annotate lispref/commands.texi @ 69621:3b0e92d2bf0a

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author Carsten Dominik <dominik@science.uva.nl>
date Tue, 21 Mar 2006 13:36:56 +0000
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1 @c -*-texinfo-*-
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2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual.
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2003,
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4 @c 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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5 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions.
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6 @setfilename ../info/commands
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7 @node Command Loop, Keymaps, Minibuffers, Top
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8 @chapter Command Loop
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9 @cindex editor command loop
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10 @cindex command loop
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11
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12 When you run Emacs, it enters the @dfn{editor command loop} almost
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13 immediately. This loop reads key sequences, executes their definitions,
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14 and displays the results. In this chapter, we describe how these things
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15 are done, and the subroutines that allow Lisp programs to do them.
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16
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17 @menu
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18 * Command Overview:: How the command loop reads commands.
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19 * Defining Commands:: Specifying how a function should read arguments.
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20 * Interactive Call:: Calling a command, so that it will read arguments.
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21 * Command Loop Info:: Variables set by the command loop for you to examine.
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22 * Adjusting Point:: Adjustment of point after a command.
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23 * Input Events:: What input looks like when you read it.
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24 * Reading Input:: How to read input events from the keyboard or mouse.
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25 * Special Events:: Events processed immediately and individually.
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26 * Waiting:: Waiting for user input or elapsed time.
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27 * Quitting:: How @kbd{C-g} works. How to catch or defer quitting.
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28 * Prefix Command Arguments:: How the commands to set prefix args work.
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29 * Recursive Editing:: Entering a recursive edit,
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30 and why you usually shouldn't.
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31 * Disabling Commands:: How the command loop handles disabled commands.
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32 * Command History:: How the command history is set up, and how accessed.
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33 * Keyboard Macros:: How keyboard macros are implemented.
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34 @end menu
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35
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36 @node Command Overview
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37 @section Command Loop Overview
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38
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39 The first thing the command loop must do is read a key sequence, which
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40 is a sequence of events that translates into a command. It does this by
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41 calling the function @code{read-key-sequence}. Your Lisp code can also
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42 call this function (@pxref{Key Sequence Input}). Lisp programs can also
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43 do input at a lower level with @code{read-event} (@pxref{Reading One
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44 Event}) or discard pending input with @code{discard-input}
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45 (@pxref{Event Input Misc}).
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46
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47 The key sequence is translated into a command through the currently
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48 active keymaps. @xref{Key Lookup}, for information on how this is done.
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49 The result should be a keyboard macro or an interactively callable
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50 function. If the key is @kbd{M-x}, then it reads the name of another
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51 command, which it then calls. This is done by the command
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52 @code{execute-extended-command} (@pxref{Interactive Call}).
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53
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54 To execute a command requires first reading the arguments for it.
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55 This is done by calling @code{command-execute} (@pxref{Interactive
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56 Call}). For commands written in Lisp, the @code{interactive}
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57 specification says how to read the arguments. This may use the prefix
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58 argument (@pxref{Prefix Command Arguments}) or may read with prompting
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59 in the minibuffer (@pxref{Minibuffers}). For example, the command
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60 @code{find-file} has an @code{interactive} specification which says to
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61 read a file name using the minibuffer. The command's function body does
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62 not use the minibuffer; if you call this command from Lisp code as a
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63 function, you must supply the file name string as an ordinary Lisp
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64 function argument.
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65
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66 If the command is a string or vector (i.e., a keyboard macro) then
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67 @code{execute-kbd-macro} is used to execute it. You can call this
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68 function yourself (@pxref{Keyboard Macros}).
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69
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70 To terminate the execution of a running command, type @kbd{C-g}. This
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71 character causes @dfn{quitting} (@pxref{Quitting}).
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72
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73 @defvar pre-command-hook
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74 The editor command loop runs this normal hook before each command. At
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75 that time, @code{this-command} contains the command that is about to
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76 run, and @code{last-command} describes the previous command.
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77 @xref{Command Loop Info}.
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78 @end defvar
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79
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80 @defvar post-command-hook
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81 The editor command loop runs this normal hook after each command
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82 (including commands terminated prematurely by quitting or by errors),
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83 and also when the command loop is first entered. At that time,
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84 @code{this-command} refers to the command that just ran, and
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85 @code{last-command} refers to the command before that.
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86 @end defvar
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87
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88 Quitting is suppressed while running @code{pre-command-hook} and
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89 @code{post-command-hook}. If an error happens while executing one of
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90 these hooks, it terminates execution of the hook, and clears the hook
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91 variable to @code{nil} so as to prevent an infinite loop of errors.
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92
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93 A request coming into the Emacs server (@pxref{Emacs Server,,,
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94 emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}) runs these two hooks just as a keyboard
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95 command does.
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96
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97 @node Defining Commands
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98 @section Defining Commands
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99 @cindex defining commands
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100 @cindex commands, defining
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101 @cindex functions, making them interactive
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102 @cindex interactive function
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103
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104 A Lisp function becomes a command when its body contains, at top
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105 level, a form that calls the special form @code{interactive}. This
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106 form does nothing when actually executed, but its presence serves as a
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107 flag to indicate that interactive calling is permitted. Its argument
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108 controls the reading of arguments for an interactive call.
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109
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110 @menu
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111 * Using Interactive:: General rules for @code{interactive}.
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112 * Interactive Codes:: The standard letter-codes for reading arguments
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113 in various ways.
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114 * Interactive Examples:: Examples of how to read interactive arguments.
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115 @end menu
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116
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117 @node Using Interactive
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118 @subsection Using @code{interactive}
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119
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120 This section describes how to write the @code{interactive} form that
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121 makes a Lisp function an interactively-callable command, and how to
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122 examine a command's @code{interactive} form.
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123
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124 @defspec interactive arg-descriptor
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125 @cindex argument descriptors
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126 This special form declares that the function in which it appears is a
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127 command, and that it may therefore be called interactively (via
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128 @kbd{M-x} or by entering a key sequence bound to it). The argument
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129 @var{arg-descriptor} declares how to compute the arguments to the
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130 command when the command is called interactively.
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131
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132 A command may be called from Lisp programs like any other function, but
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133 then the caller supplies the arguments and @var{arg-descriptor} has no
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134 effect.
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135
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136 The @code{interactive} form has its effect because the command loop
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137 (actually, its subroutine @code{call-interactively}) scans through the
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138 function definition looking for it, before calling the function. Once
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139 the function is called, all its body forms including the
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140 @code{interactive} form are executed, but at this time
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141 @code{interactive} simply returns @code{nil} without even evaluating its
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142 argument.
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143 @end defspec
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144
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145 There are three possibilities for the argument @var{arg-descriptor}:
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146
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147 @itemize @bullet
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148 @item
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149 It may be omitted or @code{nil}; then the command is called with no
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150 arguments. This leads quickly to an error if the command requires one
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151 or more arguments.
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152
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153 @item
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154 @cindex argument prompt
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155 It may be a string; then its contents should consist of a code character
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156 followed by a prompt (which some code characters use and some ignore).
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157 The prompt ends either with the end of the string or with a newline.
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158 Here is a simple example:
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159
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160 @smallexample
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161 (interactive "bFrobnicate buffer: ")
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162 @end smallexample
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163
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164 @noindent
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165 The code letter @samp{b} says to read the name of an existing buffer,
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166 with completion. The buffer name is the sole argument passed to the
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167 command. The rest of the string is a prompt.
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168
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169 If there is a newline character in the string, it terminates the prompt.
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170 If the string does not end there, then the rest of the string should
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171 contain another code character and prompt, specifying another argument.
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172 You can specify any number of arguments in this way.
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173
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174 @c Emacs 19 feature
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175 The prompt string can use @samp{%} to include previous argument values
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176 (starting with the first argument) in the prompt. This is done using
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177 @code{format} (@pxref{Formatting Strings}). For example, here is how
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178 you could read the name of an existing buffer followed by a new name to
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179 give to that buffer:
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180
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181 @smallexample
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182 @group
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183 (interactive "bBuffer to rename: \nsRename buffer %s to: ")
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184 @end group
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185 @end smallexample
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186
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187 @cindex @samp{*} in @code{interactive}
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188 @cindex read-only buffers in interactive
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189 If the first character in the string is @samp{*}, then an error is
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190 signaled if the buffer is read-only.
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191
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192 @cindex @samp{@@} in @code{interactive}
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193 @c Emacs 19 feature
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194 If the first character in the string is @samp{@@}, and if the key
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195 sequence used to invoke the command includes any mouse events, then
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196 the window associated with the first of those events is selected
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197 before the command is run.
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198
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199 You can use @samp{*} and @samp{@@} together; the order does not matter.
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200 Actual reading of arguments is controlled by the rest of the prompt
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201 string (starting with the first character that is not @samp{*} or
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202 @samp{@@}).
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203
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204 @item
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205 It may be a Lisp expression that is not a string; then it should be a
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206 form that is evaluated to get a list of arguments to pass to the
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207 command. Usually this form will call various functions to read input
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208 from the user, most often through the minibuffer (@pxref{Minibuffers})
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209 or directly from the keyboard (@pxref{Reading Input}).
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210 @cindex argument evaluation form
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211
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212 Providing point or the mark as an argument value is also common, but
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213 if you do this @emph{and} read input (whether using the minibuffer or
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214 not), be sure to get the integer values of point or the mark after
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215 reading. The current buffer may be receiving subprocess output; if
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216 subprocess output arrives while the command is waiting for input, it
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217 could relocate point and the mark.
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218
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219 Here's an example of what @emph{not} to do:
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220
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221 @smallexample
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222 (interactive
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223 (list (region-beginning) (region-end)
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224 (read-string "Foo: " nil 'my-history)))
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225 @end smallexample
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226
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227 @noindent
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228 Here's how to avoid the problem, by examining point and the mark after
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229 reading the keyboard input:
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230
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231 @smallexample
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232 (interactive
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233 (let ((string (read-string "Foo: " nil 'my-history)))
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234 (list (region-beginning) (region-end) string)))
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235 @end smallexample
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236 @end itemize
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237
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238 @cindex examining the @code{interactive} form
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239 @defun interactive-form function
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240 This function returns the @code{interactive} form of @var{function}.
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241 If @var{function} is an interactively callable function
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242 (@pxref{Interactive Call}), the value is the command's
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243 @code{interactive} form @code{(interactive @var{spec})}, which
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244 specifies how to compute its arguments. Otherwise, the value is
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245 @code{nil}. If @var{function} is a symbol, its function definition is
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246 used.
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247 @end defun
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248
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249 @node Interactive Codes
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250 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
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251 @subsection Code Characters for @code{interactive}
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252 @cindex interactive code description
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253 @cindex description for interactive codes
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254 @cindex codes, interactive, description of
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255 @cindex characters for interactive codes
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256
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257 The code character descriptions below contain a number of key words,
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258 defined here as follows:
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259
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260 @table @b
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261 @item Completion
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262 @cindex interactive completion
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263 Provide completion. @key{TAB}, @key{SPC}, and @key{RET} perform name
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264 completion because the argument is read using @code{completing-read}
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265 (@pxref{Completion}). @kbd{?} displays a list of possible completions.
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266
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267 @item Existing
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268 Require the name of an existing object. An invalid name is not
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269 accepted; the commands to exit the minibuffer do not exit if the current
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270 input is not valid.
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271
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272 @item Default
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273 @cindex default argument string
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274 A default value of some sort is used if the user enters no text in the
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275 minibuffer. The default depends on the code character.
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276
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277 @item No I/O
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278 This code letter computes an argument without reading any input.
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279 Therefore, it does not use a prompt string, and any prompt string you
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280 supply is ignored.
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281
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282 Even though the code letter doesn't use a prompt string, you must follow
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283 it with a newline if it is not the last code character in the string.
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284
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285 @item Prompt
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286 A prompt immediately follows the code character. The prompt ends either
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287 with the end of the string or with a newline.
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288
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289 @item Special
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290 This code character is meaningful only at the beginning of the
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291 interactive string, and it does not look for a prompt or a newline.
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292 It is a single, isolated character.
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293 @end table
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294
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295 @cindex reading interactive arguments
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296 Here are the code character descriptions for use with @code{interactive}:
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297
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298 @table @samp
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299 @item *
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300 Signal an error if the current buffer is read-only. Special.
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301
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302 @item @@
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303 Select the window mentioned in the first mouse event in the key
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304 sequence that invoked this command. Special.
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305
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306 @item a
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307 A function name (i.e., a symbol satisfying @code{fboundp}). Existing,
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308 Completion, Prompt.
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309
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310 @item b
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311 The name of an existing buffer. By default, uses the name of the
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312 current buffer (@pxref{Buffers}). Existing, Completion, Default,
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313 Prompt.
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314
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315 @item B
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316 A buffer name. The buffer need not exist. By default, uses the name of
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317 a recently used buffer other than the current buffer. Completion,
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318 Default, Prompt.
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319
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320 @item c
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321 A character. The cursor does not move into the echo area. Prompt.
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322
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323 @item C
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324 A command name (i.e., a symbol satisfying @code{commandp}). Existing,
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325 Completion, Prompt.
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326
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327 @item d
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328 @cindex position argument
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329 The position of point, as an integer (@pxref{Point}). No I/O.
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330
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331 @item D
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332 A directory name. The default is the current default directory of the
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333 current buffer, @code{default-directory} (@pxref{File Name Expansion}).
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334 Existing, Completion, Default, Prompt.
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335
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336 @item e
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337 The first or next mouse event in the key sequence that invoked the command.
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338 More precisely, @samp{e} gets events that are lists, so you can look at
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339 the data in the lists. @xref{Input Events}. No I/O.
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340
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341 You can use @samp{e} more than once in a single command's interactive
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342 specification. If the key sequence that invoked the command has
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343 @var{n} events that are lists, the @var{n}th @samp{e} provides the
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344 @var{n}th such event. Events that are not lists, such as function keys
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345 and @acronym{ASCII} characters, do not count where @samp{e} is concerned.
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346
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347 @item f
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348 A file name of an existing file (@pxref{File Names}). The default
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349 directory is @code{default-directory}. Existing, Completion, Default,
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350 Prompt.
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351
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352 @item F
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353 A file name. The file need not exist. Completion, Default, Prompt.
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354
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355 @item G
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356 A file name. The file need not exist. If the user enters just a
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357 directory name, then the value is just that directory name, with no
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358 file name within the directory added. Completion, Default, Prompt.
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359
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360 @item i
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361 An irrelevant argument. This code always supplies @code{nil} as
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362 the argument's value. No I/O.
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363
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364 @item k
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365 A key sequence (@pxref{Keymap Terminology}). This keeps reading events
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366 until a command (or undefined command) is found in the current key
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367 maps. The key sequence argument is represented as a string or vector.
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368 The cursor does not move into the echo area. Prompt.
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369
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370 If @samp{k} reads a key sequence that ends with a down-event, it also
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371 reads and discards the following up-event. You can get access to that
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372 up-event with the @samp{U} code character.
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373
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374 This kind of input is used by commands such as @code{describe-key} and
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375 @code{global-set-key}.
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376
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377 @item K
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378 A key sequence, whose definition you intend to change. This works like
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379 @samp{k}, except that it suppresses, for the last input event in the key
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380 sequence, the conversions that are normally used (when necessary) to
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381 convert an undefined key into a defined one.
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382
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383 @item m
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384 @cindex marker argument
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385 The position of the mark, as an integer. No I/O.
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386
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387 @item M
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388 Arbitrary text, read in the minibuffer using the current buffer's input
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389 method, and returned as a string (@pxref{Input Methods,,, emacs, The GNU
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390 Emacs Manual}). Prompt.
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391
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392 @item n
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393 A number, read with the minibuffer. If the input is not a number, the
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394 user has to try again. @samp{n} never uses the prefix argument.
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395 Prompt.
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396
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397 @item N
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398 The numeric prefix argument; but if there is no prefix argument, read
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399 a number as with @kbd{n}. The value is always a number. @xref{Prefix
aa39f835222a (Interactive Codes): `N' uses numeric prefix, not raw. Clarify `n'.
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400 Command Arguments}. Prompt.
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401
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402 @item p
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403 @cindex numeric prefix argument usage
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404 The numeric prefix argument. (Note that this @samp{p} is lower case.)
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405 No I/O.
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406
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407 @item P
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408 @cindex raw prefix argument usage
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409 The raw prefix argument. (Note that this @samp{P} is upper case.) No
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410 I/O.
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411
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412 @item r
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413 @cindex region argument
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414 Point and the mark, as two numeric arguments, smallest first. This is
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415 the only code letter that specifies two successive arguments rather than
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416 one. No I/O.
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417
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418 @item s
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419 Arbitrary text, read in the minibuffer and returned as a string
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420 (@pxref{Text from Minibuffer}). Terminate the input with either
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421 @kbd{C-j} or @key{RET}. (@kbd{C-q} may be used to include either of
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422 these characters in the input.) Prompt.
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423
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424 @item S
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425 An interned symbol whose name is read in the minibuffer. Any whitespace
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426 character terminates the input. (Use @kbd{C-q} to include whitespace in
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427 the string.) Other characters that normally terminate a symbol (e.g.,
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428 parentheses and brackets) do not do so here. Prompt.
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429
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430 @item U
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431 A key sequence or @code{nil}. Can be used after a @samp{k} or
47b1924fe323 (Interactive Codes): Fix Texinfo usage. Document U more clearly.
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432 @samp{K} argument to get the up-event that was discarded (if any)
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433 after @samp{k} or @samp{K} read a down-event. If no up-event has been
47b1924fe323 (Interactive Codes): Fix Texinfo usage. Document U more clearly.
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434 discarded, @samp{U} provides @code{nil} as the argument. No I/O.
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diff changeset
435
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436 @item v
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437 A variable declared to be a user option (i.e., satisfying the
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
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438 predicate @code{user-variable-p}). This reads the variable using
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
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439 @code{read-variable}. @xref{Definition of read-variable}. Existing,
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440 Completion, Prompt.
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441
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442 @item x
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443 A Lisp object, specified with its read syntax, terminated with a
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444 @kbd{C-j} or @key{RET}. The object is not evaluated. @xref{Object from
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445 Minibuffer}. Prompt.
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446
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447 @item X
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448 @cindex evaluated expression argument
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449 A Lisp form's value. @samp{X} reads as @samp{x} does, then evaluates
47b1924fe323 (Interactive Codes): Fix Texinfo usage. Document U more clearly.
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450 the form so that its value becomes the argument for the command.
47b1924fe323 (Interactive Codes): Fix Texinfo usage. Document U more clearly.
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451 Prompt.
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452
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453 @item z
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
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454 A coding system name (a symbol). If the user enters null input, the
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
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455 argument value is @code{nil}. @xref{Coding Systems}. Completion,
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
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456 Existing, Prompt.
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457
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
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458 @item Z
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
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459 A coding system name (a symbol)---but only if this command has a prefix
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
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460 argument. With no prefix argument, @samp{Z} provides @code{nil} as the
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
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461 argument value. Completion, Existing, Prompt.
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462 @end table
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463
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464 @node Interactive Examples
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465 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
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466 @subsection Examples of Using @code{interactive}
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467 @cindex examples of using @code{interactive}
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468 @cindex @code{interactive}, examples of using
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469
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470 Here are some examples of @code{interactive}:
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471
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472 @example
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473 @group
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474 (defun foo1 () ; @r{@code{foo1} takes no arguments,}
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475 (interactive) ; @r{just moves forward two words.}
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476 (forward-word 2))
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477 @result{} foo1
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478 @end group
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479
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480 @group
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481 (defun foo2 (n) ; @r{@code{foo2} takes one argument,}
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482 (interactive "p") ; @r{which is the numeric prefix.}
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483 (forward-word (* 2 n)))
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484 @result{} foo2
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485 @end group
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486
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487 @group
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488 (defun foo3 (n) ; @r{@code{foo3} takes one argument,}
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489 (interactive "nCount:") ; @r{which is read with the Minibuffer.}
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490 (forward-word (* 2 n)))
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491 @result{} foo3
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492 @end group
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493
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494 @group
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495 (defun three-b (b1 b2 b3)
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496 "Select three existing buffers.
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497 Put them into three windows, selecting the last one."
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498 @end group
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499 (interactive "bBuffer1:\nbBuffer2:\nbBuffer3:")
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500 (delete-other-windows)
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501 (split-window (selected-window) 8)
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502 (switch-to-buffer b1)
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503 (other-window 1)
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504 (split-window (selected-window) 8)
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505 (switch-to-buffer b2)
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506 (other-window 1)
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507 (switch-to-buffer b3))
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508 @result{} three-b
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509 @group
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510 (three-b "*scratch*" "declarations.texi" "*mail*")
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511 @result{} nil
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512 @end group
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513 @end example
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514
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515 @node Interactive Call
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516 @section Interactive Call
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517 @cindex interactive call
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518
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519 After the command loop has translated a key sequence into a command it
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520 invokes that command using the function @code{command-execute}. If the
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521 command is a function, @code{command-execute} calls
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522 @code{call-interactively}, which reads the arguments and calls the
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523 command. You can also call these functions yourself.
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524
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525 @defun commandp object &optional for-call-interactively
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526 Returns @code{t} if @var{object} is suitable for calling interactively;
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527 that is, if @var{object} is a command. Otherwise, returns @code{nil}.
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528
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529 The interactively callable objects include strings and vectors (treated
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530 as keyboard macros), lambda expressions that contain a top-level call to
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diff changeset
531 @code{interactive}, byte-code function objects made from such lambda
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532 expressions, autoload objects that are declared as interactive
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533 (non-@code{nil} fourth argument to @code{autoload}), and some of the
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534 primitive functions.
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535
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536 A symbol satisfies @code{commandp} if its function definition
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537 satisfies @code{commandp}. Keys and keymaps are not commands.
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538 Rather, they are used to look up commands (@pxref{Keymaps}).
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539
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540 If @var{for-call-interactively} is non-@code{nil}, then
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541 @code{commandp} returns @code{t} only for objects that
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542 @code{call-interactively} could call---thus, not for keyboard macros.
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543
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544 See @code{documentation} in @ref{Accessing Documentation}, for a
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545 realistic example of using @code{commandp}.
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546 @end defun
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547
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548 @defun call-interactively command &optional record-flag keys
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549 This function calls the interactively callable function @var{command},
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550 reading arguments according to its interactive calling specifications.
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551 It returns whatever @var{command} returns. An error is signaled if
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552 @var{command} is not a function or if it cannot be called
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553 interactively (i.e., is not a command). Note that keyboard macros
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554 (strings and vectors) are not accepted, even though they are
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555 considered commands, because they are not functions. If @var{command}
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556 is a symbol, then @code{call-interactively} uses its function definition.
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557
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558 @cindex record command history
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559 If @var{record-flag} is non-@code{nil}, then this command and its
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560 arguments are unconditionally added to the list @code{command-history}.
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561 Otherwise, the command is added only if it uses the minibuffer to read
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562 an argument. @xref{Command History}.
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563
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564 The argument @var{keys}, if given, specifies the sequence of events to
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565 supply if the command inquires which events were used to invoke it.
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diff changeset
566 If @var{keys} is omitted or @code{nil}, the return value of
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567 @code{this-command-keys} is used. @xref{Definition of this-command-keys}.
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568 @end defun
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569
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570 @defun command-execute command &optional record-flag keys special
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571 @cindex keyboard macro execution
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572 This function executes @var{command}. The argument @var{command} must
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573 satisfy the @code{commandp} predicate; i.e., it must be an interactively
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574 callable function or a keyboard macro.
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575
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576 A string or vector as @var{command} is executed with
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577 @code{execute-kbd-macro}. A function is passed to
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578 @code{call-interactively}, along with the optional @var{record-flag}
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579 and @var{keys}.
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580
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581 A symbol is handled by using its function definition in its place. A
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582 symbol with an @code{autoload} definition counts as a command if it was
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583 declared to stand for an interactively callable function. Such a
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584 definition is handled by loading the specified library and then
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585 rechecking the definition of the symbol.
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586
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587 The argument @var{special}, if given, means to ignore the prefix
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588 argument and not clear it. This is used for executing special events
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589 (@pxref{Special Events}).
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590 @end defun
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591
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592 @deffn Command execute-extended-command prefix-argument
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593 @cindex read command name
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594 This function reads a command name from the minibuffer using
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595 @code{completing-read} (@pxref{Completion}). Then it uses
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596 @code{command-execute} to call the specified command. Whatever that
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597 command returns becomes the value of @code{execute-extended-command}.
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598
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599 @cindex execute with prefix argument
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600 If the command asks for a prefix argument, it receives the value
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601 @var{prefix-argument}. If @code{execute-extended-command} is called
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602 interactively, the current raw prefix argument is used for
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603 @var{prefix-argument}, and thus passed on to whatever command is run.
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604
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diff changeset
605 @c !!! Should this be @kindex?
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diff changeset
606 @cindex @kbd{M-x}
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607 @code{execute-extended-command} is the normal definition of @kbd{M-x},
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608 so it uses the string @w{@samp{M-x }} as a prompt. (It would be better
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diff changeset
609 to take the prompt from the events used to invoke
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diff changeset
610 @code{execute-extended-command}, but that is painful to implement.) A
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611 description of the value of the prefix argument, if any, also becomes
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diff changeset
612 part of the prompt.
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613
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614 @example
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615 @group
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diff changeset
616 (execute-extended-command 1)
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diff changeset
617 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ----------
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618 1 M-x forward-word RET
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619 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ----------
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620 @result{} t
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621 @end group
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622 @end example
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623 @end deffn
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624
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625 @defun interactive-p
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626 This function returns @code{t} if the containing function (the one
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627 whose code includes the call to @code{interactive-p}) was called in
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parents: 57706
diff changeset
628 direct response to user input. This means that it was called with the
aa39f835222a (Interactive Codes): `N' uses numeric prefix, not raw. Clarify `n'.
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629 function @code{call-interactively}, and that a keyboard macro is
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630 not running, and that Emacs is not running in batch mode.
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631
aa39f835222a (Interactive Codes): `N' uses numeric prefix, not raw. Clarify `n'.
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632 If the containing function was called by Lisp evaluation (or with
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parents: 57706
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633 @code{apply} or @code{funcall}), then it was not called interactively.
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634 @end defun
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635
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diff changeset
636 The most common use of @code{interactive-p} is for deciding whether
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parents: 57706
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637 to give the user additional visual feedback (such as by printing an
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diff changeset
638 informative message). For example:
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639
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640 @example
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641 @group
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642 ;; @r{Here's the usual way to use @code{interactive-p}.}
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643 (defun foo ()
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644 (interactive)
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645 (when (interactive-p)
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646 (message "foo")))
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647 @result{} foo
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648 @end group
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649
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650 @group
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aa39f835222a (Interactive Codes): `N' uses numeric prefix, not raw. Clarify `n'.
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diff changeset
651 ;; @r{This function is just to illustrate the behavior.}
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652 (defun bar ()
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parents:
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653 (interactive)
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parents:
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654 (setq foobar (list (foo) (interactive-p))))
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655 @result{} bar
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parents:
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656 @end group
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parents:
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657
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parents:
diff changeset
658 @group
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parents:
diff changeset
659 ;; @r{Type @kbd{M-x foo}.}
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parents:
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660 @print{} foo
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parents:
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661 @end group
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parents:
diff changeset
662
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parents:
diff changeset
663 @group
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parents:
diff changeset
664 ;; @r{Type @kbd{M-x bar}.}
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aa39f835222a (Interactive Codes): `N' uses numeric prefix, not raw. Clarify `n'.
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parents: 57706
diff changeset
665 ;; @r{This does not display a message.}
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diff changeset
666 @end group
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parents:
diff changeset
667
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parents:
diff changeset
668 @group
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parents:
diff changeset
669 foobar
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parents:
diff changeset
670 @result{} (nil t)
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parents:
diff changeset
671 @end group
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parents:
diff changeset
672 @end example
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
673
57741
aa39f835222a (Interactive Codes): `N' uses numeric prefix, not raw. Clarify `n'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57706
diff changeset
674 If you want to test @emph{only} whether the function was called
aa39f835222a (Interactive Codes): `N' uses numeric prefix, not raw. Clarify `n'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57706
diff changeset
675 using @code{call-interactively}, add an optional argument
aa39f835222a (Interactive Codes): `N' uses numeric prefix, not raw. Clarify `n'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57706
diff changeset
676 @code{print-message} which should be non-@code{nil} in an interactive
aa39f835222a (Interactive Codes): `N' uses numeric prefix, not raw. Clarify `n'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57706
diff changeset
677 call, and use the @code{interactive} spec to make sure it is
aa39f835222a (Interactive Codes): `N' uses numeric prefix, not raw. Clarify `n'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57706
diff changeset
678 non-@code{nil}. Here's an example:
21682
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
679
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
680 @example
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
681 (defun foo (&optional print-message)
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
682 (interactive "p")
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
683 (when print-message
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
684 (message "foo")))
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
685 @end example
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
686
52138
b740243a935b (Interactive Call): Minor clarification.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51912
diff changeset
687 @noindent
57741
aa39f835222a (Interactive Codes): `N' uses numeric prefix, not raw. Clarify `n'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57706
diff changeset
688 Defined in this way, the function does display the message when called
aa39f835222a (Interactive Codes): `N' uses numeric prefix, not raw. Clarify `n'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57706
diff changeset
689 from a keyboard macro. We use @code{"p"} because the numeric prefix
aa39f835222a (Interactive Codes): `N' uses numeric prefix, not raw. Clarify `n'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57706
diff changeset
690 argument is never @code{nil}.
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d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
691
57827
69ecb96f8494 (Interactive Call): Add called-interactively-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57741
diff changeset
692 @defun called-interactively-p
69ecb96f8494 (Interactive Call): Add called-interactively-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57741
diff changeset
693 This function returns @code{t} when the calling function was called
69ecb96f8494 (Interactive Call): Add called-interactively-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57741
diff changeset
694 using @code{call-interactively}.
69ecb96f8494 (Interactive Call): Add called-interactively-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57741
diff changeset
695
69ecb96f8494 (Interactive Call): Add called-interactively-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57741
diff changeset
696 When possible, instead of using this function, you should use the
69ecb96f8494 (Interactive Call): Add called-interactively-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57741
diff changeset
697 method in the example above; that method makes it possible for a
69ecb96f8494 (Interactive Call): Add called-interactively-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57741
diff changeset
698 caller to ``pretend'' that the function was called interactively.
69ecb96f8494 (Interactive Call): Add called-interactively-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57741
diff changeset
699 @end defun
69ecb96f8494 (Interactive Call): Add called-interactively-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57741
diff changeset
700
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
701 @node Command Loop Info
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
702 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
703 @section Information from the Command Loop
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
704
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
705 The editor command loop sets several Lisp variables to keep status
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48731
diff changeset
706 records for itself and for commands that are run.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
707
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
708 @defvar last-command
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
709 This variable records the name of the previous command executed by the
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
710 command loop (the one before the current command). Normally the value
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
711 is a symbol with a function definition, but this is not guaranteed.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
712
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
713 The value is copied from @code{this-command} when a command returns to
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
714 the command loop, except when the command has specified a prefix
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
715 argument for the following command.
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
716
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
717 This variable is always local to the current terminal and cannot be
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
718 buffer-local. @xref{Multiple Displays}.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
719 @end defvar
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
720
22440
8a51f757af2c *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22252
diff changeset
721 @defvar real-last-command
8a51f757af2c *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22252
diff changeset
722 This variable is set up by Emacs just like @code{last-command},
8a51f757af2c *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22252
diff changeset
723 but never altered by Lisp programs.
8a51f757af2c *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22252
diff changeset
724 @end defvar
8a51f757af2c *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22252
diff changeset
725
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
726 @defvar this-command
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
727 @cindex current command
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
728 This variable records the name of the command now being executed by
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
729 the editor command loop. Like @code{last-command}, it is normally a symbol
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
730 with a function definition.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
731
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
732 The command loop sets this variable just before running a command, and
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
733 copies its value into @code{last-command} when the command finishes
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
734 (unless the command specified a prefix argument for the following
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
735 command).
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
736
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
737 @cindex kill command repetition
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
738 Some commands set this variable during their execution, as a flag for
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
739 whatever command runs next. In particular, the functions for killing text
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
740 set @code{this-command} to @code{kill-region} so that any kill commands
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
741 immediately following will know to append the killed text to the
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
742 previous kill.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
743 @end defvar
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
744
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
745 If you do not want a particular command to be recognized as the previous
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
746 command in the case where it got an error, you must code that command to
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
747 prevent this. One way is to set @code{this-command} to @code{t} at the
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
748 beginning of the command, and set @code{this-command} back to its proper
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
749 value at the end, like this:
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
750
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
751 @example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
752 (defun foo (args@dots{})
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
753 (interactive @dots{})
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
754 (let ((old-this-command this-command))
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
755 (setq this-command t)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
756 @r{@dots{}do the work@dots{}}
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
757 (setq this-command old-this-command)))
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
758 @end example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
759
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 16736
diff changeset
760 @noindent
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parents: 16736
diff changeset
761 We do not bind @code{this-command} with @code{let} because that would
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
762 restore the old value in case of error---a feature of @code{let} which
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
763 in this case does precisely what we want to avoid.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
764
52185
b047788c0a9c (Interactive Call): commandp has new arg.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52138
diff changeset
765 @defvar this-original-command
b047788c0a9c (Interactive Call): commandp has new arg.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52138
diff changeset
766 This has the same value as @code{this-command} except when command
b047788c0a9c (Interactive Call): commandp has new arg.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52138
diff changeset
767 remapping occurs (@pxref{Remapping Commands}). In that case,
b047788c0a9c (Interactive Call): commandp has new arg.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52138
diff changeset
768 @code{this-command} gives the command actually run (the result of
b047788c0a9c (Interactive Call): commandp has new arg.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52138
diff changeset
769 remapping), and @code{this-original-command} gives the command that
b047788c0a9c (Interactive Call): commandp has new arg.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52138
diff changeset
770 was specified to run but remapped into another command.
b047788c0a9c (Interactive Call): commandp has new arg.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52138
diff changeset
771 @end defvar
b047788c0a9c (Interactive Call): commandp has new arg.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52138
diff changeset
772
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
773 @defun this-command-keys
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
774 @anchor{Definition of this-command-keys}
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
775 This function returns a string or vector containing the key sequence
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
776 that invoked the present command, plus any previous commands that
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
777 generated the prefix argument for this command. However, if the
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
778 command has called @code{read-key-sequence}, it returns the last read
56620
6a8f3c85339d (Key Sequence Input): Remove unnecessary anchor,
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56607
diff changeset
779 key sequence. @xref{Key Sequence Input}. The value is a string if
6a8f3c85339d (Key Sequence Input): Remove unnecessary anchor,
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56607
diff changeset
780 all events in the sequence were characters that fit in a string.
6a8f3c85339d (Key Sequence Input): Remove unnecessary anchor,
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56607
diff changeset
781 @xref{Input Events}.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
782
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
783 @example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
784 @group
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
785 (this-command-keys)
7735
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
786 ;; @r{Now use @kbd{C-u C-x C-e} to evaluate that.}
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
787 @result{} "^U^X^E"
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
788 @end group
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
789 @end example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
790 @end defun
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
791
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
792 @defun this-command-keys-vector
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
793 Like @code{this-command-keys}, except that it always returns the events
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
794 in a vector, so you don't need to deal with the complexities of storing
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
795 input events in a string (@pxref{Strings of Events}).
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
796 @end defun
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
797
24951
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
798 @tindex clear-this-command-keys
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
799 @defun clear-this-command-keys &optional keep-record
24951
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
800 This function empties out the table of events for
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
801 @code{this-command-keys} to return. Unless @var{keep-record} is
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
802 non-@code{nil}, it also empties the records that the function
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
803 @code{recent-keys} (@pxref{Recording Input}) will subsequently return.
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
804 This is useful after reading a password, to prevent the password from
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
805 echoing inadvertently as part of the next command in certain cases.
24951
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
806 @end defun
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
807
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
808 @defvar last-nonmenu-event
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
809 This variable holds the last input event read as part of a key sequence,
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
810 not counting events resulting from mouse menus.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
811
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
812 One use of this variable is for telling @code{x-popup-menu} where to pop
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
813 up a menu. It is also used internally by @code{y-or-n-p}
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
814 (@pxref{Yes-or-No Queries}).
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
815 @end defvar
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
816
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
817 @defvar last-command-event
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
818 @defvarx last-command-char
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
819 This variable is set to the last input event that was read by the
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
820 command loop as part of a command. The principal use of this variable
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
821 is in @code{self-insert-command}, which uses it to decide which
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
822 character to insert.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
823
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
824 @example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
825 @group
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
826 last-command-event
7735
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
827 ;; @r{Now use @kbd{C-u C-x C-e} to evaluate that.}
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
828 @result{} 5
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
829 @end group
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
830 @end example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
831
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
832 @noindent
52978
1a5c50faf357 Replace @sc{foo} with @acronym{FOO}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 52626
diff changeset
833 The value is 5 because that is the @acronym{ASCII} code for @kbd{C-e}.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
834
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
835 The alias @code{last-command-char} exists for compatibility with
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
836 Emacs version 18.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
837 @end defvar
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
838
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
839 @c Emacs 19 feature
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
840 @defvar last-event-frame
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
841 This variable records which frame the last input event was directed to.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
842 Usually this is the frame that was selected when the event was
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
843 generated, but if that frame has redirected input focus to another
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
844 frame, the value is the frame to which the event was redirected.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
845 @xref{Input Focus}.
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
846
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
847 If the last event came from a keyboard macro, the value is @code{macro}.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
848 @end defvar
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
849
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
850 @node Adjusting Point
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
851 @section Adjusting Point After Commands
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
852
60263
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
853 It is not easy to display a value of point in the middle of a
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
854 sequence of text that has the @code{display}, @code{composition} or
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
855 @code{intangible} property, or is invisible. Therefore, after a
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
856 command finishes and returns to the command loop, if point is within
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
857 such a sequence, the command loop normally moves point to the edge of
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
858 the sequence.
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
859
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
860 A command can inhibit this feature by setting the variable
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
861 @code{disable-point-adjustment}:
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
862
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
863 @defvar disable-point-adjustment
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
864 @tindex disable-point-adjustment
60263
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
865 If this variable is non-@code{nil} when a command returns to the
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
866 command loop, then the command loop does not check for those text
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
867 properties, and does not move point out of sequences that have them.
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
868
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
869 The command loop sets this variable to @code{nil} before each command,
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
870 so if a command sets it, the effect applies only to that command.
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
871 @end defvar
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
872
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
873 @defvar global-disable-point-adjustment
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
874 @tindex global-disable-point-adjustment
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
875 If you set this variable to a non-@code{nil} value, the feature of
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
876 moving point out of these sequences is completely turned off.
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
877 @end defvar
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
878
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
879 @node Input Events
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
880 @section Input Events
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
881 @cindex events
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
882 @cindex input events
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
883
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
884 The Emacs command loop reads a sequence of @dfn{input events} that
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
885 represent keyboard or mouse activity. The events for keyboard activity
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
886 are characters or symbols; mouse events are always lists. This section
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
887 describes the representation and meaning of input events in detail.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
888
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
889 @defun eventp object
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
890 This function returns non-@code{nil} if @var{object} is an input event
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
891 or event type.
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
892
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
893 Note that any symbol might be used as an event or an event type.
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
894 @code{eventp} cannot distinguish whether a symbol is intended by Lisp
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
895 code to be used as an event. Instead, it distinguishes whether the
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
896 symbol has actually been used in an event that has been read as input in
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
897 the current Emacs session. If a symbol has not yet been so used,
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
898 @code{eventp} returns @code{nil}.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
899 @end defun
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
900
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
901 @menu
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
902 * Keyboard Events:: Ordinary characters--keys with symbols on them.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
903 * Function Keys:: Function keys--keys with names, not symbols.
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
904 * Mouse Events:: Overview of mouse events.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
905 * Click Events:: Pushing and releasing a mouse button.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
906 * Drag Events:: Moving the mouse before releasing the button.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
907 * Button-Down Events:: A button was pushed and not yet released.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
908 * Repeat Events:: Double and triple click (or drag, or down).
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
909 * Motion Events:: Just moving the mouse, not pushing a button.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
910 * Focus Events:: Moving the mouse between frames.
56243
70734e473dc0 (Misc Events): Describe usr1-signal, usr2-signal event.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56232
diff changeset
911 * Misc Events:: Other events the system can generate.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
912 * Event Examples:: Examples of the lists for mouse events.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
913 * Classifying Events:: Finding the modifier keys in an event symbol.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
914 Event types.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
915 * Accessing Events:: Functions to extract info from events.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
916 * Strings of Events:: Special considerations for putting
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
917 keyboard character events in a string.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
918 @end menu
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
919
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
920 @node Keyboard Events
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
921 @subsection Keyboard Events
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
922
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
923 There are two kinds of input you can get from the keyboard: ordinary
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
924 keys, and function keys. Ordinary keys correspond to characters; the
21682
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
925 events they generate are represented in Lisp as characters. The event
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
926 type of a character event is the character itself (an integer); see
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
927 @ref{Classifying Events}.
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parents:
diff changeset
928
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
929 @cindex modifier bits (of input character)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
930 @cindex basic code (of input character)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
931 An input character event consists of a @dfn{basic code} between 0 and
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
932 524287, plus any or all of these @dfn{modifier bits}:
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
933
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
934 @table @asis
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
935 @item meta
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
936 The
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parents: 21007
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937 @tex
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938 @math{2^{27}}
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939 @end tex
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89afca54a135 @ifinto -> @ifnottex.
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parents: 27189
diff changeset
940 @ifnottex
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941 2**27
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parents: 27189
diff changeset
942 @end ifnottex
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
943 bit in the character code indicates a character
6260
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
944 typed with the meta key held down.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
945
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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diff changeset
946 @item control
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
947 The
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948 @tex
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949 @math{2^{26}}
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950 @end tex
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951 @ifnottex
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952 2**26
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89afca54a135 @ifinto -> @ifnottex.
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953 @end ifnottex
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1a5c50faf357 Replace @sc{foo} with @acronym{FOO}.
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parents: 52626
diff changeset
954 bit in the character code indicates a non-@acronym{ASCII}
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
955 control character.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
956
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957 @sc{ascii} control characters such as @kbd{C-a} have special basic
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parents:
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958 codes of their own, so Emacs needs no special bit to indicate them.
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parents:
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959 Thus, the code for @kbd{C-a} is just 1.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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960
52978
1a5c50faf357 Replace @sc{foo} with @acronym{FOO}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 52626
diff changeset
961 But if you type a control combination not in @acronym{ASCII}, such as
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
962 @kbd{%} with the control key, the numeric value you get is the code
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
963 for @kbd{%} plus
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964 @tex
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965 @math{2^{26}}
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966 @end tex
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89afca54a135 @ifinto -> @ifnottex.
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967 @ifnottex
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968 2**26
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89afca54a135 @ifinto -> @ifnottex.
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parents: 27189
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969 @end ifnottex
52978
1a5c50faf357 Replace @sc{foo} with @acronym{FOO}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 52626
diff changeset
970 (assuming the terminal supports non-@acronym{ASCII}
6260
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parents:
diff changeset
971 control characters).
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
972
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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973 @item shift
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
974 The
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975 @tex
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976 @math{2^{25}}
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977 @end tex
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978 @ifnottex
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979 2**25
27193
89afca54a135 @ifinto -> @ifnottex.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 27189
diff changeset
980 @end ifnottex
52978
1a5c50faf357 Replace @sc{foo} with @acronym{FOO}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 52626
diff changeset
981 bit in the character code indicates an @acronym{ASCII} control
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
982 character typed with the shift key held down.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
983
21007
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parents: 16736
diff changeset
984 For letters, the basic code itself indicates upper versus lower case;
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
985 for digits and punctuation, the shift key selects an entirely different
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
986 character with a different basic code. In order to keep within the
52978
1a5c50faf357 Replace @sc{foo} with @acronym{FOO}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 52626
diff changeset
987 @acronym{ASCII} character set whenever possible, Emacs avoids using the
21682
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988 @tex
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989 @math{2^{25}}
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990 @end tex
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parents: 27189
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991 @ifnottex
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
992 2**25
27193
89afca54a135 @ifinto -> @ifnottex.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 27189
diff changeset
993 @end ifnottex
12098
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
994 bit for those characters.
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d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
995
52978
1a5c50faf357 Replace @sc{foo} with @acronym{FOO}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 52626
diff changeset
996 However, @acronym{ASCII} provides no way to distinguish @kbd{C-A} from
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
997 @kbd{C-a}, so Emacs uses the
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diff changeset
998 @tex
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999 @math{2^{25}}
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1000 @end tex
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diff changeset
1001 @ifnottex
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diff changeset
1002 2**25
27193
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parents: 27189
diff changeset
1003 @end ifnottex
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
1004 bit in @kbd{C-A} and not in
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1005 @kbd{C-a}.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1006
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1007 @item hyper
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
1008 The
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diff changeset
1009 @tex
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1010 @math{2^{24}}
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1011 @end tex
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1012 @ifnottex
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1013 2**24
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1014 @end ifnottex
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parents: 12067
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1015 bit in the character code indicates a character
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1016 typed with the hyper key held down.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1017
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1018 @item super
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
1019 The
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diff changeset
1020 @tex
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1021 @math{2^{23}}
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1022 @end tex
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diff changeset
1023 @ifnottex
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1024 2**23
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1025 @end ifnottex
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1026 bit in the character code indicates a character
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diff changeset
1027 typed with the super key held down.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1028
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diff changeset
1029 @item alt
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diff changeset
1030 The
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1031 @tex
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1032 @math{2^{22}}
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1033 @end tex
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1034 @ifnottex
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1035 2**22
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1036 @end ifnottex
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1037 bit in the character code indicates a character typed with
6260
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parents:
diff changeset
1038 the alt key held down. (On some terminals, the key labeled @key{ALT}
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1039 is actually the meta key.)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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diff changeset
1040 @end table
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diff changeset
1041
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diff changeset
1042 It is best to avoid mentioning specific bit numbers in your program.
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
1043 To test the modifier bits of a character, use the function
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
1044 @code{event-modifiers} (@pxref{Classifying Events}). When making key
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
1045 bindings, you can use the read syntax for characters with modifier bits
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
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diff changeset
1046 (@samp{\C-}, @samp{\M-}, and so on). For making key bindings with
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
1047 @code{define-key}, you can use lists such as @code{(control hyper ?x)} to
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
1048 specify the characters (@pxref{Changing Key Bindings}). The function
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
1049 @code{event-convert-list} converts such a list into an event type
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
1050 (@pxref{Classifying Events}).
6260
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diff changeset
1051
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diff changeset
1052 @node Function Keys
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parents:
diff changeset
1053 @subsection Function Keys
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1054
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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diff changeset
1055 @cindex function keys
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parents: 6557
diff changeset
1056 Most keyboards also have @dfn{function keys}---keys that have names or
21007
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parents: 16736
diff changeset
1057 symbols that are not characters. Function keys are represented in Emacs
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diff changeset
1058 Lisp as symbols; the symbol's name is the function key's label, in lower
6557
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1059 case. For example, pressing a key labeled @key{F1} places the symbol
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1060 @code{f1} in the input stream.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1061
6557
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1062 The event type of a function key event is the event symbol itself.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
1063 @xref{Classifying Events}.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1064
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parents: 6557
diff changeset
1065 Here are a few special cases in the symbol-naming convention for
6260
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parents:
diff changeset
1066 function keys:
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1067
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1068 @table @asis
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1069 @item @code{backspace}, @code{tab}, @code{newline}, @code{return}, @code{delete}
52978
1a5c50faf357 Replace @sc{foo} with @acronym{FOO}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 52626
diff changeset
1070 These keys correspond to common @acronym{ASCII} control characters that have
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1071 special keys on most keyboards.
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1072
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1073 In @acronym{ASCII}, @kbd{C-i} and @key{TAB} are the same character. If the
6557
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1074 terminal can distinguish between them, Emacs conveys the distinction to
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diff changeset
1075 Lisp programs by representing the former as the integer 9, and the
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1076 latter as the symbol @code{tab}.
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1077
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1078 Most of the time, it's not useful to distinguish the two. So normally
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870d35f9e086 Add some xrefs.
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parents: 14499
diff changeset
1079 @code{function-key-map} (@pxref{Translating Input}) is set up to map
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parents: 14499
diff changeset
1080 @code{tab} into 9. Thus, a key binding for character code 9 (the
870d35f9e086 Add some xrefs.
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parents: 14499
diff changeset
1081 character @kbd{C-i}) also applies to @code{tab}. Likewise for the other
870d35f9e086 Add some xrefs.
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parents: 14499
diff changeset
1082 symbols in this group. The function @code{read-char} likewise converts
870d35f9e086 Add some xrefs.
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parents: 14499
diff changeset
1083 these events into characters.
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1084
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diff changeset
1085 In @acronym{ASCII}, @key{BS} is really @kbd{C-h}. But @code{backspace}
6260
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parents:
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1086 converts into the character code 127 (@key{DEL}), not into code 8
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parents:
diff changeset
1087 (@key{BS}). This is what most users prefer.
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1088
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1089 @item @code{left}, @code{up}, @code{right}, @code{down}
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1090 Cursor arrow keys
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1091 @item @code{kp-add}, @code{kp-decimal}, @code{kp-divide}, @dots{}
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1092 Keypad keys (to the right of the regular keyboard).
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parents:
diff changeset
1093 @item @code{kp-0}, @code{kp-1}, @dots{}
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parents:
diff changeset
1094 Keypad keys with digits.
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1095 @item @code{kp-f1}, @code{kp-f2}, @code{kp-f3}, @code{kp-f4}
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1096 Keypad PF keys.
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diff changeset
1097 @item @code{kp-home}, @code{kp-left}, @code{kp-up}, @code{kp-right}, @code{kp-down}
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1098 Keypad arrow keys. Emacs normally translates these into the
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diff changeset
1099 corresponding non-keypad keys @code{home}, @code{left}, @dots{}
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parents: 6557
diff changeset
1100 @item @code{kp-prior}, @code{kp-next}, @code{kp-end}, @code{kp-begin}, @code{kp-insert}, @code{kp-delete}
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parents: 6557
diff changeset
1101 Additional keypad duplicates of keys ordinarily found elsewhere. Emacs
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parents: 6557
diff changeset
1102 normally translates these into the like-named non-keypad keys.
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1103 @end table
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1104
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1105 You can use the modifier keys @key{ALT}, @key{CTRL}, @key{HYPER},
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parents: 6557
diff changeset
1106 @key{META}, @key{SHIFT}, and @key{SUPER} with function keys. The way to
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parents: 6557
diff changeset
1107 represent them is with prefixes in the symbol name:
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diff changeset
1108
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diff changeset
1109 @table @samp
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diff changeset
1110 @item A-
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1111 The alt modifier.
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diff changeset
1112 @item C-
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parents:
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1113 The control modifier.
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parents:
diff changeset
1114 @item H-
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parents:
diff changeset
1115 The hyper modifier.
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parents:
diff changeset
1116 @item M-
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parents:
diff changeset
1117 The meta modifier.
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parents:
diff changeset
1118 @item S-
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diff changeset
1119 The shift modifier.
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diff changeset
1120 @item s-
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diff changeset
1121 The super modifier.
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diff changeset
1122 @end table
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parents:
diff changeset
1123
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diff changeset
1124 Thus, the symbol for the key @key{F3} with @key{META} held down is
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4f0b260a8dd0 entered into RCS
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parents: 7735
diff changeset
1125 @code{M-f3}. When you use more than one prefix, we recommend you
6557
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1126 write them in alphabetical order; but the order does not matter in
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1127 arguments to the key-binding lookup and modification functions.
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1128
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diff changeset
1129 @node Mouse Events
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diff changeset
1130 @subsection Mouse Events
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1131
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diff changeset
1132 Emacs supports four kinds of mouse events: click events, drag events,
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diff changeset
1133 button-down events, and motion events. All mouse events are represented
53297
4c4e0f5356bf Replace all occurrences of @acronym{CAR} with @sc{car}, for
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 53183
diff changeset
1134 as lists. The @sc{car} of the list is the event type; this says which
6557
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1135 mouse button was involved, and which modifier keys were used with it.
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1136 The event type can also distinguish double or triple button presses
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1137 (@pxref{Repeat Events}). The rest of the list elements give position
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diff changeset
1138 and time information.
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diff changeset
1139
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diff changeset
1140 For key lookup, only the event type matters: two events of the same type
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1141 necessarily run the same command. The command can access the full
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1142 values of these events using the @samp{e} interactive code.
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diff changeset
1143 @xref{Interactive Codes}.
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diff changeset
1144
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diff changeset
1145 A key sequence that starts with a mouse event is read using the keymaps
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1146 of the buffer in the window that the mouse was in, not the current
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1147 buffer. This does not imply that clicking in a window selects that
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1148 window or its buffer---that is entirely under the control of the command
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1149 binding of the key sequence.
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diff changeset
1150
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diff changeset
1151 @node Click Events
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parents:
diff changeset
1152 @subsection Click Events
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parents:
diff changeset
1153 @cindex click event
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parents:
diff changeset
1154 @cindex mouse click event
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parents:
diff changeset
1155
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diff changeset
1156 When the user presses a mouse button and releases it at the same
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Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1157 location, that generates a @dfn{click} event. All mouse click event
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1158 share the same format:
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diff changeset
1159
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diff changeset
1160 @example
53136
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1161 (@var{event-type} @var{position} @var{click-count})
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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diff changeset
1162 @end example
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parents:
diff changeset
1163
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diff changeset
1164 @table @asis
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diff changeset
1165 @item @var{event-type}
6260
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parents:
diff changeset
1166 This is a symbol that indicates which mouse button was used. It is
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1167 one of the symbols @code{mouse-1}, @code{mouse-2}, @dots{}, where the
6557
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1168 buttons are numbered left to right.
6260
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parents:
diff changeset
1169
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diff changeset
1170 You can also use prefixes @samp{A-}, @samp{C-}, @samp{H-}, @samp{M-},
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1171 @samp{S-} and @samp{s-} for modifiers alt, control, hyper, meta, shift
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1172 and super, just as you would with function keys.
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parents:
diff changeset
1173
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1174 This symbol also serves as the event type of the event. Key bindings
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1175 describe events by their types; thus, if there is a key binding for
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1176 @code{mouse-1}, that binding would apply to all events whose
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1177 @var{event-type} is @code{mouse-1}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1178
53136
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parents: 52978
diff changeset
1179 @item @var{position}
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1180 This is the position where the mouse click occurred. The actual
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1181 format of @var{position} depends on what part of a window was clicked
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1182 on. The various formats are described below.
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parents:
diff changeset
1183
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diff changeset
1184 @item @var{click-count}
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diff changeset
1185 This is the number of rapid repeated presses so far of the same mouse
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parents:
diff changeset
1186 button. @xref{Repeat Events}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1187 @end table
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parents:
diff changeset
1188
53136
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Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1189 For mouse click events in the text area, mode line, header line, or in
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1190 the marginal areas, @var{position} has this form:
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1191
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
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parents: 52978
diff changeset
1192 @example
53183
61e2da7a49f4 (Click Events): Click object may be an images.
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parents: 53136
diff changeset
1193 (@var{window} @var{pos-or-area} (@var{x} . @var{y}) @var{timestamp}
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
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diff changeset
1194 @var{object} @var{text-pos} (@var{col} . @var{row})
53519
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1195 @var{image} (@var{dx} . @var{dy}) (@var{width} . @var{height}))
53136
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
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diff changeset
1196 @end example
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1197
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
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parents: 52978
diff changeset
1198 @table @asis
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
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parents: 52978
diff changeset
1199 @item @var{window}
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
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parents: 52978
diff changeset
1200 This is the window in which the click occurred.
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1201
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
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parents: 52978
diff changeset
1202 @item @var{pos-or-area}
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1203 This is the buffer position of the character clicked on in the text
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1204 area, or if clicked outside the text area, it is the window area in
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1205 which the click occurred. It is one of the symbols @code{mode-line},
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1206 @code{header-line}, @code{vertical-line}, @code{left-margin},
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1207 @code{right-margin}, @code{left-fringe}, or @code{right-fringe}.
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1208
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1209 @item @var{x}, @var{y}
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1210 These are the pixel-denominated coordinates of the click, relative to
53303
9e3a6298633c Remove trailing whitespace.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 53297
diff changeset
1211 the top left corner of @var{window}, which is @code{(0 . 0)}.
53136
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Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1212 For the mode or header line, @var{y} does not have meaningful data.
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1213 For the vertical line, @var{x} does not have meaningful data.
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1214
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1215 @item @var{timestamp}
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1216 This is the time at which the event occurred, in milliseconds.
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1217
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1218 @item @var{object}
53183
61e2da7a49f4 (Click Events): Click object may be an images.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53136
diff changeset
1219 This is the object on which the click occurred. It is either
53519
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1220 @code{nil} if there is no string property, or it has the form
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1221 (@var{string} . @var{string-pos}) when there is a string-type text
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1222 property at the click position.
53136
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1223
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1224 @item @var{string}
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1225 This is the string on which the click occurred, including any
53303
9e3a6298633c Remove trailing whitespace.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 53297
diff changeset
1226 properties.
53136
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1227
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1228 @item @var{string-pos}
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1229 This is the position in the string on which the click occurred,
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1230 relevant if properties at the click need to be looked up.
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1231
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1232 @item @var{text-pos}
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1233 For clicks on a marginal area or on a fringe, this is the buffer
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1234 position of the first visible character in the corresponding line in
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1235 the window. For other events, it is the current buffer position in
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1236 the window.
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1237
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1238 @item @var{col}, @var{row}
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1239 These are the actual coordinates of the glyph under the @var{x},
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1240 @var{y} position, possibly padded with default character width
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1241 glyphs if @var{x} is beyond the last glyph on the line.
53183
61e2da7a49f4 (Click Events): Click object may be an images.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53136
diff changeset
1242
53519
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1243 @item @var{image}
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1244 This is the image object on which the click occurred. It is either
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1245 @code{nil} if there is no image at the position clicked on, or it is
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1246 an image object as returned by @code{find-image} if click was in an image.
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1247
53183
61e2da7a49f4 (Click Events): Click object may be an images.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53136
diff changeset
1248 @item @var{dx}, @var{dy}
61e2da7a49f4 (Click Events): Click object may be an images.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53136
diff changeset
1249 These are the pixel-denominated coordinates of the click, relative to
61e2da7a49f4 (Click Events): Click object may be an images.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53136
diff changeset
1250 the top left corner of @var{object}, which is @code{(0 . 0)}. If
61e2da7a49f4 (Click Events): Click object may be an images.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53136
diff changeset
1251 @var{object} is @code{nil}, the coordinates are relative to the top
61e2da7a49f4 (Click Events): Click object may be an images.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53136
diff changeset
1252 left corner of the character glyph clicked on.
53136
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1253 @end table
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1254
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1255 For mouse clicks on a scroll-bar, @var{position} has this form:
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1256
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1257 @example
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1258 (@var{window} @var{area} (@var{portion} . @var{whole}) @var{timestamp} @var{part})
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1259 @end example
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1260
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1261 @table @asis
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1262 @item @var{window}
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1263 This is the window whose scroll-bar was clicked on.
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1264
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1265 @item @var{area}
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1266 This is the scroll bar where the click occurred. It is one of the
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1267 symbols @code{vertical-scroll-bar} or @code{horizontal-scroll-bar}.
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1268
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1269 @item @var{portion}
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1270 This is the distance of the click from the top or left end of
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1271 the scroll bar.
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1272
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1273 @item @var{whole}
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1274 This is the length of the entire scroll bar.
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1275
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1276 @item @var{timestamp}
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1277 This is the time at which the event occurred, in milliseconds.
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1278
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1279 @item @var{part}
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1280 This is the part of the scroll-bar which was clicked on. It is one
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1281 of the symbols @code{above-handle}, @code{handle}, @code{below-handle},
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1282 @code{up}, @code{down}, @code{top}, @code{bottom}, and @code{end-scroll}.
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1283 @end table
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d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1284
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7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1285 In one special case, @var{buffer-pos} is a list containing a symbol (one
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1286 of the symbols listed above) instead of just the symbol. This happens
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1287 after the imaginary prefix keys for the event are inserted into the
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1288 input stream. @xref{Key Sequence Input}.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1289
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1290 @node Drag Events
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1291 @subsection Drag Events
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1292 @cindex drag event
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1293 @cindex mouse drag event
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1294
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1295 With Emacs, you can have a drag event without even changing your
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1296 clothes. A @dfn{drag event} happens every time the user presses a mouse
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1297 button and then moves the mouse to a different character position before
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1298 releasing the button. Like all mouse events, drag events are
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1299 represented in Lisp as lists. The lists record both the starting mouse
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1300 position and the final position, like this:
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1301
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1302 @example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1303 (@var{event-type}
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
1304 (@var{window1} @var{buffer-pos1} (@var{x1} . @var{y1}) @var{timestamp1})
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
1305 (@var{window2} @var{buffer-pos2} (@var{x2} . @var{y2}) @var{timestamp2})
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1306 @var{click-count})
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1307 @end example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1308
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1309 For a drag event, the name of the symbol @var{event-type} contains the
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
1310 prefix @samp{drag-}. For example, dragging the mouse with button 2 held
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
1311 down generates a @code{drag-mouse-2} event. The second and third
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
1312 elements of the event give the starting and ending position of the drag.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
1313 Aside from that, the data have the same meanings as in a click event
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
1314 (@pxref{Click Events}). You can access the second element of any mouse
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
1315 event in the same way, with no need to distinguish drag events from
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
1316 others.
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d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1317
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1318 The @samp{drag-} prefix follows the modifier key prefixes such as
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1319 @samp{C-} and @samp{M-}.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1320
7735
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1321 If @code{read-key-sequence} receives a drag event that has no key
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1322 binding, and the corresponding click event does have a binding, it
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1323 changes the drag event into a click event at the drag's starting
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1324 position. This means that you don't have to distinguish between click
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1325 and drag events unless you want to.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1326
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1327 @node Button-Down Events
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1328 @subsection Button-Down Events
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1329 @cindex button-down event
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1330
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1331 Click and drag events happen when the user releases a mouse button.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1332 They cannot happen earlier, because there is no way to distinguish a
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1333 click from a drag until the button is released.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1334
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1335 If you want to take action as soon as a button is pressed, you need to
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1336 handle @dfn{button-down} events.@footnote{Button-down is the
6557
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
1337 conservative antithesis of drag.} These occur as soon as a button is
7735
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1338 pressed. They are represented by lists that look exactly like click
6557
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
1339 events (@pxref{Click Events}), except that the @var{event-type} symbol
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
1340 name contains the prefix @samp{down-}. The @samp{down-} prefix follows
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1341 modifier key prefixes such as @samp{C-} and @samp{M-}.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1342
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1343 The function @code{read-key-sequence} ignores any button-down events
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1344 that don't have command bindings; therefore, the Emacs command loop
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1345 ignores them too. This means that you need not worry about defining
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1346 button-down events unless you want them to do something. The usual
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1347 reason to define a button-down event is so that you can track mouse
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1348 motion (by reading motion events) until the button is released.
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1349 @xref{Motion Events}.
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d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1350
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1351 @node Repeat Events
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1352 @subsection Repeat Events
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1353 @cindex repeat events
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1354 @cindex double-click events
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1355 @cindex triple-click events
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
1356 @cindex mouse events, repeated
6260
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1357
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1358 If you press the same mouse button more than once in quick succession
6557
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
1359 without moving the mouse, Emacs generates special @dfn{repeat} mouse
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
1360 events for the second and subsequent presses.
6260
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1361
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1362 The most common repeat events are @dfn{double-click} events. Emacs
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1363 generates a double-click event when you click a button twice; the event
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1364 happens when you release the button (as is normal for all click
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1365 events).
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parents:
diff changeset
1366
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parents:
diff changeset
1367 The event type of a double-click event contains the prefix
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1368 @samp{double-}. Thus, a double click on the second mouse button with
6260
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parents:
diff changeset
1369 @key{meta} held down comes to the Lisp program as
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1370 @code{M-double-mouse-2}. If a double-click event has no binding, the
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1371 binding of the corresponding ordinary click event is used to execute
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23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
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parents: 48731
diff changeset
1372 it. Thus, you need not pay attention to the double click feature
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1373 unless you really want to.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1374
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parents:
diff changeset
1375 When the user performs a double click, Emacs generates first an ordinary
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1376 click event, and then a double-click event. Therefore, you must design
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1377 the command binding of the double click event to assume that the
6260
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parents:
diff changeset
1378 single-click command has already run. It must produce the desired
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parents:
diff changeset
1379 results of a double click, starting from the results of a single click.
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parents:
diff changeset
1380
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1381 This is convenient, if the meaning of a double click somehow ``builds
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1382 on'' the meaning of a single click---which is recommended user interface
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1383 design practice for double clicks.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1384
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1385 If you click a button, then press it down again and start moving the
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1386 mouse with the button held down, then you get a @dfn{double-drag} event
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1387 when you ultimately release the button. Its event type contains
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1388 @samp{double-drag} instead of just @samp{drag}. If a double-drag event
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1389 has no binding, Emacs looks for an alternate binding as if the event
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7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6557
diff changeset
1390 were an ordinary drag.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1391
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1392 Before the double-click or double-drag event, Emacs generates a
6557
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1393 @dfn{double-down} event when the user presses the button down for the
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
1394 second time. Its event type contains @samp{double-down} instead of just
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1395 @samp{down}. If a double-down event has no binding, Emacs looks for an
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1396 alternate binding as if the event were an ordinary button-down event.
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1397 If it finds no binding that way either, the double-down event is
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1398 ignored.
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d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1399
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1400 To summarize, when you click a button and then press it again right
7735
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parents: 6557
diff changeset
1401 away, Emacs generates a down event and a click event for the first
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6557
diff changeset
1402 click, a double-down event when you press the button again, and finally
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1403 either a double-click or a double-drag event.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1404
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1405 If you click a button twice and then press it again, all in quick
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1406 succession, Emacs generates a @dfn{triple-down} event, followed by
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1407 either a @dfn{triple-click} or a @dfn{triple-drag}. The event types of
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1408 these events contain @samp{triple} instead of @samp{double}. If any
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1409 triple event has no binding, Emacs uses the binding that it would use
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1410 for the corresponding double event.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1411
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1412 If you click a button three or more times and then press it again, the
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1413 events for the presses beyond the third are all triple events. Emacs
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
1414 does not have separate event types for quadruple, quintuple, etc.@:
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1415 events. However, you can look at the event list to find out precisely
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1416 how many times the button was pressed.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1417
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parents:
diff changeset
1418 @defun event-click-count event
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1419 This function returns the number of consecutive button presses that led
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1420 up to @var{event}. If @var{event} is a double-down, double-click or
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1421 double-drag event, the value is 2. If @var{event} is a triple event,
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1422 the value is 3 or greater. If @var{event} is an ordinary mouse event
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1423 (not a repeat event), the value is 1.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1424 @end defun
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1425
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
1426 @defopt double-click-fuzz
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6260
diff changeset
1427 To generate repeat events, successive mouse button presses must be at
38603
13029a808e20 (Repeat Events): Add description of double-click-fuzz.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 27301
diff changeset
1428 approximately the same screen position. The value of
13029a808e20 (Repeat Events): Add description of double-click-fuzz.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 27301
diff changeset
1429 @code{double-click-fuzz} specifies the maximum number of pixels the
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
1430 mouse may be moved (horizontally or vertically) between two successive
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
1431 clicks to make a double-click.
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
1432
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
1433 This variable is also the threshold for motion of the mouse to count
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
1434 as a drag.
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
1435 @end defopt
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
1436
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
1437 @defopt double-click-time
38603
13029a808e20 (Repeat Events): Add description of double-click-fuzz.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 27301
diff changeset
1438 To generate repeat events, the number of milliseconds between
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
1439 successive button presses must be less than the value of
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parents:
diff changeset
1440 @code{double-click-time}. Setting @code{double-click-time} to
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1441 @code{nil} disables multi-click detection entirely. Setting it to
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1442 @code{t} removes the time limit; Emacs then detects multi-clicks by
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1443 position only.
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
1444 @end defopt
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1445
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1446 @node Motion Events
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1447 @subsection Motion Events
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1448 @cindex motion event
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1449 @cindex mouse motion events
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1450
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1451 Emacs sometimes generates @dfn{mouse motion} events to describe motion
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1452 of the mouse without any button activity. Mouse motion events are
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1453 represented by lists that look like this:
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1454
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1455 @example
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1456 (mouse-movement (@var{window} @var{buffer-pos} (@var{x} . @var{y}) @var{timestamp}))
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1457 @end example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1458
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1459 The second element of the list describes the current position of the
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1460 mouse, just as in a click event (@pxref{Click Events}).
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1461
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1462 The special form @code{track-mouse} enables generation of motion events
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1463 within its body. Outside of @code{track-mouse} forms, Emacs does not
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1464 generate events for mere motion of the mouse, and these events do not
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1465 appear. @xref{Mouse Tracking}.
6260
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parents:
diff changeset
1466
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1467 @node Focus Events
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1468 @subsection Focus Events
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1469 @cindex focus event
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1470
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1471 Window systems provide general ways for the user to control which window
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1472 gets keyboard input. This choice of window is called the @dfn{focus}.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1473 When the user does something to switch between Emacs frames, that
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1474 generates a @dfn{focus event}. The normal definition of a focus event,
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1475 in the global keymap, is to select a new frame within Emacs, as the user
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1476 would expect. @xref{Input Focus}.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1477
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1478 Focus events are represented in Lisp as lists that look like this:
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1479
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1480 @example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1481 (switch-frame @var{new-frame})
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1482 @end example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1483
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1484 @noindent
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1485 where @var{new-frame} is the frame switched to.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1486
7735
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1487 Most X window managers are set up so that just moving the mouse into a
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1488 window is enough to set the focus there. Emacs appears to do this,
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1489 because it changes the cursor to solid in the new frame. However, there
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1490 is no need for the Lisp program to know about the focus change until
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1491 some other kind of input arrives. So Emacs generates a focus event only
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1492 when the user actually types a keyboard key or presses a mouse button in
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1493 the new frame; just moving the mouse between frames does not generate a
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1494 focus event.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1495
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1496 A focus event in the middle of a key sequence would garble the
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1497 sequence. So Emacs never generates a focus event in the middle of a key
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1498 sequence. If the user changes focus in the middle of a key
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1499 sequence---that is, after a prefix key---then Emacs reorders the events
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1500 so that the focus event comes either before or after the multi-event key
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1501 sequence, and not within it.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1502
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10834
diff changeset
1503 @node Misc Events
56243
70734e473dc0 (Misc Events): Describe usr1-signal, usr2-signal event.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56232
diff changeset
1504 @subsection Miscellaneous System Events
70734e473dc0 (Misc Events): Describe usr1-signal, usr2-signal event.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56232
diff changeset
1505
70734e473dc0 (Misc Events): Describe usr1-signal, usr2-signal event.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56232
diff changeset
1506 A few other event types represent occurrences within the system.
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10834
diff changeset
1507
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10834
diff changeset
1508 @table @code
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10834
diff changeset
1509 @cindex @code{delete-frame} event
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10834
diff changeset
1510 @item (delete-frame (@var{frame}))
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10834
diff changeset
1511 This kind of event indicates that the user gave the window manager
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10834
diff changeset
1512 a command to delete a particular window, which happens to be an Emacs frame.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10834
diff changeset
1513
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10834
diff changeset
1514 The standard definition of the @code{delete-frame} event is to delete @var{frame}.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10834
diff changeset
1515
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10834
diff changeset
1516 @cindex @code{iconify-frame} event
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10834
diff changeset
1517 @item (iconify-frame (@var{frame}))
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10834
diff changeset
1518 This kind of event indicates that the user iconified @var{frame} using
13007
8a1252eb804e Fix typos.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 12285
diff changeset
1519 the window manager. Its standard definition is @code{ignore}; since the
8a1252eb804e Fix typos.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 12285
diff changeset
1520 frame has already been iconified, Emacs has no work to do. The purpose
8a1252eb804e Fix typos.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 12285
diff changeset
1521 of this event type is so that you can keep track of such events if you
8a1252eb804e Fix typos.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 12285
diff changeset
1522 want to.
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10834
diff changeset
1523
12285
1aad1cc93e3f make-frame-visible event was misdescribed as deiconify-frame.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 12282
diff changeset
1524 @cindex @code{make-frame-visible} event
1aad1cc93e3f make-frame-visible event was misdescribed as deiconify-frame.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 12282
diff changeset
1525 @item (make-frame-visible (@var{frame}))
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10834
diff changeset
1526 This kind of event indicates that the user deiconified @var{frame} using
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10834
diff changeset
1527 the window manager. Its standard definition is @code{ignore}; since the
13007
8a1252eb804e Fix typos.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 12285
diff changeset
1528 frame has already been made visible, Emacs has no work to do.
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1529
57679
6855ae44bb3f Removed mouse-wheel event, added wheel-up and wheel-down
Jason Rumney <jasonr@gnu.org>
parents: 57157
diff changeset
1530 @cindex @code{wheel-up} event
6855ae44bb3f Removed mouse-wheel event, added wheel-up and wheel-down
Jason Rumney <jasonr@gnu.org>
parents: 57157
diff changeset
1531 @cindex @code{wheel-down} event
6855ae44bb3f Removed mouse-wheel event, added wheel-up and wheel-down
Jason Rumney <jasonr@gnu.org>
parents: 57157
diff changeset
1532 @item (wheel-up @var{position})
6855ae44bb3f Removed mouse-wheel event, added wheel-up and wheel-down
Jason Rumney <jasonr@gnu.org>
parents: 57157
diff changeset
1533 @item (wheel-down @var{position})
57741
aa39f835222a (Interactive Codes): `N' uses numeric prefix, not raw. Clarify `n'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57706
diff changeset
1534 These kinds of event are generated by moving a mouse wheel. Their
aa39f835222a (Interactive Codes): `N' uses numeric prefix, not raw. Clarify `n'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57706
diff changeset
1535 usual meaning is a kind of scroll or zoom.
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1536
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1537 The element @var{position} is a list describing the position of the
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1538 event, in the same format as used in a mouse-click event.
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1539
57741
aa39f835222a (Interactive Codes): `N' uses numeric prefix, not raw. Clarify `n'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57706
diff changeset
1540 This kind of event is generated only on some kinds of systems. On some
aa39f835222a (Interactive Codes): `N' uses numeric prefix, not raw. Clarify `n'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57706
diff changeset
1541 systems, @code{mouse-4} and @code{mouse-5} are used instead. For
aa39f835222a (Interactive Codes): `N' uses numeric prefix, not raw. Clarify `n'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57706
diff changeset
1542 portable code, use the variables @code{mouse-wheel-up-event} and
aa39f835222a (Interactive Codes): `N' uses numeric prefix, not raw. Clarify `n'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57706
diff changeset
1543 @code{mouse-wheel-down-event} defined in @file{mwheel.el} to determine
aa39f835222a (Interactive Codes): `N' uses numeric prefix, not raw. Clarify `n'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57706
diff changeset
1544 what event types to expect for the mouse wheel.
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1545
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1546 @cindex @code{drag-n-drop} event
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1547 @item (drag-n-drop @var{position} @var{files})
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1548 This kind of event is generated when a group of files is
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1549 selected in an application outside of Emacs, and then dragged and
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1550 dropped onto an Emacs frame.
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1551
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1552 The element @var{position} is a list describing the position of the
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1553 event, in the same format as used in a mouse-click event, and
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1554 @var{files} is the list of file names that were dragged and dropped.
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1555 The usual way to handle this event is by visiting these files.
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1556
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1557 This kind of event is generated, at present, only on some kinds of
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1558 systems.
56243
70734e473dc0 (Misc Events): Describe usr1-signal, usr2-signal event.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56232
diff changeset
1559
59771
4301dcdf04df (Misc Events): Describe the help-echo event.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 59545
diff changeset
1560 @cindex @code{help-echo} event
4301dcdf04df (Misc Events): Describe the help-echo event.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 59545
diff changeset
1561 @item help-echo
4301dcdf04df (Misc Events): Describe the help-echo event.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 59545
diff changeset
1562 This kind of event is generated when a mouse pointer moves onto a
4301dcdf04df (Misc Events): Describe the help-echo event.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 59545
diff changeset
1563 portion of buffer text which has a @code{help-echo} text property.
4301dcdf04df (Misc Events): Describe the help-echo event.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 59545
diff changeset
1564 The generated event has this form:
4301dcdf04df (Misc Events): Describe the help-echo event.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 59545
diff changeset
1565
4301dcdf04df (Misc Events): Describe the help-echo event.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 59545
diff changeset
1566 @example
59875
c8c884c02452 (Misc Events): Remove stray space.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59771
diff changeset
1567 (help-echo @var{frame} @var{help} @var{window} @var{object} @var{pos})
59771
4301dcdf04df (Misc Events): Describe the help-echo event.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 59545
diff changeset
1568 @end example
4301dcdf04df (Misc Events): Describe the help-echo event.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 59545
diff changeset
1569
4301dcdf04df (Misc Events): Describe the help-echo event.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 59545
diff changeset
1570 @noindent
4301dcdf04df (Misc Events): Describe the help-echo event.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 59545
diff changeset
1571 The precise meaning of the event parameters and the way these
4301dcdf04df (Misc Events): Describe the help-echo event.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 59545
diff changeset
1572 parameters are used to display the help-echo text are described in
4301dcdf04df (Misc Events): Describe the help-echo event.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 59545
diff changeset
1573 @ref{Text help-echo}.
4301dcdf04df (Misc Events): Describe the help-echo event.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 59545
diff changeset
1574
56243
70734e473dc0 (Misc Events): Describe usr1-signal, usr2-signal event.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56232
diff changeset
1575 @cindex @code{usr1-signal} event
70734e473dc0 (Misc Events): Describe usr1-signal, usr2-signal event.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56232
diff changeset
1576 @cindex @code{usr2-signal} event
70734e473dc0 (Misc Events): Describe usr1-signal, usr2-signal event.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56232
diff changeset
1577 @item usr1-signal
70734e473dc0 (Misc Events): Describe usr1-signal, usr2-signal event.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56232
diff changeset
1578 @itemx usr2-signal
70734e473dc0 (Misc Events): Describe usr1-signal, usr2-signal event.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56232
diff changeset
1579 These events are generated when the Emacs process receives the signals
70734e473dc0 (Misc Events): Describe usr1-signal, usr2-signal event.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56232
diff changeset
1580 @code{SIGUSR1} and @code{SIGUSR2}. They contain no additional data
70734e473dc0 (Misc Events): Describe usr1-signal, usr2-signal event.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56232
diff changeset
1581 because signals do not carry additional information.
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10834
diff changeset
1582 @end table
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10834
diff changeset
1583
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1584 If one of these events arrives in the middle of a key sequence---that
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1585 is, after a prefix key---then Emacs reorders the events so that this
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1586 event comes either before or after the multi-event key sequence, not
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1587 within it.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1588
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1589 @node Event Examples
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1590 @subsection Event Examples
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1591
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1592 If the user presses and releases the left mouse button over the same
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1593 location, that generates a sequence of events like this:
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1594
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1595 @smallexample
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1596 (down-mouse-1 (#<window 18 on NEWS> 2613 (0 . 38) -864320))
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1597 (mouse-1 (#<window 18 on NEWS> 2613 (0 . 38) -864180))
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1598 @end smallexample
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1599
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
1600 While holding the control key down, the user might hold down the
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1601 second mouse button, and drag the mouse from one line to the next.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1602 That produces two events, as shown here:
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1603
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1604 @smallexample
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1605 (C-down-mouse-2 (#<window 18 on NEWS> 3440 (0 . 27) -731219))
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1606 (C-drag-mouse-2 (#<window 18 on NEWS> 3440 (0 . 27) -731219)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1607 (#<window 18 on NEWS> 3510 (0 . 28) -729648))
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1608 @end smallexample
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1609
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
1610 While holding down the meta and shift keys, the user might press the
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1611 second mouse button on the window's mode line, and then drag the mouse
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
1612 into another window. That produces a pair of events like these:
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1613
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1614 @smallexample
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1615 (M-S-down-mouse-2 (#<window 18 on NEWS> mode-line (33 . 31) -457844))
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1616 (M-S-drag-mouse-2 (#<window 18 on NEWS> mode-line (33 . 31) -457844)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1617 (#<window 20 on carlton-sanskrit.tex> 161 (33 . 3)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1618 -453816))
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1619 @end smallexample
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1620
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1621 @node Classifying Events
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1622 @subsection Classifying Events
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1623 @cindex event type
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1624
7735
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1625 Every event has an @dfn{event type}, which classifies the event for
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1626 key binding purposes. For a keyboard event, the event type equals the
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1627 event value; thus, the event type for a character is the character, and
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1628 the event type for a function key symbol is the symbol itself. For
53297
4c4e0f5356bf Replace all occurrences of @acronym{CAR} with @sc{car}, for
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 53183
diff changeset
1629 events that are lists, the event type is the symbol in the @sc{car} of
7735
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1630 the list. Thus, the event type is always a symbol or a character.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1631
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1632 Two events of the same type are equivalent where key bindings are
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1633 concerned; thus, they always run the same command. That does not
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1634 necessarily mean they do the same things, however, as some commands look
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1635 at the whole event to decide what to do. For example, some commands use
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
1636 the location of a mouse event to decide where in the buffer to act.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1637
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1638 Sometimes broader classifications of events are useful. For example,
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1639 you might want to ask whether an event involved the @key{META} key,
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1640 regardless of which other key or mouse button was used.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1641
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1642 The functions @code{event-modifiers} and @code{event-basic-type} are
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1643 provided to get such information conveniently.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1644
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1645 @defun event-modifiers event
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
1646 This function returns a list of the modifiers that @var{event} has. The
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
1647 modifiers are symbols; they include @code{shift}, @code{control},
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1648 @code{meta}, @code{alt}, @code{hyper} and @code{super}. In addition,
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
1649 the modifiers list of a mouse event symbol always contains one of
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
1650 @code{click}, @code{drag}, and @code{down}. For double or triple
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
1651 events, it also contains @code{double} or @code{triple}.
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
1652
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
1653 The argument @var{event} may be an entire event object, or just an
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
1654 event type. If @var{event} is a symbol that has never been used in an
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
1655 event that has been read as input in the current Emacs session, then
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
1656 @code{event-modifiers} can return @code{nil}, even when @var{event}
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
1657 actually has modifiers.
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
1658
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
1659 Here are some examples:
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1660
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1661 @example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1662 (event-modifiers ?a)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1663 @result{} nil
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
1664 (event-modifiers ?A)
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
1665 @result{} (shift)
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1666 (event-modifiers ?\C-a)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1667 @result{} (control)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1668 (event-modifiers ?\C-%)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1669 @result{} (control)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1670 (event-modifiers ?\C-\S-a)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1671 @result{} (control shift)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1672 (event-modifiers 'f5)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1673 @result{} nil
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1674 (event-modifiers 's-f5)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1675 @result{} (super)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1676 (event-modifiers 'M-S-f5)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1677 @result{} (meta shift)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1678 (event-modifiers 'mouse-1)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1679 @result{} (click)
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1680 (event-modifiers 'down-mouse-1)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1681 @result{} (down)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1682 @end example
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1683
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1684 The modifiers list for a click event explicitly contains @code{click},
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1685 but the event symbol name itself does not contain @samp{click}.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1686 @end defun
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1687
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1688 @defun event-basic-type event
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1689 This function returns the key or mouse button that @var{event}
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
1690 describes, with all modifiers removed. The @var{event} argument is as
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
1691 in @code{event-modifiers}. For example:
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1692
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1693 @example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1694 (event-basic-type ?a)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1695 @result{} 97
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1696 (event-basic-type ?A)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1697 @result{} 97
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1698 (event-basic-type ?\C-a)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1699 @result{} 97
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1700 (event-basic-type ?\C-\S-a)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1701 @result{} 97
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1702 (event-basic-type 'f5)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1703 @result{} f5
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1704 (event-basic-type 's-f5)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1705 @result{} f5
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1706 (event-basic-type 'M-S-f5)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1707 @result{} f5
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1708 (event-basic-type 'down-mouse-1)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1709 @result{} mouse-1
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1710 @end example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1711 @end defun
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1712
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1713 @defun mouse-movement-p object
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1714 This function returns non-@code{nil} if @var{object} is a mouse movement
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1715 event.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1716 @end defun
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1717
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1718 @defun event-convert-list list
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1719 This function converts a list of modifier names and a basic event type
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
1720 to an event type which specifies all of them. The basic event type
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
1721 must be the last element of the list. For example,
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1722
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1723 @example
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1724 (event-convert-list '(control ?a))
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1725 @result{} 1
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1726 (event-convert-list '(control meta ?a))
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1727 @result{} -134217727
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1728 (event-convert-list '(control super f1))
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1729 @result{} C-s-f1
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1730 @end example
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1731 @end defun
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1732
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1733 @node Accessing Events
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1734 @subsection Accessing Events
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
1735 @cindex mouse events, accessing the data
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
1736 @cindex accessing data of mouse events
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1737
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1738 This section describes convenient functions for accessing the data in
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
1739 a mouse button or motion event.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1740
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
1741 These two functions return the starting or ending position of a
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1742 mouse-button event, as a list of this form:
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1743
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
1744 @example
53183
61e2da7a49f4 (Click Events): Click object may be an images.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53136
diff changeset
1745 (@var{window} @var{pos-or-area} (@var{x} . @var{y}) @var{timestamp}
53519
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1746 @var{object} @var{text-pos} (@var{col} . @var{row})
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1747 @var{image} (@var{dx} . @var{dy}) (@var{width} . @var{height}))
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
1748 @end example
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1749
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1750 @defun event-start event
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1751 This returns the starting position of @var{event}.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1752
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1753 If @var{event} is a click or button-down event, this returns the
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1754 location of the event. If @var{event} is a drag event, this returns the
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1755 drag's starting position.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1756 @end defun
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1757
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1758 @defun event-end event
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1759 This returns the ending position of @var{event}.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1760
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1761 If @var{event} is a drag event, this returns the position where the user
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1762 released the mouse button. If @var{event} is a click or button-down
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1763 event, the value is actually the starting position, which is the only
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1764 position such events have.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1765 @end defun
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1766
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
1767 @cindex mouse position list, accessing
56232
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1768 These functions take a position list as described above, and
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1769 return various parts of it.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1770
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1771 @defun posn-window position
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1772 Return the window that @var{position} is in.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1773 @end defun
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1774
53136
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1775 @defun posn-area position
53183
61e2da7a49f4 (Click Events): Click object may be an images.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53136
diff changeset
1776 Return the window area recorded in @var{position}. It returns @code{nil}
53136
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1777 when the event occurred in the text area of the window; otherwise, it
64450
e96c3c44196e (Accessing Events): Delete duplicate words.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents: 62061
diff changeset
1778 is a symbol identifying the area in which the event occurred.
53136
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1779 @end defun
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1780
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1781 @defun posn-point position
53136
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1782 Return the buffer position in @var{position}. When the event occurred
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1783 in the text area of the window, in a marginal area, or on a fringe,
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1784 this is an integer specifying a buffer position. Otherwise, the value
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1785 is undefined.
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1786 @end defun
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1787
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1788 @defun posn-x-y position
56232
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1789 Return the pixel-based x and y coordinates in @var{position}, as a
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1790 cons cell @code{(@var{x} . @var{y})}. These coordinates are relative
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1791 to the window given by @code{posn-window}.
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1792
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1793 This example shows how to convert these window-relative coordinates
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1794 into frame-relative coordinates:
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1795
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1796 @example
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1797 (defun frame-relative-coordinates (position)
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1798 "Return frame-relative coordinates from POSITION."
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1799 (let* ((x-y (posn-x-y position))
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1800 (window (posn-window position))
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1801 (edges (window-inside-pixel-edges window)))
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1802 (cons (+ (car x-y) (car edges))
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1803 (+ (cdr x-y) (cadr edges)))))
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1804 @end example
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1805 @end defun
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1806
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1807 @defun posn-col-row position
56232
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1808 Return the row and column (in units of the frame's default character
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1809 height and width) of @var{position}, as a cons cell @code{(@var{col} .
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1810 @var{row})}. These are computed from the @var{x} and @var{y} values
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1811 actually found in @var{position}.
53136
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1812 @end defun
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1813
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1814 @defun posn-actual-col-row position
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1815 Return the actual row and column in @var{position}, as a cons cell
fb4a34f4191c (Click Events): Describe enhancements to event
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
1816 @code{(@var{col} . @var{row})}. The values are the actual row number
56232
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1817 in the window, and the actual character number in that row. It returns
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1818 @code{nil} if @var{position} does not include actual positions values.
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1819 You can use @code{posn-col-row} to get approximate values.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1820 @end defun
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1821
53519
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1822 @defun posn-string position
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1823 Return the string object in @var{position}, either @code{nil}, or a
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1824 cons cell @code{(@var{string} . @var{string-pos})}.
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1825 @end defun
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1826
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1827 @defun posn-image position
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1828 Return the image object in @var{position}, either @code{nil}, or an
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1829 image @code{(image ...)}.
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1830 @end defun
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1831
53183
61e2da7a49f4 (Click Events): Click object may be an images.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53136
diff changeset
1832 @defun posn-object position
53519
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1833 Return the image or string object in @var{position}, either
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1834 @code{nil}, an image @code{(image ...)}, or a cons cell
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1835 @code{(@var{string} . @var{string-pos})}.
53183
61e2da7a49f4 (Click Events): Click object may be an images.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53136
diff changeset
1836 @end defun
61e2da7a49f4 (Click Events): Click object may be an images.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53136
diff changeset
1837
61e2da7a49f4 (Click Events): Click object may be an images.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53136
diff changeset
1838 @defun posn-object-x-y position
61e2da7a49f4 (Click Events): Click object may be an images.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53136
diff changeset
1839 Return the pixel-based x and y coordinates relative to the upper left
53519
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1840 corner of the object in @var{position} as a cons cell @code{(@var{dx}
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1841 . @var{dy})}. If the @var{position} is a buffer position, return the
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1842 relative position in the character at that position.
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1843 @end defun
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1844
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1845 @defun posn-object-width-height position
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1846 Return the pixel width and height of the object in @var{position} as a
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1847 cons cell @code{(@var{width} . @var{height})}. If the @var{position}
ad9b61a60774 (Click Events): Describe new image and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53303
diff changeset
1848 is a buffer position, return the size of the character at that position.
53183
61e2da7a49f4 (Click Events): Click object may be an images.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53136
diff changeset
1849 @end defun
61e2da7a49f4 (Click Events): Click object may be an images.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53136
diff changeset
1850
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
1851 @cindex mouse event, timestamp
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
1852 @cindex timestamp of a mouse event
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
1853 @defun posn-timestamp position
53183
61e2da7a49f4 (Click Events): Click object may be an images.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53136
diff changeset
1854 Return the timestamp in @var{position}. This is the time at which the
61e2da7a49f4 (Click Events): Click object may be an images.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 53136
diff changeset
1855 event occurred, in milliseconds.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1856 @end defun
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1857
56232
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1858 These functions compute a position list given particular buffer
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1859 position or screen position. You can access the data in this position
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1860 list with the functions described above.
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1861
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1862 @defun posn-at-point &optional pos window
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1863 This function returns a position list for position @var{pos} in
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1864 @var{window}. @var{pos} defaults to point in @var{window};
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1865 @var{window} defaults to the selected window.
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1866
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1867 @code{posn-at-point} returns @code{nil} if @var{pos} is not visible in
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1868 @var{window}.
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1869 @end defun
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1870
59545
b736797a552a (Accessing Events): Add WHOLE arg to posn-at-x-y.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 59166
diff changeset
1871 @defun posn-at-x-y x y &optional frame-or-window whole
56232
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1872 This function returns position information corresponding to pixel
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1873 coordinates @var{x} and @var{y} in a specified frame or window,
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1874 @var{frame-or-window}, which defaults to the selected window.
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1875 The coordinates @var{x} and @var{y} are relative to the
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1876 frame or window used.
59545
b736797a552a (Accessing Events): Add WHOLE arg to posn-at-x-y.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 59166
diff changeset
1877 If @var{whole} is @code{nil}, the coordinates are relative
b736797a552a (Accessing Events): Add WHOLE arg to posn-at-x-y.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 59166
diff changeset
1878 to the window text area, otherwise they are relative to
b736797a552a (Accessing Events): Add WHOLE arg to posn-at-x-y.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 59166
diff changeset
1879 the entire window area including scroll bars, margins and fringes.
56232
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1880 @end defun
2b5c4bf61459 (Accessing Events): Clarify posn-col-row and posn-actual-col-row.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 54061
diff changeset
1881
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1882 These functions are useful for decoding scroll bar events.
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1883
7735
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1884 @defun scroll-bar-event-ratio event
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1885 This function returns the fractional vertical position of a scroll bar
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1886 event within the scroll bar. The value is a cons cell
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1887 @code{(@var{portion} . @var{whole})} containing two integers whose ratio
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1888 is the fractional position.
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1889 @end defun
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1890
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1891 @defun scroll-bar-scale ratio total
7735
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1892 This function multiplies (in effect) @var{ratio} by @var{total},
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1893 rounding the result to an integer. The argument @var{ratio} is not a
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1894 number, but rather a pair @code{(@var{num} . @var{denom})}---typically a
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1895 value returned by @code{scroll-bar-event-ratio}.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1896
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
1897 This function is handy for scaling a position on a scroll bar into a
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
1898 buffer position. Here's how to do that:
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1899
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1900 @example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1901 (+ (point-min)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1902 (scroll-bar-scale
7735
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1903 (posn-x-y (event-start event))
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1904 (- (point-max) (point-min))))
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1905 @end example
7735
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1906
22252
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22138
diff changeset
1907 Recall that scroll bar events have two integers forming a ratio, in place
7735
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1908 of a pair of x and y coordinates.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1909 @end defun
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1910
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1911 @node Strings of Events
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1912 @subsection Putting Keyboard Events in Strings
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
1913 @cindex keyboard events in strings
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
1914 @cindex strings with keyboard events
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1915
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1916 In most of the places where strings are used, we conceptualize the
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1917 string as containing text characters---the same kind of characters found
7735
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
1918 in buffers or files. Occasionally Lisp programs use strings that
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1919 conceptually contain keyboard characters; for example, they may be key
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1920 sequences or keyboard macro definitions. However, storing keyboard
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1921 characters in a string is a complex matter, for reasons of historical
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1922 compatibility, and it is not always possible.
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1923
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1924 We recommend that new programs avoid dealing with these complexities
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1925 by not storing keyboard events in strings. Here is how to do that:
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1926
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1927 @itemize @bullet
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1928 @item
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1929 Use vectors instead of strings for key sequences, when you plan to use
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1930 them for anything other than as arguments to @code{lookup-key} and
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1931 @code{define-key}. For example, you can use
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1932 @code{read-key-sequence-vector} instead of @code{read-key-sequence}, and
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1933 @code{this-command-keys-vector} instead of @code{this-command-keys}.
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1934
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1935 @item
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1936 Use vectors to write key sequence constants containing meta characters,
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1937 even when passing them directly to @code{define-key}.
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1938
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1939 @item
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1940 When you have to look at the contents of a key sequence that might be a
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1941 string, use @code{listify-key-sequence} (@pxref{Event Input Misc})
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
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1942 first, to convert it to a list.
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1943 @end itemize
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1944
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1945 The complexities stem from the modifier bits that keyboard input
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parents: 21007
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1946 characters can include. Aside from the Meta modifier, none of these
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1947 modifier bits can be included in a string, and the Meta modifier is
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1948 allowed only in special cases.
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1949
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1950 The earliest GNU Emacs versions represented meta characters as codes
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1951 in the range of 128 to 255. At that time, the basic character codes
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1952 ranged from 0 to 127, so all keyboard character codes did fit in a
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diff changeset
1953 string. Many Lisp programs used @samp{\M-} in string constants to stand
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1954 for meta characters, especially in arguments to @code{define-key} and
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1955 similar functions, and key sequences and sequences of events were always
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1956 represented as strings.
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1957
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1958 When we added support for larger basic character codes beyond 127, and
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1959 additional modifier bits, we had to change the representation of meta
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1960 characters. Now the flag that represents the Meta modifier in a
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1961 character is
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diff changeset
1962 @tex
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1963 @math{2^{27}}
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1964 @end tex
27193
89afca54a135 @ifinto -> @ifnottex.
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parents: 27189
diff changeset
1965 @ifnottex
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1966 2**27
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parents: 27189
diff changeset
1967 @end ifnottex
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1968 and such numbers cannot be included in a string.
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parents: 21007
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1969
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1970 To support programs with @samp{\M-} in string constants, there are
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parents: 21007
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1971 special rules for including certain meta characters in a string.
22252
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parents: 22138
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1972 Here are the rules for interpreting a string as a sequence of input
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
1973 characters:
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parents:
diff changeset
1974
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parents:
diff changeset
1975 @itemize @bullet
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parents:
diff changeset
1976 @item
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parents: 6260
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1977 If the keyboard character value is in the range of 0 to 127, it can go
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1978 in the string unchanged.
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parents:
diff changeset
1979
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parents:
diff changeset
1980 @item
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
1981 The meta variants of those characters, with codes in the range of
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1982 @tex
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1983 @math{2^{27}}
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1984 @end tex
27193
89afca54a135 @ifinto -> @ifnottex.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 27189
diff changeset
1985 @ifnottex
12098
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1986 2**27
27193
89afca54a135 @ifinto -> @ifnottex.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 27189
diff changeset
1987 @end ifnottex
12098
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1988 to
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1989 @tex
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parents: 24951
diff changeset
1990 @math{2^{27} + 127},
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1991 @end tex
27193
89afca54a135 @ifinto -> @ifnottex.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 27189
diff changeset
1992 @ifnottex
12098
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
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1993 2**27+127,
27193
89afca54a135 @ifinto -> @ifnottex.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 27189
diff changeset
1994 @end ifnottex
12098
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
1995 can also go in the string, but you must change their
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
1996 numeric values. You must set the
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parents: 21007
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1997 @tex
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1998 @math{2^{7}}
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1999 @end tex
27193
89afca54a135 @ifinto -> @ifnottex.
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parents: 27189
diff changeset
2000 @ifnottex
12098
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
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2001 2**7
27193
89afca54a135 @ifinto -> @ifnottex.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 27189
diff changeset
2002 @end ifnottex
12098
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
2003 bit instead of the
21682
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
2004 @tex
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parents: 24951
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2005 @math{2^{27}}
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parents: 21007
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2006 @end tex
27193
89afca54a135 @ifinto -> @ifnottex.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 27189
diff changeset
2007 @ifnottex
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
2008 2**27
27193
89afca54a135 @ifinto -> @ifnottex.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 27189
diff changeset
2009 @end ifnottex
21682
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
2010 bit, resulting in a value between 128 and 255. Only a unibyte string
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2011 can include these codes.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2012
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2013 @item
52978
1a5c50faf357 Replace @sc{foo} with @acronym{FOO}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 52626
diff changeset
2014 Non-@acronym{ASCII} characters above 256 can be included in a multibyte string.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2015
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2016 @item
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2017 Other keyboard character events cannot fit in a string. This includes
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2018 keyboard events in the range of 128 to 255.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2019 @end itemize
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2020
21007
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parents: 16736
diff changeset
2021 Functions such as @code{read-key-sequence} that construct strings of
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2022 keyboard input characters follow these rules: they construct vectors
6557
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2023 instead of strings, when the events won't fit in a string.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2024
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2025 When you use the read syntax @samp{\M-} in a string, it produces a
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2026 code in the range of 128 to 255---the same code that you get if you
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2027 modify the corresponding keyboard event to put it in the string. Thus,
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2028 meta events in strings work consistently regardless of how they get into
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2029 the strings.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2030
21682
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2031 However, most programs would do well to avoid these issues by
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2032 following the recommendations at the beginning of this section.
6557
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2033
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2034 @node Reading Input
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2035 @section Reading Input
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2036
21682
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2037 The editor command loop reads key sequences using the function
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2038 @code{read-key-sequence}, which uses @code{read-event}. These and other
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2039 functions for event input are also available for use in Lisp programs.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2040 See also @code{momentary-string-display} in @ref{Temporary Displays},
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2041 and @code{sit-for} in @ref{Waiting}. @xref{Terminal Input}, for
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2042 functions and variables for controlling terminal input modes and
15764
870d35f9e086 Add some xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 14499
diff changeset
2043 debugging terminal input. @xref{Translating Input}, for features you
870d35f9e086 Add some xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 14499
diff changeset
2044 can use for translating or modifying input events while reading them.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2045
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2046 For higher-level input facilities, see @ref{Minibuffers}.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2047
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2048 @menu
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2049 * Key Sequence Input:: How to read one key sequence.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2050 * Reading One Event:: How to read just one event.
24951
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2051 * Invoking the Input Method:: How reading an event uses the input method.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2052 * Quoted Character Input:: Asking the user to specify a character.
6557
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2053 * Event Input Misc:: How to reread or throw away input events.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2054 @end menu
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2055
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2056 @node Key Sequence Input
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2057 @subsection Key Sequence Input
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2058 @cindex key sequence input
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2059
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2060 The command loop reads input a key sequence at a time, by calling
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2061 @code{read-key-sequence}. Lisp programs can also call this function;
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2062 for example, @code{describe-key} uses it to read the key to describe.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2063
60263
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
2064 @defun read-key-sequence prompt &optional continue-echo dont-downcase-last switch-frame-ok command-loop
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2065 @cindex key sequence
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2066 This function reads a key sequence and returns it as a string or
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2067 vector. It keeps reading events until it has accumulated a complete key
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2068 sequence; that is, enough to specify a non-prefix command using the
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
2069 currently active keymaps. (Remember that a key sequence that starts
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
2070 with a mouse event is read using the keymaps of the buffer in the
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
2071 window that the mouse was in, not the current buffer.)
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2072
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2073 If the events are all characters and all can fit in a string, then
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2074 @code{read-key-sequence} returns a string (@pxref{Strings of Events}).
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2075 Otherwise, it returns a vector, since a vector can hold all kinds of
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2076 events---characters, symbols, and lists. The elements of the string or
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2077 vector are the events in the key sequence.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2078
68281
b8f70fb57576 (Key Sequence Input): Clarify. Move num-nonmacro-input-events out.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 66153
diff changeset
2079 Reading a key sequence includes translating the events in various
b8f70fb57576 (Key Sequence Input): Clarify. Move num-nonmacro-input-events out.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 66153
diff changeset
2080 ways. @xref{Translating Input}.
b8f70fb57576 (Key Sequence Input): Clarify. Move num-nonmacro-input-events out.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 66153
diff changeset
2081
60263
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
2082 The argument @var{prompt} is either a string to be displayed in the
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
2083 echo area as a prompt, or @code{nil}, meaning not to display a prompt.
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
2084 The argument @var{continue-echo}, if non-@code{nil}, means to echo
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
2085 this key as a continuation of the previous key.
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
2086
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
2087 Normally any upper case event is converted to lower case if the
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
2088 original event is undefined and the lower case equivalent is defined.
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
2089 The argument @var{dont-downcase-last}, if non-@code{nil}, means do not
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
2090 convert the last event to lower case. This is appropriate for reading
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
2091 a key sequence to be defined.
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
2092
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
2093 The argument @var{switch-frame-ok}, if non-@code{nil}, means that this
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
2094 function should process a @code{switch-frame} event if the user
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
2095 switches frames before typing anything. If the user switches frames
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
2096 in the middle of a key sequence, or at the start of the sequence but
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
2097 @var{switch-frame-ok} is @code{nil}, then the event will be put off
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
2098 until after the current key sequence.
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
2099
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
2100 The argument @var{command-loop}, if non-@code{nil}, means that this
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
2101 key sequence is being read by something that will read commands one
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
2102 after another. It should be @code{nil} if the caller will read just
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
2103 one key sequence.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2104
68281
b8f70fb57576 (Key Sequence Input): Clarify. Move num-nonmacro-input-events out.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 66153
diff changeset
2105 In the following example, Emacs displays the prompt @samp{?} in the
b8f70fb57576 (Key Sequence Input): Clarify. Move num-nonmacro-input-events out.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 66153
diff changeset
2106 echo area, and then the user types @kbd{C-x C-f}.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2107
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2108 @example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2109 (read-key-sequence "?")
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2110
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2111 @group
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2112 ---------- Echo Area ----------
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2113 ?@kbd{C-x C-f}
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2114 ---------- Echo Area ----------
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2115
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2116 @result{} "^X^F"
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2117 @end group
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2118 @end example
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2119
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2120 The function @code{read-key-sequence} suppresses quitting: @kbd{C-g}
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2121 typed while reading with this function works like any other character,
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2122 and does not set @code{quit-flag}. @xref{Quitting}.
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2123 @end defun
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2124
60263
77eae74f8d56 (Command Overview): Improve xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59875
diff changeset
2125 @defun read-key-sequence-vector prompt &optional continue-echo dont-downcase-last switch-frame-ok command-loop
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2126 This is like @code{read-key-sequence} except that it always
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2127 returns the key sequence as a vector, never as a string.
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2128 @xref{Strings of Events}.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2129 @end defun
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2130
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2131 @cindex upper case key sequence
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2132 @cindex downcasing in @code{lookup-key}
57157
4d72b7709db1 (Key Sequence Input): Clarify downcasing in read-key-sequence.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56620
diff changeset
2133 If an input character is upper-case (or has the shift modifier) and
4d72b7709db1 (Key Sequence Input): Clarify downcasing in read-key-sequence.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56620
diff changeset
2134 has no key binding, but its lower-case equivalent has one, then
4d72b7709db1 (Key Sequence Input): Clarify downcasing in read-key-sequence.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56620
diff changeset
2135 @code{read-key-sequence} converts the character to lower case. Note
4d72b7709db1 (Key Sequence Input): Clarify downcasing in read-key-sequence.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 56620
diff changeset
2136 that @code{lookup-key} does not perform case conversion in this way.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2137
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2138 The function @code{read-key-sequence} also transforms some mouse events.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2139 It converts unbound drag events into click events, and discards unbound
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
2140 button-down events entirely. It also reshuffles focus events and
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
2141 miscellaneous window events so that they never appear in a key sequence
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
2142 with any other events.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2143
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
2144 @cindex @code{header-line} prefix key
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
2145 @cindex @code{mode-line} prefix key
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
2146 @cindex @code{vertical-line} prefix key
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
2147 @cindex @code{horizontal-scroll-bar} prefix key
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
2148 @cindex @code{vertical-scroll-bar} prefix key
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
2149 @cindex @code{menu-bar} prefix key
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
2150 @cindex mouse events, in special parts of frame
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2151 When mouse events occur in special parts of a window, such as a mode
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2152 line or a scroll bar, the event type shows nothing special---it is the
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2153 same symbol that would normally represent that combination of mouse
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2154 button and modifier keys. The information about the window part is kept
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2155 elsewhere in the event---in the coordinates. But
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2156 @code{read-key-sequence} translates this information into imaginary
27301
8c79b30d8475 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27193
diff changeset
2157 ``prefix keys'', all of which are symbols: @code{header-line},
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
2158 @code{horizontal-scroll-bar}, @code{menu-bar}, @code{mode-line},
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
2159 @code{vertical-line}, and @code{vertical-scroll-bar}. You can define
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
2160 meanings for mouse clicks in special window parts by defining key
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
2161 sequences using these imaginary prefix keys.
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2162
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2163 For example, if you call @code{read-key-sequence} and then click the
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
2164 mouse on the window's mode line, you get two events, like this:
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2165
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2166 @example
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2167 (read-key-sequence "Click on the mode line: ")
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2168 @result{} [mode-line
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2169 (mouse-1
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2170 (#<window 6 on NEWS> mode-line
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2171 (40 . 63) 5959987))]
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2172 @end example
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2173
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2174 @defvar num-input-keys
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2175 @c Emacs 19 feature
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2176 This variable's value is the number of key sequences processed so far in
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2177 this Emacs session. This includes key sequences read from the terminal
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2178 and key sequences read from keyboard macros being executed.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2179 @end defvar
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2180
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2181 @node Reading One Event
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2182 @subsection Reading One Event
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
2183 @cindex reading a single event
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
2184 @cindex event, reading only one
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2185
7735
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
2186 The lowest level functions for command input are those that read a
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2187 single event.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2188
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
2189 None of the three functions below suppresses quitting.
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
2190
24951
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2191 @defun read-event &optional prompt inherit-input-method
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2192 This function reads and returns the next event of command input, waiting
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2193 if necessary until an event is available. Events can come directly from
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2194 the user or from a keyboard macro.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2195
24951
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2196 If the optional argument @var{prompt} is non-@code{nil}, it should be a
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2197 string to display in the echo area as a prompt. Otherwise,
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2198 @code{read-event} does not display any message to indicate it is waiting
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2199 for input; instead, it prompts by echoing: it displays descriptions of
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2200 the events that led to or were read by the current command. @xref{The
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2201 Echo Area}.
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2202
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2203 If @var{inherit-input-method} is non-@code{nil}, then the current input
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2204 method (if any) is employed to make it possible to enter a
52978
1a5c50faf357 Replace @sc{foo} with @acronym{FOO}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 52626
diff changeset
2205 non-@acronym{ASCII} character. Otherwise, input method handling is disabled
24951
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2206 for reading this event.
23110
0d84817a4973 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22843
diff changeset
2207
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2208 If @code{cursor-in-echo-area} is non-@code{nil}, then @code{read-event}
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2209 moves the cursor temporarily to the echo area, to the end of any message
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2210 displayed there. Otherwise @code{read-event} does not move the cursor.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2211
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
2212 If @code{read-event} gets an event that is defined as a help character,
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
2213 then in some cases @code{read-event} processes the event directly without
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
2214 returning. @xref{Help Functions}. Certain other events, called
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
2215 @dfn{special events}, are also processed directly within
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
2216 @code{read-event} (@pxref{Special Events}).
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
2217
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2218 Here is what happens if you call @code{read-event} and then press the
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2219 right-arrow function key:
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2220
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2221 @example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2222 @group
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2223 (read-event)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2224 @result{} right
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2225 @end group
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2226 @end example
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2227 @end defun
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2228
24951
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2229 @defun read-char &optional prompt inherit-input-method
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2230 This function reads and returns a character of command input. If the
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2231 user generates an event which is not a character (i.e. a mouse click or
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2232 function key event), @code{read-char} signals an error. The arguments
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2233 work as in @code{read-event}.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2234
52978
1a5c50faf357 Replace @sc{foo} with @acronym{FOO}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 52626
diff changeset
2235 In the first example, the user types the character @kbd{1} (@acronym{ASCII}
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2236 code 49). The second example shows a keyboard macro definition that
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2237 calls @code{read-char} from the minibuffer using @code{eval-expression}.
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2238 @code{read-char} reads the keyboard macro's very next character, which
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2239 is @kbd{1}. Then @code{eval-expression} displays its return value in
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2240 the echo area.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2241
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2242 @example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2243 @group
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2244 (read-char)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2245 @result{} 49
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2246 @end group
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2247
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2248 @group
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
2249 ;; @r{We assume here you use @kbd{M-:} to evaluate this.}
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2250 (symbol-function 'foo)
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
2251 @result{} "^[:(read-char)^M1"
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2252 @end group
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2253 @group
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2254 (execute-kbd-macro 'foo)
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2255 @print{} 49
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2256 @result{} nil
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2257 @end group
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2258 @end example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2259 @end defun
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2260
24951
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2261 @defun read-char-exclusive &optional prompt inherit-input-method
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2262 This function reads and returns a character of command input. If the
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2263 user generates an event which is not a character,
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2264 @code{read-char-exclusive} ignores it and reads another event, until it
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2265 gets a character. The arguments work as in @code{read-event}.
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2266 @end defun
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2267
68281
b8f70fb57576 (Key Sequence Input): Clarify. Move num-nonmacro-input-events out.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 66153
diff changeset
2268 @defvar num-nonmacro-input-events
b8f70fb57576 (Key Sequence Input): Clarify. Move num-nonmacro-input-events out.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 66153
diff changeset
2269 This variable holds the total number of input events received so far
b8f70fb57576 (Key Sequence Input): Clarify. Move num-nonmacro-input-events out.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 66153
diff changeset
2270 from the terminal---not counting those generated by keyboard macros.
b8f70fb57576 (Key Sequence Input): Clarify. Move num-nonmacro-input-events out.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 66153
diff changeset
2271 @end defvar
b8f70fb57576 (Key Sequence Input): Clarify. Move num-nonmacro-input-events out.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 66153
diff changeset
2272
24951
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2273 @node Invoking the Input Method
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2274 @subsection Invoking the Input Method
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2275
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2276 The event-reading functions invoke the current input method, if any
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2277 (@pxref{Input Methods}). If the value of @code{input-method-function}
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2278 is non-@code{nil}, it should be a function; when @code{read-event} reads
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2279 a printing character (including @key{SPC}) with no modifier bits, it
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2280 calls that function, passing the character as an argument.
22843
63f6e25f0cbd *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22440
diff changeset
2281
63f6e25f0cbd *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22440
diff changeset
2282 @defvar input-method-function
63f6e25f0cbd *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22440
diff changeset
2283 If this is non-@code{nil}, its value specifies the current input method
63f6e25f0cbd *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22440
diff changeset
2284 function.
23110
0d84817a4973 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22843
diff changeset
2285
52626
fe75563f4d13 Avoid @strong{Note:}.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
2286 @strong{Warning:} don't bind this variable with @code{let}. It is often
23110
0d84817a4973 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22843
diff changeset
2287 buffer-local, and if you bind it around reading input (which is exactly
0d84817a4973 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22843
diff changeset
2288 when you @emph{would} bind it), switching buffers asynchronously while
0d84817a4973 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22843
diff changeset
2289 Emacs is waiting will cause the value to be restored in the wrong
0d84817a4973 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22843
diff changeset
2290 buffer.
22843
63f6e25f0cbd *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22440
diff changeset
2291 @end defvar
63f6e25f0cbd *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22440
diff changeset
2292
63f6e25f0cbd *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22440
diff changeset
2293 The input method function should return a list of events which should
63f6e25f0cbd *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22440
diff changeset
2294 be used as input. (If the list is @code{nil}, that means there is no
63f6e25f0cbd *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22440
diff changeset
2295 input, so @code{read-event} waits for another event.) These events are
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
2296 processed before the events in @code{unread-command-events}
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26288
diff changeset
2297 (@pxref{Event Input Misc}). Events
22843
63f6e25f0cbd *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22440
diff changeset
2298 returned by the input method function are not passed to the input method
63f6e25f0cbd *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22440
diff changeset
2299 function again, even if they are printing characters with no modifier
63f6e25f0cbd *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22440
diff changeset
2300 bits.
63f6e25f0cbd *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22440
diff changeset
2301
63f6e25f0cbd *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22440
diff changeset
2302 If the input method function calls @code{read-event} or
63f6e25f0cbd *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22440
diff changeset
2303 @code{read-key-sequence}, it should bind @code{input-method-function} to
63f6e25f0cbd *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22440
diff changeset
2304 @code{nil} first, to prevent recursion.
63f6e25f0cbd *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22440
diff changeset
2305
63f6e25f0cbd *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22440
diff changeset
2306 The input method function is not called when reading the second and
24951
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2307 subsequent events of a key sequence. Thus, these characters are not
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2308 subject to input method processing. The input method function should
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2309 test the values of @code{overriding-local-map} and
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2310 @code{overriding-terminal-local-map}; if either of these variables is
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2311 non-@code{nil}, the input method should put its argument into a list and
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 23110
diff changeset
2312 return that list with no further processing.
22843
63f6e25f0cbd *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22440
diff changeset
2313
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2314 @node Quoted Character Input
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2315 @subsection Quoted Character Input
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2316 @cindex quoted character input
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2317
7735
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
2318 You can use the function @code{read-quoted-char} to ask the user to
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
2319 specify a character, and allow the user to specify a control or meta
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
2320 character conveniently, either literally or as an octal character code.
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
2321 The command @code{quoted-insert} uses this function.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2322
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2323 @defun read-quoted-char &optional prompt
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2324 @cindex octal character input
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2325 @cindex control characters, reading
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2326 @cindex nonprinting characters, reading
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2327 This function is like @code{read-char}, except that if the first
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2328 character read is an octal digit (0-7), it reads any number of octal
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2329 digits (but stopping if a non-octal digit is found), and returns the
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
2330 character represented by that numeric character code. If the
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
2331 character that terminates the sequence of octal digits is @key{RET},
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
2332 it is discarded. Any other terminating character is used as input
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
2333 after this function returns.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2334
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2335 Quitting is suppressed when the first character is read, so that the
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2336 user can enter a @kbd{C-g}. @xref{Quitting}.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2337
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2338 If @var{prompt} is supplied, it specifies a string for prompting the
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2339 user. The prompt string is always displayed in the echo area, followed
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2340 by a single @samp{-}.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2341
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2342 In the following example, the user types in the octal number 177 (which
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2343 is 127 in decimal).
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2344
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2345 @example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2346 (read-quoted-char "What character")
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2347
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2348 @group
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2349 ---------- Echo Area ----------
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
2350 What character @kbd{1 7 7}-
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2351 ---------- Echo Area ----------
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2352
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2353 @result{} 127
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2354 @end group
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2355 @end example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2356 @end defun
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2357
7735
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
2358 @need 2000
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2359 @node Event Input Misc
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2360 @subsection Miscellaneous Event Input Features
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2361
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2362 This section describes how to ``peek ahead'' at events without using
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2363 them up, how to check for pending input, and how to discard pending
22252
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22138
diff changeset
2364 input. See also the function @code{read-passwd} (@pxref{Reading a
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22138
diff changeset
2365 Password}).
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2366
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2367 @defvar unread-command-events
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2368 @cindex next input
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2369 @cindex peeking at input
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2370 This variable holds a list of events waiting to be read as command
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2371 input. The events are used in the order they appear in the list, and
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2372 removed one by one as they are used.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2373
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2374 The variable is needed because in some cases a function reads an event
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2375 and then decides not to use it. Storing the event in this variable
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2376 causes it to be processed normally, by the command loop or by the
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2377 functions to read command input.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2378
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2379 @cindex prefix argument unreading
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2380 For example, the function that implements numeric prefix arguments reads
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2381 any number of digits. When it finds a non-digit event, it must unread
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2382 the event so that it can be read normally by the command loop.
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48731
diff changeset
2383 Likewise, incremental search uses this feature to unread events with no
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2384 special meaning in a search, because these events should exit the search
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2385 and then execute normally.
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2386
7735
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
2387 The reliable and easy way to extract events from a key sequence so as to
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
2388 put them in @code{unread-command-events} is to use
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2389 @code{listify-key-sequence} (@pxref{Strings of Events}).
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2390
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2391 Normally you add events to the front of this list, so that the events
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2392 most recently unread will be reread first.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2393 @end defvar
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2394
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2395 @defun listify-key-sequence key
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2396 This function converts the string or vector @var{key} to a list of
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2397 individual events, which you can put in @code{unread-command-events}.
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2398 @end defun
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2399
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2400 @defvar unread-command-char
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2401 This variable holds a character to be read as command input.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2402 A value of -1 means ``empty''.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2403
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2404 This variable is mostly obsolete now that you can use
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2405 @code{unread-command-events} instead; it exists only to support programs
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2406 written for Emacs versions 18 and earlier.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2407 @end defvar
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2408
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2409 @defun input-pending-p
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2410 @cindex waiting for command key input
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2411 This function determines whether any command input is currently
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2412 available to be read. It returns immediately, with value @code{t} if
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2413 there is available input, @code{nil} otherwise. On rare occasions it
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2414 may return @code{t} when no input is available.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2415 @end defun
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2416
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2417 @defvar last-input-event
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2418 @defvarx last-input-char
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2419 This variable records the last terminal input event read, whether
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2420 as part of a command or explicitly by a Lisp program.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2421
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2422 In the example below, the Lisp program reads the character @kbd{1},
52978
1a5c50faf357 Replace @sc{foo} with @acronym{FOO}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 52626
diff changeset
2423 @acronym{ASCII} code 49. It becomes the value of @code{last-input-event},
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
2424 while @kbd{C-e} (we assume @kbd{C-x C-e} command is used to evaluate
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
2425 this expression) remains the value of @code{last-command-event}.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2426
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2427 @example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2428 @group
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2429 (progn (print (read-char))
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2430 (print last-command-event)
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2431 last-input-event)
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2432 @print{} 49
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2433 @print{} 5
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2434 @result{} 49
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2435 @end group
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2436 @end example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2437
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2438 The alias @code{last-input-char} exists for compatibility with
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2439 Emacs version 18.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2440 @end defvar
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2441
66140
8dc3a4b8291f (Event Input Misc): Replace `...' with `@dots{}' in `@defmac' and `@defspec'.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents: 64889
diff changeset
2442 @defmac while-no-input body@dots{}
64840
41b10113bde8 (Event Input Misc): Update while-no-input.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64450
diff changeset
2443 This construct runs the @var{body} forms and returns the value of the
41b10113bde8 (Event Input Misc): Update while-no-input.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64450
diff changeset
2444 last one---but only if no input arrives. If any input arrives during
41b10113bde8 (Event Input Misc): Update while-no-input.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64450
diff changeset
2445 the execution of the @var{body} forms, it aborts them (working much
41b10113bde8 (Event Input Misc): Update while-no-input.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64450
diff changeset
2446 like a quit). The @code{while-no-input} form returns @code{nil} if
41b10113bde8 (Event Input Misc): Update while-no-input.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64450
diff changeset
2447 aborted by a real quit, and returns @code{t} if aborted by arrival of
41b10113bde8 (Event Input Misc): Update while-no-input.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64450
diff changeset
2448 other input.
59057
92202f639066 (Event Input Misc): Add while-no-input.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57963
diff changeset
2449
92202f639066 (Event Input Misc): Add while-no-input.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57963
diff changeset
2450 If a part of @var{body} binds @code{inhibit-quit} to non-@code{nil},
92202f639066 (Event Input Misc): Add while-no-input.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57963
diff changeset
2451 arrival of input during those parts won't cause an abort until
92202f639066 (Event Input Misc): Add while-no-input.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57963
diff changeset
2452 the end of that part.
64840
41b10113bde8 (Event Input Misc): Update while-no-input.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64450
diff changeset
2453
41b10113bde8 (Event Input Misc): Update while-no-input.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64450
diff changeset
2454 If you want to be able to distingish all possible values computed
41b10113bde8 (Event Input Misc): Update while-no-input.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64450
diff changeset
2455 by @var{body} from both kinds of abort conditions, write the code
41b10113bde8 (Event Input Misc): Update while-no-input.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64450
diff changeset
2456 like this:
41b10113bde8 (Event Input Misc): Update while-no-input.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64450
diff changeset
2457
41b10113bde8 (Event Input Misc): Update while-no-input.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64450
diff changeset
2458 @example
41b10113bde8 (Event Input Misc): Update while-no-input.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64450
diff changeset
2459 (while-no-input
41b10113bde8 (Event Input Misc): Update while-no-input.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64450
diff changeset
2460 (list
41b10113bde8 (Event Input Misc): Update while-no-input.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64450
diff changeset
2461 (progn . @var{body})))
41b10113bde8 (Event Input Misc): Update while-no-input.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64450
diff changeset
2462 @end example
59057
92202f639066 (Event Input Misc): Add while-no-input.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57963
diff changeset
2463 @end defmac
92202f639066 (Event Input Misc): Add while-no-input.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57963
diff changeset
2464
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2465 @defun discard-input
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2466 @cindex flush input
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2467 @cindex discard input
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2468 @cindex terminate keyboard macro
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2469 This function discards the contents of the terminal input buffer and
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2470 cancels any keyboard macro that might be in the process of definition.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2471 It returns @code{nil}.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2472
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2473 In the following example, the user may type a number of characters right
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2474 after starting the evaluation of the form. After the @code{sleep-for}
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48731
diff changeset
2475 finishes sleeping, @code{discard-input} discards any characters typed
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2476 during the sleep.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2477
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2478 @example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2479 (progn (sleep-for 2)
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2480 (discard-input))
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2481 @result{} nil
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2482 @end example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2483 @end defun
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2484
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2485 @node Special Events
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2486 @section Special Events
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2487
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2488 @cindex special events
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2489 Special events are handled at a very low level---as soon as they are
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2490 read. The @code{read-event} function processes these events itself, and
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
2491 never returns them. Instead, it keeps waiting for the first event
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
2492 that is not special and returns that one.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2493
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2494 Events that are handled in this way do not echo, they are never grouped
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2495 into key sequences, and they never appear in the value of
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2496 @code{last-command-event} or @code{(this-command-keys)}. They do not
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2497 discard a numeric argument, they cannot be unread with
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2498 @code{unread-command-events}, they may not appear in a keyboard macro,
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2499 and they are not recorded in a keyboard macro while you are defining
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2500 one.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2501
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2502 These events do, however, appear in @code{last-input-event} immediately
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2503 after they are read, and this is the way for the event's definition to
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2504 find the actual event.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2505
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2506 The events types @code{iconify-frame}, @code{make-frame-visible} and
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2507 @code{delete-frame} are normally handled in this way. The keymap which
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2508 defines how to handle special events---and which events are special---is
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2509 in the variable @code{special-event-map} (@pxref{Active Keymaps}).
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2510
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2511 @node Waiting
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2512 @section Waiting for Elapsed Time or Input
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2513 @cindex pausing
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2514 @cindex waiting
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2515
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2516 The wait functions are designed to wait for a certain amount of time
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2517 to pass or until there is input. For example, you may wish to pause in
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2518 the middle of a computation to allow the user time to view the display.
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2519 @code{sit-for} pauses and updates the screen, and returns immediately if
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2520 input comes in, while @code{sleep-for} pauses without updating the
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2521 screen.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2522
51912
3abd89560852 (Command Overview): Emacs server runs pre-command-hook and post-command-hook.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2523 @defun sit-for seconds &optional nodisp
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2524 This function performs redisplay (provided there is no pending input
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2525 from the user), then waits @var{seconds} seconds, or until input is
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2526 available. The value is @code{t} if @code{sit-for} waited the full
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48731
diff changeset
2527 time with no input arriving (see @code{input-pending-p} in @ref{Event
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2528 Input Misc}). Otherwise, the value is @code{nil}.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2529
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
2530 The argument @var{seconds} need not be an integer. If it is a floating
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
2531 point number, @code{sit-for} waits for a fractional number of seconds.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
2532 Some systems support only a whole number of seconds; on these systems,
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
2533 @var{seconds} is rounded down.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
2534
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24951
diff changeset
2535 The expression @code{(sit-for 0)} is a convenient way to request a
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24951
diff changeset
2536 redisplay, without any delay. @xref{Forcing Redisplay}.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2537
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2538 If @var{nodisp} is non-@code{nil}, then @code{sit-for} does not
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2539 redisplay, but it still returns as soon as input is available (or when
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2540 the timeout elapses).
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2541
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10834
diff changeset
2542 Iconifying or deiconifying a frame makes @code{sit-for} return, because
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10834
diff changeset
2543 that generates an event. @xref{Misc Events}.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10834
diff changeset
2544
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2545 The usual purpose of @code{sit-for} is to give the user time to read
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2546 text that you display.
51912
3abd89560852 (Command Overview): Emacs server runs pre-command-hook and post-command-hook.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2547
3abd89560852 (Command Overview): Emacs server runs pre-command-hook and post-command-hook.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2548 It is also possible to call @code{sit-for} with three arguments,
3abd89560852 (Command Overview): Emacs server runs pre-command-hook and post-command-hook.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2549 as @code{(sit-for @var{seconds} @var{millisec} @var{nodisp})},
3abd89560852 (Command Overview): Emacs server runs pre-command-hook and post-command-hook.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2550 but that is considered obsolete.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2551 @end defun
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2552
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2553 @defun sleep-for seconds &optional millisec
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2554 This function simply pauses for @var{seconds} seconds without updating
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2555 the display. It pays no attention to available input. It returns
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2556 @code{nil}.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2557
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
2558 The argument @var{seconds} need not be an integer. If it is a floating
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
2559 point number, @code{sleep-for} waits for a fractional number of seconds.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
2560 Some systems support only a whole number of seconds; on these systems,
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
2561 @var{seconds} is rounded down.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
2562
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2563 The optional argument @var{millisec} specifies an additional waiting
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2564 period measured in milliseconds. This adds to the period specified by
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
2565 @var{seconds}. If the system doesn't support waiting fractions of a
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
2566 second, you get an error if you specify nonzero @var{millisec}.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2567
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2568 Use @code{sleep-for} when you wish to guarantee a delay.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2569 @end defun
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2570
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2571 @xref{Time of Day}, for functions to get the current time.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2572
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2573 @node Quitting
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2574 @section Quitting
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2575 @cindex @kbd{C-g}
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2576 @cindex quitting
45191
60dbe3b230eb (Quitting): Add an index entry containing the word ``interrupt''.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 44675
diff changeset
2577 @cindex interrupt Lisp functions
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2578
7735
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
2579 Typing @kbd{C-g} while a Lisp function is running causes Emacs to
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
2580 @dfn{quit} whatever it is doing. This means that control returns to the
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
2581 innermost active command loop.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2582
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2583 Typing @kbd{C-g} while the command loop is waiting for keyboard input
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2584 does not cause a quit; it acts as an ordinary input character. In the
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2585 simplest case, you cannot tell the difference, because @kbd{C-g}
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2586 normally runs the command @code{keyboard-quit}, whose effect is to quit.
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2587 However, when @kbd{C-g} follows a prefix key, they combine to form an
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2588 undefined key. The effect is to cancel the prefix key as well as any
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2589 prefix argument.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2590
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2591 In the minibuffer, @kbd{C-g} has a different definition: it aborts out
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2592 of the minibuffer. This means, in effect, that it exits the minibuffer
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2593 and then quits. (Simply quitting would return to the command loop
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2594 @emph{within} the minibuffer.) The reason why @kbd{C-g} does not quit
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2595 directly when the command reader is reading input is so that its meaning
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2596 can be redefined in the minibuffer in this way. @kbd{C-g} following a
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2597 prefix key is not redefined in the minibuffer, and it has its normal
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2598 effect of canceling the prefix key and prefix argument. This too
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2599 would not be possible if @kbd{C-g} always quit directly.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2600
7735
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
2601 When @kbd{C-g} does directly quit, it does so by setting the variable
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2602 @code{quit-flag} to @code{t}. Emacs checks this variable at appropriate
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2603 times and quits if it is not @code{nil}. Setting @code{quit-flag}
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2604 non-@code{nil} in any way thus causes a quit.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2605
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2606 At the level of C code, quitting cannot happen just anywhere; only at the
7735
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
2607 special places that check @code{quit-flag}. The reason for this is
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2608 that quitting at other places might leave an inconsistency in Emacs's
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48731
diff changeset
2609 internal state. Because quitting is delayed until a safe place, quitting
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2610 cannot make Emacs crash.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2611
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2612 Certain functions such as @code{read-key-sequence} or
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2613 @code{read-quoted-char} prevent quitting entirely even though they wait
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2614 for input. Instead of quitting, @kbd{C-g} serves as the requested
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2615 input. In the case of @code{read-key-sequence}, this serves to bring
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2616 about the special behavior of @kbd{C-g} in the command loop. In the
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2617 case of @code{read-quoted-char}, this is so that @kbd{C-q} can be used
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48731
diff changeset
2618 to quote a @kbd{C-g}.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2619
45191
60dbe3b230eb (Quitting): Add an index entry containing the word ``interrupt''.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 44675
diff changeset
2620 @cindex prevent quitting
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2621 You can prevent quitting for a portion of a Lisp function by binding
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2622 the variable @code{inhibit-quit} to a non-@code{nil} value. Then,
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2623 although @kbd{C-g} still sets @code{quit-flag} to @code{t} as usual, the
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2624 usual result of this---a quit---is prevented. Eventually,
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2625 @code{inhibit-quit} will become @code{nil} again, such as when its
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2626 binding is unwound at the end of a @code{let} form. At that time, if
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2627 @code{quit-flag} is still non-@code{nil}, the requested quit happens
7735
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
2628 immediately. This behavior is ideal when you wish to make sure that
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
2629 quitting does not happen within a ``critical section'' of the program.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2630
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2631 @cindex @code{read-quoted-char} quitting
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2632 In some functions (such as @code{read-quoted-char}), @kbd{C-g} is
7735
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
2633 handled in a special way that does not involve quitting. This is done
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2634 by reading the input with @code{inhibit-quit} bound to @code{t}, and
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2635 setting @code{quit-flag} to @code{nil} before @code{inhibit-quit}
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2636 becomes @code{nil} again. This excerpt from the definition of
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2637 @code{read-quoted-char} shows how this is done; it also shows that
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2638 normal quitting is permitted after the first character of input.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2639
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2640 @example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2641 (defun read-quoted-char (&optional prompt)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2642 "@dots{}@var{documentation}@dots{}"
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2643 (let ((message-log-max nil) done (first t) (code 0) char)
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2644 (while (not done)
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2645 (let ((inhibit-quit first)
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2646 @dots{})
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2647 (and prompt (message "%s-" prompt))
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2648 (setq char (read-event))
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2649 (if inhibit-quit (setq quit-flag nil)))
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2650 @r{@dots{}set the variable @code{code}@dots{}})
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2651 code))
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2652 @end example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2653
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2654 @defvar quit-flag
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2655 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, then Emacs quits immediately, unless
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2656 @code{inhibit-quit} is non-@code{nil}. Typing @kbd{C-g} ordinarily sets
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2657 @code{quit-flag} non-@code{nil}, regardless of @code{inhibit-quit}.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2658 @end defvar
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2659
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2660 @defvar inhibit-quit
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2661 This variable determines whether Emacs should quit when @code{quit-flag}
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2662 is set to a value other than @code{nil}. If @code{inhibit-quit} is
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2663 non-@code{nil}, then @code{quit-flag} has no special effect.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2664 @end defvar
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2665
66140
8dc3a4b8291f (Event Input Misc): Replace `...' with `@dots{}' in `@defmac' and `@defspec'.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents: 64889
diff changeset
2666 @defmac with-local-quit body@dots{}
8dc3a4b8291f (Event Input Misc): Replace `...' with `@dots{}' in `@defmac' and `@defspec'.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents: 64889
diff changeset
2667 This macro executes @var{body} forms in sequence, but allows quitting, at
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
2668 least locally, within @var{body} even if @code{inhibit-quit} was
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
2669 non-@code{nil} outside this construct. It returns the value of the
66140
8dc3a4b8291f (Event Input Misc): Replace `...' with `@dots{}' in `@defmac' and `@defspec'.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents: 64889
diff changeset
2670 last form in @var{body}, unless exited by quitting, in which case
59166
396ac6daefa7 (Quitting): Clarify value of with-local-quit.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59057
diff changeset
2671 it returns @code{nil}.
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
2672
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
2673 If @code{inhibit-quit} is @code{nil} on entry to @code{with-local-quit},
66140
8dc3a4b8291f (Event Input Misc): Replace `...' with `@dots{}' in `@defmac' and `@defspec'.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents: 64889
diff changeset
2674 it only executes the @var{body}, and setting @code{quit-flag} causes
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
2675 a normal quit. However, if @code{inhibit-quit} is non-@code{nil} so
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
2676 that ordinary quitting is delayed, a non-@code{nil} @code{quit-flag}
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
2677 triggers a special kind of local quit. This ends the execution of
66140
8dc3a4b8291f (Event Input Misc): Replace `...' with `@dots{}' in `@defmac' and `@defspec'.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents: 64889
diff changeset
2678 @var{body} and exits the @code{with-local-quit} body with
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
2679 @code{quit-flag} still non-@code{nil}, so that another (ordinary) quit
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
2680 will happen as soon as that is allowed. If @code{quit-flag} is
66140
8dc3a4b8291f (Event Input Misc): Replace `...' with `@dots{}' in `@defmac' and `@defspec'.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents: 64889
diff changeset
2681 already non-@code{nil} at the beginning of @var{body}, the local quit
8dc3a4b8291f (Event Input Misc): Replace `...' with `@dots{}' in `@defmac' and `@defspec'.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents: 64889
diff changeset
2682 happens immediately and the body doesn't execute at all.
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
2683
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
2684 This macro is mainly useful in functions that can be called from
66153
e2fa815b43c1 (Quitting): Minor clarification.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 66140
diff changeset
2685 timers, process filters, process sentinels, @code{pre-command-hook},
e2fa815b43c1 (Quitting): Minor clarification.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 66140
diff changeset
2686 @code{post-command-hook}, and other places where @code{inhibit-quit} is
e2fa815b43c1 (Quitting): Minor clarification.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 66140
diff changeset
2687 normally bound to @code{t}.
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
2688 @end defmac
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
2689
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2690 @deffn Command keyboard-quit
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2691 This function signals the @code{quit} condition with @code{(signal 'quit
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2692 nil)}. This is the same thing that quitting does. (See @code{signal}
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2693 in @ref{Errors}.)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2694 @end deffn
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2695
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2696 You can specify a character other than @kbd{C-g} to use for quitting.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2697 See the function @code{set-input-mode} in @ref{Terminal Input}.
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48731
diff changeset
2698
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2699 @node Prefix Command Arguments
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2700 @section Prefix Command Arguments
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2701 @cindex prefix argument
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2702 @cindex raw prefix argument
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2703 @cindex numeric prefix argument
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2704
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2705 Most Emacs commands can use a @dfn{prefix argument}, a number
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2706 specified before the command itself. (Don't confuse prefix arguments
7735
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
2707 with prefix keys.) The prefix argument is at all times represented by a
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
2708 value, which may be @code{nil}, meaning there is currently no prefix
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
2709 argument. Each command may use the prefix argument or ignore it.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2710
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2711 There are two representations of the prefix argument: @dfn{raw} and
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2712 @dfn{numeric}. The editor command loop uses the raw representation
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2713 internally, and so do the Lisp variables that store the information, but
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2714 commands can request either representation.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2715
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2716 Here are the possible values of a raw prefix argument:
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2717
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2718 @itemize @bullet
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2719 @item
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2720 @code{nil}, meaning there is no prefix argument. Its numeric value is
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2721 1, but numerous commands make a distinction between @code{nil} and the
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2722 integer 1.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2723
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2724 @item
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2725 An integer, which stands for itself.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2726
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2727 @item
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2728 A list of one element, which is an integer. This form of prefix
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2729 argument results from one or a succession of @kbd{C-u}'s with no
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2730 digits. The numeric value is the integer in the list, but some
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2731 commands make a distinction between such a list and an integer alone.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2732
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2733 @item
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2734 The symbol @code{-}. This indicates that @kbd{M--} or @kbd{C-u -} was
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2735 typed, without following digits. The equivalent numeric value is
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2736 @minus{}1, but some commands make a distinction between the integer
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2737 @minus{}1 and the symbol @code{-}.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2738 @end itemize
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2739
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2740 We illustrate these possibilities by calling the following function with
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2741 various prefixes:
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2742
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2743 @example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2744 @group
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2745 (defun display-prefix (arg)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2746 "Display the value of the raw prefix arg."
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2747 (interactive "P")
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2748 (message "%s" arg))
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2749 @end group
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2750 @end example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2751
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2752 @noindent
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2753 Here are the results of calling @code{display-prefix} with various
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2754 raw prefix arguments:
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2755
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2756 @example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2757 M-x display-prefix @print{} nil
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2758
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2759 C-u M-x display-prefix @print{} (4)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2760
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2761 C-u C-u M-x display-prefix @print{} (16)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2762
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2763 C-u 3 M-x display-prefix @print{} 3
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2764
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2765 M-3 M-x display-prefix @print{} 3 ; @r{(Same as @code{C-u 3}.)}
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2766
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48731
diff changeset
2767 C-u - M-x display-prefix @print{} -
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2768
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2769 M-- M-x display-prefix @print{} - ; @r{(Same as @code{C-u -}.)}
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2770
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48731
diff changeset
2771 C-u - 7 M-x display-prefix @print{} -7
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2772
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2773 M-- 7 M-x display-prefix @print{} -7 ; @r{(Same as @code{C-u -7}.)}
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2774 @end example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2775
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2776 Emacs uses two variables to store the prefix argument:
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2777 @code{prefix-arg} and @code{current-prefix-arg}. Commands such as
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2778 @code{universal-argument} that set up prefix arguments for other
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2779 commands store them in @code{prefix-arg}. In contrast,
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2780 @code{current-prefix-arg} conveys the prefix argument to the current
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2781 command, so setting it has no effect on the prefix arguments for future
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2782 commands.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2783
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2784 Normally, commands specify which representation to use for the prefix
68709
ca7b5630bffa (Prefix Command Arguments): Minor cleanup.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 68648
diff changeset
2785 argument, either numeric or raw, in the @code{interactive} specification.
7735
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
2786 (@xref{Using Interactive}.) Alternatively, functions may look at the
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2787 value of the prefix argument directly in the variable
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2788 @code{current-prefix-arg}, but this is less clean.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2789
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2790 @defun prefix-numeric-value arg
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2791 This function returns the numeric meaning of a valid raw prefix argument
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2792 value, @var{arg}. The argument may be a symbol, a number, or a list.
7735
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
2793 If it is @code{nil}, the value 1 is returned; if it is @code{-}, the
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
2794 value @minus{}1 is returned; if it is a number, that number is returned;
53297
4c4e0f5356bf Replace all occurrences of @acronym{CAR} with @sc{car}, for
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 53183
diff changeset
2795 if it is a list, the @sc{car} of that list (which should be a number) is
7735
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
2796 returned.
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2797 @end defun
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2798
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2799 @defvar current-prefix-arg
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2800 This variable holds the raw prefix argument for the @emph{current}
16736
981e116b4ac6 Minor cleanups for overfull hboxes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 15764
diff changeset
2801 command. Commands may examine it directly, but the usual method for
981e116b4ac6 Minor cleanups for overfull hboxes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 15764
diff changeset
2802 accessing it is with @code{(interactive "P")}.
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2803 @end defvar
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2804
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2805 @defvar prefix-arg
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2806 The value of this variable is the raw prefix argument for the
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2807 @emph{next} editing command. Commands such as @code{universal-argument}
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2808 that specify prefix arguments for the following command work by setting
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2809 this variable.
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2810 @end defvar
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2811
22440
8a51f757af2c *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22252
diff changeset
2812 @defvar last-prefix-arg
8a51f757af2c *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22252
diff changeset
2813 The raw prefix argument value used by the previous command.
8a51f757af2c *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22252
diff changeset
2814 @end defvar
8a51f757af2c *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22252
diff changeset
2815
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2816 The following commands exist to set up prefix arguments for the
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
2817 following command. Do not call them for any other reason.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2818
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2819 @deffn Command universal-argument
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2820 This command reads input and specifies a prefix argument for the
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2821 following command. Don't call this command yourself unless you know
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2822 what you are doing.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2823 @end deffn
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2824
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2825 @deffn Command digit-argument arg
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2826 This command adds to the prefix argument for the following command. The
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2827 argument @var{arg} is the raw prefix argument as it was before this
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2828 command; it is used to compute the updated prefix argument. Don't call
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2829 this command yourself unless you know what you are doing.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2830 @end deffn
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2831
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2832 @deffn Command negative-argument arg
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2833 This command adds to the numeric argument for the next command. The
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2834 argument @var{arg} is the raw prefix argument as it was before this
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2835 command; its value is negated to form the new prefix argument. Don't
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2836 call this command yourself unless you know what you are doing.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2837 @end deffn
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2838
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2839 @node Recursive Editing
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2840 @section Recursive Editing
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2841 @cindex recursive command loop
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2842 @cindex recursive editing level
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2843 @cindex command loop, recursive
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2844
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2845 The Emacs command loop is entered automatically when Emacs starts up.
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2846 This top-level invocation of the command loop never exits; it keeps
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2847 running as long as Emacs does. Lisp programs can also invoke the
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2848 command loop. Since this makes more than one activation of the command
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2849 loop, we call it @dfn{recursive editing}. A recursive editing level has
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2850 the effect of suspending whatever command invoked it and permitting the
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2851 user to do arbitrary editing before resuming that command.
6260
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parents:
diff changeset
2852
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2853 The commands available during recursive editing are the same ones
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2854 available in the top-level editing loop and defined in the keymaps.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2855 Only a few special commands exit the recursive editing level; the others
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2856 return to the recursive editing level when they finish. (The special
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2857 commands for exiting are always available, but they do nothing when
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2858 recursive editing is not in progress.)
6260
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parents:
diff changeset
2859
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parents:
diff changeset
2860 All command loops, including recursive ones, set up all-purpose error
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2861 handlers so that an error in a command run from the command loop will
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2862 not exit the loop.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2863
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2864 @cindex minibuffer input
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2865 Minibuffer input is a special kind of recursive editing. It has a few
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2866 special wrinkles, such as enabling display of the minibuffer and the
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2867 minibuffer window, but fewer than you might suppose. Certain keys
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2868 behave differently in the minibuffer, but that is only because of the
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2869 minibuffer's local map; if you switch windows, you get the usual Emacs
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2870 commands.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2871
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2872 @cindex @code{throw} example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2873 @kindex exit
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2874 @cindex exit recursive editing
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2875 @cindex aborting
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2876 To invoke a recursive editing level, call the function
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2877 @code{recursive-edit}. This function contains the command loop; it also
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2878 contains a call to @code{catch} with tag @code{exit}, which makes it
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2879 possible to exit the recursive editing level by throwing to @code{exit}
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2880 (@pxref{Catch and Throw}). If you throw a value other than @code{t},
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2881 then @code{recursive-edit} returns normally to the function that called
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2882 it. The command @kbd{C-M-c} (@code{exit-recursive-edit}) does this.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2883 Throwing a @code{t} value causes @code{recursive-edit} to quit, so that
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2884 control returns to the command loop one level up. This is called
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2885 @dfn{aborting}, and is done by @kbd{C-]} (@code{abort-recursive-edit}).
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2886
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2887 Most applications should not use recursive editing, except as part of
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2888 using the minibuffer. Usually it is more convenient for the user if you
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2889 change the major mode of the current buffer temporarily to a special
7735
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
2890 major mode, which should have a command to go back to the previous mode.
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
2891 (The @kbd{e} command in Rmail uses this technique.) Or, if you wish to
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
2892 give the user different text to edit ``recursively'', create and select
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
2893 a new buffer in a special mode. In this mode, define a command to
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
2894 complete the processing and go back to the previous buffer. (The
7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6557
diff changeset
2895 @kbd{m} command in Rmail does this.)
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2896
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2897 Recursive edits are useful in debugging. You can insert a call to
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2898 @code{debug} into a function definition as a sort of breakpoint, so that
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2899 you can look around when the function gets there. @code{debug} invokes
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2900 a recursive edit but also provides the other features of the debugger.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2901
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2902 Recursive editing levels are also used when you type @kbd{C-r} in
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2903 @code{query-replace} or use @kbd{C-x q} (@code{kbd-macro-query}).
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2904
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2905 @defun recursive-edit
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2906 @cindex suspend evaluation
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2907 This function invokes the editor command loop. It is called
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2908 automatically by the initialization of Emacs, to let the user begin
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2909 editing. When called from a Lisp program, it enters a recursive editing
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2910 level.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2911
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2912 In the following example, the function @code{simple-rec} first
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2913 advances point one word, then enters a recursive edit, printing out a
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2914 message in the echo area. The user can then do any editing desired, and
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2915 then type @kbd{C-M-c} to exit and continue executing @code{simple-rec}.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2916
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2917 @example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2918 (defun simple-rec ()
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2919 (forward-word 1)
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2920 (message "Recursive edit in progress")
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2921 (recursive-edit)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2922 (forward-word 1))
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2923 @result{} simple-rec
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2924 (simple-rec)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2925 @result{} nil
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2926 @end example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2927 @end defun
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2928
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2929 @deffn Command exit-recursive-edit
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2930 This function exits from the innermost recursive edit (including
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2931 minibuffer input). Its definition is effectively @code{(throw 'exit
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48731
diff changeset
2932 nil)}.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2933 @end deffn
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2934
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2935 @deffn Command abort-recursive-edit
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2936 This function aborts the command that requested the innermost recursive
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48731
diff changeset
2937 edit (including minibuffer input), by signaling @code{quit}
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2938 after exiting the recursive edit. Its definition is effectively
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2939 @code{(throw 'exit t)}. @xref{Quitting}.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2940 @end deffn
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2941
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2942 @deffn Command top-level
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2943 This function exits all recursive editing levels; it does not return a
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2944 value, as it jumps completely out of any computation directly back to
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2945 the main command loop.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2946 @end deffn
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2947
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2948 @defun recursion-depth
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2949 This function returns the current depth of recursive edits. When no
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2950 recursive edit is active, it returns 0.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2951 @end defun
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2952
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2953 @node Disabling Commands
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2954 @section Disabling Commands
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2955 @cindex disabled command
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2956
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2957 @dfn{Disabling a command} marks the command as requiring user
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2958 confirmation before it can be executed. Disabling is used for commands
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2959 which might be confusing to beginning users, to prevent them from using
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2960 the commands by accident.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2961
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2962 @kindex disabled
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2963 The low-level mechanism for disabling a command is to put a
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2964 non-@code{nil} @code{disabled} property on the Lisp symbol for the
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2965 command. These properties are normally set up by the user's
25875
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
2966 init file (@pxref{Init File}) with Lisp expressions such as this:
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2967
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2968 @example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2969 (put 'upcase-region 'disabled t)
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2970 @end example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2971
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2972 @noindent
25875
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
2973 For a few commands, these properties are present by default (you can
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
2974 remove them in your init file if you wish).
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2975
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2976 If the value of the @code{disabled} property is a string, the message
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2977 saying the command is disabled includes that string. For example:
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2978
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2979 @example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2980 (put 'delete-region 'disabled
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2981 "Text deleted this way cannot be yanked back!\n")
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2982 @end example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2983
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2984 @xref{Disabling,,, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}, for the details on
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2985 what happens when a disabled command is invoked interactively.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2986 Disabling a command has no effect on calling it as a function from Lisp
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2987 programs.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2988
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2989 @deffn Command enable-command command
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
2990 Allow @var{command} (a symbol) to be executed without special
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
2991 confirmation from now on, and alter the user's init file (@pxref{Init
25875
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
2992 File}) so that this will apply to future sessions.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2993 @end deffn
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2994
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2995 @deffn Command disable-command command
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
2996 Require special confirmation to execute @var{command} from now on, and
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
2997 alter the user's init file so that this will apply to future sessions.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2998 @end deffn
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2999
56620
6a8f3c85339d (Key Sequence Input): Remove unnecessary anchor,
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56607
diff changeset
3000 @defvar disabled-command-function
6a8f3c85339d (Key Sequence Input): Remove unnecessary anchor,
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56607
diff changeset
3001 The value of this variable should be a function. When the user
6a8f3c85339d (Key Sequence Input): Remove unnecessary anchor,
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56607
diff changeset
3002 invokes a disabled command interactively, this function is called
6a8f3c85339d (Key Sequence Input): Remove unnecessary anchor,
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56607
diff changeset
3003 instead of the disabled command. It can use @code{this-command-keys}
6a8f3c85339d (Key Sequence Input): Remove unnecessary anchor,
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56607
diff changeset
3004 to determine what the user typed to run the command, and thus find the
6a8f3c85339d (Key Sequence Input): Remove unnecessary anchor,
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56607
diff changeset
3005 command itself.
6a8f3c85339d (Key Sequence Input): Remove unnecessary anchor,
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56607
diff changeset
3006
6a8f3c85339d (Key Sequence Input): Remove unnecessary anchor,
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56607
diff changeset
3007 The value may also be @code{nil}. Then all commands work normally,
6a8f3c85339d (Key Sequence Input): Remove unnecessary anchor,
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56607
diff changeset
3008 even disabled ones.
6a8f3c85339d (Key Sequence Input): Remove unnecessary anchor,
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56607
diff changeset
3009
6a8f3c85339d (Key Sequence Input): Remove unnecessary anchor,
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56607
diff changeset
3010 By default, the value is a function that asks the user whether to
6a8f3c85339d (Key Sequence Input): Remove unnecessary anchor,
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56607
diff changeset
3011 proceed.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3012 @end defvar
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3013
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3014 @node Command History
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3015 @section Command History
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3016 @cindex command history
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3017 @cindex complex command
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3018 @cindex history of commands
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3019
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3020 The command loop keeps a history of the complex commands that have
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3021 been executed, to make it convenient to repeat these commands. A
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3022 @dfn{complex command} is one for which the interactive argument reading
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3023 uses the minibuffer. This includes any @kbd{M-x} command, any
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
3024 @kbd{M-:} command, and any command whose @code{interactive}
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3025 specification reads an argument from the minibuffer. Explicit use of
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3026 the minibuffer during the execution of the command itself does not cause
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3027 the command to be considered complex.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3028
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3029 @defvar command-history
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3030 This variable's value is a list of recent complex commands, each
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3031 represented as a form to evaluate. It continues to accumulate all
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
3032 complex commands for the duration of the editing session, but when it
48731
e156891cd394 Use xref for history list truncation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 45191
diff changeset
3033 reaches the maximum size (@pxref{Minibuffer History}), the oldest
e156891cd394 Use xref for history list truncation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 45191
diff changeset
3034 elements are deleted as new ones are added.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3035
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3036 @example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3037 @group
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3038 command-history
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3039 @result{} ((switch-to-buffer "chistory.texi")
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3040 (describe-key "^X^[")
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3041 (visit-tags-table "~/emacs/src/")
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3042 (find-tag "repeat-complex-command"))
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3043 @end group
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3044 @end example
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3045 @end defvar
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3046
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3047 This history list is actually a special case of minibuffer history
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3048 (@pxref{Minibuffer History}), with one special twist: the elements are
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3049 expressions rather than strings.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3050
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3051 There are a number of commands devoted to the editing and recall of
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3052 previous commands. The commands @code{repeat-complex-command}, and
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3053 @code{list-command-history} are described in the user manual
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3054 (@pxref{Repetition,,, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}). Within the
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
3055 minibuffer, the usual minibuffer history commands are available.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3056
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3057 @node Keyboard Macros
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3058 @section Keyboard Macros
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3059 @cindex keyboard macros
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3060
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3061 A @dfn{keyboard macro} is a canned sequence of input events that can
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
3062 be considered a command and made the definition of a key. The Lisp
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
3063 representation of a keyboard macro is a string or vector containing the
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
3064 events. Don't confuse keyboard macros with Lisp macros
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
3065 (@pxref{Macros}).
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3066
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
3067 @defun execute-kbd-macro kbdmacro &optional count loopfunc
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
3068 This function executes @var{kbdmacro} as a sequence of events. If
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
3069 @var{kbdmacro} is a string or vector, then the events in it are executed
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3070 exactly as if they had been input by the user. The sequence is
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3071 @emph{not} expected to be a single key sequence; normally a keyboard
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3072 macro definition consists of several key sequences concatenated.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3073
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
3074 If @var{kbdmacro} is a symbol, then its function definition is used in
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
3075 place of @var{kbdmacro}. If that is another symbol, this process repeats.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3076 Eventually the result should be a string or vector. If the result is
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3077 not a symbol, string, or vector, an error is signaled.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3078
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
3079 The argument @var{count} is a repeat count; @var{kbdmacro} is executed that
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
3080 many times. If @var{count} is omitted or @code{nil}, @var{kbdmacro} is
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
3081 executed once. If it is 0, @var{kbdmacro} is executed over and over until it
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48731
diff changeset
3082 encounters an error or a failing search.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
3083
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
3084 If @var{loopfunc} is non-@code{nil}, it is a function that is called,
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
3085 without arguments, prior to each iteration of the macro. If
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
3086 @var{loopfunc} returns @code{nil}, then this stops execution of the macro.
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
3087
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
3088 @xref{Reading One Event}, for an example of using @code{execute-kbd-macro}.
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3089 @end defun
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3090
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
3091 @defvar executing-kbd-macro
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3092 This variable contains the string or vector that defines the keyboard
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3093 macro that is currently executing. It is @code{nil} if no macro is
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16736
diff changeset
3094 currently executing. A command can test this variable so as to behave
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
3095 differently when run from an executing macro. Do not set this variable
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3096 yourself.
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3097 @end defvar
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3098
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
3099 @defvar defining-kbd-macro
56607
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
3100 This variable is non-@code{nil} if and only if a keyboard macro is
bb747df032a9 Various changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56243
diff changeset
3101 being defined. A command can test this variable so as to behave
57963
fc5eb4553f2f (Keyboard Macros): Document `append' return value of `defining-kbd-macro'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 57827
diff changeset
3102 differently while a macro is being defined. The value is
fc5eb4553f2f (Keyboard Macros): Document `append' return value of `defining-kbd-macro'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 57827
diff changeset
3103 @code{append} while appending to the definition of an existing macro.
fc5eb4553f2f (Keyboard Macros): Document `append' return value of `defining-kbd-macro'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 57827
diff changeset
3104 The commands @code{start-kbd-macro}, @code{kmacro-start-macro} and
fc5eb4553f2f (Keyboard Macros): Document `append' return value of `defining-kbd-macro'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 57827
diff changeset
3105 @code{end-kbd-macro} set this variable---do not set it yourself.
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10834
diff changeset
3106
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
3107 The variable is always local to the current terminal and cannot be
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10834
diff changeset
3108 buffer-local. @xref{Multiple Displays}.
6557
74758cf67338 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6260
diff changeset
3109 @end defvar
6260
d8bf24309d5e Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3110
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
3111 @defvar last-kbd-macro
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
3112 This variable is the definition of the most recently defined keyboard
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
3113 macro. Its value is a string or vector, or @code{nil}.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
3114
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
3115 The variable is always local to the current terminal and cannot be
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
3116 buffer-local. @xref{Multiple Displays}.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
3117 @end defvar
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
3118
39210
c717c37b1a2c (Using Interactive): Document interactive-form.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38603
diff changeset
3119 @defvar kbd-macro-termination-hook
c717c37b1a2c (Using Interactive): Document interactive-form.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38603
diff changeset
3120 This normal hook (@pxref{Standard Hooks}) is run when a keyboard
c717c37b1a2c (Using Interactive): Document interactive-form.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38603
diff changeset
3121 macro terminates, regardless of what caused it to terminate (reaching
c717c37b1a2c (Using Interactive): Document interactive-form.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38603
diff changeset
3122 the macro end or an error which ended the macro prematurely).
c717c37b1a2c (Using Interactive): Document interactive-form.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38603
diff changeset
3123 @end defvar
52401
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 52185
diff changeset
3124
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 52185
diff changeset
3125 @ignore
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 52185
diff changeset
3126 arch-tag: e34944ad-7d5c-4980-be00-36a5fe54d4b1
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 52185
diff changeset
3127 @end ignore