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annotate man/text.texi @ 69621:3b0e92d2bf0a
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author | Carsten Dominik <dominik@science.uva.nl> |
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date | Tue, 21 Mar 2006 13:36:56 +0000 |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001, |
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3 @c 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
5 @node Text, Programs, Indentation, Top | |
6 @chapter Commands for Human Languages | |
7 @cindex text | |
8 @cindex manipulating text | |
9 | |
10 The term @dfn{text} has two widespread meanings in our area of the | |
11 computer field. One is data that is a sequence of characters. Any file | |
12 that you edit with Emacs is text, in this sense of the word. The other | |
13 meaning is more restrictive: a sequence of characters in a human language | |
14 for humans to read (possibly after processing by a text formatter), as | |
68701 | 15 opposed to a program or binary data. This chapter is concerned with |
16 editing text in the narrower sense. | |
25829 | 17 |
18 Human languages have syntactic/stylistic conventions that can be | |
19 supported or used to advantage by editor commands: conventions involving | |
20 words, sentences, paragraphs, and capital letters. This chapter | |
21 describes Emacs commands for all of these things. There are also | |
22 commands for @dfn{filling}, which means rearranging the lines of a | |
23 paragraph to be approximately equal in length. The commands for moving | |
24 over and killing words, sentences and paragraphs, while intended | |
25 primarily for editing text, are also often useful for editing programs. | |
26 | |
27 Emacs has several major modes for editing human-language text. If the | |
28 file contains text pure and simple, use Text mode, which customizes | |
29 Emacs in small ways for the syntactic conventions of text. Outline mode | |
30 provides special commands for operating on text with an outline | |
31 structure. | |
32 @iftex | |
33 @xref{Outline Mode}. | |
34 @end iftex | |
35 | |
36 For text which contains embedded commands for text formatters, Emacs | |
37 has other major modes, each for a particular text formatter. Thus, for | |
38 input to @TeX{}, you would use @TeX{} | |
39 @iftex | |
40 mode (@pxref{TeX Mode}). | |
41 @end iftex | |
42 @ifinfo | |
43 mode. | |
44 @end ifinfo | |
68701 | 45 For input to groff or nroff, use Nroff mode. |
25829 | 46 |
47 Instead of using a text formatter, you can edit formatted text in | |
48 WYSIWYG style (``what you see is what you get''), with Enriched mode. | |
49 Then the formatting appears on the screen in Emacs while you edit. | |
50 @iftex | |
51 @xref{Formatted Text}. | |
52 @end iftex | |
53 | |
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54 @cindex ASCII art |
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55 If you need to edit pictures made out of text characters (commonly |
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56 referred to as ``ASCII art''), use @kbd{M-x edit-picture} to enter |
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57 Picture mode, a special major mode for editing such pictures. |
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58 @inforef{Picture Mode,, emacs-xtra}. |
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59 |
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60 @cindex skeletons |
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61 @cindex templates |
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62 @cindex autotyping |
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63 @cindex automatic typing |
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64 The ``automatic typing'' features may be useful when writing text. |
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65 @inforef{Top,, autotype}. |
27207 | 66 |
25829 | 67 @menu |
68 * Words:: Moving over and killing words. | |
69 * Sentences:: Moving over and killing sentences. | |
70 * Paragraphs:: Moving over paragraphs. | |
71 * Pages:: Moving over pages. | |
72 * Filling:: Filling or justifying text. | |
73 * Case:: Changing the case of text. | |
74 * Text Mode:: The major modes for editing text files. | |
75 * Outline Mode:: Editing outlines. | |
76 * TeX Mode:: Editing input to the formatter TeX. | |
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77 * HTML Mode:: Editing HTML, SGML, and XML files. |
25829 | 78 * Nroff Mode:: Editing input to the formatter nroff. |
79 * Formatted Text:: Editing formatted text directly in WYSIWYG fashion. | |
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80 * Text Based Tables:: Editing text-based tables in WYSIWYG fashion. |
25829 | 81 @end menu |
82 | |
83 @node Words | |
84 @section Words | |
85 @cindex words | |
86 @cindex Meta commands and words | |
87 | |
88 Emacs has commands for moving over or operating on words. By convention, | |
89 the keys for them are all Meta characters. | |
90 | |
91 @table @kbd | |
92 @item M-f | |
93 Move forward over a word (@code{forward-word}). | |
94 @item M-b | |
95 Move backward over a word (@code{backward-word}). | |
96 @item M-d | |
97 Kill up to the end of a word (@code{kill-word}). | |
98 @item M-@key{DEL} | |
99 Kill back to the beginning of a word (@code{backward-kill-word}). | |
100 @item M-@@ | |
101 Mark the end of the next word (@code{mark-word}). | |
102 @item M-t | |
103 Transpose two words or drag a word across other words | |
104 (@code{transpose-words}). | |
105 @end table | |
106 | |
107 Notice how these keys form a series that parallels the character-based | |
108 @kbd{C-f}, @kbd{C-b}, @kbd{C-d}, @key{DEL} and @kbd{C-t}. @kbd{M-@@} is | |
109 cognate to @kbd{C-@@}, which is an alias for @kbd{C-@key{SPC}}. | |
110 | |
111 @kindex M-f | |
112 @kindex M-b | |
113 @findex forward-word | |
114 @findex backward-word | |
115 The commands @kbd{M-f} (@code{forward-word}) and @kbd{M-b} | |
116 (@code{backward-word}) move forward and backward over words. These | |
117 Meta characters are thus analogous to the corresponding control | |
118 characters, @kbd{C-f} and @kbd{C-b}, which move over single characters | |
119 in the text. The analogy extends to numeric arguments, which serve as | |
120 repeat counts. @kbd{M-f} with a negative argument moves backward, and | |
121 @kbd{M-b} with a negative argument moves forward. Forward motion | |
122 stops right after the last letter of the word, while backward motion | |
68701 | 123 stops right before the first letter. |
25829 | 124 |
125 @kindex M-d | |
126 @findex kill-word | |
127 @kbd{M-d} (@code{kill-word}) kills the word after point. To be | |
128 precise, it kills everything from point to the place @kbd{M-f} would | |
129 move to. Thus, if point is in the middle of a word, @kbd{M-d} kills | |
130 just the part after point. If some punctuation comes between point and the | |
131 next word, it is killed along with the word. (If you wish to kill only the | |
132 next word but not the punctuation before it, simply do @kbd{M-f} to get | |
133 the end, and kill the word backwards with @kbd{M-@key{DEL}}.) | |
134 @kbd{M-d} takes arguments just like @kbd{M-f}. | |
135 | |
136 @findex backward-kill-word | |
137 @kindex M-DEL | |
138 @kbd{M-@key{DEL}} (@code{backward-kill-word}) kills the word before | |
139 point. It kills everything from point back to where @kbd{M-b} would | |
68701 | 140 move to. For instance, if point is after the space in @w{@samp{FOO, |
141 BAR}}, it kills @w{@samp{FOO, }}. If you wish to kill just | |
142 @samp{FOO}, and not the comma and the space, use @kbd{M-b M-d} instead | |
143 of @kbd{M-@key{DEL}}. | |
25829 | 144 |
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145 @c Don't index M-t and transpose-words here, they are indexed in |
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146 @c fixit.texi, in the node "Transpose". |
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147 @c @kindex M-t |
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148 @c @findex transpose-words |
25829 | 149 @kbd{M-t} (@code{transpose-words}) exchanges the word before or |
150 containing point with the following word. The delimiter characters between | |
151 the words do not move. For example, @w{@samp{FOO, BAR}} transposes into | |
152 @w{@samp{BAR, FOO}} rather than @samp{@w{BAR FOO,}}. @xref{Transpose}, for | |
153 more on transposition and on arguments to transposition commands. | |
154 | |
155 @kindex M-@@ | |
156 @findex mark-word | |
157 To operate on the next @var{n} words with an operation which applies | |
158 between point and mark, you can either set the mark at point and then move | |
159 over the words, or you can use the command @kbd{M-@@} (@code{mark-word}) | |
160 which does not move point, but sets the mark where @kbd{M-f} would move | |
161 to. @kbd{M-@@} accepts a numeric argument that says how many words to | |
162 scan for the place to put the mark. In Transient Mark mode, this command | |
163 activates the mark. | |
164 | |
68701 | 165 The word commands' understanding of word boundaries is controlled |
166 by the syntax table. Any character can, for example, be declared to | |
167 be a word delimiter. @xref{Syntax}. | |
25829 | 168 |
169 @node Sentences | |
170 @section Sentences | |
171 @cindex sentences | |
172 @cindex manipulating sentences | |
173 | |
174 The Emacs commands for manipulating sentences and paragraphs are mostly | |
175 on Meta keys, so as to be like the word-handling commands. | |
176 | |
177 @table @kbd | |
178 @item M-a | |
179 Move back to the beginning of the sentence (@code{backward-sentence}). | |
180 @item M-e | |
181 Move forward to the end of the sentence (@code{forward-sentence}). | |
182 @item M-k | |
183 Kill forward to the end of the sentence (@code{kill-sentence}). | |
184 @item C-x @key{DEL} | |
185 Kill back to the beginning of the sentence (@code{backward-kill-sentence}). | |
186 @end table | |
187 | |
188 @kindex M-a | |
189 @kindex M-e | |
190 @findex backward-sentence | |
191 @findex forward-sentence | |
192 The commands @kbd{M-a} and @kbd{M-e} (@code{backward-sentence} and | |
193 @code{forward-sentence}) move to the beginning and end of the current | |
194 sentence, respectively. They were chosen to resemble @kbd{C-a} and | |
59889 | 195 @kbd{C-e}, which move to the beginning and end of a line. Unlike |
196 them, @kbd{M-a} and @kbd{M-e} move over successive sentences if | |
197 repeated. | |
25829 | 198 |
199 Moving backward over a sentence places point just before the first | |
200 character of the sentence; moving forward places point right after the | |
201 punctuation that ends the sentence. Neither one moves over the | |
202 whitespace at the sentence boundary. | |
203 | |
204 @kindex M-k | |
205 @kindex C-x DEL | |
206 @findex kill-sentence | |
207 @findex backward-kill-sentence | |
208 Just as @kbd{C-a} and @kbd{C-e} have a kill command, @kbd{C-k}, to go | |
209 with them, so @kbd{M-a} and @kbd{M-e} have a corresponding kill command | |
210 @kbd{M-k} (@code{kill-sentence}) which kills from point to the end of | |
211 the sentence. With minus one as an argument it kills back to the | |
212 beginning of the sentence. Larger arguments serve as a repeat count. | |
213 There is also a command, @kbd{C-x @key{DEL}} | |
214 (@code{backward-kill-sentence}), for killing back to the beginning of a | |
215 sentence. This command is useful when you change your mind in the | |
68701 | 216 middle of composing text. |
25829 | 217 |
218 The sentence commands assume that you follow the American typist's | |
219 convention of putting two spaces at the end of a sentence; they consider | |
220 a sentence to end wherever there is a @samp{.}, @samp{?} or @samp{!} | |
221 followed by the end of a line or two spaces, with any number of | |
222 @samp{)}, @samp{]}, @samp{'}, or @samp{"} characters allowed in between. | |
223 A sentence also begins or ends wherever a paragraph begins or ends. | |
68701 | 224 It is useful to follow this convention, because it makes a distinction |
225 between periods that end a sentence and periods that indicate | |
226 abbreviations; that enables the Emacs sentence commands to distinguish, | |
227 too. These commands to not stop for periods that indicate abbreviations. | |
228 | |
229 @vindex sentence-end-double-space | |
230 If you want to use just one space between sentences, you can set the | |
231 variable @code{sentence-end-double-space} to @code{nil} to make the | |
232 sentence commands stop for single spaces. However, this mode has a | |
233 drawback: there is no way to distinguish between periods that end | |
234 sentences and those that indicate abbreviations. For convenient and | |
235 reliable editing, we therefore recommend you follow the two-space | |
236 convention. The variable @code{sentence-end-double-space} also | |
237 affects filling (@pxref{Fill Commands}) in related ways. | |
25829 | 238 |
239 @vindex sentence-end | |
68701 | 240 The variable @code{sentence-end} controls how to recognize the end |
241 of a sentence. If non-@code{nil}, it is a regexp that matches the | |
242 last few characters of a sentence, together with the whitespace | |
243 following the sentence. If the value is @code{nil}, the default, then | |
244 Emacs computes the regexp according to various criteria such as the | |
245 value of @code{sentence-end-double-space}. @xref{Regexp Example}, for | |
246 a detailed explanation of one of the regular expressions Emacs uses | |
247 for this purpose. | |
248 | |
249 @vindex sentence-end-without-period | |
250 Some languages do not use period to indicate end of sentence. For | |
251 example, a sentence in Thai text ends with double space but without a | |
252 period. Set the variable @code{sentence-end-without-period} to | |
253 @code{t} to tell the sentence commands that a period is not necessary. | |
25829 | 254 |
255 @node Paragraphs | |
256 @section Paragraphs | |
257 @cindex paragraphs | |
258 @cindex manipulating paragraphs | |
259 @kindex M-@{ | |
260 @kindex M-@} | |
261 @findex backward-paragraph | |
262 @findex forward-paragraph | |
263 | |
264 The Emacs commands for manipulating paragraphs are also Meta keys. | |
265 | |
266 @table @kbd | |
267 @item M-@{ | |
268 Move back to previous paragraph beginning (@code{backward-paragraph}). | |
269 @item M-@} | |
270 Move forward to next paragraph end (@code{forward-paragraph}). | |
271 @item M-h | |
272 Put point and mark around this or next paragraph (@code{mark-paragraph}). | |
273 @end table | |
274 | |
275 @kbd{M-@{} moves to the beginning of the current or previous | |
276 paragraph, while @kbd{M-@}} moves to the end of the current or next | |
277 paragraph. Blank lines and text-formatter command lines separate | |
68701 | 278 paragraphs and are not considered part of any paragraph. If there is |
279 a blank line before the paragraph, @kbd{M-@{} moves to the blank line, | |
280 because that is convenient in practice. | |
281 | |
282 In Text mode, an indented line is not a paragraph break. If you | |
283 want indented lines to have this effect, use Paragraph-Indent Text | |
284 mode instead. @xref{Text Mode}. | |
25829 | 285 |
286 In major modes for programs, paragraphs begin and end only at blank | |
68701 | 287 lines. This makes the paragraph commands useful, even though there |
288 are no paragraphs as such in a program. | |
289 | |
290 When you have set a fill prefix, then paragraphs are delimited by | |
291 all lines which don't start with the fill prefix. @xref{Filling}. | |
25829 | 292 |
293 @kindex M-h | |
294 @findex mark-paragraph | |
295 When you wish to operate on a paragraph, you can use the command | |
296 @kbd{M-h} (@code{mark-paragraph}) to set the region around it. Thus, | |
297 for example, @kbd{M-h C-w} kills the paragraph around or after point. | |
298 The @kbd{M-h} command puts point at the beginning and mark at the end of | |
299 the paragraph point was in. In Transient Mark mode, it activates the | |
300 mark. If point is between paragraphs (in a run of blank lines, or at a | |
301 boundary), the paragraph following point is surrounded by point and | |
302 mark. If there are blank lines preceding the first line of the | |
303 paragraph, one of these blank lines is included in the region. | |
304 | |
305 @vindex paragraph-start | |
306 @vindex paragraph-separate | |
307 The precise definition of a paragraph boundary is controlled by the | |
308 variables @code{paragraph-separate} and @code{paragraph-start}. The | |
309 value of @code{paragraph-start} is a regexp that should match any line | |
310 that either starts or separates paragraphs. The value of | |
311 @code{paragraph-separate} is another regexp that should match only lines | |
312 that separate paragraphs without being part of any paragraph (for | |
313 example, blank lines). Lines that start a new paragraph and are | |
314 contained in it must match only @code{paragraph-start}, not | |
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315 @code{paragraph-separate}. Each regular expression must match at the |
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316 left margin. For example, in Fundamental mode, @code{paragraph-start} |
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317 is @w{@code{"\f\\|[ \t]*$"}}, and @code{paragraph-separate} is |
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318 @w{@code{"[ \t\f]*$"}}. |
25829 | 319 |
320 Normally it is desirable for page boundaries to separate paragraphs. | |
321 The default values of these variables recognize the usual separator for | |
322 pages. | |
323 | |
324 @node Pages | |
325 @section Pages | |
326 | |
327 @cindex pages | |
328 @cindex formfeed | |
329 Files are often thought of as divided into @dfn{pages} by the | |
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330 @dfn{formfeed} character (@acronym{ASCII} control-L, octal code 014). |
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331 When you print hardcopy for a file, this character forces a page break; |
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332 thus, each page of the file goes on a separate page on paper. Most Emacs |
25829 | 333 commands treat the page-separator character just like any other |
334 character: you can insert it with @kbd{C-q C-l}, and delete it with | |
335 @key{DEL}. Thus, you are free to paginate your file or not. However, | |
336 since pages are often meaningful divisions of the file, Emacs provides | |
337 commands to move over them and operate on them. | |
338 | |
339 @table @kbd | |
340 @item C-x [ | |
341 Move point to previous page boundary (@code{backward-page}). | |
342 @item C-x ] | |
343 Move point to next page boundary (@code{forward-page}). | |
344 @item C-x C-p | |
345 Put point and mark around this page (or another page) (@code{mark-page}). | |
346 @item C-x l | |
347 Count the lines in this page (@code{count-lines-page}). | |
348 @end table | |
349 | |
350 @kindex C-x [ | |
351 @kindex C-x ] | |
352 @findex forward-page | |
353 @findex backward-page | |
354 The @kbd{C-x [} (@code{backward-page}) command moves point to immediately | |
355 after the previous page delimiter. If point is already right after a page | |
356 delimiter, it skips that one and stops at the previous one. A numeric | |
357 argument serves as a repeat count. The @kbd{C-x ]} (@code{forward-page}) | |
358 command moves forward past the next page delimiter. | |
359 | |
360 @kindex C-x C-p | |
361 @findex mark-page | |
362 The @kbd{C-x C-p} command (@code{mark-page}) puts point at the | |
363 beginning of the current page and the mark at the end. The page | |
364 delimiter at the end is included (the mark follows it). The page | |
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365 delimiter at the front is excluded (point follows it). In Transient |
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366 Mark mode, this command activates the mark. |
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367 |
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368 @kbd{C-x C-p C-w} is a handy way to kill a page to move it |
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369 elsewhere. If you move to another page delimiter with @kbd{C-x [} and |
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370 @kbd{C-x ]}, then yank the killed page, all the pages will be properly |
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371 delimited once again. The reason @kbd{C-x C-p} includes only the |
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372 following page delimiter in the region is to ensure that. |
25829 | 373 |
374 A numeric argument to @kbd{C-x C-p} is used to specify which page to go | |
375 to, relative to the current one. Zero means the current page. One means | |
376 the next page, and @minus{}1 means the previous one. | |
377 | |
378 @kindex C-x l | |
379 @findex count-lines-page | |
380 The @kbd{C-x l} command (@code{count-lines-page}) is good for deciding | |
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381 where to break a page in two. It displays in the echo area the total number |
25829 | 382 of lines in the current page, and then divides it up into those preceding |
383 the current line and those following, as in | |
384 | |
385 @example | |
386 Page has 96 (72+25) lines | |
387 @end example | |
388 | |
389 @noindent | |
390 Notice that the sum is off by one; this is correct if point is not at the | |
391 beginning of a line. | |
392 | |
393 @vindex page-delimiter | |
394 The variable @code{page-delimiter} controls where pages begin. Its | |
395 value is a regexp that matches the beginning of a line that separates | |
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396 pages. The normal value of this variable is @code{"^\f"}, which |
25829 | 397 matches a formfeed character at the beginning of a line. |
398 | |
399 @node Filling | |
400 @section Filling Text | |
401 @cindex filling text | |
402 | |
403 @dfn{Filling} text means breaking it up into lines that fit a | |
404 specified width. Emacs does filling in two ways. In Auto Fill mode, | |
405 inserting text with self-inserting characters also automatically fills | |
406 it. There are also explicit fill commands that you can use when editing | |
407 text leaves it unfilled. When you edit formatted text, you can specify | |
408 a style of filling for each portion of the text (@pxref{Formatted | |
409 Text}). | |
410 | |
411 @menu | |
412 * Auto Fill:: Auto Fill mode breaks long lines automatically. | |
413 * Fill Commands:: Commands to refill paragraphs and center lines. | |
414 * Fill Prefix:: Filling paragraphs that are indented | |
415 or in a comment, etc. | |
416 * Adaptive Fill:: How Emacs can determine the fill prefix automatically. | |
68701 | 417 * Refill:: Keeping paragraphs filled. |
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418 * Longlines:: Editing text with very long lines. |
25829 | 419 @end menu |
420 | |
421 @node Auto Fill | |
422 @subsection Auto Fill Mode | |
423 @cindex Auto Fill mode | |
424 @cindex mode, Auto Fill | |
425 | |
426 @dfn{Auto Fill} mode is a minor mode in which lines are broken | |
427 automatically when they become too wide. Breaking happens only when | |
428 you type a @key{SPC} or @key{RET}. | |
429 | |
430 @table @kbd | |
431 @item M-x auto-fill-mode | |
432 Enable or disable Auto Fill mode. | |
433 @item @key{SPC} | |
434 @itemx @key{RET} | |
435 In Auto Fill mode, break lines when appropriate. | |
436 @end table | |
437 | |
438 @findex auto-fill-mode | |
439 @kbd{M-x auto-fill-mode} turns Auto Fill mode on if it was off, or off | |
440 if it was on. With a positive numeric argument it always turns Auto | |
441 Fill mode on, and with a negative argument always turns it off. You can | |
442 see when Auto Fill mode is in effect by the presence of the word | |
443 @samp{Fill} in the mode line, inside the parentheses. Auto Fill mode is | |
444 a minor mode which is enabled or disabled for each buffer individually. | |
445 @xref{Minor Modes}. | |
446 | |
447 In Auto Fill mode, lines are broken automatically at spaces when they | |
448 get longer than the desired width. Line breaking and rearrangement | |
449 takes place only when you type @key{SPC} or @key{RET}. If you wish to | |
450 insert a space or newline without permitting line-breaking, type | |
451 @kbd{C-q @key{SPC}} or @kbd{C-q C-j} (recall that a newline is really a | |
452 control-J). Also, @kbd{C-o} inserts a newline without line breaking. | |
453 | |
454 Auto Fill mode works well with programming-language modes, because it | |
455 indents new lines with @key{TAB}. If a line ending in a comment gets | |
456 too long, the text of the comment is split into two comment lines. | |
457 Optionally, new comment delimiters are inserted at the end of the first | |
458 line and the beginning of the second so that each line is a separate | |
459 comment; the variable @code{comment-multi-line} controls the choice | |
460 (@pxref{Comments}). | |
461 | |
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462 Adaptive filling (@pxref{Adaptive Fill}) works for Auto Filling as |
25829 | 463 well as for explicit fill commands. It takes a fill prefix |
464 automatically from the second or first line of a paragraph. | |
465 | |
466 Auto Fill mode does not refill entire paragraphs; it can break lines but | |
467 cannot merge lines. So editing in the middle of a paragraph can result in | |
468 a paragraph that is not correctly filled. The easiest way to make the | |
469 paragraph properly filled again is usually with the explicit fill commands. | |
470 @ifinfo | |
471 @xref{Fill Commands}. | |
472 @end ifinfo | |
473 | |
474 Many users like Auto Fill mode and want to use it in all text files. | |
475 The section on init files says how to arrange this permanently for yourself. | |
476 @xref{Init File}. | |
477 | |
478 @node Fill Commands | |
479 @subsection Explicit Fill Commands | |
480 | |
481 @table @kbd | |
482 @item M-q | |
483 Fill current paragraph (@code{fill-paragraph}). | |
484 @item C-x f | |
485 Set the fill column (@code{set-fill-column}). | |
486 @item M-x fill-region | |
487 Fill each paragraph in the region (@code{fill-region}). | |
488 @item M-x fill-region-as-paragraph | |
489 Fill the region, considering it as one paragraph. | |
490 @item M-s | |
491 Center a line. | |
492 @end table | |
493 | |
494 @kindex M-q | |
495 @findex fill-paragraph | |
496 To refill a paragraph, use the command @kbd{M-q} | |
497 (@code{fill-paragraph}). This operates on the paragraph that point is | |
498 inside, or the one after point if point is between paragraphs. | |
499 Refilling works by removing all the line-breaks, then inserting new ones | |
500 where necessary. | |
501 | |
502 @findex fill-region | |
503 To refill many paragraphs, use @kbd{M-x fill-region}, which | |
68701 | 504 finds the paragraphs in the region and fills each of them. |
25829 | 505 |
506 @findex fill-region-as-paragraph | |
507 @kbd{M-q} and @code{fill-region} use the same criteria as @kbd{M-h} | |
508 for finding paragraph boundaries (@pxref{Paragraphs}). For more | |
509 control, you can use @kbd{M-x fill-region-as-paragraph}, which refills | |
68701 | 510 everything between point and mark as a single paragraph. This command |
511 deletes any blank lines within the region, so separate blocks of text | |
512 end up combined into one block. | |
25829 | 513 |
514 @cindex justification | |
68701 | 515 A numeric argument to @kbd{M-q} tells it to @dfn{justify} the text |
516 as well as filling it. This means that extra spaces are inserted to | |
517 make the right margin line up exactly at the fill column. To remove | |
518 the extra spaces, use @kbd{M-q} with no argument. (Likewise for | |
25829 | 519 @code{fill-region}.) Another way to control justification, and choose |
68701 | 520 other styles of filling, is with the @code{justification} text |
521 property; see @ref{Format Justification}. | |
25829 | 522 |
523 @kindex M-s @r{(Text mode)} | |
524 @cindex centering | |
525 @findex center-line | |
526 The command @kbd{M-s} (@code{center-line}) centers the current line | |
527 within the current fill column. With an argument @var{n}, it centers | |
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528 @var{n} lines individually and moves past them. This binding is |
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529 made by Text mode and is available only in that and related modes |
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530 (@pxref{Text Mode}). |
25829 | 531 |
532 @vindex fill-column | |
533 @kindex C-x f | |
534 @findex set-fill-column | |
535 The maximum line width for filling is in the variable | |
536 @code{fill-column}. Altering the value of @code{fill-column} makes it | |
537 local to the current buffer; until that time, the default value is in | |
538 effect. The default is initially 70. @xref{Locals}. The easiest way | |
539 to set @code{fill-column} is to use the command @kbd{C-x f} | |
540 (@code{set-fill-column}). With a numeric argument, it uses that as the | |
541 new fill column. With just @kbd{C-u} as argument, it sets | |
542 @code{fill-column} to the current horizontal position of point. | |
543 | |
544 Emacs commands normally consider a period followed by two spaces or by | |
545 a newline as the end of a sentence; a period followed by just one space | |
546 indicates an abbreviation and not the end of a sentence. To preserve | |
547 the distinction between these two ways of using a period, the fill | |
548 commands do not break a line after a period followed by just one space. | |
549 | |
550 If the variable @code{sentence-end-double-space} is @code{nil}, the | |
551 fill commands expect and leave just one space at the end of a sentence. | |
552 Ordinarily this variable is @code{t}, so the fill commands insist on | |
553 two spaces for the end of a sentence, as explained above. @xref{Sentences}. | |
554 | |
555 @vindex colon-double-space | |
556 If the variable @code{colon-double-space} is non-@code{nil}, the | |
557 fill commands put two spaces after a colon. | |
558 | |
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559 @vindex fill-nobreak-predicate |
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560 The variable @code{fill-nobreak-predicate} specifies additional |
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561 conditions for where line-breaking is allowed. Its value is either |
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562 @code{nil} or a Lisp function; the function is called with no |
68701 | 563 arguments, with point at a place where Emacs is considering breaking |
564 the line. If the function returns a non-@code{nil} value, then that's | |
565 a bad place to break the line. Two standard functions you can use are | |
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566 @code{fill-single-word-nobreak-p} (don't break after the first word of |
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567 a sentence or before the last) and @code{fill-french-nobreak-p} (don't |
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568 break after @samp{(} or before @samp{)}, @samp{:} or @samp{?}). |
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569 |
25829 | 570 @node Fill Prefix |
571 @subsection The Fill Prefix | |
572 | |
573 @cindex fill prefix | |
574 To fill a paragraph in which each line starts with a special marker | |
575 (which might be a few spaces, giving an indented paragraph), you can use | |
576 the @dfn{fill prefix} feature. The fill prefix is a string that Emacs | |
577 expects every line to start with, and which is not included in filling. | |
578 You can specify a fill prefix explicitly; Emacs can also deduce the | |
579 fill prefix automatically (@pxref{Adaptive Fill}). | |
580 | |
581 @table @kbd | |
582 @item C-x . | |
583 Set the fill prefix (@code{set-fill-prefix}). | |
584 @item M-q | |
585 Fill a paragraph using current fill prefix (@code{fill-paragraph}). | |
586 @item M-x fill-individual-paragraphs | |
587 Fill the region, considering each change of indentation as starting a | |
588 new paragraph. | |
589 @item M-x fill-nonuniform-paragraphs | |
590 Fill the region, considering only paragraph-separator lines as starting | |
591 a new paragraph. | |
592 @end table | |
593 | |
594 @kindex C-x . | |
595 @findex set-fill-prefix | |
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596 To specify a fill prefix for the current buffer, move to a line that |
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597 starts with the desired prefix, put point at the end of the prefix, |
68701 | 598 and type @w{@kbd{C-x .}}@: (@code{set-fill-prefix}). (That's a period |
599 after the @kbd{C-x}.) To turn off the fill prefix, specify an empty | |
600 prefix: type @w{@kbd{C-x .}}@: with point at the beginning of a line. | |
25829 | 601 |
602 When a fill prefix is in effect, the fill commands remove the fill | |
68701 | 603 prefix from each line of the paragraph before filling and insert it on |
604 each line after filling. (The beginning of the first line of the | |
605 paragraph is left unchanged, since often that is intentionally | |
606 different.) Auto Fill mode also inserts the fill prefix automatically | |
607 when it makes a new line. The @kbd{C-o} command inserts the fill | |
608 prefix on new lines it creates, when you use it at the beginning of a | |
609 line (@pxref{Blank Lines}). Conversely, the command @kbd{M-^} deletes | |
610 the prefix (if it occurs) after the newline that it deletes | |
611 (@pxref{Indentation}). | |
25829 | 612 |
613 For example, if @code{fill-column} is 40 and you set the fill prefix | |
614 to @samp{;; }, then @kbd{M-q} in the following text | |
615 | |
616 @example | |
617 ;; This is an | |
618 ;; example of a paragraph | |
619 ;; inside a Lisp-style comment. | |
620 @end example | |
621 | |
622 @noindent | |
623 produces this: | |
624 | |
625 @example | |
626 ;; This is an example of a paragraph | |
627 ;; inside a Lisp-style comment. | |
628 @end example | |
629 | |
630 Lines that do not start with the fill prefix are considered to start | |
631 paragraphs, both in @kbd{M-q} and the paragraph commands; this gives | |
632 good results for paragraphs with hanging indentation (every line | |
633 indented except the first one). Lines which are blank or indented once | |
634 the prefix is removed also separate or start paragraphs; this is what | |
635 you want if you are writing multi-paragraph comments with a comment | |
636 delimiter on each line. | |
637 | |
638 @findex fill-individual-paragraphs | |
639 You can use @kbd{M-x fill-individual-paragraphs} to set the fill | |
640 prefix for each paragraph automatically. This command divides the | |
641 region into paragraphs, treating every change in the amount of | |
642 indentation as the start of a new paragraph, and fills each of these | |
643 paragraphs. Thus, all the lines in one ``paragraph'' have the same | |
644 amount of indentation. That indentation serves as the fill prefix for | |
645 that paragraph. | |
646 | |
647 @findex fill-nonuniform-paragraphs | |
648 @kbd{M-x fill-nonuniform-paragraphs} is a similar command that divides | |
649 the region into paragraphs in a different way. It considers only | |
650 paragraph-separating lines (as defined by @code{paragraph-separate}) as | |
651 starting a new paragraph. Since this means that the lines of one | |
652 paragraph may have different amounts of indentation, the fill prefix | |
653 used is the smallest amount of indentation of any of the lines of the | |
654 paragraph. This gives good results with styles that indent a paragraph's | |
655 first line more or less that the rest of the paragraph. | |
656 | |
657 @vindex fill-prefix | |
658 The fill prefix is stored in the variable @code{fill-prefix}. Its value | |
659 is a string, or @code{nil} when there is no fill prefix. This is a | |
660 per-buffer variable; altering the variable affects only the current buffer, | |
661 but there is a default value which you can change as well. @xref{Locals}. | |
662 | |
663 The @code{indentation} text property provides another way to control | |
664 the amount of indentation paragraphs receive. @xref{Format Indentation}. | |
665 | |
666 @node Adaptive Fill | |
667 @subsection Adaptive Filling | |
668 | |
669 @cindex adaptive filling | |
670 The fill commands can deduce the proper fill prefix for a paragraph | |
671 automatically in certain cases: either whitespace or certain punctuation | |
672 characters at the beginning of a line are propagated to all lines of the | |
673 paragraph. | |
674 | |
675 If the paragraph has two or more lines, the fill prefix is taken from | |
676 the paragraph's second line, but only if it appears on the first line as | |
677 well. | |
678 | |
679 If a paragraph has just one line, fill commands @emph{may} take a | |
680 prefix from that line. The decision is complicated because there are | |
681 three reasonable things to do in such a case: | |
682 | |
683 @itemize @bullet | |
684 @item | |
685 Use the first line's prefix on all the lines of the paragraph. | |
686 | |
687 @item | |
688 Indent subsequent lines with whitespace, so that they line up under the | |
689 text that follows the prefix on the first line, but don't actually copy | |
690 the prefix from the first line. | |
691 | |
692 @item | |
693 Don't do anything special with the second and following lines. | |
694 @end itemize | |
695 | |
696 All three of these styles of formatting are commonly used. So the | |
697 fill commands try to determine what you would like, based on the prefix | |
698 that appears and on the major mode. Here is how. | |
699 | |
700 @vindex adaptive-fill-first-line-regexp | |
701 If the prefix found on the first line matches | |
702 @code{adaptive-fill-first-line-regexp}, or if it appears to be a | |
703 comment-starting sequence (this depends on the major mode), then the | |
704 prefix found is used for filling the paragraph, provided it would not | |
705 act as a paragraph starter on subsequent lines. | |
706 | |
707 Otherwise, the prefix found is converted to an equivalent number of | |
708 spaces, and those spaces are used as the fill prefix for the rest of the | |
709 lines, provided they would not act as a paragraph starter on subsequent | |
710 lines. | |
711 | |
712 In Text mode, and other modes where only blank lines and page | |
713 delimiters separate paragraphs, the prefix chosen by adaptive filling | |
714 never acts as a paragraph starter, so it can always be used for filling. | |
715 | |
716 @vindex adaptive-fill-mode | |
717 @vindex adaptive-fill-regexp | |
718 The variable @code{adaptive-fill-regexp} determines what kinds of line | |
719 beginnings can serve as a fill prefix: any characters at the start of | |
720 the line that match this regular expression are used. If you set the | |
721 variable @code{adaptive-fill-mode} to @code{nil}, the fill prefix is | |
722 never chosen automatically. | |
723 | |
724 @vindex adaptive-fill-function | |
725 You can specify more complex ways of choosing a fill prefix | |
726 automatically by setting the variable @code{adaptive-fill-function} to a | |
727 function. This function is called with point after the left margin of a | |
728 line, and it should return the appropriate fill prefix based on that | |
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730 a chance to find a prefix. |
25829 | 731 |
68701 | 732 @node Refill |
733 @subsection Refill Mode | |
734 @cindex refilling text, word processor style | |
735 @cindex modes, Refill | |
736 @cindex Refill minor mode | |
737 | |
738 Refill minor mode provides support for keeping paragraphs filled as | |
739 you type or modify them in other ways. It provides an effect similar | |
740 to typical word processor behavior. This works by running a | |
741 paragraph-filling command at suitable times. | |
742 | |
743 To toggle the use of Refill mode in the current buffer, type | |
744 @kbd{M-x refill-mode}. When you are typing text, only characters | |
745 which normally trigger auto filling, like the space character, will | |
746 trigger refilling. This is to avoid making it too slow. Apart from | |
747 self-inserting characters, other commands which modify the text cause | |
748 refilling. | |
749 | |
750 The current implementation is preliminary and not robust. You can | |
751 get better ``line wrapping'' behavior using Longlines mode. | |
752 @xref{Longlines}. However, Longlines mode has an important | |
753 side-effect: the newlines that it inserts for you are not saved to | |
754 disk, so the files that you make with Longlines mode will appear to be | |
755 completely unfilled if you edit them without Longlines mode. | |
756 | |
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757 @node Longlines |
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758 @subsection Long Lines Mode |
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759 @cindex refilling text, word processor style |
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760 @cindex modes, Long Lines |
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761 @cindex word wrap |
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762 @cindex Long Lines minor mode |
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763 |
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764 Long Lines mode is a minor mode for @dfn{word wrapping}; it lets you |
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765 edit ``unfilled'' text files, which Emacs would normally display as a |
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766 bunch of extremely long lines. Many text editors, such as those built |
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767 into many web browsers, normally do word wrapping. |
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768 |
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769 @findex longlines-mode |
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770 To enable Long Lines mode, type @kbd{M-x longlines-mode}. If the |
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771 text is full of long lines, this will ``wrap'' them |
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772 immediately---i.e., break up to fit in the window. As you edit the |
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773 text, Long Lines mode automatically re-wraps lines by inserting or |
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774 deleting @dfn{soft newlines} as necessary (@pxref{Hard and Soft |
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775 Newlines}.) These soft newlines won't show up when you save the |
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776 buffer into a file, or when you copy the text into the kill ring, |
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777 clipboard, or a register. |
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778 |
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779 @findex longlines-auto-wrap |
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780 Word wrapping is @emph{not} the same as ordinary filling |
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781 (@pxref{Fill Commands}). It does not contract multiple spaces into a |
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782 single space, recognize fill prefixes (@pxref{Fill Prefix}), or |
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783 perform adaptive filling (@pxref{Adaptive Fill}). The reason for this |
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784 is that a wrapped line is still, conceptually, a single line. Each |
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785 soft newline is equivalent to exactly one space in that long line, and |
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786 vice versa. However, you can still call filling functions such as |
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787 @kbd{M-q}, and these will work as expected, inserting soft newlines |
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788 that won't show up on disk or when the text is copied. You can even |
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789 rely entirely on the normal fill commands by turning off automatic |
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790 line wrapping, with @kbd{C-u M-x longlines-auto-wrap}. To turn |
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791 automatic line wrapping back on, type @kbd{M-x longlines-auto-wrap}. |
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792 |
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793 @findex longlines-show-hard-newlines |
68701 | 794 Type @kbd{RET} to insert a hard newline, one which automatic |
795 refilling will not remove. If you want to see where all the hard | |
796 newlines are, type @kbd{M-x longlines-show-hard-newlines}. This will | |
797 mark each hard newline with a special symbol. The same command with a | |
798 prefix argument turns this display off. | |
61115
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799 |
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800 Long Lines mode does not change normal text files that are already |
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801 filled, since the existing newlines are considered hard newlines. |
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802 Before Long Lines can do anything, you need to transform each |
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803 paragraph into a long line. One way is to set @code{fill-column} to a |
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804 large number (e.g., @kbd{C-u 9999 C-x f}), re-fill all the paragraphs, |
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805 and then set @code{fill-column} back to its original value. |
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806 |
25829 | 807 @node Case |
808 @section Case Conversion Commands | |
809 @cindex case conversion | |
810 | |
811 Emacs has commands for converting either a single word or any arbitrary | |
812 range of text to upper case or to lower case. | |
813 | |
814 @table @kbd | |
815 @item M-l | |
816 Convert following word to lower case (@code{downcase-word}). | |
817 @item M-u | |
818 Convert following word to upper case (@code{upcase-word}). | |
819 @item M-c | |
820 Capitalize the following word (@code{capitalize-word}). | |
821 @item C-x C-l | |
822 Convert region to lower case (@code{downcase-region}). | |
823 @item C-x C-u | |
824 Convert region to upper case (@code{upcase-region}). | |
825 @end table | |
826 | |
827 @kindex M-l | |
828 @kindex M-u | |
829 @kindex M-c | |
830 @cindex words, case conversion | |
831 @cindex converting text to upper or lower case | |
832 @cindex capitalizing words | |
833 @findex downcase-word | |
834 @findex upcase-word | |
835 @findex capitalize-word | |
836 The word conversion commands are the most useful. @kbd{M-l} | |
837 (@code{downcase-word}) converts the word after point to lower case, moving | |
838 past it. Thus, repeating @kbd{M-l} converts successive words. | |
839 @kbd{M-u} (@code{upcase-word}) converts to all capitals instead, while | |
840 @kbd{M-c} (@code{capitalize-word}) puts the first letter of the word | |
841 into upper case and the rest into lower case. All these commands convert | |
842 several words at once if given an argument. They are especially convenient | |
843 for converting a large amount of text from all upper case to mixed case, | |
844 because you can move through the text using @kbd{M-l}, @kbd{M-u} or | |
845 @kbd{M-c} on each word as appropriate, occasionally using @kbd{M-f} instead | |
846 to skip a word. | |
847 | |
848 When given a negative argument, the word case conversion commands apply | |
849 to the appropriate number of words before point, but do not move point. | |
850 This is convenient when you have just typed a word in the wrong case: you | |
851 can give the case conversion command and continue typing. | |
852 | |
68701 | 853 If a word case conversion command is given in the middle of a word, |
854 it applies only to the part of the word which follows point. (This is | |
855 comparable to what @kbd{M-d} (@code{kill-word}) does.) With a | |
856 negative argument, case conversion applies only to the part of the | |
857 word before point. | |
25829 | 858 |
859 @kindex C-x C-l | |
860 @kindex C-x C-u | |
861 @findex downcase-region | |
862 @findex upcase-region | |
863 The other case conversion commands are @kbd{C-x C-u} | |
864 (@code{upcase-region}) and @kbd{C-x C-l} (@code{downcase-region}), which | |
865 convert everything between point and mark to the specified case. Point and | |
866 mark do not move. | |
867 | |
868 The region case conversion commands @code{upcase-region} and | |
869 @code{downcase-region} are normally disabled. This means that they ask | |
870 for confirmation if you try to use them. When you confirm, you may | |
871 enable the command, which means it will not ask for confirmation again. | |
872 @xref{Disabling}. | |
873 | |
874 @node Text Mode | |
875 @section Text Mode | |
876 @cindex Text mode | |
877 @cindex mode, Text | |
878 @findex text-mode | |
879 | |
880 When you edit files of text in a human language, it's more convenient | |
881 to use Text mode rather than Fundamental mode. To enter Text mode, type | |
882 @kbd{M-x text-mode}. | |
883 | |
884 In Text mode, only blank lines and page delimiters separate | |
885 paragraphs. As a result, paragraphs can be indented, and adaptive | |
886 filling determines what indentation to use when filling a paragraph. | |
887 @xref{Adaptive Fill}. | |
888 | |
889 @kindex TAB @r{(Text mode)} | |
890 Text mode defines @key{TAB} to run @code{indent-relative} | |
891 (@pxref{Indentation}), so that you can conveniently indent a line like | |
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892 the previous line. |
25829 | 893 |
894 Text mode turns off the features concerned with comments except when | |
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895 you explicitly invoke them. It changes the syntax table so that |
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896 single-quotes are considered part of words. However, if a word starts |
68701 | 897 with single-quotes, these are treated as a prefix for purposes such as |
898 capitalization. That is, @kbd{M-c} will convert @samp{'hello'} into | |
899 @samp{'Hello'}, as expected. | |
25829 | 900 |
901 @cindex Paragraph-Indent Text mode | |
902 @cindex mode, Paragraph-Indent Text | |
903 @findex paragraph-indent-text-mode | |
27207 | 904 @findex paragraph-indent-minor-mode |
25829 | 905 If you indent the first lines of paragraphs, then you should use |
68701 | 906 Paragraph-Indent Text mode rather than Text mode. In this mode, you |
907 do not need to have blank lines between paragraphs, because the | |
908 first-line indentation is sufficient to start a paragraph; however | |
909 paragraphs in which every line is indented are not supported. Use | |
910 @kbd{M-x paragraph-indent-text-mode} to enter this mode. Use @kbd{M-x | |
911 paragraph-indent-minor-mode} to enable an equivalent minor mode in | |
912 situations where you can't change the major mode---in mail | |
913 composition, for instance. | |
25829 | 914 |
915 @kindex M-TAB @r{(Text mode)} | |
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916 Text mode, and all the modes based on it, define @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} |
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917 as the command @code{ispell-complete-word}, which performs completion |
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918 of the partial word in the buffer before point, using the spelling |
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919 dictionary as the space of possible words. @xref{Spelling}. If your |
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920 window manager defines @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} to switch windows, you can |
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921 type @kbd{@key{ESC} @key{TAB}} or @kbd{C-M-i}. |
25829 | 922 |
923 @vindex text-mode-hook | |
924 Entering Text mode runs the hook @code{text-mode-hook}. Other major | |
925 modes related to Text mode also run this hook, followed by hooks of | |
926 their own; this includes Paragraph-Indent Text mode, Nroff mode, @TeX{} | |
927 mode, Outline mode, and Mail mode. Hook functions on | |
928 @code{text-mode-hook} can look at the value of @code{major-mode} to see | |
929 which of these modes is actually being entered. @xref{Hooks}. | |
930 | |
931 @ifinfo | |
932 Emacs provides two other modes for editing text that is to be passed | |
933 through a text formatter to produce fancy formatted printed output. | |
934 @xref{Nroff Mode}, for editing input to the formatter nroff. | |
935 @xref{TeX Mode}, for editing input to the formatter TeX. | |
936 | |
937 Another mode is used for editing outlines. It allows you to view the | |
938 text at various levels of detail. You can view either the outline | |
939 headings alone or both headings and text; you can also hide some of the | |
940 headings at lower levels from view to make the high level structure more | |
941 visible. @xref{Outline Mode}. | |
942 @end ifinfo | |
943 | |
944 @node Outline Mode | |
945 @section Outline Mode | |
946 @cindex Outline mode | |
947 @cindex mode, Outline | |
948 @cindex invisible lines | |
949 | |
950 @findex outline-mode | |
951 @findex outline-minor-mode | |
952 @vindex outline-minor-mode-prefix | |
953 Outline mode is a major mode much like Text mode but intended for | |
954 editing outlines. It allows you to make parts of the text temporarily | |
955 invisible so that you can see the outline structure. Type @kbd{M-x | |
956 outline-mode} to switch to Outline mode as the major mode of the current | |
957 buffer. | |
958 | |
59889 | 959 When Outline mode makes a line invisible, the line does not appear |
960 on the screen. The screen appears exactly as if the invisible line | |
961 were deleted, except that an ellipsis (three periods in a row) appears | |
962 at the end of the previous visible line. (Multiple consecutive | |
963 invisible lines produce just one ellipsis.) | |
25829 | 964 |
965 Editing commands that operate on lines, such as @kbd{C-n} and | |
966 @kbd{C-p}, treat the text of the invisible line as part of the previous | |
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967 visible line. Killing the ellipsis at the end of a visible line |
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968 really kills all the following invisible lines. |
25829 | 969 |
970 Outline minor mode provides the same commands as the major mode, | |
971 Outline mode, but you can use it in conjunction with other major modes. | |
972 Type @kbd{M-x outline-minor-mode} to enable the Outline minor mode in | |
973 the current buffer. You can also specify this in the text of a file, | |
974 with a file local variable of the form @samp{mode: outline-minor} | |
975 (@pxref{File Variables}). | |
976 | |
977 @kindex C-c @@ @r{(Outline minor mode)} | |
978 The major mode, Outline mode, provides special key bindings on the | |
979 @kbd{C-c} prefix. Outline minor mode provides similar bindings with | |
980 @kbd{C-c @@} as the prefix; this is to reduce the conflicts with the | |
981 major mode's special commands. (The variable | |
982 @code{outline-minor-mode-prefix} controls the prefix used.) | |
983 | |
984 @vindex outline-mode-hook | |
985 Entering Outline mode runs the hook @code{text-mode-hook} followed by | |
986 the hook @code{outline-mode-hook} (@pxref{Hooks}). | |
987 | |
988 @menu | |
989 * Format: Outline Format. What the text of an outline looks like. | |
990 * Motion: Outline Motion. Special commands for moving through | |
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991 outlines. |
25829 | 992 * Visibility: Outline Visibility. Commands to control what is visible. |
993 * Views: Outline Views. Outlines and multiple views. | |
59889 | 994 * Foldout:: Folding means zooming in on outlines. |
25829 | 995 @end menu |
996 | |
997 @node Outline Format | |
998 @subsection Format of Outlines | |
999 | |
1000 @cindex heading lines (Outline mode) | |
1001 @cindex body lines (Outline mode) | |
1002 Outline mode assumes that the lines in the buffer are of two types: | |
1003 @dfn{heading lines} and @dfn{body lines}. A heading line represents a | |
1004 topic in the outline. Heading lines start with one or more stars; the | |
1005 number of stars determines the depth of the heading in the outline | |
1006 structure. Thus, a heading line with one star is a major topic; all the | |
1007 heading lines with two stars between it and the next one-star heading | |
1008 are its subtopics; and so on. Any line that is not a heading line is a | |
1009 body line. Body lines belong with the preceding heading line. Here is | |
1010 an example: | |
1011 | |
1012 @example | |
1013 * Food | |
1014 This is the body, | |
1015 which says something about the topic of food. | |
1016 | |
1017 ** Delicious Food | |
1018 This is the body of the second-level header. | |
1019 | |
1020 ** Distasteful Food | |
1021 This could have | |
1022 a body too, with | |
1023 several lines. | |
1024 | |
1025 *** Dormitory Food | |
1026 | |
1027 * Shelter | |
1028 Another first-level topic with its header line. | |
1029 @end example | |
1030 | |
1031 A heading line together with all following body lines is called | |
1032 collectively an @dfn{entry}. A heading line together with all following | |
1033 deeper heading lines and their body lines is called a @dfn{subtree}. | |
1034 | |
1035 @vindex outline-regexp | |
1036 You can customize the criterion for distinguishing heading lines | |
1037 by setting the variable @code{outline-regexp}. Any line whose | |
1038 beginning has a match for this regexp is considered a heading line. | |
1039 Matches that start within a line (not at the left margin) do not count. | |
1040 The length of the matching text determines the level of the heading; | |
1041 longer matches make a more deeply nested level. Thus, for example, | |
1042 if a text formatter has commands @samp{@@chapter}, @samp{@@section} | |
1043 and @samp{@@subsection} to divide the document into chapters and | |
1044 sections, you could make those lines count as heading lines by | |
1045 setting @code{outline-regexp} to @samp{"@@chap\\|@@\\(sub\\)*section"}. | |
1046 Note the trick: the two words @samp{chapter} and @samp{section} are equally | |
1047 long, but by defining the regexp to match only @samp{chap} we ensure | |
1048 that the length of the text matched on a chapter heading is shorter, | |
1049 so that Outline mode will know that sections are contained in chapters. | |
1050 This works as long as no other command starts with @samp{@@chap}. | |
1051 | |
1052 @vindex outline-level | |
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1053 You can change the rule for calculating the level of a heading line |
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1054 by setting the variable @code{outline-level}. The value of |
25829 | 1055 @code{outline-level} should be a function that takes no arguments and |
1056 returns the level of the current heading. Some major modes such as C, | |
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1057 Nroff, and Emacs Lisp mode set this variable and @code{outline-regexp} |
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1058 in order to work with Outline minor mode. |
25829 | 1059 |
1060 @node Outline Motion | |
1061 @subsection Outline Motion Commands | |
1062 | |
1063 Outline mode provides special motion commands that move backward and | |
1064 forward to heading lines. | |
1065 | |
1066 @table @kbd | |
1067 @item C-c C-n | |
1068 Move point to the next visible heading line | |
1069 (@code{outline-next-visible-heading}). | |
1070 @item C-c C-p | |
1071 Move point to the previous visible heading line | |
1072 (@code{outline-previous-visible-heading}). | |
1073 @item C-c C-f | |
1074 Move point to the next visible heading line at the same level | |
1075 as the one point is on (@code{outline-forward-same-level}). | |
1076 @item C-c C-b | |
1077 Move point to the previous visible heading line at the same level | |
1078 (@code{outline-backward-same-level}). | |
1079 @item C-c C-u | |
1080 Move point up to a lower-level (more inclusive) visible heading line | |
1081 (@code{outline-up-heading}). | |
1082 @end table | |
1083 | |
1084 @findex outline-next-visible-heading | |
1085 @findex outline-previous-visible-heading | |
1086 @kindex C-c C-n @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1087 @kindex C-c C-p @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1088 @kbd{C-c C-n} (@code{outline-next-visible-heading}) moves down to the next | |
1089 heading line. @kbd{C-c C-p} (@code{outline-previous-visible-heading}) moves | |
1090 similarly backward. Both accept numeric arguments as repeat counts. The | |
1091 names emphasize that invisible headings are skipped, but this is not really | |
1092 a special feature. All editing commands that look for lines ignore the | |
68701 | 1093 invisible lines automatically. |
25829 | 1094 |
1095 @findex outline-up-heading | |
1096 @findex outline-forward-same-level | |
1097 @findex outline-backward-same-level | |
1098 @kindex C-c C-f @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1099 @kindex C-c C-b @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1100 @kindex C-c C-u @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1101 More powerful motion commands understand the level structure of headings. | |
1102 @kbd{C-c C-f} (@code{outline-forward-same-level}) and | |
1103 @kbd{C-c C-b} (@code{outline-backward-same-level}) move from one | |
1104 heading line to another visible heading at the same depth in | |
1105 the outline. @kbd{C-c C-u} (@code{outline-up-heading}) moves | |
1106 backward to another heading that is less deeply nested. | |
1107 | |
1108 @node Outline Visibility | |
1109 @subsection Outline Visibility Commands | |
1110 | |
1111 The other special commands of outline mode are used to make lines visible | |
1112 or invisible. Their names all start with @code{hide} or @code{show}. | |
1113 Most of them fall into pairs of opposites. They are not undoable; instead, | |
1114 you can undo right past them. Making lines visible or invisible is simply | |
1115 not recorded by the undo mechanism. | |
1116 | |
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1117 Many of these commands act on the ``current'' heading line. If |
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1118 point is on a heading line, that is the current heading line; if point |
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1119 is on a body line, the current heading line is the nearest preceding |
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1120 header line. |
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1121 |
25829 | 1122 @table @kbd |
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1123 @item C-c C-c |
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1124 Make the current heading line's body invisible (@code{hide-entry}). |
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1125 @item C-c C-e |
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1126 Make the current heading line's body visible (@code{show-entry}). |
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1127 @item C-c C-d |
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1128 Make everything under the current heading invisible, not including the |
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1129 heading itself (@code{hide-subtree}). |
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1130 @item C-c C-s |
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1131 Make everything under the current heading visible, including body, |
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1132 subheadings, and their bodies (@code{show-subtree}). |
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1133 @item C-c C-l |
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1134 Make the body of the current heading line, and of all its subheadings, |
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1135 invisible (@code{hide-leaves}). |
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1136 @item C-c C-k |
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1137 Make all subheadings of the current heading line, at all levels, |
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1138 visible (@code{show-branches}). |
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1139 @item C-c C-i |
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1140 Make immediate subheadings (one level down) of the current heading |
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1141 line visible (@code{show-children}). |
25829 | 1142 @item C-c C-t |
1143 Make all body lines in the buffer invisible (@code{hide-body}). | |
1144 @item C-c C-a | |
1145 Make all lines in the buffer visible (@code{show-all}). | |
1146 @item C-c C-q | |
1147 Hide everything except the top @var{n} levels of heading lines | |
1148 (@code{hide-sublevels}). | |
1149 @item C-c C-o | |
1150 Hide everything except for the heading or body that point is in, plus | |
1151 the headings leading up from there to the top level of the outline | |
1152 (@code{hide-other}). | |
1153 @end table | |
1154 | |
1155 @findex hide-entry | |
1156 @findex show-entry | |
1157 @kindex C-c C-c @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1158 @kindex C-c C-e @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1159 Two commands that are exact opposites are @kbd{C-c C-c} | |
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1160 (@code{hide-entry}) and @kbd{C-c C-e} (@code{show-entry}). They apply |
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1161 to the body lines directly following the current heading line. |
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1162 Subheadings and their bodies are not affected. |
25829 | 1163 |
1164 @findex hide-subtree | |
1165 @findex show-subtree | |
1166 @kindex C-c C-s @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1167 @kindex C-c C-d @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1168 @cindex subtree (Outline mode) | |
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1169 Two more powerful opposites are @kbd{C-c C-d} (@code{hide-subtree}) |
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1170 and @kbd{C-c C-s} (@code{show-subtree}). Both apply to the current |
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1171 heading line's @dfn{subtree}: its body, all its subheadings, both |
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1172 direct and indirect, and all of their bodies. In other words, the |
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1173 subtree contains everything following the current heading line, up to |
68701 | 1174 and not including the next heading of the same or higher rank. |
25829 | 1175 |
1176 @findex hide-leaves | |
1177 @findex show-branches | |
1178 @kindex C-c C-l @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1179 @kindex C-c C-k @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1180 Intermediate between a visible subtree and an invisible one is having | |
1181 all the subheadings visible but none of the body. There are two | |
1182 commands for doing this, depending on whether you want to hide the | |
1183 bodies or make the subheadings visible. They are @kbd{C-c C-l} | |
1184 (@code{hide-leaves}) and @kbd{C-c C-k} (@code{show-branches}). | |
1185 | |
1186 @kindex C-c C-i @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1187 @findex show-children | |
1188 A little weaker than @code{show-branches} is @kbd{C-c C-i} | |
1189 (@code{show-children}). It makes just the direct subheadings | |
1190 visible---those one level down. Deeper subheadings remain invisible, if | |
68701 | 1191 they were invisible. |
25829 | 1192 |
1193 @findex hide-body | |
1194 @findex show-all | |
1195 @kindex C-c C-t @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1196 @kindex C-c C-a @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1197 Two commands have a blanket effect on the whole file. @kbd{C-c C-t} | |
1198 (@code{hide-body}) makes all body lines invisible, so that you see just | |
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1199 the outline structure (as a special exception, it will not hide lines |
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1200 at the top of the file, preceding the first header line, even though |
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1201 these are technically body lines). @kbd{C-c C-a} (@code{show-all}) |
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1202 makes all lines visible. These commands can be thought of as a pair |
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1203 of opposites even though @kbd{C-c C-a} applies to more than just body |
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1204 lines. |
25829 | 1205 |
1206 @findex hide-sublevels | |
1207 @kindex C-c C-q @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1208 The command @kbd{C-c C-q} (@code{hide-sublevels}) hides all but the | |
1209 top level headings. With a numeric argument @var{n}, it hides everything | |
1210 except the top @var{n} levels of heading lines. | |
1211 | |
1212 @findex hide-other | |
1213 @kindex C-c C-o @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1214 The command @kbd{C-c C-o} (@code{hide-other}) hides everything except | |
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1215 the heading and body text that point is in, plus its parents (the headers |
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1216 leading up from there to top level in the outline) and the top level |
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1217 headings. |
25829 | 1218 |
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1219 @findex reveal-mode |
25829 | 1220 When incremental search finds text that is hidden by Outline mode, |
1221 it makes that part of the buffer visible. If you exit the search | |
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1222 at that position, the text remains visible. You can also |
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1223 automatically make text visible as you navigate in it by using |
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1224 @kbd{M-x reveal-mode}. |
25829 | 1225 |
1226 @node Outline Views | |
1227 @subsection Viewing One Outline in Multiple Views | |
1228 | |
1229 @cindex multiple views of outline | |
1230 @cindex views of an outline | |
1231 @cindex outline with multiple views | |
1232 @cindex indirect buffers and outlines | |
1233 You can display two views of a single outline at the same time, in | |
1234 different windows. To do this, you must create an indirect buffer using | |
1235 @kbd{M-x make-indirect-buffer}. The first argument of this command is | |
1236 the existing outline buffer name, and its second argument is the name to | |
1237 use for the new indirect buffer. @xref{Indirect Buffers}. | |
1238 | |
1239 Once the indirect buffer exists, you can display it in a window in the | |
1240 normal fashion, with @kbd{C-x 4 b} or other Emacs commands. The Outline | |
1241 mode commands to show and hide parts of the text operate on each buffer | |
1242 independently; as a result, each buffer can have its own view. If you | |
1243 want more than two views on the same outline, create additional indirect | |
1244 buffers. | |
1245 | |
28328 | 1246 @node Foldout |
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1247 @subsection Folding Editing |
28328 | 1248 |
1249 @cindex folding editing | |
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1250 The Foldout package extends Outline mode and Outline minor mode with |
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1251 ``folding'' commands. The idea of folding is that you zoom in on a |
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1252 nested portion of the outline, while hiding its relatives at higher |
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1253 levels. |
30867 | 1254 |
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1255 Consider an Outline mode buffer with all the text and subheadings under |
28328 | 1256 level-1 headings hidden. To look at what is hidden under one of these |
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1257 headings, you could use @kbd{C-c C-e} (@kbd{M-x show-entry}) to expose |
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1258 the body, or @kbd{C-c C-i} to expose the child (level-2) headings. |
28328 | 1259 |
1260 @kindex C-c C-z | |
1261 @findex foldout-zoom-subtree | |
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1262 With Foldout, you use @kbd{C-c C-z} (@kbd{M-x foldout-zoom-subtree}). |
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1263 This exposes the body and child subheadings, and narrows the buffer so |
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1264 that only the @w{level-1} heading, the body and the level-2 headings are |
28328 | 1265 visible. Now to look under one of the level-2 headings, position the |
1266 cursor on it and use @kbd{C-c C-z} again. This exposes the level-2 body | |
1267 and its level-3 child subheadings and narrows the buffer again. Zooming | |
1268 in on successive subheadings can be done as much as you like. A string | |
39267 | 1269 in the mode line shows how deep you've gone. |
28328 | 1270 |
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1271 When zooming in on a heading, to see only the child subheadings specify |
28328 | 1272 a numeric argument: @kbd{C-u C-c C-z}. The number of levels of children |
1273 can be specified too (compare @kbd{M-x show-children}), e.g.@: @kbd{M-2 | |
1274 C-c C-z} exposes two levels of child subheadings. Alternatively, the | |
39267 | 1275 body can be specified with a negative argument: @kbd{M-- C-c C-z}. The |
28328 | 1276 whole subtree can be expanded, similarly to @kbd{C-c C-s} (@kbd{M-x |
1277 show-subtree}), by specifying a zero argument: @kbd{M-0 C-c C-z}. | |
1278 | |
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1279 While you're zoomed in, you can still use Outline mode's exposure and |
28328 | 1280 hiding functions without disturbing Foldout. Also, since the buffer is |
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1281 narrowed, ``global'' editing actions will only affect text under the |
28328 | 1282 zoomed-in heading. This is useful for restricting changes to a |
1283 particular chapter or section of your document. | |
1284 | |
1285 @kindex C-c C-x | |
1286 @findex foldout-exit-fold | |
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1287 To unzoom (exit) a fold, use @kbd{C-c C-x} (@kbd{M-x foldout-exit-fold}). |
28328 | 1288 This hides all the text and subheadings under the top-level heading and |
1289 returns you to the previous view of the buffer. Specifying a numeric | |
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1290 argument exits that many levels of folds. Specifying a zero argument |
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1291 exits all folds. |
28328 | 1292 |
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1293 To cancel the narrowing of a fold without hiding the text and |
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1294 subheadings, specify a negative argument. For example, @kbd{M--2 C-c |
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1295 C-x} exits two folds and leaves the text and subheadings exposed. |
28328 | 1296 |
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1297 Foldout mode also provides mouse commands for entering and exiting |
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1298 folds, and for showing and hiding text: |
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1299 |
28328 | 1300 @table @asis |
40651 | 1301 @item @kbd{C-M-Mouse-1} zooms in on the heading clicked on |
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1302 @itemize @asis |
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1303 @item |
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1304 single click: expose body. |
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1305 @item |
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1306 double click: expose subheadings. |
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1307 @item |
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1308 triple click: expose body and subheadings. |
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1309 @item |
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1310 quad click: expose entire subtree. |
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1311 @end itemize |
40651 | 1312 @item @kbd{C-M-Mouse-2} exposes text under the heading clicked on |
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1313 @itemize @asis |
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1314 @item |
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1315 single click: expose body. |
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1316 @item |
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Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
1317 double click: expose subheadings. |
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Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1318 @item |
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Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1319 triple click: expose body and subheadings. |
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Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1320 @item |
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Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
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|
1321 quad click: expose entire subtree. |
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Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1322 @end itemize |
40651 | 1323 @item @kbd{C-M-Mouse-3} hides text under the heading clicked on or exits fold |
38951
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1324 @itemize @asis |
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Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1325 @item |
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Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1326 single click: hide subtree. |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1327 @item |
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Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1328 double click: exit fold and hide text. |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
1329 @item |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1330 triple click: exit fold without hiding text. |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1331 @item |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1332 quad click: exit all folds and hide text. |
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|
1333 @end itemize |
28328 | 1334 @end table |
1335 | |
1336 @vindex foldout-mouse-modifiers | |
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32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1337 You can specify different modifier keys (instead of |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1338 @kbd{Control-Meta-}) by setting @code{foldout-mouse-modifiers}; but if |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1339 you have already loaded the @file{foldout.el} library, you must reload |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
32782
diff
changeset
|
1340 it in order for this to take effect. |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1341 |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1342 To use the Foldout package, you can type @kbd{M-x load-library |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1343 @key{RET} foldout @key{RET}}; or you can arrange for to do that |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1344 automatically by putting this in your @file{.emacs} file: |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1345 |
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Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1346 @example |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1347 (eval-after-load "outline" '(require 'foldout)) |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
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diff
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|
1348 @end example |
28328 | 1349 |
46247
2e162cb1a7ac
(TeX Mode): Remove explicit next/prev/up in @node line.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
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46234
diff
changeset
|
1350 @node TeX Mode |
25829 | 1351 @section @TeX{} Mode |
1352 @cindex @TeX{} mode | |
1353 @cindex La@TeX{} mode | |
1354 @cindex Sli@TeX{} mode | |
60955
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1355 @cindex Doc@TeX{} mode |
25829 | 1356 @cindex mode, @TeX{} |
1357 @cindex mode, La@TeX{} | |
1358 @cindex mode, Sli@TeX{} | |
60955
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(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1359 @cindex mode, Doc@TeX{} |
25829 | 1360 @findex tex-mode |
1361 @findex plain-tex-mode | |
1362 @findex latex-mode | |
1363 @findex slitex-mode | |
60955
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1364 @findex doctex-mode |
25829 | 1365 |
68701 | 1366 @TeX{} is a powerful text formatter written by Donald Knuth; it is |
1367 also free software, like GNU Emacs. La@TeX{} is a simplified input | |
1368 format for @TeX{}, implemented by @TeX{} macros; it comes with @TeX{}. | |
1369 Sli@TeX{} is a special form of La@TeX{}.@footnote{Sli@TeX{} is | |
1370 obsoleted by the @samp{slides} document class in recent La@TeX{} | |
1371 versions.} Doc@TeX{} (@file{.dtx}) is a special file format in which | |
1372 the La@TeX{} sources are written, combining sources with | |
1373 documentation. | |
25829 | 1374 |
1375 Emacs has a special @TeX{} mode for editing @TeX{} input files. | |
1376 It provides facilities for checking the balance of delimiters and for | |
1377 invoking @TeX{} on all or part of the file. | |
1378 | |
1379 @vindex tex-default-mode | |
60955
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1380 @TeX{} mode has four variants: Plain @TeX{} mode, La@TeX{} mode, |
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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60802
diff
changeset
|
1381 Sli@TeX{} mode, and Doc@TeX{} mode (these distinct major modes differ |
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60802
diff
changeset
|
1382 only slightly). They are designed for editing the four different |
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60802
diff
changeset
|
1383 formats. The command @kbd{M-x tex-mode} looks at the contents of the |
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60802
diff
changeset
|
1384 buffer to determine whether the contents appear to be either La@TeX{} |
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60802
diff
changeset
|
1385 input, Sli@TeX{}, or Doc@TeX{} input; if so, it selects the |
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60802
diff
changeset
|
1386 appropriate mode. If the file contents do not appear to be La@TeX{}, |
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60802
diff
changeset
|
1387 Sli@TeX{} or Doc@TeX{}, it selects Plain @TeX{} mode. If the contents |
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60802
diff
changeset
|
1388 are insufficient to determine this, the variable |
25829 | 1389 @code{tex-default-mode} controls which mode is used. |
1390 | |
1391 When @kbd{M-x tex-mode} does not guess right, you can use the commands | |
60955
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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60802
diff
changeset
|
1392 @kbd{M-x plain-tex-mode}, @kbd{M-x latex-mode}, @kbd{M-x slitex-mode}, |
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60802
diff
changeset
|
1393 and @kbd{doctex-mode} to select explicitly the particular variants of |
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60802
diff
changeset
|
1394 @TeX{} mode. |
25829 | 1395 |
1396 @menu | |
1397 * Editing: TeX Editing. Special commands for editing in TeX mode. | |
1398 * LaTeX: LaTeX Editing. Additional commands for LaTeX input files. | |
1399 * Printing: TeX Print. Commands for printing part of a file with TeX. | |
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Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1400 * Misc: TeX Misc. Customization of TeX mode, and related features. |
25829 | 1401 @end menu |
1402 | |
1403 @node TeX Editing | |
1404 @subsection @TeX{} Editing Commands | |
1405 | |
1406 Here are the special commands provided in @TeX{} mode for editing the | |
1407 text of the file. | |
1408 | |
1409 @table @kbd | |
1410 @item " | |
1411 Insert, according to context, either @samp{``} or @samp{"} or | |
1412 @samp{''} (@code{tex-insert-quote}). | |
1413 @item C-j | |
1414 Insert a paragraph break (two newlines) and check the previous | |
1415 paragraph for unbalanced braces or dollar signs | |
1416 (@code{tex-terminate-paragraph}). | |
1417 @item M-x tex-validate-region | |
1418 Check each paragraph in the region for unbalanced braces or dollar signs. | |
1419 @item C-c @{ | |
1420 Insert @samp{@{@}} and position point between them (@code{tex-insert-braces}). | |
1421 @item C-c @} | |
1422 Move forward past the next unmatched close brace (@code{up-list}). | |
1423 @end table | |
1424 | |
1425 @findex tex-insert-quote | |
1426 @kindex " @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1427 In @TeX{}, the character @samp{"} is not normally used; we use | |
1428 @samp{``} to start a quotation and @samp{''} to end one. To make | |
1429 editing easier under this formatting convention, @TeX{} mode overrides | |
1430 the normal meaning of the key @kbd{"} with a command that inserts a pair | |
1431 of single-quotes or backquotes (@code{tex-insert-quote}). To be | |
1432 precise, this command inserts @samp{``} after whitespace or an open | |
1433 brace, @samp{"} after a backslash, and @samp{''} after any other | |
1434 character. | |
1435 | |
1436 If you need the character @samp{"} itself in unusual contexts, use | |
1437 @kbd{C-q} to insert it. Also, @kbd{"} with a numeric argument always | |
1438 inserts that number of @samp{"} characters. You can turn off the | |
1439 feature of @kbd{"} expansion by eliminating that binding in the local | |
1440 map (@pxref{Key Bindings}). | |
1441 | |
1442 In @TeX{} mode, @samp{$} has a special syntax code which attempts to | |
1443 understand the way @TeX{} math mode delimiters match. When you insert a | |
1444 @samp{$} that is meant to exit math mode, the position of the matching | |
1445 @samp{$} that entered math mode is displayed for a second. This is the | |
1446 same feature that displays the open brace that matches a close brace that | |
1447 is inserted. However, there is no way to tell whether a @samp{$} enters | |
1448 math mode or leaves it; so when you insert a @samp{$} that enters math | |
1449 mode, the previous @samp{$} position is shown as if it were a match, even | |
1450 though they are actually unrelated. | |
1451 | |
1452 @findex tex-insert-braces | |
1453 @kindex C-c @{ @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1454 @findex up-list | |
1455 @kindex C-c @} @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1456 @TeX{} uses braces as delimiters that must match. Some users prefer | |
1457 to keep braces balanced at all times, rather than inserting them | |
1458 singly. Use @kbd{C-c @{} (@code{tex-insert-braces}) to insert a pair of | |
1459 braces. It leaves point between the two braces so you can insert the | |
1460 text that belongs inside. Afterward, use the command @kbd{C-c @}} | |
1461 (@code{up-list}) to move forward past the close brace. | |
1462 | |
1463 @findex tex-validate-region | |
1464 @findex tex-terminate-paragraph | |
1465 @kindex C-j @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1466 There are two commands for checking the matching of braces. @kbd{C-j} | |
1467 (@code{tex-terminate-paragraph}) checks the paragraph before point, and | |
38870
d44abb4e68b2
Don't use "print" for displaying a message.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38478
diff
changeset
|
1468 inserts two newlines to start a new paragraph. It outputs a message in |
25829 | 1469 the echo area if any mismatch is found. @kbd{M-x tex-validate-region} |
1470 checks a region, paragraph by paragraph. The errors are listed in the | |
1471 @samp{*Occur*} buffer, and you can use @kbd{C-c C-c} or @kbd{Mouse-2} in | |
1472 that buffer to go to a particular mismatch. | |
1473 | |
1474 Note that Emacs commands count square brackets and parentheses in | |
1475 @TeX{} mode, not just braces. This is not strictly correct for the | |
1476 purpose of checking @TeX{} syntax. However, parentheses and square | |
1477 brackets are likely to be used in text as matching delimiters and it is | |
1478 useful for the various motion commands and automatic match display to | |
1479 work with them. | |
1480 | |
1481 @node LaTeX Editing | |
1482 @subsection La@TeX{} Editing Commands | |
1483 | |
1484 La@TeX{} mode, and its variant, Sli@TeX{} mode, provide a few extra | |
1485 features not applicable to plain @TeX{}. | |
1486 | |
1487 @table @kbd | |
1488 @item C-c C-o | |
1489 Insert @samp{\begin} and @samp{\end} for La@TeX{} block and position | |
1490 point on a line between them (@code{tex-latex-block}). | |
1491 @item C-c C-e | |
1492 Close the innermost La@TeX{} block not yet closed | |
1493 (@code{tex-close-latex-block}). | |
1494 @end table | |
1495 | |
1496 @findex tex-latex-block | |
1497 @kindex C-c C-o @r{(La@TeX{} mode)} | |
1498 @vindex latex-block-names | |
1499 In La@TeX{} input, @samp{\begin} and @samp{\end} commands are used to | |
1500 group blocks of text. To insert a @samp{\begin} and a matching | |
1501 @samp{\end} (on a new line following the @samp{\begin}), use @kbd{C-c | |
1502 C-o} (@code{tex-latex-block}). A blank line is inserted between the | |
1503 two, and point is left there. You can use completion when you enter the | |
1504 block type; to specify additional block type names beyond the standard | |
1505 list, set the variable @code{latex-block-names}. For example, here's | |
1506 how to add @samp{theorem}, @samp{corollary}, and @samp{proof}: | |
1507 | |
1508 @example | |
1509 (setq latex-block-names '("theorem" "corollary" "proof")) | |
1510 @end example | |
1511 | |
1512 @findex tex-close-latex-block | |
1513 @kindex C-c C-e @r{(La@TeX{} mode)} | |
1514 In La@TeX{} input, @samp{\begin} and @samp{\end} commands must | |
1515 balance. You can use @kbd{C-c C-e} (@code{tex-close-latex-block}) to | |
1516 insert automatically a matching @samp{\end} to match the last unmatched | |
1517 @samp{\begin}. It indents the @samp{\end} to match the corresponding | |
1518 @samp{\begin}. It inserts a newline after @samp{\end} if point is at | |
1519 the beginning of a line. | |
1520 | |
1521 @node TeX Print | |
1522 @subsection @TeX{} Printing Commands | |
1523 | |
1524 You can invoke @TeX{} as an inferior of Emacs on either the entire | |
1525 contents of the buffer or just a region at a time. Running @TeX{} in | |
1526 this way on just one chapter is a good way to see what your changes | |
1527 look like without taking the time to format the entire file. | |
1528 | |
1529 @table @kbd | |
1530 @item C-c C-r | |
1531 Invoke @TeX{} on the current region, together with the buffer's header | |
1532 (@code{tex-region}). | |
1533 @item C-c C-b | |
1534 Invoke @TeX{} on the entire current buffer (@code{tex-buffer}). | |
1535 @item C-c @key{TAB} | |
1536 Invoke Bib@TeX{} on the current file (@code{tex-bibtex-file}). | |
1537 @item C-c C-f | |
1538 Invoke @TeX{} on the current file (@code{tex-file}). | |
1539 @item C-c C-l | |
1540 Recenter the window showing output from the inferior @TeX{} so that | |
1541 the last line can be seen (@code{tex-recenter-output-buffer}). | |
1542 @item C-c C-k | |
1543 Kill the @TeX{} subprocess (@code{tex-kill-job}). | |
1544 @item C-c C-p | |
1545 Print the output from the last @kbd{C-c C-r}, @kbd{C-c C-b}, or @kbd{C-c | |
1546 C-f} command (@code{tex-print}). | |
1547 @item C-c C-v | |
1548 Preview the output from the last @kbd{C-c C-r}, @kbd{C-c C-b}, or @kbd{C-c | |
1549 C-f} command (@code{tex-view}). | |
1550 @item C-c C-q | |
1551 Show the printer queue (@code{tex-show-print-queue}). | |
61849
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(TeX Print): Document tex-compile.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1552 @item C-c C-c |
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(TeX Print): Document tex-compile.
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diff
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|
1553 Invoke some other compilation command on the entire current buffer |
56749022baa0
(TeX Print): Document tex-compile.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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61115
diff
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|
1554 (@code{tex-compile}). |
25829 | 1555 @end table |
1556 | |
1557 @findex tex-buffer | |
1558 @kindex C-c C-b @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1559 @findex tex-print | |
1560 @kindex C-c C-p @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1561 @findex tex-view | |
1562 @kindex C-c C-v @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1563 @findex tex-show-print-queue | |
1564 @kindex C-c C-q @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1565 You can pass the current buffer through an inferior @TeX{} by means of | |
1566 @kbd{C-c C-b} (@code{tex-buffer}). The formatted output appears in a | |
1567 temporary file; to print it, type @kbd{C-c C-p} (@code{tex-print}). | |
1568 Afterward, you can use @kbd{C-c C-q} (@code{tex-show-print-queue}) to | |
1569 view the progress of your output towards being printed. If your terminal | |
1570 has the ability to display @TeX{} output files, you can preview the | |
1571 output on the terminal with @kbd{C-c C-v} (@code{tex-view}). | |
1572 | |
29107 | 1573 @cindex @env{TEXINPUTS} environment variable |
25829 | 1574 @vindex tex-directory |
1575 You can specify the directory to use for running @TeX{} by setting the | |
1576 variable @code{tex-directory}. @code{"."} is the default value. If | |
29107 | 1577 your environment variable @env{TEXINPUTS} contains relative directory |
25829 | 1578 names, or if your files contains @samp{\input} commands with relative |
1579 file names, then @code{tex-directory} @emph{must} be @code{"."} or you | |
1580 will get the wrong results. Otherwise, it is safe to specify some other | |
1581 directory, such as @code{"/tmp"}. | |
1582 | |
1583 @vindex tex-run-command | |
1584 @vindex latex-run-command | |
1585 @vindex slitex-run-command | |
1586 @vindex tex-dvi-print-command | |
1587 @vindex tex-dvi-view-command | |
1588 @vindex tex-show-queue-command | |
1589 If you want to specify which shell commands are used in the inferior @TeX{}, | |
1590 you can do so by setting the values of the variables @code{tex-run-command}, | |
1591 @code{latex-run-command}, @code{slitex-run-command}, | |
1592 @code{tex-dvi-print-command}, @code{tex-dvi-view-command}, and | |
1593 @code{tex-show-queue-command}. You @emph{must} set the value of | |
1594 @code{tex-dvi-view-command} for your particular terminal; this variable | |
1595 has no default value. The other variables have default values that may | |
1596 (or may not) be appropriate for your system. | |
1597 | |
1598 Normally, the file name given to these commands comes at the end of | |
1599 the command string; for example, @samp{latex @var{filename}}. In some | |
1600 cases, however, the file name needs to be embedded in the command; an | |
1601 example is when you need to provide the file name as an argument to one | |
1602 command whose output is piped to another. You can specify where to put | |
1603 the file name with @samp{*} in the command string. For example, | |
1604 | |
1605 @example | |
1606 (setq tex-dvi-print-command "dvips -f * | lpr") | |
1607 @end example | |
1608 | |
1609 @findex tex-kill-job | |
1610 @kindex C-c C-k @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1611 @findex tex-recenter-output-buffer | |
1612 @kindex C-c C-l @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1613 The terminal output from @TeX{}, including any error messages, appears | |
1614 in a buffer called @samp{*tex-shell*}. If @TeX{} gets an error, you can | |
1615 switch to this buffer and feed it input (this works as in Shell mode; | |
1616 @pxref{Interactive Shell}). Without switching to this buffer you can | |
1617 scroll it so that its last line is visible by typing @kbd{C-c | |
1618 C-l}. | |
1619 | |
1620 Type @kbd{C-c C-k} (@code{tex-kill-job}) to kill the @TeX{} process if | |
1621 you see that its output is no longer useful. Using @kbd{C-c C-b} or | |
68701 | 1622 @kbd{C-c C-r} also kills any @TeX{} process still running. |
25829 | 1623 |
1624 @findex tex-region | |
1625 @kindex C-c C-r @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1626 You can also pass an arbitrary region through an inferior @TeX{} by typing | |
1627 @kbd{C-c C-r} (@code{tex-region}). This is tricky, however, because most files | |
1628 of @TeX{} input contain commands at the beginning to set parameters and | |
1629 define macros, without which no later part of the file will format | |
1630 correctly. To solve this problem, @kbd{C-c C-r} allows you to designate a | |
1631 part of the file as containing essential commands; it is included before | |
1632 the specified region as part of the input to @TeX{}. The designated part | |
1633 of the file is called the @dfn{header}. | |
1634 | |
1635 @cindex header (@TeX{} mode) | |
1636 To indicate the bounds of the header in Plain @TeX{} mode, you insert two | |
1637 special strings in the file. Insert @samp{%**start of header} before the | |
1638 header, and @samp{%**end of header} after it. Each string must appear | |
1639 entirely on one line, but there may be other text on the line before or | |
1640 after. The lines containing the two strings are included in the header. | |
1641 If @samp{%**start of header} does not appear within the first 100 lines of | |
1642 the buffer, @kbd{C-c C-r} assumes that there is no header. | |
1643 | |
1644 In La@TeX{} mode, the header begins with @samp{\documentclass} or | |
1645 @samp{\documentstyle} and ends with @samp{\begin@{document@}}. These | |
1646 are commands that La@TeX{} requires you to use in any case, so nothing | |
1647 special needs to be done to identify the header. | |
1648 | |
1649 @findex tex-file | |
1650 @kindex C-c C-f @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1651 The commands (@code{tex-buffer}) and (@code{tex-region}) do all of their | |
1652 work in a temporary directory, and do not have available any of the auxiliary | |
1653 files needed by @TeX{} for cross-references; these commands are generally | |
1654 not suitable for running the final copy in which all of the cross-references | |
1655 need to be correct. | |
1656 | |
1657 When you want the auxiliary files for cross references, use @kbd{C-c | |
1658 C-f} (@code{tex-file}) which runs @TeX{} on the current buffer's file, | |
1659 in that file's directory. Before running @TeX{}, it offers to save any | |
1660 modified buffers. Generally, you need to use (@code{tex-file}) twice to | |
1661 get the cross-references right. | |
1662 | |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1663 @vindex tex-start-options |
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Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
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|
1664 The value of the variable @code{tex-start-options} specifies |
f80386540ed6
Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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45312
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|
1665 options for the @TeX{} run. |
f80386540ed6
Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
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diff
changeset
|
1666 |
f80386540ed6
Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
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|
1667 @vindex tex-start-commands |
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Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
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|
1668 The value of the variable @code{tex-start-commands} specifies @TeX{} |
f80386540ed6
Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1669 commands for starting @TeX{}. The default value causes @TeX{} to run |
f80386540ed6
Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
45312
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|
1670 in nonstop mode. To run @TeX{} interactively, set the variable to |
f80386540ed6
Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1671 @code{""}. |
25829 | 1672 |
1673 @vindex tex-main-file | |
1674 Large @TeX{} documents are often split into several files---one main | |
1675 file, plus subfiles. Running @TeX{} on a subfile typically does not | |
1676 work; you have to run it on the main file. In order to make | |
1677 @code{tex-file} useful when you are editing a subfile, you can set the | |
1678 variable @code{tex-main-file} to the name of the main file. Then | |
1679 @code{tex-file} runs @TeX{} on that file. | |
1680 | |
1681 The most convenient way to use @code{tex-main-file} is to specify it | |
1682 in a local variable list in each of the subfiles. @xref{File | |
1683 Variables}. | |
1684 | |
1685 @findex tex-bibtex-file | |
1686 @kindex C-c TAB @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1687 @vindex tex-bibtex-command | |
1688 For La@TeX{} files, you can use Bib@TeX{} to process the auxiliary | |
1689 file for the current buffer's file. Bib@TeX{} looks up bibliographic | |
1690 citations in a data base and prepares the cited references for the | |
68313 | 1691 bibliography section. The command @kbd{C-c @key{TAB}} |
25829 | 1692 (@code{tex-bibtex-file}) runs the shell command |
1693 (@code{tex-bibtex-command}) to produce a @samp{.bbl} file for the | |
1694 current buffer's file. Generally, you need to do @kbd{C-c C-f} | |
1695 (@code{tex-file}) once to generate the @samp{.aux} file, then do | |
68313 | 1696 @kbd{C-c @key{TAB}} (@code{tex-bibtex-file}), and then repeat @kbd{C-c C-f} |
25829 | 1697 (@code{tex-file}) twice more to get the cross-references correct. |
1698 | |
61849
56749022baa0
(TeX Print): Document tex-compile.
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|
1699 @findex tex-compile |
56749022baa0
(TeX Print): Document tex-compile.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1700 @kindex C-c C-c @r{(@TeX{} mode)} |
56749022baa0
(TeX Print): Document tex-compile.
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|
1701 To invoke some other compilation program on the current @TeX{} |
56749022baa0
(TeX Print): Document tex-compile.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1702 buffer, type @kbd{C-c C-c} (@code{tex-compile}). This command knows |
56749022baa0
(TeX Print): Document tex-compile.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1703 how to pass arguments to many common programs, including |
56749022baa0
(TeX Print): Document tex-compile.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1704 @file{pdflatex}, @file{yap}, @file{xdvi}, and @file{dvips}. You can |
56749022baa0
(TeX Print): Document tex-compile.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
61115
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|
1705 select your desired compilation program using the standard completion |
56749022baa0
(TeX Print): Document tex-compile.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1706 keys (@pxref{Completion}). |
56749022baa0
(TeX Print): Document tex-compile.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1707 |
36179
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|
1708 @node TeX Misc |
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|
1709 @subsection @TeX{} Mode Miscellany |
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|
1710 |
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|
1711 @vindex tex-shell-hook |
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|
1712 @vindex tex-mode-hook |
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|
1713 @vindex latex-mode-hook |
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|
1714 @vindex slitex-mode-hook |
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|
1715 @vindex plain-tex-mode-hook |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1716 Entering any variant of @TeX{} mode runs the hooks |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1717 @code{text-mode-hook} and @code{tex-mode-hook}. Then it runs either |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1718 @code{plain-tex-mode-hook}, @code{latex-mode-hook}, or |
32fc1ec13574
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1719 @code{slitex-mode-hook}, whichever is appropriate. Starting the |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1720 @TeX{} shell runs the hook @code{tex-shell-hook}. @xref{Hooks}. |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1721 |
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Move the Refill Mode node.
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|
1722 @findex iso-iso2tex |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1723 @findex iso-tex2iso |
32fc1ec13574
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1724 @findex iso-iso2gtex |
32fc1ec13574
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1725 @findex iso-gtex2iso |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1726 @cindex Latin-1 @TeX{} encoding |
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Various small changes in addition to the following.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
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|
1727 @cindex @TeX{} encoding |
36179
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|
1728 The commands @kbd{M-x iso-iso2tex}, @kbd{M-x iso-tex2iso}, @kbd{M-x |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1729 iso-iso2gtex} and @kbd{M-x iso-gtex2iso} can be used to convert |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1730 between Latin-1 encoded files and @TeX{}-encoded equivalents. |
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Move the Refill Mode node.
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|
1731 @ignore |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
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|
1732 @c Too cryptic to be useful, too cryptic for me to make it better -- rms. |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1733 They |
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Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1734 are included by default in the @code{format-alist} variable, so they |
32fc1ec13574
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|
1735 can be used with @kbd{M-x format-find-file}, for instance. |
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|
1736 @end ignore |
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|
1737 |
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Move the Refill Mode node.
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|
1738 @ignore @c Not worth documenting if it is only for Czech -- rms. |
32fc1ec13574
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1739 @findex tildify-buffer |
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|
1740 @findex tildify-region |
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|
1741 @cindex ties, @TeX{}, inserting |
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Move the Refill Mode node.
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|
1742 @cindex hard spaces, @TeX{}, inserting |
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Move the Refill Mode node.
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|
1743 The commands @kbd{M-x tildify-buffer} and @kbd{M-x tildify-region} |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
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|
1744 insert @samp{~} (@dfn{tie}) characters where they are conventionally |
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diff
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|
1745 required. This is set up for Czech---customize the group |
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Move the Refill Mode node.
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|
1746 @samp{tildify} for other languages or for other sorts of markup. |
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Move the Refill Mode node.
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diff
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|
1747 @end ignore |
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|
1748 |
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|
1749 @cindex Ref@TeX{} package |
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|
1750 @cindex references, La@TeX{} |
32fc1ec13574
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|
1751 @cindex La@TeX{} references |
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|
1752 For managing all kinds of references for La@TeX{}, you can use |
57340
e48fd292dadd
Various small changes in addition to the following.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
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diff
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|
1753 Ref@TeX{}. @inforef{Top,, reftex}. |
36179
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|
1754 |
46234
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New node for SGML mode, etc.
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|
1755 @node HTML Mode |
46397
2f9698c0ca31
*** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
46247
diff
changeset
|
1756 @section SGML, XML, and HTML Modes |
46234
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
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|
1757 |
58b8a59669f4
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changeset
|
1758 The major modes for SGML and HTML include indentation support and |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
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diff
changeset
|
1759 commands to operate on tags. This section describes the special |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1760 commands of these modes. (HTML mode is a slightly customized variant |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
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diff
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|
1761 of SGML mode.) |
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New node for SGML mode, etc.
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|
1762 |
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|
1763 @table @kbd |
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New node for SGML mode, etc.
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|
1764 @item C-c C-n |
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New node for SGML mode, etc.
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|
1765 @kindex C-c C-n @r{(SGML mode)} |
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|
1766 @findex sgml-name-char |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
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46209
diff
changeset
|
1767 Interactively specify a special character and insert the SGML |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
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46209
diff
changeset
|
1768 @samp{&}-command for that character. |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
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diff
changeset
|
1769 |
58b8a59669f4
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changeset
|
1770 @item C-c C-t |
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New node for SGML mode, etc.
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diff
changeset
|
1771 @kindex C-c C-t @r{(SGML mode)} |
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New node for SGML mode, etc.
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diff
changeset
|
1772 @findex sgml-tag |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
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diff
changeset
|
1773 Interactively specify a tag and its attributes (@code{sgml-tag}). |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
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diff
changeset
|
1774 This command asks you for a tag name and for the attribute values, |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1775 then inserts both the opening tag and the closing tag, leaving point |
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New node for SGML mode, etc.
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diff
changeset
|
1776 between them. |
58b8a59669f4
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diff
changeset
|
1777 |
58b8a59669f4
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changeset
|
1778 With a prefix argument @var{n}, the command puts the tag around the |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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46209
diff
changeset
|
1779 @var{n} words already present in the buffer after point. With |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1780 @minus{}1 as argument, it puts the tag around the region. (In |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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46209
diff
changeset
|
1781 Transient Mark mode, it does this whenever a region is active.) |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
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46209
diff
changeset
|
1782 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
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diff
changeset
|
1783 @item C-c C-a |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
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diff
changeset
|
1784 @kindex C-c C-a @r{(SGML mode)} |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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46209
diff
changeset
|
1785 @findex sgml-attributes |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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46209
diff
changeset
|
1786 Interactively insert attribute values for the current tag |
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1787 (@code{sgml-attributes}). |
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1788 |
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1789 @item C-c C-f |
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1790 @kindex C-c C-f @r{(SGML mode)} |
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1791 @findex sgml-skip-tag-forward |
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1792 Skip across a balanced tag group (which extends from an opening tag |
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1793 through its corresponding closing tag) (@code{sgml-skip-tag-forward}). |
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1794 A numeric argument acts as a repeat count. |
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|
1795 |
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|
1796 @item C-c C-b |
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1797 @kindex C-c C-b @r{(SGML mode)} |
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1798 @findex sgml-skip-tag-backward |
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1799 Skip backward across a balanced tag group (which extends from an |
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|
1800 opening tag through its corresponding closing tag) |
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|
1801 (@code{sgml-skip-tag-forward}). A numeric argument acts as a repeat |
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New node for SGML mode, etc.
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|
1802 count. |
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|
1803 |
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1804 @item C-c C-d |
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1805 @kindex C-c C-d @r{(SGML mode)} |
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1806 @findex sgml-delete-tag |
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1807 Delete the tag at or after point, and delete the matching tag too |
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1808 (@code{sgml-delete-tag}). If the tag at or after point is an opening |
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New node for SGML mode, etc.
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1809 tag, delete the closing tag too; if it is a closing tag, delete the |
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New node for SGML mode, etc.
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|
1810 opening tag too. |
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|
1811 |
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1812 @item C-c ? @var{tag} @key{RET} |
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1813 @kindex C-c ? @r{(SGML mode)} |
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1814 @findex sgml-tag-help |
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1815 Display a description of the meaning of tag @var{tag} |
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1816 (@code{sgml-tag-help}). If the argument @var{tag} is empty, describe |
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1817 the tag at point. |
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1818 |
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1819 @item C-c / |
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1820 @kindex C-c / @r{(SGML mode)} |
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1821 @findex sgml-close-tag |
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1822 Insert a close tag for the innermost unterminated tag |
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1823 (@code{sgml-close-tag}). If called from within a tag or a comment, |
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1824 close this element instead of inserting a close tag. |
46234
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1825 |
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1826 @item C-c 8 |
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1827 @kindex C-c 8 @r{(SGML mode)} |
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1828 @findex sgml-name-8bit-mode |
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1829 Toggle a minor mode in which Latin-1 characters insert the |
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1830 corresponding SGML commands that stand for them, instead of the |
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1831 characters themselves (@code{sgml-name-8bit-mode}). |
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1832 |
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1833 @item C-c C-v |
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1834 @kindex C-c C-v @r{(SGML mode)} |
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1835 @findex sgml-validate |
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1836 Run a shell command (which you must specify) to validate the current |
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1837 buffer as SGML (@code{sgml-validate}). |
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1838 |
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1839 @item C-x TAB |
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1840 @kindex C-c TAB @r{(SGML mode)} |
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1841 @findex sgml-tags-invisible |
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1842 Toggle the visibility of existing tags in the buffer. This can be |
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1843 used as a cheap preview. |
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1844 @end table |
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1845 |
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1846 @vindex sgml-xml-mode |
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1847 SGML mode and HTML mode support XML also. In XML, every opening tag |
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1848 must have an explicit closing tag. When @code{sgml-xml-mode} is |
68701 | 1849 non-@code{nil}, SGML mode and HTML mode always insert explicit |
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1850 closing tags. When you visit a file, these modes determine from the |
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1851 file contents whether it is XML or not, and set @code{sgml-xml-mode} |
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1852 accordingly, so that they do the right thing for the file in either |
46234
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1853 case. |
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1854 |
25829 | 1855 @node Nroff Mode |
1856 @section Nroff Mode | |
1857 | |
1858 @cindex nroff | |
1859 @findex nroff-mode | |
1860 Nroff mode is a mode like Text mode but modified to handle nroff commands | |
1861 present in the text. Invoke @kbd{M-x nroff-mode} to enter this mode. It | |
1862 differs from Text mode in only a few ways. All nroff command lines are | |
1863 considered paragraph separators, so that filling will never garble the | |
1864 nroff commands. Pages are separated by @samp{.bp} commands. Comments | |
1865 start with backslash-doublequote. Also, three special commands are | |
1866 provided that are not in Text mode: | |
1867 | |
1868 @findex forward-text-line | |
1869 @findex backward-text-line | |
1870 @findex count-text-lines | |
1871 @kindex M-n @r{(Nroff mode)} | |
1872 @kindex M-p @r{(Nroff mode)} | |
1873 @kindex M-? @r{(Nroff mode)} | |
1874 @table @kbd | |
1875 @item M-n | |
1876 Move to the beginning of the next line that isn't an nroff command | |
1877 (@code{forward-text-line}). An argument is a repeat count. | |
1878 @item M-p | |
1879 Like @kbd{M-n} but move up (@code{backward-text-line}). | |
1880 @item M-? | |
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1881 Displays in the echo area the number of text lines (lines that are not |
25829 | 1882 nroff commands) in the region (@code{count-text-lines}). |
1883 @end table | |
1884 | |
1885 @findex electric-nroff-mode | |
1886 The other feature of Nroff mode is that you can turn on Electric Nroff | |
1887 mode. This is a minor mode that you can turn on or off with @kbd{M-x | |
1888 electric-nroff-mode} (@pxref{Minor Modes}). When the mode is on, each | |
1889 time you use @key{RET} to end a line that contains an nroff command that | |
1890 opens a kind of grouping, the matching nroff command to close that | |
1891 grouping is automatically inserted on the following line. For example, | |
1892 if you are at the beginning of a line and type @kbd{.@: ( b @key{RET}}, | |
1893 this inserts the matching command @samp{.)b} on a new line following | |
1894 point. | |
1895 | |
1896 If you use Outline minor mode with Nroff mode (@pxref{Outline Mode}), | |
1897 heading lines are lines of the form @samp{.H} followed by a number (the | |
1898 header level). | |
1899 | |
1900 @vindex nroff-mode-hook | |
1901 Entering Nroff mode runs the hook @code{text-mode-hook}, followed by | |
1902 the hook @code{nroff-mode-hook} (@pxref{Hooks}). | |
1903 | |
1904 @node Formatted Text | |
1905 @section Editing Formatted Text | |
1906 | |
1907 @cindex Enriched mode | |
1908 @cindex mode, Enriched | |
1909 @cindex formatted text | |
1910 @cindex WYSIWYG | |
1911 @cindex word processing | |
1912 @dfn{Enriched mode} is a minor mode for editing files that contain | |
1913 formatted text in WYSIWYG fashion, as in a word processor. Currently, | |
1914 formatted text in Enriched mode can specify fonts, colors, underlining, | |
1915 margins, and types of filling and justification. In the future, we plan | |
1916 to implement other formatting features as well. | |
1917 | |
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1918 Enriched mode is a minor mode (@pxref{Minor Modes}). It is |
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1919 typically used in conjunction with Text mode (@pxref{Text Mode}), but |
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1920 you can also use it with other major modes such as Outline mode and |
25829 | 1921 Paragraph-Indent Text mode. |
1922 | |
30867 | 1923 @cindex text/enriched MIME format |
25829 | 1924 Potentially, Emacs can store formatted text files in various file |
1925 formats. Currently, only one format is implemented: @dfn{text/enriched} | |
1926 format, which is defined by the MIME protocol. @xref{Format | |
1927 Conversion,, Format Conversion, elisp, the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}, | |
1928 for details of how Emacs recognizes and converts file formats. | |
1929 | |
1930 The Emacs distribution contains a formatted text file that can serve as | |
1931 an example. Its name is @file{etc/enriched.doc}. It contains samples | |
1932 illustrating all the features described in this section. It also | |
1933 contains a list of ideas for future enhancements. | |
1934 | |
1935 @menu | |
1936 * Requesting Formatted Text:: Entering and exiting Enriched mode. | |
1937 * Hard and Soft Newlines:: There are two different kinds of newlines. | |
1938 * Editing Format Info:: How to edit text properties. | |
1939 * Faces: Format Faces. Bold, italic, underline, etc. | |
1940 * Color: Format Colors. Changing the color of text. | |
1941 * Indent: Format Indentation. Changing the left and right margins. | |
1942 * Justification: Format Justification. | |
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1943 Centering, setting text flush with the |
25829 | 1944 left or right margin, etc. |
1945 * Other: Format Properties. The "special" text properties submenu. | |
1946 * Forcing Enriched Mode:: How to force use of Enriched mode. | |
1947 @end menu | |
1948 | |
1949 @node Requesting Formatted Text | |
1950 @subsection Requesting to Edit Formatted Text | |
1951 | |
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1952 Whenever you visit a file that Emacs saved in the text/enriched |
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1953 format, Emacs automatically converts the formatting information in the |
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1954 file into Emacs's own internal format (known as @dfn{text |
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1955 properties}), and turns on Enriched mode. |
25829 | 1956 |
1957 @findex enriched-mode | |
1958 To create a new file of formatted text, first visit the nonexistent | |
1959 file, then type @kbd{M-x enriched-mode} before you start inserting text. | |
1960 This command turns on Enriched mode. Do this before you begin inserting | |
1961 text, to ensure that the text you insert is handled properly. | |
1962 | |
1963 More generally, the command @code{enriched-mode} turns Enriched mode | |
1964 on if it was off, and off if it was on. With a prefix argument, this | |
1965 command turns Enriched mode on if the argument is positive, and turns | |
1966 the mode off otherwise. | |
1967 | |
1968 When you save a buffer while Enriched mode is enabled in it, Emacs | |
1969 automatically converts the text to text/enriched format while writing it | |
1970 into the file. When you visit the file again, Emacs will automatically | |
1971 recognize the format, reconvert the text, and turn on Enriched mode | |
1972 again. | |
1973 | |
1974 @vindex enriched-translations | |
1975 You can add annotations for saving additional text properties, which | |
1976 Emacs normally does not save, by adding to @code{enriched-translations}. | |
1977 Note that the text/enriched standard requires any non-standard | |
1978 annotations to have names starting with @samp{x-}, as in | |
1979 @samp{x-read-only}. This ensures that they will not conflict with | |
1980 standard annotations that may be added later. | |
1981 | |
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1982 @xref{Text Properties,,, elisp, the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}, |
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1983 for more information about text properties. |
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1984 |
25829 | 1985 @node Hard and Soft Newlines |
1986 @subsection Hard and Soft Newlines | |
1987 @cindex hard newline | |
1988 @cindex soft newline | |
1989 @cindex newlines, hard and soft | |
1990 | |
59889 | 1991 @cindex use-hard-newlines |
25829 | 1992 In formatted text, Emacs distinguishes between two different kinds of |
59889 | 1993 newlines, @dfn{hard} newlines and @dfn{soft} newlines. (You can enable |
1994 or disable this feature separately in any buffer with the command | |
1995 @code{use-hard-newlines}.) | |
25829 | 1996 |
1997 Hard newlines are used to separate paragraphs, or items in a list, or | |
1998 anywhere that there should always be a line break regardless of the | |
1999 margins. The @key{RET} command (@code{newline}) and @kbd{C-o} | |
2000 (@code{open-line}) insert hard newlines. | |
2001 | |
2002 Soft newlines are used to make text fit between the margins. All the | |
2003 fill commands, including Auto Fill, insert soft newlines---and they | |
2004 delete only soft newlines. | |
2005 | |
2006 Although hard and soft newlines look the same, it is important to bear | |
2007 the difference in mind. Do not use @key{RET} to break lines in the | |
2008 middle of filled paragraphs, or else you will get hard newlines that are | |
2009 barriers to further filling. Instead, let Auto Fill mode break lines, | |
2010 so that if the text or the margins change, Emacs can refill the lines | |
2011 properly. @xref{Auto Fill}. | |
2012 | |
2013 On the other hand, in tables and lists, where the lines should always | |
2014 remain as you type them, you can use @key{RET} to end lines. For these | |
2015 lines, you may also want to set the justification style to | |
2016 @code{unfilled}. @xref{Format Justification}. | |
2017 | |
2018 @node Editing Format Info | |
2019 @subsection Editing Format Information | |
2020 | |
2021 There are two ways to alter the formatting information for a formatted | |
2022 text file: with keyboard commands, and with the mouse. | |
2023 | |
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2024 The easiest way to add properties to your document is with the Text |
25829 | 2025 Properties menu. You can get to this menu in two ways: from the Edit |
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2026 menu in the menu bar (use @kbd{@key{F10} e t} if you have no mouse), |
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|
2027 or with @kbd{C-Mouse-2} (hold the @key{CTRL} key and press the middle |
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|
2028 mouse button). There are also keyboard commands described in the |
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|
2029 following section. |
25829 | 2030 |
2031 Most of the items in the Text Properties menu lead to other submenus. | |
2032 These are described in the sections that follow. Some items run | |
2033 commands directly: | |
2034 | |
2035 @table @code | |
40778 | 2036 @findex facemenu-remove-face-props |
2037 @item Remove Face Properties | |
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2038 Delete from the region all face and color text properties |
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2039 (@code{facemenu-remove-face-props}). |
25829 | 2040 |
2041 @findex facemenu-remove-all | |
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2042 @item Remove Text Properties |
25829 | 2043 Delete @emph{all} text properties from the region |
2044 (@code{facemenu-remove-all}). | |
2045 | |
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2046 @findex describe-text-properties |
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2047 @cindex text properties of characters |
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2048 @cindex overlays at character position |
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2049 @cindex widgets at buffer position |
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2050 @cindex buttons at buffer position |
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2051 @item Describe Properties |
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2052 List all the text properties, widgets, buttons, and overlays of the |
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2053 character following point (@code{describe-text-properties}). |
25829 | 2054 |
2055 @item Display Faces | |
40778 | 2056 Display a list of all the defined faces (@code{list-faces-display}). |
25829 | 2057 |
2058 @item Display Colors | |
40778 | 2059 Display a list of all the defined colors (@code{list-colors-display}). |
25829 | 2060 @end table |
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2061 |
25829 | 2062 @node Format Faces |
2063 @subsection Faces in Formatted Text | |
2064 | |
2065 The Faces submenu lists various Emacs faces including @code{bold}, | |
2066 @code{italic}, and @code{underline}. Selecting one of these adds the | |
2067 chosen face to the region. @xref{Faces}. You can also specify a face | |
2068 with these keyboard commands: | |
2069 | |
2070 @table @kbd | |
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2071 @kindex M-o d @r{(Enriched mode)} |
25829 | 2072 @findex facemenu-set-default |
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2073 @item M-o d |
25829 | 2074 Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the @code{default} face |
2075 (@code{facemenu-set-default}). | |
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2076 @kindex M-o b @r{(Enriched mode)} |
25829 | 2077 @findex facemenu-set-bold |
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2078 @item M-o b |
25829 | 2079 Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the @code{bold} face |
2080 (@code{facemenu-set-bold}). | |
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2081 @kindex M-o i @r{(Enriched mode)} |
25829 | 2082 @findex facemenu-set-italic |
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2083 @item M-o i |
25829 | 2084 Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the @code{italic} face |
2085 (@code{facemenu-set-italic}). | |
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2086 @kindex M-o l @r{(Enriched mode)} |
25829 | 2087 @findex facemenu-set-bold-italic |
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2088 @item M-o l |
25829 | 2089 Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the @code{bold-italic} face |
2090 (@code{facemenu-set-bold-italic}). | |
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2091 @kindex M-o u @r{(Enriched mode)} |
25829 | 2092 @findex facemenu-set-underline |
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2093 @item M-o u |
25829 | 2094 Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the @code{underline} face |
2095 (@code{facemenu-set-underline}). | |
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2096 @kindex M-o o @r{(Enriched mode)} |
25829 | 2097 @findex facemenu-set-face |
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2098 @item M-o o @var{face} @key{RET} |
25829 | 2099 Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the face @var{face} |
2100 (@code{facemenu-set-face}). | |
2101 @end table | |
2102 | |
2103 If you use these commands with a prefix argument---or, in Transient Mark | |
2104 mode, if the region is not active---then these commands specify a face | |
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2105 to use for any immediately following self-inserting input. |
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2106 @xref{Transient Mark}. This applies to both the keyboard commands and |
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2107 the menu commands. |
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2108 |
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2109 Specifying the @code{default} face also resets foreground and |
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2110 background color to their defaults.(@pxref{Format Colors}). |
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2111 |
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2112 Any self-inserting character you type inherits, by default, the face |
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2113 properties (as well as most other text properties) of the preceding |
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2114 character. Specifying any face property, including foreground or |
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2115 background color, for your next self-inserting character will prevent |
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2116 it from inheriting any face properties from the preceding character, |
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2117 although it will still inherit other text properties. Characters |
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2118 inserted by yanking do not inherit text properties. |
25829 | 2119 |
2120 Enriched mode defines two additional faces: @code{excerpt} and | |
2121 @code{fixed}. These correspond to codes used in the text/enriched file | |
2122 format. | |
2123 | |
2124 The @code{excerpt} face is intended for quotations. This face is the | |
2125 same as @code{italic} unless you customize it (@pxref{Face Customization}). | |
2126 | |
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|
2127 The @code{fixed} face means, ``Use a fixed-width font for this part |
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2128 of the text.'' Applying the @code{fixed} face to a part of the text |
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|
2129 will cause that part of the text to appear in a fixed-width font, even |
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|
2130 if the default font is variable-width. This applies to Emacs and to |
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2131 other systems that display text/enriched format. So if you |
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2132 specifically want a certain part of the text to use a fixed-width |
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|
2133 font, you should specify the @code{fixed} face for that part. |
25829 | 2134 |
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2135 By default, the @code{fixed} face looks the same as @code{bold}. |
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2136 This is an attempt to distinguish it from @code{default}. You may |
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2137 wish to customize @code{fixed} to some other fixed-width medium font. |
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|
2138 @xref{Face Customization}. |
25829 | 2139 |
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|
2140 If your terminal cannot display different faces, you will not be |
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|
2141 able to see them, but you can still edit documents containing faces, |
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|
2142 and even add faces and colors to documents. The faces you specify |
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|
2143 will be visible when the file is viewed on a terminal that can display |
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|
2144 them. |
25829 | 2145 |
2146 @node Format Colors | |
2147 @subsection Colors in Formatted Text | |
2148 | |
2149 You can specify foreground and background colors for portions of the | |
2150 text. There is a menu for specifying the foreground color and a menu | |
2151 for specifying the background color. Each color menu lists all the | |
2152 colors that you have used in Enriched mode in the current Emacs session. | |
2153 | |
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2154 If you specify a color with a prefix argument---or, in Transient |
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2155 Mark mode, if the region is not active---then it applies to any |
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2156 immediately following self-inserting input. @xref{Transient Mark}. |
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2157 Otherwise, the command applies to the region. |
25829 | 2158 |
2159 Each color menu contains one additional item: @samp{Other}. You can use | |
2160 this item to specify a color that is not listed in the menu; it reads | |
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2161 the color name with the minibuffer. To display a list of available colors |
25829 | 2162 and their names, use the @samp{Display Colors} menu item in the Text |
2163 Properties menu (@pxref{Editing Format Info}). | |
2164 | |
2165 Any color that you specify in this way, or that is mentioned in a | |
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2166 formatted text file that you read in, is added to the corresponding |
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2167 color menu for the duration of the Emacs session. |
25829 | 2168 |
2169 @findex facemenu-set-foreground | |
2170 @findex facemenu-set-background | |
2171 There are no key bindings for specifying colors, but you can do so | |
2172 with the extended commands @kbd{M-x facemenu-set-foreground} and | |
2173 @kbd{M-x facemenu-set-background}. Both of these commands read the name | |
2174 of the color with the minibuffer. | |
2175 | |
2176 @node Format Indentation | |
2177 @subsection Indentation in Formatted Text | |
2178 | |
2179 When editing formatted text, you can specify different amounts of | |
2180 indentation for the right or left margin of an entire paragraph or a | |
2181 part of a paragraph. The margins you specify automatically affect the | |
2182 Emacs fill commands (@pxref{Filling}) and line-breaking commands. | |
2183 | |
2184 The Indentation submenu provides a convenient interface for specifying | |
2185 these properties. The submenu contains four items: | |
2186 | |
2187 @table @code | |
2188 @kindex C-x TAB @r{(Enriched mode)} | |
2189 @findex increase-left-margin | |
2190 @item Indent More | |
2191 Indent the region by 4 columns (@code{increase-left-margin}). In | |
2192 Enriched mode, this command is also available on @kbd{C-x @key{TAB}}; if | |
2193 you supply a numeric argument, that says how many columns to add to the | |
2194 margin (a negative argument reduces the number of columns). | |
2195 | |
2196 @item Indent Less | |
2197 Remove 4 columns of indentation from the region. | |
2198 | |
2199 @item Indent Right More | |
2200 Make the text narrower by indenting 4 columns at the right margin. | |
2201 | |
2202 @item Indent Right Less | |
2203 Remove 4 columns of indentation from the right margin. | |
2204 @end table | |
2205 | |
2206 You can use these commands repeatedly to increase or decrease the | |
2207 indentation. | |
2208 | |
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2209 The most common way to use them is to change the indentation of an |
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2210 entire paragraph. For other uses, the effects of refilling can be |
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2211 hard to predict, except in some special cases like the one described |
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2212 next. |
25829 | 2213 |
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2214 The most common other use is to format paragraphs with @dfn{hanging |
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2215 indents}, which means that the first line is indented less than |
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2216 subsequent lines. To set up a hanging indent, increase the |
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2217 indentation of the region starting after the first word of the |
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2218 paragraph and running until the end of the paragraph. |
25829 | 2219 |
2220 Indenting the first line of a paragraph is easier. Set the margin for | |
2221 the whole paragraph where you want it to be for the body of the | |
2222 paragraph, then indent the first line by inserting extra spaces or tabs. | |
2223 | |
2224 @vindex standard-indent | |
2225 The variable @code{standard-indent} specifies how many columns these | |
2226 commands should add to or subtract from the indentation. The default | |
2227 value is 4. The overall default right margin for Enriched mode is | |
2228 controlled by the variable @code{fill-column}, as usual. | |
2229 | |
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2230 @kindex C-c [ @r{(Enriched mode)} |
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2231 @kindex C-c ] @r{(Enriched mode)} |
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2232 @findex set-left-margin |
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2233 @findex set-right-margin |
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2234 There are also two commands for setting the left or right margin of |
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2235 the region absolutely: @code{set-left-margin} and |
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2236 @code{set-right-margin}. Enriched mode binds these commands to |
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2237 @kbd{C-c [} and @kbd{C-c ]}, respectively. You can specify the |
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2238 margin width either with a numeric argument or in the minibuffer. |
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2239 |
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2240 Sometimes, as a result of editing, the filling of a paragraph becomes |
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2241 messed up---parts of the paragraph may extend past the left or right |
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2242 margins. When this happens, use @kbd{M-q} (@code{fill-paragraph}) to |
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2243 refill the paragraph. |
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2244 |
25829 | 2245 The fill prefix, if any, works in addition to the specified paragraph |
2246 indentation: @kbd{C-x .} does not include the specified indentation's | |
2247 whitespace in the new value for the fill prefix, and the fill commands | |
2248 look for the fill prefix after the indentation on each line. @xref{Fill | |
2249 Prefix}. | |
2250 | |
2251 @node Format Justification | |
2252 @subsection Justification in Formatted Text | |
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2253 |
25829 | 2254 When editing formatted text, you can specify various styles of |
2255 justification for a paragraph. The style you specify automatically | |
2256 affects the Emacs fill commands. | |
2257 | |
2258 The Justification submenu provides a convenient interface for specifying | |
2259 the style. The submenu contains five items: | |
2260 | |
2261 @table @code | |
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2262 @item Left |
25829 | 2263 This is the most common style of justification (at least for English). |
2264 Lines are aligned at the left margin but left uneven at the right. | |
2265 | |
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2266 @item Right |
25829 | 2267 This aligns each line with the right margin. Spaces and tabs are added |
2268 on the left, if necessary, to make lines line up on the right. | |
2269 | |
2270 @item Full | |
2271 This justifies the text, aligning both edges of each line. Justified | |
2272 text looks very nice in a printed book, where the spaces can all be | |
2273 adjusted equally, but it does not look as nice with a fixed-width font | |
2274 on the screen. Perhaps a future version of Emacs will be able to adjust | |
2275 the width of spaces in a line to achieve elegant justification. | |
2276 | |
2277 @item Center | |
2278 This centers every line between the current margins. | |
2279 | |
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2280 @item Unfilled |
25829 | 2281 This turns off filling entirely. Each line will remain as you wrote it; |
2282 the fill and auto-fill functions will have no effect on text which has | |
2283 this setting. You can, however, still indent the left margin. In | |
2284 unfilled regions, all newlines are treated as hard newlines (@pxref{Hard | |
2285 and Soft Newlines}) . | |
2286 @end table | |
2287 | |
2288 In Enriched mode, you can also specify justification from the keyboard | |
2289 using the @kbd{M-j} prefix character: | |
2290 | |
2291 @table @kbd | |
2292 @kindex M-j l @r{(Enriched mode)} | |
2293 @findex set-justification-left | |
2294 @item M-j l | |
2295 Make the region left-filled (@code{set-justification-left}). | |
2296 @kindex M-j r @r{(Enriched mode)} | |
2297 @findex set-justification-right | |
2298 @item M-j r | |
2299 Make the region right-filled (@code{set-justification-right}). | |
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2300 @kindex M-j b @r{(Enriched mode)} |
25829 | 2301 @findex set-justification-full |
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2302 @item M-j b |
54477 | 2303 Make the region fully justified (@code{set-justification-full}). |
25829 | 2304 @kindex M-j c @r{(Enriched mode)} |
2305 @kindex M-S @r{(Enriched mode)} | |
2306 @findex set-justification-center | |
2307 @item M-j c | |
2308 @itemx M-S | |
2309 Make the region centered (@code{set-justification-center}). | |
2310 @kindex M-j u @r{(Enriched mode)} | |
2311 @findex set-justification-none | |
2312 @item M-j u | |
2313 Make the region unfilled (@code{set-justification-none}). | |
2314 @end table | |
2315 | |
2316 Justification styles apply to entire paragraphs. All the | |
2317 justification-changing commands operate on the paragraph containing | |
2318 point, or, if the region is active, on all paragraphs which overlap the | |
2319 region. | |
2320 | |
2321 @vindex default-justification | |
2322 The default justification style is specified by the variable | |
2323 @code{default-justification}. Its value should be one of the symbols | |
2324 @code{left}, @code{right}, @code{full}, @code{center}, or @code{none}. | |
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2325 This is a per-buffer variable. Setting the variable directly affects |
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2326 only the current buffer. However, customizing it in a Custom buffer |
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2327 sets (as always) the default value for buffers that do not override it. |
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2328 @xref{Locals}, and @ref{Easy Customization}. |
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2329 |
25829 | 2330 @node Format Properties |
2331 @subsection Setting Other Text Properties | |
2332 | |
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2333 The Special Properties menu lets you add or remove three other useful text |
25829 | 2334 properties: @code{read-only}, @code{invisible} and @code{intangible}. |
2335 The @code{intangible} property disallows moving point within the text, | |
2336 the @code{invisible} text property hides text from display, and the | |
2337 @code{read-only} property disallows alteration of the text. | |
2338 | |
2339 Each of these special properties has a menu item to add it to the | |
2340 region. The last menu item, @samp{Remove Special}, removes all of these | |
2341 special properties from the text in the region. | |
2342 | |
2343 Currently, the @code{invisible} and @code{intangible} properties are | |
2344 @emph{not} saved in the text/enriched format. The @code{read-only} | |
2345 property is saved, but it is not a standard part of the text/enriched | |
2346 format, so other editors may not respect it. | |
2347 | |
2348 @node Forcing Enriched Mode | |
2349 @subsection Forcing Enriched Mode | |
2350 | |
2351 Normally, Emacs knows when you are editing formatted text because it | |
2352 recognizes the special annotations used in the file that you visited. | |
2353 However, there are situations in which you must take special actions | |
2354 to convert file contents or turn on Enriched mode: | |
2355 | |
2356 @itemize @bullet | |
2357 @item | |
2358 When you visit a file that was created with some other editor, Emacs may | |
2359 not recognize the file as being in the text/enriched format. In this | |
2360 case, when you visit the file you will see the formatting commands | |
2361 rather than the formatted text. Type @kbd{M-x format-decode-buffer} to | |
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2362 translate it. This also automatically turns on Enriched mode. |
25829 | 2363 |
2364 @item | |
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2365 When you @emph{insert} a file into a buffer, rather than visiting it, |
25829 | 2366 Emacs does the necessary conversions on the text which you insert, but |
2367 it does not enable Enriched mode. If you wish to do that, type @kbd{M-x | |
2368 enriched-mode}. | |
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2369 @end itemize |
25829 | 2370 |
2371 The command @code{format-decode-buffer} translates text in various | |
2372 formats into Emacs's internal format. It asks you to specify the format | |
2373 to translate from; however, normally you can type just @key{RET}, which | |
2374 tells Emacs to guess the format. | |
2375 | |
2376 @findex format-find-file | |
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2377 If you wish to look at a text/enriched file in its raw form, as a |
25829 | 2378 sequence of characters rather than as formatted text, use the @kbd{M-x |
2379 find-file-literally} command. This visits a file, like | |
2380 @code{find-file}, but does not do format conversion. It also inhibits | |
2381 character code conversion (@pxref{Coding Systems}) and automatic | |
2382 uncompression (@pxref{Compressed Files}). To disable format conversion | |
2383 but allow character code conversion and/or automatic uncompression if | |
2384 appropriate, use @code{format-find-file} with suitable arguments. | |
2385 | |
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2386 @node Text Based Tables |
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2387 @section Editing Text-based Tables |
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2388 @cindex table mode |
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2389 @cindex text-based tables |
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2390 |
68701 | 2391 Table mode provides an easy and intuitive way to create and edit WYSIWYG |
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2392 text-based tables. Here is an example of such a table: |
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2393 |
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2394 @smallexample |
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2395 +-----------------+--------------------------------+-----------------+ |
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2396 | Command | Description | Key Binding | |
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2397 +-----------------+--------------------------------+-----------------+ |
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2398 | forward-char |Move point right N characters | C-f | |
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2399 | |(left if N is negative). | | |
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2400 | | | | |
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2401 | |On reaching end of buffer, stop | | |
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2402 | |and signal error. | | |
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2403 +-----------------+--------------------------------+-----------------+ |
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2404 | backward-char |Move point left N characters | C-b | |
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2405 | |(right if N is negative). | | |
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2406 | | | | |
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2407 | |On attempt to pass beginning or | | |
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2408 | |end of buffer, stop and signal | | |
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2409 | |error. | | |
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2410 +-----------------+--------------------------------+-----------------+ |
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2411 @end smallexample |
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2412 |
68701 | 2413 Table mode allows the contents of the table such as this one to be |
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2414 easily manipulated by inserting or deleting characters inside a cell. |
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2415 A cell is effectively a localized rectangular edit region and edits to |
57659 | 2416 a cell do not affect the contents of the surrounding cells. If the |
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2417 contents do not fit into a cell, then the cell is automatically |
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2418 expanded in the vertical and/or horizontal directions and the rest of |
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2419 the table is restructured and reformatted in accordance with the |
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2420 growth of the cell. |
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2421 |
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2422 @menu |
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2423 * Table Definition:: What is a text based table. |
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2424 * Table Creation:: How to create a table. |
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2425 * Table Recognition:: How to activate and deactivate tables. |
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2426 * Cell Commands:: Cell-oriented commands in a table. |
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2427 * Cell Justification:: Justifying cell contents. |
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2428 * Row Commands:: Manipulating rows of table cell. |
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2429 * Column Commands:: Manipulating columns of table cell. |
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2430 * Fixed Width Mode:: Fixing cell width. |
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2431 * Table Conversion:: Converting between plain text and tables. |
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2432 * Measuring Tables:: Analyzing table dimension. |
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2433 * Table Misc:: Table miscellany. |
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2434 @end menu |
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2435 |
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2436 @node Table Definition |
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2437 @subsection What is a Text-based Table? |
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2438 |
68701 | 2439 Keep the following examples of valid tables in mind as a reference |
2440 while you read this section: | |
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2441 |
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2442 @example |
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2443 +--+----+---+ +-+ +--+-----+ |
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2444 | | | | | | | | | |
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2445 +--+----+---+ +-+ | +--+--+ |
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2446 | | | | | | | | |
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2447 +--+----+---+ +--+--+ | |
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2448 | | | |
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2449 +-----+--+ |
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2450 @end example |
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2451 |
68701 | 2452 A table consists of a rectangular frame whose inside is divided into |
2453 cells. Each cell must be at least one character wide and one | |
2454 character high, not counting its border lines. A cell can be | |
2455 subdivided into multiple rectangular cells, but cells cannot overlap. | |
2456 | |
2457 The table frame and cell border lines are made of three special | |
2458 characters. These variables specify those characters: | |
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|
2459 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2460 @table @code |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2461 @vindex table-cell-vertical-char |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2462 @item table-cell-vertical-char |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2463 Holds the character used for vertical lines. The default value is |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2464 @samp{|}. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2465 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2466 @vindex table-cell-horizontal-char |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2467 @item table-cell-horizontal-char |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
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|
2468 Holds the character used for horizontal lines. The default value is |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2469 @samp{-}. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2470 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2471 @vindex table-cell-intersection-char |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2472 @item table-cell-intersection-char |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2473 Holds the character used at where horizontal line and vertical line |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2474 meet. The default value is @samp{+}. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2475 @end table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2476 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2477 @noindent |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2478 Based on this definition, the following five tables are examples of invalid |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2479 tables: |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2480 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2481 @example |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2482 +-----+ +-----+ +--+ +-++--+ ++ |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2483 | | | | | | | || | ++ |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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|
2484 | +-+ | | | | | | || | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2485 | | | | +--+ | +--+--+ +-++--+ |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2486 | +-+ | | | | | | | +-++--+ |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2487 | | | | | | | | | || | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2488 +-----+ +--+--+ +--+--+ +-++--+ |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2489 a b c d e |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2490 @end example |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2491 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2492 From left to right: |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2493 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2494 @enumerate a |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2495 @item |
68701 | 2496 Overlapped cells or non-rectangular cells are not allowed. |
57657
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2497 @item |
68701 | 2498 Same as a. |
57657
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2499 @item |
57659 | 2500 The border must be rectangular. |
57657
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2501 @item |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2502 Cells must have a minimum width/height of one character. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2503 @item |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2504 Same as d. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2505 @end enumerate |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2506 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2507 @node Table Creation |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2508 @subsection How to Create a Table? |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2509 @cindex create a text-based table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2510 @cindex table creation |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2511 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2512 @findex table-insert |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2513 The command to create a table is @code{table-insert}. When called |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2514 interactively, it asks for the number of columns, number of rows, cell |
68701 | 2515 width and cell height. The number of columns is the number of cells |
2516 horizontally side by side. The number of rows is the number of cells | |
2517 vertically within the table's height. The cell width is a number of | |
2518 characters that each cell holds, left to right. The cell height is a | |
2519 number of lines each cell holds. The cell width and the cell height | |
2520 can be either an integer (when the value is constant across the table) | |
2521 or a series of integer, separated by spaces or commas, where each | |
2522 number corresponds to the next cell within a row from left to right, | |
2523 or the next cell within a column from top to bottom. | |
57657
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2524 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2525 @node Table Recognition |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2526 @subsection Table Recognition |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2527 @cindex table recognition |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2528 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2529 @findex table-recognize |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2530 @findex table-unrecognize |
68701 | 2531 Table mode maintains special text properties in the buffer to allow |
57657
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2532 editing in a convenient fashion. When a buffer with tables is saved |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2533 to its file, these text properties are lost, so when you visit this |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2534 file again later, Emacs does not see a table, but just formatted text. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2535 To resurrect the table text properties, issue the @kbd{M-x |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2536 table-recognize} command. It scans the current buffer, recognizes |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2537 valid table cells, and attaches appropriate text properties to allow |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2538 for table editing. The converse command, @code{table-unrecognize}, is |
68701 | 2539 used to remove the special text properties and convert the buffer back |
57657
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2540 to plain text. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2541 |
68701 | 2542 Special commands exist to enable or disable tables within a region, |
57657
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2543 enable or disable individual tables, and enable/disable individual |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
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|
2544 cells. These commands are: |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2545 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2546 @table @kbd |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2547 @findex table-recognize-region |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2548 @item M-x table-recognize-region |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2549 Recognize tables within the current region and activate them. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2550 @findex table-unrecognize-region |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2551 @item M-x table-unrecognize-region |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2552 Deactivate tables within the current region. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2553 @findex table-recognize-table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2554 @item M-x table-recognize-table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2555 Recognize the table under point and activate it. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2556 @findex table-unrecognize-table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2557 @item M-x table-unrecognize-table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2558 Deactivate the table under point. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2559 @findex table-recognize-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2560 @item M-x table-recognize-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2561 Recognize the cell under point and activate it. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2562 @findex table-unrecognize-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2563 @item M-x table-unrecognize-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2564 Deactivate the cell under point. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2565 @end table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2566 |
9085c341d39f
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2567 For another way of converting text into tables, see @ref{Table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2568 Conversion}. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2569 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2570 @node Cell Commands |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2571 @subsection Commands for Table Cells |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2572 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2573 @findex table-forward-cell |
9085c341d39f
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parents:
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diff
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|
2574 @findex table-backward-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2575 The commands @code{table-forward-cell} and |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2576 @code{table-backward-cell} move point from the current cell to an |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2577 adjacent cell forward and backward respectively. The order of the |
68701 | 2578 cells is cyclic: when point is in the last cell of a table, typing |
2579 @kbd{M-x table-forward-cell} moves to the first cell in the table. | |
2580 Likewise @kbd{M-x table-backward-cell} from the first cell in a table | |
2581 moves to the last cell. | |
57657
9085c341d39f
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diff
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|
2582 |
9085c341d39f
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2583 @findex table-span-cell |
68819
a87d4de213c5
(Cell Commands): Clarifications.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
68701
diff
changeset
|
2584 The command @code{table-span-cell} merges the current cell with the |
a87d4de213c5
(Cell Commands): Clarifications.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
68701
diff
changeset
|
2585 adjacent cell in a specified direction---right, left, above or below. |
a87d4de213c5
(Cell Commands): Clarifications.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
68701
diff
changeset
|
2586 You specify the direction with the minibuffer. It does not allow |
a87d4de213c5
(Cell Commands): Clarifications.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
68701
diff
changeset
|
2587 merges which don't result in a legitimate cell layout. |
57657
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2588 |
9085c341d39f
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2589 @findex table-split-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2590 @cindex text-based tables, split a cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2591 @cindex split table cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2592 The command @code{table-split-cell} splits the current cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2593 vertically or horizontally. This command is a wrapper to the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2594 direction specific commands @code{table-split-cell-vertically} and |
68819
a87d4de213c5
(Cell Commands): Clarifications.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
68701
diff
changeset
|
2595 @code{table-split-cell-horizontally}. You specify the direction with |
a87d4de213c5
(Cell Commands): Clarifications.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
68701
diff
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|
2596 a minibuffer argument. |
57657
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|
2597 |
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|
2598 @findex table-split-cell-vertically |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2599 The command @code{table-split-cell-vertically} splits the current |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2600 cell vertically and creates a pair of cells above and below where |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2601 point is located. The content in the original cell is split as well. |
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|
2602 |
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|
2603 @findex table-split-cell-horizontally |
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parents:
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|
2604 The command @code{table-split-cell-horizontally} splits the current |
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parents:
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diff
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|
2605 cell horizontally and creates a pair of cells right and left of where |
68701 | 2606 point is located. If the cell being split is not empty, this asks you |
2607 how to handle the cell contents. The three options are: @code{split}, | |
2608 @code{left}, or @code{right}. @code{split} splits the contents at | |
2609 point literally, while the @code{left} and @code{right} options move | |
2610 the entire contents into the left or right cell respectively. | |
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|
2611 |
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|
2612 @cindex enlarge a table cell |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2613 @cindex shrink a table cell |
68701 | 2614 The next four commands enlarge or shrink a cell. They use numeric |
2615 arguments (@pxref{Arguments}) to specify how many columns or rows to | |
2616 enlarge or shrink a particular table. | |
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|
2617 |
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|
2618 @table @kbd |
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|
2619 @findex table-heighten-cell |
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|
2620 @item M-x table-heighten-cell |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2621 Enlarge the current cell vertically. |
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|
2622 @findex table-shorten-cell |
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|
2623 @item M-x table-shorten-cell |
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|
2624 Shrink the current cell vertically. |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2625 @findex table-widen-cell |
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|
2626 @item M-x table-widen-cell |
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parents:
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|
2627 Enlarge the current cell horizontally. |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2628 @findex table-narrow-cell |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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|
2629 @item M-x table-narrow-cell |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2630 Shrink the current cell horizontally. |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2631 @end table |
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|
2632 |
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|
2633 @node Cell Justification |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2634 @subsection Cell Justification |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2635 @cindex cell text justification |
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|
2636 |
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|
2637 You can specify text justification for each cell. The justification |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2638 is remembered independently for each cell and the subsequent editing |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2639 of cell contents is subject to the specified justification. |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2640 |
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changeset
|
2641 @findex table-justify |
68701 | 2642 The command @code{table-justify} ask you to specify what to justify: |
2643 a cell, a column, or a row. If you select cell justification, this | |
2644 command sets the justification only for the current cell. Selecting | |
2645 column or row justification sets the justification for all the cells | |
2646 within a column or row respectively. The command then ask you which | |
2647 kind of justification to apply: @code{left}, @code{center}, | |
2648 @code{right}, @code{top}, @code{middle}, @code{bottom}, or | |
2649 @code{none}. Horizontal justification and vertical justification are | |
2650 specified independently. The options @code{left}, @code{center}, and | |
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|
2651 @code{right} specify horizontal justification while the options |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2652 @code{top}, @code{middle}, @code{bottom}, and @code{none} specify |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2653 vertical justification. The vertical justification @code{none} |
68701 | 2654 effectively removes vertical justification. Horizontal justification |
2655 must be one of @code{left}, @code{center}, or @code{right}. | |
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|
2656 |
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|
2657 @vindex table-detect-cell-alignment |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2658 Justification information is stored in the buffer as a part of text |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2659 property. Therefore, this information is ephemeral and does not |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2660 survive through the loss of the buffer (closing the buffer and |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2661 revisiting the buffer erase any previous text properties). To |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2662 countermand for this, the command @code{table-recognize} and other |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2663 recognition commands (@pxref{Table Recognition}) are equipped with a |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2664 convenience feature (turned on by default). During table recognition, |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2665 the contents of a cell are examined to determine which justification |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2666 was originally applied to the cell and then applies this justification |
64463
286c76cc00c3
(Cell Justification): Delete duplicate words.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents:
63544
diff
changeset
|
2667 to the cell. This is a speculative algorithm and is therefore not |
57657
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2668 perfect, however, the justification is deduced correctly most of the |
68701 | 2669 time. To disable this feature, customize the variable |
2670 @code{table-detect-cell-alignment} and set it to @code{nil}. | |
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|
2671 |
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diff
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|
2672 @node Row Commands |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2673 @subsection Commands for Table Rows |
9085c341d39f
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2674 @cindex table row commands |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2675 |
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|
2676 @cindex insert row in table |
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parents:
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|
2677 @findex table-insert-row |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2678 The command @code{table-insert-row} inserts a row of cells before |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2679 the current row in a table. The current row where point is located is |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2680 pushed down after the newly inserted row. A numeric prefix argument |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2681 specifies the number of rows to insert. Note that in order to insert |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2682 rows @emph{after} the last row at the bottom of a table, you must |
68701 | 2683 place point below the table---that is, outside the table---prior to |
57657
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|
2684 invoking this command. |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2685 |
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|
2686 @cindex delete row in table |
9085c341d39f
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2687 @findex table-delete-row |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2688 The command @code{table-delete-row} deletes a row of cells at point. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2689 A numeric prefix argument specifies the number of rows to delete. |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2690 |
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|
2691 @node Column Commands |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2692 @subsection Commands for Table Columns |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2693 @cindex table column commands |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2694 |
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|
2695 @cindex insert column in table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2696 @findex table-insert-column |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2697 The command @code{table-insert-column} inserts a column of cells to |
68701 | 2698 the left of the current row in a table. This pushes the current |
2699 column to the right. To insert a column to the right side of the | |
2700 rightmost column, place point to the right of the rightmost column, | |
2701 which is outside of the table, prior to invoking this command. A | |
2702 numeric prefix argument specifies the number of columns to insert. | |
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|
2703 |
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|
2704 @cindex delete column in table |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2705 A command @code{table-delete-column} deletes a column of cells at |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2706 point. A numeric prefix argument specifies the number of columns to |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2707 delete. |
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diff
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|
2708 |
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|
2709 @node Fixed Width Mode |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2710 @subsection Fix Width of Cells |
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|
2711 @cindex fix width of table cells |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2712 |
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|
2713 @findex table-fixed-width-mode |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2714 The command @code{table-fixed-width-mode} toggles fixed width mode |
68701 | 2715 on and off. When fixed width mode is turned on, editing inside a |
57657
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diff
changeset
|
2716 cell never changes the cell width; when it is off, the cell width |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2717 expands automatically in order to prevent a word from being folded |
68701 | 2718 into multiple lines. By default, fixed width mode is disabled. |
57657
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|
2719 |
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|
2720 @node Table Conversion |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2721 @subsection Conversion Between Plain Text and Tables |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2722 @cindex text to table |
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|
2723 @cindex table to text |
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|
2724 |
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|
2725 @findex table-capture |
9085c341d39f
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diff
changeset
|
2726 The command @code{table-capture} captures plain text in a region and |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2727 turns it into a table. Unlike @code{table-recognize} (@pxref{Table |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2728 Recognition}), the original text does not have a table appearance but |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2729 may hold a logical table structure. For example, some elements |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2730 separated by known patterns form a two dimensional structure which can |
68701 | 2731 be turned into a table. |
2732 | |
2733 Here's an example of data that @code{table-capture} can operate on. | |
2734 The numbers are horizontally separated by a comma and vertically | |
2735 separated by a newline character. | |
57657
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|
2736 |
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diff
changeset
|
2737 @example |
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diff
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|
2738 1, 2, 3, 4 |
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|
2739 5, 6, 7, 8 |
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|
2740 , 9, 10 |
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|
2741 @end example |
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|
2742 |
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|
2743 @noindent |
68701 | 2744 Invoking @kbd{M-x table-capture} on that text produces this table: |
57657
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|
2745 |
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|
2746 @example |
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|
2747 +-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
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|
2748 |1 |2 |3 |4 | |
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|
2749 +-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
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|
2750 |5 |6 |7 |8 | |
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|
2751 +-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
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|
2752 | |9 |10 | | |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2753 +-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
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|
2754 @end example |
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|
2755 |
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|
2756 @noindent |
68701 | 2757 The conversion uses @samp{,} for the column delimiter and newline for |
2758 a row delimiter, cells are left justified, and minimum cell width is | |
2759 5. | |
57657
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|
2760 |
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|
2761 @findex table-release |
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|
2762 The command @code{table-release} does the opposite of |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2763 @code{table-capture}. It releases a table by removing the table frame |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2764 and cell borders. This leaves the table contents as plain text. One |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2765 of the useful applications of @code{table-capture} and |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2766 @code{table-release} is to edit a text in layout. Look at the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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|
2767 following three paragraphs (the latter two are indented with header |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2768 lines): |
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|
2769 |
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|
2770 @example |
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|
2771 @samp{table-capture} is a powerful command however mastering its power |
68701 | 2772 requires some practice. Here are some things it can do: |
57657
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|
2773 |
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|
2774 Parse Cell Items By using column delimiter regular |
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|
2775 expression and raw delimiter regular |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2776 expression, it parses the specified text |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2777 area and extracts cell items from |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2778 non-table text and then forms a table out |
9085c341d39f
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2779 of them. |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2780 |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2781 Capture Text Area When no delimiters are specified it |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2782 creates a single cell table. The text in |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2783 the specified region is placed in that |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2784 cell. |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2785 @end example |
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|
2786 |
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|
2787 @noindent |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2788 Applying @code{table-capture} to a region containing the above three |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2789 paragraphs, with empty strings for column delimiter regexp and row |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2790 delimiter regexp, creates a table with a single cell like the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2791 following one. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2792 |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2793 @c The first line's right-hand frame in the following two examples |
57659 | 2794 @c sticks out to accommodate for the removal of @samp in the |
57657
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2795 @c produced output!! |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2796 @example |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2797 +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ |
68701 | 2798 |@samp{table-capture} is a powerful command, but mastering its | |
2799 |power requires some practice. Here are some things it can do: | | |
57657
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|
2800 | | |
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|
2801 |Parse Cell Items By using column delimiter regular | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2802 | expression and raw delimiter regular | |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2803 | expression, it parses the specified text | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2804 | area and extracts cell items from | |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2805 | non-table text and then forms a table out | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2806 | of them. | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2807 | | |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2808 |Capture Text Area When no delimiters are specified it | |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2809 | creates a single cell table. The text in | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2810 | the specified region is placed in that | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2811 | cell. | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2812 +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2813 @end example |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2814 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2815 @noindent |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2816 By splitting the cell appropriately we now have a table consisting of |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2817 paragraphs occupying its own cell. Each cell can now be edited |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2818 independently without affecting the layout of other cells. |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2819 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2820 @example |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2821 +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ |
68701 | 2822 |@samp{table-capture} is a powerful command, but mastering its | |
2823 |power requires some practice. Here are some things it can do: | | |
57657
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|
2824 +---------------------+-------------------------------------------+ |
9085c341d39f
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|
2825 |Parse Cell Items |By using column delimiter regular | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2826 | |expression and raw delimiter regular | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2827 | |expression, it parses the specified text | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2828 | |area and extracts cell items from | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2829 | |non-table text and then forms a table out | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2830 | |of them. | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2831 +---------------------+-------------------------------------------+ |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2832 |Capture Text Area |When no delimiters are specified it | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2833 | |creates a single cell table. The text in | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2834 | |the specified region is placed in that | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2835 | |cell. | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2836 +---------------------+-------------------------------------------+ |
9085c341d39f
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|
2837 @end example |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2838 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2839 @noindent |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2840 By applying @code{table-release}, which does the opposite process, the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2841 contents become once again plain text. @code{table-release} works as |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2842 a companion command to @code{table-capture}. |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2843 |
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|
2844 @node Measuring Tables |
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|
2845 @subsection Analyzing Table Dimensions |
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|
2846 @cindex table dimensions |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2847 |
9085c341d39f
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|
2848 @findex table-query-dimension |
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diff
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|
2849 The command @code{table-query-dimension} analyzes a table structure |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2850 and reports information regarding its dimensions. In case of the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2851 above example table, the @code{table-query-dimension} command displays |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2852 in echo area: |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2853 |
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|
2854 @smallexample |
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|
2855 Cell: (21w, 6h), Table: (67w, 16h), Dim: (2c, 3r), Total Cells: 5 |
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|
2856 @end smallexample |
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|
2857 |
9085c341d39f
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|
2858 @noindent |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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changeset
|
2859 This indicates that the current cell is 21 character wide and 6 lines |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2860 high, the entire table is 67 characters wide and 16 lines high. The |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2861 table has 2 columns and 3 rows. It has a total of 5 cells, since the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2862 first row has a spanned cell. |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2863 |
9085c341d39f
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|
2864 @node Table Misc |
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|
2865 @subsection Table Miscellany |
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|
2866 |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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changeset
|
2867 @cindex insert string into table cells |
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changeset
|
2868 @findex table-insert-sequence |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2869 The command @code{table-insert-sequence} inserts a string into each |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2870 cell. Each string is a part of a sequence i.e.@: a series of |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2871 increasing integer numbers. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2872 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2873 @cindex table in language format |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2874 @cindex table for HTML and LaTeX |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2875 @findex table-generate-source |
68701 | 2876 The command @code{table-generate-source} generates a table formatted |
57657
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2877 for a specific markup language. It asks for a language (which must be |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2878 one of @code{html}, @code{latex}, or @code{cals}), a destination |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2879 buffer where to put the result, and the table caption (a string), and |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2880 then inserts the generated table in the proper syntax into the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2881 destination buffer. The default destination buffer is |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2882 @code{table.@var{lang}}, where @var{lang} is the language you |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2883 specified. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2884 |
52401 | 2885 @ignore |
2886 arch-tag: 8db54ed8-2036-49ca-b0df-23811d03dc70 | |
2887 @end ignore |