Mercurial > emacs
annotate etc/FAQ @ 2921:37503f466755
Some time-handling patches from Paul Eggert:
* editfns.c (Fcurrent_time_zone): Take an optional argument specifying
what (absolute) time should be used to determine the current time zone.
Yield just offset and name of time zone, including DST correction.
Yield time zone offset in seconds, not minutes.
(lisp_time_argument, difftm): New functions.
(Fcurrent_time_string): Use lisp_time_argument.
* systime.h (EMACS_CURRENT_TIME_ZONE, EMACS_GET_TZ_OFFSET,
EMACS_GET_TZ_NAMES): Remove.
* config.h.in: Add HAVE_TM_ZONE.
| author | Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com> |
|---|---|
| date | Thu, 20 May 1993 06:29:45 +0000 (1993-05-20) |
| parents | 8ea617fb9603 |
| children | 507f64624555 |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 1736 | 1 GNU Emacs FAQ: Introduction |
| 2 | |
| 3 [To find what has changed, see the "Changes" posting.] | |
| 4 | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
5 [The FAQ post date slipped big-time this time. Now that school is over |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
6 with and I can get on with the rest of my life, posting should become a |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
7 lot more regular. - sbyrnes] |
| 597 | 8 |
| 9 This is the introduction to a list of frequently asked questions (FAQ) about | |
| 10 GNU Emacs with answers. This article contains a listing of the questions; | |
| 11 subsequent articles contain the questions and answers. | |
| 134 | 12 |
| 1736 | 13 The FAQ list is posted to reduce the noise level in the `gnu.emacs.help' |
| 14 newsgroup (which is also the `help-gnu-emacs' mailing list) which results from | |
| 15 the repetition of frequently asked questions, wrong answers to these questions, | |
| 597 | 16 corrections to the wrong answers, corrections to the corrections, debate, name |
| 17 calling, etc. Also, it serves as a repository of the canonical "best" answers | |
| 18 to these questions. However, if you know a better answer or even a slight | |
| 1736 | 19 change that improves an answer, please tell us! |
| 134 | 20 |
| 1736 | 21 If you know the answer of a question is in the FAQ list, please reply to the |
| 597 | 22 question by e-mail instead of posting. Help reduce noise! |
| 134 | 23 |
| 1736 | 24 The FAQ list is crossposted to `comp.emacs' because some sites do not receive |
| 25 the `gnu.*' newsgroups. The FAQ list is also crossposted to `news.answers'. | |
| 597 | 26 |
| 27 Please suggest new questions, answers, wording changes, deletions, etc. The | |
| 28 most helpful form for suggestions is a context diff (ie., the output of `diff | |
| 1736 | 29 -c'). Include `FAQ' in the subject of messages sent to us about the FAQ list. |
| 597 | 30 |
| 1736 | 31 Please do not send questions to us just because you do not want to disturb a |
| 32 lot of people and you think we would know the answer. We do not have time to | |
| 597 | 33 answer questions individually. :-( |
| 134 | 34 |
| 1736 | 35 Full instructions for getting the latest FAQ are in question 22. Also see the |
| 597 | 36 `Introduction to news.answers' posting in the `news.answers' newsgroup, or send |
| 1736 | 37 e-mail to `mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu' with `help' on a body line, or use FTP, |
| 38 WAIS, or Prospero to rtfm.mit.edu. | |
| 134 | 39 |
| 1736 | 40 These ideas have already been suggested, but we have not had time to |
| 41 implement them: | |
| 597 | 42 |
| 43 * A Texinfo version. | |
| 1736 | 44 * Marking questions in the table of contents that have been changed |
| 45 recently. | |
| 134 | 46 |
| 47 -- | |
| 1736 | 48 Steven Byrnes <sbyrnes@rice.edu> (and Joe Wells <jbw@cs.bu.edu>) |
| 597 | 49 |
| 1736 | 50 E-mail lpf@uunet.uu.net for details about the League for Programming Freedom. |
| 51 | |
| 597 | 52 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 53 | |
| 1736 | 54 GNU Emacs FAQ: Table of Contents |
| 55 | |
| 56 Notation Used in FAQ | |
| 57 | |
| 58 1: What do these mean: C-h, M-C-a, RET, "ESC a", etc.? | |
| 59 2: What does "M-x command" mean? | |
| 60 3: How do I read topic XXX in the on-line manual? | |
| 61 4: What do these mean: etc/SERVICE, src/config.h, lisp/default.el? | |
| 62 5: What are FSF, LPF, OSF, GNU, RMS, FTP, and GPL? | |
| 63 | |
| 64 General Questions | |
| 65 | |
| 66 6: What is the LPF and why should I join it? | |
| 67 7: What is the real legal meaning of the GNU copyleft? | |
| 68 8: What are appropriate messages for gnu.emacs.help, gnu.emacs.bug, | |
| 69 comp.emacs, etc.? | |
| 70 9: Where can I get old postings to gnu.emacs.help and other GNU groups? | |
| 71 10: Where should I report bugs and other problems with GNU Emacs? | |
| 72 11: How do I unsubscribe to this mailing list? | |
| 73 12: What is the current address of the FSF? | |
| 597 | 74 |
| 1736 | 75 On-line Help, Printed Manuals, Other Sources of Help |
| 76 | |
| 77 13: I'm just starting GNU Emacs; how do I do basic editing? | |
| 78 14: How do I find out how to do something in GNU Emacs? | |
| 79 15: How do I get a printed copy of the GNU Emacs manual? | |
| 80 16: Where can I get documentation on GNU Emacs Lisp? | |
| 81 17: How do I install a piece of Texinfo documentation? | |
| 82 18: How do I print a Texinfo file? | |
| 83 19: Can I view Info files without using GNU Emacs? | |
| 84 20: What informational files are available for GNU Emacs? | |
| 85 21: Where can I get help in installing GNU Emacs? | |
| 86 22: Where can I get the latest version of this document (the FAQ list)? | |
| 87 | |
| 88 Status of Emacs | |
| 89 | |
| 90 23: Where does the name "Emacs" come from? | |
| 91 24: What is the latest version of GNU Emacs? | |
| 92 25: When will GNU Emacs 19 be available? | |
| 93 26: What is different about GNU Emacs 19? | |
| 94 27: What variants of GNU Emacs exist? | |
| 597 | 95 |
| 1736 | 96 Common Things People Want To Do |
| 97 | |
| 98 28: How do I set up a .emacs file properly? | |
| 99 29: How do I debug a .emacs file? | |
| 100 30: How do I make Emacs display the current line (or column) number? | |
| 101 31: How do I turn on Abbrevs by default just in mode XXX? | |
| 102 32: How do I turn on Auto-Fill mode by default? | |
| 103 33: How do I make Emacs use a certain major mode for certain files? | |
| 104 34: How do I search for, delete, or replace unprintable (8-bit or control) | |
| 105 characters? | |
| 106 35: How can I highlight a region of text in Emacs? | |
| 107 36: How do I control Emacs's case-sensitivity when searching/replacing? | |
| 108 37: How do I make Emacs wrap words for me? | |
| 109 38: Where can I get a better spelling checker for Emacs? | |
| 110 39: How can I spell-check TeX or *roff documents? | |
| 111 40: How do I change load-path? | |
| 112 41: How do I use an already running Emacs from another window? | |
| 113 42: How do I make Emacs recognize my compiler's funny error messages? | |
| 114 43: How do I indent switch statements like this? | |
| 115 44: How can I make Emacs automatically scroll horizontally? | |
| 116 45: How do I make Emacs "typeover" or "overwrite" instead of inserting? | |
| 117 46: How do I stop Emacs from beeping on a terminal? | |
| 118 47: How do I turn down the bell volume in Emacs running under X Windows? | |
| 119 48: How do I tell Emacs to automatically indent a new line to the | |
| 120 indentation of the previous line? | |
| 121 49: How do I show which parenthesis matches the one I'm looking at? | |
| 122 50: In C mode, can I show just the lines that will be left after #ifdef | |
| 123 commands are handled by the compiler? | |
| 124 51: Is there an equivalent to the `.' (dot) command of vi? | |
| 125 52: What are the valid X resource settings (ie., stuff in .Xdefaults)? | |
| 126 53: How do I execute a piece of Emacs Lisp code? | |
| 127 54: How do I change Emacs's idea of the tab character's length? | |
| 128 55: How do I insert `>' at the beginning of every line? | |
| 129 56: How do I insert `_^H' before each character in a paragraph to get an | |
| 130 underlined paragraph? | |
| 131 57: How do I repeat a command as many times as possible? | |
| 132 58: How do I make Emacs behave like this: when I go up or down, the cursor | |
| 133 should stay in the same column even if the line is too short? | |
| 134 59: How do I tell Emacs to iconify itself? | |
| 135 60: How do I use regexps (regular expressions) in Emacs? | |
| 136 61: How do I perform a replace operation across more than one file? | |
| 137 62: Where is the documentation for `etags'? | |
| 138 | |
| 139 Bugs/Problems | |
| 597 | 140 |
| 1736 | 141 63: Does Emacs have problems with files larger than 8 megabytes? |
| 142 64: Why can't Emacs find files in current directory on startup? | |
| 143 65: How do I get rid of the ^M junk in my Shell buffer? | |
| 144 66: Why do I get `Process shell exited abnormally with code 1'? | |
| 145 67: Why can't I cut from Emacs and paste in other X programs? | |
| 146 68: Where is the termcap/terminfo entry for terminal type `emacs'? | |
| 147 69: Why does Emacs spontaneously start displaying `I-search:' and beeping? | |
| 148 70: Why can't Emacs talk to certain hosts (or certain hostnames)? | |
| 149 71: Why does Emacs say `Error in init file'? | |
| 150 72: Why does Emacs ignore my X resources (my .Xdefaults file)? | |
| 151 73: Why does Emacs take 20 seconds to visit a file? | |
| 152 74: How do I edit a file with a `$' in its name? | |
| 153 75: Why does Shell mode lose track of the shell's current directory? | |
| 154 76: Why doesn't my change to load-path work? | |
| 155 77: Why does the cursor always go to the wrong column when I move up or | |
| 156 down one line? | |
| 157 78: Why does Emacs hang with message `Unknown XMenu error' with X11R4? | |
| 158 79: Why doesn't display-time show the load average in the mode line | |
| 159 anymore? | |
| 160 80: Why does ispell sometimes ignore the local dictionary? | |
| 161 81: Why does Ispell treat each line as a single word? | |
| 162 82: Are there any security risks in GNU Emacs? | |
| 163 | |
| 164 Difficulties Building/Installing/Porting Emacs | |
| 165 | |
| 166 83: What should I do if I have trouble building Emacs? | |
| 167 84: How do I stop Emacs from failing when the executable is stripped? | |
| 168 85: Why does linking Emacs with -lX11 fail? | |
| 169 86: Why does Emacs 18.55 say `Fatal error (6).Abort' under SunOS 4.1? | |
| 170 | |
| 171 Finding/Getting Emacs and Related Packages | |
| 597 | 172 |
| 1736 | 173 87: Where can I get GNU Emacs on the net (or by snail mail)? |
| 174 88: How do I find a GNU Emacs Lisp package that does XXX? | |
| 175 89: Where can I get GNU Emacs Lisp packages that don't come with Emacs? | |
| 176 90: How do I submit code to the Emacs Lisp Archive? | |
| 177 91: Where can I get other up-to-date GNU stuff? | |
| 178 92: Where can I get an Emacs with better mouse and X window support? | |
| 179 93: What is the difference between GNU Emacs and Epoch? | |
| 180 94: What is the difference between GNU Emacs and Lucid GNU Emacs? | |
| 181 95: Where can I get the "unofficial HP GNU Emacs"? | |
| 182 96: Where can I get Emacs for my PC running MS-DOS? | |
| 183 97: Where can I get Emacs for my PC running Windows? | |
| 184 98: Where can I get Emacs for my PC running OS/2? | |
| 185 99: Where can I get Emacs for my Atari ST? | |
| 186 100: Where can I get Emacs for my Amiga? | |
| 187 101: Where can I get Emacs for my Apple computer? | |
| 188 102: Where can I get Emacs with NeWS support? | |
| 189 103: Where do I get Emacs that runs on VMS under DECwindows? | |
| 190 104: Where can I get modes for Lex, Yacc/Bison, Bourne Shell, Csh, C++, | |
| 191 Objective C, Pascal, Awk? | |
| 192 105: What is the IP address of XXX.YYY.ZZZ? | |
| 193 | |
| 194 Major Emacs Lisp Packages, Emacs Extensions, and Related Programs | |
| 597 | 195 |
| 1736 | 196 106: VM (View Mail) -- another mail reader within Emacs |
| 197 107: Supercite -- mail and news citation package within Emacs | |
| 198 108: GNUS -- news reader within Emacs | |
| 199 109: Calc -- poor man's Mathematica within Emacs | |
| 200 110: Calendar/Diary -- calendar manager within Emacs | |
| 201 111: Ange-FTP -- transparent FTP access for Emacs's file access routines | |
| 202 112: VIP -- vi emulation for Emacs | |
| 203 113: Dired -- better directory editor for Emacs | |
| 204 114: AUC TeX -- enhanced LaTeX mode with debugging facilities | |
| 205 115: Hyperbole -- extensible hypertext management system within Emacs | |
| 206 116: Byte Compiler -- enhanced version of Emacs's byte compiler | |
| 207 117: comint -- hugely enhanced shell mode and other derived modes | |
| 208 118: BBDB -- personal info rolodex integrated with mail/news readers | |
| 209 119: Ispell -- spell checker in C with interface for Emacs | |
| 210 120: Epoch -- enhanced GNU Emacs with better X interface | |
| 211 121: Lucid GNU Emacs -- alternative Emacs 19 with better X interface | |
| 212 122: Demacs -- GNU Emacs altered to run on MS-DOS on 386/486 machines | |
| 213 123: Freemacs -- a small Emacs for MS-DOS | |
| 214 124: Patch -- program to apply "diffs" for updating files | |
| 134 | 215 |
| 1736 | 216 Changing Key Bindings and Handling Key Binding Problems |
| 217 | |
| 218 125: How do I bind keys (including function keys) to commands? | |
| 219 126: Why does Emacs say `Key sequence XXX uses invalid prefix characters'? | |
| 220 127: Why doesn't this [terminal or window-system setup] code work in my | |
| 597 | 221 .emacs file, but it works just fine after Emacs starts up? |
| 1736 | 222 128: How do I use function keys under X Windows? |
| 223 129: How do I tell what characters my function or arrow keys emit? | |
| 224 130: How do I set the X key "translations" for Emacs? | |
| 225 131: How do I handle C-s and C-q being used for flow control? | |
| 226 132: How do I use commands bound to C-s and C-q (or any key) if these keys | |
| 597 | 227 are filtered out? |
| 1736 | 228 133: Why does the `BackSpace' key invoke help? |
| 229 134: Why doesn't Emacs look at the stty settings for Backspace vs. Delete? | |
| 230 135: Why don't the arrow keys work? | |
| 231 136: How do I "swap" two keys? | |
| 232 137: How do I produce C-XXX with my keyboard? | |
| 233 138: What if I don't have a Meta key? | |
| 234 139: What if I don't have an Escape key? | |
| 235 140: How do I type DEL on PC terminal emulators? | |
| 236 141: Can I make my `Compose Character' key behave like a Meta key? | |
| 237 142: How do I bind a combination of modifier key and function key? | |
| 238 143: Why doesn't my Meta key work in an xterm window? | |
| 239 144: Why doesn't my ExtendChar key work as a Meta key under HP-UX 8.0? | |
| 240 145: Where can I get key bindings to make Emacs emulate WordStar? | |
| 241 146: Where can I get an XEDIT emulator for Emacs? | |
| 597 | 242 |
| 1736 | 243 Using Emacs with Alternate Character Sets |
| 597 | 244 |
| 1736 | 245 147: How do I make Emacs display 8-bit characters? |
| 246 148: How do I input 8-bit characters? | |
| 247 149: Where can I get an Emacs that can handle kanji characters? | |
| 248 150: Where can I get an Emacs that can handle Chinese? | |
| 249 151: Where is an Emacs that can handle Semitic (right-to-left) alphabets? | |
| 597 | 250 |
| 1736 | 251 Mail and News |
| 597 | 252 |
| 1736 | 253 152: How do I change the included text prefix in mail/news followups? |
| 254 153: How do I save a copy of outgoing mail? | |
| 255 154: Why doesn't Emacs expand my aliases when sending mail? | |
| 256 155: Why does RMAIL think all my saved messages are one big message? | |
| 257 156: How can I sort the messages in my RMAIL folder? | |
| 258 157: Why does RMAIL need to write to /usr/spool/mail? | |
| 259 158: How do I recover my mail files after RMAIL munges their format? | |
| 260 159: How do I make Emacs automatically start my mail/news reader? | |
| 261 160: How do I read news under Emacs? | |
| 262 161: Why does `rnews' say "No News is good news" when there is news? | |
| 263 162: Why doesn't GNUS work anymore via NNTP? | |
| 264 163: How do I view text with embedded underlining (eg., ClariNews)? | |
| 265 164: When I try to post a long article in GNUS (about 10K or longer), I get | |
| 266 the error, "Writing to process: no more processes, nntpd" | |
| 267 165: How do I save all the items of a multi-part posting in GNUS? | |
| 268 166: Why does GNUS put the subjects in replies beyond the 80th column? | |
| 269 167: Why is GNUS so slow to start up? | |
| 270 168: How do I catch up all newsgroups in GNUS? | |
| 271 169: Why can't I kill in GNUS on the Newsgroups/Keywords/Control line? | |
| 272 170: How do I get rid of flashing messages in GNUS for slow connections? | |
| 273 171: Why is catch up slow in Gnews/GNUS? | |
| 274 172: Why does GNUS hang for a long time when posting? | |
| 275 173: Why don't my news postings in GNUS get past the local machine? | |
| 276 174: Why is the GNUS-generated `Date:' header invalid? | |
| 277 175: Why doesn't GNUS generate the `Lines:' header? | |
| 278 176: Why do I get "Cannot open load file" "nntp" when compiling GNUS? | |
| 279 177: How do I kill all articles in GNUS but those matching a pattern? | |
| 597 | 280 |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
281 |
| 1736 | 282 GNU Emacs FAQ: Notation/General/Help/Status |
| 283 | |
| 284 If you are viewing this text in a GNU Emacs Buffer, you can type "M-2 C-x $" to | |
| 285 get an overview of just the questions. Then, when you want to look at the text | |
| 286 of the answers, just type "C-x $". | |
| 287 | |
| 288 To search for a question numbered XXX, type "M-C-s ^XXX:", followed by a C-r if | |
| 289 that doesn't work, then type ESC to end the search. | |
| 290 | |
| 291 A `+' in the 78th column means something was inserted on the line. A `-' means | |
| 292 something was deleted and a `!' means some combination of insertions and | |
| 293 deletions occurred. | |
| 294 | |
| 295 Full instructions for getting the latest FAQ are in question 22. Also see the | |
| 296 `Introduction to news.answers' posting in the `news.answers' newsgroup, or send | |
| 297 e-mail to `mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu' with `help' on a body line, or use FTP, | |
| 298 WAIS, or Prospero to rtfm.mit.edu. | |
| 134 | 299 |
| 300 | |
| 301 | |
| 1736 | 302 Notation Used in FAQ |
| 134 | 303 |
| 1736 | 304 Skip this section and then come back if you don't understand some of the |
| 305 later answers. | |
| 306 | |
| 307 1: What do these mean: C-h, M-C-a, RET, "ESC a", etc.? | |
| 308 | |
| 309 C-x means press the `x' key while holding down the Control key. M-x means | |
| 310 press the `x' key while holding down the Meta key. M-C-x means press the | |
| 311 `x' key while holding down both the Control key and the Meta key. C-M-a | |
| 312 is a synonym for M-C-a. RET, LFD, DEL, ESC, and TAB respectively refer to | |
| 313 pressing the Return, Linefeed (aka Newline), Delete, Escape, and Tab keys | |
| 314 and are equivalent to C-m, C-j, C-?, C-[, and C-i. SPC means press the | |
| 315 Space bar. | |
| 316 | |
| 317 I put any key sequence that is longer than one key (and some single-key | |
| 318 sequences) inside double quotes or on a line by itself. Any real spaces | |
| 319 in such a key sequence should be ignored; only SPC really means press the | |
| 320 space key. | |
| 321 | |
| 322 The ASCII code sent by C-x (except for C-?) is the value that would be | |
| 323 sent by pressing just `x' minus 96 (or 64 for uppercase `X') and will be | |
| 324 from 0 to 31. The ASCII code sent by M-x is the sum of 128 and the ASCII | |
| 325 code that would be sent by pressing just the `x' key. Essentially, the | |
| 326 Control key turns off bits 5 and 6 and the Meta key turns on bit 7. | |
| 327 | |
| 328 For further information, see `Characters' and `Keys' in the online manual. | |
| 329 | |
| 330 NOTE: C-? (aka DEL) is ASCII code 127. It is a misnomer to call C-? a | |
| 331 "control" key, since 127 has both bits 5 and 6 turned ON. Also, on very | |
| 332 few keyboards does Control-? generate ASCII code 127. | |
| 333 | |
| 334 2: What does "M-x command" mean? | |
| 134 | 335 |
| 336 "M-x command" means type M-x, then type the name of the command, then | |
| 337 type RET. | |
| 338 | |
| 1736 | 339 M-x (by default) invokes the command `execute-extended-command'. This |
| 340 command allows you to run any Emacs command if you can remember the | |
| 341 command's name. If you can't remember the command's name, you can type | |
| 342 TAB and SPC for completion, and "?" for a list of possibilities. An Emacs | |
| 343 "command" is any "interactive" Emacs function. | |
| 134 | 344 |
| 345 NOTE: Your system administrator may have bound other key sequences to | |
| 1736 | 346 invoke execute-extended-command. A function key labeled `Do' is a good |
| 134 | 347 candidate for this. |
| 348 | |
| 1736 | 349 To run non-interactive Emacs functions, see question 53. |
| 350 | |
| 351 3: How do I read topic XXX in the on-line manual? | |
| 352 | |
| 353 When I refer you to topic XXX in the on-line manual, you can read this | |
| 354 manual node inside Emacs (assuming nothing is broken) by typing this: | |
| 355 | |
| 356 C-h i m emacs RET m XXX RET | |
| 357 | |
| 358 This invokes the Info facility. If you don't already know how to use | |
| 359 Info, type "?" from within Info. | |
| 360 | |
| 361 If I refer you to topic XXX:YYY, you need to type this: | |
| 362 | |
| 363 C-h i m emacs RET m XXX RET m YYY RET | |
| 364 | |
| 365 WARNING: Your system administrator may not have installed the Info files, | |
| 366 or may have installed them properly. In this case you should complain. | |
| 367 | |
| 368 4: What do these mean: etc/SERVICE, src/config.h, lisp/default.el? | |
| 369 | |
| 370 These are files that come with GNU Emacs. The GNU Emacs distribution is | |
| 371 divided into subdirectories; the important ones are `etc', `lisp', and | |
| 372 `src'. | |
| 134 | 373 |
| 374 If you use GNU Emacs, but don't know where it is kept on your system, | |
| 375 start Emacs, then type "C-h v exec-directory RET". The directory name | |
| 1736 | 376 displayed by this will be the full pathname of the installed `etc' |
| 377 directory. | |
| 134 | 378 |
| 379 Some of these files are available individually via FTP or e-mail, see | |
| 1736 | 380 question 20. All are available in the source distribution. |
| 381 | |
| 382 5: What are FSF, LPF, OSF, GNU, RMS, FTP, and GPL? | |
| 134 | 383 |
| 384 FSF == Free Software Foundation | |
| 385 LPF == League for Programming Freedom | |
| 386 OSF == Open Software Foundation | |
| 387 GNU == GNU's Not Unix | |
| 597 | 388 RMS == Richard Matthew Stallman |
| 134 | 389 FTP == File Transfer Protocol |
| 390 GPL == GNU General Public Licence | |
| 391 | |
| 597 | 392 NOTE: Avoid confusing the FSF, the LPF, and the OSF. The LPF opposes |
| 393 look-and-feel copyrights and software patents. The FSF aims to make high | |
| 394 quality free software available for everyone. The OSF is a commercial | |
| 395 organization which wants to provide an alternative, standardized version | |
| 396 of Unix not controlled by AT&T. | |
| 397 | |
| 398 NOTE: The word "free" in the title of the Free Software Foundation refers | |
| 399 to "freedom", not "zero dollars". Anyone can charge any price for | |
| 400 GPL-covered software that they want to. However, in practice, the freedom | |
| 401 enforced by the GPL leads to low prices, because you can always get the | |
| 402 software for less money from someone else, because everyone has the right | |
| 403 to resell or give away GPL-covered software. | |
| 134 | 404 |
| 405 | |
| 406 | |
| 1736 | 407 General Questions |
| 134 | 408 |
| 1736 | 409 6: What is the LPF and why should I join it? |
| 410 | |
| 411 The LPF opposes the expanding danger of software patents and look-and-feel | |
| 412 copyrights. To get more information, feel free to contact the LPF via | |
| 413 e-mail or otherwise. {You may also contact me, jbw@cs.bu.edu; I will be | |
| 414 happy to talk with you about the LPF.} Here is the contact information: | |
| 415 | |
| 416 E-mail address: league@prep.ai.mit.edu | |
| 417 Phone number: (617) 243-4091 | |
| 418 Postal address: | |
| 419 League for Programming Freedom | |
| 420 1 Kendall Square, Number 143 | |
| 421 Post Office Box 9171 | |
| 422 Cambridge, MA 02139, USA | |
| 423 | |
| 424 Papers describing the LPF's views are available on the internet and also | |
| 425 from the LPF: | |
| 426 | |
| 427 Anonymous FTP: | |
| 428 /prep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/lpf/ | |
| 429 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/lpf/ | |
| 430 Anonymous UUCP: | |
| 431 osu-cis!~/lpf/* | |
| 432 | |
| 433 7: What is the real legal meaning of the GNU copyleft? | |
| 434 | |
| 435 The real legal meaning of the GNU General Public Licence (copyleft) is | |
| 436 however it is interpreted by a judge. There has never been a copyright | |
| 437 infringment case involving the GPL to set any precedents. Please take any | |
| 438 discussion regarding this issue to the newsgroup gnu.misc.discuss, which | |
| 439 was created to hold the extensive flame wars on the subject. | |
| 440 | |
| 441 RMS writes: | |
| 442 | |
| 443 The legal meaning of the GNU copyleft is less important than the spirit, | |
| 444 which is that Emacs is a free software project and that work pertaining | |
| 445 to Emacs should also be free software. "Free" means that all users have | |
| 446 the freedom to study, share, change and improve Emacs. To make sure | |
| 447 everyone has this freedom, pass along source code when you distribute | |
| 448 any version of Emacs or a related program, and give the recipients the | |
| 449 same freedom that you enjoyed. | |
| 450 | |
| 451 8: What are appropriate messages for gnu.emacs.help, gnu.emacs.bug, | |
| 452 comp.emacs, etc.? | |
| 453 | |
| 454 The file etc/MAILINGLISTS discusses the purpose of each GNU mailing-list. | |
| 455 (See question 20 on how to get a copy.) For those which are gatewayed | |
| 456 with newsgroups, it lists both the newsgroup name and the mailing list | |
| 457 address. | |
| 458 | |
| 459 comp.emacs is for discussion of Emacs programs in general. This | |
| 460 includes GNU Emacs along with various other implementations like JOVE, | |
| 461 MicroEmacs, Freemacs, MG, Unipress, CCA, Epsilon, etc. | |
| 462 | |
| 463 Many people post GNU Emacs questions to comp.emacs because they don't | |
| 464 receive any of the gnu.* newsgroups. Arguments have been made both for | |
| 465 and against posting GNU-Emacs-specific material to comp.emacs. You have | |
| 466 to decide for yourself. | |
| 467 | |
| 468 Messages advocating "non-free" software are considered unacceptable on any | |
| 469 of the gnu.* newsgroups except for gnu.misc.discuss, which was created to | |
| 470 hold the extensive flame-wars on the subject. "non-free" software | |
| 471 includes any software for which the end user can't freely modify the | |
| 472 source code and exchange enhancements. Be careful to remove the gnu.* | |
| 473 groups from the `Newsgroups:' line when posting a followup that recommends | |
| 474 such software. | |
| 475 | |
| 476 gnu.emacs.bug is a place where bug reports appear, but avoid posting bug | |
| 477 reports to this newsgroup, instead see question 10. | |
| 478 | |
| 479 9: Where can I get old postings to gnu.emacs.help and other GNU groups? | |
| 480 | |
| 481 The FSF has maintained archives of all of the GNU mailing lists for many | |
| 482 years, although there may be some unintentional gaps in coverage. The | |
| 483 archive is not particularly well organized or easy to retrieve individual | |
| 484 postings from, but pretty much everything is there. | |
| 485 | |
| 486 Anonymous FTP: | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
487 /prep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/gnu/MailingListArchives/ |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
488 |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
489 There is a WAIS database named `comp.emacs' on wais.oit.unc.edu that |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
490 makes available the last few days of articles in comp.emacs. |
| 1736 | 491 |
| 492 10: Where should I report bugs and other problems with GNU Emacs? | |
| 493 | |
| 494 The correct way to report GNU Emacs bugs is by e-mail to | |
| 495 bug-gnu-emacs@prep.ai.mit.edu. Anything sent here also appears in the | |
| 496 newsgroup gnu.emacs.bug, but please use e-mail instead of news to submit | |
| 497 the bug report. This way a reliable return address is available so you | |
| 498 can be contacted for further details. | |
| 499 | |
| 500 RMS explains: | |
| 501 | |
| 502 Sending bug reports to help-gnu-emacs (which has the effect of posting | |
| 503 on gnu.emacs.help) is undesirable because it takes the time of an | |
| 504 unnecessarily large group of people, most of whom are just users and | |
| 505 have no idea how to fix these problem. bug-gnu-emacs reaches a much | |
| 506 smaller group of people who are more likely to know what to do and have | |
| 507 expressed a wish to receive more messages about Emacs than the others. | |
| 508 | |
| 509 However, RMS says there are circumstances when it is okay to post to | |
| 510 gnu.emacs.help: | |
| 511 | |
| 512 If you have reported a bug and you don't hear about a possible fix, then | |
| 513 after a suitable delay (such as a week) it is okay to post on | |
| 514 gnu.emacs.help asking if anyone can help you. | |
| 515 | |
| 516 If you are unsure whether you have a bug, RMS describes how to tell: | |
| 517 | |
| 518 ... if Emacs crashes, that is a bug. If Emacs gets compilation errors | |
| 519 while building, that is a bug. If Emacs crashes while building, that is | |
| 520 a bug. If Lisp code does not do what the documentation says it does, | |
| 521 that is a bug. | |
| 522 | |
| 523 11: How do I unsubscribe to this mailing list? | |
| 524 | |
| 525 If you are receiving a GNU mailing list named `XXX', you might be able | |
| 526 to unsubscribe to it by sending a request to the address | |
| 527 `XXX-request@prep.ai.mit.edu'. However, this will not work if you are | |
| 528 not listed on the main mailing list, but instead recieve the mail from a | |
| 529 distribution point. In that case, you will have to track down at which | |
| 530 distribution point you are listed. Inspecting the `Received:' headers | |
| 531 on the mail messages may help, along with liberal use of the `EXPN' or | |
| 532 `VRFY' sendmail commands through `telnet <site-address> smtp'. Ask your | |
| 533 postmaster for help. | |
| 534 | |
| 535 12: What is the current address of the FSF? | |
| 536 | |
| 537 E-mail address: gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu | |
| 538 Phone number: (617) 876-3296 | |
| 539 Postal address: | |
| 540 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
| 541 675 Massachusetts Avenue | |
| 542 Cambridge, MA 02139, USA | |
| 543 | |
| 544 | |
| 545 | |
| 546 On-line Help, Printed Manuals, Other Sources of Help | |
| 547 | |
| 548 13: I'm just starting GNU Emacs; how do I do basic editing? | |
| 134 | 549 |
| 550 Type "C-h t" to invoke the self-paced tutorial. Typing just C-h is | |
| 551 how to enter the help system. | |
| 552 | |
| 1736 | 553 WARNING: Your system administrator may have changed C-h to act like DEL to |
| 554 deal local keyboards. You can use M-x help-for-help instead to invoke | |
| 555 help. To discover what key (if any) invokes help on your system, type | |
| 556 "M-x where-is RET help-for-help RET". This will print a comma-separated | |
| 557 list of key sequences in the echo area. Ignore the last character in each | |
| 558 key sequence listed. Each of the resulting key sequences invokes help. | |
| 559 | |
| 560 NOTE: Emacs's help facility works best if help is invoked by a single key | |
| 561 whose value should be stored in the variable help-char. Andrew | |
| 562 Arensburger <arensb@kong.gsfc.nasa.gov> wrote a patch that allows the help | |
| 563 facility to work properly when invoked by multiple character sequences. | |
| 564 | |
| 565 14: How do I find out how to do something in GNU Emacs? | |
| 134 | 566 |
| 567 There are several methods for finding out how to do things in Emacs. | |
| 568 | |
| 1736 | 569 * The complete text of the Emacs manual is available online via the Info |
| 570 hypertext reader. Type "C-h i" to invoke Info. | |
| 571 | |
| 572 * You can order a hardcopy of the manual from the FSF. See question 15. | |
| 573 | |
| 574 * You can get a printed reference card listing commands and keys to invoke | |
| 597 | 575 them. You can order one from the FSF for $1 (or 10 for $5), or you can |
| 576 print your own from the etc/refcard.tex file in the Emacs distribution. | |
| 1736 | 577 {Are PostScript versions of this available for FTP?} |
| 578 | |
| 579 * You can list all of the commands whose names contain a certain word | |
| 580 (actually which match a regular expression) using "C-h a" | |
| 581 (M-x command-apropos). | |
| 582 | |
| 583 * You can list all of the functions and variables whose names contain a | |
| 584 certain word using M-x apropos. | |
| 585 | |
| 586 * There are many other commands in Emacs for getting help and information. | |
| 597 | 587 To get a list of these commands, type "C-h C-h C-h". |
| 588 | |
| 589 NOTE: You may find that command-apropos and apropos are extremely slow | |
| 590 on your system. This will be fixed in Emacs 19. If you can't wait that | |
| 1736 | 591 long, there is a fast-apropos.el file available in the Emacs Lisp |
| 592 Archive (see question 89) that contains the fix. | |
| 593 | |
| 594 15: How do I get a printed copy of the GNU Emacs manual? | |
| 134 | 595 |
| 596 You can order a printed copy of the GNU Emacs manual from the FSF for | |
| 1736 | 597 $20. For 6 or more manuals the price is $13 each. The price may be |
| 598 tax-deductible as a business expense. | |
| 599 | |
| 600 The full TeX source for the manual also comes in the `man' directory of | |
| 597 | 601 the Emacs distribution, if you're daring enough to try to print out this |
| 1736 | 602 300 page manual yourself (see question 18). |
| 597 | 603 |
| 604 If you absolutely have to print your own copy, and you don't have TeX, you | |
| 1736 | 605 can get a PostScript version via anonymous FTP: |
| 606 | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
607 /cs.ubc.ca:pub/archive/gnu/manuals_ps/emacs-18.57.ps.Z ! |
| 1736 | 608 |
| 609 which site requests that you please CONFINE ANY MAJOR FTPING TO LATE | |
| 610 EVENINGS OR EARLY MORNINGS OUR TIME (pacific time zone, GMT-8)). A DVI | |
| 611 version is also available via FTP: | |
| 612 | |
| 613 /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/emacs-manual-6.0.dvi.Z | |
| 597 | 614 |
| 615 If you don't have TeX you can convert the Texinfo sources into | |
| 1736 | 616 {t,n,ps}roff format with the `texi2roff' program, which is available via |
| 617 anonymous FTP: | |
| 618 | |
| 619 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/texi2roff/texi2roff.shar.Z | |
| 620 | |
| 621 See also question 14 for how to view the manual online. | |
| 622 | |
| 623 16: Where can I get documentation on GNU Emacs Lisp? | |
| 624 | |
| 625 Within Emacs, you can type "C-h f" to get the documentation for a | |
| 626 function, "C-h v" for a variable. | |
| 627 | |
| 628 For more information, obtain the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual for Emacs | |
| 629 18 under Unix. It is available from the FSF for $50 (or 5 for $200). The | |
| 630 latest revision available for FTP is edition 1.03 dated 28 January 1991. | |
| 631 | |
| 632 For online use, a set of pregenerated Info files is available with the | |
| 633 Texinfo source for the Emacs Lisp manual via anonymous FTP: | |
| 634 | |
| 635 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/ | |
| 636 /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/elisp-manual-1.03.tar.Z | |
| 637 | |
| 638 (You can also create the Info files from the Texinfo source.) See | |
| 639 question 17 for details on how to install these files online. | |
| 640 | |
| 641 If you are daring enough to try to print this 550 page manual out | |
| 642 yourself, for instructions see question 18. | |
| 643 | |
| 644 Also, as a popular USENET saying goes, "Use the Force, Read the Source". | |
| 645 | |
| 646 17: How do I install a piece of Texinfo documentation? | |
| 647 | |
| 648 First create Info files from the Texinfo files with the `makeinfo' | |
| 649 program. makeinfo is available as part of the latest Texinfo package: | |
| 650 | |
| 651 /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/texinfo-2.14.tar.Z | |
| 597 | 652 |
| 653 For information about the Texinfo format, read the Texinfo manual which | |
| 654 comes with Emacs. This manual also comes installed in Info format, so you | |
| 655 can read it online. | |
| 656 | |
| 657 Neither texinfo-format-buffer nor the makeinfo program install the | |
| 658 resulting Info files in Emacs's Info tree. To install Info files: | |
| 659 | |
| 1736 | 660 1. Move the files to the `info' directory in the installed Emacs |
| 661 distribution. See question 4 if you don't know where that | |
| 597 | 662 is. |
| 663 | |
| 664 2. Edit the file info/dir in the installed Emacs distribution, and add a | |
| 665 line for the top level node in the Info package that you are | |
| 666 installing. Follow the examples are already in this file. The format | |
| 667 is: | |
| 668 | |
| 669 * Topic: (relative-pathname). Short description of topic. | |
| 670 | |
| 671 If you want to install Info files and you don't have the necessary | |
| 1736 | 672 privileges, you have several options: |
| 673 | |
| 674 * Info files don't actually need to be installed before being used. You | |
| 597 | 675 can feed a file name to the Info-goto-node command (invoked by pressing |
| 676 "g" in Info mode) by typing the name of the file in parentheses. This | |
| 1736 | 677 goes to the node named `Top' in that file. For example, to view a Info |
| 678 file named `XXX' in your home directory, you can type this: | |
| 597 | 679 |
| 680 C-h i g (~/XXX) RET | |
| 681 | |
| 1736 | 682 * You can create your own Info directory. You can tell Emacs where the |
| 597 | 683 Info directory is by setting the value of the variable Info-directory |
| 684 to its pathname. For example, to use a private Info directory which | |
| 1736 | 685 is a subdirectory of your home directory named `Info', you could do |
| 597 | 686 this: |
| 687 | |
| 688 (setq Info-directory (expand-file-name "~/Info")) | |
| 689 | |
| 1736 | 690 You will need a top-level Info file named `dir' in this directory. |
| 597 | 691 You can include the system-wide Info directory in your private Info |
| 692 directory with symbolic links or by copying it. | |
| 693 | |
| 1736 | 694 * You can use an enhanced version of lisp/info.el that handles multiple |
| 695 Info directories. Then you can more easily use a mix of private and | |
| 696 shared Info files. Dave Gillespie <daveg@synaptics.com, | |
| 697 daveg@csvax.cs.caltech.edu> has written one such enhancement and I | |
| 698 believe there are others. Dave's info.el also handles compressed Info | |
| 699 files. | |
| 700 | |
| 701 Anonymous FTP: | |
| 702 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:modes/info.el.Z | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
703 /ftp.uu.net:languages/emacs-lisp/modes/info.el.Z ! |
| 1736 | 704 |
| 705 According to Jay Bourland <jayb@math.stanford.edu>, a version of Dave's | |
| 706 info.el comes with `xinfo' (see question 19). | |
| 707 | |
| 708 18: How do I print a Texinfo file? | |
| 709 | |
| 710 NOTE: You can't get nice printed output from Info files; you must still | |
| 711 have the original Texinfo source file for the manual you want to print. | |
| 597 | 712 |
| 713 1. Make sure the first line of the Texinfo file looks like this: | |
| 714 | |
| 715 \input texinfo | |
| 716 | |
| 1736 | 717 You may need to alter `texinfo' to the full pathname of the |
| 597 | 718 texinfo.tex file, which comes with Emacs as man/texinfo.tex (or copy |
| 719 or link it into the current directory). | |
| 720 | |
| 721 2. tex XXX.texinfo | |
| 722 | |
| 723 3. texindex XXX.?? | |
| 724 | |
| 1736 | 725 The `texindex' program comes with Emacs as man/texindex.c. |
| 597 | 726 |
| 727 4. tex XXX.texinfo | |
| 728 | |
| 729 5. Print the DVI file XXX.dvi in the normal way for printing DVI files | |
| 730 at your site. | |
| 731 | |
| 732 To get more general instructions, retrieve the latest Texinfo package | |
| 1736 | 733 mentioned in question 17. |
| 734 | |
| 735 19: Can I view Info files without using GNU Emacs? | |
| 597 | 736 |
| 737 Yes, the `info', `xinfo', and `ivinfo' programs do this. info uses | |
| 1736 | 738 curses, xinfo uses standard X11 libraries, and ivinfo uses InterViews. |
| 739 You can get info as part of the latest Texinfo package (see question | |
| 740 17). xinfo is available separately: | |
| 741 | |
| 742 /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/xinfo-1.01.01.tar.Z | |
| 743 /export.lcs.mit.edu: | |
| 744 | |
| 745 ivinfo is available in a comp.sources.misc archive or from Tom Horsley | |
| 746 <tom@ssd.csd.harris.com>. For ivinfo, you need Stanford's InterViews C++ | |
| 747 X library, available via anonymous FTP (interviews.stanford.edu). | |
| 748 | |
| 749 20: What informational files are available for GNU Emacs? | |
| 597 | 750 |
| 751 This isn't a frequently asked question, but it should be! A variety of | |
| 752 informational files about GNU Emacs and relevant aspects of the GNU | |
| 753 project are available for you to read. | |
| 134 | 754 |
| 1736 | 755 The following files are available in the `etc' directory of the GNU |
| 134 | 756 Emacs distribution, and also the latest versions are available |
| 1736 | 757 individually via anonymous FTP (prep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/): |
| 597 | 758 |
| 759 APPLE -- Why the FSF doen't support GNU Emacs on Apple computers | |
| 134 | 760 DISTRIB -- GNU Emacs Availability Information, |
| 761 including the popular "Free Software Foundation Order Form" | |
| 762 FTP -- How to get GNU Software by Internet FTP or by UUCP | |
| 763 GNU -- The GNU Manifesto | |
| 764 INTERVIEW -- Richard Stallman discusses his public-domain | |
| 765 UNIX-compatible software system | |
| 766 with BYTE editors | |
| 767 MACHINES -- Status of GNU Emacs on Various Machines and Systems | |
| 768 MAILINGLISTS -- GNU Project Electronic Mailing Lists | |
| 769 SERVICE -- GNU Service Directory | |
| 1736 | 770 SUN-SUPPORT -- including "Using Emacstool with GNU Emacs" |
| 771 | |
| 772 These files are available in the `etc' directory of the GNU Emacs | |
| 134 | 773 distribution: |
| 774 | |
| 775 DIFF -- Differences between GNU Emacs and Twenex Emacs | |
| 776 CCADIFF -- Differences between GNU Emacs and CCA Emacs | |
| 777 GOSDIFF -- Differences between GNU Emacs and Gosling (Unipress??) Emacs | |
| 778 COPYING -- GNU Emacs General Public License | |
| 779 NEWS -- GNU Emacs News, a history of user-visible changes | |
| 597 | 780 LPF -- Why you should join the League for Programming Freedom |
| 781 FAQ -- GNU Emacs Frequently Asked Questions (You're reading it) | |
| 782 OPTIONS -- a complete explanation of startup option handling | |
| 783 | |
| 784 These files are available via anonymous FTP (prep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/gnu/): | |
| 785 | |
| 786 tasks -- GNU Task List | |
| 787 standards.text -- GNU Coding Standards | |
| 134 | 788 |
| 789 In addition, all of the above files are available directly from the FSF | |
| 790 via e-mail. Of course, please try to get them from a local source | |
| 791 first. | |
| 792 | |
| 597 | 793 These additional files are available from the FSF via e-mail: |
| 794 | |
| 795 * GNU's Bulletin, June, 1991 -- this file includes: | |
| 796 GNU'S Who | |
| 797 What Is the Free Software Foundation? | |
| 798 What Is Copyleft? | |
| 799 A Small Way to Help Free Software | |
| 800 GNUs Flashes (important recent developments for project GNU) | |
| 801 Free Software Support (and how to get it!) | |
| 802 Copyrighted Programming Languages | |
| 803 AT&T Threatens Users of X Windows (and other software patent threats) | |
| 804 Project Gutenberg | |
| 805 GNU Project Status Report | |
| 806 GNU in Japan | |
| 807 GNU Wish List | |
| 808 Help Keep Government Software Free | |
| 809 GNU Software Available Now | |
| 810 Contents of the Emacs Tape | |
| 811 Contents of the Compiler Tape | |
| 812 Contents of the X11 Tapes | |
| 813 VMS Emacs and Compiler Tapes | |
| 814 GNU Documentation | |
| 815 How to Get GNU Software | |
| 816 Free Software for Microcomputers | |
| 817 GNU Software on Apple computers | |
| 818 GNU Software on the Amiga | |
| 819 GNU Software on the Atari | |
| 820 GNUish MS-DOS project | |
| 821 Freemacs, an Extensible Editor for MS-DOS | |
| 822 GNU in Japan | |
| 823 FSF Order Form | |
| 824 Thank GNUs | |
| 825 * Legal issues about contributing code to GNU | |
| 826 * GNU Project Status Report | |
| 827 | |
| 1736 | 828 A collection of past GNU's Bulletins is available via anonymous FTP: |
| 829 | |
| 830 /ftp.funet.fi:pub/gnu/Bulletins/ | |
| 831 | |
| 832 21: Where can I get help in installing GNU Emacs? | |
| 833 | |
| 834 Look in etc/SERVICE for names of companies and individuals who will sell | |
| 835 you this type of service. An up-to-date version of the SERVICE file is | |
| 836 available on prep.ai.mit.edu (also see question 20). | |
| 837 | |
| 838 22: Where can I get the latest version of this document (the FAQ list)? | |
| 597 | 839 |
| 840 The GNU Emacs FAQ is available in several ways: | |
| 841 | |
| 1736 | 842 * Via USENET. If you can read news, the FAQ should be available in your |
| 843 news spool, in both the gnu.emacs.help and comp.emacs newsgroups. Every | |
| 844 news reader of which I know will allow you to read any news article that | |
| 845 is still in the news spool, even if you have read the article before. | |
| 846 You may need to read the instructions for your news reader to discover | |
| 847 how to do this. In `rn', this command will do this for you at the | |
| 848 article selection level: | |
| 849 | |
| 850 ?GNU Emacs FAQ?rc:m | |
| 851 | |
| 852 In GNUS, you should type "C-u G" from the *Subject* buffer or "C-u SPC" | |
| 853 from the *Newsgroup* buffer to view all articles in a newsgroup. | |
| 854 | |
| 855 The FAQ articles' message IDs are: | |
| 856 | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
857 <GNU-Emacs-FAQ-0.1993.05.04.025218@rice.edu> ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
858 <GNU-Emacs-FAQ-1.1993.05.04.025218@rice.edu> ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
859 <GNU-Emacs-FAQ-2.1993.05.04.025218@rice.edu> ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
860 <GNU-Emacs-FAQ-3.1993.05.04.025218@rice.edu> ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
861 <GNU-Emacs-FAQ-4.1993.05.04.025218@rice.edu> ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
862 <GNU-Emacs-FAQ-5.1993.05.04.025218@rice.edu> ! |
| 1736 | 863 |
| 864 If you are viewing this in the GNUS *Article* buffer, you can move point | |
| 865 within one of the above message IDs and type "r" to fetch the referenced | |
| 866 article. Type "o" in the *Article* buffer to restore the previous | |
| 867 contents. If this text is not in the GNUS *Article* buffer, use M-r | |
| 868 from the *Subject* buffer instead. | |
| 869 | |
| 870 If the FAQ articles have expired and been deleted from your news spool, | |
| 871 it might (or might not) do some good to complain to your news | |
| 872 administrator, because the most recent FAQ should not expire before | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
873 July 3, 1993. ! |
| 1736 | 874 |
| 875 * Via anonymous FTP. You can fetch the FAQ articles via anonymous FTP | |
| 876 | |
| 877 /rtfm.mit.edu:pub/usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/ part* | |
| 878 | |
| 879 * Via e-mail. You can send the following magical incantation in the body | |
| 880 of a message to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu: | |
| 881 | |
| 882 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part0 | |
| 883 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part1 | |
| 884 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part2 | |
| 885 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part3 | |
| 886 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part4 | |
| 887 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part5 | |
| 888 | |
| 889 * Via WAIS. The GNU Emacs FAQ is available via WAIS indexed on a | |
| 890 per-question basis from the `faq' database on bigbird.bu.edu on the | |
| 891 non-standard IP port number of 2210. This is probably the best way to | |
| 892 find out if there is something in the FAQ related to your question. I | |
| 893 use this myself to answer questions I see posted on gnu.emacs.help. | |
| 894 | |
| 895 The articles of the GNU Emacs FAQ are also available from the `usenet' | |
| 896 database on rtfm.mit.edu (on the standard IP port: 210), along with a | |
| 897 lot of other FAQ articles. However, these are all indexed at the whole | |
| 898 article level instead of at the question level. This is a better place | |
| 899 to look if you want to fetch the entire FAQ. | |
| 900 | |
| 901 * In the GNU Emacs distribution. Since GNU Emacs 18.56, the latest | |
| 902 available version of the FAQ at the time of release has been part of the | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
903 GNU Emacs distribution as file etc/FAQ. 18.59 is the latest version, |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
904 and it was released in October 1992. |
| 1736 | 905 |
| 906 * There is an old version of the FAQ list available for FTP in the GNU | |
| 907 archives at MIT: | |
| 908 | |
| 909 /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/GNUinfo/FAQ.emacs | |
| 910 | |
| 911 * As the very last resort, you can e-mail a request to | |
| 912 gnu-emacs-faq-maintainers@bigbird.bu.edu. Don't do this unless you have | |
| 913 made a serious effort to obtain the FAQ list via one of the methods | |
| 914 listed above. | |
| 915 | |
| 597 | 916 |
| 917 | |
| 1736 | 918 Status of Emacs |
| 597 | 919 |
| 1736 | 920 23: Where does the name "Emacs" come from? |
| 921 | |
| 922 Emacs originally was an acronym for Editor MACroS. RMS says he "picked | |
| 923 the name `Emacs' because `E' was not in use as an abbreviation on ITS at | |
| 924 the time.". The first Emacs was a set of macros written in 1976 at MIT by | |
| 925 RMS for the editor TECO (Text Editor and COrrector (originally Tape Editor | |
| 926 and COrrector)) under ITS on a PDP-10. RMS had already extended TECO with | |
| 927 a "real-time" full screen mode with active keys. Emacs was started by Guy | |
| 928 Steele <gls@think.com> as a project to unify the many divergent TECO | |
| 929 command sets and keybindings at MIT. | |
| 930 | |
| 931 Many people have told me that TECO code looks a lot like line noise. See | |
| 932 alt.lang.teco if you are interested. I think someone has written a TECO | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
933 implementation in Emacs Lisp. It would be an interesting project to run |
| 1736 | 934 the original TECO Emacs inside of GNU Emacs. |
| 935 | |
| 936 24: What is the latest version of GNU Emacs? | |
| 937 | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
938 GNU Emacs 18.59 is the current version. Fixes from 18.57 include better |
| 1736 | 939 mail address parsing, an X visual bell speedup, a call-process |
| 940 enhancement, a regexp matching change, the ability to apply a numeric | |
| 941 argument to a self-inserting digit, getting X resource values from the | |
| 942 RESOURCE_MANAGER property, more reliable shell mode job control, and a | |
| 943 change to copy-keymap. Also, support has been added for many new system | |
| 944 types. Fixes from 18.55 include the removal of arbitrary limits on the | |
| 945 undo facility. | |
| 946 | |
| 947 According to the January 1992 GNU's Bulletin, "Emacs 18 maintenance | |
| 948 continues for simple bug fixes.". | |
| 949 | |
| 950 To visit a file with information about what has changed in recent | |
| 951 versions, type "C-h n". | |
| 952 | |
| 953 25: When will GNU Emacs 19 be available? | |
| 954 | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
955 Richard Stallman recently (February 19, 1993) posted in gnu.emacs.help ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
956 the following: ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
957 ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
958 People should keep in mind that the successor of Emacs 18 does not ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
959 come from Lucid. Its is GNU Emacs 19. I still can't say exactly when ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
960 public release is going to be, but we are about to start testing at a ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
961 number of sites. ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
962 ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
963 GNU Emacs 19 will support a broad spectrum of machines, like Emacs ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
964 18. Ensuring this is the purpose of the testing we are about to do. ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
965 ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
966 (Please don't volunteer; we have enough pretesters, and if more people ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
967 offer, dealing with those messages will slow things down.) ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
968 ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
969 Once we make sure it is indeed working reliably on various different ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
970 systems, we will have a public beta test release. ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
971 ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
972 Emacs 19 does support adding properties to ranges of text, and using ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
973 these to switch fonts. In the future, the Epoch people will help ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
974 merge support for variable-width fonts. ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
975 ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
976 Meanwhile, I have almost finished updating the Emacs Lisp manual. Its ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
977 next edition will describe Emacs 19. There will be an announcement ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
978 when we know when this edition will be available. ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
979 |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
980 Lucid has released Lucid GNU Emacs 19.6, which is based on an early ! |
| 1736 | 981 unreleased version of GNU Emacs 19. This will be similar to Emacs 19 when |
| 982 it finally arrives, but they are not the same. See question 121. | |
| 983 | |
| 984 Work has begun on features for Emacs 20. | |
| 985 | |
| 986 26: What is different about GNU Emacs 19? | |
| 987 | |
| 988 From the January 1992 GNU's Bulletin: | |
| 989 | |
| 990 Version 19 will enter beta test late this year. Among its new features | |
| 991 are: before and after change hooks, source-level debugging of Emacs Lisp | |
| 992 programs, X selection processing (including clipboard selections), | |
| 993 scrollbars, support for European character sets, floating point numbers, | |
| 994 per-buffer mouse commands, X resource manager interfacing, | |
| 995 mouse-tracking, Lisp-level binding of function keys, multiple X windows | |
| 996 (`screens' to Emacs), a new input system, and buffer allocation, which | |
| 997 uses a new mechanism capable of returning storage to the system when a | |
| 998 buffer is killed. | |
| 999 | |
| 1000 The input stream is now a sequence of Lisp objects, instead of a | |
| 1001 sequence of characters. This allows a reasonable representation for | |
| 1002 mouse clicks, function keys, menu selections, etc. | |
| 597 | 1003 |
| 1004 Thanks go to Alan Carroll and the people who worked on Epoch for | |
| 1736 | 1005 generating initial feedback to a multi-windowed Emacs, and to Eric |
| 1006 Raymond for help in polishing the Emacs 19 Lisp libraries. | |
| 1007 | |
| 1008 The June 1991 GNU's bulletin had this to say about future plans for Emacs: | |
| 597 | 1009 |
| 1010 Features being considered for later releases of Emacs include: | |
| 1011 associating property lists with regions of text in a buffer; multiple | |
| 1012 fonts, color, and pixmaps defined by those properties; different | |
| 1013 visibility conditions for the regions, and for various windows showing | |
| 1014 one buffer; hooks to be run if point or mouse moves outside a certain | |
| 1015 range; incrementally saving undo history in a file; static menu bars; | |
| 1016 and better pop-up menus. | |
| 1017 | |
| 1736 | 1018 Mention of this feature disappeared in the January 1992 GNU's bulletin: |
| 1019 | |
| 1020 Emacs 19 supports two styles of multiple windows, one with a separate | |
| 1021 screen for the minibuffer, and another with a minibuffer attached to | |
| 1022 each screen. | |
| 1023 | |
| 1024 Mention of these two proposed features disappeared in the January 1991 | |
| 1025 GNU's bulletin: | |
| 597 | 1026 |
| 1027 * Incremental syntax analysis for various programming languages (Leif). | |
| 134 | 1028 * A more sophisticated emacsclient/server model, which would provide |
| 1029 network transparent Emacs widget functionality. | |
| 1030 | |
| 1736 | 1031 27: What variants of GNU Emacs exist? |
| 1032 | |
| 1033 * Nemacs (Nihongo Emacs), which can handle Japanese text, is derived from | |
| 1034 GNU Emacs 18.55. See question 149. | |
| 1035 | |
| 1036 * Demacs, which can run under MS-DOS on 386 machines, is derived from | |
| 1037 Nemacs. See question 122. | |
| 1038 | |
| 1039 * Epoch, which has better X support, is derived from GNU Emacs 18.58. | |
| 1040 See question 120 and 92. | |
| 1041 | |
| 1042 * Nepoch (Nihongo Epoch), which can handle Japanese text, is derived from | |
| 1043 Epoch. | |
| 1044 | |
| 1045 * Mule (the MULtilingual Enhancement of GNU Emacs) can handle many | |
| 1046 character sets simultaneously. It is derived from Emacs 18.58. It is | |
| 1047 available for FTP: | |
| 1048 | |
| 1049 /sh.wide.ad.jp:/JAPAN/mule/ | |
| 1050 /etlport.etl.go.jp:/pub/mule/ | |
| 1051 | |
| 1052 * Lucid GNU Emacs is derived from an early unreleased version of GNU Emacs | |
| 1053 19. See question 121 and 92. | |
| 1054 | |
| 1055 | |
| 1056 | |
| 1057 GNU Emacs FAQ: Common Requests/Problems | |
| 1058 | |
| 1059 If you are viewing this text in a GNU Emacs Buffer, you can type "M-2 C-x $" to | |
| 1060 get an overview of just the questions. Then, when you want to look at the text | |
| 1061 of the answers, just type "C-x $". | |
| 1062 | |
| 1063 To search for a question numbered XXX, type "M-C-s ^XXX:", followed by a C-r if | |
| 1064 that doesn't work, then type ESC to end the search. | |
| 1065 | |
| 1066 A `+' in the 78th column means something was inserted on the line. A `-' means | |
| 1067 something was deleted and a `!' means some combination of insertions and | |
| 1068 deletions occurred. | |
| 1069 | |
| 1070 Full instructions for getting the latest FAQ are in question 22. Also see the | |
| 1071 `Introduction to news.answers' posting in the `news.answers' newsgroup, or send | |
| 1072 e-mail to `mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu' with `help' on a body line, or use FTP, | |
| 1073 WAIS, or Prospero to rtfm.mit.edu. | |
| 1074 | |
| 1075 | |
| 1076 | |
| 1077 Common Things People Want To Do | |
| 1078 | |
| 1079 28: How do I set up a .emacs file properly? | |
| 1080 | |
| 1081 See `Init File' in the on-line manual. | |
| 1082 | |
| 1083 WARNING: In general, new Emacs users should not have .emacs files, because | |
| 1084 it causes confusing non-standard behavior. Then they send questions to | |
| 1085 help-gnu-emacs asking why Emacs isn't behaving as documented. :-) | |
| 1086 | |
| 1087 29: How do I debug a .emacs file? | |
| 1088 | |
| 1089 First start Emacs with the `-q' command line option. Then, in the | |
| 1090 *scratch* buffer, type the following: | |
| 1091 | |
| 1092 (setq debug-on-error t) LFD | |
| 1093 (load-file "~/.emacs") LFD | |
| 1094 | |
| 1095 (Type LFD by pressing C-j.) | |
| 1096 | |
| 1097 If you have an error in your .emacs file, this will invoke the debugger | |
| 1098 when the error occurs. If you don't know how to use the debugger do | |
| 1099 (setq stack-trace-on-error t) instead. | |
| 1100 | |
| 1101 WARNING: this will not discover errors caused by trying to do something | |
| 1102 that requires the terminal/window-system initialization code to have | |
| 1103 been loaded. See question 127. | |
| 1104 | |
| 1105 30: How do I make Emacs display the current line (or column) number? | |
| 1106 | |
| 1107 To find out what line of the buffer you are on right now, do "M-x | |
| 1108 what-line". Use "M-x goto-line" to go to a specific line. To find the | |
| 1109 current column number, type "M-ESC (current-column)". | |
| 1110 | |
| 1111 Typing "C-x l" will also tell you what line you are on, provided the | |
| 1112 buffer isn't separated into "pages" with C-l characters. In that case, it | |
| 1113 will only tell you what line of the current "page" you are on. WARNING: | |
| 1114 "C-x l" gives the wrong value when point is at the beginning of a line. | |
| 1115 | |
| 1116 There is no "correct" way to constantly display the current (or total) | |
| 1117 line (or column) number on the mode line in Emacs 18, or to display the | |
| 1118 line numbers next to the lines like vi can. Emacs is not a line-oriented | |
| 1119 editor, and really has no idea what "lines" of the buffer are displayed in | |
| 1120 the window. It would require a lot of work at the C code level to make | |
| 1121 Emacs keep track of this. It would not be that hard to get the column | |
| 1122 number, but it would still require changes at the C code level. | |
| 1123 | |
| 1124 None of the vi emulation modes provide the `set number' capability of vi | |
| 1125 (as far as I know). | |
| 1126 | |
| 1127 Emacs 19 will probably be able to show the line number on the mode-line, | |
| 1128 but probably very inefficiently. | |
| 1129 | |
| 1130 People have written various kludges to display line numbers. One is | |
| 1131 `display-line-numbers' by Wayne Mesard <wmesard@tofu.oracle.com, | |
| 1132 Mesard@bbn.com>. Look in the Lisp Code Directory. (See question | |
| 1133 88.) | |
| 1134 | |
| 1135 31: How do I turn on Abbrevs by default just in mode XXX? | |
| 1136 | |
| 1137 Put this in your .emacs file: | |
| 1138 | |
| 1139 (condition-case () | |
| 1140 (read-abbrev-file nil t) | |
| 1141 (file-error nil)) | |
| 1142 | |
| 1143 (setq XXX-mode-hook | |
| 1144 (function | |
| 1145 (lambda () | |
| 1146 (setq abbrev-mode t)))) | |
| 1147 | |
| 1148 32: How do I turn on Auto-Fill mode by default? | |
| 1149 | |
| 1150 To turn on Auto-Fill mode just once for one buffer, use "M-x | |
| 1151 auto-fill-mode". To turn it on for every buffer in, for example, Text | |
| 1152 mode, do this: | |
| 1153 | |
| 1154 (setq text-mode-hook 'turn-on-auto-fill) | |
| 1155 | |
| 1156 If you want Auto-Fill mode on in all major modes, do this: | |
| 1157 | |
| 1158 (setq-default auto-fill-hook 'do-auto-fill) | |
| 1159 | |
| 1160 33: How do I make Emacs use a certain major mode for certain files? | |
| 1161 | |
| 1162 If you want to use XXX mode for all files which end with the extension | |
| 1163 `.YYY', this will do it for you: | |
| 1164 | |
| 1165 (setq auto-mode-alist (cons '("\\.YYY\\'" . XXX-mode) auto-mode-alist)) | |
| 1166 | |
| 1167 Otherwise put this somewhere in the first line of any file you want to | |
| 1168 edit in XXX mode: | |
| 1169 | |
| 1170 -*-XXX-*- | |
| 1171 | |
| 1172 34: How do I search for, delete, or replace unprintable (8-bit or control) | |
| 1173 characters? | |
| 1174 | |
| 1175 To search for a single character that appears in the buffer as, for | |
| 1176 example, `\237', you can type "C-s C-q 2 3 7". (This assumes the value of | |
| 1177 search-quote-char is 17 (ie., C-q).) Searching for ALL unprintable | |
| 1178 characters is best done with a "regexp" search. The easiest regexp to use | |
| 1179 for the unprintable chars is the complement of the regexp for the | |
| 1180 printable chars. | |
| 1181 | |
| 1182 Regexp for the printable chars: [\t\n\r\f -~] | |
| 1183 | |
| 1184 Regexp for the unprintable chars: [^\t\n\r\f -~] | |
| 1185 | |
| 1186 To type some of these special characters in an interactive argument to | |
| 1187 isearch-forward-regexp or re-search-forward, you need to use C-q. (`\t', | |
| 1188 `\n', `\r', and `\f' stand respectively for TAB, LFD, RET, and C-l.) So, | |
| 1189 to search for unprintable characters using re-search-forward: | |
| 1190 | |
| 1191 M-x re-search-forward RET [^ TAB C-q LFD C-q RET C-q C-l SPC -~] RET | |
| 1192 | |
| 1193 Using isearch-forward-regexp: | |
| 1194 | |
| 1195 M-C-s [^ TAB RET C-q RET C-q C-l SPC -~] | |
| 1196 | |
| 1197 To delete all unprintable characters, simply use a replace-regexp: | |
| 1198 | |
| 1199 M-x replace-regexp RET [^ TAB C-q LFD C-q RET C-q C-l SPC -~] RET RET | |
| 1200 | |
| 1201 Replacing is similar to the above. {I need to write the text for this | |
| 1202 part of the answer!} | |
| 1203 | |
| 1204 Notes: | |
| 1205 | |
| 1206 * With isearch, you can type RET to get a quoted LFD (not a quoted RET). | |
| 1207 | |
| 1208 * You don't need to quote TAB with either isearch or typing something in | |
| 1209 the minibuffer. | |
| 1210 | |
| 1211 Here are the Emacs Lisp forms of the above regexps: | |
| 1212 | |
| 1213 ;; regexp matching all printable characters: | |
| 1214 "[\t\n\r\f -~]" | |
| 1215 | |
| 1216 ;; regexp matching all unprintable characters: | |
| 1217 "[^\t\n\r\f -~]" | |
| 1218 | |
| 1219 35: How can I highlight a region of text in Emacs? | |
| 1220 | |
| 1221 There are ways to get highlighting (reverse video, inverse video) in GNU | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1222 Emacs 18.59, but either they require patching the C code of Emacs and |
| 1736 | 1223 rebuilding, or they are slow and the highlighting disappears if you scroll |
| 1224 or redraw the screen and it can not follow the point. Howard Gayle's | |
| 1225 patches for 8-bit output appear to allow highlighting (see question | |
| 1226 ^8-bit-output). Another patch for highlighting is by Kenichi Handa | |
| 1227 <handa@etl.go.jp>. There is a patch for use with X by Andy Norman | |
| 1228 <ange@hplb.hpl.hp.com> (and modified for 18.57 by Matthieu Herrb | |
| 1229 <matthieu@laas.fr>), which is available for FTP: | |
| 1230 | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1231 /laas.laas.fr:pub/emacs/patch-X11-18.55 |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1232 /laas.laas.fr:pub/emacs/patch-X11-18.57 |
| 1736 | 1233 |
| 1234 You can highlight regions in a variety of ways in Epoch and Lucid Emacs. | |
| 1235 GNU Emacs 19 may not be able to just temporarily highlight a region. | |
| 1236 | |
| 1237 Similar comments apply to displaying text in different fonts, except that | |
| 1238 it is even harder. | |
| 1239 | |
| 1240 36: How do I control Emacs's case-sensitivity when searching/replacing? | |
| 1241 | |
| 1242 For searching, the value of the variable case-fold-search determines | |
| 1243 whether they are case sensitive: | |
| 1244 | |
| 1245 (setq case-fold-search nil) ; make searches case sensitive | |
| 1246 (setq case-fold-search t) ; make searches case insensitive | |
| 1247 | |
| 1248 Similarly, for replacing the variable case-replace determines whether | |
| 1249 replacements preserve case. | |
| 1250 | |
| 1251 To change the case sensitivity just for one major mode, use the major | |
| 1252 mode's hook. For example: | |
| 1253 | |
| 1254 (setq XXX-mode-hook | |
| 1255 (function | |
| 1256 (lambda () | |
| 1257 (setq case-fold-search nil)))) | |
| 1258 | |
| 1259 37: How do I make Emacs wrap words for me? | |
| 1260 | |
| 1261 M-x auto-fill-mode. The default maximum line width is 74, determined by | |
| 1262 the variable fill-column. To find how to turn this on automatically see | |
| 1263 question 32. | |
| 1264 | |
| 1265 38: Where can I get a better spelling checker for Emacs? | |
| 1266 | |
| 1267 Use Ispell. See question 119. | |
| 1268 | |
| 1269 39: How can I spell-check TeX or *roff documents? | |
| 1270 | |
| 1271 If you want to spell-check TeX or *roff documents with Ispell, you need to | |
| 1272 arrange for a filter program that understands how to strip TeX or *roff | |
| 1273 formatting commands to be run. In the TeX distribution, there are several | |
| 1274 different programs named `detex', all with incompatible options, and a | |
| 1275 very old pair of programs named `detex' and `delatex', which should | |
| 1276 probably be avoided. The most useful one for Ispell is `detex' by Daniel | |
| 1277 Trinkle. A more recent version is available via FTP: | |
| 1278 | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1279 /arthur.cs.purdue.edu:pub/trinkle/detex-2.4.tar |
| 1736 | 1280 |
| 1281 Raphael Cerf <cerf@clipper.ens.fr> recently released a program for this | |
| 1282 named `xetal': | |
| 1283 | |
| 1284 /spi.ens.fr:pub/unix/tex/ | |
| 1285 | |
| 1286 There is a program that comes with Unix named `deroff' for stripping | |
| 1287 formatting commands from *roff files. | |
| 1288 | |
| 1289 Here is an example of code you can put in a .emacs file to use these | |
| 1290 programs: | |
| 1291 | |
| 1292 ;; Based on suggestions by David G. Grubbs <dgg@ksr.com> and Paul Palmer | |
| 1293 ;; <palmerp@math.orst.edu>. | |
| 1294 | |
| 1295 ;; Assuming the use of detex 2.3 by Daniel Trinkle: | |
| 1296 ;; -w means one word per line. | |
| 1297 ;; -n means don't expand \input or \include commands. | |
| 1298 ;; -l means force LaTeX mode. | |
| 1299 | |
| 1300 (require 'ispell) ; for the make-variable-buffer-local statements | |
| 1301 (setq plain-TeX-mode-hook | |
| 1302 (function | |
| 1303 (lambda () | |
| 1304 (setq ispell-filter-hook "detex") | |
| 1305 (setq ispell-filter-hook-args '("-nw"))))) | |
| 1306 (setq LaTeX-mode-hook | |
| 1307 (function | |
| 1308 (lambda () | |
| 1309 (setq ispell-filter-hook "detex") | |
| 1310 (setq ispell-filter-hook-args '("-lnw"))))) | |
| 1311 (setq nroff-mode-hook | |
| 1312 (function | |
| 1313 (lambda () | |
| 1314 (setq ispell-filter-hook "deroff") | |
| 1315 (setq ispell-filter-hook-args '("-w"))))) | |
| 1316 | |
| 1317 You will have to adjust the arguments for programs other than Trinkle's | |
| 1318 detex or for other versions of deroff. Experiment running the command | |
| 1319 from the shell to find the correct options. If you don't have a filter | |
| 1320 that knows how to output one word per line, you must pipe its output | |
| 1321 through another filter to break up the output. | |
| 1322 | |
| 1323 40: How do I change load-path? | |
| 1324 | |
| 1325 In general, you should only *add* to the load-path. You can add | |
| 1326 directory /XXX/YYY to the load path like this: | |
| 1327 | |
| 1328 (setq load-path (append load-path '("/XXX/YYY/"))) | |
| 1329 | |
| 1330 To do this relative to your home directory: | |
| 1331 | |
| 1332 (setq load-path (append load-path (list (expand-file-name "~/YYY/")))) | |
| 1333 | |
| 1334 41: How do I use an already running Emacs from another window? | |
| 1335 | |
| 1336 The `emacsclient' program is for editing a file using an already running | |
| 1337 Emacs rather than starting up a new Emacs. It does this by sending a | |
| 1338 request to the already running Emacs, which must be expecting the request. | |
| 1339 | |
| 1340 * Setup | |
| 1341 | |
| 1342 Emacs must have executed the `server-start' function for emacsclient to | |
| 1343 work. This can be done either by a command line option: | |
| 1344 | |
| 1345 emacs -f server-start | |
| 1346 | |
| 1347 or by invoking server-start from the .emacs file: | |
| 1348 | |
| 1349 (if (some conditions are met) (server-start)) | |
| 1350 | |
| 1351 When this is done, Emacs starts a subprocess running a program called | |
| 1352 `server'. `server' creates a Unix domain socket in the user's home | |
| 1353 directory named `.emacs_server'. | |
| 1354 | |
| 1355 To get your news reader, mail reader, etc., to invoke emacsclient, try | |
| 1356 setting the environment variable EDITOR (or sometimes VISUAL) to the | |
| 1357 value `emacsclient'. You may have to specify the full pathname of the | |
| 1358 emacsclient program instead. Examples: | |
| 1359 | |
| 1360 # csh commands: | |
| 1361 setenv EDITOR emacsclient | |
| 1362 setenv EDITOR /usr/local/emacs/etc/emacsclient # using full pathname | |
| 1363 | |
| 1364 # sh command: | |
| 1365 EDITOR=emacsclient export EDITOR | |
| 1366 | |
| 1367 * Normal use | |
| 1368 | |
| 1369 When emacsclient is run, it connects to the `.emacs_server' socket and | |
| 1370 passes its command line options to `server'. When `server' receives | |
| 1371 these requests, it sends this information on the the Emacs process, | |
| 1372 which at the next opportunity will visit the files specified. (Line | |
| 1373 numbers can be specified just like with Emacs.) The user will have to | |
| 1374 switch to the Emacs window by hand. When the user is done editing a | |
| 1375 file, the user can type "C-x #" to indicate this. This will switch to | |
| 1376 another buffer created at the request of emacsclient if there are any. | |
| 1377 When "C-x #" has been invoked on all of the files that the emacsclient | |
| 1378 requested to be edited, Emacs will send notification of this to `server' | |
| 1379 which will pass this on to the emacsclient, which will then exit. | |
| 1380 | |
| 1381 NOTE: `emacsclient' and `server' must be running on machines which share | |
| 1382 the same filesystem for this to work. The pathnames that emacsclient | |
| 1383 specifies should be correct for the filesystem that the Emacs process | |
| 1384 sees. The Emacs process should not be suspended at the time emacsclient | |
| 1385 is invoked. emacsclient should either be invoked from another X window or | |
| 1386 from a shell window inside Emacs itself. | |
| 1387 | |
| 1388 There is an enhanced version of emacsclient/server called `gnuserv' by | |
| 1389 Andy Norman <ange@hplb.hpl.hp.com> which is available in the Emacs Lisp | |
| 1390 Archive. gnuserv uses Internet domain sockets, so it can work across most | |
| 1391 network connections. It also supports the execution of arbitrary Emacs | |
| 1392 Lisp forms and also does not require the client program to wait for | |
| 1393 completion. It is available via anonymous FTP (Emacs Lisp Archive: | |
| 1394 packages/gnuserv.shar). | |
| 1395 | |
| 1396 42: How do I make Emacs recognize my compiler's funny error messages? | |
| 1397 | |
| 1398 Write a program which runs the compiler as a child and filters its output, | |
| 1399 rearranging as necessary. Install with same name as compiler somewhere in | |
| 1400 path. | |
| 1401 | |
| 1402 Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu> wrote one such for a C compiler under AIX. | |
| 1403 Available via FTP: | |
| 1404 | |
| 1405 /cs.utk.edu:readonly/aixcc.lex | |
| 1406 | |
| 1407 Jim Frost <jimf@saber.com> wrote another for the IBM xlc compiler on the | |
| 1408 RS/6000. (I don't know if these are both for the same compiler.) | |
| 1409 Johnathan Vail <vail@tegra.COM> wrote something for a High C compiler | |
| 1410 (`hc', which is one of the compilers on the RS/6000, although I think | |
| 1411 Johnathan wrote his program for hc on a different computer). | |
| 1412 | |
| 1413 43: How do I indent switch statements like this? | |
| 1414 | |
| 1415 Many people want to indent their switch statements like this: | |
| 1416 | |
| 1417 f() | |
| 1418 { | |
| 1419 switch(x) { | |
| 1420 case A: | |
| 1421 x1; | |
| 1422 break; | |
| 1423 case B: | |
| 1424 x2; | |
| 1425 break; | |
| 1426 default: | |
| 1427 x3; | |
| 1428 } | |
| 1429 } | |
| 1430 | |
| 1431 I don't believe there is any way to do this exactly without modifying the | |
| 1432 Lisp code in c-mode.el. You can set c-indent-level to 4 and | |
| 1433 c-label-offset to -2, but this has bad effects elsewhere. {Anyone have a | |
| 1434 solution?} | |
| 1435 | |
| 1436 44: How can I make Emacs automatically scroll horizontally? | |
| 1437 | |
| 1438 There is no completely correct way of doing this that does not involve | |
| 1439 rewriting all commands or writing your own top-level command loop (not a | |
| 1440 completely bad idea). Wayne Mesard <wmesard@pescadero.stanford.edu> has | |
| 1441 written a particularly advanced kludge called `hscroll.el' that checks | |
| 1442 once a second to make sure point is visible. | |
| 1443 | |
| 1444 45: How do I make Emacs "typeover" or "overwrite" instead of inserting? | |
| 1445 | |
| 1446 M-x overwrite-mode (a minor mode). | |
| 1447 | |
| 1448 46: How do I stop Emacs from beeping on a terminal? | |
| 1449 | |
| 1450 Martin R. Frank <martin@cc.gatech.edu> writes: | |
| 1451 | |
| 1452 Tell Emacs to use the 'visible bell' instead of the audible bell, and | |
| 1453 set the visible bell to nothing. | |
| 1454 | |
| 1455 Put this in your TERMCAP environment variable: | |
| 1456 | |
| 1457 ... :vb=: ... | |
| 1458 | |
| 1459 And evaluate this: | |
| 1460 | |
| 1461 (setq visible-bell t) | |
| 1462 | |
| 1463 47: How do I turn down the bell volume in Emacs running under X Windows? | |
| 1464 | |
| 1465 Under versions of Emacs before 18.58, the bell volume was annoying loud | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1466 and difficult to turn off. So upgrading to 18.58 or higher will reduce |
| 1736 | 1467 the volume. If you want to turn it off completely, use `xset'. There is |
| 1468 no way to turn the bell off just for Emacs without affecting all other | |
| 1469 programs. | |
| 1470 | |
| 1471 Under Epoch you can do: | |
| 1472 | |
| 1473 (setq epoch::bell-volume 20) | |
| 1474 | |
| 1475 Stu Grossman <grossman@sunburn.stanford.edu> wrote a patch that allows the | |
| 1476 bell volume to be adjusted from inside Emacs just for Emacs. | |
| 1477 | |
| 1478 48: How do I tell Emacs to automatically indent a new line to the | |
| 1479 indentation of the previous line? | |
| 1480 | |
| 1481 One solution is Indented Text Mode (M-x indented-text-mode). | |
| 1482 | |
| 1483 If you have Auto-Fill mode on (a minor mode, see question 32), you can | |
| 1484 tell Emacs to prefix every line with a certain character sequence, the | |
| 1485 "fill prefix". Type the prefix at the beginning of a line, position point | |
| 1486 after it, and then type "C-x ." (set-fill-prefix) to set the fill prefix. | |
| 1487 Thereafter, auto-filling will automatically put the fill prefix at the | |
| 1488 beginning of new lines, and M-q (fill-paragraph) will maintain any fill | |
| 1489 prefix when refilling the paragraph. | |
| 1490 | |
| 1491 NOTE: If you have paragraphs with different levels of indentation, you | |
| 1492 will have to set the fill prefix to the correct value each time you move | |
| 1493 to a new paragraph. To avoid this hassle, try one of the many packages | |
| 1494 available from the Emacs Lisp Archive. Look up `fill' and `indent' in the | |
| 1495 Lisp Code Directory for guidance. | |
| 1496 | |
| 1497 49: How do I show which parenthesis matches the one I'm looking at? | |
| 1498 | |
| 1499 If you're looking at a right parenthesis (or brace or bracket) you can | |
| 1500 delete it and reinsert it. Emacs will blink the cursor on the matching | |
| 1501 parenthesis. | |
| 1502 | |
| 1503 M-C-f (forward-sexp) and M-C-b (backward-sexp) will skip over balanced | |
| 1504 parentheses, so you can see which parentheses match. (You can train it to | |
| 1505 skip over balanced brackets and braces at the same time by modifying the | |
| 1506 syntax table.) | |
| 1507 | |
| 1508 Here is some Emacs Lisp that will make the % key show the matching | |
| 1509 parenthesis, like in vi. In addition, if the cursor isn't over a | |
| 1510 parenthesis, it simply inserts a % like normal. | |
| 1511 | |
| 1512 ;; By an unknown contributor | |
| 1513 | |
| 1514 (global-set-key "%" 'match-paren) | |
| 1515 | |
| 1516 (defun match-paren (arg) | |
| 1517 "Go to the matching parenthesis if on parenthesis otherwise insert %." | |
| 1518 (interactive "p") | |
| 1519 (cond ((looking-at "\\s\(") (forward-list 1) (backward-char 1)) | |
| 1520 ((looking-at "\\s\)") (forward-char 1) (backward-list 1)) | |
| 1521 (t (self-insert-command (or arg 1))))) | |
| 1522 | |
| 1523 50: In C mode, can I show just the lines that will be left after #ifdef | |
| 1524 commands are handled by the compiler? | |
| 1525 | |
| 1526 M-x hide-ifdef-mode. (This is a minor mode.) | |
| 1527 | |
| 1528 You may have to (load "hideif") first. If you want to do this regularly, | |
| 1529 put this in your .emacs file: | |
| 1530 | |
| 1531 (autoload 'hide-ifdef-mode "hideif" nil t) | |
| 1532 | |
| 1533 {Yes, I know, this should be in lisp/loaddefs.el already.} | |
| 1534 | |
| 1535 51: Is there an equivalent to the `.' (dot) command of vi? | |
| 1536 | |
| 1537 (`.' is the redo command in vi. It redoes the last insertion/deletion.) | |
| 1538 | |
| 1539 No, not really. | |
| 1540 | |
| 1541 You can type "C-x ESC" (repeat-complex-command) to reinvoke commands that | |
| 1542 used the minibuffer to get arguments. In repeat-complex-command you can | |
| 1543 type M-p and M-n to scan through all the different complex commands you've | |
| 1544 typed. | |
| 1545 | |
| 1546 To repeat something on each line I recommend using keyboard macros. | |
| 1547 | |
| 1548 52: What are the valid X resource settings (ie., stuff in .Xdefaults)? | |
| 1549 | |
| 1550 See the Emacs man page, or the etc/OPTIONS file. Ignore the information | |
| 1551 in etc/XDOC which is way out of date. | |
| 1552 | |
| 1553 53: How do I execute a piece of Emacs Lisp code? | |
| 1554 | |
| 1555 There are a number of ways to execute (called "evaluate") an Emacs Lisp | |
| 1556 "form": | |
| 1557 | |
| 1558 * If you want it evaluated every time you run Emacs, put it in a file | |
| 1559 named `.emacs' in your home directory. | |
| 1560 | |
| 1561 * You can type the form in the *scratch* buffer, and then type LFD (or | |
| 1562 C-j) after it. The result of evaluating the form will be inserted in | |
| 1563 the buffer. | |
| 1564 | |
| 1565 * In Emacs-Lisp mode, typing M-C-x evaluates a top-level form before or | |
| 1566 around point. | |
| 1567 | |
| 1568 * Typing "C-x C-e" in any buffer evaluates the Lisp form immediately | |
| 1569 before point and prints its value in the echo area. | |
| 1570 | |
| 1571 * Typing M-ESC or M-x eval-expression allows you to type a Lisp form in | |
| 1572 the minibuffer which will be evaluated. | |
| 1573 | |
| 1574 * You can use M-x load-file to have Emacs evaluate all the Lisp forms in | |
| 1575 a file. (To do this from Lisp use the function `load' instead.) | |
| 1576 | |
| 1577 These functions are also used for evaluating Lisp forms: | |
| 1578 | |
| 1579 load-library, eval-region, eval-current-buffer, require, autoload | |
| 1580 | |
| 1581 54: How do I change Emacs's idea of the tab character's length? | |
| 1582 | |
| 1583 Example: (setq default-tab-width 10). | |
| 1584 | |
| 1585 55: How do I insert `>' at the beginning of every line? | |
| 1586 | |
| 1587 Type "M-x replace-regexp RET ^ RET > RET". | |
| 1588 | |
| 1589 To do this only in the region, type "C-x n M-x replace-regexp RET ^ RET | |
| 1590 > RET C-x w". | |
| 1591 | |
| 1592 WARNING: The command narrow-to-region (C-x n) is disabled by default | |
| 1593 because it can be very confusing (ie., "Oh no! Where did my file go?"). | |
| 1594 | |
| 1595 56: How do I insert `_^H' before each character in a paragraph to get an | |
| 1596 underlined paragraph? | |
| 1597 | |
| 1598 M-x underline-region. | |
| 1599 | |
| 1600 57: How do I repeat a command as many times as possible? | |
| 1601 | |
| 1602 Use "C-x (" and "C-x )" to make a keyboard macro that invokes the command | |
| 1603 and then type "M-0 C-x e". | |
| 1604 | |
| 1605 WARNING: any messages your command prints in the echo area will be | |
| 1606 suppressed. | |
| 1607 | |
| 1608 58: How do I make Emacs behave like this: when I go up or down, the cursor | |
| 1609 should stay in the same column even if the line is too short? | |
| 1610 | |
| 1611 M-x picture-mode. (This is a minor mode, in theory anyway ...) | |
| 1612 | |
| 1613 59: How do I tell Emacs to iconify itself? | |
| 1614 | |
| 1615 You need to modify C source and recompile. Either that or get Epoch or | |
| 1616 Lucid Emacs instead. Patches have been written by Robert Forsman | |
| 1617 <thoth@reef.cis.ufl.edu> and Johan Vromans <jv@mh.nl> to allow Emacs to | |
| 1618 iconify itself and by Matt Wette <mwette@mr-ed.jpl.nasa.gov> and | |
| 1619 Manavendra K. Thakur <thakur@zerkalo.harvard.edu> (for 18.57, plus icon | |
| 1620 geometry) to allow Emacs to start up iconified. I don't know which of | |
| 1621 these patches work together. | |
| 1622 | |
| 1623 Anonymous FTP: | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1624 /csi.jpl.nasa.gov:pub/emax.patch1 (Matt Wette) |
| 1736 | 1625 /ftp.eu.net:gnu/emacs/FP-Xfun.Z (Johan Vromans) |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1626 /ftp.urc.tue.nl:/pub/tex/emacs/FP-Xfun (Johan Vromans) |
| 1736 | 1627 |
| 1628 60: How do I use regexps (regular expressions) in Emacs? | |
| 1629 | |
| 1630 See `Regexps' in the online manual. | |
| 1631 | |
| 1632 WARNING: The "or" operator is `\|', not `|', and the grouping operators | |
| 1633 are `\(' and `\)'. Also, the string syntax for a backslash is "\\". | |
| 1634 Thus, the string syntax for a regular expression like xxx\(foo\|bar\) is | |
| 1635 "xxx\\(foo\\|bar\\)". Notice the duplicated backslashes! | |
| 1636 | |
| 1637 WARNING: Unlike in Unix grep, sed, etc., a complement character set | |
| 1638 ([^...]) can match a newline character (LFD aka C-j aka \n), unless | |
| 1639 newline is mentioned as one of the characters not to match. | |
| 1640 | |
| 1641 WARNING: The character syntax regexps (eg. `\sw') are not meaningful | |
| 1642 inside character set regexps (eg. `[aeiou]'). (This is actually typical | |
| 1643 for regexp syntax.) | |
| 1644 | |
| 1645 61: How do I perform a replace operation across more than one file? | |
| 1646 | |
| 1647 The "tags" feature of Emacs includes the command tags-query-replace which | |
| 1648 performs a query-replace across all the files mentioned in the TAGS file. | |
| 1649 See `Tags:Tags Search' in the online manual. | |
| 1650 | |
| 1651 In addition, Martin Boyer has written a package named global-replace which | |
| 1652 will perform a query-replace across all the files mentioned in the | |
| 1653 *compilation* buffer (usually done after a `grep'), which is available via | |
| 1654 anonymous FTP: | |
| 1655 | |
| 1656 /ireq-robot.hydro.qc.ca:pub/emacs/lisp/compile.el.Z | |
| 1657 /ireq-robot.hydro.qc.ca:pub/emacs/lisp/global-replace.el.Z | |
| 1658 /ireq-robot.hydro.qc.ca:pub/emacs/lisp/query.el.Z | |
| 1659 | |
| 1660 62: Where is the documentation for `etags'? | |
| 1661 | |
| 1662 `etags' takes options just like a prior version of ctags, so your ctags | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1663 manual (if any) may be useful. Eoin Woods, in comp.emacs, writes the ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1664 following: ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1665 ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1666 From reading the source (!) the way I use it is: ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1667 ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1668 for f in `find <args>` ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1669 do ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1670 etags -at -f ETAGS $f ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1671 done ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1672 ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1673 The "-t" option means to create tags for typedefs as well as functions. ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1674 The "-a" option tells it to append to the output file. If you have a ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1675 small number of files (up to a few hundred I think) you can use it ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1676 direct as: ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1677 ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1678 etags -f ETAGS file1 file2 file3 ... filen ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1679 ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1680 The option list is: ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1681 ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1682 -f file - Specify the output file name (Default is "TAGS") ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1683 -a - Append to the output file. (Default is to rewrite it) ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1684 -t - Create tags for typedefs (default is just functions) ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1685 -u - Update the output file. Do not re-create it. ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1686 -w - Suppress warnings ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1687 -v - Create vgrind style indexed output (What is vgrind??) ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1688 -x - Create cxref style output (default is Emacs Tags) ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1689 -e - Emacs tags style output (the default the way I ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1690 compile it) ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1691 ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1692 Having got it working, it works fine! ! |
| 1736 | 1693 |
| 1694 | |
| 1695 | |
| 1696 Bugs/Problems | |
| 1697 | |
| 1698 63: Does Emacs have problems with files larger than 8 megabytes? | |
| 1699 | |
| 1700 Most installed versions of GNU Emacs will use 24-bit signed integers (and | |
| 1701 24-bit pointers) internally. This limits the file size that Emacs can | |
| 1702 handle to 8,388,607 bytes (2^23 - 1). | |
| 1703 | |
| 1704 Leonard N. Zubkoff <lnz@lucid.com> suggests putting the following two | |
| 1705 lines in src/config.h before compiling Emacs to allow for 26-bit integers | |
| 1706 and pointers (and thus filesizes of up to 33,554,431 bytes): | |
| 1707 | |
| 1708 #define VALBITS 26 | |
| 1709 #define GCTYPEBITS 5 | |
| 1710 | |
| 1711 WARNING: This method may result in `ILLEGAL DATATYPE' and other random | |
| 1712 errors on some machines. | |
| 1713 | |
| 1714 David Gillespie <daveg@csvax.cs.caltech.edu> gives an explanation of why | |
| 1715 Emacs uses 24 bit integers and pointers: | |
| 1716 | |
| 1717 Emacs is largely written in a dialect of Lisp; Lisp is a freely-typed | |
| 1718 language in the sense that you can put any value of any type into any | |
| 1719 variable, or return it from a function, and so on. So each value must | |
| 1720 carry a "tag" along with it identifying what kind of thing it is, eg., | |
| 1721 integer, pointer to a list, pointer to an editing buffer, and so on. | |
| 1722 Emacs uses standard 32-bit integers for data objects, taking the top 8 | |
| 1723 bits for the tag and the bottom 24 bits for the value. So integers (and | |
| 1724 pointers) are somewhat restricted compared to true C integers and | |
| 1725 pointers. | |
| 1726 | |
| 1727 Emacs uses 8-bit tags because that's a little faster on byte-oriented | |
| 1728 machines, but there are only really enough tags to require 6 bits. | |
| 1729 | |
| 1730 64: Why can't Emacs find files in current directory on startup? | |
| 1731 | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1732 The PWD bug has been fixed as of GNU Emacs 18.59. Read on if you are |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1733 running an older version of Emacs. |
| 1736 | 1734 |
| 1735 Most likely, you have an environment variable named PWD that is set to a | |
| 1736 value other than the name of your current directory. This is most | |
| 1737 likely caused by using two different shell programs. `ksh' and (some | |
| 1738 versions of) `csh' set and maintain the value of the PWD environment | |
| 1739 variable, but `sh' doesn't. If you start sh from ksh, change your | |
| 1740 current directory inside sh, and then start Emacs from inside sh, PWD | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1741 will have the wrong value but Emacs will use this value. An invalid |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1742 setting for PWD can also be a problem if you use X Windows and csh on an |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
1743 RS/6000. See the etc/OPTIONS file for more details. |
| 1736 | 1744 |
| 1745 Perhaps an easier solution is not to use two shells. The `chsh' program | |
| 1746 can often be used to change one's default login shell. | |
| 1747 | |
| 1748 You may have PWD set for other reasons. Another possibility is that you | |
| 1749 are setting default-directory from your .emacs file. | |
| 1750 | |
| 1751 Here is a fix by Jim Blandy <jimb@occs.cs.oberlin.edu>: | |
| 1752 | |
| 1753 >--- emacs/jjj/emacs-18.58/lisp/startup.el Tue Jan 15 23:19:04 1991 | |
| 1754 >+++ startup.el Mon Apr 20 00:21:01 1992 | |
| 1755 >@@ -81,5 +81,7 @@ | |
| 1756 > ;; In presence of symlinks, switch to cleaner form of default directory. | |
| 1757 > (if (and (not (eq system-type 'vax-vms)) | |
| 1758 >- (getenv "PWD")) | |
| 1759 >+ (getenv "PWD") | |
| 1760 >+ (equal (nthcdr 10 (file-attributes default-directory)) | |
| 1761 >+ (nthcdr 10 (file-attributes (getenv "PWD"))))) | |
| 1762 > (setq default-directory (file-name-as-directory (getenv "PWD")))) | |
| 1763 > (unwind-protect | |
| 1764 | |
| 1765 65: How do I get rid of the ^M junk in my Shell buffer? | |
| 1766 | |
| 1767 For tcsh, put this in your `.cshrc' (or `.tcshrc') file: | |
| 1768 | |
| 1769 if ($?EMACS) then | |
| 1770 if ("$EMACS" == t) then | |
| 1771 if ($?tcsh) unset edit | |
| 1772 stty nl | |
| 1773 endif | |
| 1774 endif | |
| 1775 | |
| 1776 Or put this in your .emacs_tcsh file: | |
| 1777 | |
| 1778 unset edit | |
| 1779 stty nl | |
| 1780 | |
| 1781 Alternatively, use csh in your Shell buffers instead of tcsh. One way | |
| 1782 is: | |
| 1783 | |
| 1784 (setq explicit-shell-file-name "/bin/csh") | |
| 1785 | |
| 1786 and another is to do this in your .cshrc (or .tcshrc) file: | |
| 1787 | |
| 1788 setenv ESHELL /bin/csh | |
| 1789 | |
| 1790 (You must start Emacs over again with the environment variable properly | |
| 1791 set for this to take effect.) | |
| 1792 | |
| 1793 66: Why do I get `Process shell exited abnormally with code 1'? | |
| 1794 | |
| 1795 The most likely reason for this message is that the `env' program is not | |
| 1796 properly installed. This program should be compiled (for the correct | |
| 1797 architecture!) and installed with execute permission for everyone in | |
| 1798 Emacs's program directory, which is normally /usr/local/emacs/etc. You | |
| 1799 can find what this directory is at your site by inspecting the value of | |
| 1800 the variable exec-directory by typing "C-h v exec-directory RET". `env' | |
| 1801 should also be for the correct architecture (check using `file' command). | |
| 1802 | |
| 1803 You should also check for other programs named `env' in your path (eg., | |
| 1804 SunOS has a program named /usr/bin/env). I don't understand why this can | |
| 1805 cause a failure and I don't know a general solution for working around the | |
| 1806 problem in this case. | |
| 1807 | |
| 1808 The `make clean' command will remove `env' and other vital programs, so be | |
| 1809 careful when using it. | |
| 1810 | |
| 1811 It has been reported that this sometimes happened when Emacs was started | |
| 1812 as an X client from an xterm window (ie. had a controlling tty) but the | |
| 1813 xterm was later terminated. | |
| 1814 | |
| 1815 See also etc/PROBLEMS for other possible causes of this message. | |
| 1816 | |
| 1817 67: Why can't I cut from Emacs and paste in other X programs? | |
| 1818 | |
| 1819 Emacs stores things you "cut" in the X "cut buffers". It also pastes from | |
| 1820 the cut buffer `CUT_BUFFER0'. This is obsolete. Most modern X programs | |
| 1821 now expect to work with "selections" instead of cut buffers, although some | |
| 1822 like `xterm' will try to use the cut buffers if the selection is null. | |
| 1823 | |
| 1824 Emacs 18.58 contains a "fix" that makes xterm work by default. This | |
| 1825 "fix" is that Emacs clears the `PRIMARY' selection when it stores | |
| 1826 something in the cut buffer. By making the selection null, xterm will | |
| 1827 then fetch from the cut buffer when you try to paste. | |
| 1828 | |
| 1829 For versions of Emacs prior to 18.58, you can make pasting from Emacs into | |
| 1830 xterm work with the following X resources: | |
| 1831 | |
| 1832 ! Solution by Thomas Narten, should work under X11R3 and later GNU | |
| 1833 ! Emacs only copies to CUT_BUFFER0. xterm by default wants to paste | |
| 1834 ! from the PRIMARY selection. | |
| 1835 XTerm*VT100.Translations: #override \ | |
| 1836 ~Meta <Btn2Up>: insert-selection(CUT_BUFFER0,PRIMARY) | |
| 1837 | |
| 1838 You may have problems copying between Emacs and programs other than xterm | |
| 1839 that won't store cut text in the cut buffers or look in the cut buffers | |
| 1840 for text to paste (for backwards compatibility with obsolete applications | |
| 1841 like Emacs :-). The best workaround is to use the `xcutsel' program as an | |
| 1842 intermediary. | |
| 1843 | |
| 1844 This problem does not exist for Epoch or Lucid Emacs. | |
| 1845 | |
| 1846 68: Where is the termcap/terminfo entry for terminal type `emacs'? | |
| 1847 | |
| 1848 The termcap entry for terminal type `emacs' is ordinarily put in the | |
| 1849 TERMCAP environment variable of subshells. It may help in certain | |
| 1850 situations (eg., using rlogin from shell buffer) to add an entry for | |
| 1851 `emacs' to the system-wide termcap file. Here is a correct termcap entry | |
| 1852 for `emacs': | |
| 1853 | |
| 1854 emacs:tc=unknown: | |
| 1855 | |
| 1856 To make a terminfo entry for `emacs', use `tic' or `captoinfo'. You need | |
| 1857 to generate /usr/lib/terminfo/e/emacs. It may work to simply copy | |
| 1858 /usr/lib/terminfo/d/dumb to /usr/lib/terminfo/e/emacs. | |
| 1859 | |
| 1860 Having a termcap/terminfo entry will not enable the use of full screen | |
| 1861 programs in shell buffers. Use M-x terminal-emulator for that instead. | |
| 1862 | |
| 1863 A workaround to the problem of missing termcap/terminfo entries is to | |
| 1864 change terminal type `emacs' to type `dumb' or `unknown' in your shell | |
| 1865 start up file. `csh' users could put this in their .cshrc files: | |
| 1866 | |
| 1867 if ("$term" == emacs) set term=dumb | |
| 1868 | |
| 1869 69: Why does Emacs spontaneously start displaying `I-search:' and beeping? | |
| 1870 | |
| 1871 Your terminal (or something between your terminal and the computer) is | |
| 1872 sending C-s and C-q for flow control, and Emacs is receiving these | |
| 1873 characters and interpreting them as commands. (The C-s character normally | |
| 1874 invokes the isearch-forward command.) For possible solutions, see | |
| 1875 question 131. | |
| 1876 | |
| 1877 70: Why can't Emacs talk to certain hosts (or certain hostnames)? | |
| 1878 | |
| 1879 The problem may be that Emacs is linked with a wimpier version of | |
| 1880 gethostbyname than the rest of the programs on the machine. This is often | |
| 1881 manifested as a message on startup of `X server not responding. Check | |
| 1882 your DISPLAY environment variable.' or a message of `Unknown host' from | |
| 1883 open-network-stream. | |
| 1884 | |
| 1885 On a Sun, this may be because Emacs had to be linked with the static C | |
| 1886 library. The version of gethostbyname in the static C library may only | |
| 1887 look in /etc/hosts and the NIS (YP) maps, while the version in the dynamic | |
| 1888 C library may be smart enough to check DNS in addition to or instead of | |
| 1889 NIS. On a Motorola Delta running System V R3.6, the version of | |
| 1890 gethosbyname in the standard library works, but the one that works with | |
| 1891 NIS doesn't (the one you get with -linet). Other operating systems have | |
| 1892 similar problems. | |
| 1893 | |
| 1894 Try these options: | |
| 1895 | |
| 1896 * Explicitly add the host you want to communicate with to /etc/hosts. | |
| 1897 | |
| 1898 * Relink Emacs with this line in src/config.h: | |
| 1899 | |
| 1900 #define LIBS_SYSTEM -lresolv | |
| 1901 | |
| 1902 * Replace gethostbyname and friends in libc.a with more useful versions | |
| 1903 such as the ones in libresolv.a. Then relink Emacs. | |
| 1904 | |
| 1905 * If you are actually running NIS, make sure that `ypbind' is properly | |
| 1906 told to do DNS lookups with the correct command line switch. | |
| 1907 | |
| 1908 * Use tcp.el and tcp.c from GNUS. This has the additional advantage that | |
| 1909 you can use numeric IP addresses instead of names. open-network-stream | |
| 1910 currently can't handle numeric addresses. Brian Thomson | |
| 1911 <thomson@hub.toronto.edu> has a enhancement to open-network-stream to | |
| 1912 allow it to handle numeric addresses. | |
| 1913 | |
| 1914 71: Why does Emacs say `Error in init file'? | |
| 1915 | |
| 1916 An error occurred while loading either your .emacs file or the system-wide | |
| 1917 lisp/default.el file. For information on how to debug your .emacs file, | |
| 1918 see question 29. | |
| 1919 | |
| 1920 It may be the case that you may need to load some package first, or use a | |
| 1921 hook that will be evaluated after the package is loaded. A common case of | |
| 1922 this is explained in question 127. | |
| 1923 | |
| 1924 72: Why does Emacs ignore my X resources (my .Xdefaults file)? | |
| 1925 | |
| 1926 * Try compiling Emacs with the XBACKWARDS macro defined. There is a bug | |
| 1927 in some implementations of XGetDefault, which do not correspond to the | |
| 1928 documentation or the header files. | |
| 1929 | |
| 1930 * Make sure you are either using the class name of `Emacs' (oops, | |
| 1931 apparently this is buggy in Emacs 18.58!) or the correct instance name. | |
| 1932 The instance name is normally the same as the name of the file Emacs is | |
| 1933 in (ie., the last part of argv[0]), but this can be overridden by -rn | |
| 1934 command line option or the WM_RES_NAME environment variable. | |
| 1935 | |
| 1936 WARNING: Reports say using the class name fails in Emacs 18.58. | |
| 1937 | |
| 1938 WARNING: The advice the man page gives to use `emacs' is often wrong. | |
| 1939 | |
| 1940 WARNING: Older versions of Emacs got the class name wrong. | |
| 1941 | |
| 1942 * Emacs currently ignores the -xrm command line argument. | |
| 1943 | |
| 1944 * Emacs does not yet handle X11R5 screen-specific resources. | |
| 1945 | |
| 1946 * Emacs has a bug where it ignores color specifications if running on a | |
| 1947 1-bit display (ie. a non-color display). | |
| 1948 | |
| 1949 * I don't think Emacs will use either of the application-specific resource | |
| 1950 files. Thus these environment variables don't affect it: XAPPLRESDIR, | |
| 1951 XUSERFILESEARCHPATH, XFILESEARCHPATH. {Correct?} | |
| 1952 | |
| 1953 73: Why does Emacs take 20 seconds to visit a file? | |
| 1954 | |
| 1955 The usual cause is that the master lock file, `!!!SuperLock!!!' has been | |
| 1956 left in the lock directory somehow. Delete it. | |
| 1957 | |
| 1958 Mark Meuer <meuer@geom.umn.edu> says that NeXT NFS has a bug where an | |
| 1959 exclusive create succeeds but returns an error status. This can cause the | |
| 1960 same problem. Since Emacs's file locking doesn't work over NFS anyway, | |
| 1961 the best solution is to recompile Emacs with CLASH_DETECTION undefined. | |
| 1962 | |
| 1963 74: How do I edit a file with a `$' in its name? | |
| 1964 | |
| 1965 When entering a filename in the minibuffer, Emacs will attempt to expand | |
| 1966 a `$' followed by a word as an environment variable. To suppress this | |
| 1967 behavior, type "$$" instead. | |
| 1968 | |
| 1969 75: Why does Shell mode lose track of the shell's current directory? | |
| 1970 | |
| 1971 Emacs has no way of knowing when the shell actually changes its directory. | |
| 1972 This is an intrinsic limitation of Unix. So it tries to guess by | |
| 1973 recognizing `cd' commands. If you type `cd' followed by a directory name | |
| 1974 with a variable reference (`cd $HOME/bin') or with a shell metacharacter | |
| 1975 (`cd ../lib*'), Emacs will fail to correctly guess the shell's new current | |
| 1976 directory. A huge variety of fixes and enhancements to Shell mode for | |
| 1977 this problem have been written to handle this problem. Check the Lisp | |
| 1978 Code Directory (see question 88). | |
| 1979 | |
| 1980 76: Why doesn't my change to load-path work? | |
| 1981 | |
| 1982 If you added a directory name containing a tilde (~) to your load-path, | |
| 1983 expecting the tilde to be interpreted as your home directory, then you | |
| 1984 need to do something like this: | |
| 1985 | |
| 1986 (setq load-path (mapcar 'expand-file-name load-path)) | |
| 1987 | |
| 1988 77: Why does the cursor always go to the wrong column when I move up or | |
| 1989 down one line? | |
| 1990 | |
| 1991 You have inadvertently typed "C-x C-n" (set-goal-column) which sets the | |
| 1992 "goal column" to the column where the cursor was. To undo this type | |
| 1993 "C-u C-x C-n". | |
| 1994 | |
| 1995 If you make this mistake frequently, you might want to unbind or disable | |
| 1996 this command by doing one of these two: | |
| 1997 | |
| 1998 (define-key ctl-x-map "\C-n" nil) | |
| 1999 (put 'set-goal-column 'disabled t) | |
| 2000 | |
| 2001 78: Why does Emacs hang with message `Unknown XMenu error' with X11R4? | |
| 2002 | |
| 2003 Many different X errors can produce this message. Here is the solution | |
| 2004 to one problem: | |
| 2005 | |
| 2006 X11 Release 4 (and later, including OpenWindows) enforces some conditions | |
| 2007 in the X protocol that were previously allowed to pass unnoticed. You | |
| 2008 need to put the X11R4 server into X11R3 bug compatibility mode for Emacs's | |
| 2009 Xmenu code to work. You can do this with the command `xset bc'. | |
| 2010 | |
| 2011 79: Why doesn't display-time show the load average in the mode line | |
| 2012 anymore? | |
| 2013 | |
| 2014 In GNU Emacs 18.56, a change was made in the display-time code. | |
| 2015 Formerly, in version 18.55, Emacs used a program named `loadst' to | |
| 2016 notify Emacs of the change in time every minute. loadst also sent Emacs | |
| 2017 the system load average if it was installed with sufficient privilege to | |
| 2018 get that information (or was on a system where no such privilege was | |
| 2019 needed). Emacs then displayed this information in the mode line. | |
| 2020 | |
| 2021 In version 18.56, this code was changed to use a program named `wakeup'. | |
| 2022 wakeup doesn't send Emacs any information, it's only purpose is to send | |
| 2023 Emacs *something* every minute, thus invoking the filter function in | |
| 2024 Emacs once a minute. The filter function in Emacs does all the work of | |
| 2025 finding the time, date, and load average. However, getting the load | |
| 2026 average requires the privilege to read kernel memory on most systems. | |
| 2027 Since giving Emacs this privilege would destroy any security a system | |
| 2028 might have, for almost everyone this is not an option. In addition, | |
| 2029 Emacs does not have the code built into it to get this information on | |
| 2030 the systems which have special system calls for this purpose, even | |
| 2031 though loadst had code for this. | |
| 2032 | |
| 2033 The solution I use is to get the files lisp/display-time.el and | |
| 2034 etc/loadst.c from version 18.55 and use those with 18.58. (I have heard | |
| 2035 a rumor that loadst disappeared because of the legal action Unipress | |
| 2036 threatened against IBM.) | |
| 2037 | |
| 2038 WARNING: Do not install Emacs setgid kmem unless you wish to destroy | |
| 2039 any security your system might have!!!!!!!!!! | |
| 2040 | |
| 2041 If you are using Emacs 18.55 or earlier, or already using the solution I | |
| 2042 describe above, read further: | |
| 2043 | |
| 2044 The most likely cause of the problem is that `loadst' can't read the | |
| 2045 special file /dev/kmem. To properly install loadst, it should be either | |
| 2046 setuid to the owner of /dev/kmem, or is should be setgid to the group to | |
| 2047 which /dev/kmem belongs. In either case, /dev/kmem should be readable by | |
| 2048 its owner or its group, respectively. Assuming the existence of a group | |
| 2049 named `kmem', here is an example of how to do this: | |
| 2050 | |
| 2051 chgrp kmem /dev/kmem | |
| 2052 chmod g+r /dev/kmem | |
| 2053 chgrp kmem /usr/local/emacs/etc/loadst | |
| 2054 chmod g+s /usr/local/emacs/etc/loadst | |
| 2055 | |
| 2056 Another possibility is that your version of Unix doesn't have the load | |
| 2057 average data available in /dev/kmem. Your version of Unix might have a | |
| 2058 special system call to retrieve this information (eg., inq_stats under | |
| 2059 UMAX), and loadst might not have been enhanced to cope with this. | |
| 2060 | |
| 2061 80: Why does ispell sometimes ignore the local dictionary? | |
| 2062 | |
| 2063 You need to update the version of Ispell to 2.0.02. (Or you can switch to | |
| 2064 version 3.0 which is still in beta-testing.) A patch is available via | |
| 2065 anonymous FTP: | |
| 2066 | |
| 2067 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/ispell/patch2.Z | |
| 2068 | |
| 2069 You also need to change a line in ispell.el from: | |
| 2070 | |
| 2071 (defconst ispell-version "2.0.01") ; Check against output of "ispell -v". | |
| 2072 | |
| 2073 to: | |
| 2074 | |
| 2075 (defconst ispell-version "2.0.02") ; Check against output of "ispell -v". | |
| 2076 | |
| 2077 81: Why does Ispell treat each line as a single word? | |
| 2078 | |
| 2079 Ispell expects to get its input one word per line. The ispell filter, | |
| 2080 which is specified by the variables ispell-filter-hook and | |
| 2081 ispell-filter-hook-args, should output at most one word per line. | |
| 2082 | |
| 2083 82: Are there any security risks in GNU Emacs? | |
| 2084 | |
| 2085 * the `movemail' incident (No, this is not a risk.) | |
| 2086 | |
| 2087 Cliff Stoll in his book `The Cuckoo's Egg' describes this in chapter 4. | |
| 2088 The site at LBL had installed the `etc/movemail' program setuid root. | |
| 2089 Since `movemail' had not been designed for this situation, a security | |
| 2090 hole was created and users could get root priveleges. | |
| 2091 | |
| 2092 `movemail' has since been changed so that even if it is installed setuid | |
| 2093 root this security hole will not be a result. | |
| 2094 | |
| 2095 I have heard unverified reports that the Internet worm took advantage of | |
| 2096 this configuration problem. | |
| 2097 | |
| 2098 * the file-local-variable feature (Yes, a risk, but easy to change.) | |
| 2099 | |
| 2100 There is an Emacs feature that allows the setting of local values for | |
| 2101 variables when editing a file by including specially formatted text near | |
| 2102 the end of the file. This feature also includes the ability to have | |
| 2103 arbitrary Emacs Lisp code evaluated when the file is visited. | |
| 2104 Obviously, there is a potential for Trojan horses to exploit this | |
| 2105 feature. | |
| 2106 | |
| 2107 If you set the variable inhibit-local-variables to a non-nil value, | |
| 2108 Emacs will display the special local variable settings of a file that | |
| 2109 you visit and ask you if you really want them. This variable is not | |
| 2110 mentioned in the manual. | |
| 2111 | |
| 2112 It is wise to do this in lisp/site-init.el before building Emacs: | |
| 2113 | |
| 2114 (setq inhibit-local-variables t) | |
| 2115 | |
| 2116 If Emacs has already been built, the expression can be put in | |
| 2117 lisp/default.el instead, or an individual can put it in their own .emacs | |
| 2118 file. | |
| 2119 | |
| 2120 The ability to exploit this feature by sending e-mail to an RMAIL user | |
| 2121 was fixed sometime after Emacs 18.52. However, any new package that | |
| 2122 uses find-file or find-file-noselect has to be careful about this. | |
| 2123 | |
| 2124 For more information, see `File Variables' in the online manual (which, | |
| 2125 incidentally, does not describe how to disable the feature). | |
| 2126 | |
| 2127 There is a new variable in Emacs 18.58 named ignore-local-eval which | |
| 2128 turns out to be useless as currently implemented. Ignore it. | |
| 2129 | |
| 2130 * synthetic X events (Yes, a risk, use MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 or better.) | |
| 2131 | |
| 2132 Emacs accepts synthetic X events generated by the SendEvent request as | |
| 2133 though they were regular events. As a result, if you are using the | |
| 2134 trivial host-based authentication, other users who can open X | |
| 2135 connections to your X workstatation can make your Emacs process do | |
| 2136 anything, including run other processes with your priveleges. | |
| 2137 | |
| 2138 The only fix for this is to prevent other users from being able to open | |
| 2139 X connections. The standard way to prevent this is to use a real | |
| 2140 authentication mechanism, such as MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1. If using the | |
| 2141 `xauth' program has any effect, then you are probably using | |
| 2142 MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1. Your site may be using a superior authentication | |
| 2143 method; ask your system administrator. | |
| 2144 | |
| 2145 If real authentication is not a possibility, you may be satisfied by | |
| 2146 just allowing hosts access for brief intervals while you start your X | |
| 2147 programs, then removing the access. This reduces the risk somewhat by | |
| 2148 narrowing the time window when hostile users would have access, but DOES | |
| 2149 NOT ELIMINATE THE RISK. | |
| 2150 | |
| 2151 Lucid GNU Emacs does not accept synthetic X events unless you set a | |
| 2152 variable. | |
| 2153 | |
| 2154 * autosave file permissions (Yes, a risk, hard to work around.) | |
| 2155 | |
| 2156 The file permissions for autosave files are determined solely by the | |
| 2157 Emacs process's `umask' value. The permissions of the file being | |
| 2158 autosaved are not used. The easiest workaround is to keep sensitive | |
| 2159 files in protected directories. Sebastian Kremer has written an | |
| 2160 enhanced version of the autosave file name picking code that can avoid | |
| 2161 this problem by keeping autosave files in a protected directory. {FTP | |
| 2162 information please?} This problem will be fixed in Emacs 19. | |
| 2163 | |
| 2164 | |
| 2165 | |
| 2166 Difficulties Building/Installing/Porting Emacs | |
| 2167 | |
| 2168 83: What should I do if I have trouble building Emacs? | |
| 2169 | |
| 2170 First look in the file etc/PROBLEMS to see if there is already a solution | |
| 2171 for your problem. Next check the FAQ (you're reading it). If you don't | |
| 2172 find a solution, then report your problem via e-mail to | |
| 2173 bug-gnu-emacs@prep.ai.mit.edu. Please do not post it to gnu.emacs.help or | |
| 2174 e-mail it to help-gnu-emacs@prep.ai.mit.edu. For further guidelines, see | |
| 2175 question 8. | |
| 2176 | |
| 2177 84: How do I stop Emacs from failing when the executable is stripped? | |
| 2178 | |
| 2179 Don't do that. | |
| 2180 | |
| 2181 This problem has been reported on SGI Indigo machines running Irix 4.0.* | |
| 2182 and RS/6000 machines. Scott Henry <scotth@hoshi.corp.SGi.COM> posted a | |
| 2183 patch that fixes the problem for Irix. | |
| 2184 | |
| 2185 85: Why does linking Emacs with -lX11 fail? | |
| 2186 | |
| 2187 Emacs needs to be linked with the static version of the X11 library, | |
| 2188 libX11.a. This may be missing. | |
| 2189 | |
| 2190 Under OpenWindows, you may need to use `add_services' to add the | |
| 2191 `OpenWindows Programmers' optional software category from the CD-ROM. | |
| 2192 | |
| 2193 Under HP-UX 8.0, you may need to run `update' again to load the | |
| 2194 X11-PRG `fileset'. This may be missing even if you specified `all | |
| 2195 filesets' the first time. If libcurses.a is missing, you may need to load | |
| 2196 the `Berkeley Development Option' {???}. | |
| 2197 | |
| 2198 If you are building the MIT X11 sources, you may need to modify your | |
| 2199 `site.cf' file to get static versions of the libraries. (Info from David | |
| 2200 Zuhn <zoo@cygnus.com>.) | |
| 2201 | |
| 2202 Other systems may have similar problems. You can always define | |
| 2203 CANNOT_DUMP and link with the shared libraries instead. | |
| 2204 | |
| 2205 To get the Xmenu stuff to work, you need to find a copy of MIT's | |
| 2206 liboldX.a. | |
| 2207 | |
| 2208 86: Why does Emacs 18.55 say `Fatal error (6).Abort' under SunOS 4.1? | |
| 2209 | |
| 2210 I had hoped this question would go away after Emacs 18.57 was released, | |
| 2211 but people continue to compile 18.55. Easiest solution: upgrade. | |
| 2212 | |
| 2213 This is a result of the SunOS localtime/tzsetwall malloc bug, which was | |
| 2214 (finally!) fixed in SunOS 4.1.2. If you actually need the full | |
| 2215 explanation, send me e-mail. If you absolutely must compile Emacs 18.55 | |
| 2216 (eg., you are compiling Nemacs), the easiest workaround was to put | |
| 2217 `#define SYSTEM_MALLOC' in src/config.h. | |
| 2218 | |
| 2219 | |
| 2220 | |
| 2221 GNU Emacs FAQ: Getting Emacs/Packages | |
| 2222 | |
| 2223 If you are viewing this text in a GNU Emacs Buffer, you can type "M-2 C-x $" to | |
| 2224 get an overview of just the questions. Then, when you want to look at the text | |
| 2225 of the answers, just type "C-x $". | |
| 2226 | |
| 2227 To search for a question numbered XXX, type "M-C-s ^XXX:", followed by a C-r if | |
| 2228 that doesn't work, then type ESC to end the search. | |
| 2229 | |
| 2230 A `+' in the 78th column means something was inserted on the line. A `-' means | |
| 2231 something was deleted and a `!' means some combination of insertions and | |
| 2232 deletions occurred. | |
| 2233 | |
| 2234 Full instructions for getting the latest FAQ are in question 22. Also see the | |
| 2235 `Introduction to news.answers' posting in the `news.answers' newsgroup, or send | |
| 2236 e-mail to `mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu' with `help' on a body line, or use FTP, | |
| 2237 WAIS, or Prospero to rtfm.mit.edu. | |
| 2238 | |
| 2239 | |
| 2240 | |
| 2241 Finding/Getting Emacs and Related Packages | |
| 2242 | |
| 2243 87: Where can I get GNU Emacs on the net (or by snail mail)? | |
| 2244 | |
| 2245 Look in the files etc/DISTRIB and etc/FTP for information on nearby | |
| 2246 archive sites. If you don't already have GNU Emacs, see question 20 | |
| 2247 for how to get these two files. | |
| 2248 | |
| 2249 The latest version is always available via anonymous FTP at MIT: | |
| 2250 | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2251 /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/emacs-18.59.tar.Z |
| 1736 | 2252 |
| 2253 See question 91. | |
| 2254 | |
| 2255 88: How do I find a GNU Emacs Lisp package that does XXX? | |
| 2256 | |
| 2257 A listing of Emacs Lisp packages, called the Lisp Code Directory, is being | |
| 2258 maintained by Dave Brennan <brennan@hal.com> and Dave Sill <de5@ornl.gov>. | |
| 2259 You can search through this list to find if someone has written something | |
| 2260 that fits your needs. | |
| 2261 | |
| 2262 This list is file LCD-datafile.Z in the Emacs Lisp Archive. (See | |
| 2263 question 89 for methods for getting this file.) The files lispdir.el.Z | |
| 2264 and lispdir.doc.Z in the archive contain information to help you use the | |
| 2265 list. Once you have installed lispdir.el and LCD-datafile, then you can | |
| 2266 use the "M-x lisp-dir-apropos" command to look things up in the database. | |
| 2267 For example, the command "M-x lisp-dir-apropos RET ange-ftp RET" produces | |
| 2268 this (outdated) output: | |
| 2269 | |
| 2270 GNU Emacs Lisp Code Apropos -- "ange-ftp" | |
| 2271 | |
| 2272 ange-ftp (3.112) 91-08-12 | |
| 2273 Andy Norman, <ange@hplb.hpl.hp.com> | |
| 2274 archive.cis.ohio-state.edu: | |
| 2275 /pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/as-is/ange-ftp.el.Z | |
| 2276 transparent FTP Support for GNU Emacs | |
| 2277 | |
| 2278 89: Where can I get GNU Emacs Lisp packages that don't come with Emacs? | |
| 2279 | |
| 2280 First, check the Lisp Code Directory to find the name of the package you | |
| 2281 are looking for. (See question 88). Then check local archives and | |
| 2282 the Emacs Lisp Archive to find a copy of the relevant files. Then, if | |
| 2283 you still haven't found it, you can send e-mail to the author asking for | |
| 2284 a copy. | |
| 2285 | |
| 2286 You can access the Emacs Lisp Archive via anonymous FTP: | |
| 2287 | |
| 2288 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/ | |
| 2289 | |
| 2290 Fetch the file README first. | |
| 2291 | |
| 2292 NOTE: The archive maintainers do not have time to answer individual | |
| 2293 requests for packages or the list of packages in the archive. If you | |
| 2294 cannot use FTP or UUCP to access the archive yourself, try to find a | |
| 2295 friend who can, but please don't ask the maintainers. | |
| 2296 | |
| 2297 NOTE: Any files with names ending in `.Z' are compressed, and you should | |
| 2298 use `binary' mode in FTP to retrieve them. You should also use binary | |
| 2299 mode whenever you retrieve any files with names ending in `.elc'. | |
| 2300 | |
| 2301 90: How do I submit code to the Emacs Lisp Archive? | |
| 2302 | |
| 2303 Submissions should be mailed to elisp-archive@cis.ohio-state.edu. The | |
| 2304 lispdir.el package has a function named submit-lcd-entry which will help | |
| 2305 you with this. Mail messages (submissions) are automatically saved and | |
| 2306 periodically archived. Urgent mail may be sent directly to Dave Sill | |
| 2307 <de5@ornl.gov> or Dave Brennan <brennan@hal.com> or should contain the | |
| 2308 string `urgent' in the subject. The incoming ftp directory is no longer | |
| 2309 available at the request of Ohio State. {Is this still true?} | |
| 2310 | |
| 2311 However, if someone has a submission with multiple files (which would be | |
| 2312 archived as a tar file) or binary files, then FTP transfer is preferred | |
| 2313 and can be arranged via an anonymous FTP site. This is faster than | |
| 2314 uudecoding, unsharing, etc., and re-packaging files. | |
| 2315 | |
| 2316 Before submitting anything, please read the file guidelines.Z, which is | |
| 2317 available in the archive. Whenever possible, submissions should contain a | |
| 2318 complete LCD entry since this helps reduce administrative overhead for the | |
| 2319 maintainers. You can include an entry in this format: | |
| 2320 | |
| 2321 ;; LCD Archive Entry: | |
| 2322 ;; package name|author's name|email address | |
| 2323 ;; |description | |
| 2324 ;; |date|version|archive path | |
| 2325 | |
| 2326 For example: | |
| 2327 | |
| 2328 ;; LCD Archive Entry: | |
| 2329 ;; tex-complete|Sebastian Kremer|sk@thp.Uni-Koeln.DE | |
| 2330 ;; |Minibuffer name completion for editing [La]TeX. | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2331 ;; |91-03-26|$Revision: 20.5 $|~/packages/tex-complete.el.Z ! |
| 1736 | 2332 |
| 2333 Dave Brennan has software which automatically looks for data in this | |
| 2334 format. The format is fairly flexible. The entry ends when a line is | |
| 2335 reached with a different prefix or the seventh field terminator is | |
| 2336 seen. | |
| 2337 | |
| 2338 If you are submitting a multi-file submission you should include a file | |
| 2339 named "LCD-entry" which contains the archive entry, instead of placing | |
| 2340 it in one or more of the individual files. | |
| 2341 | |
| 2342 91: Where can I get other up-to-date GNU stuff? | |
| 2343 | |
| 2344 The most up-to-date official GNU stuff is normally kept on prep.ai.mit.edu | |
| 2345 and is available for anonymous FTP in the pub/gnu directory. See the | |
| 2346 files etc/DISTRIB and etc/FTP for more information. (To get copies of | |
| 2347 these files, see question 20.) | |
| 2348 | |
| 2349 The following sites are all mirror images of the GNU distribution area: | |
| 2350 | |
| 2351 /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/ | |
| 2352 /ftp.uu.net:packages/gnu/ | |
| 2353 /src.doc.ic.ac.uk:gnu/ (available via FTP, NIFTP, FTAM) | |
| 2354 /ftp.win.tue.nl:pub/gnu/ | |
| 2355 /utsun.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp:ftpsync/prep/ | |
| 2356 /nic.funet.fi:pub/gnu/ | |
| 2357 | |
| 2358 The directory at ftp.uu.net is a mirror of prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu, | |
| 2359 except that files larger than 1 megabyte {right?} are automatically | |
| 2360 split into multiple parts. If you have trouble transferring large | |
| 2361 files, you should try here. A file normally named `XXX' is split into | |
| 2362 files XXX-split/part[0-9][0-9], and there will be a file named | |
| 2363 XXX-split/README which contains the list of parts (especially helpful | |
| 2364 when FTP-ing by e-mail), their checksums, and reassembly instructions. | |
| 2365 Some of the other mirror sites may have the same property. {Can someone | |
| 2366 check this out? Thanks!} | |
| 2367 | |
| 2368 Information was provided by Lee McLoughlin <lmjm@doc.ic.ac.uk>, Jonathan | |
| 2369 R. Ferro <jf41+@ANDREW.CMU.EDU>, Arjan de Vet <devet@win.tue.nl>, and | |
| 2370 Simon Marshall <S.Marshall@sequent.cc.hull.ac.uk>. | |
| 2371 | |
| 2372 92: Where can I get an Emacs with better mouse and X window support? | |
| 134 | 2373 |
| 2374 Emacs 18 has some limited X Window System support, but there are | |
| 2375 problems. Emacs 19 will have amazing mouse and window support. Right | |
| 1736 | 2376 now, there are Epoch which is derived from GNU Emacs 18.58 and Lucid GNU |
| 2377 Emacs which is derived from an early unreleased version of GNU Emacs 19, | |
| 2378 both of which have greatly improved mouse and window support. See | |
| 2379 questions 120 and 121. | |
| 2380 | |
| 2381 The HP unofficial GNU Emacs also has nice mouse support. See question | |
| 2382 95. | |
| 597 | 2383 |
| 2384 There are numerous Emacs Lisp packages that have been written to extend | |
| 2385 Emacs 18's mouse handling capabilities. Some of these packages also have | |
| 1736 | 2386 patches to the C code to provide enhanced capabilities. Look up `mouse' |
| 2387 in the Lisp Code Directory (see question 88). | |
| 2388 | |
| 2389 There is a package called BAM (Born Again Menus) which provides menus for | |
| 2390 GNU Emacs via an external C program. It does not provide mouse support in | |
| 2391 the Emacs window such as scrollbars, cut-and-paste, etc. | |
| 2392 | |
| 2393 NOTE: Epoch only works with the X Window System; it works on ordinary | |
| 2394 terminals by invoking regular GNU Emacs. Lucid Emacs does not currently | |
| 2395 work on ordinary terminals, although there are plans to fix this. | |
| 2396 | |
| 2397 93: What is the difference between GNU Emacs and Epoch? | |
| 2398 | |
| 2399 Marc Andreessen <marca@ncsa.uiuc.edu> writes: | |
| 2400 | |
| 2401 Epoch is GNU Emacs on steroids: an adaptation of GNU Emacs with lots of | |
| 2402 additional support for features made possible by the X11 windowing | |
| 2403 system. These features include multiple editing windows, arbitrary | |
| 2404 colors and fonts (fixed-width and proportional), selectable zones per | |
| 2405 buffer with arbitrary display styles (font, color, underline, stipple, | |
| 2406 pixmap), an optional separate minibuffer window, improved keyboard and | |
| 2407 mouse handling, full 8-bit character set support, and more. | |
| 2408 | |
| 2409 94: What is the difference between GNU Emacs and Lucid GNU Emacs? | |
| 2410 | |
| 2411 This information is condensed from the release notice: | |
| 2412 | |
| 2413 Lucid GNU Emacs is based on an early version of GNU Emacs version 19 | |
| 2414 with many enhancements. It currently requires X Windows to run. For | |
| 2415 information on where to get Lucid GNU Emacs see 121. X Windows support | |
| 2416 is greatly enhanced over GNU Emacs version 18, including support for | |
| 2417 multiple X Windows (a.k.a. screens in Emacs), Zmacs/Lispm style region | |
| 2418 highlighting, a customizable, Motif-like menubar, more powerful keymap | |
| 2419 support (allowing different actions to be associated with Backspace, | |
| 2420 Control-h, etc.), flexible text attribute (e.g. font, color) support on | |
| 2421 regional and screen-local basis through X resources and/or lisp, and | |
| 2422 support for the X11 selection mechanism. Some other features include | |
| 2423 run-time computation of the load-path, support for floating point | |
| 2424 numbers, native timer support, and sound file support on Sun | |
| 2425 SPARCstations. To build Lucid GNU Emacs, an ANSI C compiler (e.g. gcc) | |
| 2426 is required. | |
| 2427 | |
| 2428 95: Where can I get the "unofficial HP GNU Emacs"? | |
| 2429 | |
| 2430 The unofficial HP GNU Emacs is available via anonymous FTP: | |
| 2431 | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2432 /ee.utah.edu:HUGE/ (PLEASE FTP DURING NON-WORK HOURS!!!) |
| 1736 | 2433 |
| 2434 and takes about 35 megabytes of disk space to build. It is useful for | |
| 2435 non-HP machines, but some of the added features will only work under | |
| 2436 HP-UX. | |
| 597 | 2437 |
| 2438 You will need to get patches to work with HP-UX 8.0 or on 700 series | |
| 2439 machines via e-mail from Darryl Okahata <darrylo@sr.hp.com>. | |
| 2440 | |
| 1736 | 2441 96: Where can I get Emacs for my PC running MS-DOS? |
| 2442 | |
| 2443 * Demacs | |
| 2444 | |
| 2445 For 386 or 486 PCs running MS-DOS, there is a version of GNU Emacs | |
| 2446 called Demacs. To get Demacs see question 122. | |
| 2447 | |
| 2448 From the announcement message: | |
| 2449 | |
| 2450 Demacs is almost a full set of GNU Emacs but does not support some | |
| 2451 features: asynchronous process, locking a file, etc. | |
| 2452 | |
| 2453 Demacs provides following DOS specific features: | |
| 2454 | |
| 2455 * File type: text or binary file translation. | |
| 2456 * "8-bit clean" display mode. | |
| 2457 * 8086 software interrupt call by int86 lisp function. | |
| 2458 * Machine specific features such as function key support. | |
| 2459 * File name completion with drive name. | |
| 2460 * Child process (suspend-emacs, call-process). | |
| 2461 * Enhanced dired mode which can work without 'ls.exe'. | |
| 2462 | |
| 2463 To our regret `shell-mode' does not work, but `compile' command works | |
| 2464 properly. | |
| 2465 | |
| 2466 Demacs was developed using an MS-DOS version of gcc called djgpp by | |
| 2467 D. J. Delorie <dj@ctron.com> which can compile and run large programs | |
| 2468 under MS-DOS, but not under MS Windows. Demacs was derived from Nemacs | |
| 2469 rather than straight from GNU Emacs. | |
| 597 | 2470 |
| 2471 There are a variety of other Emacses for MS-DOS including among them the | |
| 2472 following. | |
| 2473 | |
| 1736 | 2474 * Freemacs |
| 2475 | |
| 2476 Russ Nelson <nelson@sun.soe.clarkson.edu>, the author, describes | |
| 2477 Freemacs: | |
| 2478 | |
| 2479 * Freemacs is free, and it was designed from the start to be | |
| 2480 programmable. | |
| 2481 * Freemacs is the only IBM-PC editor that tries to be like GNU Emacs. | |
| 2482 * Freemacs can only edit files less than 64K in length. | |
| 2483 * Freemacs doesn't have undo. | |
| 2484 | |
| 2485 Carl Witty <cwitty@cs.stanford.edu> reviews Freemacs: | |
| 2486 | |
| 2487 Better is Freemacs, which follows the tradition of ITS and GNU Emacs | |
| 2488 by having an full, turing-complete extension language which is | |
| 2489 incompatible with everything else. In fact, it's even closer to ITS | |
| 2490 Emacs than GNU Emacs is, because Mint (Freemacs' extension language) | |
| 2491 is absolutely illegible without weeks of study, much like TECO. | |
| 2492 | |
| 2493 To get Freemacs see question 123. | |
| 2494 | |
| 2495 * MicroEmacs | |
| 2496 | |
| 2497 MicroEmacs is a descendant of Microemacs {originally by Dave Conroy?}. | |
| 2498 It is programmable in a BASIC-like language. Many of the keybindings | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2499 are different from GNU Emacs. The author is Daniel Lawrence - |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2500 <dan@mdbs.uucp, mdbs!dan@ee.ecn.purdue.edu>. The latest version is 3.12 ! |
| 1736 | 2501 and it is available via anonymous FTP: |
| 2502 | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2503 /midas.mgmt.purdue.edu:dist/uemacs312/ (outside business hours) ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2504 ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2505 Version 3.12 includes Windows and Windows NT versions and a DOS ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2506 protected mode (DMPI) version. ! |
| 1736 | 2507 |
| 2508 * JOVE | |
| 2509 | |
| 2510 Another Emacs for small machines is JOVE (Jonathan's Own Version of | |
| 2511 Emacs). The latest official version is 4.14. There appears to be a | |
| 2512 newer version. People rumored to be working on JOVE include Mark Moraes | |
| 2513 <moraes@cs.toronto.edu> and Bill Marsh <bmarsh@cod.nosc.mil>. It is | |
| 2514 available via anonymous FTP: | |
| 2515 | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2516 /cs.toronto.edu:/pub/moraes/jove4.14.7.tar.Z |
| 1736 | 2517 |
| 2518 * MG | |
| 2519 | |
| 2520 MG is another descendant of Microemacs. MG used to stand for | |
| 2521 MicroGNUEmacs, but now just stands for MG. The look-and-feel of MG is | |
| 2522 intended to be close to that of GNU Emacs. It is rumored that MG can | |
| 2523 not correctly edit files larger than memory. The current version is | |
| 2524 rumored to be 2. There is a version 3 in beta which works on the Amiga. | |
| 2525 It is also available via anonymous FTP: | |
| 2526 | |
| 2527 /ftp.white.toronto.edu:pub/mg/ | |
| 2528 /wuarchive.wustl.edu:/mirrors/unix-c/editors/ | |
| 2529 /procyon.cis.ksu.edu: (source and executable) | |
| 2530 | |
| 2531 97: Where can I get Emacs for my PC running Windows? | |
| 2532 | |
| 2533 I believe that no version of GNU Emacs runs under Windows. Pierre Perret | |
| 2534 <pap@myths.az05.bull.com> has ported MicroEMACS 3.11c to Windows. | |
| 597 | 2535 |
| 2536 Anonymous FTP: | |
| 1736 | 2537 /ftp.cica.indiana.edu:pub/pc/win3/util/mewin10.zip |
| 2538 /ftp.cica.indiana.edu:pub/pc/win3/util/mewin10s.zip | |
| 2539 /ftp.cica.indiana.edu:pub/pc/win3/util/mewri.zip | |
| 2540 | |
| 2541 98: Where can I get Emacs for my PC running OS/2? | |
| 2542 | |
| 2543 From the OS/2 Programmer's FAQ: | |
| 2544 | |
| 2545 GNU Emacs 18.58 is available. It requires you to have EMX installed | |
| 2546 on your machine, but it comes with all the EMX files you will need. | |
| 2547 Emacs is available on ftp-os2 in /pub/os2/2.0/gnu/emacs. (If you want | |
| 2548 to recompile emacs, you will need the full EMX distribution see | |
| 2549 question 1.2.) | |
| 2550 | |
| 2551 The above quote may be out of date. See the latest OS/2 Programmer's FAQ | |
| 2552 {perhaps in comp.os.os2.misc?} for the latest news. Anonymous FTP info: | |
| 2553 | |
| 2554 /ftp-os2.nmsu.edu:pub/os2/2.0/gnu/emacs/ | |
| 2555 ("ftp-os2" was formerly named "hobbes") | |
| 2556 | |
| 2557 Thanks go to Stephen Simpson <simpson@symcom.math.uiuc.edu>, Jonathan | |
| 2558 Miller <jem+@andrew.cmu.edu>, Terry Kane <terryk@cc.gatech.edu>, J. D. | |
| 2559 Baldwin <baldwin@csservera.usna.navy.mil>, and Ken Bass | |
| 2560 <kbass@gmuvax2.gmu.edu>. | |
| 2561 | |
| 2562 99: Where can I get Emacs for my Atari ST? | |
| 2563 | |
| 2564 Emacs 18.57 is the latest version for TOS. Stefan Mueller-Pfeiffer | |
| 2565 <iff327@zam001.zam.kfa-juelich.de> says: | |
| 2566 | |
| 2567 There is also a version for MiNT, the multitasking enhancement for | |
| 2568 ATARI's TOS, which behaves almost like EMACS on a "real computer". This | |
| 2569 port was done by Erling Henanger <erlingh@idt.unit.no>. | |
| 2570 | |
| 2571 Anonymous FTP: | |
| 2572 /atari.archive.umich.edu:atari/gnustuff/tos/ (TOS Emacs 18.57) | |
| 2573 /atari.archive.umich.edu:atari/new/mntemacs.zoo (MiNT Emacs) | |
| 2574 /cs.uni-sb.de:/pub/atari/emacs/ | |
| 2575 | |
| 2576 100: Where can I get Emacs for my Amiga? | |
| 597 | 2577 |
| 2578 All of the files are lharc-ed. | |
| 2579 | |
| 2580 Anonymous FTP: | |
| 1736 | 2581 /oes.orst.edu:/pub/almanac/comp/amiga/software/gnuemacs-1.10/ |
| 597 | 2582 |
| 2583 Via e-mail: | |
| 1736 | 2584 To: almanac@oes.orst.edu |
| 597 | 2585 body: |
| 2586 mode uuencode | |
| 2587 send computer amiga software gnuemacs <file> | |
| 2588 <file> is replaced by one of the following: | |
| 2589 Required: d1.lzh d2.lzh | |
| 2590 Recommended: d3_info.lzh d3_infolisp.lzh | |
| 2591 Optional: d3_autoloaded.lzh d3_entertainmentetc.lzh | |
| 1736 | 2592 d3_entertainmentlisp.lzh d4_src.lzh d5_languagelisp.lzh |
| 2593 d5_viclone.lzh d6_gnulibsrc.lzh d6_mailpackage.lzh | |
| 2594 d6_mathpackage.lzh d6_misc.lzh d6_textformat.lzh | |
| 597 | 2595 The `d#' at the beginning of each file is its disk number, which is |
| 2596 referred to by the documentation. | |
| 2597 | |
| 1736 | 2598 101: Where can I get Emacs for my Apple computer? |
| 597 | 2599 |
| 2600 The FSF is a participant in a boycott of Apple because of Apple's "look | |
| 2601 and feel" copyright suits. See the file etc/APPLE for more details. | |
| 2602 Because of this boycott, the FSF doesn't include support in GNU software | |
| 2603 for Apple computers such as the Macintosh. | |
| 2604 | |
| 2605 Please don't help people port or develop software for Apple computers. | |
| 2606 | |
| 1736 | 2607 102: Where can I get Emacs with NeWS support? |
| 2608 | |
| 2609 Chris Maio's NeWS support package for GNU Emacs is available via anonymous | |
| 2610 FTP: | |
| 2611 | |
| 2612 /columbia.edu:pub/ps-emacs.tar.Z | |
| 2613 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/ps-emacs.tar.Z | |
| 2614 | |
| 2615 and via e-mail: | |
| 2616 | |
| 2617 To: archive-server@columbia.edu | |
| 2618 body: send NeWS emacs-support | |
| 2619 | |
| 2620 103: Where do I get Emacs that runs on VMS under DECwindows? | |
| 597 | 2621 |
| 2622 Hal R. Brand <BRAND@addvax.llnl.gov> is said to have a VMS save set with a | |
| 2623 ready-to-run VMS version of Emacs 18.55 for X Windows. It is available | |
| 1736 | 2624 via anonymous FTP (addvax.llnl.gov). It is possible that the VMS versions |
| 2625 of Emacs at other sites have X support compiled in. See etc/FTP for | |
| 2626 locations. | |
| 597 | 2627 |
| 2628 Johan Vromans <jv@mh.nl> writes: | |
| 2629 | |
| 2630 Getting Emacs to run on VMS with DECwindows requires a number of changes | |
| 2631 to the sources. Fortunately this has been done already. Joshua Marantz | |
| 2632 <josh@viewlogic.com> did most of the work for Emacs 18.52, and the mods | |
| 2633 were ported to 18.55 by Johan Vromans <jv@mh.nl>. Also included is the | |
| 2634 handling of DEC's LK201 keyboard. You need to apply the changes to a | |
| 2635 fresh Emacs 18.55 distribution on a Unix system, and then you can copy | |
| 2636 the sources to VMS to perform the compile/link/build. | |
| 2637 | |
| 2638 The set of changes have been posted a number of times three times the | |
| 2639 last 12 months, so they should be widely available. | |
| 2640 | |
| 1736 | 2641 Richard Levitte <levitte@e.kth.se> tells us that there are patches for |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2642 Emacs 18.57, 18.58, and 18.59 available via e-mail: ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2643 |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2644 To: EMACS-FILESERV@e.kth.se ! |
| 1736 | 2645 body: SEND EMACS-1857-PATCHES |
| 2646 or: SEND EMACS-1858-PATCHES | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2647 or: SEND EMACS-1859-PATCHES + |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2648 + |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2649 or via anonymous ftp at: + |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2650 + |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2651 /lucy.merrimack.edu:emacs-1859-patches.share + |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2652 + |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2653 The set of patches weighs in at around 2.7 MB. + |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2654 |
| 1736 | 2655 104: Where can I get modes for Lex, Yacc/Bison, Bourne Shell, Csh, C++, |
| 2656 Objective C, Pascal, Awk? | |
| 2657 | |
| 2658 As usual, look in the Lisp Code Directory (see question 88). For C++, | |
| 2659 if you use lisp-dir-apropos, you must specify the pattern like this: | |
| 2660 | |
| 2661 M-x lisp-dir-apropos RET c\+\+ RET | |
| 2662 | |
| 2663 105: What is the IP address of XXX.YYY.ZZZ? | |
| 2664 | |
| 2665 If you are at a site with a deficient nameserver, you may need to know | |
| 2666 the IP address of a host to FTP files from it. You can get this | |
| 2667 information in two ways: | |
| 2668 | |
| 2669 * By telnet: | |
| 2670 | |
| 2671 telnet nic.ddn.mil hostnames (or `telnet 192.112.36.5 101') | |
| 2672 hname XXX.YYY.ZZZ | |
| 2673 | |
| 2674 * By e-mail: | |
| 2675 | |
| 2676 To: service@nic.ddn.mil | |
| 2677 Subject: host XXX.YYY.ZZZ | |
| 2678 or: whois XXX.YYY.ZZZ | |
| 2679 or: help | |
| 2680 | |
| 2681 or: | |
| 2682 | |
| 2683 To: resolve@cs.widener.edu | |
| 2684 body: site XXX.YYY.ZZZ | |
| 2685 | |
| 2686 Information from Brendan Kehoe <brendan@cs.widener.edu>. | |
| 134 | 2687 |
| 2688 | |
| 2689 | |
| 1736 | 2690 |
| 2691 Major Emacs Lisp Packages, Emacs Extensions, and Related Programs | |
| 134 | 2692 |
| 1736 | 2693 This section lists version numbers, FTP sites, mailing lists, newsgroups, |
| 2694 and other information for many important packages, extensions, and related | |
| 2695 programs. There is some overlap with the Lisp Code Directory, but these | |
| 2696 entries give more detailed information. | |
| 2697 | |
| 2698 If you know of any other packages that are so substantial that they | |
| 2699 deserve to be mentioned here, please tell me. Having its own mailing list | |
| 2700 or newsgroup or more than half a megabyte of source code are good signs. | |
| 2701 | |
| 2702 106: VM (View Mail) -- another mail reader within Emacs | |
| 2703 | |
| 2704 Author: Kyle Jones <kyle@uunet.uu.net> | |
| 2705 Latest released version: 4.41 | |
| 2706 Beta test version: 5.32 | |
| 2707 Anonymous FTP: | |
| 2708 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/packages/vm-4.41.tar.Z | |
| 2709 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/as-is/timer.shar.Z | |
| 2710 /ftp.uu.net:mail/vm-4.41.tar.Z | |
| 2711 /ftp.uu.net:mail/vm-5.32beta.tar.Z | |
| 2712 Newsgroups and mailing lists: | |
| 2713 Info-VM: | |
| 2714 gnu.emacs.vm.info | |
| 2715 info-vm-request@uunet.uu.net (for subscriptions) | |
| 2716 info-vm@uunet.uu.net (for submissions) | |
| 2717 Bug-VM: | |
| 2718 gnu.emacs.vm.bug | |
| 2719 bug-vm-request@uunet.uu.net (for subscriptions) | |
| 2720 bug-vm@uunet.uu.net (for submissions) | |
| 2721 | |
| 2722 107: Supercite -- mail and news citation package within Emacs | |
| 2723 | |
| 2724 Author: Barry Warsaw <bwarsaw@cen.com> | |
| 2725 Mailing list: supercite-request@anthem.nlm.nih.gov (for subscriptions) | |
| 2726 supercite@anthem.nlm.nih.gov (for submissions) | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2727 Latest version: 2.3 ! |
| 1736 | 2728 Anonymous FTP: |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2729 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/packages/sc-2.3.tar.Z ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2730 /ftp.cme.nist.gov:pub/gnu/sc2.3.tar.Z ! |
| 1736 | 2731 Via e-mail: |
| 2732 To: library@cme.nist.gov | |
| 2733 Subject: help | |
| 2734 NOTE: Superyank is an old version of Supercite. | |
| 2735 | |
| 2736 108: GNUS -- news reader within Emacs | |
| 2737 | |
| 2738 Author: Masanobu Umeda <umerin@mse.kyutech.ac.jp> | |
| 2739 Latest official version: 3.13 | |
| 2740 Unofficial test version: 3.14.1 | |
| 2741 Anonymous FTP: | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2742 /aun.uninett.no:pub/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z - |
| 1736 | 2743 /wnoc-fuk.wide.ad.jp:pub/GNU/etc/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z |
| 2744 /liasun3.epfl.ch:pub/gnu/emacs/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z | |
| 2745 /aix370.rrz.uni-koeln.de:/pub/gnu/emacs/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z | |
| 2746 /funet.fi:/networking/news/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z | |
| 2747 /src.doc.ic.ac.uk:/gnu/EmacsBits/gnus/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z | |
| 2748 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/packages/gnus-3.13.tar.Z | |
| 2749 Newsgroups and mailing lists: | |
| 2750 English-only: | |
| 2751 gnu.emacs.gnus | |
| 2752 info-gnus-english-request@cis.ohio-state.edu (for subscriptions) | |
| 2753 info-gnus-english@cis.ohio-state.edu (for submissions) | |
| 2754 Japanese (and some English): | |
| 2755 info-gnus-request@flab.fujitsu.co.jp (for subscriptions) | |
| 2756 info-gnus@flab.fujitsu.co.jp (for submissions) | |
| 2757 | |
| 2758 109: Calc -- poor man's Mathematica within Emacs | |
| 2759 | |
| 2760 Author: Dave Gillespie <daveg@csvax.cs.caltech.edu> | |
| 2761 Latest released version: 2.02 | |
| 2762 Anonymous FTP: | |
| 2763 /csvax.cs.caltech.edu:pub/calc-2.02.tar.Z | |
| 2764 /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/calc-2.02.tar.Z | |
| 2765 NOTE: Unlike Wolfram Research, Dave has never threatened to sue anyone | |
| 2766 for having a program with a similar command language to Calc. :-) | |
| 2767 | |
| 2768 110: Calendar/Diary -- calendar manager within Emacs | |
| 2769 | |
| 2770 Author: Edward M. Reingold <reingold@cs.uiuc.edu> | |
| 2771 Latest version: 4.02 | |
| 2772 Anonymous FTP: | |
| 2773 /emr.cs.uiuc.edu:pub/emacs/calendar {???} | |
| 2774 Via e-mail: | |
| 2775 To: reingold@cs.uiuc.edu | |
| 2776 Subject: send-emacs-cal | |
| 2777 Put your best internet e-mail address in the body. | |
| 2778 | |
| 2779 111: Ange-FTP -- transparent FTP access for Emacs's file access routines | |
| 2780 | |
| 2781 Author: Andy Norman <ange@hplb.hpl.hp.com> | |
| 2782 Latest official version: 4.20 | |
| 2783 Anonymous FTP: | |
| 2784 /alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu:ange-ftp/ange-ftp.tar.Z | |
| 2785 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/packages/ange-ftp.tar.Z | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2786 /ugle.unit.no:pub/gnu/emacs-lisp/ange-ftp.tar.Z |
| 1736 | 2787 Mailing lists: |
| 2788 ange-ftp-lovers-request@anorman.hpl.hp.com (for subscriptions) | |
| 2789 Ange-FTP Lovers: | |
| 2790 ange-ftp-lovers@anorman.hpl.hp.com (for submissions) | |
| 2791 /ftp.reed.edu:pub/mailing-lists/ange-ftp/ (archives) | |
| 2792 Ange-FTP Announcements: | |
| 2793 ange-ftp-lovers-announce@anorman.hpl.hp.com | |
| 2794 NOTE: now with support for accessing VMS, CMS, and MTS systems | |
| 2795 | |
| 2796 112: VIP -- vi emulation for Emacs | |
| 2797 | |
| 2798 Author: Aamod Sane <sane@cs.uiuc.edu> | |
| 2799 Latest released version: 4.3 | |
| 2800 Anonymous FTP: | |
| 2801 /cs.uiuc.edu:pub/vip4.3.tar.Z | |
| 2802 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/modes/vip-mode.tar.Z | |
| 2803 NOTE: This version much more closely emulates vi than the one | |
| 2804 distributed with Emacs. | |
| 2805 | |
| 2806 113: Dired -- better directory editor for Emacs | |
| 2807 | |
| 2808 Author: Sebastian Kremer <sk@thp.uni-koeln.de> | |
| 2809 Latest released version: 5.239 | |
| 2810 Anonymous FTP: /ftp.cs.buffalo.edu:pub/Emacs/diredall.tar.Z | |
| 2811 /ftp.uni-koeln.de:pub/gnu/emacs/diredall.tar.Z | |
| 2812 NOTE: This is a huge improvement over the Dired distributed with Emacs. | |
| 2813 This version will be in Emacs 19. | |
| 2814 | |
| 2815 114: AUC TeX -- enhanced LaTeX mode with debugging facilities | |
| 2816 | |
| 2817 Author: Kresten Krab Thorup <krab@iesd.auc.dk> | |
| 2818 Latest released version: 6.1 {???} | |
| 2819 Anonymous FTP: | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2820 /iesd.auc.dk:pub/emacs-lisp/auctex_6_1d.tar.Z |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2821 /iesd.auc.dk:pub/emacs-lisp/auctex.tar.Z |
| 1736 | 2822 Mailing list: |
| 2823 auc-tex-request@iesd.auc.dk (for subscriptions) | |
| 2824 auc-tex@iesd.auc.dk (for submissions) | |
| 2825 auc-tex_mgr@iesd.auc.dk (auc-tex development team) | |
| 2826 | |
| 2827 115: Hyperbole -- extensible hypertext management system within Emacs | |
| 2828 | |
| 2829 Author: Bob Weiner <rsw@cs.brown.edu> | |
| 2830 Anonymous FTP: | |
| 2831 /wilma.cs.brown.edu:pub/hyperbole/ h*.tar.Z | |
| 2832 Mailing lists: | |
| 2833 hyperbole-announce -- Hyperbole release announcements only. | |
| 2834 Subscriptions: | |
| 2835 To: hyperbole-request@cs.brown.edu | |
| 2836 Subject: Add <mailbox@domain.name> to hyperbole-announce | |
| 2837 hyperbole -- Hyperbole discussion. | |
| 2838 Subscriptions: | |
| 2839 To: hyperbole-request@cs.brown.edu | |
| 2840 Subject: Add <mailbox@domain.name> to hyperbole | |
| 2841 Submissions: | |
| 2842 hyperbole@cs.brown.edu | |
| 2843 NOTE: Any member of the hyperbole mailing list is automatically a | |
| 2844 member of the hyperbole-announce mailing list. | |
| 2845 NOTE: No .UUCP or ! addresses are allowed on these mailing lists. | |
| 2846 | |
| 2847 116: Byte Compiler -- enhanced version of Emacs's byte compiler | |
| 2848 | |
| 2849 Author: Jamie Zawinski <jwz@lucid.com>, | |
| 2850 Hallvard B. Furuseth <hallvard@ifi.uio.no> | |
| 2851 Anonymous FTP: | |
| 2852 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/packages/bytecomp.tar.Z | |
| 2853 /ftp.uu.net:languages/elisp/packages/bytecomp.tar.Z | |
| 2854 /src.doc.ic.ac.uk:gnu/EmacsBits/elisp-archive/packages/bytecomp.tar.Z | |
| 2855 | |
| 2856 117: comint -- hugely enhanced shell mode and other derived modes | |
| 2857 | |
| 2858 Author: Olin Shivers <Olin.Shivers@cs.cmu.edu> | |
| 2859 Anonymous FTP: | |
| 2860 /cs.cmu.edu:/afs/cs.cmu.edu/user/shivers/lib/emacs/ | |
| 2861 {comint,cmu{tex,shell,scheme,lisp},ml}.el | |
| 2862 (anonymous password must contain `@', | |
| 2863 cannot cd to intermediate directories) | |
| 2864 | |
| 2865 118: BBDB -- personal info rolodex integrated with mail/news readers | |
| 2866 | |
| 2867 Author: Jamie Zawinski <jwz@lucid.com> | |
| 2868 Latest released version: 1.47 | |
| 2869 Anonymous FTP: | |
| 2870 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/packages/bbdb.tar.Z | |
| 2871 Mailing list: | |
| 2872 info-bbdb-request@lucid.com (for subscriptions) | |
| 2873 info-bbdb@lucid.com | |
| 2874 bbdb-announce-request@lucid.com (to be informed of new releases) | |
| 2875 Note: BBDB does not work with VM 4. It does work with VM 5, RMAIL, GNUS, | |
| 2876 and MH-E. | |
| 2877 | |
| 2878 119: Ispell -- spell checker in C with interface for Emacs | |
| 2879 | |
| 2880 Author: Geoff Kuenning <geoff@itcorp.com> | |
| 2881 Latest released version: 2.0.02 | |
| 2882 Beta test version: 3.0 (9 patches) | |
| 2883 Anonymous FTP: | |
| 2884 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:/pub/gnu/ispell/ (version 2.0.02) | |
| 2885 /ftp.cs.ucla.edu:/pub/ispell/ (version 3.0, patches, dictionaries) | |
| 2886 /argus.math.orst.edu:pub/ispell/ (version 3.0, patches, dictionaries) | |
| 2887 /ftp.th-darmstadt.de:pub/dicts/ispell/ (mirror of argus) | |
| 2888 NOTE: Do not send mail to Geoff asking him to send you the latest | |
| 2889 version of Ispell. He does not have free e-mail. | |
| 2890 | |
| 2891 120: Epoch -- enhanced GNU Emacs with better X interface | |
| 2892 | |
| 2893 Latest released version: 4.2 | |
| 2894 Anonymous FTP: | |
| 2895 /cs.uiuc.edu:pub/epoch-files/epoch/epoch-4.2.tar.Z | |
| 2896 /cs.uiuc.edu:pub/epoch-files/epoch/epoch-diff-4.1-4.2.tar.Z | |
| 2897 /src.doc.ic.ac.uk:gnu/epoch/ | |
| 2898 /aix370.rrz.uni-koeln.de:gnu/emacs/epoch/ | |
| 2899 Newsgroup and mailing lists: | |
| 2900 Epoch: | |
| 2901 gnu.emacs.epoch | |
| 2902 epoch-request@cs.uiuc.edu (for subscriptions) | |
| 2903 epoch@cs.uiuc.edu (for submissions) | |
| 2904 Epoch-Design: | |
| 2905 epoch-design-request@cs.uiuc.edu (for subscriptions) | |
| 2906 epoch-design@cs.uiuc.edu (for submissions) | |
| 2907 FAQ list: | |
| 2908 Maintainer: Marc Andreessen <marca@ncsa.uiuc.edu> | |
| 2909 Anonymous FTP: | |
| 2910 /rtfm.mit.edu:pub/usenet/news.answers/epoch-faq | |
| 2911 /ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu:outgoing/marca/epoch/Epoch.FAQ | |
| 2912 | |
| 2913 121: Lucid GNU Emacs -- alternative Emacs 19 with better X interface | |
| 2914 | |
| 2915 Primary Maintainer: Jamie Zawinski <jwz@lucid.com> | |
| 2916 Other Developers: Eric Benson <eb@lucid.com> | |
| 2917 Matthieu Devin <devin@lucid.com> | |
| 2918 Harlan Sexton <hbs@lucid.com> | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2919 Latest released version: 19.6 ! |
| 1736 | 2920 Anonymous FTP: |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2921 /labrea.stanford.edu:pub/gnu/lucid/lemacs-19.6.tar.Z (source) ! |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2922 /labrea.stanford.edu:pub/gnu/lucid/lemacs-19.6-sun4.tar.Z (Sun4binaries) ! |
| 1736 | 2923 Newsgroup and mailing lists: |
| 2924 Bugs: | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2925 alt.lucid-emacs.bug + |
| 1736 | 2926 bug-lucid-emacs-request@lucid.com (for subscriptions) |
| 2927 bug-lucid-emacs@lucid.com (for submissions) | |
| 2928 Help: | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
2929 alt.lucid-emacs.help + |
| 1736 | 2930 help-lucid-emacs-request@lucid.com (for subscriptions) |
| 2931 help-lucid-emacs@lucid.com (for submissions) | |
| 2932 | |
| 2933 122: Demacs -- GNU Emacs altered to run on MS-DOS on 386/486 machines | |
| 2934 | |
| 2935 Authors: Manabu Higashida <manabu@sigmath.osaka-u.ac.jp> | |
| 2936 HIRANO Satoshi <hirano@tkl.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp> | |
| 2937 Latest released version: 1.2.0 | |
| 2938 Anonymous FTP: | |
| 2939 /utsun.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp:GNU/demacs/ (nearest to U.S.A.) | |
| 2940 /ftp.sigmath.osaka-u.ac.jp:pub/Msdos/Demacs/ | |
| 2941 /wnoc-fuk.wide.ad.jp:pub/msdos/Demacs/ | |
| 2942 /ftp.3com.com:pub/gnu/msdos/demacs/ | |
| 2943 /mindseye.berkeley.edu:pub/kanji/demacs/ | |
| 2944 /ftp.hawaii.edu:pub/editors/demacs.tar.Z | |
| 2945 /ftp.math.ksu.edu:pub/pc/demacs/ | |
| 2946 /wsmr-simtel20.army.mil:pd1:<msdos.demacs> {ange-ftp syntax?} | |
| 2947 /ftp.uni-koeln.de:msdos/gnuprogs/dem120e.zip (executables, lisp-code, doc) | |
| 2948 (PLEASE USE ONLY OUTSIDE WORKING HOURS!) | |
| 2949 /ftp.uni-koeln.de:msdos/gnuprogs/dem120s.zip (sources, diffs) | |
| 2950 (PLEASE USE ONLY OUTSIDE WORKING HOURS!) | |
| 2951 /ftp.lysator.liu.se:pub/msdos/gnu/emacs/ | |
| 2952 /mizar.docs.uu.se:pub/gnu/demacs/ | |
| 2953 /iamsun.unibe.ch:PC/demacs/ | |
| 2954 /flop.informatik.tu-muenchen.de:outgoing/demacs.tar | |
| 2955 /ftp.funet.fi:pub/gnu/emacs/demacs/ | |
| 2956 /garbo.uwasa.fi:pc/editor/dem120e.zip | |
| 2957 /garbo.uwasa.fi:pc/editor/dem120s.zip | |
| 2958 /ftp.win.tue.nl:pub/gnu/demacs/ | |
| 2959 /ugle.unit.no:pub/gnu/Demacs/ | |
| 2960 {Does anyone know which sites have the Kanji version?} | |
| 2961 Via e-mail: | |
| 2962 From garbo.uwasa.fi: | |
| 2963 To: mailserv@garbo.uwasa.fi | |
| 2964 Subject: garbo-request | |
| 2965 Body: send pc/editor/dem120e.zip | |
| 2966 send pc/editor/dem120s.zip | |
| 2967 quit | |
| 2968 Downloading: | |
| 2969 EXEC-PC (Milwaukee, WI) 414-789-4210 (2400 bps) | |
| 2970 in the Mahoney MS-DOS file area in its Editors/wordprocessors | |
| 2971 library (F), named GNUEMACS.ZIP | |
| 2972 Channel 1 (Cambridge, MA) 617-345-8873 (9600 bps) | |
| 2973 in the New Uploads file area, named GNUEMACS.ZIP | |
| 2974 NOTE: Use the -d option of [pk]unzip for all .zip archives. Some sites | |
| 2975 have Demacs lharc'ed. If you need to find programs to unpack lharc and | |
| 2976 zip format archives, Chris Dean <ctdean@talaris.com> points out that you | |
| 2977 should see the comp.compression FAQ, available for FTP: | |
| 2978 /rtfm.mit.edu:pub/usenet/comp.compression/ | |
| 2979 Mailing list: | |
| 2980 NOTE: There is no mailing list for Demacs. However, there is a list | |
| 2981 for DJGPP, which is the environment that Demacs runs in. Many | |
| 2982 Demacs problems are actually issues with DJGPP. | |
| 2983 DJGPP: | |
| 2984 Subscriptions: | |
| 2985 To: listserv@sun.soe.clarkson.edu | |
| 2986 body: add <your-address> djgpp | |
| 2987 or put `help' in the body. | |
| 2988 If this fails, mail to djgpp-request@sun.soe.clarkson.edu. | |
| 2989 Submissions: | |
| 2990 djgpp@sun.soe.clarkson.edu | |
| 2991 FAQ list: | |
| 2992 Maintainer: Dave Steibel <steibel@cs.umbc.edu> | |
| 2993 Anonymous FTP: algol.cs.umbc.edu:pub/demacs/demacs.faq | |
| 2994 | |
| 2995 123: Freemacs -- a small Emacs for MS-DOS | |
| 2996 | |
| 2997 Author: Russ Nelson <nelson@sun.soe.clarkson.edu> | |
| 2998 Latest released version: 1.6a | |
| 2999 Anonymous FTP: | |
| 3000 /simtel20.army.mil:PD:<MSDOS.FREEMACS> {ange-ftp syntax?} | |
| 3001 /grape.ecs.clarkson.edu:pub/msdos/freemacs/ | |
| 3002 Via e-mail: | |
| 3003 To: archive-server@sun.soe.clarkson.edu | |
| 3004 body: help | |
| 3005 Via snail mail: | |
| 3006 address: Russell Nelson, 11 Grant St., Potsdam, NY 13676 | |
| 3007 Send $15 copying fee, and specify preferred floppy disk format: | |
| 3008 5.25", 360K, or 3.50", 720K | |
| 3009 Mailing lists: | |
| 3010 Subscriptions: | |
| 3011 To: listserv@sun.soe.clarkson.edu | |
| 3012 body: add <your-address> <name-of-list> | |
| 3013 or put `help' in the body. | |
| 3014 List distribution addresses: | |
| 3015 freemacs-announce@sun.soe.clarkson.edu | |
| 3016 freemacs-help@sun.soe.clarkson.edu | |
| 3017 freemacs-workers@sun.soe.clarkson.edu (send bug reports here) | |
| 3018 | |
| 3019 124: Patch -- program to apply "diffs" for updating files | |
| 3020 | |
| 3021 Author: Larry Wall <lwall@netlabs.com> | |
| 3022 Latest version: 2.0 patchlevel 12u8 | |
| 3023 (This is the version that supports the new unified diff format.) | |
| 3024 Anonymous FTP: | |
| 3025 /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/patch-2.0.12u8.tar.Z | |
| 3026 /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/patch-2.0.12g8.tar.Z (GNU version) | |
| 3027 | |
| 3028 | |
| 3029 | |
| 3030 GNU Emacs FAQ: Keybindings/Output | |
| 3031 | |
| 3032 If you are viewing this text in a GNU Emacs Buffer, you can type "M-2 C-x $" to | |
| 3033 get an overview of just the questions. Then, when you want to look at the text | |
| 3034 of the answers, just type "C-x $". | |
| 3035 | |
| 3036 To search for a question numbered XXX, type "M-C-s ^XXX:", followed by a C-r if | |
| 3037 that doesn't work, then type ESC to end the search. | |
| 3038 | |
| 3039 A `+' in the 78th column means something was inserted on the line. A `-' means | |
| 3040 something was deleted and a `!' means some combination of insertions and | |
| 3041 deletions occurred. | |
| 3042 | |
| 3043 Full instructions for getting the latest FAQ are in question 22. Also see the | |
| 3044 `Introduction to news.answers' posting in the `news.answers' newsgroup, or send | |
| 3045 e-mail to `mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu' with `help' on a body line, or use FTP, | |
| 3046 WAIS, or Prospero to rtfm.mit.edu. | |
| 3047 | |
| 3048 | |
| 3049 | |
| 3050 Changing Key Bindings and Handling Key Binding Problems | |
| 3051 | |
| 3052 125: How do I bind keys (including function keys) to commands? | |
| 3053 | |
| 3054 1. Find out what character sequence is generated by the keystroke sequence | |
| 3055 you wish to bind to a command. See question 129 for how to do this. | |
| 3056 Keep in mind that the character sequences generated by a keystroke | |
| 3057 sequence varies from one terminal to another. You may also get | |
| 3058 different results depending on what type of machine you are running on | |
| 3059 (see question 128). For example, these keystrokes may generate these | |
| 3060 character sequences: | |
| 3061 | |
| 3062 F1 ---> ESC [ 2 2 4 z | |
| 3063 Shift-R10 ---> ESC O t | |
| 3064 L7 ---> ESC [ 3 1 ~ | |
| 3065 Remove ---> C-@ | |
| 3066 | |
| 3067 2. Figure out what the Emacs Lisp syntax is for this character sequence. | |
| 3068 Inside an Emacs Lisp string, RET, LFD, DEL, ESC, SPC, and TAB are | |
| 3069 specified with `\r', `\n', `\C-?', `\e', ` ', and `\t'. C-x is | |
| 3070 specified by `\C-x'. M-x is specified the same was as "ESC x". | |
| 3071 (Control characters may also be specified as themselves, but I don't | |
| 3072 recommend it.) An Emacs Lisp string begins and ends with the double | |
| 3073 quote character, `"'. Here are some examples: | |
| 3074 | |
| 3075 ESC [ D ---> "\e[D" | |
| 3076 ESC [ 2 2 7 z ---> "\e[227z" | |
| 3077 ESC [ 1 8 ~ ---> "\e[18~" | |
| 3078 C-M-r ---> "\e\C-r" | |
| 3079 | |
| 3080 3. If some prefix of the character sequence is already bound, you must | |
| 3081 unbind it by binding it to `nil'. For example: | |
| 3082 | |
| 3083 (global-set-key "\e[" nil) | |
| 3084 | |
| 3085 4. Pick a command to bind your key sequence to. A command can be a | |
| 3086 "symbol" with a function definition, or a "lambda list", or a string | |
| 3087 (which is treated as a macro). For example: | |
| 3088 | |
| 3089 (global-set-key "\e[D" 'backward-char) | |
| 3090 (global-set-key "\e[227~" "\exgoto-line\r") ; macro | |
| 3091 | |
| 3092 See `Key Bindings' and `Rebinding' in the online manual. | |
| 3093 | |
| 3094 In Emacs 19 (including Lucid Emacs), you can bind function key F24 like | |
| 3095 this: | |
| 3096 | |
| 3097 (global-set-key 'f24 'some-command) | |
| 3098 | |
| 3099 126: Why does Emacs say `Key sequence XXX uses invalid prefix characters'? | |
| 3100 | |
| 3101 A prefix of the character sequence you were trying to bind was already | |
| 3102 bound. Usually, the sequence is "ESC [", in which case you should | |
| 3103 evaluate this form first: | |
| 134 | 3104 |
| 3105 (define-key esc-map "[" nil) | |
| 3106 | |
| 1736 | 3107 NOTE: By default, "ESC [" is bound to backward-paragraph, and if you do |
| 597 | 3108 this you will lose this key binding. For most people, this is not a |
| 3109 problem. | |
| 3110 | |
| 1736 | 3111 See question 125. |
| 3112 | |
| 3113 127: Why doesn't this [terminal or window-system setup] code work in my | |
| 134 | 3114 .emacs file, but it works just fine after Emacs starts up? |
| 3115 | |
| 3116 This is because you're trying to do something in your .emacs file that | |
| 3117 needs to be postponed until after the terminal/window-system setup code | |
| 3118 is loaded. This is a result of the order in which things are done | |
| 1736 | 3119 during the startup of Emacs. For more details see question 135. |
| 134 | 3120 |
| 3121 In order to postpone the execution of Emacs Lisp code until after the | |
| 3122 terminal/window-system setup, set the value of the variable | |
| 3123 term-setup-hook or window-setup-hook to be a function which does what | |
| 3124 you want. | |
| 3125 | |
| 597 | 3126 See etc/OPTIONS for a complete explanation of what Emacs does every time |
| 3127 it is started. | |
| 134 | 3128 |
| 3129 Here is a simple example of how to set term-setup-hook: | |
| 3130 | |
| 3131 (setq term-setup-hook | |
| 3132 (function | |
| 3133 (lambda () | |
| 597 | 3134 (cond ((string-match "\\`vt220" (or (getenv "TERM") "")) |
| 3135 ;; Make vt220's "Do" key behave like M-x: | |
| 3136 (define-key CSI-map "29~" 'execute-extended-command)) | |
| 3137 )))) | |
| 3138 | |
| 1736 | 3139 128: How do I use function keys under X Windows? |
| 597 | 3140 |
| 3141 This depends on whether you are running Emacs inside a terminal emulator | |
| 3142 window, or whether you are allowing Emacs to create its own X window. | |
| 3143 You can tell which you are doing by noticing whether Emacs creates a new | |
| 3144 window when you start it. | |
| 3145 | |
| 3146 If you are running Emacs inside a terminal emulator window, then it | |
| 3147 behaves exactly as it does on any other tty. In this case, for function | |
| 3148 keys to be useful, they must generate character sequences that are sent | |
| 1736 | 3149 to the programs running inside the window as input. The `xterm' program |
| 597 | 3150 has two different sets of character sequences that it generates when |
| 3151 function keys are pressed, depending on the sunFunctionKeys X resource | |
| 3152 and the -sf and +sf command line options. (To find out what these key | |
| 1736 | 3153 sequences are, see question 129.) In addition, with xterm, |
| 597 | 3154 you can override what key sequence a specific function key (or any other |
| 1736 | 3155 key) will generate with the `translations' resource. This, for example: |
| 597 | 3156 |
| 3157 XTerm.VT100.Translations: #override \ | |
| 3158 <KeyPress>F1: string(0x1b) string("[xyzzy") | |
| 3159 | |
| 3160 makes the function key F1 generate the character sequence "ESC [xyzzy". | |
| 3161 | |
| 3162 On the other hand, if Emacs is managing its own X window, the following | |
| 3163 description applies. Emacs receives `KeyPress' events from the X server | |
| 3164 when a key is pressed while the keyboard focus is in its window. The | |
| 1736 | 3165 KeyPress event contains an X "keysym" code, which is simply an arbitrary |
| 597 | 3166 number corresponding to the name of the keysym, and information on which |
| 3167 "modifiers" such as `control' and `shift' are active. For example, the | |
| 3168 `Tab' keysym is 0xff09. (Generally, a key on the keyboard will generate a | |
| 3169 keysym whose name is the same as the label on the key, ie. the `Tab' key | |
| 3170 will normally generate the `Tab' keysym. This can be changed with the | |
| 3171 xmodmap program.) Emacs recognizes all the keysyms that correspond to | |
| 3172 standard ASCII characters and internally uses the ASCII character instead. | |
| 3173 | |
| 3174 (WARNING: I am about to describe a gross, disgusting hack to you, have | |
| 3175 your barf bag ready.) | |
| 3176 | |
| 3177 When Emacs receives the X keysym of one of the arrow keys, it behaves | |
| 3178 the same as if it had received a letter key with the control modifier | |
| 3179 down as follows (this is hard-coded): | |
| 3180 | |
| 3181 Up becomes C-p | |
| 3182 Down becomes C-n | |
| 3183 Right becomes C-f | |
| 3184 Left becomes C-b | |
| 3185 | |
| 3186 The way Emacs treats other keysyms depends on what kind of machine it was | |
| 1736 | 3187 compiled on. The type of the display machine is irrelevant! Function |
| 597 | 3188 keys are mapped internally to escape sequences, while other keys are |
| 3189 completely ignored. | |
| 3190 | |
| 3191 1. If compiled on a Sun, Emacs recognizes these X keysyms that | |
| 3192 are normally on a Sun keyboard: | |
| 3193 | |
| 3194 F1 through F9 | |
| 3195 L1 through L10 (same as F11 through F20) | |
| 3196 R1 through R15 (same as F21 through F35) | |
| 1736 | 3197 (The keys labelled R8, R10, R12, and R14 usually are mapped to the |
| 597 | 3198 X keysyms Up, Left, Right, and Down.) |
| 1736 | 3199 Break (the `Alternate' key is given this keysym) |
| 597 | 3200 |
| 3201 These keys work like Sun function keys. When Emacs recieves the | |
| 3202 keysym, it will internally use character sequences that look like "ESC | |
| 3203 [ ### z", where ### is replaced by a number. The character sequences | |
| 3204 are identical to those generated by Sun's keyboard under SunView. Any | |
| 3205 function key not listed above generates "ESC [ - 1 z". | |
| 3206 | |
| 3207 In order to use these key sequences, they should be bound to commands | |
| 3208 using the standard key binding methods, just as if Emacs were running | |
| 3209 on a regular terminal. | |
| 3210 | |
| 3211 WARNING: F11 and L1 are the same keysym in X, as are F12 and L2, etc. | |
| 3212 {Yes, this is stupid. Complain to the X consortium.} | |
| 3213 | |
| 3214 2. If not compiled on a Sun, the function keys will appear to Emacs in a | |
| 3215 way remarkably similar to the keys of a DEC LK201 keyboard (used on | |
| 3216 some VT series terminals). These X keysyms will be recognized: | |
| 3217 | |
| 3218 F1 through F20 | |
| 3219 Help (treated same as F15) | |
| 1736 | 3220 Menu (treated same as F16, is the LK201 `Do' key) |
| 597 | 3221 Find |
| 1736 | 3222 Insert (LK201 `Insert Here' key) |
| 597 | 3223 Select |
| 1736 | 3224 Prior (LK201 `Prev Screen' key *** ONLY IN 18.58 AND LATER ***) |
| 3225 Next (LK201 `Next Screen' key *** ONLY IN 18.58 AND LATER ***) | |
| 3226 | |
| 3227 And finally, the LK201 key labelled `Remove' (or `Delete') is often | |
| 3228 mapped to the Delete keysym which generates the DEL character (C-?) | |
| 3229 instead of the key sequence given by the LK201 `Remove' key. It may | |
| 3230 also be mapped to some other keysym, such as `_Remove', in which case | |
| 3231 you can't use it from within Emacs at all. | |
| 597 | 3232 |
| 3233 Each function key will be internally converted to a character sequence | |
| 3234 that looks like "ESC [ ## ~", where ## is replaced by a number. The | |
| 3235 character sequences are identical to those generated by a LK201 | |
| 3236 keyboard. Any function key not listed above generates "ESC [ - 1 ~". | |
| 134 | 3237 |
| 3238 For the complete list of the numbers which are generated by the function | |
| 597 | 3239 keys, look in the file src/x11term.c at the definitions of the function |
| 1736 | 3240 stringFuncVal. |
| 597 | 3241 |
| 3242 If you are running Emacs on a Sun machine, even if your X display is | |
| 3243 running on a non-Sun machine (eg., an X terminal), you get the setup | |
| 3244 described above for Suns. The determining factor is what type of | |
| 3245 machine Emacs is running (was compiled) on, not what type of machine | |
| 3246 your X display is on. | |
| 3247 | |
| 1736 | 3248 If you have function keys not listed above on your keyboard, you can use |
| 3249 `xmodmap' to change their keysym assignments to get keys that Emacs will | |
| 3250 recognize, but that may screw up other programs. | |
| 597 | 3251 |
| 3252 X resources are not used by Emacs to affect the key sequences generated. | |
| 1736 | 3253 In particular, there are no X key "translations" for Emacs. |
| 597 | 3254 |
| 3255 If you have function keys not listed above and you don't want to use | |
| 3256 xmodmap to change their names, you might want to make a modification to | |
| 1736 | 3257 your Emacs. Johan Vromans <jv@mh.nl> has made available a patch for Emacs |
| 3258 that adds the x-rebind-key function of Epoch to Emacs 18.58. This allows | |
| 3259 another layer of key rebinding before Emacs even sees the keys, and in | |
| 3260 this layer you can rebind all of the keys and modifier combinations as | |
| 3261 well. | |
| 3262 | |
| 3263 Anonymous FTP: | |
| 3264 /ftp.eu.net:gnu/emacs/FP-Xfun.Z | |
| 3265 /ftp.urc.tue.nl:pub/tex/emacs/FP-Xfun | |
| 3266 | |
| 3267 Johan Vromans explains what this buys for you: | |
| 597 | 3268 |
| 3269 After implementing this, all keyboard keys can be configured to send | |
| 1736 | 3270 user definable sequences, eg., |
| 134 | 3271 |
| 3272 (x-rebind-key "KP_F1" 0 "\033OP") | |
| 3273 | |
| 597 | 3274 This will have the keypad key PF1 send the sequence "ESC O P", just like |
| 3275 an ordinary VT series terminal. | |
| 3276 | |
| 1736 | 3277 129: How do I tell what characters my function or arrow keys emit? |
| 134 | 3278 |
| 3279 Use this function by Randal L. Schwartz <merlyn@iwarp.intel.com>: | |
| 3280 | |
| 3281 (defun see-chars () | |
| 3282 "Displays characters typed, terminated by a 3-second timeout." | |
| 3283 (interactive) | |
| 3284 (let ((chars "") | |
| 3285 (inhibit-quit t)) | |
| 3286 (message "Enter characters, terminated by 3-second timeout.") | |
| 3287 (while (not (sit-for 3)) | |
| 3288 (setq chars (concat chars (list (read-char))) | |
| 3289 quit-flag nil)) ; quit-flag maybe set by C-g | |
| 3290 (message "Characters entered: %s" (key-description chars)))) | |
| 3291 | |
| 597 | 3292 Alternatively, use the "C-h l" view-lossage command, which will display |
| 1736 | 3293 the last 100 characters Emacs has seen in its input stream. Kevin |
| 3294 Gallagher <kgallagh@digi.lonestar.org> suggests typing some unique string | |
| 3295 like "wxyz", typing the key in question, then typing "C-h l". The | |
| 3296 characters that appear between "wxyz" and "C-h l" were generated by the | |
| 3297 key. | |
| 3298 | |
| 3299 130: How do I set the X key "translations" for Emacs? | |
| 3300 | |
| 3301 Sorry, you can't; there are no "translations" to be set. Emacs is not | |
| 3302 written using the Xt library. The only way to affect the behavior of keys | |
| 3303 within Emacs is through `xmodmap' (outside Emacs) or `define-key' (inside | |
| 3304 Emacs). | |
| 3305 | |
| 3306 131: How do I handle C-s and C-q being used for flow control? | |
| 3307 | |
| 3308 C-s and C-q are used in the XON/XOFF flow control protocol. This screws | |
| 3309 up Emacs because it binds these characters to commands. Also, by default | |
| 3310 Emacs will not honor them as flow control characters and may overwhelm | |
| 3311 output buffers. Sometimes, intermediate software using XON/XOFF flow | |
| 3312 control will prevent Emacs from ever seeing C-s and C-q. | |
| 3313 | |
| 3314 Possible solutions: | |
| 3315 | |
| 3316 * Disable the use of C-s and C-q for flow control. | |
| 3317 | |
| 3318 You need to determine what is the cause of the flow control. | |
| 3319 | |
| 3320 * your terminal | |
| 3321 | |
| 3322 Your terminal may use XON/XOFF flow control to have time to display | |
| 3323 all the characters it receives. For example, VT series terminals do | |
| 3324 this. It may be possible to turn this off from a setup menu. For | |
| 3325 example, on a VT220 you may select `No XOFF' in the setup menu. This | |
| 3326 is also true for some terminal emulation programs on PCs. | |
| 3327 | |
| 3328 When you turn off flow control at the terminal, you will also need to | |
| 3329 turn it off at the other end, which might be at the computer you are | |
| 3330 logged in to or at some terminal server in between. | |
| 3331 | |
| 3332 If you turn off flow control, characters may be lost; using a printer | |
| 3333 connected to the terminal may fail. You may be able to get around | |
| 3334 this problem by modifying the `termcap' entry for your terminal to | |
| 3335 include extra NUL padding characters. | |
| 3336 | |
| 3337 * a modem | |
| 3338 | |
| 3339 If you are using a dialup connection, the modems may be using XON/XOFF | |
| 3340 flow control. I don't know how to get around this. | |
| 3341 | |
| 3342 * a router or terminal server | |
| 3343 | |
| 3344 Some network box between the terminal and your computer may be using | |
| 3345 XON/XOFF flow control. It may be possible to make it use some other | |
| 3346 kind of flow control. You will probably have to ask your local | |
| 3347 network experts for help with this. | |
| 3348 | |
| 3349 * tty and/or pty devices | |
| 3350 | |
| 3351 If your connection to Emacs goes through multiple tty and/or pty | |
| 3352 devices, they may be using XON/XOFF flow control even when it is not | |
| 3353 necessary. | |
| 3354 | |
| 3355 Eirik Fuller <eirik@theory.tn.cornell.edu> writes: | |
| 3356 | |
| 3357 Some versions of `rlogin' (and possibly telnet) do not pass flow | |
| 3358 control characters to the remote system to which they connect. On | |
| 3359 such systems, Emacs on the remote system cannot disable flow control | |
| 3360 on the local system. Sometimes `rlogin -8' will avoid this problem. | |
| 3361 | |
| 3362 One way to cure this is to disable flow control on the local host | |
| 3363 (the one running rlogin, not the one running rlogind) using the stty | |
| 3364 command, before starting the rlogin process. On many systems, `stty | |
| 3365 start u stop u' will do this. | |
| 3366 | |
| 3367 Some versions of `tcsh' will prevent even this from working. One | |
| 3368 way around this is to start another shell before starting rlogin, | |
| 3369 and issue the stty command to disable flow control from that shell. | |
| 3370 | |
| 3371 Use `stty -ixon' instead of `stty start u stop u' on some systems. | |
| 3372 | |
| 3373 * Make Emacs speak the XON/XOFF flow control protocol. | |
| 3374 | |
| 3375 You can make Emacs treat C-s and C-q as flow control characters by | |
| 3376 evaluating this form: | |
| 3377 | |
| 3378 (set-input-mode nil t) | |
| 3379 | |
| 3380 If you are fixing this for yourself, simply put the form in your .emacs | |
| 3381 file. If you are fixing this for your entire site, the best place to | |
| 3382 put it is unclear. I don't know if this has any effect when used in | |
| 3383 lisp/site-init.el when building Emacs; I've never tried that. {Can | |
| 3384 someone tell me whether it works?} Putting things in users' .emacs files | |
| 3385 has a number of problems. | |
| 3386 | |
| 3387 Putting this form in lisp/default.el has the problem that if the user's | |
| 3388 .emacs file has an error, this will prevent lisp/default.el from being | |
| 3389 loaded and Emacs may be unusable for the user, even for correcting their | |
| 3390 .emacs file (unless they're smart enough to move it to another name). A | |
| 3391 possible solution is to initially disable C-s and C-q by setting | |
| 3392 keyboard-translate-table in lisp/site-init.el, either with swap-keys | |
| 3393 (see question 136) or with the following form: | |
| 3394 | |
| 3395 ;; by Roger Crew <crew@cs.stanford.edu>: | |
| 3396 (setq keyboard-translate-table | |
| 3397 "\C-@\C-a\C-b\C-c\C-d\C-e\C-f\C-g\C-h\C-i\C-j\C-k\C-l\C-m\C-n\C-o\C-p\C-^\C-r\C-\\\C-t\C-u\C-v\C-w\C-x\C-y\C-z\C-[\C-s\C-]\C-q\C-_") | |
| 3398 | |
| 3399 This will at least prevent Emacs from being confused by the flow control | |
| 3400 characters, even if lisp/default.el cannot be loaded. Then, in | |
| 3401 lisp/default.el, enable XON/XOFF flow control with set-input-mode. | |
| 3402 | |
| 3403 For further discussion of this issue, read the file PROBLEMS in the | |
| 597 | 3404 Emacs distribution. |
| 3405 | |
| 1736 | 3406 132: How do I use commands bound to C-s and C-q (or any key) if these keys |
| 134 | 3407 are filtered out? |
| 3408 | |
| 3409 I suggest swapping C-s with C-\ and C-q with C-^: | |
| 3410 | |
| 3411 (swap-keys ?\C-s ?\C-\\) | |
| 3412 (swap-keys ?\C-q ?\C-^) | |
| 3413 | |
| 1736 | 3414 See question 136 for the implementation of swap-keys. This method |
| 3415 has the advantage that it simultaneously swaps the characters everywhere | |
| 3416 throughout Emacs, while just switching the keybindings will miss important | |
| 3417 places where the character codes are stored (eg., the search-repeat-char | |
| 3418 variable, major mode keymaps, etc.). | |
| 3419 | |
| 3420 To do this for an entire site, you may want to swap the keys in | |
| 3421 lisp/default.el. If only some of your users are connecting through | |
| 3422 XON/XOFF flow-controlled connections, you will want to do this | |
| 3423 conditionally. I suggest pre-swapping them in lisp/site-init.el when | |
| 3424 Emacs is built, and then in lisp/default.el, if it is determined to be | |
| 3425 safe, they can be reenabled (being careful not to screw up any other key | |
| 3426 mappings users might have established using keyboard-translate-table). | |
| 3427 See question 131 for an easy way to pre-swap these keys. | |
| 3428 | |
| 3429 WARNING: If you do this for an entire site, the users will be confused by | |
| 3430 the disparity between what the documentation says and how Emacs actually | |
| 3431 behaves. | |
| 3432 | |
| 3433 133: Why does the `BackSpace' key invoke help? | |
| 3434 | |
| 3435 The BackSpace key (on every keyboard I've used) generates ASCII code 8. | |
| 3436 C-h sends the same code. In Emacs by default C-h invokes help-command. | |
| 3437 This is intended to be easy to remember since the first letter of "help" | |
| 3438 is "h". The easiest solution to this problem is to use C-h (and | |
| 3439 BackSpace) for help and DEL (the Delete key) for deleting the previous | |
| 3440 character. | |
| 3441 | |
| 3442 For many people this solution may be problematic: | |
| 3443 | |
| 3444 * They normally use BackSpace outside of Emacs for deleting the previous | |
| 3445 character typed. This can be solved by making DEL be the command for | |
| 3446 deleting the previous character outside of Emacs. This command will do | |
| 3447 this on many Unix systems: | |
| 3448 | |
| 3449 stty erase '^?' | |
| 3450 | |
| 3451 * The person may prefer using the BackSpace key for deleting the previous | |
| 3452 character because it is more conveniently located on their keyboard or | |
| 3453 because they don't even have a separate Delete key. In this case, the | |
| 3454 BackSpace key should be made to behave like Delete. There are several | |
| 3455 methods. | |
| 3456 | |
| 3457 * Under X Windows, the easiest solution is to change the BackSpace key | |
| 3458 into a Delete key like this: | |
| 3459 | |
| 3460 xmodmap -e "keysym BackSpace = Delete" | |
| 3461 | |
| 3462 * Some terminals (eg., VT3## terminals) allow the character generated by | |
| 3463 the BackSpace key to be changed from a setup menu. | |
| 3464 | |
| 3465 * You may be able to get a keyboard that is completely programmable. | |
| 3466 | |
| 3467 * Under X or on a dumb terminal, it is possible to swap the BackSpace | |
| 3468 and Delete keys inside Emacs: | |
| 3469 | |
| 3470 (swap-keys ?\C-h ?\C-?) | |
| 3471 | |
| 3472 See question 136 for the implementation of swap-keys. | |
| 3473 | |
| 3474 * Another approach is to switch keybindings and put help on "C-x h" | |
| 3475 instead: | |
| 3476 | |
| 3477 (global-set-key "\C-h" 'delete-backward-char) | |
| 3478 (global-set-key "\C-xh" 'help-command) ; override mark-whole-buffer | |
| 3479 | |
| 3480 Other popular key bindings for help are M-? and "C-x ?". | |
| 3481 | |
| 3482 WARNING: Don't try to bind DEL to help-command, because there are many | |
| 3483 modes that have local bindings of DEL that will interfere. | |
| 3484 | |
| 3485 134: Why doesn't Emacs look at the stty settings for Backspace vs. Delete? | |
| 3486 | |
| 3487 Good question! | |
| 3488 | |
| 3489 135: Why don't the arrow keys work? | |
| 3490 | |
| 3491 When Emacs starts up, it doesn't know anything about arrow keys at all | |
| 3492 (except when running under X, see question 128). During the process of | |
| 3493 starting up, Emacs will load a terminal-specific initialization file for | |
| 3494 your terminal type (as determined by the environment variable TERM), if | |
| 3495 one exists. This file has the responsibility for enabling the arrow keys. | |
| 3496 | |
| 3497 There are several things that can go wrong: | |
| 3498 | |
| 3499 1. There is no initialization file for your terminal. | |
| 3500 | |
| 3501 You can determine this by looking in the lisp/term directory. If your | |
| 3502 terminal type (as determined by the TERM environment variable) is | |
| 3503 xxx-yy-z, then the first of these files in the lisp/term directory will | |
| 3504 be loaded as the terminal-specific initialization file: xxx-yy-z.el, | |
| 3505 xxx-yy.el, or xxx.el. | |
| 3506 | |
| 3507 There are two major cases of this problem: | |
| 3508 | |
| 3509 * Your terminal type is very similar to one that has an init file. | |
| 3510 | |
| 3511 In this case, there are several techniques suggested by Colin Jensen | |
| 3512 <cjensen@ampex.com>, Ben Liblit <Liblit@cs.psu.edu>, and Marc | |
| 3513 Auslander <marc@watson.ibm.com>: | |
| 3514 | |
| 3515 A. Add a symbolic link in lisp/term for your terminal type that | |
| 3516 points to the similar type. For example, you could make VT102 | |
| 3517 terminals work with this command: | |
| 3518 | |
| 3519 ln -s vt100.el vt102.el | |
| 3520 | |
| 3521 This fixes things for everyone on the system who uses the terminal | |
| 3522 type. | |
| 3523 | |
| 3524 B. If you can't do the solution in part A, you can add code to your | |
| 3525 term-setup-hook that loads the correct file like this: | |
| 3526 | |
| 3527 (setq term-setup-hook | |
| 3528 (function | |
| 3529 (lambda () | |
| 3530 (cond ((equal "vt102" (or (getenv "TERM") "")) | |
| 3531 (load (concat term-file-prefix "vt100"))) | |
| 3532 (;; Code for other terminal types goes here ... | |
| 3533 ))))) | |
| 3534 | |
| 3535 C. If you use `tset' to set your TERM environment variable when you | |
| 3536 login, you can use the `-m' switch to tell tset to use a terminal | |
| 3537 type known by Emacs instead of another similar one. For example, | |
| 3538 specifying this: | |
| 3539 | |
| 3540 tset ... -m 'dec-vt220:vt220' ... | |
| 3541 | |
| 3542 will make tset say you are on a `vt220' instead of a `dec-vt220'. | |
| 3543 | |
| 3544 D. Interactively, you can type "M-x load-library RET term/vt100" to | |
| 3545 load the terminal-specific initialization files for VT100 | |
| 3546 terminals. | |
| 3547 | |
| 3548 * Your terminal type is not similar to one that has an init file. | |
| 3549 | |
| 3550 One can be made for your terminal, or you can just add code to your | |
| 3551 own .emacs to handle this problem for yourself. For example, if your | |
| 3552 terminal's arrow keys send these character sequences: | |
| 3553 | |
| 3554 Up: ESC [ A | |
| 3555 Down: ESC [ B | |
| 3556 Right: ESC [ C | |
| 3557 Left: ESC [ D | |
| 3558 | |
| 3559 then you can bind these keys to the appropriate commands with code in | |
| 3560 your .emacs like this: | |
| 3561 | |
| 3562 (setq term-setup-hook | |
| 3563 (function | |
| 3564 (lambda () | |
| 3565 (cond ((string-match "\\`xyzzy" (or (getenv "TERM") "")) | |
| 3566 ;; First, must unmap the binding for left bracket | |
| 3567 (or (keymapp (lookup-key global-map "\e\[")) | |
| 3568 (define-key global-map "\e\[" nil)) | |
| 3569 ;; Enable terminal type xyzzy's arrow keys: | |
| 3570 (define-key global-map "\e\[A" 'previous-line) | |
| 3571 (define-key global-map "\e\[B" 'next-line) | |
| 3572 (define-key global-map "\e\[C" 'forward-char) | |
| 3573 (define-key global-map "\e\[D" 'backward-char)) | |
| 3574 ((string-match "\\`abcde" (or (getenv "TERM") "")) | |
| 3575 ;; Do something different for terminal type abcde | |
| 3576 ;; ..... | |
| 3577 ))))) | |
| 3578 | |
| 3579 NOTE: You may have to restart Emacs to get changes to take effect. | |
| 3580 | |
| 3581 NOTE: Your arrow keys may send sequences beginning with "ESC O" when | |
| 3582 Emacs is running, even if they send sequences beginning with "ESC [" at | |
| 3583 all other times. This is because Emacs uses any command there may be | |
| 3584 in your terminal's termcap entry for putting the terminal into | |
| 3585 "Application Keypad Mode". Just map these sequences the same way as | |
| 3586 above. | |
| 3587 | |
| 3588 The next two cases are problems even if there is a initialization file for | |
| 3589 your terminal type. | |
| 3590 | |
| 3591 2. The initialization file for your terminal doesn't bind arrow keys. | |
| 3592 | |
| 3593 If your terminal type is `xterm', you will have to bind the arrow keys | |
| 3594 as in part 1 above, since the xterm.el file doesn't do anything useful. | |
| 3595 There may be other terminal types with the same problem. | |
| 3596 | |
| 3597 3. Your terminal's arrow keys send individual control characters. | |
| 3598 | |
| 3599 For example, the arrow keys on an ADM-3 send C-h, C-j, C-k, and C-l. | |
| 3600 | |
| 3601 There is not much Emacs can do in this situation, since all the control | |
| 3602 characters except for C-^ and C-\ are already used as Emacs commands. | |
| 3603 It may be possible to convince the terminal to send something else when | |
| 3604 you press the arrow keys; it is worth investigating. | |
| 3605 | |
| 3606 You have to make the hard choices of how to rebind keys to commands to | |
| 3607 make things work the way you want. Another alternative is to start | |
| 3608 learning the standard Emacs keybindings for moving point around: C-b, | |
| 3609 C-f, C-p, and C-n. Personally, I no longer use the arrow keys when | |
| 3610 editing because I have switched keyboards so many times. | |
| 3611 | |
| 3612 4. Your terminal's arrow keys send sequences beginning with "ESC [". | |
| 3613 | |
| 3614 Due to an extremely poor design decision (ie., these sequences are ANSI | |
| 3615 standard), none of the the terminal-specific initialization files that | |
| 3616 are distributed with Emacs will bind these character sequences to the | |
| 3617 appropriate commands by default. (This also applies to any other | |
| 3618 function keys which generate character sequences starting with "ESC | |
| 3619 [".) This is because it was deemed far more important to preserve the | |
| 3620 binding of M-[ to the backward-paragraph command. It appears that this | |
| 3621 will change in Emacs 19. | |
| 3622 | |
| 3623 Some of the terminal-specific initialization files that come with Emacs | |
| 3624 provide a command enable-arrow-keys that will fix this problem. To get | |
| 3625 this automatically invoked, put this in your .emacs: | |
| 3626 | |
| 3627 (setq term-setup-hook | |
| 3628 (function | |
| 3629 (lambda () | |
| 3630 (if (fboundp 'enable-arrow-keys) (enable-arrow-keys))))) | |
| 3631 | |
| 3632 We put this in our lisp/default.el file, so users don't have to worry | |
| 3633 about it: | |
| 3634 | |
| 3635 ;; don't override a user's term-setup-hook | |
| 3636 (or term-setup-hook | |
| 3637 (setq term-setup-hook | |
| 3638 (function | |
| 3639 (lambda () | |
| 3640 (and (fboundp 'enable-arrow-keys) | |
| 3641 ;; don't override a user key mapping | |
| 3642 (eq 'backward-paragraph (lookup-key esc-map "[")) | |
| 3643 (enable-arrow-keys)))))) | |
| 3644 | |
| 3645 If your terminal type is `sun', you should put this in your .emacs | |
| 3646 instead (or in addition to the above): | |
| 3647 | |
| 3648 (setq sun-esc-bracket t) | |
| 3649 | |
| 3650 It is possible that the terminal-specific initialization file for your | |
| 3651 terminal type was written locally and does not follow the rule | |
| 3652 mentioned above. In this case you may need to inspect it to find out | |
| 3653 how to enable the arrow keys. (Actually, if it was written locally, it | |
| 3654 probably enables the arrow keys by default.) | |
| 3655 | |
| 3656 136: How do I "swap" two keys? | |
| 134 | 3657 |
| 3658 When Emacs receives a character, you can make Emacs behave as though it | |
| 3659 received another character by setting the value of | |
| 597 | 3660 keyboard-translate-table. The following Emacs Lisp will do this for you, |
| 3661 allowing you to "swap" keys. After arranging for this Lisp to be | |
| 3662 evaluated by Emacs, you can evaluate `(swap-keys ?A ?B)' to swap A and B. | |
| 134 | 3663 |
| 3664 (defun swap-keys (key1 key2) | |
| 3665 "Swap keys KEY1 and KEY2 using map-key." | |
| 597 | 3666 (map-key key1 key2) |
| 134 | 3667 (map-key key2 key1)) |
| 3668 | |
| 597 | 3669 (defun map-key (from to) |
| 3670 "Make key FROM behave as though key TO was typed instead." | |
| 3671 (setq keyboard-translate-table | |
| 3672 (concat keyboard-translate-table | |
| 3673 (let* ((i (length keyboard-translate-table)) | |
| 3674 (j from) | |
| 3675 (k i) | |
| 3676 (str (make-string (max 0 (- j (1- i))) ?X))) | |
| 3677 (while (<= k j) | |
| 3678 (aset str (- k i) k) | |
| 3679 (setq k (1+ k))) | |
| 3680 str))) | |
| 3681 (aset keyboard-translate-table from to) | |
| 3682 (let ((i (1- (length keyboard-translate-table)))) | |
| 3683 (while (and (>= i 0) (eq (aref keyboard-translate-table i) i)) | |
| 3684 (setq i (1- i))) | |
| 3685 (setq keyboard-translate-table | |
| 3686 (if (eq i -1) | |
| 3687 nil | |
| 3688 (substring keyboard-translate-table 0 (1+ i)))))) | |
| 3689 | |
| 1736 | 3690 NOTE: You must evaluate the definition of these functions before calling |
| 3691 them! For example, list the function definitions before their use in your | |
| 3692 .emacs file. | |
| 3693 | |
| 3694 NOTE: These functions take two numbers as arguments. The example above, | |
| 3695 `(swap-keys ?A ?B)' is actually `(swap-keys 65 66)', because `?A' is | |
| 3696 merely notation for 65, the ASCII value of `A'. | |
| 3697 | |
| 3698 NOTE: These functions only work for single characters. You cannot swap | |
| 3699 two multi-character sequences. | |
| 3700 | |
| 3701 137: How do I produce C-XXX with my keyboard? | |
| 3702 | |
| 3703 For C-@ and C-^, often you can just type Control-2 and Control-6. For | |
| 3704 C-_, you may have to hold down the shift key, typing Control-Shift-Hyphen. | |
| 3705 C-@ can often be generated by typing Control-Space. C-@ is often called | |
| 3706 the NUL character, and has ASCII value 0. C-_ can often be generated by | |
| 3707 typing Control-7 or Control-/. C-? (aka DEL) may be generated by typing | |
| 3708 Shift-BackSpace or Control-BackSpace or a key labelled Delete or Del. | |
| 3709 | |
| 3710 Try Control with all of the digits on your keyboard to see what gets | |
| 3711 generated. | |
| 3712 | |
| 3713 138: What if I don't have a Meta key? | |
| 3714 | |
| 3715 Instead of typing M-a, you can type "ESC a" instead. In fact, Emacs | |
| 3716 converts M-a internally into "ESC a" anyway (depending on the value of | |
| 3717 meta-prefix-char). | |
| 3718 | |
| 3719 139: What if I don't have an Escape key? | |
| 3720 | |
| 3721 Type C-[ instead. This should send ASCII code 27 just like an Escape | |
| 3722 key would. Try also C-;. | |
| 3723 | |
| 3724 140: How do I type DEL on PC terminal emulators? | |
| 3725 | |
| 3726 Some IBM PC compatibles do not have a key labeled `Del' or `Delete' {is | |
| 3727 this true?}. Those that do generally have it in an inconvenient location. | |
| 3728 (Also, in some terminal emulators, the `Del' key does not transmit DEL.) | |
| 3729 The result is the standard "BackSpace invoking help" problem (see question | |
| 3730 133). | |
| 3731 | |
| 3732 The usual solution, suggested by Michael Covington | |
| 3733 <mcovingt@aisun1.ai.uga.edu>, is to somehow tell the terminal emulator | |
| 3734 program that BackSpace should transmit DEL. Read the program's manual. | |
| 3735 Shift-BackSpace or Control-BackSpace may send DEL. The `Del' key may only | |
| 3736 send DEL if the NumLock key hasn't been pressed. | |
| 3737 | |
| 3738 141: Can I make my `Compose Character' key behave like a Meta key? | |
| 597 | 3739 |
| 3740 On a dumb terminal such as a VT220, no. It is rumored that certain VT220 | |
| 1736 | 3741 clones could have their Compose key configured this way. If you're using |
| 3742 X, you might be able to do this with the `xmodmap' program (this is | |
| 3743 what I do). | |
| 3744 | |
| 3745 142: How do I bind a combination of modifier key and function key? | |
| 3746 | |
| 3747 Unless you're using Emacs under emacstool (or xvetool?), have a working | |
| 3748 version of x-rebind-key (see question 128), or are using Emacs 19 (Lucid | |
| 3749 Emacs), you can't do this with Emacs alone. | |
| 3750 | |
| 3751 If you are using emacstool, Emacs sees different character sequences for | |
| 3752 the combination of a modifier and a function key from what it sees for the | |
| 3753 function key alone. See etc/emacstool.1 for more information. Since | |
| 3754 Emacs sees different character sequences, you can bind these different | |
| 3755 sequences to different commands. | |
| 597 | 3756 |
| 3757 If you are running Emacs inside a terminal emulator window like xterm, you | |
| 3758 can modify its translation tables to make it generate different character | |
| 3759 sequences for the combination of a modifier and a function key. For | |
| 3760 example, this X resource setting: | |
| 3761 | |
| 3762 XTerm.VT100.Translations: #override \ | |
| 3763 Shift<KeyPress>F1: string(0x1b) string("[xyzzy") | |
| 3764 | |
| 3765 makes Shift-F1 generate the character sequence "ESC [ xyzzy". You can | |
| 1736 | 3766 bind these character sequences in Emacs as normal. Nick Ruprecht |
| 3767 <ruprecht@informatik.uni-freiburg.de> has written an extensive X | |
| 3768 translation mapping for xterm that does this. {Does this have an FTP | |
| 3769 site?} | |
| 3770 | |
| 3771 If you have x-rebind-key, you can have any arbitrary combination of | |
| 3772 modifiers with a key replaced by any sequence of "normal" characters. For | |
| 3773 example, this makes Shift-Return behave as though you had typed "C-x C-e" | |
| 3774 (example from Jerry Graves): | |
| 3775 | |
| 3776 (x-rebind-key "Return" 'shift "\C-x\C-e") | |
| 3777 | |
| 3778 In Emacs 19 (Lucid Emacs), you can bind Meta-Left-Arrow like this (example | |
| 3779 from Jamie Zawinski): | |
| 3780 | |
| 3781 (global-set-key '(meta left) 'backward-word) | |
| 3782 | |
| 3783 With the last two methods, use `xmodmap' and `xev' to discover the keysym | |
| 3784 and modifier names. | |
| 3785 | |
| 3786 143: Why doesn't my Meta key work in an xterm window? | |
| 597 | 3787 |
| 3788 Try all of these methods before asking for further help: | |
| 3789 | |
| 1736 | 3790 * You may have big problems using `mwm' as your window manager. {Does |
| 3791 anyone know a good generic solution to allow the use of the Meta key in | |
| 3792 Emacs with mwm?} | |
| 3793 | |
| 3794 * For X11R4: Make sure it really is a Meta key. Use `xev' to find out | |
| 597 | 3795 what keysym your Meta key generates. It should be either Meta_L or |
| 3796 Meta_R. If it isn't, use xmodmap to fix the situation. | |
| 3797 | |
| 3798 * Make sure the pty the xterm is using is passing 8 bit characters. | |
| 1736 | 3799 `stty -a' (or `stty everything') should show `cs8' somewhere. If it |
| 3800 shows `cs7' instead, use `stty cs8 -istrip' (or `stty pass8') to fix | |
| 597 | 3801 it. |
| 3802 | |
| 3803 * If there is an rlogin connection between the xterm and the Emacs, the | |
| 1736 | 3804 `-8' argument may need to be given to rlogin to make it pass all 8 |
| 597 | 3805 bits of every character. |
| 3806 | |
| 1736 | 3807 * If the Emacs is running under Ultrix, it is reported that evaluating |
| 3808 (set-input-mode t nil) helps. | |
| 597 | 3809 |
| 3810 * If all else fails, you can make xterm generate "ESC W" when you type | |
| 3811 M-W, which is the same conversion Emacs would make if it got the M-W | |
| 3812 anyway. In X11R4, the following resource specification will do this: | |
| 3813 | |
| 3814 XTerm.VT100.EightBitInput: false | |
| 3815 | |
| 3816 (This changes the behavior of the insert-eight-bit action.) | |
| 3817 | |
| 3818 With older xterms, you can specify this behavior with a translation: | |
| 3819 | |
| 3820 XTerm.VT100.Translations: #override \ | |
| 3821 Meta<KeyPress>: string(0x1b) insert() | |
| 3822 | |
| 1736 | 3823 You might have to replace `Meta' with `Alt'. |
| 3824 | |
| 3825 144: Why doesn't my ExtendChar key work as a Meta key under HP-UX 8.0? | |
| 597 | 3826 |
| 3827 This is a result of an internationalization extension in X11R4 and the | |
| 3828 fact that HP is now using this extension. Emacs assumes that | |
| 3829 XLookupString returns the same result regardless of the Meta key state | |
| 3830 which is no longer necessarily true. Until Emacs is fixed, the temporary | |
| 3831 kludge is to run this command after each time the X server is started but | |
| 3832 preferably before any xterm clients are: | |
| 3833 | |
| 3834 xmodmap -e 'remove mod1 = Mode_switch' | |
| 3835 | |
| 3836 NOTE: This will disable the use of the extra keysyms systemwide, which | |
| 3837 may be undesirable if you actually intend to use them. | |
| 3838 | |
| 1736 | 3839 145: Where can I get key bindings to make Emacs emulate WordStar? |
| 3840 | |
| 3841 There is a package `wordstar' by Jim Frost <jimf@saber.com> and | |
| 3842 `ws-mode.el' by Juergen Nickelsen <nickel@cs.tu-berlin.de>. Check in the | |
| 3843 Emacs Lisp Archive (see question 89). | |
| 3844 | |
| 3845 146: Where can I get an XEDIT emulator for Emacs? | |
| 3846 | |
| 3847 This question comes up once every couple of months. I have never seen a | |
| 3848 positive reply, so I presume no one has ever written one. | |
| 3849 | |
| 3850 | |
| 3851 | |
| 3852 Using Emacs with Alternate Character Sets | |
| 3853 | |
| 3854 147: How do I make Emacs display 8-bit characters? | |
| 3855 | |
| 3856 There is a patch called the `8-bit ctl-arrow patch' that allows Emacs to | |
| 3857 display characters with codes from 128 to 255. {The original appears to | |
| 3858 have been by Kenneth Cline <cline@proof.ergo.cs.cmu.edu>.} Partially based | |
| 3859 on Johan Widen's earlier work, Johan Vromans <jv@mh.nl> has updated this | |
| 3860 patch for Emacs 18.58 along with some other 8-bit improvements. | |
| 3861 | |
| 3862 Anonymous FTP: | |
| 3863 /ftp.eu.net:gnu/emacs/FP-EightBit.Z | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
3864 /ftp.urc.tue.nl:/pub/tex/emacs/FP-EightBit |
| 1736 | 3865 /cs.purdue.edu:pub/ygz/cemacs.tar.Z:cemacs/8bit-patch-18.57 |
| 3866 /sics.se:archive/emacs-18.55-8bit-diff | |
| 3867 /laas.laas.fr:pub/emacs/patch-8bit-18.55 | |
| 3868 /laas.laas.fr:pub/emacs/patch-8bit-18.57 | |
| 3869 | |
| 3870 Via e-mail: | |
| 3871 To: mail-server@sics.se | |
| 3872 body: send emacs-18.55-8bit-diff | |
| 3873 | |
| 3874 Anders Edenbrandt <anderse@dna.lth.se> has produced a more comprehensive | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
3875 patch for Emacs 18.59 that allows for 8-bit input and output. |
| 1736 | 3876 |
| 3877 Anonymous FTP: | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
3878 /ftp.efd.lth.se:pub/gnu/emacs_8-bit.patch |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
3879 |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
3880 In the words of the author: |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
3881 |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
3882 With these patches, Emacs becomes fully 8-bit operational. There is |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
3883 support for displaying 8-bit characters, as well as for entering such |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
3884 characters from the keyboard. In addition, upcase/lowcase tranlatsion |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
3885 is supported, accented characters are recognized as "letters" (important |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
3886 when doing 'forward-word', for example), and text with 8-bit characters |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
3887 can be sorted correctly. |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
3888 |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
3889 A Meta-shift key can still be used, provided that you run in an |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
3890 environment where it is possible to distinguish between a character |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
3891 entered using the Meta-shift key and one entered directly. The diffs |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
3892 include patches to make this work under SunView (with emacstool) as |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
3893 well as under X. If you can't use a Meta-shift key, you have to enter |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
3894 Meta-commands with the ESC-prefix. |
| 1736 | 3895 |
| 3896 The most comprehensive patches for 8-bit output are by Howard Gayle | |
| 3897 (originally for Emacs 18.55. These patches allow displaying any arbitrary | |
| 3898 string for a given 8-bit character (except TAB and C-j). Also supported | |
| 3899 is defining the sorting order and the uppercase and lowercase | |
| 3900 translations. It is reported that the 8-bit character support in Emacs 19 | |
| 3901 is largely based on these patches. Thomas Bellman | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
3902 <Bellman@lysator.liu.se> has updated these patches for Emacs 18.59. |
| 1736 | 3903 |
| 3904 Anonymous FTP: | |
| 3905 /sics.se:archive/emacs-gayle.tar.Z (patches for 18.55) | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
3906 /ftp.lysator.liu.se:pub/emacs/gayle-18.58.diff.tar.Z (patches) |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
3907 /ftp.lysator.liu.se:pub/emacs/emacs-18.59-gayle.tar.Z (patched Emacs) |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
3908 |
|
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
3909 Epoch's 8-bit character support is based on Anders Edenbrandt's patches. |
| 1736 | 3910 Lucid Emacs has the ctl-arrow patch installed. Nemacs displays 8-bit |
| 3911 characters, and it may be useful for displaying the 8-bit ISO-8859 | |
| 3912 alphabet, but I don't know for sure (see question 149). | |
| 3913 | |
| 3914 148: How do I input 8-bit characters? | |
| 3915 | |
| 3916 Minor modes for ISO Latin-1 that allow one to easily input this character | |
| 3917 set have been written by several people. Such modes have been written by | |
| 3918 Matthieu Herrb <matthieu@laas.fr> (laas.laas.fr:pub/emacs/iso-latin-1.el), | |
| 3919 Johan Vromans <jv@mh.nl> {FTP site??}, and Marc Shapiro | |
| 3920 <shapiro@sor.inria.fr> {FTP site??}. | |
| 3921 | |
| 3922 These approaches differ from the one taken by Anders Edenbrandt in that | |
| 3923 his method uses direct 8-bit input, while these methods use a compose | |
| 3924 sequence for 8-bit characters. {I have heard conflicting reports on | |
| 3925 whether this results in losing the Meta key. Perhaps this depends on | |
| 3926 whether Emacs is running under X. Can someone resolve this?} | |
| 3927 | |
| 3928 Karl Heuer <karl@haddock.ima.isc.com> is said to have a patch to allow | |
| 3929 8-bit input. Georg-Wilhelm Koltermann <gwk@crmunich0.cray.com> also has a | |
| 3930 patch for either 18.57 or 18.58 that allows 8-bit input. | |
| 3931 | |
| 3932 Epoch comes with a patch that allows it to input 8-bit characters, but it | |
| 3933 is not enabled by default. {Is this right?} | |
| 3934 | |
| 3935 Jamie Zawinski says: | |
| 3936 | |
| 3937 Lucid GNU Emacs allows the input of any ISO-8859/1 keysyms that your | |
| 3938 keyboard generates (see xmodmap), and contains a package that implements | |
| 3939 a DEC/OpenWindows-like "Compose" key for systems which don't have one. | |
| 3940 | |
| 3941 149: Where can I get an Emacs that can handle kanji characters? | |
| 3942 | |
| 3943 Nemacs 3.3.2 (Nihongo GNU Emacs) is a modified version of GNU Emacs 18.55 | |
| 3944 that handles kanji characters. It is available via anonymous FTP: | |
| 3945 | |
| 3946 /crl.nmsu.edu:pub/misc/nemacs-3.3.2.tar.Z | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
3947 /miki.cs.titech.ac.jp:JAPAN/nemacs/nemacs-3.3.2.tar.Z |
| 1736 | 3948 |
| 3949 You might also need files for "wnn", a kanji input method | |
| 3950 (wnn-4.0.3{-README,.tar.Z} {on which machine?}). You need a terminal (or | |
| 3951 terminal emulator) that can display text encoded in JIS, Shift-JIS, or EUC | |
| 3952 (Extended Unix Code), or the ability to run Nemacs as a direct X Window | |
| 3953 client. | |
| 3954 | |
| 3955 150: Where can I get an Emacs that can handle Chinese? | |
| 3956 | |
| 3957 `cemacs' by Stephen G. Simpson <simpson@math.psu.edu> is a patch to Emacs | |
| 3958 18.57 (the ctl-arrow patch) and some Emacs Lisp code that combined with | |
| 3959 Cxterm allows using Chinese characters. It is available via anonymous | |
| 3960 FTP: | |
| 3961 | |
| 3962 /crl.nmsu.edu:pub/chinese/cemacs.tar.Z | |
| 3963 /cs.purdue.edu:pub/ygz/cemacs.tar.Z | |
| 3964 | |
| 3965 Cxterm is available from the same place: | |
| 3966 | |
| 3967 /cs.purdue.edu:pub/ygz/cxterm-11.5.1.tar.Z | |
| 3968 | |
| 3969 151: Where is an Emacs that can handle Semitic (right-to-left) alphabets? | |
| 3970 | |
| 3971 Joel M. Hoffman <joel@wam.umd.edu> writes: | |
| 3972 | |
| 3973 A couple of years ago a wrote a hebrew.el file that allows right-to-left | |
| 3974 editing of Hebrew. I relied on the hardware to display the Hebrew | |
| 3975 letters, given the right codes, but not for any right-to-left support; | |
| 3976 the hardware also doesn't have to send any specific char. codes. Emacs | |
| 3977 keeps track of when the user is typing Hebrew vs. English. (The VT-* | |
| 3978 terminals in Israel contain built-in support for Hebrew.) | |
| 3979 | |
| 3980 To get it to work I had to modify only a few lines of GNU Emacs's source | |
| 3981 code --- just enough to make it 8-bit clean. | |
| 3982 | |
| 3983 [and in a separate message:] | |
| 3984 | |
| 3985 It doesn't produce time-order ["sefer" format] (I wouldn't recommend | |
| 3986 trying that with emacs, because converting time-order to screen-order | |
| 3987 with arbitrarily long lines is a bit tricky), but I also concocted a | |
| 3988 quick filter to convert screen-order into time-order. I'll be happy to | |
| 3989 send you the requisite files if you want them. If you're using it for | |
| 3990 anything large, however, you'll want something that works better. | |
| 3991 | |
| 3992 Joel Hoffman has also written a "bi-directional bi-lingual Emacs-like" | |
| 3993 editor for MS-DOS named Ibelbe (Itty Bitty Emacs-Like Bidirectional | |
| 3994 Editor). Ibelbe is written in Turbo Pascal and comes with source code. | |
| 3995 Here is the description: | |
| 3996 | |
| 3997 Ibelbe looks like emacs (it even has a minibuffer and filename | |
| 3998 completion), and fully supports both right-to-left and left-to-right | |
| 3999 editing. Other than an EGA monitor or better, no special hardware is | |
| 4000 required. You will need an EGA Hebrew font to use Ibelbe with Hebrew. | |
| 4001 | |
| 4002 Anonymous FTP: | |
| 4003 /israel.nysernet.org:israel/msdos/ibelbe.zip | |
| 4004 /israel.nysernet.org:israel/msdos/hebfont.zip | |
| 4005 | |
| 4006 Joseph Friedman <yossi@deshaw.com, yossi@Neon.Stanford.EDU> has written | |
| 4007 patches for Emacs 18.55 and 18.58 that provide Semitic language support | |
| 4008 under X Windows. | |
| 4009 | |
| 4010 Warren Burstein <warren@itex.jct.ac.il> says he has mapped 7-bit keys by | |
| 4011 modifying self-insert-command "for Hebrew input on 7-bit keyboards". | |
| 4012 | |
| 4013 A good suggestion is to query archie for files named with `hebrew'. | |
| 4014 | |
| 4015 GNU Emacs FAQ: Mail and News | |
| 4016 | |
| 4017 This portion of the GNU Emacs FAQ list is cross-posted to `gnu.emacs.gnus' | |
| 4018 because many of the questions herein deal with GNUS. See `gnu.emacs.help' for | |
| 4019 the rest of the FAQ list. | |
| 4020 | |
| 4021 If you are viewing this text in a GNU Emacs Buffer, you can type "M-2 C-x $" to | |
| 4022 get an overview of just the questions. Then, when you want to look at the text | |
| 4023 of the answers, just type "C-x $". | |
| 4024 | |
| 4025 To search for a question numbered XXX, type "M-C-s ^XXX:", followed by a C-r if | |
| 4026 that doesn't work, then type ESC to end the search. | |
| 4027 | |
| 4028 A `+' in the 78th column means something was inserted on the line. A `-' means | |
| 4029 something was deleted and a `!' means some combination of insertions and | |
| 4030 deletions occurred. | |
| 4031 | |
| 4032 Full instructions for getting the latest FAQ are in question 22. Also see the | |
| 4033 `Introduction to news.answers' posting in the `news.answers' newsgroup, or send | |
| 4034 e-mail to `mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu' with `help' on a body line, or use FTP, | |
| 4035 WAIS, or Prospero to rtfm.mit.edu. | |
| 134 | 4036 |
| 4037 | |
| 597 | 4038 |
| 1736 | 4039 Mail and News |
| 134 | 4040 |
| 1736 | 4041 152: How do I change the included text prefix in mail/news followups? |
| 4042 | |
| 4043 Many people want Emacs to prefix included text with something like ` > ' | |
| 4044 instead of with three spaces. One way is to change the code of the | |
| 4045 function `mail-yank-original' in lisp/sendmail.el that prefixes with | |
| 4046 spaces. A more flexible solution is to use Supercite, which provides wide | |
| 4047 configurability in how you format included text in replies. See question | |
| 4048 107. Both of these solutions work for RMAIL and GNUS. | |
| 4049 | |
| 4050 A related problem is how to prevent Emacs from including various headers | |
| 4051 of the replied-to message. For this, you should set the value of | |
| 4052 mail-yank-ignored-headers, which takes a regexp value. | |
| 4053 | |
| 4054 153: How do I save a copy of outgoing mail? | |
| 4055 | |
| 4056 Two methods: | |
| 4057 | |
| 4058 1. (setq mail-self-blind t) will result in a `BCC:' header line with your | |
| 4059 address being added to mail composition buffers. This will cause the | |
| 4060 mail system to send a copy of the mail back to you. | |
| 4061 | |
| 4062 2. (setq mail-archive-file-name (expand-file-name "~/outgoing")) will | |
| 4063 result in an `FCC:' header line with the pathname of ~/outgoing being | |
| 4064 added to mail composition buffers. When you send the mail, Emacs will | |
| 4065 save a copy of the mail in the file ~/outgoing and then strip off the | |
| 4066 `FCC:' line before actually sending. | |
| 4067 | |
| 4068 WARNING: There is a bug in Emacs 18.58 that prevents mail readers such | |
| 4069 as RMAIL from reading the saved mail messages individually. See | |
| 4070 question 155. | |
| 4071 | |
| 4072 WARNING: If you are visiting the file ~/outgoing at the time you send | |
| 4073 the mail, this can cause a variety of horrible problems. Jamie | |
| 4074 Zawinski has written a solution for this. | |
| 4075 | |
| 4076 It does not work to put `set record filename' in the .mailrc file. | |
| 4077 | |
| 4078 154: Why doesn't Emacs expand my aliases when sending mail? | |
| 4079 | |
| 4080 * You must separate multiple addresses in the headers of the mail buffer | |
| 597 | 4081 with commas. This is because Emacs supports RFC822 standard addresses |
| 4082 like this one: | |
| 4083 | |
| 1736 | 4084 To: Willy Smith <wks@xpnsv.lwyrs.com> |
| 4085 | |
| 4086 However, you do not need to separate addresses with commas in your | |
| 4087 .mailrc file. | |
| 4088 | |
| 4089 WARNING: Emacs breaks up aliases in the .mailrc file into multiple | |
| 4090 addresses both on commas and on whitespace, regardless of any use of | |
| 4091 quotes. This is probably a bug. You can get around this by directly | |
| 4092 setting the value of mail-aliases. | |
| 4093 | |
| 4094 * Emacs normally only reads the `.mailrc' file once per session, when you | |
| 597 | 4095 start to compose your first mail message. If you edit .mailrc, you can |
| 4096 type "M-ESC (build-mail-aliases) RET" to make Emacs reread .mailrc. | |
| 4097 (You have to include the parentheses where they are shown!) | |
| 4098 | |
| 4099 * Emacs does not interpret vendor-specific additions to the format of the | |
| 1736 | 4100 .mailrc file such as the `source' command. It also ignores any `set' |
| 4101 commands. The only commands it looks at are `alias' and `group' | |
| 4102 commands. | |
| 4103 | |
| 4104 155: Why does RMAIL think all my saved messages are one big message? | |
| 4105 | |
| 4106 There is a bug for FCC-ed messages in Emacs 18.58 where it adds a timezone | |
| 4107 on the "From " line after the year instead of before the year. (Before it | |
| 4108 didn't add the timezone at all.) This is incompatible with the standard | |
| 4109 format for the "From " line, and RMAIL in particular can no longer | |
| 4110 distinguish between the messages. Karl Berry <karl@cs.umb.edu>, Felix Lee | |
| 4111 <flee@cs.psu.edu>, Nick Gianniotis <nico@japan.sbi.com> and many | |
| 4112 others have all posted patches for this. Karl's is the simplest and just | |
| 4113 stops Emacs from adding the timezone: | |
| 4114 | |
| 4115 >*** ./ORIG/sendmail.el Tue Jan 28 16:22:56 1992 | |
| 4116 >--- ./sendmail.el Thu May 14 18:23:48 1992 | |
| 4117 >*************** | |
| 4118 >*** 285,287 **** | |
| 4119 > (insert "\nFrom " (user-login-name) " " | |
| 4120 >! (current-time-string) " " timezone "\n") | |
| 4121 > (insert-buffer-substring rmailbuf) | |
| 4122 >--- 285,287 ---- | |
| 4123 > (insert "\nFrom " (user-login-name) " " | |
| 4124 >! (current-time-string) "\n") | |
| 4125 > (insert-buffer-substring rmailbuf) | |
| 4126 | |
| 4127 156: How can I sort the messages in my RMAIL folder? | |
| 4128 | |
| 4129 Use rmailsort.el by Masanobu Umeda. | |
| 4130 | |
| 4131 157: Why does RMAIL need to write to /usr/spool/mail? | |
| 4132 | |
| 4133 This is the behavior of the `movemail' program which RMAIL uses. This | |
| 4134 indicates that movemail is configured to use lock files. | |
| 4135 | |
| 4136 RMS writes: | |
| 4137 | |
| 4138 Certain systems require lock files to interlock access to mail files. | |
| 4139 On these systems, movemail must write lock files, or you risk losing | |
| 4140 mail. You simply must arrange to let movemail write them. | |
| 4141 | |
| 4142 Other systems use the flock system call to interlock access. On these | |
| 4143 systems, you should configure movemail to use flock. | |
| 4144 | |
| 4145 158: How do I recover my mail files after RMAIL munges their format? | |
| 597 | 4146 |
| 4147 Users who just want to try RMAIL out to see how it works end up trapped | |
| 1736 | 4148 using it because saved mail in their `mbox' file has been converted into |
| 597 | 4149 an incompatible format (BABYL) that only RMAIL understands. RMAIL |
| 1736 | 4150 provides no obvious way to reverse this transformation. Kyle Jones has |
| 4151 aptly named this "the great Emacs Mail Eating Monster". To convert a mail | |
| 597 | 4152 file back to standard Unix format, there are several methods: |
| 4153 | |
| 4154 * Use the rmail-output ("C-o") command within RMAIL on each message in the | |
| 4155 file. First use M-x rmail or M-x rmail-input to visit the RMAIL file in | |
| 4156 Rmail mode. Type "1 j" to go to the first message. Use the C-o command | |
| 4157 to output the message to a Unix format file. Type "n" to go to the next | |
| 4158 message. Repeat. | |
| 4159 | |
| 4160 * If the file contains hundreds of messages, you may not want to repeat | |
| 4161 this for all of them. Instead of the above, after getting to the first | |
| 4162 message type this (where "mbox" is the file you want to put the messages | |
| 4163 in): | |
| 4164 | |
| 4165 C-x ( C-o mbox RET M-s ^From: RET M-0 C-x ) | |
| 4166 | |
| 4167 (The rmail-search command ("M-s") is used instead of just "n" because it | |
| 4168 is the only command which will cause an error when it reaches the last | |
| 4169 message in the file, which is necessary to terminate the keyboard macro. | |
| 4170 This will fail if there are messages in the file that don't have a | |
| 4171 `From:' header. This assumes rmail-delete-after-output is nil.) | |
| 4172 | |
| 4173 It is wise to save a copy of the RMAIL file first, in case you make a | |
| 4174 mistake. | |
| 4175 | |
| 4176 * There are software packages available for converting files or even | |
| 4177 entire directories of BABYL files to standard Unix format. These are | |
| 4178 helpful in this situation, but are intended mainly for people who have | |
| 4179 used RMAIL for a long time and are converting to some other mail reader. | |
| 4180 Lookup `rmail', `vm', and `babyl' in the Emacs Lisp Archive (see | |
| 1736 | 4181 question 89). |
| 597 | 4182 |
| 4183 You may wish to disable RMAIL to avoid accidentally destroying your mbox | |
| 4184 file (I have this in my .emacs): | |
| 4185 | |
| 4186 (put 'rmail 'disabled t) ; avoid mbox destruction | |
| 4187 | |
| 1736 | 4188 159: How do I make Emacs automatically start my mail/news reader? |
| 4189 | |
| 4190 Example: | |
| 4191 | |
| 4192 emacs -f gnus | |
| 4193 | |
| 4194 Also: | |
| 4195 | |
| 4196 alias gnus 'emacs -f gnus' | |
| 4197 | |
| 4198 It is probably unwise to automatically start your mail or news reader from | |
| 4199 your .emacs file. This would cause problems if you needed to run two | |
| 4200 copies of Emacs at one time. Also, this would make it difficult for you | |
| 4201 to start Emacs quickly when you needed to. | |
| 4202 | |
| 4203 160: How do I read news under Emacs? | |
| 597 | 4204 |
| 4205 There are at least three news reading packages that operate inside Emacs. | |
| 1736 | 4206 `rnews' comes with Emacs. GNUS and Gnews come separately. rnews will |
| 597 | 4207 be replaced by GNUS in Emacs 19. |
| 4208 | |
| 4209 rnews works only with a local news spool directory. Both GNUS and Gnews | |
| 4210 handle reading news remotely via NNTP in addition to reading from a local | |
| 4211 news spool. GNUS supports reading mail stored in MH folders or articles | |
| 4212 saved by GNUS. | |
| 4213 | |
| 1736 | 4214 Gnews is styled after `rn' and seems to work like RMAIL. GNUS feels more |
| 597 | 4215 like VM. People have complained that GNUS uses a lot of CPU time (it |
| 4216 does). Some people have complained that Gnews is slower than GNUS. | |
| 4217 | |
| 1736 | 4218 For more information about GNUS, see question 108. |
| 597 | 4219 |
| 4220 Gnews was written by Matthew P. Wiener <weemba@libra.wistar.upenn.edu>. | |
| 4221 The latest version seems to be 2.0, posted October 3, 1988. Matthew | |
| 4222 posted some fixes on October 26, 1988. Gnews does not appear to have been | |
| 4223 supported after this date. In particular, it has been reported that Gnews | |
| 4224 does not work with Emacs 18.57. There is a newsgroup for Gnews called | |
| 134 | 4225 gnu.emacs.gnews. |
| 4226 | |
| 1736 | 4227 161: Why does `rnews' say "No News is good news" when there is news? |
| 4228 | |
| 4229 rnews doesn't speak NNTP. You may need to use GNUS or Gnews. | |
| 4230 | |
| 4231 162: Why doesn't GNUS work anymore via NNTP? | |
| 4232 | |
| 4233 There is a bug in NNTP version 1.5.10, such that when multiple requests | |
| 4234 are sent to the NNTP server, the server only handles the first one before | |
| 4235 blocking waiting for more input which never comes. NNTP version 1.5.11 | |
| 4236 claims to fix this. | |
| 4237 | |
| 4238 You can work around the bug inside Emacs like this: | |
| 4239 | |
| 4240 (setq nntp-maximum-request 1) | |
| 4241 | |
| 4242 I also have a patch for NNTP 1.5.10 by Mike Pelletier | |
| 4243 <stealth@engin.umich.edu> that is based on the timeout code that was in | |
| 4244 1.5.9. However, please try to upgrade to 1.5.11 first. | |
| 4245 | |
| 4246 You can find out what version of NNTP your news server is running by | |
| 4247 telnetting to the NNTP port (usually 119) on the news server machine (ie., | |
| 4248 `telnet server-machine 119'). The server should give its version number | |
| 4249 in the welcome message. Type `quit' to get out. | |
| 4250 | |
| 4251 163: How do I view text with embedded underlining (eg., ClariNews)? | |
| 4252 | |
| 4253 Underlining appears like this: | |
| 4254 | |
| 4255 _^Hu_^Hn_^Hd_^He_^Hr_^Hl_^Hi_^Hn_^Hi_^Hn_^Hg | |
| 4256 | |
| 4257 You can destructively remove underlining with M-x ununderline-region. | |
| 4258 | |
| 4259 For ClariNews articles, clari-clean.el by David N. Blank-Edelman | |
| 4260 <dnb@meshugge.media.mit.edu> will remove both underlining and overstriking | |
| 4261 automatically. | |
| 4262 | |
| 4263 164: When I try to post a long article in GNUS (about 10K or longer), I get | |
| 4264 the error, "Writing to process: no more processes, nntpd" | |
| 4265 | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
4266 Upgrade to Emacs 18.58 or higher. |
| 1736 | 4267 |
| 4268 165: How do I save all the items of a multi-part posting in GNUS? | |
| 4269 | |
| 4270 Use gnus-mark.el by Jamie Zawinski <jwz@lucid.com>. | |
| 4271 | |
| 4272 166: Why does GNUS put the subjects in replies beyond the 80th column? | |
| 4273 | |
| 4274 This is a feature. If you set gnus-thread-hide-subject to non-nil, GNUS | |
| 4275 will only display the subject of the first posting in a thread, even if | |
| 4276 some of the replies use different subjects. It hides the subjects by | |
| 4277 putting them past the edge of the window and setting truncate lines to t. | |
| 4278 | |
| 4279 If your screen looks messed up, then for some reason truncate-lines in | |
| 4280 your `*Subject*' buffer has been set to nil. It should be set to t. | |
| 4281 | |
| 4282 (I have an enhancement to GNUS 3.13 that will make it only hide the subject | |
| 4283 of a posting when it is unchanged from the followed-up-to posting. Thus, | |
| 4284 you can use the subject hiding feature and still know when someone changes | |
| 4285 the subject. (I have forgotten who originally gave me the idea for this.)) | |
| 4286 | |
| 4287 167: Why is GNUS so slow to start up? | |
| 4288 | |
| 4289 GNUS does several things that take quadratic time of the number of | |
| 4290 newsgroups that are listed in .newsrc. The quick fix for this is to | |
| 4291 remove all the newsgroups in which you have no interest from your .newrc | |
| 4292 file by using GNUS's C-k command in the `*Newsgroup*' buffer after | |
| 4293 displaying all newsgroups with the L command. If you were to directly | |
| 4294 edit your .newsrc to remove the newsgroups, GNUS would add them back. | |
| 4295 | |
| 4296 GNUS uses a quadratic algorithm to check for duplicates when the .newsrc | |
| 4297 file is newer than the .newsrc.el file (ie., you edited your .newsrc). | |
| 4298 GNUS uses a quadratic algorithm to check for new newsgroups every time it | |
| 4299 connects to the news server. {There may be other quadratic algorithms | |
| 4300 that I am not aware of.} | |
| 4301 | |
| 4302 You can speed up GNUS by using the C-k command in the *Newsgroup* buffer | |
| 4303 to remove newsgroups from your .newsrc file. | |
| 4304 | |
| 4305 Of course, GNUS will run faster if you make sure it is byte-compiled. | |
| 4306 | |
| 4307 Felix Lee wrote some enhancements called `gnus-speedups.el' that fix some | |
| 4308 of the problems. See the Emacs Lisp Archive. | |
| 4309 | |
| 4310 168: How do I catch up all newsgroups in GNUS? | |
| 4311 | |
| 4312 In the `*Newsgroup*' buffer, type the following magical incantation: | |
| 4313 | |
| 4314 M-< C-x ( C-@ c y C-u C-@ C-e C-f C-f M-0 C-x ) | |
| 4315 | |
| 4316 Leave off the "M-<" if you only want to catch up from point to the end of | |
| 4317 the `*Newsgroup' buffer. | |
| 4318 | |
| 4319 169: Why can't I kill in GNUS on the Newsgroups/Keywords/Control line? | |
| 4320 | |
| 4321 GNUS 3.14.1 will complain that the `Newsgroups:', `Keywords:', and | |
| 4322 `Control:' headers are `Unknown header field's. | |
| 4323 | |
| 4324 For the `Newsgroups:' header, there is an easy workaround: kill on the | |
| 4325 `Xref' header instead, which will be present on any cross-posted article. | |
| 4326 | |
| 4327 If you really want to kill on one of these headers, you can do it like | |
| 4328 this: | |
| 4329 | |
| 4330 (gnus-kill nil "^Newsgroups: .*\\(bad\\.group\\|worse\\.group\\)") | |
| 4331 | |
| 4332 Various people (eg., Greg Holley <holley@acuson.com>) have posted | |
| 4333 solutions to allow more efficient killing on these headers than the | |
| 4334 preceding solution. Masanobu Umeda plans to fix this problem. | |
| 4335 | |
| 4336 170: How do I get rid of flashing messages in GNUS for slow connections? | |
| 4337 | |
| 4338 GNUS outputs "NNTP: Reading..." message and then clears them, over and | |
| 4339 over. In version 3.14.1 there is a variable named nntp-debug-read that | |
| 4340 can help. Johan Vromans <jv@mh.nl> wrote a fix. Others have also written | |
| 4341 fixes. | |
| 4342 | |
| 4343 171: Why is catch up slow in Gnews/GNUS? | |
| 4344 | |
| 4345 Because GNUS is marking crosspostings read. {I think it should do this at | |
| 4346 the time the article is read to spread out the load. Maybe someone will | |
| 4347 write the code to do this.} | |
| 4348 | |
| 4349 172: Why does GNUS hang for a long time when posting? | |
| 4350 | |
| 4351 David Lawrence <tale@uunet.uu.net> explains: | |
| 4352 | |
| 4353 The problem is almost always interaction between NNTP and C News. NNTP | |
| 4354 POST asks C News's inews to not background itself but rather hang around | |
| 4355 and give its exit status so it knows whether the post was successful. | |
| 4356 (That wait will on some systems not return the exit status of the | |
| 4357 waited for job is a different sort of problem.) It ends up taking a | |
| 4358 long time because inews is calling relaynews, which often waits for | |
| 4359 another relaynews to free the lock on the news system so it can file the | |
| 4360 article. | |
| 4361 | |
| 4362 My preferred solution is to change inews to not call relaynews, but | |
| 4363 rather use newsspool. This loses some error-catching functionality, but | |
| 4364 is for the most part safe as inews will detect a lot of the errors on | |
| 4365 its own. The C News folks have sped up inews, too, so speed should look | |
| 4366 better to most folks as that update propagates around. | |
| 4367 | |
| 4368 173: Why don't my news postings in GNUS get past the local machine? | |
| 4369 | |
| 4370 Three possible reasons: local distribution, C News date problem (see | |
| 4371 question 174, and the path problem. This piece of code may fix the path | |
| 4372 problem for you: | |
| 4373 | |
| 4374 (setq gnus-use-generic-path t) | |
| 4375 | |
| 4376 174: Why is the GNUS-generated `Date:' header invalid? | |
| 4377 | |
| 4378 GNUS generates `Date:' headers without time zones. C-News's `inews' | |
| 4379 doesn't replace it with a valid header, but will generate it if not | |
| 4380 already there. If it is invalid, the article will not be forwarded | |
| 4381 properly. Quick fix: | |
| 4382 | |
| 4383 (defun gnus-inews-date () nil) | |
| 4384 | |
|
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
4385 This is not fixed as of GNUS 3.14.1. |
| 1736 | 4386 |
| 4387 175: Why doesn't GNUS generate the `Lines:' header? | |
| 4388 | |
| 4389 GNUS was written for B news, which would generate the `Lines:' header. C | |
| 4390 news doesn't. There is a comment in C news's `inews' that you can | |
| 4391 uncomment to enable this functionality. Or you can have GNUS generate the | |
| 4392 header, for example: | |
| 4393 | |
| 4394 ;; idea by jbryans@beach.csulb.edu (Jack Bryans) | |
| 4395 (defun add-lines-header () | |
| 4396 ;; Count the number of lines in the current posting and insert the | |
| 4397 ;; header line Lines into the message. | |
| 4398 (save-excursion | |
| 4399 (goto-char (point-min)) | |
| 4400 (if (search-forward "\n\n") ;; ***** I suspect this is wrong ***** | |
| 4401 (let ((lines (count-lines (point) (point-max)))) | |
| 4402 (forward-line -1) | |
| 4403 (insert-string "Lines: " lines "\n"))))) | |
| 4404 | |
| 4405 Mike Williams <mike-w@cs.aukuni.ac.nz> has written something similar. | |
| 4406 | |
| 4407 Ronald Florence <ron@mlfarm.com> has a patch for GNUS that makes it | |
| 4408 calculate the `Lines:' header for incoming articles when necessary that | |
| 4409 works for sites with local news spools. | |
| 4410 | |
| 4411 David Lawrence <tale@uunet.uu.net> says that GNUS 3.14.1 generates Lines | |
| 4412 if gnus-news-system is Cnews. | |
| 4413 | |
| 4414 176: Why do I get "Cannot open load file" "nntp" when compiling GNUS? | |
| 4415 | |
| 4416 Specifically, the error message is this: | |
| 4417 | |
| 4418 Error occurred processing gnus.el: File error (("Cannot open load file" "nntp")) | |
| 4419 | |
| 4420 This means that nntp.el is not in Emacs's load-path, which is easy to | |
| 4421 happen when compiling using the Makefile. | |
| 4422 | |
| 4423 Easiest solution: set EMACSLOADPATH in Makefile (idea from Glenn Gribble | |
| 4424 <glenn@netcom.com>): | |
| 4425 | |
| 4426 EMACSLOADPATH=/usr/local/emacs/lisp:. | |
| 4427 ELC= env EMACSLOADPATH=$(EMACSLOADPATH) emacs -batch -f batch-byte-compile | |
| 4428 | |
| 4429 Another solution, in hack.el put this: | |
| 4430 | |
| 4431 (defun gross-hack () (setq load-path (cons "/directory" load-path))) | |
| 4432 | |
| 4433 Then in Makefile: | |
| 4434 | |
| 4435 ELC= emacs -batch -l hack.el -f gross-hack -f batch-byte-compile | |
| 4436 | |
| 4437 177: How do I kill all articles in GNUS but those matching a pattern? | |
| 4438 | |
| 4439 Example: | |
| 4440 | |
| 4441 ;; kill everything | |
| 4442 (gnus-kill "subject" "" nil nil) | |
| 4443 ;; then restore stuff by our favorite poster | |
| 4444 (gnus-kill "from" "good-guy" | |
| 4445 (function | |
| 4446 (lambda () | |
| 4447 (if (eq ?X (char-after (save-excursion | |
| 4448 (beginning-of-line 1) | |
| 4449 (point)))) | |
| 4450 (gnus-Subject-clear-mark-forward 1)))) | |
| 4451 t) | |
| 4452 | |
| 4453 | |
| 4454 | |
| 4455 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| 4456 Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992 Joseph Brian Wells | |
| 4457 Copyright (C) 1992, 1993 Steven Byrnes | |
| 4458 | |
| 4459 This list of frequently asked questions about GNU Emacs with answers | |
| 4460 ("FAQ") may be translated into other languages, transformed into other | |
| 4461 formats (e.g. Texinfo, Info, WWW, WAIS, etc.), and updated with new | |
| 4462 information. The same conditions apply to any derivative of the FAQ as | |
| 4463 apply to the FAQ itself. Every copy of the FAQ must include this notice | |
| 4464 or an approved translation, information on who is currently maintaining | |
| 4465 the FAQ and how to contact them (including their e-mail address), and | |
| 4466 information on where the latest version of the FAQ is archived (including | |
| 4467 FTP information). The FAQ may be copied and redistributed under these | |
| 4468 conditions, except that the FAQ may not be embedded in a larger literary | |
| 4469 work unless that work itself allows free copying and redistribution. |