
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|
4123 @ssindex defun-block-intro |
25829 | 4124 Line 1 shows a @code{topmost-intro} since it is the first line that |
4125 introduces a top-level construct. Line 2 is a continuation of the | |
4126 top-level construct introduction so it has the syntax | |
4127 @code{topmost-intro-cont}. Line 3 shows a @code{defun-open} since it is | |
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|
4128 the brace that opens a top-level function definition. Line 9 is the |
a19be798eaea
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|
4129 corresponding |
25829 | 4130 @code{defun-close} since it contains the brace that closes the top-level |
67253 | 4131 function definition. Line 4 is a @code{defun-block-intro}, i.e. it is |
25829 | 4132 the first line of a brace-block, enclosed in a |
4133 top-level function definition. | |
4134 | |
53118
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|
4135 @ssindex statement |
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|
4136 @ssindex statement-cont |
25829 | 4137 Lines 5, 6, and 7 are all given @code{statement} syntax since there |
4138 isn't much special about them. Note however that line 8 is given | |
4139 @code{statement-cont} syntax since it continues the statement begun | |
4140 on the previous line. | |
4141 | |
67253 | 4142 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
4143 @node Class Symbols, Conditional Construct Symbols, Function Symbols, Syntactic Symbols | |
4144 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
4145 @subsection Class related Symbols | |
4146 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
4147 | |
4148 Here's an example which illustrates some C++ class syntactic symbols: | |
53118
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|
4149 |
25829 | 4150 @example |
53118
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|
4151 1: class Bass |
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|
4152 2: : public Guitar, |
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|
4153 3: public Amplifiable |
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|
4154 4: @{ |
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|
4155 5: public: |
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|
4156 6: Bass() |
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|
4157 7: : eString( new BassString( 0.105 )), |
04d26b9d5b56
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|
4158 8: aString( new BassString( 0.085 )), |
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|
4159 9: dString( new BassString( 0.065 )), |
04d26b9d5b56
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|
4160 10: gString( new BassString( 0.045 )) |
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|
4161 11: @{ |
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|
4162 12: eString.tune( 'E' ); |
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|
4163 13: aString.tune( 'A' ); |
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|
4164 14: dString.tune( 'D' ); |
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|
4165 15: gString.tune( 'G' ); |
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|
4166 16: @} |
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|
4167 17: friend class Luthier; |
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|
4168 18: @}; |
25829 | 4169 @end example |
4170 | |
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|
4171 @ssindex class-open |
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|
4172 @ssindex class-close |
25829 | 4173 As in the previous example, line 1 has the @code{topmost-intro} syntax. |
4174 Here however, the brace that opens a C++ class definition on line 4 is | |
4175 assigned the @code{class-open} syntax. Note that in C++, classes, | |
4176 structs, and unions are essentially equivalent syntactically (and are | |
4177 very similar semantically), so replacing the @code{class} keyword in the | |
4178 example above with @code{struct} or @code{union} would still result in a | |
4179 syntax of @code{class-open} for line 4 @footnote{This is the case even | |
4180 for C and Objective-C. For consistency, structs in all supported | |
4181 languages are syntactically equivalent to classes. Note however that | |
4182 the keyword @code{class} is meaningless in C and Objective-C.}. | |
4183 Similarly, line 18 is assigned @code{class-close} syntax. | |
4184 | |
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|
4185 @ssindex inher-intro |
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|
4186 @ssindex inher-cont |
25829 | 4187 Line 2 introduces the inheritance list for the class so it is assigned |
4188 the @code{inher-intro} syntax, and line 3, which continues the | |
4189 inheritance list is given @code{inher-cont} syntax. | |
4190 | |
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|
4191 @ssindex access-label |
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|
4192 @ssindex inclass |
25829 | 4193 Hitting @kbd{C-c C-s} on line 5 shows the following analysis: |
4194 | |
4195 @example | |
53118
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|
4196 ((inclass 58) (access-label 58)) |
25829 | 4197 @end example |
4198 | |
4199 @noindent | |
4200 The primary syntactic symbol for this line is @code{access-label} as | |
4201 this a label keyword that specifies access protection in C++. However, | |
4202 because this line is also a top-level construct inside a class | |
4203 definition, the analysis actually shows two syntactic symbols. The | |
4204 other syntactic symbol assigned to this line is @code{inclass}. | |
4205 Similarly, line 6 is given both @code{inclass} and @code{topmost-intro} | |
4206 syntax: | |
4207 | |
4208 @example | |
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|
4209 ((inclass 58) (topmost-intro 60)) |
25829 | 4210 @end example |
4211 | |
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|
4212 @ssindex member-init-intro |
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4213 @ssindex member-init-cont |
25829 | 4214 Line 7 introduces a C++ member initialization list and as such is given |
4215 @code{member-init-intro} syntax. Note that in this case it is | |
4216 @emph{not} assigned @code{inclass} since this is not considered a | |
4217 top-level construct. Lines 8 through 10 are all assigned | |
4218 @code{member-init-cont} since they continue the member initialization | |
4219 list started on line 7. | |
4220 | |
4221 @cindex in-class inline methods | |
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4222 @ssindex inline-open |
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4223 @ssindex inline-close |
25829 | 4224 Line 11's analysis is a bit more complicated: |
4225 | |
4226 @example | |
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4227 ((inclass 58) (inline-open)) |
25829 | 4228 @end example |
4229 | |
4230 This line is assigned a syntax of both @code{inline-open} and | |
4231 @code{inclass} because it opens an @dfn{in-class} C++ inline method | |
4232 definition. This is distinct from, but related to, the C++ notion of an | |
4233 inline function in that its definition occurs inside an enclosing class | |
4234 definition, which in C++ implies that the function should be inlined. | |
53118
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4235 However, if the definition of the @code{Bass} constructor appeared |
25829 | 4236 outside the class definition, the construct would be given the |
4237 @code{defun-open} syntax, even if the keyword @code{inline} appeared | |
4238 before the method name, as in: | |
53118
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4239 |
25829 | 4240 @example |
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4241 1: class Bass |
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4242 2: : public Guitar, |
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4243 3: public Amplifiable |
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4244 4: @{ |
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4245 5: public: |
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4246 6: Bass(); |
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4247 7: @}; |
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4248 8: |
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4249 9: inline |
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4250 10: Bass::Bass() |
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4251 11: : eString( new BassString( 0.105 )), |
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4252 12: aString( new BassString( 0.085 )), |
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4253 13: dString( new BassString( 0.065 )), |
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4254 14: gString( new BassString( 0.045 )) |
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4255 15: @{ |
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4256 16: eString.tune( 'E' ); |
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4257 17: aString.tune( 'A' ); |
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4258 18: dString.tune( 'D' ); |
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4259 19: gString.tune( 'G' ); |
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4260 20: @} |
25829 | 4261 @end example |
4262 | |
53118
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4263 @ssindex friend |
25829 | 4264 Returning to the previous example, line 16 is given @code{inline-close} |
4265 syntax, while line 12 is given @code{defun-block-open} syntax, and lines | |
4266 13 through 15 are all given @code{statement} syntax. Line 17 is | |
4267 interesting in that its syntactic analysis list contains three | |
4268 elements: | |
4269 | |
4270 @example | |
53118
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4271 ((inclass 58) (topmost-intro 380) (friend)) |
25829 | 4272 @end example |
4273 | |
67253 | 4274 The @code{friend} and @code{inline-open} syntactic symbols are |
4275 modifiers that do not have anchor positions. | |
4276 | |
4277 @ssindex template-args-cont | |
25829 | 4278 Template definitions introduce yet another syntactic symbol: |
4279 | |
4280 @example | |
53118
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4281 1: ThingManager <int, |
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4282 2: Framework::Callback *, |
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4283 3: Mutex> framework_callbacks; |
25829 | 4284 @end example |
4285 | |
4286 Here, line 1 is analyzed as a @code{topmost-intro}, but lines 2 and 3 | |
4287 are both analyzed as @code{template-args-cont} lines. | |
4288 | |
67253 | 4289 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
4290 @node Conditional Construct Symbols, Switch Statement Symbols, Class Symbols, Syntactic Symbols | |
4291 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
4292 @subsection Conditional Construct Symbols | |
4293 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
4294 | |
4295 Here is a (totally contrived) example which illustrates how syntax is | |
4296 assigned to various conditional constructs: | |
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4297 |
25829 | 4298 @example |
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4299 1: void spam( int index ) |
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4300 2: @{ |
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4301 3: for( int i=0; i<index; i++ ) |
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4302 4: @{ |
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4303 5: if( i == 10 ) |
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4304 6: do_something_special(); |
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4305 7: else |
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4306 8: silly_label: |
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4307 9: do_something( i ); |
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4308 10: @} |
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4309 11: do @{ |
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4310 12: another_thing( i-- ); |
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4311 13: @} |
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4312 14: while( i > 0 ); |
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4313 15: @} |
25829 | 4314 @end example |
4315 | |
4316 Only the lines that illustrate new syntactic symbols will be discussed. | |
4317 | |
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4318 @ssindex substatement-open |
67253 | 4319 @ssindex statement-block-intro |
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4320 @ssindex block-close |
25829 | 4321 Line 4 has a brace which opens a conditional's substatement block. It |
4322 is thus assigned @code{substatement-open} syntax, and since line 5 is | |
4323 the first line in the substatement block, it is assigned | |
67253 | 4324 @code{statement-block-intro} syntax. Line 10 contains the brace |
4325 that closes the inner substatement block, and is therefore given the | |
4326 syntax @code{block-close}@footnote{@code{block-open} is used only for | |
4327 ``free-standing'' blocks, and is somewhat rare (@pxref{Literal | |
4328 Symbols} for an example.)}. Line 13 is treated the same way. | |
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4329 |
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|
4330 @ssindex substatement |
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|
4331 Lines 6 and 9 are also substatements of conditionals, but since they |
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4332 don't start blocks they are given @code{substatement} syntax |
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|
4333 instead of @code{substatement-open}. |
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4334 |
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4335 @ssindex substatement-label |
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4336 Line 8 contains a label, which is normally given @code{label} syntax. |
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4337 This one is however a bit special since it's between a conditional and |
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4338 its substatement. It's analyzed as @code{substatement-label} to let you |
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4339 handle this rather odd case differently from normal labels. |
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4340 |
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|
4341 @ssindex else-clause |
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|
4342 @ssindex catch-clause |
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4343 Line 7 start with an @code{else} that matches the @code{if} statement on |
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4344 line 5. It is therefore given the @code{else-clause} syntax and is |
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4345 anchored on the matching @code{if}. The @code{try}-@code{catch} |
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|
4346 constructs in C++ and Java are treated this way too, except that |
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4347 @code{catch} and (in Java) @code{finally}, are marked with |
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|
4348 @code{catch-clause}. |
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4349 |
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|
4350 @ssindex do-while-closure |
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4351 The @code{while} construct on line 14 that closes a @code{do} |
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4352 conditional is given the special syntax @code{do-while-closure} if it |
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4353 appears on a line by itself. Note that if the @code{while} appeared on |
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4354 the same line as the preceding close brace, that line would still have |
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4355 @code{block-close} syntax. |
25829 | 4356 |
67253 | 4357 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
4358 @node Switch Statement Symbols, Brace List Symbols, Conditional Construct Symbols, Syntactic Symbols | |
4359 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
4360 @subsection Switch Statement Symbols | |
4361 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
4362 | |
25829 | 4363 Switch statements have their own set of syntactic symbols. Here's an |
4364 example: | |
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4365 |
25829 | 4366 @example |
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4367 1: void spam( enum Ingredient i ) |
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4368 2: @{ |
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4369 3: switch( i ) @{ |
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4370 4: case Ham: |
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4371 5: be_a_pig(); |
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4372 6: break; |
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4373 7: case Salt: |
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4374 8: drink_some_water(); |
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4375 9: break; |
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4376 10: default: |
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* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4377 11: @{ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4378 12: what_is_it(); |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4379 13: break; |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4380 14: @} |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4381 15: @} |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4382 14: @} |
25829 | 4383 @end example |
4384 | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4385 @ssindex case-label |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4386 @ssindex statement-case-intro |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4387 @ssindex statement-case-open |
25829 | 4388 Here, lines 4, 7, and 10 are all assigned @code{case-label} syntax, |
4389 while lines 5 and 8 are assigned @code{statement-case-intro}. Line 11 | |
4390 is treated slightly differently since it contains a brace that opens a | |
4391 block --- it is given @code{statement-case-open} syntax. | |
4392 | |
67253 | 4393 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
4394 @node Brace List Symbols, External Scope Symbols, Switch Statement Symbols, Syntactic Symbols | |
4395 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
4396 @subsection Brace List Symbols | |
4397 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
4398 | |
25829 | 4399 @cindex brace lists |
4400 There are a set of syntactic symbols that are used to recognize | |
4401 constructs inside of brace lists. A brace list is defined as an | |
4402 @code{enum} or aggregate initializer list, such as might statically | |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4403 initialize an array of structs. The three special aggregate constructs |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4404 in Pike, @code{(@{ @})}, @code{([ ])} and @code{(< >)}, are treated as |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4405 brace lists too. An example: |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4406 |
25829 | 4407 @example |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4408 1: static char* ingredients[] = |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4409 2: @{ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4410 3: "Ham", |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4411 4: "Salt", |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4412 5: NULL |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4413 6: @}; |
25829 | 4414 @end example |
4415 | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4416 @ssindex brace-list-open |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4417 @ssindex brace-list-intro |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4418 @ssindex brace-list-close |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4419 @ssindex brace-list-entry |
25829 | 4420 Following convention, line 2 in this example is assigned |
4421 @code{brace-list-open} syntax, and line 3 is assigned | |
4422 @code{brace-list-intro} syntax. Likewise, line 6 is assigned | |
4423 @code{brace-list-close} syntax. Lines 4 and 5 however, are assigned | |
4424 @code{brace-list-entry} syntax, as would all subsequent lines in this | |
4425 initializer list. | |
4426 | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4427 @ssindex brace-entry-open |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4428 Your static initializer might be initializing nested structures, for |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4429 example: |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4430 |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4431 @example |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4432 1: struct intpairs[] = |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4433 2: @{ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4434 3: @{ 1, 2 @}, |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4435 4: @{ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4436 5: 3, |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4437 6: 4 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4438 7: @} |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4439 8: @{ 1, |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4440 9: 2 @}, |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4441 10: @{ 3, 4 @} |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4442 11: @}; |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4443 @end example |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4444 |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4445 Here, you've already seen the analysis of lines 1, 2, 3, and 11. On |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4446 line 4, things get interesting; this line is assigned |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4447 @code{brace-entry-open} syntactic symbol because it's a bracelist entry |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4448 line that starts with an open brace. Lines 5 and 6 (and line 9) are |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4449 pretty standard, and line 7 is a @code{brace-list-close} as you'd |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4450 expect. Once again, line 8 is assigned as @code{brace-entry-open} as is |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4451 line 10. |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4452 |
67253 | 4453 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
4454 @node External Scope Symbols, Paren List Symbols, Brace List Symbols, Syntactic Symbols | |
4455 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
4456 @subsection External Scope Symbols | |
4457 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
4458 | |
25829 | 4459 External language definition blocks also have their own syntactic |
4460 symbols. In this example: | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4461 |
25829 | 4462 @example |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4463 1: extern "C" |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4464 2: @{ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4465 3: int thing_one( int ); |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4466 4: int thing_two( double ); |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4467 5: @} |
25829 | 4468 @end example |
4469 | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4470 @ssindex extern-lang-open |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4471 @ssindex extern-lang-close |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4472 @ssindex inextern-lang |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4473 @ssindex inclass |
25829 | 4474 @noindent |
4475 line 2 is given the @code{extern-lang-open} syntax, while line 5 is given | |
4476 the @code{extern-lang-close} syntax. The analysis for line 3 yields: | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4477 |
25829 | 4478 @example |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4479 ((inextern-lang) (topmost-intro 14)) |
25829 | 4480 @end example |
4481 | |
4482 @noindent | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4483 where @code{inextern-lang} is a modifier similar in purpose to |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4484 @code{inclass}. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4485 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4486 There are various other top level blocks like @code{extern}, and they |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4487 are all treated in the same way except that the symbols are named after |
67253 | 4488 the keyword that introduces the block. E.g. C++ namespace blocks get |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4489 the three symbols @code{namespace-open}, @code{namespace-close} and |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4490 @code{innamespace}. The currently recognized top level blocks are: |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4491 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4492 @table @asis |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4493 @item @code{extern-lang-open}, @code{extern-lang-close}, @code{inextern-lang} |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4494 @code{extern} blocks in C and C++.@footnote{These should logically be |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4495 named @code{extern-open}, @code{extern-close} and @code{inextern}, but |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4496 that isn't the case for historical reasons.} |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4497 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4498 @item @code{namespace-open}, @code{namespace-close}, @code{innamespace} |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4499 @ssindex namespace-open |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4500 @ssindex namespace-close |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4501 @ssindex innamespace |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4502 @code{namespace} blocks in C++. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4503 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4504 @item @code{module-open}, @code{module-close}, @code{inmodule} |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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52401
diff
changeset
|
4505 @ssindex module-open |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4506 @ssindex module-close |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4507 @ssindex inmodule |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4508 @code{module} blocks in CORBA IDL. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4509 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4510 @item @code{composition-open}, @code{composition-close}, @code{incomposition} |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4511 @ssindex composition-open |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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parents:
52401
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changeset
|
4512 @ssindex composition-close |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4513 @ssindex incomposition |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4514 @code{composition} blocks in CORBA CIDL. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4515 @end table |
25829 | 4516 |
67253 | 4517 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
4518 @node Paren List Symbols, Literal Symbols, External Scope Symbols, Syntactic Symbols | |
4519 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
4520 @subsection Parenthesis (Argument) List Symbols | |
4521 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
4522 | |
25829 | 4523 A number of syntactic symbols are associated with parenthesis lists, |
4524 a.k.a argument lists, as found in function declarations and function | |
4525 calls. This example illustrates these: | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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|
4526 |
25829 | 4527 @example |
53118
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* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
4528 1: void a_function( int line1, |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
4529 2: int line2 ); |
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|
4530 3: |
53118
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changeset
|
4531 4: void a_longer_function( |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
4532 5: int line1, |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
4533 6: int line2 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
4534 7: ); |
59996
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Change release version from 21.4 to 22.1 throughout.
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|
4535 8: |
53118
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* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
4536 9: void call_them( int line1, int line2 ) |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
4537 10: @{ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
4538 11: a_function( |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
4539 12: line1, |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
4540 13: line2 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
4541 14: ); |
59996
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|
4542 15: |
53118
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* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
4543 16: a_longer_function( line1, |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
4544 17: line2 ); |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
4545 18: @} |
25829 | 4546 @end example |
4547 | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
4548 @ssindex arglist-intro |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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changeset
|
4549 @ssindex arglist-close |
25829 | 4550 Lines 5 and 12 are assigned @code{arglist-intro} syntax since they are |
4551 the first line following the open parenthesis, and lines 7 and 14 are | |
4552 assigned @code{arglist-close} syntax since they contain the parenthesis | |
4553 that closes the argument list. | |
4554 | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
4555 @ssindex arglist-cont-nonempty |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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changeset
|
4556 @ssindex arglist-cont |
25829 | 4557 Lines that continue argument lists can be assigned one of two syntactic |
4558 symbols. For example, Lines 2 and 17 | |
4559 are assigned @code{arglist-cont-nonempty} syntax. What this means | |
4560 is that they continue an argument list, but that the line containing the | |
4561 parenthesis that opens the list is @emph{not empty} following the open | |
4562 parenthesis. Contrast this against lines 6 and 13 which are assigned | |
4563 @code{arglist-cont} syntax. This is because the parenthesis that opens | |
4564 their argument lists is the last character on that line. | |
4565 | |
67253 | 4566 Syntactic elements with @code{arglist-intro}, |
4567 @code{arglist-cont-nonempty}, and @code{arglist-close} contain two | |
4568 buffer positions: the anchor position (the beginning of the | |
4569 declaration or statement) and the position of the open parenthesis. | |
4570 The latter position can be used in a line-up function (@pxref{Line-Up | |
4571 Functions}). | |
4572 | |
25829 | 4573 Note that there is no @code{arglist-open} syntax. This is because any |
4574 parenthesis that opens an argument list, appearing on a separate line, | |
4575 is assigned the @code{statement-cont} syntax instead. | |
4576 | |
67253 | 4577 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
4578 @node Literal Symbols, Multiline Macro Symbols, Paren List Symbols, Syntactic Symbols | |
4579 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
4580 @subsection Comment String Label and Macro Symbols | |
4581 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
4582 | |
25829 | 4583 A few miscellaneous syntactic symbols that haven't been previously |
4584 covered are illustrated by this C++ example: | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
4585 |
25829 | 4586 @example |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4587 1: void Bass::play( int volume ) |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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changeset
|
4588 2: const |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4589 3: @{ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4590 4: /* this line starts a multiline |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4591 5: * comment. This line should get `c' syntax */ |
59996
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Change release version from 21.4 to 22.1 throughout.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4592 6: |
53118
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* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4593 7: char* a_multiline_string = "This line starts a multiline \ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4594 8: string. This line should get `string' syntax."; |
59996
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Change release version from 21.4 to 22.1 throughout.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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changeset
|
4595 9: |
53118
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* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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diff
changeset
|
4596 10: note: |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4597 11: @{ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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diff
changeset
|
4598 12: #ifdef LOCK |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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changeset
|
4599 13: Lock acquire(); |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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changeset
|
4600 14: #endif // LOCK |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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changeset
|
4601 15: slap_pop(); |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4602 16: cout << "I played " |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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changeset
|
4603 17: << "a note\n"; |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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changeset
|
4604 18: @} |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
4605 19: @} |
25829 | 4606 @end example |
4607 | |
4608 The lines to note in this example include: | |
4609 | |
4610 @itemize @bullet | |
4611 @item | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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changeset
|
4612 @ssindex func-decl-cont |
30396
460a86ced57c
@setfilename to ../info/ccmode.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
4613 Line 2 is assigned the @code{func-decl-cont} syntax. |
25829 | 4614 |
4615 @item | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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changeset
|
4616 @ssindex comment-intro |
30396
460a86ced57c
@setfilename to ../info/ccmode.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
4617 Line 4 is assigned both @code{defun-block-intro} @emph{and} |
67253 | 4618 @code{comment-intro} syntax. A syntactic element with |
4619 @code{comment-intro} has no anchor point --- It is always accompanied | |
4620 by another syntactic element which does have one. | |
25829 | 4621 |
4622 @item | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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changeset
|
4623 @ssindex c |
30396
460a86ced57c
@setfilename to ../info/ccmode.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
4624 Line 5 is assigned @code{c} syntax. |
25829 | 4625 |
4626 @item | |
4627 @cindex syntactic whitespace | |
30396
460a86ced57c
@setfilename to ../info/ccmode.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
30044
diff
changeset
|
4628 Line 6 which, even though it contains nothing but whitespace, is |
25829 | 4629 assigned @code{defun-block-intro}. Note that the appearance of the |
4630 comment on lines 4 and 5 do not cause line 6 to be assigned | |
4631 @code{statement} syntax because comments are considered to be | |
4632 @dfn{syntactic whitespace}, which are ignored when analyzing | |
30396
460a86ced57c
@setfilename to ../info/ccmode.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4633 code. |
25829 | 4634 |
4635 @item | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4636 @ssindex string |
30396
460a86ced57c
@setfilename to ../info/ccmode.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
30044
diff
changeset
|
4637 Line 8 is assigned @code{string} syntax. |
25829 | 4638 |
4639 @item | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4640 @ssindex label |
30396
460a86ced57c
@setfilename to ../info/ccmode.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4641 Line 10 is assigned @code{label} syntax. |
25829 | 4642 |
4643 @item | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4644 @ssindex block-open |
67253 | 4645 Line 11 is assigned @code{block-open} as well as @code{statement} |
4646 syntax. A @code{block-open} syntactic element doesn't have an anchor | |
4647 position, since it always appears with another syntactic element which | |
4648 does have one. | |
25829 | 4649 |
4650 @item | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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changeset
|
4651 @ssindex cpp-macro |
30396
460a86ced57c
@setfilename to ../info/ccmode.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
30044
diff
changeset
|
4652 Lines 12 and 14 are assigned @code{cpp-macro} syntax in addition to the |
460a86ced57c
@setfilename to ../info/ccmode.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
30044
diff
changeset
|
4653 normal syntactic symbols (@code{statement-block-intro} and |
460a86ced57c
@setfilename to ../info/ccmode.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
30044
diff
changeset
|
4654 @code{statement}, respectively). Normally @code{cpp-macro} is |
460a86ced57c
@setfilename to ../info/ccmode.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
30044
diff
changeset
|
4655 configured to cancel out the normal syntactic context to make all |
460a86ced57c
@setfilename to ../info/ccmode.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
30044
diff
changeset
|
4656 preprocessor directives stick to the first column, but that's easily |
460a86ced57c
@setfilename to ../info/ccmode.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
30044
diff
changeset
|
4657 changed if you want preprocessor directives to be indented like the rest |
67253 | 4658 of the code. Like @code{comment-intro}, a syntactic element with |
4659 @code{cpp-macro} doesn't contain an anchor position. | |
25829 | 4660 |
4661 @item | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
4662 @ssindex stream-op |
30396
460a86ced57c
@setfilename to ../info/ccmode.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4663 Line 17 is assigned @code{stream-op} syntax. |
25829 | 4664 @end itemize |
4665 | |
67253 | 4666 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
4667 @node Multiline Macro Symbols, Objective-C Method Symbols, Literal Symbols, Syntactic Symbols | |
4668 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
4669 @subsection Multiline Macro Symbols | |
4670 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
4671 | |
53118
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* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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changeset
|
4672 @cindex multiline macros |
25829 | 4673 @cindex syntactic whitespace |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
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Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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changeset
|
4674 @ssindex cpp-define-intro |
67253 | 4675 @ssindex cpp-macro-cont |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4676 Multiline preprocessor macro definitions are normally handled just like |
67253 | 4677 other code, i.e. the lines inside them are indented according to the |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4678 syntactic analysis of the preceding lines inside the macro. The first |
67253 | 4679 line inside a macro definition (i.e. the line after the starting line of |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4680 the cpp directive itself) gets @code{cpp-define-intro}. In this example: |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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diff
changeset
|
4681 |
25829 | 4682 @example |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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changeset
|
4683 1: #define LIST_LOOP(cons, listp) \ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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diff
changeset
|
4684 2: for (cons = listp; !NILP (cons); cons = XCDR (cons)) \ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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diff
changeset
|
4685 3: if (!CONSP (cons)) \ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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52401
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changeset
|
4686 4: signal_error ("Invalid list format", listp); \ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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diff
changeset
|
4687 5: else |
25829 | 4688 @end example |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
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changeset
|
4689 |
25829 | 4690 @noindent |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4691 line 1 is given the syntactic symbol @code{cpp-macro}. The first line |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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52401
diff
changeset
|
4692 of a cpp directive is always given that symbol. Line 2 is given |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4693 @code{cpp-define-intro}, so that you can give the macro body as a whole |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4694 some extra indentation. Lines 3 through 5 are then analyzed as normal |
67253 | 4695 code, i.e. @code{substatement} on lines 3 and 4, and @code{else-clause} |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
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changeset
|
4696 on line 5. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
4697 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4698 The syntactic analysis inside macros can be turned off with |
67253 | 4699 @code{c-syntactic-indentation-in-macros} (@pxref{Custom Macros}). In |
4700 that case, lines 2 through 5 would all be given @code{cpp-macro-cont} | |
4701 with an anchor position pointing to the @code{#} which starts the cpp | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
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Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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52401
diff
changeset
|
4702 directive@footnote{This is how @ccmode{} 5.28 and earlier analyzed |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4703 macros.}. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4704 |
67253 | 4705 @xref{Custom Macros}, for more info about the treatment of macros. |
4706 | |
4707 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
4708 @node Objective-C Method Symbols, Anonymous Class Symbol, Multiline Macro Symbols, Syntactic Symbols | |
4709 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
4710 @subsection Objective-C Method Symbols | |
4711 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
25829 | 4712 |
4713 In Objective-C buffers, there are three additional syntactic symbols | |
4714 assigned to various message calling constructs. Here's an example | |
4715 illustrating these: | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4716 |
25829 | 4717 @example |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4718 1: - (void)setDelegate:anObject |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4719 2: withStuff:stuff |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4720 3: @{ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4721 4: [delegate masterWillRebind:self |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4722 5: toDelegate:anObject |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4723 6: withExtraStuff:stuff]; |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4724 7: @} |
25829 | 4725 @end example |
4726 | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4727 @ssindex objc-method-intro |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4728 @ssindex objc-method-args-cont |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4729 @ssindex objc-method-call-cont |
25829 | 4730 Here, line 1 is assigned @code{objc-method-intro} syntax, and line 2 is |
4731 assigned @code{objc-method-args-cont} syntax. Lines 5 and 6 are both | |
4732 assigned @code{objc-method-call-cont} syntax. | |
4733 | |
67253 | 4734 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
4735 @node Anonymous Class Symbol, Statement Block Symbols, Objective-C Method Symbols, Syntactic Symbols | |
4736 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
4737 @subsection Anonymous Class Symbol (Java) | |
4738 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
4739 | |
4740 Java has a concept of anonymous classes which can look something like | |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4741 this: |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4742 |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4743 @example |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4744 1: public void watch(Observable o) @{ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4745 2: o.addObserver(new Observer() @{ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4746 3: public void update(Observable o, Object arg) @{ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4747 4: history.addElement(arg); |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4748 5: @} |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4749 6: @}); |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4750 7: @} |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4751 @end example |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4752 |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4753 @ssindex inexpr-class |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4754 The brace following the @code{new} operator opens the anonymous class. |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4755 Lines 3 and 6 are assigned the @code{inexpr-class} syntax, besides the |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4756 @code{inclass} symbol used in normal classes. Thus, the class will be |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4757 indented just like a normal class, with the added indentation given to |
67253 | 4758 @code{inexpr-class}. An @code{inexpr-class} syntactic element doesn't |
4759 have an anchor position. | |
4760 | |
4761 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
4762 @node Statement Block Symbols, K&R Symbols, Anonymous Class Symbol, Syntactic Symbols | |
4763 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
4764 @subsection Statement Block Symbols | |
4765 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
4766 | |
4767 There are a few occasions where a statement block might be used inside | |
4768 an expression. One is in C or C++ code using the gcc extension for | |
4769 this, e.g: | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4770 |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4771 @example |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4772 1: int res = (@{ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4773 2: int y = foo (); int z; |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4774 3: if (y > 0) z = y; else z = - y; |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4775 4: z; |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4776 5: @}); |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4777 @end example |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4778 |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4779 @ssindex inexpr-statement |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4780 Lines 2 and 5 get the @code{inexpr-statement} syntax, besides the |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4781 symbols they'd get in a normal block. Therefore, the indentation put on |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4782 @code{inexpr-statement} is added to the normal statement block |
67253 | 4783 indentation. An @code{inexpr-statement} syntactic element doesn't |
4784 contain an anchor position. | |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4785 |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4786 In Pike code, there are a few other situations where blocks occur inside |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4787 statements, as illustrated here: |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4788 |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4789 @example |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4790 1: array itgob() |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4791 2: @{ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4792 3: string s = map (backtrace()[-2][3..], |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4793 4: lambda |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4794 5: (mixed arg) |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4795 6: @{ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4796 7: return sprintf ("%t", arg); |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4797 8: @}) * ", " + "\n"; |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4798 9: return catch @{ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4799 10: write (s + "\n"); |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4800 11: @}; |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4801 12: @} |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4802 @end example |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4803 |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4804 @ssindex inlambda |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4805 @ssindex lambda-intro-cont |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4806 Lines 4 through 8 contain a lambda function, which @ccmode{} recognizes |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4807 by the @code{lambda} keyword. If the function argument list is put |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4808 on a line of its own, as in line 5, it gets the @code{lambda-intro-cont} |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4809 syntax. The function body is handled as an inline method body, with the |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4810 addition of the @code{inlambda} syntactic symbol. This means that line |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4811 6 gets @code{inlambda} and @code{inline-open}, and line 8 gets |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4812 @code{inline-close}@footnote{You might wonder why it doesn't get |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4813 @code{inlambda} too. It's because the closing brace is relative to the |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4814 opening brace, which stands on its own line in this example. If the |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4815 opening brace was hanging on the previous line, then the closing brace |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4816 would get the @code{inlambda} syntax too to be indented correctly.}. |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4817 |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4818 @ssindex inexpr-statement |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4819 On line 9, @code{catch} is a special function taking a statement block |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4820 as its argument. The block is handled as an in-expression statement |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4821 with the @code{inexpr-statement} syntax, just like the gcc extended C |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4822 example above. The other similar special function, @code{gauge}, is |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4823 handled like this too. |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4824 |
67253 | 4825 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
4826 @node K&R Symbols, , Statement Block Symbols, Syntactic Symbols | |
4827 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
4828 @subsection K&R Symbols | |
4829 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
4830 | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4831 @ssindex knr-argdecl-intro |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4832 @ssindex knr-argdecl |
25829 | 4833 Two other syntactic symbols can appear in old style, non-prototyped C |
4834 code @footnote{a.k.a. K&R C, or Kernighan & Ritchie C}: | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4835 |
25829 | 4836 @example |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4837 1: int add_three_integers(a, b, c) |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4838 2: int a; |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4839 3: int b; |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4840 4: int c; |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4841 5: @{ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4842 6: return a + b + c; |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4843 7: @} |
25829 | 4844 @end example |
4845 | |
4846 Here, line 2 is the first line in an argument declaration list and so is | |
4847 given the @code{knr-argdecl-intro} syntactic symbol. Subsequent lines | |
67253 | 4848 (i.e. lines 3 and 4 in this example), are given @code{knr-argdecl} |
25829 | 4849 syntax. |
4850 | |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4851 |
25829 | 4852 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
67253 | 4853 @node Indentation Calculation, , Syntactic Symbols, Indentation Engine Basics |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
4854 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
67253 | 4855 @section Indentation Calculation |
4856 @cindex indentation | |
4857 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
4858 | |
4859 Indentation for a line is calculated from the syntactic context | |
4860 (@pxref{Syntactic Analysis}). | |
4861 | |
4862 First, a buffer position is found whose column will be the base for the | |
4863 indentation calculation. It's the anchor position in the first | |
4864 syntactic element that provides one that is used. If no syntactic | |
4865 element has an anchor position then column zero is used. | |
4866 | |
4867 Second, the syntactic symbols in each syntactic element are looked up | |
4868 in the @code{c-offsets-alist} style variable | |
4869 (@pxref{c-offsets-alist}), which is an association list of syntactic | |
4870 symbols and the offsets to apply for those symbols. These offsets are | |
4871 added together with the base column to produce the new indentation | |
4872 column. | |
4873 | |
4874 Let's use our two code examples above to see how this works. Here is | |
4875 our first example again: | |
4876 | |
4877 @example | |
4878 1: void swap( int& a, int& b ) | |
4879 2: @{ | |
4880 3: int tmp = a; | |
4881 4: a = b; | |
4882 5: b = tmp; | |
4883 6: @} | |
4884 @end example | |
4885 | |
68313 | 4886 Let's say point is on line 3 and we hit the @key{TAB} key to reindent |
67253 | 4887 the line. The syntactic context for that line is: |
4888 | |
4889 @example | |
4890 ((defun-block-intro 29)) | |
4891 @end example | |
4892 | |
4893 @noindent | |
4894 Since buffer position 29 is the first and only anchor position in the | |
4895 list, @ccmode{} goes there and asks for the current column. This brace | |
4896 is in column zero, so @ccmode{} uses @samp{0} as the base column. | |
4897 | |
4898 Next, @ccmode{} looks up @code{defun-block-intro} in the | |
4899 @code{c-offsets-alist} style variable. Let's say it finds the value | |
4900 @samp{4}; it adds this to the base column @samp{0}, yielding a running | |
4901 total indentation of 4 spaces. | |
4902 | |
4903 Since there is only one syntactic element on the list for this line, | |
4904 indentation calculation is complete, and the total indentation for the | |
4905 line is 4 spaces. | |
4906 | |
4907 Here's another example: | |
4908 | |
4909 @example | |
4910 1: int add( int val, int incr, int doit ) | |
4911 2: @{ | |
4912 3: if( doit ) | |
4913 4: @{ | |
4914 5: return( val + incr ); | |
4915 6: @} | |
4916 7: return( val ); | |
4917 8: @} | |
4918 @end example | |
4919 | |
4920 If we were to hit @kbd{TAB} on line 4 in the above example, the same | |
4921 basic process is performed, despite the differences in the syntactic | |
4922 context. The context for this line is: | |
4923 | |
4924 @example | |
4925 ((substatement-open 46)) | |
4926 @end example | |
4927 | |
4928 Here, @ccmode{} goes to buffer position 46, which is the @samp{i} in | |
4929 @code{if} on line 3. This character is in the fourth column on that | |
4930 line so the base column is @samp{4}. Then @ccmode{} looks up the | |
4931 @code{substatement-open} symbol in @code{c-offsets-alist}. Let's say it | |
4932 finds the value @samp{4}. It's added with the base column and yields an | |
4933 indentation for the line of 8 spaces. | |
4934 | |
4935 Simple, huh? | |
4936 | |
4937 Actually, it's a bit more complicated than that since the entries on | |
4938 @code{c-offsets-alist} can be much more than plain offsets. | |
4939 @xref{c-offsets-alist}, for the full story. | |
4940 | |
4941 Anyway, the mode usually just does The Right Thing without you having to | |
4942 think about it in this much detail. But when customizing indentation, | |
4943 it's helpful to understand the general indentation model being used. | |
4944 | |
4945 As you configure @ccmode{}, you might want to set the variable | |
4946 @code{c-echo-syntactic-information-p} to non-@code{nil} so that the | |
4947 syntactic context and calculated offset always is echoed in the | |
4948 minibuffer when you hit @kbd{TAB}. | |
4949 | |
4950 | |
4951 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
4952 @node Customizing Indentation, Custom Macros, Indentation Engine Basics, Top | |
4953 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
4954 @chapter Customizing Indentation | |
4955 @cindex customization, indentation | |
4956 @cindex indentation | |
4957 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
4958 | |
4959 The principal variable for customizing indentation is the style | |
4960 variable @code{c-offsets-alist}, which gives an @dfn{offset} (an | |
4961 indentation rule) for each syntactic symbol. Its structure and | |
4962 semantics are completely described in @ref{c-offsets-alist}. The | |
4963 various ways you can set the variable, including the use of the | |
4964 @ccmode{} style system, are described in @ref{Config Basics} and its | |
4965 sections, in particular @ref{Style Variables}. | |
4966 | |
4967 The simplest and most used kind of ``offset'' setting in | |
4968 @code{c-offsets-alist} is in terms of multiples of | |
4969 @code{c-basic-offset}: | |
4970 | |
4971 @defopt c-basic-offset | |
4972 @vindex basic-offset (c-) | |
4973 This style variable holds the basic offset between indentation levels. | |
4974 It's factory default is 4, but all the built-in styles set it | |
4975 themselves, to some value between 2 (for @code{gnu} style) and 8 (for | |
4976 @code{bsd}, @code{linux}, and @code{python} styles). | |
4977 @end defopt | |
4978 | |
4979 The most flexible ``offset'' setting you can make in | |
4980 @code{c-offsets-alist} is a line-up function (or even a list of them), | |
4981 either one supplied by @ccmode{} (@pxref{Line-Up Functions}) or one | |
4982 you write yourself (@pxref{Custom Line-Up}). | |
4983 | |
4984 Finally, in @ref{Other Indentation} you'll find the tool of last | |
4985 resort: a hook which is called after a line has been indented. You | |
4986 can install functions here to make ad-hoc adjustments to any line's | |
4987 indentation. | |
4988 | |
4989 @menu | |
4990 * c-offsets-alist:: | |
4991 * Interactive Customization:: | |
4992 * Line-Up Functions:: | |
4993 * Custom Line-Up:: | |
4994 * Other Indentation:: | |
4995 @end menu | |
4996 | |
4997 | |
4998 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
4999 @node c-offsets-alist, Interactive Customization, Customizing Indentation, Customizing Indentation | |
5000 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
5001 @section c-offsets-alist | |
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5002 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
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|
5003 |
67253 | 5004 This section explains the structure and semantics of the style |
5005 variable @code{c-offset-alist}, the principal variable for configuring | |
5006 indentation. Details of how to set it up, and its relationship to | |
5007 @ccmode{}'s style system are given in @ref{Style Variables}. | |
5008 | |
5009 @defopt c-offsets-alist | |
5010 @vindex offsets-alist (c-) | |
5011 This is an alist which associates an offset with each syntactic | |
5012 symbol. This @dfn{offset} is a rule specifying how to indent a line | |
5013 whose syntactic context matches the symbol. @xref{Syntactic | |
5014 Analysis}. | |
5015 | |
5016 Note that the buffer-local binding of this alist in a @ccmode{} buffer | |
5017 contains an entry for @emph{every} syntactic symbol. Its global | |
5018 binding and its settings within style specifications usually contain | |
5019 only a few entries. @xref{Style Variables}. | |
5020 | |
5021 The offset specification associated with any particular syntactic | |
5022 symbol can be an integer, a variable name, a vector, a function or | |
5023 lambda expression, a list, or one of the following special symbols: | |
5024 @code{+}, @code{-}, @code{++}, @code{--}, @code{*}, or @code{/}. The | |
5025 meanings of these values are described in detail below. | |
5026 | |
5027 Here is an example fragment of a @code{c-offsets-alist}, showing some | |
5028 of these kinds of offsets: | |
5029 | |
5030 @example | |
5031 ((statement . 0) | |
5032 (substatement . +) | |
5033 (cpp-macro . [0]) | |
5034 (topmost-intro-cont . c-lineup-topmost-intro-cont) | |
5035 (statement-block-intro . (add c-lineup-whitesmith-in-block | |
5036 c-indent-multi-line-block)) | |
5037 @dots{} | |
5038 @*) | |
5039 @end example | |
5040 @end defopt | |
5041 | |
5042 @deffn Command c-set-offset (@kbd{C-c C-o}) | |
5043 @findex set-offset (c-) | |
5044 @kindex C-c C-o | |
5045 This command changes the entry for a syntactic symbol in the current | |
5046 binding of @code{c-offsets-alist}, or it inserts a new entry if there | |
5047 isn't already one for that syntactic symbol. | |
5048 | |
5049 You can use @code{c-set-offsets} interactively within a @ccmode{} | |
5050 buffer to make experimental changes to your indentation settings. | |
5051 @kbd{C-c C-o} prompts you for the syntactic symbol to change | |
5052 (defaulting to that of the current line) and the new offset | |
5053 (defaulting to the current offset). | |
5054 | |
5055 @code{c-set-offsets} takes two arguments when used programmatically: | |
5056 @var{symbol}, the syntactic element symbol to change and @var{offset}, | |
5057 the new offset for that syntactic element. You can call the command | |
5058 in your @file{.emacs} to change the global binding of | |
5059 @code{c-offsets-alist} (@pxref{Style Variables}); you can use it in a | |
5060 hook function to make changes from the current style. @ccmode{} | |
5061 itself uses this function when initializing styles. | |
5062 @end deffn | |
5063 | |
5064 @cindex offset specification | |
5065 The ``offset specifications'' in @code{c-offsets-alist} can be any of | |
5066 the following: | |
5067 | |
5068 @table @asis | |
5069 @item An integer | |
5070 The integer specifies a relative offset. All relative | |
5071 offsets@footnote{The syntactic context @code{@w{((defun-block-intro | |
5072 2724) (comment-intro))}} would likely have two relative offsets.} will | |
5073 be added together and used to calculate the indentation relative to an | |
5074 anchor position earlier in the buffer. @xref{Indentation | |
5075 Calculation}, for details. Most of the time, it's probably better to | |
5076 use one of the special symbols like @code{+} than an integer (apart | |
5077 from zero). | |
5078 | |
5079 @item One of the symbols @code{+}, @code{-}, @code{++}, @code{--}, @code{*}, or @code{/} | |
5080 These special symbols describe a relative offset in multiples of | |
5081 @code{c-basic-offset}: | |
5082 | |
5083 By defining a style's indentation in terms of @code{c-basic-offset}, | |
5084 you can change the amount of whitespace given to an indentation level | |
5085 while maintaining the same basic shape of your code. Here are the | |
5086 values that the special symbols correspond to: | |
5087 | |
5088 @table @code | |
5089 @item + | |
5090 @code{c-basic-offset} times 1 | |
5091 @item - | |
5092 @code{c-basic-offset} times -1 | |
5093 @item ++ | |
5094 @code{c-basic-offset} times 2 | |
5095 @item -- | |
5096 @code{c-basic-offset} times -2 | |
5097 @item * | |
5098 @code{c-basic-offset} times 0.5 | |
5099 @item / | |
5100 @code{c-basic-offset} times -0.5 | |
5101 @end table | |
5102 | |
5103 @item A vector | |
5104 The first element of the vector, an integer, sets the absolute | |
5105 indentation column. This will override any previously calculated | |
5106 indentation, but won't override relative indentation calculated from | |
5107 syntactic elements later on in the syntactic context of the line being | |
5108 indented. @xref{Indentation Calculation}. Any elements in the vector | |
5109 beyond the first will be ignored. | |
5110 | |
5111 @item A function or lambda expression | |
5112 The function will be called and its return value will in turn be | |
5113 evaluated as an offset specification. Functions are useful when more | |
5114 context than just the syntactic symbol is needed to get the desired | |
5115 indentation. @xref{Line-Up Functions}, and @ref{Custom Line-Up}, for | |
5116 details about them. | |
5117 | |
5118 @item A symbol with a variable binding | |
5119 If the symbol also has a function binding, the function takes | |
5120 precedence over the variable. Otherwise the value of the variable is | |
5121 used. It must be an integer (which is used as relative offset) or a | |
5122 vector (an absolute offset). | |
5123 | |
5124 @item A list | |
5125 The offset can also be a list containing several offset | |
5126 specifications; these are evaluated recursively and combined. A list | |
5127 is typically only useful when some of the offsets are line-up | |
5128 functions. A common strategy is calling a sequence of functions in | |
5129 turn until one of them recognizes that it is appropriate for the | |
5130 source line and returns a non-@code{nil} value. | |
5131 | |
5132 @code{nil} values are always ignored when the offsets are combined. | |
5133 The first element of the list specifies the method of combining the | |
5134 non-@code{nil} offsets from the remaining elements: | |
5135 | |
5136 @table @code | |
5137 @item first | |
5138 Use the first offset that doesn't evaluate to @code{nil}. Subsequent | |
5139 elements of the list don't get evaluated. | |
5140 @item min | |
5141 Use the minimum of all the offsets. All must be either relative or | |
5142 absolute - they can't be mixed. | |
5143 @item max | |
5144 Use the maximum of all the offsets. All must be either relative or | |
5145 absolute - they can't be mixed. | |
5146 @item add | |
5147 Add all the evaluated offsets together. Exactly one of them may be | |
5148 absolute, in which case the result is absolute. Any relative offsets | |
5149 that preceded the absolute one in the list will be ignored in that case. | |
5150 @end table | |
5151 | |
5152 As a compatibility measure, if the first element is none of the above | |
5153 then it too will be taken as an offset specification and the whole list | |
5154 will be combined according to the method @code{first}. | |
5155 @end table | |
5156 | |
5157 @vindex c-strict-syntax-p | |
5158 @vindex strict-syntax-p (c-) | |
5159 If an offset specification evaluates to @code{nil}, then a relative | |
5160 offset of 0 (zero) is used@footnote{There is however a variable | |
5161 @code{c-strict-syntax-p} that when set to non-@code{nil} will cause an | |
5162 error to be signaled in that case. It's now considered obsolete since | |
5163 it doesn't work well with some of the alignment functions that returns | |
5164 @code{nil} instead of zero. You should therefore leave | |
5165 @code{c-strict-syntax-p} set to @code{nil}.}. | |
5166 | |
5167 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
5168 @node Interactive Customization, Line-Up Functions, c-offsets-alist, Customizing Indentation | |
5169 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
5170 @section Interactive Customization | |
5171 @cindex customization, interactive | |
5172 @cindex interactive customization | |
5173 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
5174 | |
5175 As an example of how to customize indentation, let's change the | |
5176 style of this example@footnote{In this and subsequent examples, the | |
5177 original code is formatted using the @samp{gnu} style unless otherwise | |
5178 indicated. @xref{Styles}.}: | |
5179 | |
5180 @example | |
5181 @group | |
5182 1: int add( int val, int incr, int doit ) | |
5183 2: @{ | |
5184 3: if( doit ) | |
5185 4: @{ | |
5186 5: return( val + incr ); | |
5187 6: @} | |
5188 7: return( val ); | |
5189 8: @} | |
5190 @end group | |
5191 @end example | |
5192 | |
5193 @noindent | |
5194 to: | |
5195 | |
5196 @example | |
5197 @group | |
5198 1: int add( int val, int incr, int doit ) | |
5199 2: @{ | |
5200 3: if( doit ) | |
5201 4: @{ | |
5202 5: return( val + incr ); | |
5203 6: @} | |
5204 7: return( val ); | |
5205 8: @} | |
5206 @end group | |
5207 @end example | |
5208 | |
5209 In other words, we want to change the indentation of braces that open a | |
5210 block following a condition so that the braces line up under the | |
5211 conditional, instead of being indented. Notice that the construct we | |
5212 want to change starts on line 4. To change the indentation of a line, | |
5213 we need to see which syntactic symbols affect the offset calculations | |
5214 for that line. Hitting @kbd{C-c C-s} on line 4 yields: | |
5215 | |
5216 @example | |
5217 ((substatement-open 44)) | |
5218 @end example | |
5219 | |
5220 @noindent | |
5221 so we know that to change the offset of the open brace, we need to | |
5222 change the indentation for the @code{substatement-open} syntactic | |
5223 symbol. | |
5224 | |
5225 To do this interactively, just hit @kbd{C-c C-o}. This prompts | |
5226 you for the syntactic symbol to change, providing a reasonable default. | |
5227 In this case, the default is @code{substatement-open}, which is just the | |
5228 syntactic symbol we want to change! | |
5229 | |
5230 After you hit return, @ccmode{} will then prompt you for the new | |
5231 offset value, with the old value as the default. The default in this | |
5232 case is @samp{+}, but we want no extra indentation so enter | |
5233 @samp{0} and @kbd{RET}. This will associate the offset 0 with the | |
5234 syntactic symbol @code{substatement-open}. | |
5235 | |
5236 To check your changes quickly, just hit @kbd{C-c C-q} | |
5237 (@code{c-indent-defun}) to reindent the entire function. The example | |
5238 should now look like: | |
5239 | |
5240 @example | |
5241 @group | |
5242 1: int add( int val, int incr, int doit ) | |
5243 2: @{ | |
5244 3: if( doit ) | |
5245 4: @{ | |
5246 5: return( val + incr ); | |
5247 6: @} | |
5248 7: return( val ); | |
5249 8: @} | |
5250 @end group | |
5251 @end example | |
5252 | |
5253 Notice how just changing the open brace offset on line 4 is all we | |
5254 needed to do. Since the other affected lines are indented relative to | |
5255 line 4, they are automatically indented the way you'd expect. For more | |
5256 complicated examples, this might not always work. The general approach | |
5257 to take is to always start adjusting offsets for lines higher up in the | |
5258 file, then reindent and see if any following lines need further | |
5259 adjustments. | |
5260 | |
5261 @c Move this bit to "Styles" (2005/10/7) | |
5262 @deffn Command c-set-offset symbol offset | |
5263 @findex set-offset (c-) | |
5264 @kindex C-c C-o | |
5265 This is the command bound to @kbd{C-c C-o}. It provides a convenient | |
5266 way to set offsets on @code{c-offsets-alist} both interactively (see | |
5267 the example above) and from your mode hook. | |
5268 | |
5269 It takes two arguments when used programmatically: @var{symbol} is the | |
5270 syntactic element symbol to change and @var{offset} is the new offset | |
5271 for that syntactic element. | |
5272 @end deffn | |
5273 @c End of MOVE THIS BIT. | |
5274 | |
5275 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
5276 @node Line-Up Functions, Custom Line-Up, Interactive Customization, Customizing Indentation | |
5277 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
5278 @section Line-Up Functions | |
5279 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
5280 | |
5281 @cindex line-up function | |
53118
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|
5282 @cindex indentation function |
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diff
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|
5283 Often there are cases when a simple offset setting on a syntactic |
67253 | 5284 symbol isn't enough to get the desired indentation---for example, you |
5285 might want to line up a closing parenthesis with the matching opening | |
5286 one rather than indenting relative to its ``anchor point''. @ccmode{} | |
5287 provides this flexibility with @dfn{line-up functions}. | |
5288 | |
5289 The way you associate a line-up function with a syntactic symbol is | |
5290 described in @ref{c-offsets-alist}. @ccmode{} comes with many | |
5291 predefined line-up functions for common situations. If none of these | |
5292 does what you want, you can write your own. @xref{Custom Line-Up}. | |
5293 Sometimes, it is easier to tweak the standard indentation by adding a | |
5294 function to @code{c-special-indent-hook} (@pxref{Other Indentation}). | |
5295 | |
5296 The line-up functions haven't been adapted for AWK buffers or tested | |
5297 with them. Some of them might work serendipitously. There shouldn't be | |
5298 any problems writing custom line-up functions for AWK mode. | |
5299 | |
5300 The calling convention for line-up functions is described fully in | |
5301 @ref{Custom Line-Up}. Roughly speaking, the return value is either an | |
5302 offset itself (such as @code{+} or @code{[0]}) or it's @code{nil}, | |
5303 meaning ``this function is inappropriate in this case - try a | |
5304 different one''. @xref{c-offsets-alist}. | |
5305 | |
5306 The subsections below describe all the standard line-up functions, | |
5307 categorized by the sort of token the lining-up centres around. For | |
5308 each of these functions there is a ``works with'' list that indicates | |
26819
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5309 which syntactic symbols the function is intended to be used with. |
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|
5310 |
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|
5311 @macro workswith |
36923 | 5312 @emph{Works with:@ } |
26819
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|
5313 @end macro |
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|
5314 @ifinfo |
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changeset
|
5315 @unmacro workswith |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
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|
5316 @macro workswith |
a19be798eaea
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|
5317 Works with: |
a19be798eaea
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|
5318 @end macro |
a19be798eaea
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|
5319 @end ifinfo |
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|
5320 |
53118
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changeset
|
5321 @macro sssTBasicOffset |
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changeset
|
5322 <--> @i{c-basic-offset}@c |
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|
5323 @end macro |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5324 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5325 @macro sssTsssTBasicOffset |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5326 <--><--> @i{c-basic-offset}@c |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5327 @end macro |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5328 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5329 @macro hereFn{func} |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5330 <- @i{\func\}@c |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5331 @end macro |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5332 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5333 @c The TeX backend seems to insert extra spaces around the argument. :P |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5334 @iftex |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5335 @unmacro hereFn |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5336 @macro hereFn{func} |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5337 <-@i{\func\}@c |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5338 @end macro |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5339 @end iftex |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5340 |
67253 | 5341 @menu |
5342 * Brace/Paren Line-Up:: | |
5343 * List Line-Up:: | |
5344 * Operator Line-Up:: | |
5345 * Comment Line-Up:: | |
5346 * Misc Line-Up:: | |
5347 @end menu | |
5348 | |
5349 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
5350 @node Brace/Paren Line-Up, List Line-Up, Line-Up Functions, Line-Up Functions | |
5351 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
5352 @subsection Brace and Parenthesis Line-Up Functions | |
5353 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
5354 | |
5355 The line-up functions here calculate the indentation for braces, | |
5356 parentheses and statements within brace blocks. | |
5357 | |
5358 @defun c-lineup-close-paren | |
5359 @findex lineup-close-paren (c-) | |
5360 Line up the closing paren under its corresponding open paren if the | |
5361 open paren is followed by code. If the open paren ends its line, no | |
5362 indentation is added. E.g: | |
5363 | |
5364 @example | |
5365 @group | |
5366 main (int, | |
5367 char ** | |
5368 ) @hereFn{c-lineup-close-paren} | |
5369 @end group | |
5370 @end example | |
5371 | |
5372 @noindent | |
5373 and | |
5374 | |
5375 @example | |
5376 @group | |
5377 main ( | |
5378 int, char ** | |
5379 ) @hereFn{c-lineup-close-paren} | |
5380 @end group | |
5381 @end example | |
5382 | |
5383 As a special case, if a brace block is opened at the same line as the | |
5384 open parenthesis of the argument list, the indentation is | |
5385 @code{c-basic-offset} instead of the open paren column. See | |
5386 @code{c-lineup-arglist} for further discussion of this ``DWIM'' measure. | |
5387 | |
5388 @workswith All @code{*-close} symbols. | |
5389 @end defun | |
5390 | |
5391 @comment ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
5392 | |
5393 @anchor{c-lineup-arglist-close-under-paren} | |
5394 @defun c-lineup-arglist-close-under-paren | |
5395 @findex lineup-arglist-close-under-paren (c-) | |
5396 Set your @code{arglist-close} syntactic symbol to this line-up function | |
5397 so that parentheses that close argument lists will line up under the | |
5398 parenthesis that opened the argument list. It can also be used with | |
5399 @code{arglist-cont} and @code{arglist-cont-nonempty} to line up all | |
5400 lines inside a parenthesis under the open paren. | |
5401 | |
5402 As a special case, if a brace block is opened at the same line as the | |
5403 open parenthesis of the argument list, the indentation is | |
5404 @code{c-basic-offset} only. See @code{c-lineup-arglist} for further | |
5405 discussion of this ``DWIM'' measure. | |
5406 | |
5407 @workswith Almost all symbols, but are typically most useful on | |
5408 @code{arglist-close}, @code{brace-list-close}, @code{arglist-cont} and | |
5409 @code{arglist-cont-nonempty}. | |
5410 @end defun | |
5411 | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5412 @comment ------------------------------------------------------------ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5413 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5414 @defun c-indent-one-line-block |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5415 @findex indent-one-line-block (c-) |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5416 Indent a one line block @code{c-basic-offset} extra. E.g: |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5417 |
30396
460a86ced57c
@setfilename to ../info/ccmode.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
30044
diff
changeset
|
5418 @example |
460a86ced57c
@setfilename to ../info/ccmode.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
30044
diff
changeset
|
5419 @group |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5420 if (n > 0) |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5421 @{m+=n; n=0;@} @hereFn{c-indent-one-line-block} |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5422 @sssTBasicOffset{} |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5423 @end group |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5424 @end example |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5425 |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5426 @noindent |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5427 and |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5428 |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5429 @example |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5430 @group |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5431 if (n > 0) |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5432 @{ @hereFn{c-indent-one-line-block} |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5433 m+=n; n=0; |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5434 @} |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5435 @end group |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5436 @end example |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5437 |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5438 The block may be surrounded by any kind of parenthesis characters. |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5439 @code{nil} is returned if the line doesn't start with a one line block, |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5440 which makes the function usable in list expressions. |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5441 |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5442 @workswith Almost all syntactic symbols, but most useful on the |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5443 @code{-open} symbols. |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5444 @end defun |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5445 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5446 @comment ------------------------------------------------------------ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5447 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5448 @defun c-indent-multi-line-block |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5449 @findex indent-multi-line-block (c-) |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5450 Indent a multiline block @code{c-basic-offset} extra. E.g: |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5451 |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5452 @example |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5453 @group |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5454 int *foo[] = @{ |
59996
aac0a33f5772
Change release version from 21.4 to 22.1 throughout.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
59032
diff
changeset
|
5455 NULL, |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5456 @{17@}, @hereFn{c-indent-multi-line-block} |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5457 @end group |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5458 @end example |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5459 |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5460 @noindent |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5461 and |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5462 |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5463 @example |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5464 @group |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5465 int *foo[] = @{ |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5466 NULL, |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5467 @{ @hereFn{c-indent-multi-line-block} |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5468 17 |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5469 @}, |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5470 @sssTBasicOffset{} |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5471 @end group |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5472 @end example |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5473 |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5474 The block may be surrounded by any kind of parenthesis characters. |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5475 @code{nil} is returned if the line doesn't start with a multiline |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5476 block, which makes the function usable in list expressions. |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5477 |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5478 @workswith Almost all syntactic symbols, but most useful on the |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5479 @code{-open} symbols. |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5480 @end defun |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5481 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5482 @comment ------------------------------------------------------------ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5483 |
67253 | 5484 @defun c-lineup-runin-statements |
5485 @findex lineup-runin-statements (c-) | |
5486 Line up statements for coding standards which place the first statement | |
5487 in a block on the same line as the block opening brace@footnote{Run-in | |
5488 style doesn't really work too well. You might need to write your own | |
5489 custom line-up functions to better support this style.}. E.g: | |
5490 | |
5491 @example | |
5492 @group | |
5493 int main() | |
5494 @{ puts ("Hello!"); | |
5495 return 0; @hereFn{c-lineup-runin-statements} | |
5496 @} | |
5497 @end group | |
5498 @end example | |
5499 | |
5500 If there is no statement after the opening brace to align with, | |
5501 @code{nil} is returned. This makes the function usable in list | |
5502 expressions. | |
5503 | |
5504 @workswith The @code{statement} syntactic symbol. | |
5505 @end defun | |
5506 | |
5507 @comment ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
5508 | |
5509 @defun c-lineup-inexpr-block | |
5510 @findex lineup-inexpr-block (c-) | |
5511 This can be used with the in-expression block symbols to indent the | |
5512 whole block to the column where the construct is started. E.g. for Java | |
5513 anonymous classes, this lines up the class under the @samp{new} keyword, | |
5514 and in Pike it lines up the lambda function body under the @samp{lambda} | |
5515 keyword. Returns @code{nil} if the block isn't part of such a | |
5516 construct. | |
5517 | |
5518 @workswith @code{inlambda}, @code{inexpr-statement}, | |
5519 @code{inexpr-class}. | |
5520 @end defun | |
5521 | |
5522 @comment ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
5523 | |
5524 @defun c-lineup-after-whitesmith-blocks | |
5525 @findex lineup-after-whitesmith-blocks (c-) | |
5526 Compensate for Whitesmith style indentation of blocks. Due to the way | |
5527 @ccmode{} calculates anchor positions for normal lines inside blocks, | |
5528 this function is necessary for those lines to get correct Whitesmith | |
5529 style indentation. Consider the following examples: | |
5530 | |
5531 @example | |
5532 @group | |
5533 int foo() | |
5534 @{ | |
5535 a; | |
5536 x; @hereFn{c-lineup-after-whitesmith-blocks} | |
5537 @end group | |
5538 @end example | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
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|
5539 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
5540 @example |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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|
5541 @group |
67253 | 5542 int foo() |
5543 @{ | |
5544 @{ | |
5545 a; | |
5546 @} | |
5547 x; @hereFn{c-lineup-after-whitesmith-blocks} | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
5548 @end group |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
5549 @end example |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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|
5550 |
67253 | 5551 The fact that the line with @code{x} is preceded by a Whitesmith style |
5552 indented block in the latter case and not the first should not affect | |
5553 its indentation. But since CC Mode in cases like this uses the | |
5554 indentation of the preceding statement as anchor position, the @code{x} | |
5555 would in the second case be indented too much if the offset for | |
5556 @code{statement} was set simply to zero. | |
5557 | |
5558 This lineup function corrects for this situation by detecting if the | |
5559 anchor position is at an open paren character. In that case, it instead | |
5560 indents relative to the surrounding block just like | |
5561 @code{c-lineup-whitesmith-in-block}. | |
5562 | |
5563 @workswith @code{brace-list-entry}, @code{brace-entry-open}, | |
5564 @code{statement}, @code{arglist-cont}. | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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|
5565 @end defun |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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parents:
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changeset
|
5566 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
5567 @comment ------------------------------------------------------------ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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|
5568 |
67253 | 5569 @defun c-lineup-whitesmith-in-block |
5570 @findex lineup-whitesmith-in-block (c-) | |
5571 Line up lines inside a block in Whitesmith style. It's done in a way | |
5572 that works both when the opening brace hangs and when it doesn't. E.g: | |
5573 | |
5574 @example | |
5575 @group | |
5576 something | |
5577 @{ | |
5578 foo; @hereFn{c-lineup-whitesmith-in-block} | |
5579 @} | |
5580 @end group | |
5581 @end example | |
5582 | |
5583 @noindent | |
5584 and | |
5585 | |
5586 @example | |
5587 @group | |
5588 something @{ | |
5589 foo; @hereFn{c-lineup-whitesmith-in-block} | |
5590 @} | |
5591 @sssTBasicOffset{} | |
5592 @end group | |
5593 @end example | |
5594 | |
5595 In the first case the indentation is kept unchanged, in the second | |
5596 @code{c-basic-offset} is added. | |
5597 | |
5598 @workswith @code{defun-close}, @code{defun-block-intro}, | |
5599 @code{inline-close}, @code{block-close}, @code{brace-list-close}, | |
5600 @code{brace-list-intro}, @code{statement-block-intro}, | |
5601 @code{arglist-intro}, @code{arglist-cont-nonempty}, | |
5602 @code{arglist-close}, and all @code{in*} symbols, e.g. @code{inclass} | |
5603 and @code{inextern-lang}. | |
5604 @end defun | |
5605 | |
5606 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
5607 @node List Line-Up, Operator Line-Up, Brace/Paren Line-Up, Line-Up Functions | |
5608 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
5609 @subsection List Line-Up Functions | |
5610 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
5611 | |
5612 The line-up functions here calculate the indentation for lines which | |
5613 form lists of items, usually separated by commas. | |
5614 | |
5615 The function @ref{c-lineup-arglist-close-under-paren}, which is mainly | |
5616 for indenting a close parenthesis, is also useful for the lines | |
5617 contained within parentheses. | |
5618 | |
53118
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|
5619 @defun c-lineup-arglist |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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|
5620 @findex lineup-arglist (c-) |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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|
5621 Line up the current argument line under the first argument. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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parents:
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|
5622 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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parents:
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changeset
|
5623 As a special case, if an argument on the same line as the open |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5624 parenthesis starts with a brace block opener, the indentation is |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5625 @code{c-basic-offset} only. This is intended as a ``DWIM'' measure in |
67253 | 5626 cases like macros that contain statement blocks, e.g: |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
5627 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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parents:
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changeset
|
5628 @example |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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|
5629 @group |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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parents:
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changeset
|
5630 A_VERY_LONG_MACRO_NAME (@{ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
5631 some (code, with + long, lines * in[it]); |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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parents:
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changeset
|
5632 @}); |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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|
5633 @sssTBasicOffset{} |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
5634 @end group |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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|
5635 @end example |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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changeset
|
5636 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5637 This is motivated partly because it's more in line with how code |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5638 blocks are handled, and partly since it approximates the behavior of |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5639 earlier CC Mode versions, which due to inaccurate analysis tended to |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5640 indent such cases this way. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5641 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5642 @workswith @code{arglist-cont-nonempty}, @code{arglist-close}. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5643 @end defun |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5644 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5645 @comment ------------------------------------------------------------ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5646 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5647 @defun c-lineup-arglist-intro-after-paren |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5648 @findex lineup-arglist-intro-after-paren (c-) |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5649 Line up a line to just after the open paren of the surrounding paren or |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5650 brace block. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5651 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5652 @workswith @code{defun-block-intro}, @code{brace-list-intro}, |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5653 @code{statement-block-intro}, @code{statement-case-intro}, |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5654 @code{arglist-intro}. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5655 @end defun |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5656 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5657 @comment ------------------------------------------------------------ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5658 |
67253 | 5659 @defun c-lineup-multi-inher |
5660 @findex lineup-multi-inher (c-) | |
5661 Line up the classes in C++ multiple inheritance clauses and member | |
5662 initializers under each other. E.g: | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5663 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5664 @example |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
5665 @group |
67253 | 5666 Foo::Foo (int a, int b): |
5667 Cyphr (a), | |
5668 Bar (b) @hereFn{c-lineup-multi-inher} | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5669 @end group |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5670 @end example |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5671 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5672 @noindent |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5673 and |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5674 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5675 @example |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5676 @group |
67253 | 5677 class Foo |
5678 : public Cyphr, | |
5679 public Bar @hereFn{c-lineup-multi-inher} | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5680 @end group |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5681 @end example |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5682 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5683 @noindent |
67253 | 5684 and |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5685 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5686 @example |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5687 @group |
67253 | 5688 Foo::Foo (int a, int b) |
5689 : Cyphr (a) | |
5690 , Bar (b) @hereFn{c-lineup-multi-inher} | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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changeset
|
5691 @end group |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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parents:
52401
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changeset
|
5692 @end example |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5693 |
67253 | 5694 @workswith @code{inher-cont}, @code{member-init-cont}. |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5695 @end defun |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5696 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5697 @comment ------------------------------------------------------------ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5698 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5699 @defun c-lineup-java-inher |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5700 @findex lineup-java-inher (c-) |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5701 Line up Java implements and extends declarations. If class names |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5702 follow on the same line as the @samp{implements}/@samp{extends} |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5703 keyword, they are lined up under each other. Otherwise, they are |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5704 indented by adding @code{c-basic-offset} to the column of the keyword. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5705 E.g: |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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52401
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changeset
|
5706 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5707 @example |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
5708 @group |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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diff
changeset
|
5709 class Foo |
59996
aac0a33f5772
Change release version from 21.4 to 22.1 throughout.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
59032
diff
changeset
|
5710 extends |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5711 Bar @hereFn{c-lineup-java-inher} |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
5712 @sssTBasicOffset{} |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
5713 @end group |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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parents:
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|
5714 @end example |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
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changeset
|
5715 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5716 @noindent |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
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changeset
|
5717 and |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
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changeset
|
5718 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5719 @example |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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changeset
|
5720 @group |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5721 class Foo |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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changeset
|
5722 extends Cyphr, |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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changeset
|
5723 Bar @hereFn{c-lineup-java-inher} |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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parents:
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changeset
|
5724 @end group |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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changeset
|
5725 @end example |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
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changeset
|
5726 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5727 @workswith @code{inher-cont}. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
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changeset
|
5728 @end defun |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5729 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5730 @comment ------------------------------------------------------------ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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changeset
|
5731 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5732 @defun c-lineup-java-throws |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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changeset
|
5733 @findex lineup-java-throws (c-) |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5734 Line up Java throws declarations. If exception names follow on the |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5735 same line as the throws keyword, they are lined up under each other. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5736 Otherwise, they are indented by adding @code{c-basic-offset} to the |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5737 column of the @samp{throws} keyword. The @samp{throws} keyword itself |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5738 is also indented by @code{c-basic-offset} from the function declaration |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5739 start if it doesn't hang. E.g: |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5740 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5741 @example |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5742 @group |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5743 int foo() |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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changeset
|
5744 throws @hereFn{c-lineup-java-throws} |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5745 Bar @hereFn{c-lineup-java-throws} |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5746 @sssTsssTBasicOffset{} |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5747 @end group |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5748 @end example |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5749 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5750 @noindent |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5751 and |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5752 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5753 @example |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5754 @group |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5755 int foo() throws Cyphr, |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5756 Bar, @hereFn{c-lineup-java-throws} |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5757 Vlod @hereFn{c-lineup-java-throws} |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5758 @end group |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5759 @end example |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5760 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5761 @workswith @code{func-decl-cont}. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5762 @end defun |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5763 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5764 @comment ------------------------------------------------------------ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5765 |
67253 | 5766 @defun c-lineup-template-args |
5767 @findex lineup-template-args (c-) | |
5768 Line up the arguments of a template argument list under each other, but | |
5769 only in the case where the first argument is on the same line as the | |
5770 opening @samp{<}. | |
5771 | |
5772 To allow this function to be used in a list expression, @code{nil} is | |
5773 returned if there's no template argument on the first line. | |
5774 | |
5775 @workswith @code{template-args-cont}. | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5776 @end defun |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5777 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5778 @comment ------------------------------------------------------------ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5779 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5780 @defun c-lineup-ObjC-method-call |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5781 @findex lineup-ObjC-method-call (c-) |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5782 For Objective-C code, line up selector args as Emacs Lisp mode does |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5783 with function args: go to the position right after the message receiver, |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5784 and if you are at the end of the line, indent the current line |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5785 c-basic-offset columns from the opening bracket; otherwise you are |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5786 looking at the first character of the first method call argument, so |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5787 lineup the current line with it. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5788 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5789 @workswith @code{objc-method-call-cont}. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5790 @end defun |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5791 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5792 @comment ------------------------------------------------------------ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5793 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5794 @defun c-lineup-ObjC-method-args |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5795 @findex lineup-ObjC-method-args (c-) |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5796 For Objective-C code, line up the colons that separate args. The colon |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5797 on the current line is aligned with the one on the first line. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5798 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5799 @workswith @code{objc-method-args-cont}. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5800 @end defun |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5801 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5802 @comment ------------------------------------------------------------ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5803 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5804 @defun c-lineup-ObjC-method-args-2 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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diff
changeset
|
5805 @findex lineup-ObjC-method-args-2 (c-) |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5806 Similar to @code{c-lineup-ObjC-method-args} but lines up the colon on |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5807 the current line with the colon on the previous line. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5808 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
5809 @workswith @code{objc-method-args-cont}. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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changeset
|
5810 @end defun |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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diff
changeset
|
5811 |
67253 | 5812 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
5813 @node Operator Line-Up, Comment Line-Up, List Line-Up, Line-Up Functions | |
5814 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
5815 @subsection Operator Line-Up Functions | |
5816 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
5817 | |
5818 The line-up functions here calculate the indentation for lines which | |
5819 start with an operator, by lining it up with something on the previous | |
5820 line. | |
5821 | |
5822 @defun c-lineup-argcont | |
5823 @findex lineup-argcont (c-) | |
5824 Line up a continued argument. E.g: | |
5825 | |
5826 @example | |
5827 @group | |
5828 foo (xyz, aaa + bbb + ccc | |
5829 + ddd + eee + fff); @hereFn{c-lineup-argcont} | |
5830 @end group | |
5831 @end example | |
5832 | |
5833 Only continuation lines like this are touched, @code{nil} is returned on | |
5834 lines which are the start of an argument. | |
5835 | |
5836 Within a gcc @code{asm} block, @code{:} is recognised as an argument | |
5837 separator, but of course only between operand specifications, not in the | |
5838 expressions for the operands. | |
5839 | |
5840 @workswith @code{arglist-cont}, @code{arglist-cont-nonempty}. | |
5841 @end defun | |
5842 | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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|
5843 @comment ------------------------------------------------------------ |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5844 |
67253 | 5845 @defun c-lineup-arglist-operators |
5846 @findex lineup-arglist-operators (c-) | |
5847 Line up lines starting with an infix operator under the open paren. | |
5848 Return @code{nil} on lines that don't start with an operator, to leave | |
5849 those cases to other line-up functions. Example: | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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diff
changeset
|
5850 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5851 @example |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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52401
diff
changeset
|
5852 @group |
67253 | 5853 if ( x < 10 |
5854 || at_limit (x, @hereFn{c-lineup-arglist-operators} | |
5855 list) @hereFn{c-lineup-arglist-operators@r{ returns nil}} | |
5856 ) | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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diff
changeset
|
5857 @end group |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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diff
changeset
|
5858 @end example |
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5859 |
67253 | 5860 Since this function doesn't do anything for lines without an infix |
5861 operator you typically want to use it together with some other lineup | |
5862 settings, e.g. as follows (the @code{arglist-close} setting is just a | |
5863 suggestion to get a consistent style): | |
5864 | |
5865 @example | |
5866 (c-set-offset 'arglist-cont | |
5867 '(c-lineup-arglist-operators 0)) | |
5868 (c-set-offset 'arglist-cont-nonempty | |
5869 '(c-lineup-arglist-operators c-lineup-arglist)) | |
5870 (c-set-offset 'arglist-close | |
5871 '(c-lineup-arglist-close-under-paren)) | |
5872 @end example | |
5873 | |
5874 @workswith @code{arglist-cont}, @code{arglist-cont-nonempty}. | |
5875 @end defun | |
5876 | |
5877 @comment ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
5878 | |
5879 @defun c-lineup-assignments | |
5880 @findex lineup-assignments (c-) | |
5881 Line up the current line after the assignment operator on the first line | |
5882 in the statement. If there isn't any, return nil to allow stacking with | |
5883 other line-up functions. If the current line contains an assignment | |
5884 operator too, try to align it with the first one. | |
5885 | |
5886 @workswith @code{topmost-intro-cont}, @code{statement-cont}, | |
5887 @code{arglist-cont}, @code{arglist-cont-nonempty}. | |
5888 | |
5889 @end defun | |
5890 | |
5891 @comment ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
5892 | |
5893 @defun c-lineup-math | |
5894 @findex lineup-math (c-) | |
5895 Like @code{c-lineup-assignments} but indent with @code{c-basic-offset} | |
5896 if no assignment operator was found on the first line. I.e. this | |
5897 function is the same as specifying a list @code{(c-lineup-assignments | |
5898 +)}. It's provided for compatibility with old configurations. | |
5899 | |
5900 @workswith @code{topmost-intro-cont}, @code{statement-cont}, | |
5901 @code{arglist-cont}, @code{arglist-cont-nonempty}. | |
5902 @end defun | |
5903 | |
5904 @comment ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
5905 | |
5906 @defun c-lineup-cascaded-calls | |
5907 @findex lineup-cascaded-calls (c-) | |
5908 Line up ``cascaded calls'' under each other. If the line begins with | |
5909 @code{->} or @code{.} and the preceding line ends with one or more | |
5910 function calls preceded by the same token, then the arrow is lined up | |
5911 with the first of those tokens. E.g: | |
5912 | |
5913 @example | |
5914 @group | |
5915 r = proc->add(17)->add(18) | |
5916 ->add(19) + @hereFn{c-lineup-cascaded-calls} | |
5917 offset; @hereFn{c-lineup-cascaded-calls@r{ (inactive)}} | |
5918 @end group | |
5919 @end example | |
5920 | |
5921 In any other situation @code{nil} is returned to allow use in list | |
53118
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5922 expressions. |
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5923 |
67253 | 5924 @workswith @code{topmost-intro-cont}, @code{statement-cont}, |
5925 @code{arglist-cont}, @code{arglist-cont-nonempty}. | |
53118
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5926 @end defun |
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5927 |
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5928 @comment ------------------------------------------------------------ |
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5929 |
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5930 @defun c-lineup-streamop |
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5931 @findex lineup-streamop (c-) |
67253 | 5932 Line up C++ stream operators (i.e. @samp{<<} and @samp{>>}). |
53118
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5933 |
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5934 @workswith @code{stream-op}. |
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5935 @end defun |
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5936 |
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5937 @comment ------------------------------------------------------------ |
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5938 |
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5939 @defun c-lineup-string-cont |
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5940 @findex lineup-string-cont (c-) |
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5941 Line up a continued string under the one it continues. A continued |
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5942 string in this sense is where a string literal follows directly after |
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5943 another one. E.g: |
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5944 |
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5945 @example |
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5946 @group |
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5947 result = prefix + "A message " |
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5948 "string."; @hereFn{c-lineup-string-cont} |
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5949 @end group |
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5950 @end example |
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5951 |
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5952 @code{nil} is returned in other situations, to allow stacking with other |
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5953 lineup functions. |
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5954 |
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5955 @workswith @code{topmost-intro-cont}, @code{statement-cont}, |
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5956 @code{arglist-cont}, @code{arglist-cont-nonempty}. |
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5957 @end defun |
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5958 |
67253 | 5959 |
5960 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
5961 @node Comment Line-Up, Misc Line-Up, Operator Line-Up, Line-Up Functions | |
5962 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
5963 @subsection Comment Line-Up Functions | |
5964 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
5965 | |
5966 The lineup functions here calculate the indentation for several types | |
5967 of comment structure. | |
5968 | |
5969 @defun c-lineup-C-comments | |
5970 @findex lineup-C-comments (c-) | |
5971 Line up C block comment continuation lines. Various heuristics are used | |
5972 to handle most of the common comment styles. Some examples: | |
5973 | |
5974 @example | |
5975 @group | |
5976 /* /** /* | |
5977 * text * text text | |
5978 */ */ */ | |
5979 @end group | |
5980 @end example | |
5981 | |
5982 @example | |
5983 @group | |
5984 /* text /* /** | |
5985 text ** text ** text | |
5986 */ */ */ | |
5987 @end group | |
5988 @end example | |
5989 | |
5990 @example | |
5991 @group | |
5992 /************************************************** | |
5993 * text | |
5994 *************************************************/ | |
5995 @end group | |
5996 @end example | |
5997 | |
5998 @vindex comment-start-skip | |
5999 @example | |
6000 @group | |
6001 /************************************************** | |
6002 Free form text comments: | |
6003 In comments with a long delimiter line at the | |
6004 start, the indentation is kept unchanged for lines | |
6005 that start with an empty comment line prefix. The | |
6006 delimiter line is whatever matches the | |
6007 @code{comment-start-skip} regexp. | |
6008 **************************************************/ | |
6009 @end group | |
6010 @end example | |
6011 | |
6012 The style variable @code{c-comment-prefix-regexp} is used to recognize | |
6013 the comment line prefix, e.g. the @samp{*} that usually starts every | |
6014 line inside a comment. | |
6015 | |
6016 @workswith The @code{c} syntactic symbol. | |
6017 @end defun | |
6018 | |
53118
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6019 @comment ------------------------------------------------------------ |
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6020 |
67253 | 6021 @defun c-lineup-comment |
6022 @findex lineup-comment (c-) | |
6023 Line up a comment-only line according to the style variable | |
6024 @code{c-comment-only-line-offset}. If the comment is lined up with a | |
6025 comment starter on the previous line, that alignment is preserved. | |
6026 | |
6027 @defopt c-comment-only-line-offset | |
6028 @vindex comment-only-line-offset (c-) | |
6029 This style variable specifies the extra offset for the line. It can | |
6030 contain an integer or a cons cell of the form | |
6031 | |
6032 @example | |
6033 (@r{@var{non-anchored-offset}} . @r{@var{anchored-offset}}) | |
6034 @end example | |
6035 | |
6036 @noindent | |
6037 where @var{non-anchored-offset} is the amount of offset given to | |
6038 non-column-zero anchored lines, and @var{anchored-offset} is the amount | |
6039 of offset to give column-zero anchored lines. Just an integer as value | |
6040 is equivalent to @code{(@r{@var{value}} . -1000)}. | |
6041 @end defopt | |
6042 | |
6043 @workswith @code{comment-intro}. | |
6044 @end defun | |
6045 | |
6046 @comment ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
6047 | |
6048 @defun c-lineup-knr-region-comment | |
6049 @findex lineup-knr-region-comment (c-) | |
6050 Line up a comment in the ``K&R region'' with the declaration. That is | |
6051 the region between the function or class header and the beginning of the | |
6052 block. E.g: | |
6053 | |
6054 @example | |
6055 @group | |
6056 int main() | |
6057 /* Called at startup. */ @hereFn{c-lineup-knr-region-comment} | |
6058 @{ | |
6059 return 0; | |
6060 @} | |
6061 @end group | |
6062 @end example | |
6063 | |
6064 Return @code{nil} if called in any other situation, to be useful in list | |
6065 expressions. | |
6066 | |
6067 @workswith @code{comment-intro}. | |
6068 @end defun | |
6069 | |
6070 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
6071 @node Misc Line-Up, , Comment Line-Up, Line-Up Functions | |
6072 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
6073 @subsection Miscellaneous Line-Up Functions | |
6074 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
6075 | |
6076 The line-up functions here are the odds and ends which didn't fit into | |
6077 any earlier category. | |
6078 | |
6079 @defun c-lineup-dont-change | |
6080 @findex lineup-dont-change (c-) | |
6081 This lineup function makes the line stay at whatever indentation it | |
6082 already has; think of it as an identity function for lineups. | |
6083 | |
6084 @workswith Any syntactic symbol. | |
6085 @end defun | |
6086 | |
6087 @comment ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
6088 | |
6089 @defun c-lineup-cpp-define | |
6090 @findex lineup-cpp-define (c-) | |
6091 Line up macro continuation lines according to the indentation of the | |
6092 construct preceding the macro. E.g: | |
6093 | |
6094 @example | |
6095 @group | |
6096 const char msg[] = @hereFn{@r{The beginning of the preceding construct.}} | |
6097 \"Some text.\"; | |
6098 | |
6099 #define X(A, B) \ | |
6100 do @{ \ @hereFn{c-lineup-cpp-define} | |
6101 printf (A, B); \ | |
6102 @} while (0) | |
6103 @end group | |
6104 @end example | |
6105 | |
6106 @noindent | |
6107 and: | |
6108 | |
6109 @example | |
6110 @group | |
6111 int dribble() @{ | |
6112 if (!running) @hereFn{@r{The beginning of the preceding construct.}} | |
6113 error(\"Not running!\"); | |
6114 | |
6115 #define X(A, B) \ | |
6116 do @{ \ @hereFn{c-lineup-cpp-define} | |
6117 printf (A, B); \ | |
6118 @} while (0) | |
6119 @end group | |
6120 @end example | |
6121 | |
6122 If @code{c-syntactic-indentation-in-macros} is non-@code{nil}, the | |
6123 function returns the relative indentation to the macro start line to | |
6124 allow accumulation with other offsets. E.g. in the following cases, | |
6125 @code{cpp-define-intro} is combined with the | |
6126 @code{statement-block-intro} that comes from the @samp{do @{} that hangs | |
6127 on the @samp{#define} line: | |
6128 | |
6129 @example | |
6130 @group | |
6131 const char msg[] = | |
6132 \"Some text.\"; | |
6133 | |
6134 #define X(A, B) do @{ \ | |
6135 printf (A, B); \ @hereFn{c-lineup-cpp-define} | |
6136 this->refs++; \ | |
6137 @} while (0) @hereFn{c-lineup-cpp-define} | |
6138 @end group | |
6139 @end example | |
6140 | |
6141 @noindent | |
6142 and: | |
6143 | |
6144 @example | |
6145 @group | |
6146 int dribble() @{ | |
6147 if (!running) | |
6148 error(\"Not running!\"); | |
6149 | |
6150 #define X(A, B) do @{ \ | |
6151 printf (A, B); \ @hereFn{c-lineup-cpp-define} | |
6152 this->refs++; \ | |
6153 @} while (0) @hereFn{c-lineup-cpp-define} | |
6154 @end group | |
6155 @end example | |
6156 | |
6157 The relative indentation returned by @code{c-lineup-cpp-define} is zero | |
6158 and two, respectively, on the two lines in each of these examples. They | |
6159 are then added to the two column indentation that | |
6160 @code{statement-block-intro} gives in both cases here. | |
6161 | |
6162 If the relative indentation is zero, then @code{nil} is returned | |
6163 instead. That is useful in a list expression to specify the default | |
6164 indentation on the top level. | |
6165 | |
6166 If @code{c-syntactic-indentation-in-macros} is @code{nil} then this | |
6167 function keeps the current indentation, except for empty lines (ignoring | |
6168 the ending backslash) where it takes the indentation from the closest | |
6169 preceding nonempty line in the macro. If there's no such line in the | |
6170 macro then the indentation is taken from the construct preceding it, as | |
6171 described above. | |
6172 | |
6173 @workswith @code{cpp-define-intro}. | |
6174 @end defun | |
6175 | |
6176 @comment ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
6177 | |
6178 @defun c-lineup-gcc-asm-reg | |
6179 @findex lineup-gcc-asm-reg (c-) | |
6180 Line up a gcc asm register under one on a previous line. | |
6181 | |
6182 @example | |
6183 @group | |
6184 asm ("foo %1, %0\n" | |
6185 "bar %0, %1" | |
6186 : "=r" (w), | |
6187 "=r" (x) | |
6188 : "0" (y), | |
6189 "1" (z)); | |
6190 @end group | |
6191 @end example | |
6192 | |
6193 The @samp{x} line is aligned to the text after the @samp{:} on the | |
6194 @samp{w} line, and similarly @samp{z} under @samp{y}. | |
6195 | |
6196 This is done only in an @samp{asm} or @samp{__asm__} block, and only to | |
6197 those lines mentioned. Anywhere else @code{nil} is returned. The usual | |
6198 arrangement is to have this routine as an extra feature at the start of | |
6199 arglist lineups, e.g. | |
6200 | |
6201 @example | |
6202 (c-lineup-gcc-asm-reg c-lineup-arglist) | |
6203 @end example | |
6204 | |
6205 @workswith @code{arglist-cont}, @code{arglist-cont-nonempty}. | |
53118
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6206 @end defun |
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6207 |
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6208 @comment ------------------------------------------------------------ |
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6209 |
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6210 @defun c-lineup-topmost-intro-cont |
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6211 @findex lineup-topmost-intro-cont (c-) |
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6212 Line up declaration continuation lines zero or one indentation |
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6213 step@footnote{This function is mainly provided to mimic the behavior of |
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6214 CC Mode 5.28 and earlier where this case wasn't handled consistently so |
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6215 that those lines could be analyzed as either topmost-intro-cont or |
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6216 statement-cont. It's used for @code{topmost-intro-cont} by default, but |
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|
6217 you might consider using @code{+} instead.}. For lines preceding a |
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6218 definition, zero is used. For other lines, @code{c-basic-offset} is |
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|
6219 added to the indentation. E.g: |
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6220 |
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|
6221 @example |
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6222 @group |
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6223 int |
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6224 neg (int i) @hereFn{c-lineup-topmost-intro-cont} |
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6225 @{ |
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|
6226 return -i; |
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6227 @} |
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6228 @end group |
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6229 @end example |
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|
6230 |
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6231 @noindent |
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|
6232 and |
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|
6233 |
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|
6234 @example |
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6235 @group |
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6236 struct |
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6237 larch @hereFn{c-lineup-topmost-intro-cont} |
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6238 @{ |
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|
6239 double height; |
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6240 @} |
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6241 the_larch, @hereFn{c-lineup-topmost-intro-cont} |
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6242 another_larch; @hereFn{c-lineup-topmost-intro-cont} |
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6243 @sssTBasicOffset{} |
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6244 @end group |
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6245 @end example |
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|
6246 |
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|
6247 @noindent |
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|
6248 and |
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|
6249 |
04d26b9d5b56
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|
6250 @example |
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6251 @group |
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|
6252 struct larch |
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6253 the_larch, @hereFn{c-lineup-topmost-intro-cont} |
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6254 another_larch; @hereFn{c-lineup-topmost-intro-cont} |
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6255 @end group |
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6256 @end example |
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|
6257 |
04d26b9d5b56
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|
6258 @workswith @code{topmost-intro-cont}. |
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6259 @end defun |
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6260 |
67253 | 6261 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
6262 @node Custom Line-Up, Other Indentation, Line-Up Functions, Customizing Indentation | |
6263 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
6264 @section Custom Line-Up Functions | |
6265 @cindex customization, indentation functions | |
6266 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
6267 | |
6268 The most flexible way to customize indentation is by writing custom | |
6269 line-up functions, and associating them with specific syntactic | |
6270 symbols (@pxref{c-offsets-alist}). Depending on the effect you want, | |
6271 it might be better to write a @code{c-special-indent-hook} function | |
6272 rather than a line-up function (@pxref{Other Indentation}). | |
6273 | |
6274 @ccmode{} comes with an extensive set of predefined line-up functions, | |
6275 not all of which are used by the default styles. So there's a good | |
6276 chance the function you want already exists. @xref{Line-Up | |
6277 Functions}, for a list of them. If you write your own line-up | |
6278 function, it's probably a good idea to start working from one of these | |
6279 predefined functions, which can be found in the file | |
6280 @file{cc-align.el}. If you have written a line-up function that you | |
6281 think is generally useful, you're very welcome to contribute it; | |
6282 please contact @email{bug-cc-mode@@gnu.org}. | |
6283 | |
6284 Line-up functions are passed a single argument, the syntactic | |
6285 element (see below). The return value is a @code{c-offsets-alist} | |
6286 offset specification: for example, an integer, a symbol such as | |
6287 @code{+}, a vector, @code{nil}@footnote{Returning @code{nil} is useful | |
6288 when the offset specification for a syntactic element is a list | |
6289 containing the line-up function (@pxref{c-offsets-alist}).}, or even | |
6290 another line-up function. Full details of these are in | |
6291 @ref{c-offsets-alist}. | |
6292 | |
6293 Line-up functions must not move point or change the content of the | |
6294 buffer (except temporarily). They are however allowed to do | |
6295 @dfn{hidden buffer changes}, i.e. setting text properties for caching | |
6296 purposes etc. Buffer undo recording is disabled while they run. | |
6297 | |
6298 The syntactic element passed as the parameter to a line-up function is | |
6299 a cons cell of the form | |
53118
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|
6300 |
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6301 @example |
67253 | 6302 (@r{@var{syntactic-symbol}} . @r{@var{anchor-position}}) |
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6303 @end example |
53118
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6304 |
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6305 @noindent |
67253 | 6306 @c FIXME!!! The following sentence might be better omitted, since the |
6307 @c information is in the cross reference "Syntactic Analysis". 2005/10/2. | |
6308 where @var{syntactic-symbol} is the symbol that the function was | |
6309 called for, and @var{anchor-position} is the anchor position (if any) | |
6310 for the construct that triggered the syntactic symbol | |
6311 (@pxref{Syntactic Analysis}). This cons cell is how the syntactic | |
6312 element of a line used to be represented in @ccmode{} 5.28 and | |
6313 earlier. Line-up functions are still passed this cons cell, so as to | |
6314 preserve compatibility with older configurations. In the future, we | |
6315 may decide to convert to using the full list format---you can prepare | |
6316 your setup for this by using the access functions | |
6317 (@code{c-langelem-sym}, etc.) described below. | |
6318 | |
6319 @vindex c-syntactic-element | |
6320 @vindex syntactic-element (c-) | |
6321 @vindex c-syntactic-context | |
6322 @vindex syntactic-context (c-) | |
6323 Some syntactic symbols, e.g. @code{arglist-cont-nonempty}, have more | |
6324 info in the syntactic element - typically other positions that can be | |
6325 interesting besides the anchor position. That info can't be accessed | |
6326 through the passed argument, which is a cons cell. Instead, you can | |
6327 get this information from the variable @code{c-syntactic-element}, | |
6328 which is dynamically bound to the complete syntactic element. The | |
6329 variable @code{c-syntactic-context} might also be useful - it gets | |
6330 dynamically bound to the complete syntactic context. @xref{Custom | |
6331 Braces}. | |
6332 | |
6333 @ccmode{} provides a few functions to access parts of syntactic | |
6334 elements in a more abstract way. Besides making the code easier to | |
6335 read, they also hide the difference between the old cons cell form | |
6336 used in the line-up function argument and the new list form used in | |
6337 @code{c-syntactic-element} and everywhere else. The functions are: | |
6338 | |
6339 @defun c-langelem-sym langelem | |
6340 @findex langelem-sym (c-) | |
6341 Return the syntactic symbol in @var{langelem}. | |
6342 @end defun | |
6343 | |
6344 @defun c-langelem-pos langelem | |
6345 @findex langelem-pos (c-) | |
6346 Return the anchor position in @var{langelem}, or nil if there is none. | |
6347 @end defun | |
6348 | |
6349 @defun c-langelem-col langelem &optional preserve-point | |
6350 @findex langelem-col (c-) | |
6351 Return the column of the anchor position in @var{langelem}. Also move | |
6352 the point to that position unless @var{preserve-point} is | |
6353 non-@code{nil}. | |
53118
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6354 @end defun |
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6355 |
67253 | 6356 @defun c-langelem-2nd-pos langelem |
6357 @findex langelem-2nd-pos (c-) | |
6358 Return the secondary position in @var{langelem}, or @code{nil} if there | |
6359 is none. | |
6360 | |
6361 Note that the return value of this function is always @code{nil} if | |
6362 @var{langelem} is in the old cons cell form. Thus this function is | |
6363 only meaningful when used on syntactic elements taken from | |
6364 @code{c-syntactic-element} or @code{c-syntactic-context}. | |
6365 @end defun | |
6366 | |
6367 Custom line-up functions can be as simple or as complex as you like, and | |
6368 any syntactic symbol that appears in @code{c-offsets-alist} can have a | |
6369 custom line-up function associated with it. | |
6370 | |
6371 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
6372 @node Other Indentation, , Custom Line-Up, Customizing Indentation | |
6373 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
6374 @section Other Special Indentations | |
6375 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
6376 | |
6377 Here are the remaining odds and ends regarding indentation: | |
6378 | |
6379 @defopt c-label-minimum-indentation | |
6380 @vindex label-minimum-indentation (c-) | |
6381 In @samp{gnu} style (@pxref{Built-in Styles}), a minimum indentation is | |
6382 imposed on lines inside code blocks. This minimum indentation is | |
6383 controlled by this style variable. The default value is 1. | |
6384 | |
6385 @findex c-gnu-impose-minimum | |
6386 @findex gnu-impose-minimum (c-) | |
6387 It's the function @code{c-gnu-impose-minimum} that enforces this minimum | |
6388 indentation. It must be present on @code{c-special-indent-hook} to | |
6389 work. | |
6390 @end defopt | |
6391 | |
6392 @defopt c-special-indent-hook | |
6393 @vindex special-indent-hook (c-) | |
6394 This style variable is a standard hook variable that is called after | |
6395 every line is indented by @ccmode{}. It is called only if | |
6396 @code{c-syntactic-indentation} is non-@code{nil} (which it is by | |
6397 default (@pxref{Indentation Engine Basics})). You can put a function | |
6398 on this hook to do any special indentation or ad hoc line adjustments | |
6399 your style dictates, such as adding extra indentation to constructors | |
6400 or destructor declarations in a class definition, etc. Sometimes it | |
6401 is better to write a custom Line-up Function instead (@pxref{Custom | |
6402 Line-Up}). | |
6403 | |
6404 When the indentation engine calls this hook, the variable | |
6405 @code{c-syntactic-context} is bound to the current syntactic context | |
6406 (i.e. what you would get by typing @kbd{C-c C-s} on the source line. | |
6407 @xref{Custom Braces}.). Note that you should not change point or mark | |
6408 inside a @code{c-special-indent-hook} function, i.e. you'll probably | |
6409 want to wrap your function in a @code{save-excursion}@footnote{The | |
6410 numerical value returned by @code{point} will change if you change the | |
6411 indentation of the line within a @code{save-excursion} form, but point | |
6412 itself will still be over the same piece of text.}. | |
6413 | |
6414 Setting @code{c-special-indent-hook} in style definitions is handled | |
6415 slightly differently from other variables---A style can only add | |
6416 functions to this hook, not remove them. @xref{Style Variables}. | |
6417 @end defopt | |
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6418 |
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6419 |
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6420 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
67253 | 6421 @node Custom Macros, Odds and Ends, Customizing Indentation, Top |
6422 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
6423 @chapter Customizing Macros | |
6424 @cindex macros | |
6425 @cindex preprocessor directives | |
6426 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
6427 | |
6428 Normally, the lines in a multi-line macro are indented relative to | |
6429 eachother as though they were code. You can suppress this behaviour | |
6430 by setting the following user option: | |
6431 | |
6432 @defopt c-syntactic-indentation-in-macros | |
6433 @vindex syntactic-indentation-in-macros (c-) | |
6434 Enable syntactic analysis inside macros, which is the default. If this | |
6435 is @code{nil}, all lines inside macro definitions are analyzed as | |
6436 @code{cpp-macro-cont}. | |
6437 @end defopt | |
6438 | |
6439 @ccmode{} provides some tools to help keep the line continuation | |
6440 backslashes in macros neat and tidy. Their precise action is | |
6441 customized with these variables: | |
6442 | |
6443 @defopt c-backslash-column | |
6444 @vindex backslash-column (c-) | |
6445 @defoptx c-backslash-max-column | |
6446 @vindex backslash-max-column (c-) | |
6447 These variables control the alignment columns for line continuation | |
6448 backslashes in multiline macros. They are used by the functions that | |
6449 automatically insert or align such backslashes, | |
6450 e.g. @code{c-backslash-region} and @code{c-context-line-break}. | |
6451 | |
6452 @code{c-backslash-column} specifies the minimum column for the | |
6453 backslashes. If any line in the macro goes past this column, then the | |
6454 next tab stop (i.e. next multiple of @code{tab-width}) in that line is | |
6455 used as the alignment column for all the backslashes, so that they | |
6456 remain in a single column. However, if any lines go past | |
6457 @code{c-backslash-max-column} then the backslashes in the rest of the | |
6458 macro will be kept at that column, so that the lines which are too | |
6459 long ``stick out'' instead. | |
6460 | |
6461 Don't ever set these variables to @code{nil}. If you want to disable | |
6462 the automatic alignment of backslashes, use | |
6463 @code{c-auto-align-backslashes}. | |
6464 @end defopt | |
6465 | |
6466 @defopt c-auto-align-backslashes | |
6467 @vindex auto-align-backslashes (c-) | |
6468 Align automatically inserted line continuation backslashes if | |
6469 non-@code{nil}. When line continuation backslashes are inserted | |
6470 automatically for line breaks in multiline macros, e.g. by | |
6471 @code{c-context-line-break}, they are aligned with the other | |
6472 backslashes in the same macro if this flag is set. | |
6473 | |
6474 If @code{c-auto-align-backslashes} is @code{nil}, automatically | |
6475 inserted backslashes are preceded by a single space, and backslashes | |
6476 get aligned only when you explicitly invoke the command | |
6477 @code{c-backslash-region} (@kbd{C-c C-\}). | |
6478 @end defopt | |
6479 | |
6480 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
6481 @node Odds and Ends, Sample .emacs File, Custom Macros, Top | |
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6482 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
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6483 @chapter Odds and Ends |
25829 | 6484 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
6485 | |
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|
6486 The stuff that didn't fit in anywhere else is documented here. |
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|
6487 |
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|
6488 @defopt c-require-final-newline |
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* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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|
6489 @vindex require-final-newline (c-) |
67253 | 6490 Controls whether a final newline is enforced when the file is saved. |
6491 The value is an association list that for each language mode specifies | |
6492 the value to give to @code{require-final-newline} (@pxref{Saving | |
6493 Buffers,,, @lispref{}, @lispreftitle{}}) at mode initialization. If a | |
6494 language isn't present on the association list, CC Mode won't touch | |
53118
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* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
6495 @code{require-final-newline} in buffers for that language. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6496 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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diff
changeset
|
6497 The default is to set @code{require-final-newline} to @code{t} in the |
67253 | 6498 languages that mandate that source files should end with newlines. |
6499 These are C, C++ and Objective-C. | |
53118
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* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
6500 @end defopt |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
6501 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
6502 @defopt c-echo-syntactic-information-p |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
6503 @vindex echo-syntactic-information-p (c-) |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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diff
changeset
|
6504 If non-@code{nil}, the syntactic analysis for the current line is shown |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6505 in the echo area when it's indented (unless |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6506 @code{c-syntactic-indentation} is @code{nil}). That's useful when |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6507 finding out which syntactic symbols to modify to get the indentation you |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6508 want. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6509 @end defopt |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6510 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6511 @defopt c-report-syntactic-errors |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6512 @vindex report-syntactic-errors (c-) |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6513 If non-@code{nil}, certain syntactic errors are reported with a ding and |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6514 a message, for example when an @code{else} is indented for which there |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6515 is no corresponding @code{if}. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6516 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6517 Note however that @ccmode{} doesn't make any special effort to check for |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6518 syntactic errors; that's the job of the compiler. The reason it can |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6519 report cases like the one above is that it can't find the correct |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6520 anchoring position to indent the line in that case. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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changeset
|
6521 @end defopt |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
6522 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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changeset
|
6523 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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changeset
|
6524 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
67253 | 6525 @node Sample .emacs File, Performance Issues, Odds and Ends, Top |
6526 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
6527 @appendix Sample .emacs File | |
6528 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
6529 | |
6530 @verbatim | |
6531 ;; Here's a sample .emacs file fragment that might help you along the | |
6532 ;; way. Just copy this region and paste it into your .emacs file. | |
6533 ;; You might want to change some of the actual values. | |
6534 | |
6535 ;; Make some non-standard key bindings. We can put these in | |
6536 ;; c-mode-base-map because c-mode-map, c++-mode-map, and so on, | |
6537 ;; inherit from it. | |
6538 (defun my-c-initialization-hook () | |
6539 (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-m" 'c-context-line-break) | |
6540 (define-key c-mode-base-map [?\C-\M-a] 'c-beginning-of-defun) | |
6541 (define-key c-mode-base-map [?\C-\M-e] 'c-end-of-defun) | |
6542 (add-hook 'c-initialization-hook 'my-c-initialization-hook) | |
6543 | |
6544 ;; offset customizations not in my-c-style | |
6545 ;; This will take precedence over any setting of the syntactic symbol | |
6546 ;; made by a style. | |
6547 (setq c-offsets-alist '((member-init-intro . ++))) | |
6548 | |
6549 ;; Create my personal style. | |
6550 (defconst my-c-style | |
6551 '((c-tab-always-indent . t) | |
6552 (c-comment-only-line-offset . 4) | |
6553 (c-hanging-braces-alist . ((substatement-open after) | |
6554 (brace-list-open))) | |
6555 (c-hanging-colons-alist . ((member-init-intro before) | |
6556 (inher-intro) | |
6557 (case-label after) | |
6558 (label after) | |
6559 (access-label after))) | |
6560 (c-cleanup-list . (scope-operator | |
6561 empty-defun-braces | |
6562 defun-close-semi)) | |
6563 (c-offsets-alist . ((arglist-close . c-lineup-arglist) | |
6564 (substatement-open . 0) | |
6565 (case-label . 4) | |
6566 (block-open . 0) | |
6567 (knr-argdecl-intro . -))) | |
6568 (c-echo-syntactic-information-p . t)) | |
6569 "My C Programming Style") | |
6570 (c-add-style "PERSONAL" my-c-style) | |
6571 | |
6572 ;; Customizations for all modes in CC Mode. | |
6573 (defun my-c-mode-common-hook () | |
6574 ;; set my personal style for the current buffer | |
6575 (c-set-style "PERSONAL") | |
6576 ;; other customizations | |
6577 (setq tab-width 8 | |
6578 ;; this will make sure spaces are used instead of tabs | |
6579 indent-tabs-mode nil) | |
6580 ;; we like auto-newline, but not hungry-delete | |
6581 (c-toggle-auto-newline 1)) | |
6582 (add-hook 'c-mode-common-hook 'my-c-mode-common-hook) | |
6583 @end verbatim | |
6584 | |
6585 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
6586 @node Performance Issues, Limitations and Known Bugs, Sample .emacs File, Top | |
53118
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* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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|
6587 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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|
6588 @chapter Performance Issues |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6589 @cindex performance |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6590 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6591 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6592 @comment FIXME: (ACM, 2003/5/24). Check whether AWK needs mentioning here. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6593 |
25829 | 6594 C and its derivative languages are highly complex creatures. Often, |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6595 ambiguous code situations arise that require @ccmode{} to scan large |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6596 portions of the buffer to determine syntactic context. Such |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6597 pathological code can cause @ccmode{} to perform fairly badly. This |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6598 section gives some insight in how @ccmode{} operates, how that interacts |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6599 with some coding styles, and what you can use to improve performance. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6600 |
67253 | 6601 The overall goal is that @ccmode{} shouldn't be overly slow (i.e. take |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6602 more than a fraction of a second) in any interactive operation. |
67253 | 6603 I.e. it's tuned to limit the maximum response time in single operations, |
6604 which is sometimes at the expense of batch-like operations like | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6605 reindenting whole blocks. If you find that @ccmode{} gradually gets |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6606 slower and slower in certain situations, perhaps as the file grows in |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6607 size or as the macro or comment you're editing gets bigger, then chances |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6608 are that something isn't working right. You should consider reporting |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6609 it, unless it's something that's mentioned in this section. |
25829 | 6610 |
6611 Because @ccmode{} has to scan the buffer backwards from the current | |
6612 insertion point, and because C's syntax is fairly difficult to parse in | |
6613 the backwards direction, @ccmode{} often tries to find the nearest | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6614 position higher up in the buffer from which to begin a forward scan |
67253 | 6615 (it's typically an opening or closing parenthesis of some kind). The |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6616 farther this position is from the current insertion point, the slower it |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6617 gets. |
25829 | 6618 |
6619 @findex beginning-of-defun | |
67253 | 6620 In earlier versions of @ccmode{}, we used to recommend putting the |
6621 opening brace of a top-level construct@footnote{E.g. a function in C, | |
6622 or outermost class definition in C++ or Java.} into the leftmost | |
6623 column. Earlier still, this used to be a rigid Emacs constraint, as | |
6624 embodied in the @code{beginning-of-defun} function. @ccmode now | |
6625 caches syntactic information much better, so that the delay caused by | |
6626 searching for such a brace when it's not in column 0 is minimal, | |
6627 except perhaps when you've just moved a long way inside the file. | |
6628 Don't forget to rebind @kbd{C-M-a} and @kbd{C-M-e} to the @ccmode{} | |
6629 functions @code{beginning-of-defun} and @code{end-of-defun} if you're | |
6630 going to be hanging your braces! @xref{Sample .emacs File}. | |
6631 | |
25829 | 6632 @findex defun-prompt-regexp |
6633 @vindex c-Java-defun-prompt-regexp | |
6634 @vindex Java-defun-prompt-regexp (c-) | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6635 A special note about @code{defun-prompt-regexp} in Java mode: The common |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6636 style is to hang the opening braces of functions and classes on the |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6637 right side of the line, and that doesn't work well with the Emacs |
67253 | 6638 approach. @ccmode{} comes with a constant |
25829 | 6639 @code{c-Java-defun-prompt-regexp} which tries to define a regular |
6640 expression usable for this style, but there are problems with it. In | |
6641 some cases it can cause @code{beginning-of-defun} to hang@footnote{This | |
6642 has been observed in Emacs 19.34 and XEmacs 19.15.}. For this reason, | |
6643 it is not used by default, but if you feel adventurous, you can set | |
6644 @code{defun-prompt-regexp} to it in your mode hook. In any event, | |
53118
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* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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diff
changeset
|
6645 setting and relying on @code{defun-prompt-regexp} will definitely slow |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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diff
changeset
|
6646 things down because (X)Emacs will be doing regular expression searches a |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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diff
changeset
|
6647 lot, so you'll probably be taking a hit either way! |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
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changeset
|
6648 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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diff
changeset
|
6649 @ccmode{} maintains a cache of the opening parentheses of the blocks |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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diff
changeset
|
6650 surrounding the point, and it adapts that cache as the point is moved |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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diff
changeset
|
6651 around. That means that in bad cases it can take noticeable time to |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6652 indent a line in a new surrounding, but after that it gets fast as long |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
6653 as the point isn't moved far off. The farther the point is moved, the |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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diff
changeset
|
6654 less useful is the cache. Since editing typically is done in ``chunks'' |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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diff
changeset
|
6655 rather than on single lines far apart from each other, the cache |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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52401
diff
changeset
|
6656 typically gives good performance even when the code doesn't fit the |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6657 Emacs approach to finding the defun starts. |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
6658 |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
6659 @vindex c-enable-xemacs-performance-kludge-p |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
6660 @vindex enable-xemacs-performance-kludge-p (c-) |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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changeset
|
6661 XEmacs users can set the variable |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
6662 @code{c-enable-xemacs-performance-kludge-p} to non-@code{nil}. This |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
6663 tells @ccmode{} to use XEmacs-specific built-in functions which, in some |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
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52401
diff
changeset
|
6664 circumstances, can locate the top-most opening brace much more quickly than |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
6665 @code{beginning-of-defun}. Preliminary testing has shown that for |
67253 | 6666 styles where these braces are hung (e.g. most JDK-derived Java styles), |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
6667 this hack can improve performance of the core syntax parsing routines |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
6668 from 3 to 60 times. However, for styles which @emph{do} conform to |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
6669 Emacs' recommended style of putting top-level braces in column zero, |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
6670 this hack can degrade performance by about as much. Thus this variable |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6671 is set to @code{nil} by default, since the Emacs-friendly styles should |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6672 be more common (and encouraged!). Note that this variable has no effect |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6673 in Emacs since the necessary built-in functions don't exist (in Emacs |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6674 21.3 as of this writing in May 2003). |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6675 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6676 Text properties are used to speed up skipping over syntactic whitespace, |
67253 | 6677 i.e. comments and preprocessor directives. Indenting a line after a |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6678 huge macro definition can be slow the first time, but after that the |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6679 text properties are in place and it should be fast (even after you've |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6680 edited other parts of the file and then moved back). |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6681 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6682 Font locking can be a CPU hog, especially the font locking done on |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6683 decoration level 3 which tries to be very accurate. Note that that |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6684 level is designed to be used with a font lock support mode that only |
67253 | 6685 fontifies the text that's actually shown, i.e. Lazy Lock or Just-in-time |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6686 Lock mode, so make sure you use one of them. Fontification of a whole |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6687 buffer with some thousand lines can often take over a minute. That is |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6688 a known weakness; the idea is that it never should happen. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6689 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6690 The most effective way to speed up font locking is to reduce the |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6691 decoration level to 2 by setting @code{font-lock-maximum-decoration} |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6692 appropriately. That level is designed to be as pretty as possible |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6693 without sacrificing performance. @xref{Font Locking Preliminaries}, for |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6694 more info. |
25829 | 6695 |
6696 | |
36923 | 6697 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
67253 | 6698 @node Limitations and Known Bugs, FAQ, Performance Issues, Top |
36923 | 6699 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6700 @chapter Limitations and Known Bugs |
36923 | 6701 @cindex limitations |
6702 @cindex bugs | |
6703 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
6704 | |
6705 @itemize @bullet | |
6706 @item | |
67253 | 6707 There is no way to apply auto newline settings (@pxref{Auto-newlines}) |
6708 on already typed lines. That's only a feature to ease interactive | |
6709 editing. | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6710 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6711 To generalize this issue a bit: @ccmode{} is not intended to be used as |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6712 a reformatter for old code in some more or less batch-like way. With |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6713 the exception of some functions like @code{c-indent-region}, it's only |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6714 geared to be used interactively to edit new code. There's currently no |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6715 intention to change this goal. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6716 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6717 If you want to reformat old code, you're probably better off using some |
67253 | 6718 other tool instead, e.g. @ref{Top, , GNU indent, indent, The `indent' |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6719 Manual}, which has more powerful reformatting capabilities than |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6720 @ccmode{}. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6721 |
36923 | 6722 @item |
67253 | 6723 The support for C++ templates (in angle brackets) is not yet complete. |
6724 When a non-nested template is used in a declaration, @ccmode{} indents | |
6725 it and font-locks it OK. Templates used in expressions, and nested | |
6726 templates do not fare so well. Sometimes a workaround is to refontify | |
6727 the expression after typing the closing @samp{>}. | |
36923 | 6728 @end itemize |
6729 | |
25829 | 6730 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
67253 | 6731 @node FAQ, Updating CC Mode, Limitations and Known Bugs, Top |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
6732 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
36923 | 6733 @appendix Frequently Asked Questions |
25829 | 6734 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
6735 | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6736 @itemize @bullet |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6737 @item |
67253 | 6738 @emph{How can I change the indent level from 4 spaces to 2 spaces?} |
6739 | |
6740 Set the variable @code{c-basic-offset}. @xref{Getting Started}. | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6741 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6742 @item |
25829 | 6743 @kindex RET |
6744 @kindex C-j | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6745 @emph{Why doesn't the @kbd{RET} key indent the new line?} |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6746 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6747 Emacs' convention is that @kbd{RET} just adds a newline, and that |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6748 @kbd{C-j} adds a newline and indents it. You can make @kbd{RET} do this |
67253 | 6749 too by adding this to your @code{c-initialization-hook}: |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6750 |
25829 | 6751 @example |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
6752 (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-m" 'c-context-line-break) |
25829 | 6753 @end example |
6754 | |
67253 | 6755 @xref{Getting Started}. This is a very common question. If you want |
6756 this to be the default behavior, don't lobby us, lobby RMS! @t{:-)} | |
6757 | |
6758 @item | |
6759 @emph{How do I stop my code jumping all over the place when I type?} | |
6760 | |
6761 Deactivate ``electric minor mode'' with @kbd{C-c C-l}. @xref{Getting | |
6762 Started}. | |
6763 | |
6764 @item | |
6765 @kindex C-x h | |
6766 @kindex C-M-\ | |
6767 @emph{How do I reindent the whole file?} | |
6768 | |
6769 Visit the file and hit @kbd{C-x h} to mark the whole buffer. Then hit | |
6770 @kbd{C-M-\}. @xref{Indentation Commands}. | |
6771 | |
6772 @item | |
6773 @kindex C-M-q | |
6774 @kindex C-M-u | |
6775 @emph{How do I reindent the current block?} | |
6776 | |
6777 First move to the brace which opens the block with @kbd{C-M-u}, then | |
6778 reindent that expression with @kbd{C-M-q}. @xref{Indentation | |
6779 Commands}. | |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
6780 |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6781 @item |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6782 @emph{I put @code{(c-set-offset 'substatement-open 0)} in my |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6783 @file{.emacs} file but I get an error saying that @code{c-set-offset}'s |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6784 function definition is void. What's wrong?} |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6785 |
67253 | 6786 This means that @ccmode{} hasn't yet been loaded into your Emacs |
6787 session by the time the @code{c-set-offset} call is reached, most | |
6788 likely because @ccmode{} is being autoloaded. Instead of putting the | |
6789 @code{c-set-offset} line in your top-level @file{.emacs} file, put it | |
6790 in your @code{c-initialization-hook} (@pxref{CC Hooks}), or simply | |
6791 modify @code{c-offsets-alist} directly: | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6792 |
25829 | 6793 @example |
30396
460a86ced57c
@setfilename to ../info/ccmode.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
30044
diff
changeset
|
6794 (setq c-offsets-alist '((substatement-open . 0))) |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
6795 @end example |
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
6796 |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6797 @item |
56646
b7446b6f097d
Updated CC Mode to 5.30.9.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
55832
diff
changeset
|
6798 @cindex open paren in column zero |
b7446b6f097d
Updated CC Mode to 5.30.9.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
55832
diff
changeset
|
6799 @emph{I have an open paren character at column zero inside a comment or |
b7446b6f097d
Updated CC Mode to 5.30.9.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
55832
diff
changeset
|
6800 multiline string literal, and it causes the fontification and/or |
b7446b6f097d
Updated CC Mode to 5.30.9.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
55832
diff
changeset
|
6801 indentation to go haywire. What gives?} |
b7446b6f097d
Updated CC Mode to 5.30.9.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
55832
diff
changeset
|
6802 |
b7446b6f097d
Updated CC Mode to 5.30.9.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
55832
diff
changeset
|
6803 It's due to the ad-hoc rule in (X)Emacs that such open parens always |
b7446b6f097d
Updated CC Mode to 5.30.9.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
55832
diff
changeset
|
6804 start defuns (which translates to functions, classes, namespaces or any |
b7446b6f097d
Updated CC Mode to 5.30.9.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
55832
diff
changeset
|
6805 other top-level block constructs in the @ccmode{} languages). |
67253 | 6806 @ifset XEMACS |
6807 @xref{Defuns,,, xemacs, XEmacs User's Manual}, for details. | |
6808 @end ifset | |
6809 @ifclear XEMACS | |
6810 @xref{Left Margin Paren,,, emacs, GNU Emacs Manual}, for details | |
6811 (@xref{Defuns,,, emacs, GNU Emacs Manual}, in the Emacs 20 manual). | |
6812 @end ifclear | |
56646
b7446b6f097d
Updated CC Mode to 5.30.9.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
55832
diff
changeset
|
6813 |
b7446b6f097d
Updated CC Mode to 5.30.9.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
55832
diff
changeset
|
6814 This heuristic is built into the core syntax analysis routines in |
67253 | 6815 (X)Emacs, so it's not really a @ccmode{} issue. However, in Emacs |
6816 21.1 it became possible to turn it off@footnote{Using the variable | |
56646
b7446b6f097d
Updated CC Mode to 5.30.9.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
55832
diff
changeset
|
6817 @code{open-paren-in-column-0-is-defun-start}.} and @ccmode{} does so |
67253 | 6818 there since it's got its own system to keep track of blocks. |
56646
b7446b6f097d
Updated CC Mode to 5.30.9.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
55832
diff
changeset
|
6819 |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6820 @end itemize |
25829 | 6821 |
6822 | |
6823 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
67253 | 6824 @node Updating CC Mode, Mailing Lists and Bug Reports, FAQ, Top |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
6825 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
36923 | 6826 @appendix Getting the Latest CC Mode Release |
25829 | 6827 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
6828 | |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6829 @ccmode{} has been standard with all versions of Emacs since 19.34 and |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6830 of XEmacs since 19.16. |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6831 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6832 @cindex web site |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
6833 Due to release schedule skew, it is likely that all of these Emacsen |
49600
23a1cea22d13
Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents:
47737
diff
changeset
|
6834 have old versions of @ccmode{} and so should be upgraded. Access to the |
26819
a19be798eaea
Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26490
diff
changeset
|
6835 @ccmode{} source code, as well as more detailed information on Emacsen |
53118
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6836 compatibility, etc. are all available on the web site: |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6837 |
04d26b9d5b56
* cc-mode.texi: Updated for CC Mode 5.30.
Martin Stjernholm <mast@lysator.liu.se>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
6838 @quotation |
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6839 @uref{http://cc-mode.sourceforge.net/} |
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6840 @end quotation |
25829 | 6841 |
6842 | |
36923 | 6843 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
67253 | 6844 @node Mailing Lists and Bug Reports, Command and Function Index, Updating CC Mode, Top |
36923 | 6845 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
6846 @appendix Mailing Lists and Submitting Bug Reports | |
6847 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | |
6848 | |
6849 @kindex C-c C-b | |
6850 @findex c-submit-bug-report | |
6851 @findex submit-bug-report (c-) | |
53118
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6852 To report bugs, use the @kbd{C-c C-b} (bound to |
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6853 @code{c-submit-bug-report}) command. This provides vital information |
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6854 we need to reproduce your problem. Make sure you include a concise, |
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6855 but complete code example. Please try to boil your example down to |
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6856 just the essential code needed to reproduce the problem, and include |
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6857 an exact recipe of steps needed to expose the bug. Be especially sure |
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6858 to include any code that appears @emph{before} your bug example, if |
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6859 you think it might affect our ability to reproduce it. |
36923 | 6860 |
6861 Please try to produce the problem in an Emacs instance without any | |
67253 | 6862 customizations loaded (i.e. start it with the @samp{-q -no-site-file} |
6863 arguments). If it works correctly there, the problem might be caused | |
6864 by faulty customizations in either your own or your site | |
6865 configuration. In that case, we'd appreciate if you isolate the Emacs | |
6866 Lisp code that triggers the bug and include it in your report. | |
36923 | 6867 |
6868 @cindex bug report mailing list | |
67253 | 6869 Bug reports should be sent to @email{bug-cc-mode@@gnu.org}. You can |
6870 also send other questions and suggestions (kudos? @t{;-)} to that | |
6871 address. It's a mailing list which you can join or browse an archive | |
6872 of; see the web site at @uref{http://cc-mode.sourceforge.net/} for | |
6873 further details. | |
36923 | 6874 |
6875 @cindex announcement mailing list | |
6876 If you want to get announcements of new @ccmode{} releases, send the | |
6877 word @emph{subscribe} in the body of a message to | |
53118
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6878 @email{cc-mode-announce-request@@lists.sourceforge.net}. It's possible |
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6879 to subscribe from the web site too. Announcements will also be posted |
67253 | 6880 to the Usenet newsgroups @code{gnu.emacs.sources}, @code{comp.emacs}, |
6881 @code{comp.emacs.xemacs}, @code{comp.lang.c}, @code{comp.lang.c++}, | |
6882 @code{comp.lang.objective-c}, @code{comp.lang.java.softwaretools}, | |
6883 @code{comp.lang.idl}, and @code{comp.lang.awk}. | |
6884 @c There is no newsgroup for Pike. :-( | |
6885 | |
6886 @c Removed the tentative node "Mode Initialization" from here, 2005/8/27. | |
25829 | 6887 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
67253 | 6888 @node Command and Function Index, Variable Index, Mailing Lists and Bug Reports, Top |
53118
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6889 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
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6890 @unnumbered Command and Function Index |
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6891 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
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6892 |
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6893 Since most @ccmode{} commands are prepended with the string |
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6894 @samp{c-}, each appears under its @code{c-@var{thing}} name and its |
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6895 @code{@var{thing} (c-)} name. |
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6896 @iftex |
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6897 @sp 2 |
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6898 @end iftex |
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6899 @printindex fn |
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6900 |
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6901 |
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6902 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
67253 | 6903 @node Variable Index, Concept and Key Index, Command and Function Index, Top |
53118
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6904 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
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6905 @unnumbered Variable Index |
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6906 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
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6907 |
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6908 Since most @ccmode{} variables are prepended with the string |
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6909 @samp{c-}, each appears under its @code{c-@var{thing}} name and its |
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6910 @code{@var{thing} (c-)} name. |
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6911 @iftex |
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6912 @sp 2 |
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6913 @end iftex |
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6914 @printindex vr |
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6915 |
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6916 |
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6917 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
67253 | 6918 @node Concept and Key Index, , Variable Index, Top |
26819
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Installed cc-mode version 5.26.
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6919 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
67253 | 6920 @unnumbered Concept and Key Index |
26819
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6921 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
25829 | 6922 |
6923 @printindex cp | |
6924 | |
6925 | |
26819
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6926 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
53118
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6927 @comment Epilogue. |
26819
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6928 @comment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
36923 | 6929 |
6930 @iftex | |
25829 | 6931 @page |
6932 @summarycontents | |
6933 @contents | |
36923 | 6934 @end iftex |
6935 | |
25829 | 6936 @bye |
52401 | 6937 |
6938 @ignore | |
6939 arch-tag: c4cab162-5e57-4366-bdce-4a9db2fc97f0 | |
6940 @end ignore |