annotate man/msdog.texi @ 65606:3fc5b25a4406

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author Michael Albinus <michael.albinus@gmx.de>
date Sun, 18 Sep 2005 20:01:57 +0000
parents 3723093a21fd
children bb56c788af45 2d92f5c9d6ae
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1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual.
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001,
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3 @c 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
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5 @node MS-DOS, Manifesto, Mac OS, Top
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6 @appendix Emacs and MS-DOS
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7 @cindex MS-DOG
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8 @cindex MS-DOS peculiarities
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9
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10 This section briefly describes the peculiarities of using Emacs under
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11 the MS-DOS ``operating system'' (also known as ``MS-DOG''). If you
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12 build Emacs for MS-DOS, the binary will also run on Windows 3.X, Windows
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13 NT, Windows 9X/ME, Windows 2000, or OS/2 as a DOS application; the
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14 information in this chapter applies for all of those systems, if you use
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15 an Emacs that was built for MS-DOS.
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16
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17 Note that it is possible to build Emacs specifically for Windows NT/2K
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18 or Windows 9X/ME. If you do that, most of this chapter does not apply;
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19 instead, you get behavior much closer to what is documented in the rest
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20 of the manual, including support for long file names, multiple frames,
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21 scroll bars, mouse menus, and subprocesses. However, the section on
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22 text files and binary files does still apply. There are also two
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23 sections at the end of this chapter which apply specifically for the
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24 Windows version.
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25
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26 @menu
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27 * Keyboard: MS-DOS Keyboard. Keyboard conventions on MS-DOS.
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28 * Mouse: MS-DOS Mouse. Mouse conventions on MS-DOS.
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29 * Display: MS-DOS Display. Fonts, frames and display size on MS-DOS.
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30 * Files: MS-DOS File Names. File name conventions on MS-DOS.
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31 * Text and Binary:: Text files on MS-DOS use CRLF to separate lines.
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32 * Printing: MS-DOS Printing. How to specify the printer on MS-DOS.
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33 * I18N: MS-DOS and MULE. Support for internationalization on MS-DOS.
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34 * Processes: MS-DOS Processes. Running subprocesses on MS-DOS.
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35 * Windows Processes:: Running subprocesses on Windows.
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36 * Windows System Menu:: Controlling what the ALT key does.
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37 @end menu
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38
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39 @node MS-DOS Keyboard
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40 @section Keyboard Usage on MS-DOS
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41
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42 @kindex DEL @r{(MS-DOS)}
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43 @kindex BS @r{(MS-DOS)}
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44 The key that is called @key{DEL} in Emacs (because that's how it is
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45 designated on most workstations) is known as @key{BS} (backspace) on a
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46 PC. That is why the PC-specific terminal initialization remaps the
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47 @key{BS} key to act as @key{DEL}; the @key{DELETE} key is remapped to act
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48 as @kbd{C-d} for the same reasons.
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49
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50 @kindex C-g @r{(MS-DOS)}
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51 @kindex C-BREAK @r{(MS-DOS)}
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52 @cindex quitting on MS-DOS
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53 Emacs built for MS-DOS recognizes @kbd{C-@key{BREAK}} as a quit
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54 character, just like @kbd{C-g}. This is because Emacs cannot detect
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55 that you have typed @kbd{C-g} until it is ready for more input. As a
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56 consequence, you cannot use @kbd{C-g} to stop a running command
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57 (@pxref{Quitting}). By contrast, @kbd{C-@key{BREAK}} @emph{is} detected
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58 as soon as you type it (as @kbd{C-g} is on other systems), so it can be
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59 used to stop a running command and for emergency escape
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60 (@pxref{Emergency Escape}).
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61
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62 @cindex Meta (under MS-DOS)
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63 @cindex Hyper (under MS-DOS)
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64 @cindex Super (under MS-DOS)
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65 @vindex dos-super-key
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66 @vindex dos-hyper-key
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67 The PC keyboard maps use the left @key{ALT} key as the @key{META} key.
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68 You have two choices for emulating the @key{SUPER} and @key{HYPER} keys:
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69 choose either the right @key{CTRL} key or the right @key{ALT} key by
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70 setting the variables @code{dos-hyper-key} and @code{dos-super-key} to 1
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71 or 2 respectively. If neither @code{dos-super-key} nor
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72 @code{dos-hyper-key} is 1, then by default the right @key{ALT} key is
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73 also mapped to the @key{META} key. However, if the MS-DOS international
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74 keyboard support program @file{KEYB.COM} is installed, Emacs will
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75 @emph{not} map the right @key{ALT} to @key{META}, since it is used for
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76 accessing characters like @kbd{~} and @kbd{@@} on non-US keyboard
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77 layouts; in this case, you may only use the left @key{ALT} as @key{META}
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78 key.
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79
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80 @kindex C-j @r{(MS-DOS)}
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81 @vindex dos-keypad-mode
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82 The variable @code{dos-keypad-mode} is a flag variable that controls
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83 what key codes are returned by keys in the numeric keypad. You can also
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84 define the keypad @key{ENTER} key to act like @kbd{C-j}, by putting the
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85 following line into your @file{_emacs} file:
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86
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87 @smallexample
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88 ;; @r{Make the @key{ENTER} key from the numeric keypad act as @kbd{C-j}.}
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89 (define-key function-key-map [kp-enter] [?\C-j])
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90 @end smallexample
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91
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92 @node MS-DOS Mouse
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93 @section Mouse Usage on MS-DOS
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94
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95 @cindex mouse support under MS-DOS
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96 Emacs on MS-DOS supports a mouse (on the default terminal only).
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97 The mouse commands work as documented, including those that use menus
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98 and the menu bar (@pxref{Menu Bar}). Scroll bars don't work in
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99 MS-DOS Emacs. PC mice usually have only two buttons; these act as
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100 @kbd{Mouse-1} and @kbd{Mouse-2}, but if you press both of them
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101 together, that has the effect of @kbd{Mouse-3}. If the mouse does have
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102 3 buttons, Emacs detects that at startup, and all the 3 buttons function
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103 normally, as on X.
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104
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105 Help strings for menu-bar and pop-up menus are displayed in the echo
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106 area when the mouse pointer moves across the menu items.
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107 Highlighting of mouse-sensitive text (@pxref{Mouse References}) is also
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108 supported.
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109
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110 @cindex mouse, set number of buttons
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111 @findex msdos-set-mouse-buttons
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112 Some versions of mouse drivers don't report the number of mouse
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113 buttons correctly. For example, mice with a wheel report that they
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114 have 3 buttons, but only 2 of them are passed to Emacs; the clicks on
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115 the wheel, which serves as the middle button, are not passed. In
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116 these cases, you can use the @kbd{M-x msdos-set-mouse-buttons} command
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117 to tell Emacs how many mouse buttons to expect. You could make such a
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118 setting permanent by adding this fragment to your @file{_emacs} init
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119 file:
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120
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121 @example
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122 ;; @r{Treat the mouse like a 2-button mouse.}
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123 (msdos-set-mouse-buttons 2)
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124 @end example
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125
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126 @cindex Windows clipboard support
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127 Emacs built for MS-DOS supports clipboard operations when it runs on
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128 Windows. Commands that put text on the kill ring, or yank text from the
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129 ring, check the Windows clipboard first, just as Emacs does on the X
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130 Window System (@pxref{Mouse Commands}). Only the primary selection and
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131 the cut buffer are supported by MS-DOS Emacs on Windows; the secondary
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132 selection always appears as empty.
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133
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134 Due to the way clipboard access is implemented by Windows, the
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135 length of text you can put into the clipboard is limited by the amount
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136 of free DOS memory that is available to Emacs. Usually, up to 620KB of
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137 text can be put into the clipboard, but this limit depends on the system
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138 configuration and is lower if you run Emacs as a subprocess of
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139 another program. If the killed text does not fit, Emacs outputs a
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140 message saying so, and does not put the text into the clipboard.
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141
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142 Null characters also cannot be put into the Windows clipboard. If the
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143 killed text includes null characters, Emacs does not put such text into
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144 the clipboard, and displays in the echo area a message to that effect.
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145
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146 @vindex dos-display-scancodes
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147 The variable @code{dos-display-scancodes}, when non-@code{nil},
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148 directs Emacs to display the @acronym{ASCII} value and the keyboard scan code of
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149 each keystroke; this feature serves as a complement to the
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150 @code{view-lossage} command, for debugging.
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151
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152 @node MS-DOS Display
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153 @section Display on MS-DOS
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154 @cindex faces under MS-DOS
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155 @cindex fonts, emulating under MS-DOS
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156
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157 Display on MS-DOS cannot use font variants, like bold or italic,
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158 but it does support
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159 multiple faces, each of which can specify a foreground and a background
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160 color. Therefore, you can get the full functionality of Emacs packages
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161 that use fonts (such as @code{font-lock}, Enriched Text mode, and
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162 others) by defining the relevant faces to use different colors. Use the
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163 @code{list-colors-display} command (@pxref{Frame Parameters}) and the
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164 @code{list-faces-display} command (@pxref{Faces}) to see what colors and
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165 faces are available and what they look like.
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166
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167 @xref{MS-DOS and MULE}, later in this chapter, for information on
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168 how Emacs displays glyphs and characters that aren't supported by the
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169 native font built into the DOS display.
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170
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171 @cindex cursor shape on MS-DOS
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172 When Emacs starts, it changes the cursor shape to a solid box. This
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173 is for compatibility with other systems, where the box cursor is the
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174 default in Emacs. This default shape can be changed to a bar by
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175 specifying the @code{cursor-type} parameter in the variable
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176 @code{default-frame-alist} (@pxref{Creating Frames}). The MS-DOS
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177 terminal doesn't support a vertical-bar cursor, so the bar cursor is
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178 horizontal, and the @code{@var{width}} parameter, if specified by the
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179 frame parameters, actually determines its height. For this reason,
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180 the @code{bar} and @code{hbar} cursor types produce the same effect on
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181 MS-DOS. As an extension, the bar cursor specification can include the
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182 starting scan line of the cursor as well as its width, like this:
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183
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184 @example
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185 '(cursor-type bar @var{width} . @var{start})
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186 @end example
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187
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188 @noindent
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189 In addition, if the @var{width} parameter is negative, the cursor bar
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190 begins at the top of the character cell.
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191
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192 @cindex frames on MS-DOS
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193 The MS-DOS terminal can only display a single frame at a time. The
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194 Emacs frame facilities work on MS-DOS much as they do on text-only
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195 terminals (@pxref{Frames}). When you run Emacs from a DOS window on
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196 MS-Windows, you can make the visible frame smaller than the full
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197 screen, but Emacs still cannot display more than a single frame at a
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198 time.
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199
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200 @cindex frame size under MS-DOS
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201 @findex mode4350
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202 @findex mode25
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203 The @code{mode4350} command switches the display to 43 or 50
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204 lines, depending on your hardware; the @code{mode25} command switches
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205 to the default 80x25 screen size.
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206
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207 By default, Emacs only knows how to set screen sizes of 80 columns by
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208 25, 28, 35, 40, 43 or 50 rows. However, if your video adapter has
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209 special video modes that will switch the display to other sizes, you can
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210 have Emacs support those too. When you ask Emacs to switch the frame to
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211 @var{n} rows by @var{m} columns dimensions, it checks if there is a
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212 variable called @code{screen-dimensions-@var{n}x@var{m}}, and if so,
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213 uses its value (which must be an integer) as the video mode to switch
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214 to. (Emacs switches to that video mode by calling the BIOS @code{Set
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215 Video Mode} function with the value of
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216 @code{screen-dimensions-@var{n}x@var{m}} in the @code{AL} register.)
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217 For example, suppose your adapter will switch to 66x80 dimensions when
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218 put into video mode 85. Then you can make Emacs support this screen
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219 size by putting the following into your @file{_emacs} file:
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220
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221 @example
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222 (setq screen-dimensions-66x80 85)
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223 @end example
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224
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225 Since Emacs on MS-DOS can only set the frame size to specific
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226 supported dimensions, it cannot honor every possible frame resizing
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227 request. When an unsupported size is requested, Emacs chooses the next
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228 larger supported size beyond the specified size. For example, if you
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229 ask for 36x80 frame, you will get 40x80 instead.
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230
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231 The variables @code{screen-dimensions-@var{n}x@var{m}} are used only
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232 when they exactly match the specified size; the search for the next
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233 larger supported size ignores them. In the above example, even if your
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234 VGA supports 38x80 dimensions and you define a variable
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235 @code{screen-dimensions-38x80} with a suitable value, you will still get
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236 40x80 screen when you ask for a 36x80 frame. If you want to get the
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237 38x80 size in this case, you can do it by setting the variable named
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238 @code{screen-dimensions-36x80} with the same video mode value as
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239 @code{screen-dimensions-38x80}.
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240
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241 Changing frame dimensions on MS-DOS has the effect of changing all the
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242 other frames to the new dimensions.
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243
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244 @node MS-DOS File Names
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245 @section File Names on MS-DOS
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246 @cindex file names under MS-DOS
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247 @cindex init file, default name under MS-DOS
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248
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249 MS-DOS normally uses a backslash, @samp{\}, to separate name units
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250 within a file name, instead of the slash used on other systems. Emacs
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251 on MS-DOS permits use of either slash or backslash, and also knows
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252 about drive letters in file names.
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253
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254 On MS-DOS, file names are case-insensitive and limited to eight
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255 characters, plus optionally a period and three more characters. Emacs
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256 knows enough about these limitations to handle file names that were
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257 meant for other operating systems. For instance, leading dots @samp{.}
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258 in file names are invalid in MS-DOS, so Emacs transparently converts
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259 them to underscores @samp{_}; thus your default init file (@pxref{Init
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260 File}) is called @file{_emacs} on MS-DOS. Excess characters before or
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261 after the period are generally ignored by MS-DOS itself; thus, if you
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262 visit the file @file{LongFileName.EvenLongerExtension}, you will
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263 silently get @file{longfile.eve}, but Emacs will still display the long
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264 file name on the mode line. Other than that, it's up to you to specify
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265 file names which are valid under MS-DOS; the transparent conversion as
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266 described above only works on file names built into Emacs.
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267
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268 @cindex backup file names on MS-DOS
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269 The above restrictions on the file names on MS-DOS make it almost
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270 impossible to construct the name of a backup file (@pxref{Backup
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271 Names}) without losing some of the original file name characters. For
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272 example, the name of a backup file for @file{docs.txt} is
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273 @file{docs.tx~} even if single backup is used.
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274
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275 @cindex file names under Windows 95/NT
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276 @cindex long file names in DOS box under Windows 95/NT
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277 If you run Emacs as a DOS application under Windows 9X, Windows ME, or
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278 Windows 2000, you can turn on support for long file names. If you do
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279 that, Emacs doesn't truncate file names or convert them to lower case;
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280 instead, it uses the file names that you specify, verbatim. To enable
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281 long file name support, set the environment variable @env{LFN} to
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282 @samp{y} before starting Emacs. Unfortunately, Windows NT doesn't allow
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283 DOS programs to access long file names, so Emacs built for MS-DOS will
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284 only see their short 8+3 aliases.
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285
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286 @cindex @env{HOME} directory under MS-DOS
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287 MS-DOS has no notion of home directory, so Emacs on MS-DOS pretends
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288 that the directory where it is installed is the value of the @env{HOME}
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289 environment variable. That is, if your Emacs binary,
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290 @file{emacs.exe}, is in the directory @file{c:/utils/emacs/bin}, then
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291 Emacs acts as if @env{HOME} were set to @samp{c:/utils/emacs}. In
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292 particular, that is where Emacs looks for the init file @file{_emacs}.
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293 With this in mind, you can use @samp{~} in file names as an alias for
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294 the home directory, as you would on GNU or Unix. You can also set
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295 @env{HOME} variable in the environment before starting Emacs; its
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296 value will then override the above default behavior.
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297
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298 Emacs on MS-DOS handles the directory name @file{/dev} specially,
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299 because of a feature in the emulator libraries of DJGPP that pretends
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300 I/O devices have names in that directory. We recommend that you avoid
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301 using an actual directory named @file{/dev} on any disk.
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302
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303 @node Text and Binary
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304 @section Text Files and Binary Files
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305 @cindex text and binary files on MS-DOS/MS-Windows
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306
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307 GNU Emacs uses newline characters to separate text lines. This is the
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308 convention used on GNU and Unix.
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309
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310 @cindex end-of-line conversion on MS-DOS/MS-Windows
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311 MS-DOS and MS-Windows normally use carriage-return linefeed, a
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312 two-character sequence, to separate text lines. (Linefeed is the same
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313 character as newline.) Therefore, convenient editing of typical files
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314 with Emacs requires conversion of these end-of-line (EOL) sequences.
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315 And that is what Emacs normally does: it converts carriage-return
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316 linefeed into newline when reading files, and converts newline into
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317 carriage-return linefeed when writing files. The same mechanism that
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318 handles conversion of international character codes does this conversion
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319 also (@pxref{Coding Systems}).
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320
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321 @cindex cursor location, on MS-DOS
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322 @cindex point location, on MS-DOS
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323 One consequence of this special format-conversion of most files is
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324 that character positions as reported by Emacs (@pxref{Position Info}) do
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325 not agree with the file size information known to the operating system.
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326
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327 In addition, if Emacs recognizes from a file's contents that it uses
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328 newline rather than carriage-return linefeed as its line separator, it
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329 does not perform EOL conversion when reading or writing that file.
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330 Thus, you can read and edit files from GNU and Unix systems on MS-DOS
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331 with no special effort, and they will retain their Unix-style
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332 end-of-line convention after you edit them.
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333
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334 The mode line indicates whether end-of-line translation was used for
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335 the current buffer. If MS-DOS end-of-line translation is in use for the
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336 buffer, a backslash @samp{\} is displayed after the coding system
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337 mnemonic near the beginning of the mode line (@pxref{Mode Line}). If no
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338 EOL translation was performed, the string @samp{(Unix)} is displayed
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339 instead of the backslash, to alert you that the file's EOL format is not
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340 the usual carriage-return linefeed.
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341
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342 @cindex DOS-to-Unix conversion of files
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343 To visit a file and specify whether it uses DOS-style or Unix-style
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344 end-of-line, specify a coding system (@pxref{Specify Coding}). For
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345 example, @kbd{C-x @key{RET} c unix @key{RET} C-x C-f foobar.txt}
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346 visits the file @file{foobar.txt} without converting the EOLs; if some
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347 line ends with a carriage-return linefeed pair, Emacs will display
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348 @samp{^M} at the end of that line. Similarly, you can direct Emacs to
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349 save a buffer in a specified EOL format with the @kbd{C-x @key{RET} f}
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350 command. For example, to save a buffer with Unix EOL format, type
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351 @kbd{C-x @key{RET} f unix @key{RET} C-x C-s}. If you visit a file
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352 with DOS EOL conversion, then save it with Unix EOL format, that
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353 effectively converts the file to Unix EOL style, like @code{dos2unix}.
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354
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355 @cindex untranslated file system
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356 @findex add-untranslated-filesystem
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357 When you use NFS or Samba to access file systems that reside on
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358 computers using GNU or Unix systems, Emacs should not perform
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359 end-of-line translation on any files in these file systems---not even
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360 when you create a new file. To request this, designate these file
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361 systems as @dfn{untranslated} file systems by calling the function
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362 @code{add-untranslated-filesystem}. It takes one argument: the file
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363 system name, including a drive letter and optionally a directory. For
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364 example,
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365
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366 @example
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367 (add-untranslated-filesystem "Z:")
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368 @end example
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369
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370 @noindent
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371 designates drive Z as an untranslated file system, and
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372
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373 @example
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374 (add-untranslated-filesystem "Z:\\foo")
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375 @end example
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376
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377 @noindent
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378 designates directory @file{\foo} on drive Z as an untranslated file
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379 system.
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380
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381 Most often you would use @code{add-untranslated-filesystem} in your
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382 @file{_emacs} file, or in @file{site-start.el} so that all the users at
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383 your site get the benefit of it.
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384
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385 @findex remove-untranslated-filesystem
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386 To countermand the effect of @code{add-untranslated-filesystem}, use
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387 the function @code{remove-untranslated-filesystem}. This function takes
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388 one argument, which should be a string just like the one that was used
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389 previously with @code{add-untranslated-filesystem}.
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390
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391 Designating a file system as untranslated does not affect character
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392 set conversion, only end-of-line conversion. Essentially, it directs
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393 Emacs to create new files with the Unix-style convention of using
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394 newline at the end of a line. @xref{Coding Systems}.
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395
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396 @vindex file-name-buffer-file-type-alist
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397 @cindex binary files, on MS-DOS/MS-Windows
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398 Some kinds of files should not be converted at all, because their
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399 contents are not really text. Therefore, Emacs on MS-DOS distinguishes
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400 certain files as @dfn{binary files}. (This distinction is not part of
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401 MS-DOS; it is made by Emacs only.) Binary files include executable
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402 programs, compressed archives, etc. Emacs uses the file name to decide
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403 whether to treat a file as binary: the variable
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404 @code{file-name-buffer-file-type-alist} defines the file-name patterns
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405 that indicate binary files. If a file name matches one of the patterns
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406 for binary files (those whose associations are of the type
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407 @code{(@var{pattern} . t)}, Emacs reads and writes that file using the
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408 @code{no-conversion} coding system (@pxref{Coding Systems}) which turns
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409 off @emph{all} coding-system conversions, not only the EOL conversion.
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410 @code{file-name-buffer-file-type-alist} also includes file-name patterns
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411 for files which are known to be DOS-style text files with
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412 carriage-return linefeed EOL format, such as @file{CONFIG.SYS}; Emacs
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413 always writes those files with DOS-style EOLs.
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414
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415 If a file which belongs to an untranslated file system matches one of
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416 the file-name patterns in @code{file-name-buffer-file-type-alist}, the
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417 EOL conversion is determined by @code{file-name-buffer-file-type-alist}.
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418
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419 @node MS-DOS Printing
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420 @section Printing and MS-DOS
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421
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422 Printing commands, such as @code{lpr-buffer} (@pxref{Printing}) and
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423 @code{ps-print-buffer} (@pxref{PostScript}) can work in MS-DOS and
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parents: 24095
diff changeset
424 MS-Windows by sending the output to one of the printer ports, if a
38865
62e02f5ae533 Avoid saying "Unix" in a way that includes GNU.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38788
diff changeset
425 Posix-style @code{lpr} program is unavailable. The same Emacs
63008
914349ead656 (MS-DOS Printing, MS-DOS Processes): Change Hardcopy xref to Printing.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 60110
diff changeset
426 variables control printing on all systems, but in some cases they have
914349ead656 (MS-DOS Printing, MS-DOS Processes): Change Hardcopy xref to Printing.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 60110
diff changeset
427 different default values on MS-DOS and MS-Windows.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
428
24723
8576297b8add *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 24715
diff changeset
429 @vindex printer-name @r{(MS-DOS)}
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
430 If you want to use your local printer, printing on it in the usual DOS
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
431 manner, then set the Lisp variable @code{lpr-command} to @code{""} (its
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
432 default value) and @code{printer-name} to the name of the printer
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
433 port---for example, @code{"PRN"}, the usual local printer port (that's
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
434 the default), or @code{"LPT2"}, or @code{"COM1"} for a serial printer.
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
435 You can also set @code{printer-name} to a file name, in which case
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
436 ``printed'' output is actually appended to that file. If you set
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
437 @code{printer-name} to @code{"NUL"}, printed output is silently
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
438 discarded (sent to the system null device).
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
439
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
440 On MS-Windows, when the Windows network software is installed, you can
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
441 also use a printer shared by another machine by setting
56165
920d5b4fe0a2 * msdog.texi (Text and Binary, MS-DOS Printing): Use m-dash.
Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
parents: 52979
diff changeset
442 @code{printer-name} to the UNC share name for that printer---for example,
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
443 @code{"//joes_pc/hp4si"}. (It doesn't matter whether you use forward
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
444 slashes or backslashes here.) To find out the names of shared printers,
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
445 run the command @samp{net view} at a DOS command prompt to obtain a list
24731
d305965638f7 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 24723
diff changeset
446 of servers, and @samp{net view @var{server-name}} to see the names of printers
34293
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
447 (and directories) shared by that server. Alternatively, click the
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
448 @samp{Network Neighborhood} icon on your desktop, and look for machines
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
449 which share their printers via the network.
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
450
36978
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
451 @cindex @samp{net use}, and printing on MS-Windows
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
452 @cindex networked printers (MS-Windows)
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
453 If the printer doesn't appear in the output of @samp{net view}, or
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
454 if setting @code{printer-name} to the UNC share name doesn't produce a
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
455 hardcopy on that printer, you can use the @samp{net use} command to
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
456 connect a local print port such as @code{"LPT2"} to the networked
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
457 printer. For example, typing @kbd{net use LPT2:
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
458 \\joes_pc\hp4si}@footnote{
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
459 Note that the @samp{net use} command requires the UNC share name to be
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
460 typed with the Windows-style backslashes, while the value of
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
461 @code{printer-name} can be set with either forward- or backslashes.}
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
462 causes Windows to @dfn{capture} the LPT2 port and redirect the printed
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
463 material to the printer connected to the machine @code{joes_pc}.
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
464 After this command, setting @code{printer-name} to @code{"LPT2"}
37081
71fe12822bf3 Fix last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36978
diff changeset
465 should produce the hardcopy on the networked printer.
36978
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
466
38052
9408156a3159 (MS-DOS Printing): Mention that printer port can be redirected via
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37847
diff changeset
467 With some varieties of Windows network software, you can instruct
38788
0f05936702f1 Minor cleanup.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38052
diff changeset
468 Windows to capture a specific printer port such as @code{"LPT2"}, and
38052
9408156a3159 (MS-DOS Printing): Mention that printer port can be redirected via
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37847
diff changeset
469 redirect it to a networked printer via the @w{@code{Control
9408156a3159 (MS-DOS Printing): Mention that printer port can be redirected via
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37847
diff changeset
470 Panel->Printers}} applet instead of @samp{net use}.
9408156a3159 (MS-DOS Printing): Mention that printer port can be redirected via
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37847
diff changeset
471
52979
3649390c0f91 Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
472 Some printers expect DOS codepage encoding of non-@acronym{ASCII} text, even
34293
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
473 though they are connected to a Windows machine which uses a different
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
474 encoding for the same locale. For example, in the Latin-1 locale, DOS
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
475 uses codepage 850 whereas Windows uses codepage 1252. @xref{MS-DOS and
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
476 MULE}. When you print to such printers from Windows, you can use the
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
477 @kbd{C-x RET c} (@code{universal-coding-system-argument}) command before
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
478 @kbd{M-x lpr-buffer}; Emacs will then convert the text to the DOS
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
479 codepage that you specify. For example, @kbd{C-x RET c cp850-dos RET
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
480 M-x lpr-region RET} will print the region while converting it to the
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
481 codepage 850 encoding. You may need to create the @code{cp@var{nnn}}
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
482 coding system with @kbd{M-x codepage-setup}.
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
483
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
484 If you set @code{printer-name} to a file name, it's best to use an
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
485 absolute file name. Emacs changes the working directory according to
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
486 the default directory of the current buffer, so if the file name in
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
487 @code{printer-name} is relative, you will end up with several such
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
488 files, each one in the directory of the buffer from which the printing
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
489 was done.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
490
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
491 @findex print-buffer @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
492 @findex print-region @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
493 @vindex lpr-headers-switches @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
494 The commands @code{print-buffer} and @code{print-region} call the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
495 @code{pr} program, or use special switches to the @code{lpr} program, to
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
496 produce headers on each printed page. MS-DOS and MS-Windows don't
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
497 normally have these programs, so by default, the variable
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
498 @code{lpr-headers-switches} is set so that the requests to print page
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
499 headers are silently ignored. Thus, @code{print-buffer} and
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
500 @code{print-region} produce the same output as @code{lpr-buffer} and
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
501 @code{lpr-region}, respectively. If you do have a suitable @code{pr}
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
502 program (for example, from GNU Textutils), set
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
503 @code{lpr-headers-switches} to @code{nil}; Emacs will then call
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
504 @code{pr} to produce the page headers, and print the resulting output as
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
505 specified by @code{printer-name}.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
506
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
507 @vindex print-region-function @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
508 @cindex lpr usage under MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
509 @vindex lpr-command @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
510 @vindex lpr-switches @r{(MS-DOS)}
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
511 Finally, if you do have an @code{lpr} work-alike, you can set the
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
512 variable @code{lpr-command} to @code{"lpr"}. Then Emacs will use
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
513 @code{lpr} for printing, as on other systems. (If the name of the
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
514 program isn't @code{lpr}, set @code{lpr-command} to specify where to
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
515 find it.) The variable @code{lpr-switches} has its standard meaning
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
516 when @code{lpr-command} is not @code{""}. If the variable
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
517 @code{printer-name} has a string value, it is used as the value for the
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
518 @code{-P} option to @code{lpr}, as on Unix.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
519
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
520 @findex ps-print-buffer @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
521 @findex ps-spool-buffer @r{(MS-DOS)}
24715
384b7e895346 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 24615
diff changeset
522 @vindex ps-printer-name @r{(MS-DOS)}
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
523 @vindex ps-lpr-command @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
524 @vindex ps-lpr-switches @r{(MS-DOS)}
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
525 A parallel set of variables, @code{ps-lpr-command},
27213
4e05d28c0a39 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 24731
diff changeset
526 @code{ps-lpr-switches}, and @code{ps-printer-name} (@pxref{PostScript
24564
099921772183 Minor change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24113
diff changeset
527 Variables}), defines how PostScript files should be printed. These
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
528 variables are used in the same way as the corresponding variables
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
529 described above for non-PostScript printing. Thus, the value of
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
530 @code{ps-printer-name} is used as the name of the device (or file) to
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
531 which PostScript output is sent, just as @code{printer-name} is used for
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
532 non-PostScript printing. (There are two distinct sets of variables in
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
533 case you have two printers attached to two different ports, and only one
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
534 of them is a PostScript printer.)
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
535
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
536 The default value of the variable @code{ps-lpr-command} is @code{""},
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
537 which causes PostScript output to be sent to the printer port specified
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
538 by @code{ps-printer-name}, but @code{ps-lpr-command} can also be set to
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
539 the name of a program which will accept PostScript files. Thus, if you
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
540 have a non-PostScript printer, you can set this variable to the name of
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
541 a PostScript interpreter program (such as Ghostscript). Any switches
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
542 that need to be passed to the interpreter program are specified using
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
543 @code{ps-lpr-switches}. (If the value of @code{ps-printer-name} is a
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
544 string, it will be added to the list of switches as the value for the
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
545 @code{-P} option. This is probably only useful if you are using
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
546 @code{lpr}, so when using an interpreter typically you would set
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
547 @code{ps-printer-name} to something other than a string so it is
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
548 ignored.)
24095
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parents:
diff changeset
549
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parents:
diff changeset
550 For example, to use Ghostscript for printing on an Epson printer
24715
384b7e895346 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 24615
diff changeset
551 connected to the @samp{LPT2} port, put this in your @file{_emacs} file:
24095
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parents:
diff changeset
552
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parents:
diff changeset
553 @example
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
554 (setq ps-printer-name t) ; Ghostscript doesn't understand -P
24095
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parents:
diff changeset
555 (setq ps-lpr-command "c:/gs/gs386")
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parents:
diff changeset
556 (setq ps-lpr-switches '("-q" "-dNOPAUSE"
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parents:
diff changeset
557 "-sDEVICE=epson"
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parents:
diff changeset
558 "-r240x72"
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parents:
diff changeset
559 "-sOutputFile=LPT2"
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
560 "-Ic:/gs"))
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parents:
diff changeset
561 @end example
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parents:
diff changeset
562
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parents:
diff changeset
563 @noindent
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parents:
diff changeset
564 (This assumes that Ghostscript is installed in the @file{"c:/gs"}
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
565 directory.)
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
566
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
567 @vindex dos-printer
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
568 @vindex dos-ps-printer
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
569 For backwards compatibility, the value of @code{dos-printer}
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
570 (@code{dos-ps-printer}), if it has a value, overrides the value of
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
571 @code{printer-name} (@code{ps-printer-name}), on MS-DOS and MS-Windows
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
572 only.
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
573
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
574
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575 @node MS-DOS and MULE
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parents:
diff changeset
576 @section International Support on MS-DOS
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parents:
diff changeset
577 @cindex international support @r{(MS-DOS)}
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parents:
diff changeset
578
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
579 Emacs on MS-DOS supports the same international character sets as it
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62e02f5ae533 Avoid saying "Unix" in a way that includes GNU.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38788
diff changeset
580 does on GNU, Unix and other platforms (@pxref{International}), including
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parents:
diff changeset
581 coding systems for converting between the different character sets.
38865
62e02f5ae533 Avoid saying "Unix" in a way that includes GNU.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38788
diff changeset
582 However, due to incompatibilities between MS-DOS/MS-Windows and other systems,
62e02f5ae533 Avoid saying "Unix" in a way that includes GNU.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38788
diff changeset
583 there are several DOS-specific aspects of this support that you should
24095
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parents:
diff changeset
584 be aware of. This section describes these aspects.
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parents:
diff changeset
585
64742
ebc7b3a7aa24 (MS-DOS and MULE): Clarify that this section is for the MS-DOS port only.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 63008
diff changeset
586 The description below is largely specific to the MS-DOS port of
ebc7b3a7aa24 (MS-DOS and MULE): Clarify that this section is for the MS-DOS port only.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 63008
diff changeset
587 Emacs, especially where it talks about practical implications for
ebc7b3a7aa24 (MS-DOS and MULE): Clarify that this section is for the MS-DOS port only.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 63008
diff changeset
588 Emacs users. For other operating systems, see the @file{code-pages.el}
ebc7b3a7aa24 (MS-DOS and MULE): Clarify that this section is for the MS-DOS port only.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 63008
diff changeset
589 package, which implements support for MS-DOS- and MS-Windows-specific
ebc7b3a7aa24 (MS-DOS and MULE): Clarify that this section is for the MS-DOS port only.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 63008
diff changeset
590 encodings for all platforms other than MS-DOS.
ebc7b3a7aa24 (MS-DOS and MULE): Clarify that this section is for the MS-DOS port only.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 63008
diff changeset
591
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diff changeset
592 @table @kbd
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parents:
diff changeset
593 @item M-x dos-codepage-setup
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
594 Set up Emacs display and coding systems as appropriate for the current
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
595 DOS codepage.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
596
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
597 @item M-x codepage-setup
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
598 Create a coding system for a certain DOS codepage.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
599 @end table
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
600
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
601 @cindex codepage, MS-DOS
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
602 @cindex DOS codepages
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
603 MS-DOS is designed to support one character set of 256 characters at
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
604 any given time, but gives you a variety of character sets to choose
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
605 from. The alternative character sets are known as @dfn{DOS codepages}.
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3649390c0f91 Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
606 Each codepage includes all 128 @acronym{ASCII} characters, but the other 128
24095
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
607 characters (codes 128 through 255) vary from one codepage to another.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
608 Each DOS codepage is identified by a 3-digit number, such as 850, 862,
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
609 etc.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
610
35188
94d46968a93f Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34293
diff changeset
611 In contrast to X, which lets you use several fonts at the same time,
37264
ff4c34a90065 (MS-DOS and MULE): Make the wording about a single-codepage-until-reboot
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37244
diff changeset
612 MS-DOS normally doesn't allow use of several codepages in a single
ff4c34a90065 (MS-DOS and MULE): Make the wording about a single-codepage-until-reboot
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37244
diff changeset
613 session. MS-DOS was designed to load a single codepage at system
ff4c34a90065 (MS-DOS and MULE): Make the wording about a single-codepage-until-reboot
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37244
diff changeset
614 startup, and require you to reboot in order to change
60110
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
615 it@footnote{Normally, one particular codepage is burnt into the
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
616 display memory, while other codepages can be installed by modifying
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
617 system configuration files, such as @file{CONFIG.SYS}, and rebooting.
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
618 While there is third-party software that allows changing the codepage
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
619 without rebooting, we describe here how a stock MS-DOS system
37264
ff4c34a90065 (MS-DOS and MULE): Make the wording about a single-codepage-until-reboot
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37244
diff changeset
620 behaves.}. Much the same limitation applies when you run DOS
24095
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parents:
diff changeset
621 executables on other systems such as MS-Windows.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
622
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
623 @cindex unibyte operation @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
624 If you invoke Emacs on MS-DOS with the @samp{--unibyte} option
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
625 (@pxref{Initial Options}), Emacs does not perform any conversion of
52979
3649390c0f91 Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
626 non-@acronym{ASCII} characters. Instead, it reads and writes any non-@acronym{ASCII}
24095
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
627 characters verbatim, and sends their 8-bit codes to the display
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
628 verbatim. Thus, unibyte Emacs on MS-DOS supports the current codepage,
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
629 whatever it may be, but cannot even represent any other characters.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
630
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
631 @vindex dos-codepage
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
632 For multibyte operation on MS-DOS, Emacs needs to know which
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
633 characters the chosen DOS codepage can display. So it queries the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
634 system shortly after startup to get the chosen codepage number, and
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
635 stores the number in the variable @code{dos-codepage}. Some systems
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
636 return the default value 437 for the current codepage, even though the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
637 actual codepage is different. (This typically happens when you use the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
638 codepage built into the display hardware.) You can specify a different
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
639 codepage for Emacs to use by setting the variable @code{dos-codepage} in
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
640 your init file.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
641
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
642 @cindex language environment, automatic selection on @r{MS-DOS}
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393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
643 Multibyte Emacs supports only certain DOS codepages: those which can
24594
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
644 display Far-Eastern scripts, like the Japanese codepage 932, and those
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
645 that encode a single ISO 8859 character set.
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
646
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
647 The Far-Eastern codepages can directly display one of the MULE
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
648 character sets for these countries, so Emacs simply sets up to use the
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
649 appropriate terminal coding system that is supported by the codepage.
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
650 The special features described in the rest of this section mostly
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
651 pertain to codepages that encode ISO 8859 character sets.
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
652
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
653 For the codepages which correspond to one of the ISO character sets,
24615
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
654 Emacs knows the character set name based on the codepage number. Emacs
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
655 automatically creates a coding system to support reading and writing
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
656 files that use the current codepage, and uses this coding system by
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
657 default. The name of this coding system is @code{cp@var{nnn}}, where
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
658 @var{nnn} is the codepage number.@footnote{The standard Emacs coding
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
659 systems for ISO 8859 are not quite right for the purpose, because
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
660 typically the DOS codepage does not match the standard ISO character
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
661 codes. For example, the letter @samp{@,{c}} (@samp{c} with cedilla) has
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
662 code 231 in the standard Latin-1 character set, but the corresponding
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
663 DOS codepage 850 uses code 135 for this glyph.}
24095
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parents:
diff changeset
664
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
665 @cindex mode line @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
666 All the @code{cp@var{nnn}} coding systems use the letter @samp{D} (for
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
667 ``DOS'') as their mode-line mnemonic. Since both the terminal coding
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
668 system and the default coding system for file I/O are set to the proper
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
669 @code{cp@var{nnn}} coding system at startup, it is normal for the mode
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
670 line on MS-DOS to begin with @samp{-DD\-}. @xref{Mode Line}.
24594
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
671 Far-Eastern DOS terminals do not use the @code{cp@var{nnn}} coding
38865
62e02f5ae533 Avoid saying "Unix" in a way that includes GNU.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38788
diff changeset
672 systems, and thus their initial mode line looks like the Emacs default.
24095
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
673
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
674 Since the codepage number also indicates which script you are using,
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
675 Emacs automatically runs @code{set-language-environment} to select the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
676 language environment for that script (@pxref{Language Environments}).
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
677
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
678 If a buffer contains a character belonging to some other ISO 8859
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
679 character set, not the one that the chosen DOS codepage supports, Emacs
52979
3649390c0f91 Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
680 displays it using a sequence of @acronym{ASCII} characters. For example, if the
24095
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
681 current codepage doesn't have a glyph for the letter @samp{@`o} (small
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
682 @samp{o} with a grave accent), it is displayed as @samp{@{`o@}}, where
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
683 the braces serve as a visual indication that this is a single character.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
684 (This may look awkward for some non-Latin characters, such as those from
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
685 Greek or Hebrew alphabets, but it is still readable by a person who
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
686 knows the language.) Even though the character may occupy several
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
687 columns on the screen, it is really still just a single character, and
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
688 all Emacs commands treat it as one.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
689
37244
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
690 @cindex IBM graphics characters (MS-DOS)
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
691 @cindex box-drawing characters (MS-DOS)
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
692 @cindex line-drawing characters (MS-DOS)
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
693 Not all characters in DOS codepages correspond to ISO 8859
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
694 characters---some are used for other purposes, such as box-drawing
37244
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
695 characters and other graphics. Emacs maps these characters to two
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
696 special character sets called @code{eight-bit-control} and
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
697 @code{eight-bit-graphic}, and displays them as their IBM glyphs.
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
698 However, you should be aware that other systems might display these
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
699 characters differently, so you should avoid them in text that might be
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
700 copied to a different operating system, or even to another DOS machine
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
701 that uses a different codepage.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
702
37244
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
703 @vindex dos-unsupported-character-glyph
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
704 Emacs supports many other characters sets aside from ISO 8859, but it
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
705 cannot display them on MS-DOS. So if one of these multibyte characters
24113
fd1968847853 (MS-DOS and MULE): dos-unsupported-character-glyph is
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24096
diff changeset
706 appears in a buffer, Emacs on MS-DOS displays them as specified by the
fd1968847853 (MS-DOS and MULE): dos-unsupported-character-glyph is
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24096
diff changeset
707 @code{dos-unsupported-character-glyph} variable; by default, this glyph
fd1968847853 (MS-DOS and MULE): dos-unsupported-character-glyph is
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24096
diff changeset
708 is an empty triangle. Use the @kbd{C-u C-x =} command to display the
fd1968847853 (MS-DOS and MULE): dos-unsupported-character-glyph is
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24096
diff changeset
709 actual code and character set of such characters. @xref{Position Info}.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
710
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
711 @findex codepage-setup
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
712 By default, Emacs defines a coding system to support the current
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
713 codepage. To define a coding system for some other codepage (e.g., to
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
714 visit a file written on a DOS machine in another country), use the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
715 @kbd{M-x codepage-setup} command. It prompts for the 3-digit code of
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
716 the codepage, with completion, then creates the coding system for the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
717 specified codepage. You can then use the new coding system to read and
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
718 write files, but you must specify it explicitly for the file command
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
719 when you want to use it (@pxref{Specify Coding}).
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
720
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
721 These coding systems are also useful for visiting a file encoded using
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
722 a DOS codepage, using Emacs running on some other operating system.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
723
34293
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
724 @cindex MS-Windows codepages
36169
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
725 MS-Windows provides its own codepages, which are different from the
34293
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
726 DOS codepages for the same locale. For example, DOS codepage 850
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
727 supports the same character set as Windows codepage 1252; DOS codepage
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
728 855 supports the same character set as Windows codepage 1251, etc.
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
729 The MS-Windows version of Emacs uses the current codepage for display
64742
ebc7b3a7aa24 (MS-DOS and MULE): Clarify that this section is for the MS-DOS port only.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 63008
diff changeset
730 when invoked with the @samp{-nw} option. Support for codepages in the
ebc7b3a7aa24 (MS-DOS and MULE): Clarify that this section is for the MS-DOS port only.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 63008
diff changeset
731 Windows port of Emacs is part of the @file{code-pages.el} package.
34293
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
732
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
733 @node MS-DOS Processes
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
734 @section Subprocesses on MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
735
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
736 @cindex compilation under MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
737 @cindex inferior processes under MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
738 @findex compile @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
739 @findex grep @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
740 Because MS-DOS is a single-process ``operating system,''
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
741 asynchronous subprocesses are not available. In particular, Shell
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
742 mode and its variants do not work. Most Emacs features that use
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
743 asynchronous subprocesses also don't work on MS-DOS, including
31060
d24cddac1e33 Document that ispell works, and mention Eshell as an alternative
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31057
diff changeset
744 Shell mode and GUD. When in doubt, try and see; commands that
38869
8be184904f6c Don't use "print" for displaying a message.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38865
diff changeset
745 don't work output an error message saying that asynchronous processes
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
746 aren't supported.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
747
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
748 Compilation under Emacs with @kbd{M-x compile}, searching files with
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
749 @kbd{M-x grep} and displaying differences between files with @kbd{M-x
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
750 diff} do work, by running the inferior processes synchronously. This
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
751 means you cannot do any more editing until the inferior process
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
752 finishes.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
753
31060
d24cddac1e33 Document that ispell works, and mention Eshell as an alternative
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31057
diff changeset
754 Spell checking also works, by means of special support for synchronous
d24cddac1e33 Document that ispell works, and mention Eshell as an alternative
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31057
diff changeset
755 invocation of the @code{ispell} program. This is slower than the
38865
62e02f5ae533 Avoid saying "Unix" in a way that includes GNU.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38788
diff changeset
756 asynchronous invocation on other platforms
31060
d24cddac1e33 Document that ispell works, and mention Eshell as an alternative
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31057
diff changeset
757
d24cddac1e33 Document that ispell works, and mention Eshell as an alternative
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31057
diff changeset
758 Instead of the Shell mode, which doesn't work on MS-DOS, you can use
d24cddac1e33 Document that ispell works, and mention Eshell as an alternative
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31057
diff changeset
759 the @kbd{M-x eshell} command. This invokes the Eshell package that
38865
62e02f5ae533 Avoid saying "Unix" in a way that includes GNU.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38788
diff changeset
760 implements a Posix-like shell entirely in Emacs Lisp.
31060
d24cddac1e33 Document that ispell works, and mention Eshell as an alternative
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31057
diff changeset
761
60110
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
762 By contrast, Emacs compiled as a native Windows application
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
763 @strong{does} support asynchronous subprocesses. @xref{Windows
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
764 Processes}.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
765
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
766 @cindex printing under MS-DOS
63008
914349ead656 (MS-DOS Printing, MS-DOS Processes): Change Hardcopy xref to Printing.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 60110
diff changeset
767 Printing commands, such as @code{lpr-buffer} (@pxref{Printing}) and
27213
4e05d28c0a39 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 24731
diff changeset
768 @code{ps-print-buffer} (@pxref{PostScript}), work in MS-DOS by sending
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
769 the output to one of the printer ports. @xref{MS-DOS Printing}.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
770
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
771 When you run a subprocess synchronously on MS-DOS, make sure the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
772 program terminates and does not try to read keyboard input. If the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
773 program does not terminate on its own, you will be unable to terminate
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
774 it, because MS-DOS provides no general way to terminate a process.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
775 Pressing @kbd{C-c} or @kbd{C-@key{BREAK}} might sometimes help in these
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
776 cases.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
777
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
778 Accessing files on other machines is not supported on MS-DOS. Other
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
779 network-oriented commands such as sending mail, Web browsing, remote
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
780 login, etc., don't work either, unless network access is built into
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
781 MS-DOS with some network redirector.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
782
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
783 @cindex directory listing on MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
784 @vindex dired-listing-switches @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
785 Dired on MS-DOS uses the @code{ls-lisp} package where other
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
786 platforms use the system @code{ls} command. Therefore, Dired on
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
787 MS-DOS supports only some of the possible options you can mention in
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
788 the @code{dired-listing-switches} variable. The options that work are
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
789 @samp{-A}, @samp{-a}, @samp{-c}, @samp{-i}, @samp{-r}, @samp{-S},
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
790 @samp{-s}, @samp{-t}, and @samp{-u}.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
791
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
792 @node Windows Processes
39142
449f9371ac14 Mention Windows ME and Windows 2000 in the list of supported versions.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38869
diff changeset
793 @section Subprocesses on Windows 9X/ME and Windows NT/2K
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
794
60110
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
795 Emacs compiled as a native Windows application (as opposed to the DOS
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
796 version) includes full support for asynchronous subprocesses.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
797 In the Windows version, synchronous and asynchronous subprocesses work
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
798 fine on both
39142
449f9371ac14 Mention Windows ME and Windows 2000 in the list of supported versions.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38869
diff changeset
799 Windows 9X and Windows NT/2K as long as you run only 32-bit Windows
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
800 applications. However, when you run a DOS application in a subprocess,
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
801 you may encounter problems or be unable to run the application at all;
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
802 and if you run two DOS applications at the same time in two
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
803 subprocesses, you may have to reboot your system.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
804
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
805 Since the standard command interpreter (and most command line utilities)
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
806 on Windows 95 are DOS applications, these problems are significant when
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
807 using that system. But there's nothing we can do about them; only
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
808 Microsoft can fix them.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
809
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
810 If you run just one DOS application subprocess, the subprocess should
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
811 work as expected as long as it is ``well-behaved'' and does not perform
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
812 direct screen access or other unusual actions. If you have a CPU
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
813 monitor application, your machine will appear to be 100% busy even when
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
814 the DOS application is idle, but this is only an artifact of the way CPU
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
815 monitors measure processor load.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
816
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
817 You must terminate the DOS application before you start any other DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
818 application in a different subprocess. Emacs is unable to interrupt or
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
819 terminate a DOS subprocess. The only way you can terminate such a
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
820 subprocess is by giving it a command that tells its program to exit.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
821
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
822 If you attempt to run two DOS applications at the same time in separate
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
823 subprocesses, the second one that is started will be suspended until the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
824 first one finishes, even if either or both of them are asynchronous.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
825
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
826 If you can go to the first subprocess, and tell it to exit, the second
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
827 subprocess should continue normally. However, if the second subprocess
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
828 is synchronous, Emacs itself will be hung until the first subprocess
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
829 finishes. If it will not finish without user input, then you have no
39142
449f9371ac14 Mention Windows ME and Windows 2000 in the list of supported versions.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38869
diff changeset
830 choice but to reboot if you are running on Windows 9X. If you are
449f9371ac14 Mention Windows ME and Windows 2000 in the list of supported versions.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38869
diff changeset
831 running on Windows NT/2K, you can use a process viewer application to kill
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
832 the appropriate instance of ntvdm instead (this will terminate both DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
833 subprocesses).
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
834
39142
449f9371ac14 Mention Windows ME and Windows 2000 in the list of supported versions.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38869
diff changeset
835 If you have to reboot Windows 9X in this situation, do not use the
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
836 @code{Shutdown} command on the @code{Start} menu; that usually hangs the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
837 system. Instead, type @kbd{CTL-ALT-@key{DEL}} and then choose
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
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838 @code{Shutdown}. That usually works, although it may take a few minutes
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839 to do its job.
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840
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841 @node Windows System Menu
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842 @section Using the System Menu on Windows
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843
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844 Emacs compiled as a native Windows application normally turns off the
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845 Windows feature that tapping the @key{ALT}
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846 key invokes the Windows menu. The reason is that the @key{ALT} also
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847 serves as @key{META} in Emacs. When using Emacs, users often press the
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848 @key{META} key temporarily and then change their minds; if this has the
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849 effect of bringing up the Windows menu, it alters the meaning of
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850 subsequent commands. Many users find this frustrating.
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851
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852 @vindex w32-pass-alt-to-system
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853 You can re-enable Windows' default handling of tapping the @key{ALT} key
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854 by setting @code{w32-pass-alt-to-system} to a non-@code{nil} value.
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855
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Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
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856 @ignore
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857 arch-tag: f39d2590-5dcc-4318-88d9-0eb73ca10fa2
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858 @end ignore