annotate man/dired.texi @ 69535:3feef8dfbff5

(image-load-path-for-library): Minor docstring fix.
author Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
date Fri, 17 Mar 2006 17:26:58 +0000
parents 287868e8ac6f
children e432c2c01722 a7364c1a561e
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1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual.
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001,
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3 @c 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
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5 @node Dired, Calendar/Diary, Rmail, Top
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6 @chapter Dired, the Directory Editor
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7 @cindex Dired
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8 @cindex file management
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9
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10 Dired makes an Emacs buffer containing a listing of a directory, and
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11 optionally some of its subdirectories as well. You can use the normal
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12 Emacs commands to move around in this buffer, and special Dired commands
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13 to operate on the files listed.
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14
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15 The Dired buffer is ``read-only,'' and inserting text in it is not
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16 useful, so ordinary printing characters such as @kbd{d} and @kbd{x} are
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17 used for special Dired commands. Some Dired commands @dfn{mark} or
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18 @dfn{flag} the @dfn{current file} (that is, the file on the current
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19 line); other commands operate on the marked files or on the flagged
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20 files.
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21
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22 The Dired-X package provides various extra features for Dired mode.
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23 @xref{Top, Dired-X,,dired-x, Dired Extra Version 2 User's Manual}.
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24
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25 @menu
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26 * Enter: Dired Enter. How to invoke Dired.
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27 * Navigation: Dired Navigation. Special motion commands in the Dired buffer.
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28 * Deletion: Dired Deletion. Deleting files with Dired.
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29 * Flagging Many Files:: Flagging files based on their names.
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30 * Visit: Dired Visiting. Other file operations through Dired.
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31 * Marks vs Flags:: Flagging for deletion vs marking.
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32 * Operating on Files:: How to copy, rename, print, compress, etc.
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33 either one file or several files.
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34 * Shell Commands in Dired:: Running a shell command on the marked files.
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35 * Transforming File Names:: Using patterns to rename multiple files.
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36 * Comparison in Dired:: Running `diff' by way of Dired.
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37 * Subdirectories in Dired:: Adding subdirectories to the Dired buffer.
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38 * Subdirectory Motion:: Moving across subdirectories, and up and down.
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39 * Hiding Subdirectories:: Making subdirectories visible or invisible.
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40 * Updating: Dired Updating. Discarding lines for files of no interest.
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41 * Find: Dired and Find. Using `find' to choose the files for Dired.
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42 * Wdired:: Operating on files by editing the Dired buffer.
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43 * Tumme:: Image file and thumbnail viewing and
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44 manipulation from the Dired buffer.
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45 * Misc: Misc Dired Features. Various other features.
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46 @end menu
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47
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48 @node Dired Enter
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49 @section Entering Dired
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50
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51 @findex dired
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52 @kindex C-x d
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53 @vindex dired-listing-switches
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54 To invoke Dired, do @kbd{C-x d} or @kbd{M-x dired}. The command
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55 reads a directory name or wildcard file name pattern as a minibuffer
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56 argument to specify which files to list. @kbd{C-x C-f} given a
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57 directory name also invokes Dired. Where @code{dired} differs from
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58 @code{list-directory} is that it puts the buffer into Dired mode, so
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59 that the special commands of Dired are available.
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60
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61 The variable @code{dired-listing-switches} specifies the options to
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62 give to @code{ls} for listing the directory; this string @emph{must} contain
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63 @samp{-l}. If you use a numeric prefix argument with the @code{dired}
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64 command, you can specify the @code{ls} switches with the minibuffer
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65 before you enter the directory specification. No matter how they are
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66 specified, the @code{ls} switches should all be short options (that
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67 is, single characters) requiring no arguments.
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68
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69 @findex dired-other-window
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70 @kindex C-x 4 d
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71 @findex dired-other-frame
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72 @kindex C-x 5 d
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73 To display the Dired buffer in another window rather than in the
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74 selected window, use @kbd{C-x 4 d} (@code{dired-other-window}) instead
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75 of @kbd{C-x d}. @kbd{C-x 5 d} (@code{dired-other-frame}) uses a
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76 separate frame to display the Dired buffer.
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77
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78 @node Dired Navigation
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79 @section Navigation in the Dired Buffer
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80
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81 @kindex C-n @r{(Dired)}
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82 @kindex C-p @r{(Dired)}
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83 All the usual Emacs cursor motion commands are available in Dired
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84 buffers. Some special-purpose cursor motion commands are also
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85 provided. The keys @kbd{C-n} and @kbd{C-p} are redefined to put the
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86 cursor at the beginning of the file name on the line, rather than at the
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87 beginning of the line.
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88
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89 @kindex SPC @r{(Dired)}
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90 For extra convenience, @key{SPC} and @kbd{n} in Dired are equivalent
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91 to @kbd{C-n}. @kbd{p} is equivalent to @kbd{C-p}. (Moving by lines is
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92 so common in Dired that it deserves to be easy to type.) @key{DEL}
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93 (move up and unflag) is often useful simply for moving up.
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94
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95 @findex dired-goto-file
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96 @kindex M-g @r{(Dired)}
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97 @kbd{M-g} (@code{dired-goto-file}) moves point to the line that
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98 describes a specified file or directory.
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99
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100 Some additional navigation commands are available when the Dired
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101 buffer includes several directories. @xref{Subdirectory Motion}.
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102
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103 @node Dired Deletion
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104 @section Deleting Files with Dired
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105 @cindex flagging files (in Dired)
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106 @cindex deleting files (in Dired)
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107
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108 One of the most frequent uses of Dired is to first @dfn{flag} files for
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109 deletion, then delete the files that were flagged.
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110
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111 @table @kbd
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112 @item d
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113 Flag this file for deletion.
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114 @item u
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115 Remove deletion flag on this line.
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116 @item @key{DEL}
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117 Move point to previous line and remove the deletion flag on that line.
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118 @item x
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119 Delete the files that are flagged for deletion.
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120 @end table
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121
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122 @kindex d @r{(Dired)}
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123 @findex dired-flag-file-deletion
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124 You can flag a file for deletion by moving to the line describing the
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125 file and typing @kbd{d} (@code{dired-flag-file-deletion}). The deletion flag is visible as a @samp{D} at
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126 the beginning of the line. This command moves point to the next line,
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127 so that repeated @kbd{d} commands flag successive files. A numeric
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128 argument serves as a repeat count.
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129
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130 @cindex recursive deletion
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131 @vindex dired-recursive-deletes
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132 The variable @code{dired-recursive-deletes} controls whether the
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133 delete command will delete non-empty directories (including their
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134 contents). The default is to delete only empty directories.
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135
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136 @kindex u @r{(Dired deletion)}
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137 @kindex DEL @r{(Dired)}
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138 The files are flagged for deletion rather than deleted immediately to
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139 reduce the danger of deleting a file accidentally. Until you direct
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140 Dired to delete the flagged files, you can remove deletion flags using
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141 the commands @kbd{u} and @key{DEL}. @kbd{u} (@code{dired-unmark}) works
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142 just like @kbd{d}, but removes flags rather than making flags.
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143 @key{DEL} (@code{dired-unmark-backward}) moves upward, removing flags;
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144 it is like @kbd{u} with argument @minus{}1.
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145
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146 @kindex x @r{(Dired)}
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147 @findex dired-do-flagged-delete
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148 @cindex expunging (Dired)
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149 To delete the flagged files, type @kbd{x} (@code{dired-do-flagged-delete}).
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150 (This is also known as @dfn{expunging}.)
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151 This command first displays a list of all the file names flagged for
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152 deletion, and requests confirmation with @kbd{yes}. If you confirm,
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153 Dired deletes the flagged files, then deletes their lines from the text
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154 of the Dired buffer. The shortened Dired buffer remains selected.
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155
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156 If you answer @kbd{no} or quit with @kbd{C-g} when asked to confirm, you
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157 return immediately to Dired, with the deletion flags still present in
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158 the buffer, and no files actually deleted.
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159
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160 @node Flagging Many Files
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161 @section Flagging Many Files at Once
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162 @cindex flagging many files for deletion (in Dired)
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163
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164 @table @kbd
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165 @item #
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166 Flag all auto-save files (files whose names start and end with @samp{#})
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167 for deletion (@pxref{Auto Save}).
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168
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169 @item ~
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170 Flag all backup files (files whose names end with @samp{~}) for deletion
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171 (@pxref{Backup}).
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172
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173 @item &
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174 Flag for deletion all files with certain kinds of names, names that
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175 suggest you could easily create the files again.
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176
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177 @item .@: @r{(Period)}
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178 Flag excess numeric backup files for deletion. The oldest and newest
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179 few backup files of any one file are exempt; the middle ones are
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180 flagged.
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181
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182 @item % d @var{regexp} @key{RET}
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183 Flag for deletion all files whose names match the regular expression
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184 @var{regexp}.
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185 @end table
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186
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187 The @kbd{#}, @kbd{~}, @kbd{&}, and @kbd{.} commands flag many files for
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188 deletion, based on their file names. These commands are useful
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189 precisely because they do not themselves delete any files; you can
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190 remove the deletion flags from any flagged files that you really wish to
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191 keep.@refill
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192
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193 @kindex & @r{(Dired)}
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194 @findex dired-flag-garbage-files
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195 @vindex dired-garbage-files-regexp
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196 @cindex deleting some backup files
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197 @kbd{&} (@code{dired-flag-garbage-files}) flags files whose names
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198 match the regular expression specified by the variable
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199 @code{dired-garbage-files-regexp}. By default, this matches certain
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200 files produced by @TeX{}, @samp{.bak} files, and the @samp{.orig} and
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201 @samp{.rej} files produced by @code{patch}.
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202
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203 @kindex # @r{(Dired)}
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204 @findex dired-flag-auto-save-files
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205 @cindex deleting auto-save files
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206 @kbd{#} (@code{dired-flag-auto-save-files}) flags for deletion all
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207 files whose names look like auto-save files (@pxref{Auto Save})---that
38124
72ea86c1d394 Proofreading fixes from Tim Goodwin <tjg@star.le.ac.uk>.
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208 is, files whose names begin and end with @samp{#}.
72ea86c1d394 Proofreading fixes from Tim Goodwin <tjg@star.le.ac.uk>.
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209
72ea86c1d394 Proofreading fixes from Tim Goodwin <tjg@star.le.ac.uk>.
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210 @kindex ~ @r{(Dired)}
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211 @findex dired-flag-backup-files
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212 @kbd{~} (@code{dired-flag-backup-files}) flags for deletion all files
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213 whose names say they are backup files (@pxref{Backup})---that is, files
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214 whose names end in @samp{~}.
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215
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216 @kindex . @r{(Dired)}
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217 @vindex dired-kept-versions
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218 @findex dired-clean-directory
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219 @kbd{.} (period, @code{dired-clean-directory}) flags just some of the
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220 backup files for deletion: all but the oldest few and newest few backups
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221 of any one file. Normally @code{dired-kept-versions} (@strong{not}
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222 @code{kept-new-versions}; that applies only when saving) specifies the
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223 number of newest versions of each file to keep, and
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224 @code{kept-old-versions} specifies the number of oldest versions to
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225 keep.
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226
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227 Period with a positive numeric argument, as in @kbd{C-u 3 .},
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228 specifies the number of newest versions to keep, overriding
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229 @code{dired-kept-versions}. A negative numeric argument overrides
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230 @code{kept-old-versions}, using minus the value of the argument to
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231 specify the number of oldest versions of each file to keep.
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232
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233 @findex dired-flag-files-regexp
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234 @kindex % d @r{(Dired)}
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235 The @kbd{% d} command flags all files whose names match a specified
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236 regular expression (@code{dired-flag-files-regexp}). Only the
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237 non-directory part of the file name is used in matching. You can use
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238 @samp{^} and @samp{$} to anchor matches. You can exclude subdirectories
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239 by hiding them (@pxref{Hiding Subdirectories}).
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240
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241 @node Dired Visiting
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242 @section Visiting Files in Dired
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243
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244 There are several Dired commands for visiting or examining the files
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245 listed in the Dired buffer. All of them apply to the current line's
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246 file; if that file is really a directory, these commands invoke Dired on
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247 that subdirectory (making a separate Dired buffer).
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248
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249 @table @kbd
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250 @item f
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251 @kindex f @r{(Dired)}
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252 @findex dired-find-file
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253 Visit the file described on the current line, like typing @kbd{C-x C-f}
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254 and supplying that file name (@code{dired-find-file}). @xref{Visiting}.
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255
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256 @item @key{RET}
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257 @itemx e
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258 @kindex RET @r{(Dired)}
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259 @kindex e @r{(Dired)}
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260 Equivalent to @kbd{f}.
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261
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262 @ignore @c This command seems too risky to document at all.
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263 @item a
50c69ce6e1b0 Describe dired-find-alternate-file.
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264 @kindex a @r{(Dired)}
50c69ce6e1b0 Describe dired-find-alternate-file.
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265 @findex dired-find-alternate-file
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266 Like @kbd{f}, but replaces the contents of the Dired buffer with
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267 that of an alternate file or directory (@code{dired-find-alternate-file}).
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268 @end ignore
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269
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270 @item o
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271 @kindex o @r{(Dired)}
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272 @findex dired-find-file-other-window
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273 Like @kbd{f}, but uses another window to display the file's buffer
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274 (@code{dired-find-file-other-window}). The Dired buffer remains visible
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275 in the first window. This is like using @kbd{C-x 4 C-f} to visit the
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276 file. @xref{Windows}.
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277
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278 @item C-o
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279 @kindex C-o @r{(Dired)}
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280 @findex dired-display-file
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281 Visit the file described on the current line, and display the buffer in
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282 another window, but do not select that window (@code{dired-display-file}).
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283
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284 @item Mouse-1
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285 @itemx Mouse-2
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286 @findex dired-mouse-find-file-other-window
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287 Visit the file named by the line you click on
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288 (@code{dired-mouse-find-file-other-window}). This uses another window
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289 to display the file, like the @kbd{o} command.
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290
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291 @item v
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292 @kindex v @r{(Dired)}
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293 @findex dired-view-file
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294 View the file described on the current line, using @kbd{M-x view-file}
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295 (@code{dired-view-file}). Viewing a file with @code{view-file} is
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296 like visiting it, but is slanted toward moving around in the file
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297 conveniently and does not allow changing the file. @xref{Misc File
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298 Ops, View File, Miscellaneous File Operations}.
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299
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300 @item ^
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301 @kindex ^ @r{(Dired)}
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302 @findex dired-up-directory
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303 Visit the parent directory of the current directory
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304 (@code{dired-up-directory}). This is more convenient than moving to
1ff0891cec4c Change "Dired Commands" to "Dired Navigation". Move the general
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305 the parent directory's line and typing @kbd{f} there.
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306 @end table
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307
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308 @node Marks vs Flags
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309 @section Dired Marks vs. Flags
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310
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311 @cindex marking many files (in Dired)
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312 Instead of flagging a file with @samp{D}, you can @dfn{mark} the
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313 file with some other character (usually @samp{*}). Most Dired
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314 commands to operate on files use the files marked with @samp{*}, the
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
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315 exception being @kbd{x} which deletes the flagged files.
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316
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317 Here are some commands for marking with @samp{*}, or for unmarking or
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318 operating on marks. (@xref{Dired Deletion}, for commands to flag and
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319 unflag files.)
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320
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321 @table @kbd
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322 @item m
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323 @itemx * m
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324 @kindex m @r{(Dired)}
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325 @kindex * m @r{(Dired)}
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326 @findex dired-mark
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327 Mark the current file with @samp{*} (@code{dired-mark}). With a numeric
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328 argument @var{n}, mark the next @var{n} files starting with the current
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329 file. (If @var{n} is negative, mark the previous @minus{}@var{n}
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330 files.)
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331
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332 @item * *
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333 @kindex * * @r{(Dired)}
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334 @findex dired-mark-executables
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335 @cindex marking executable files (in Dired)
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336 Mark all executable files with @samp{*}
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337 (@code{dired-mark-executables}). With a numeric argument, unmark all
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338 those files.
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339
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diff changeset
340 @item * @@
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341 @kindex * @@ @r{(Dired)}
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342 @findex dired-mark-symlinks
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a90f7b4afc00 (Misc Dired Commands): New node.
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343 @cindex marking symbolic links (in Dired)
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344 Mark all symbolic links with @samp{*} (@code{dired-mark-symlinks}).
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345 With a numeric argument, unmark all those files.
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346
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347 @item * /
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348 @kindex * / @r{(Dired)}
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349 @findex dired-mark-directories
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350 @cindex marking subdirectories (in Dired)
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diff changeset
351 Mark with @samp{*} all files which are actually directories, except for
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diff changeset
352 @file{.} and @file{..} (@code{dired-mark-directories}). With a numeric
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diff changeset
353 argument, unmark all those files.
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354
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355 @item * s
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diff changeset
356 @kindex * s @r{(Dired)}
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diff changeset
357 @findex dired-mark-subdir-files
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358 Mark all the files in the current subdirectory, aside from @file{.}
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diff changeset
359 and @file{..} (@code{dired-mark-subdir-files}).
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diff changeset
360
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diff changeset
361 @item u
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diff changeset
362 @itemx * u
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363 @kindex u @r{(Dired)}
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diff changeset
364 @kindex * u @r{(Dired)}
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diff changeset
365 @findex dired-unmark
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366 Remove any mark on this line (@code{dired-unmark}).
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diff changeset
367
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diff changeset
368 @item @key{DEL}
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diff changeset
369 @itemx * @key{DEL}
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370 @kindex * DEL @r{(Dired)}
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371 @findex dired-unmark-backward
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diff changeset
372 @cindex unmarking files (in Dired)
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373 Move point to previous line and remove any mark on that line
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diff changeset
374 (@code{dired-unmark-backward}).
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diff changeset
375
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diff changeset
376 @item * !
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diff changeset
377 @itemx U
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378 @kindex * ! @r{(Dired)}
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diff changeset
379 @kindex U @r{(Dired)}
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
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380 @findex dired-unmark-all-marks
25829
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381 Remove all marks from all the files in this Dired buffer
37484
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
382 (@code{dired-unmark-all-marks}).
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
383
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
384 @item * ? @var{markchar}
61300
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Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 61047
diff changeset
385 @itemx M-@key{DEL}
25829
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parents:
diff changeset
386 @kindex * ? @r{(Dired)}
61300
03009601147e (Dired Visiting): `dired-view-command-alist' has been deleted.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 61047
diff changeset
387 @kindex M-DEL @r{(Dired)}
25829
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parents:
diff changeset
388 @findex dired-unmark-all-files
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
389 Remove all marks that use the character @var{markchar}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
390 (@code{dired-unmark-all-files}). The argument is a single
36477
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
391 character---do not use @key{RET} to terminate it. See the description
36507
7f2e9facb52a Minor cleanups.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36477
diff changeset
392 of the @kbd{* c} command below, which lets you replace one mark
7f2e9facb52a Minor cleanups.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36477
diff changeset
393 character with another.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
394
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
395 With a numeric argument, this command queries about each marked file,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
396 asking whether to remove its mark. You can answer @kbd{y} meaning yes,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
397 @kbd{n} meaning no, or @kbd{!} to remove the marks from the remaining
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
398 files without asking about them.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
399
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
400 @item * C-n
61300
03009601147e (Dired Visiting): `dired-view-command-alist' has been deleted.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 61047
diff changeset
401 @itemx M-@}
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
402 @findex dired-next-marked-file
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
403 @kindex * C-n @r{(Dired)}
61300
03009601147e (Dired Visiting): `dired-view-command-alist' has been deleted.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 61047
diff changeset
404 @kindex M-@} @r{(Dired)}
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
405 Move down to the next marked file (@code{dired-next-marked-file})
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
406 A file is ``marked'' if it has any kind of mark.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
407
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
408 @item * C-p
61300
03009601147e (Dired Visiting): `dired-view-command-alist' has been deleted.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 61047
diff changeset
409 @itemx M-@{
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
410 @findex dired-prev-marked-file
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
411 @kindex * C-p @r{(Dired)}
61300
03009601147e (Dired Visiting): `dired-view-command-alist' has been deleted.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 61047
diff changeset
412 @kindex M-@{ @r{(Dired)}
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
413 Move up to the previous marked file (@code{dired-prev-marked-file})
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
414
61300
03009601147e (Dired Visiting): `dired-view-command-alist' has been deleted.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 61047
diff changeset
415 @item t
03009601147e (Dired Visiting): `dired-view-command-alist' has been deleted.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 61047
diff changeset
416 @itemx * t
03009601147e (Dired Visiting): `dired-view-command-alist' has been deleted.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 61047
diff changeset
417 @kindex t @r{(Dired)}
25829
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parents:
diff changeset
418 @kindex * t @r{(Dired)}
44213
729648fff079 Rename dired-do-toggle to dired-toggle-marks.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43109
diff changeset
419 @findex dired-toggle-marks
35056
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parents: 30874
diff changeset
420 @cindex toggling marks (in Dired)
44213
729648fff079 Rename dired-do-toggle to dired-toggle-marks.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43109
diff changeset
421 Toggle all marks (@code{dired-toggle-marks}): files marked with @samp{*}
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
422 become unmarked, and unmarked files are marked with @samp{*}. Files
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
423 marked in any other way are not affected.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
424
36477
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
425 @item * c @var{old-markchar} @var{new-markchar}
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
426 @kindex * c @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
427 @findex dired-change-marks
36477
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
428 Replace all marks that use the character @var{old-markchar} with marks
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
429 that use the character @var{new-markchar} (@code{dired-change-marks}).
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
430 This command is the primary way to create or use marks other than
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
431 @samp{*} or @samp{D}. The arguments are single characters---do not use
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
432 @key{RET} to terminate them.
25829
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parents:
diff changeset
433
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
434 You can use almost any character as a mark character by means of this
36477
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
435 command, to distinguish various classes of files. If @var{old-markchar}
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
436 is a space (@samp{ }), then the command operates on all unmarked files;
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
437 if @var{new-markchar} is a space, then the command unmarks the files it
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
438 acts on.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
439
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
440 To illustrate the power of this command, here is how to put @samp{D}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
441 flags on all the files that have no marks, while unflagging all those
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
442 that already have @samp{D} flags:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
443
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
444 @example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
445 * c D t * c SPC D * c t SPC
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
446 @end example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
447
36507
7f2e9facb52a Minor cleanups.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
448 This assumes that no files were already marked with @samp{t}.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
449
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
450 @item % m @var{regexp} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
451 @itemx * % @var{regexp} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
452 @findex dired-mark-files-regexp
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
453 @kindex % m @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
454 @kindex * % @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
455 Mark (with @samp{*}) all files whose names match the regular expression
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
456 @var{regexp} (@code{dired-mark-files-regexp}). This command is like
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
457 @kbd{% d}, except that it marks files with @samp{*} instead of flagging
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
458 with @samp{D}. @xref{Flagging Many Files}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
459
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
460 Only the non-directory part of the file name is used in matching. Use
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
461 @samp{^} and @samp{$} to anchor matches. Exclude subdirectories by
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
462 hiding them (@pxref{Hiding Subdirectories}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
463
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
464 @item % g @var{regexp} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
465 @findex dired-mark-files-containing-regexp
35056
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
466 @kindex % g @r{(Dired)}
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
467 @cindex finding files containing regexp matches (in Dired)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
468 Mark (with @samp{*}) all files whose @emph{contents} contain a match for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
469 the regular expression @var{regexp}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
470 (@code{dired-mark-files-containing-regexp}). This command is like
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
471 @kbd{% m}, except that it searches the file contents instead of the file
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
472 name.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
473
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
474 @item C-_
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
475 @kindex C-_ @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
476 @findex dired-undo
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
477 Undo changes in the Dired buffer, such as adding or removing
37519
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
478 marks (@code{dired-undo}). @emph{This command does not revert the
38124
72ea86c1d394 Proofreading fixes from Tim Goodwin <tjg@star.le.ac.uk>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37993
diff changeset
479 actual file operations, nor recover lost files!} It just undoes
37519
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
480 changes in the buffer itself. For example, if used after renaming one
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
481 or more files, @code{dired-undo} restores the original names, which
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
482 will get the Dired buffer out of sync with the actual contents of the
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
483 directory.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
484 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
485
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
486 @node Operating on Files
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
487 @section Operating on Files
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
488 @cindex operating on files in Dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
489
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
490 This section describes the basic Dired commands to operate on one file
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
491 or several files. All of these commands are capital letters; all of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
492 them use the minibuffer, either to read an argument or to ask for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
493 confirmation, before they act. All of them give you several ways to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
494 specify which files to manipulate:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
495
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
496 @itemize @bullet
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
497 @item
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
498 If you give the command a numeric prefix argument @var{n}, it operates
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
499 on the next @var{n} files, starting with the current file. (If @var{n}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
500 is negative, the command operates on the @minus{}@var{n} files preceding
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
501 the current line.)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
502
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
503 @item
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
504 Otherwise, if some files are marked with @samp{*}, the command operates
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
505 on all those files.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
506
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
507 @item
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
508 Otherwise, the command operates on the current file only.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
509 @end itemize
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
510
37491
772178ae2c7e (Operating on Files): Document dired-dwim-target.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37484
diff changeset
511 @vindex dired-dwim-target
772178ae2c7e (Operating on Files): Document dired-dwim-target.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37484
diff changeset
512 @cindex two directories (in Dired)
772178ae2c7e (Operating on Files): Document dired-dwim-target.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37484
diff changeset
513 Commands which ask for a destination directory, such as those which
772178ae2c7e (Operating on Files): Document dired-dwim-target.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37484
diff changeset
514 copy and rename files or create links for them, try to guess the default
772178ae2c7e (Operating on Files): Document dired-dwim-target.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37484
diff changeset
515 target directory for the operation. Normally, they suggest the Dired
772178ae2c7e (Operating on Files): Document dired-dwim-target.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37484
diff changeset
516 buffer's default directory, but if the variable @code{dired-dwim-target}
772178ae2c7e (Operating on Files): Document dired-dwim-target.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37484
diff changeset
517 is non-@code{nil}, and if there is another Dired buffer displayed in the
772178ae2c7e (Operating on Files): Document dired-dwim-target.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37484
diff changeset
518 next window, that other buffer's directory is suggested instead.
772178ae2c7e (Operating on Files): Document dired-dwim-target.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37484
diff changeset
519
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
520 Here are the file-manipulating commands that operate on files in this
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
521 way. (Some other Dired commands, such as @kbd{!} and the @samp{%}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
522 commands, also use these conventions to decide which files to work on.)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
523
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
524 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
525 @findex dired-do-copy
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
526 @kindex C @r{(Dired)}
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
527 @cindex copying files (in Dired)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
528 @item C @var{new} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
529 Copy the specified files (@code{dired-do-copy}). The argument @var{new}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
530 is the directory to copy into, or (if copying a single file) the new
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
531 name.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
532
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
533 @vindex dired-copy-preserve-time
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
534 If @code{dired-copy-preserve-time} is non-@code{nil}, then copying with
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
535 this command sets the modification time of the new file to be the same
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
536 as that of the old file.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
537
36149
a1ff91eda21c Just a short xref for dired-x.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35056
diff changeset
538 @vindex dired-recursive-copies
40617
aeebb5c33587 (Dired Deletion, Operating On Files): Add index entries.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39287
diff changeset
539 @cindex recursive copying
36149
a1ff91eda21c Just a short xref for dired-x.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35056
diff changeset
540 The variable @code{dired-recursive-copies} controls whether
a1ff91eda21c Just a short xref for dired-x.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35056
diff changeset
541 directories are copied recursively. The default is to not copy
a1ff91eda21c Just a short xref for dired-x.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35056
diff changeset
542 recursively, which means that directories cannot be copied.
a1ff91eda21c Just a short xref for dired-x.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35056
diff changeset
543
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
544 @item D
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
545 @findex dired-do-delete
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
546 @kindex D @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
547 Delete the specified files (@code{dired-do-delete}). Like the other
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
548 commands in this section, this command operates on the @emph{marked}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
549 files, or the next @var{n} files. By contrast, @kbd{x}
37484
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
550 (@code{dired-do-flagged-delete}) deletes all @dfn{flagged} files.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
551
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
552 @findex dired-do-rename
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
553 @kindex R @r{(Dired)}
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
554 @cindex renaming files (in Dired)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
555 @item R @var{new} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
556 Rename the specified files (@code{dired-do-rename}). The argument
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
557 @var{new} is the directory to rename into, or (if renaming a single
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
558 file) the new name.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
559
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
560 Dired automatically changes the visited file name of buffers associated
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
561 with renamed files so that they refer to the new names.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
562
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
563 @findex dired-do-hardlink
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
564 @kindex H @r{(Dired)}
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
565 @cindex hard links (in Dired)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
566 @item H @var{new} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
567 Make hard links to the specified files (@code{dired-do-hardlink}). The
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
568 argument @var{new} is the directory to make the links in, or (if making
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
569 just one link) the name to give the link.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
570
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
571 @findex dired-do-symlink
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
572 @kindex S @r{(Dired)}
52576
a90f7b4afc00 (Misc Dired Commands): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
573 @cindex symbolic links (creation in Dired)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
574 @item S @var{new} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
575 Make symbolic links to the specified files (@code{dired-do-symlink}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
576 The argument @var{new} is the directory to make the links in, or (if
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
577 making just one link) the name to give the link.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
578
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
579 @findex dired-do-chmod
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
580 @kindex M @r{(Dired)}
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
581 @cindex changing file permissions (in Dired)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
582 @item M @var{modespec} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
583 Change the mode (also called ``permission bits'') of the specified files
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
584 (@code{dired-do-chmod}). This uses the @code{chmod} program, so
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
585 @var{modespec} can be any argument that @code{chmod} can handle.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
586
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
587 @findex dired-do-chgrp
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
588 @kindex G @r{(Dired)}
36263
11db0318031d Remove redundant index entries.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36149
diff changeset
589 @cindex changing file group (in Dired)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
590 @item G @var{newgroup} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
591 Change the group of the specified files to @var{newgroup}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
592 (@code{dired-do-chgrp}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
593
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
594 @findex dired-do-chown
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
595 @kindex O @r{(Dired)}
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
596 @cindex changing file owner (in Dired)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
597 @item O @var{newowner} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
598 Change the owner of the specified files to @var{newowner}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
599 (@code{dired-do-chown}). (On most systems, only the superuser can do
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
600 this.)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
601
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
602 @vindex dired-chown-program
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
603 The variable @code{dired-chown-program} specifies the name of the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
604 program to use to do the work (different systems put @code{chown} in
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
605 different places).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
606
56046
684d4b5c0efc (Operating on Files): Add dired-do-touch.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents: 55780
diff changeset
607 @findex dired-do-touch
684d4b5c0efc (Operating on Files): Add dired-do-touch.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents: 55780
diff changeset
608 @kindex T @r{(Dired)}
684d4b5c0efc (Operating on Files): Add dired-do-touch.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents: 55780
diff changeset
609 @cindex changing file time (in Dired)
684d4b5c0efc (Operating on Files): Add dired-do-touch.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents: 55780
diff changeset
610 @item T @var{timestamp} @key{RET}
684d4b5c0efc (Operating on Files): Add dired-do-touch.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents: 55780
diff changeset
611 Change the time of the specified files (@code{dired-do-touch}).
684d4b5c0efc (Operating on Files): Add dired-do-touch.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents: 55780
diff changeset
612
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
613 @findex dired-do-print
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
614 @kindex P @r{(Dired)}
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
615 @cindex printing files (in Dired)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
616 @item P @var{command} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
617 Print the specified files (@code{dired-do-print}). You must specify the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
618 command to print them with, but the minibuffer starts out with a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
619 suitable guess made using the variables @code{lpr-command} and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
620 @code{lpr-switches} (the same variables that @code{lpr-buffer} uses;
63006
73c36bde4a25 (Operating on Files): Change Hardcopy xref to Printing.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 61846
diff changeset
621 @pxref{Printing}).
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
622
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
623 @findex dired-do-compress
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
624 @kindex Z @r{(Dired)}
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
625 @cindex compressing files (in Dired)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
626 @item Z
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
627 Compress the specified files (@code{dired-do-compress}). If the file
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
628 appears to be a compressed file already, it is uncompressed instead.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
629
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
630 @findex dired-do-load
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
631 @kindex L @r{(Dired)}
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
632 @cindex loading several files (in Dired)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
633 @item L
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
634 Load the specified Emacs Lisp files (@code{dired-do-load}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
635 @xref{Lisp Libraries}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
636
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
637 @findex dired-do-byte-compile
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
638 @kindex B @r{(Dired)}
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
639 @cindex byte-compiling several files (in Dired)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
640 @item B
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
641 Byte compile the specified Emacs Lisp files
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
642 (@code{dired-do-byte-compile}). @xref{Byte Compilation,, Byte
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
643 Compilation, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
644
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
645 @kindex A @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
646 @findex dired-do-search
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
647 @cindex search multiple files (in Dired)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
648 @item A @var{regexp} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
649 Search all the specified files for the regular expression @var{regexp}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
650 (@code{dired-do-search}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
651
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
652 This command is a variant of @code{tags-search}. The search stops at
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
653 the first match it finds; use @kbd{M-,} to resume the search and find
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
654 the next match. @xref{Tags Search}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
655
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
656 @kindex Q @r{(Dired)}
37484
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
657 @findex dired-do-query-replace-regexp
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
658 @cindex search and replace in multiple files (in Dired)
37484
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
659 @item Q @var{regexp} @key{RET} @var{to} @key{RET}
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
660 Perform @code{query-replace-regexp} on each of the specified files,
37484
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
661 replacing matches for @var{regexp} with the string
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
662 @var{to} (@code{dired-do-query-replace-regexp}).
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
663
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
664 This command is a variant of @code{tags-query-replace}. If you exit the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
665 query replace loop, you can use @kbd{M-,} to resume the scan and replace
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
666 more matches. @xref{Tags Search}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
667 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
668
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
669 @kindex + @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
670 @findex dired-create-directory
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
671 One special file-operation command is @kbd{+}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
672 (@code{dired-create-directory}). This command reads a directory name and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
673 creates the directory if it does not already exist.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
674
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
675 @node Shell Commands in Dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
676 @section Shell Commands in Dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
677 @cindex shell commands, Dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
678
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
679 @findex dired-do-shell-command
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
680 @kindex ! @r{(Dired)}
36477
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
681 @kindex X @r{(Dired)}
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
682 The Dired command @kbd{!} (@code{dired-do-shell-command}) reads a shell
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
683 command string in the minibuffer and runs that shell command on all the
36477
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
684 specified files. @kbd{X} is a synonym for @kbd{!}. You can specify the
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
685 files to operate on in the usual ways for Dired commands
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
686 (@pxref{Operating on Files}). There are two ways of applying a shell
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
687 command to multiple files:
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
688
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
689 @itemize @bullet
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
690 @item
46203
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
691 If you use @samp{*} surrounded by whitespace in the shell command,
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
692 then the command runs just once, with the list of file names
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
693 substituted for the @samp{*}. The order of file names is the order of
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
694 appearance in the Dired buffer.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
695
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
696 Thus, @kbd{! tar cf foo.tar * @key{RET}} runs @code{tar} on the entire
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
697 list of file names, putting them into one tar file @file{foo.tar}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
698
46203
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
699 If you want to use @samp{*} as a shell wildcard with whitespace around
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
700 it, write @samp{*""}. In the shell, this is equivalent to @samp{*};
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
701 but since the @samp{*} is not surrounded by whitespace, Dired does
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
702 not treat it specially.
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
703
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
704 @item
46203
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
705 If the command string doesn't contain @samp{*} surrounded by
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
706 whitespace, then it runs once @emph{for each file}. Normally the file
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
707 name is added at the end.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
708
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
709 For example, @kbd{! uudecode @key{RET}} runs @code{uudecode} on each
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
710 file.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
711
46203
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
712 @item
60103
d7a513160c01 (Dired Enter): C-x C-f can run Dired.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59885
diff changeset
713 However, if the command string contains @samp{?} surrounded by
d7a513160c01 (Dired Enter): C-x C-f can run Dired.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59885
diff changeset
714 whitespace, the current file name is substituted for @samp{?} (rather
d7a513160c01 (Dired Enter): C-x C-f can run Dired.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59885
diff changeset
715 than added at the end). You can use @samp{?} this way more than once
d7a513160c01 (Dired Enter): C-x C-f can run Dired.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59885
diff changeset
716 in the command, and the same file name replaces each occurrence.
46203
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
717 @end itemize
36149
a1ff91eda21c Just a short xref for dired-x.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35056
diff changeset
718
46203
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
719 To iterate over the file names in a more complicated fashion, use an
59260
a3a45da02baa (Shell Commands in Dired): Delete the ? example.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 58926
diff changeset
720 explicit shell loop. For example, here is how to uuencode each file,
a3a45da02baa (Shell Commands in Dired): Delete the ? example.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 58926
diff changeset
721 making the output file name by appending @samp{.uu} to the input file
a3a45da02baa (Shell Commands in Dired): Delete the ? example.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 58926
diff changeset
722 name:
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
723
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
724 @example
46203
09a72d736076 Update description of * and ? for shell commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 44213
diff changeset
725 for file in * ; do uuencode "$file" "$file" >"$file".uu; done
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
726 @end example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
727
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
728 The working directory for the shell command is the top-level directory
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
729 of the Dired buffer.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
730
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
731 The @kbd{!} command does not attempt to update the Dired buffer to show
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
732 new or modified files, because it doesn't really understand shell
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
733 commands, and does not know what files the shell command changed. Use
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
734 the @kbd{g} command to update the Dired buffer (@pxref{Dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
735 Updating}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
736
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
737 @node Transforming File Names
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
738 @section Transforming File Names in Dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
739
37519
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
740 This section describes Dired commands which alter file names in a
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
741 systematic way.
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
742
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
743 Like the basic Dired file-manipulation commands (@pxref{Operating on
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
744 Files}), the commands described here operate either on the next
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
745 @var{n} files, or on all files marked with @samp{*}, or on the current
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
746 file. (To mark files, use the commands described in @ref{Marks vs
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
747 Flags}.)
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
748
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
749 All of the commands described in this section work
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
750 @emph{interactively}: they ask you to confirm the operation for each
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
751 candidate file. Thus, you can select more files than you actually
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
752 need to operate on (e.g., with a regexp that matches many files), and
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
753 then refine the selection by typing @kbd{y} or @kbd{n} when the
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
754 command prompts for confirmation.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
755
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
756 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
757 @findex dired-upcase
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
758 @kindex % u @r{(Dired)}
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
759 @cindex upcase file names
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
760 @item % u
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
761 Rename each of the selected files to an upper-case name
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
762 (@code{dired-upcase}). If the old file names are @file{Foo}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
763 and @file{bar}, the new names are @file{FOO} and @file{BAR}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
764
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
765 @item % l
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
766 @findex dired-downcase
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
767 @kindex % l @r{(Dired)}
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
768 @cindex downcase file names
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
769 Rename each of the selected files to a lower-case name
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
770 (@code{dired-downcase}). If the old file names are @file{Foo} and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
771 @file{bar}, the new names are @file{foo} and @file{bar}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
772
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
773 @item % R @var{from} @key{RET} @var{to} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
774 @kindex % R @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
775 @findex dired-do-rename-regexp
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
776 @itemx % C @var{from} @key{RET} @var{to} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
777 @kindex % C @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
778 @findex dired-do-copy-regexp
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
779 @itemx % H @var{from} @key{RET} @var{to} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
780 @kindex % H @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
781 @findex dired-do-hardlink-regexp
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
782 @itemx % S @var{from} @key{RET} @var{to} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
783 @kindex % S @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
784 @findex dired-do-symlink-regexp
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
785 These four commands rename, copy, make hard links and make soft links,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
786 in each case computing the new name by regular-expression substitution
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
787 from the name of the old file.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
788 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
789
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
790 The four regular-expression substitution commands effectively perform
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
791 a search-and-replace on the selected file names in the Dired buffer.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
792 They read two arguments: a regular expression @var{from}, and a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
793 substitution pattern @var{to}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
794
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
795 The commands match each ``old'' file name against the regular
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
796 expression @var{from}, and then replace the matching part with @var{to}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
797 You can use @samp{\&} and @samp{\@var{digit}} in @var{to} to refer to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
798 all or part of what the pattern matched in the old file name, as in
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
799 @code{replace-regexp} (@pxref{Regexp Replace}). If the regular expression
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
800 matches more than once in a file name, only the first match is replaced.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
801
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
802 For example, @kbd{% R ^.*$ @key{RET} x-\& @key{RET}} renames each
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
803 selected file by prepending @samp{x-} to its name. The inverse of this,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
804 removing @samp{x-} from the front of each file name, is also possible:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
805 one method is @kbd{% R ^x-\(.*\)$ @key{RET} \1 @key{RET}}; another is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
806 @kbd{% R ^x- @key{RET} @key{RET}}. (Use @samp{^} and @samp{$} to anchor
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
807 matches that should span the whole filename.)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
808
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
809 Normally, the replacement process does not consider the files'
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
810 directory names; it operates on the file name within the directory. If
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
811 you specify a numeric argument of zero, then replacement affects the
37519
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
812 entire absolute file name including directory name. (Non-zero
1a27ed8dcefc (Marks vs Flags): Explain that dired-undo doesn't undo the file
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37491
diff changeset
813 argument specifies the number of files to operate on.)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
814
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
815 Often you will want to select the set of files to operate on using the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
816 same @var{regexp} that you will use to operate on them. To do this,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
817 mark those files with @kbd{% m @var{regexp} @key{RET}}, then use the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
818 same regular expression in the command to operate on the files. To make
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
819 this easier, the @kbd{%} commands to operate on files use the last
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
820 regular expression specified in any @kbd{%} command as a default.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
821
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
822 @node Comparison in Dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
823 @section File Comparison with Dired
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
824 @cindex file comparison (in Dired)
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
825 @cindex compare files (in Dired)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
826
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
827 Here are two Dired commands that compare specified files using
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
828 @code{diff}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
830 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
831 @item =
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
832 @findex dired-diff
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
833 @kindex = @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
834 Compare the current file (the file at point) with another file (the file
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
835 at the mark) using the @code{diff} program (@code{dired-diff}). The
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
836 file at the mark is the first argument of @code{diff}, and the file at
37549
b7c260d40c0b (Comparison in Dired): Make it clear that ``the mark'' is settable by C-SPC.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37519
diff changeset
837 point is the second argument. Use @kbd{C-@key{SPC}}
b7c260d40c0b (Comparison in Dired): Make it clear that ``the mark'' is settable by C-SPC.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37519
diff changeset
838 (@code{set-mark-command}) to set the mark at the first file's line
b7c260d40c0b (Comparison in Dired): Make it clear that ``the mark'' is settable by C-SPC.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37519
diff changeset
839 (@pxref{Setting Mark}), since @code{dired-diff} ignores the files marked
b7c260d40c0b (Comparison in Dired): Make it clear that ``the mark'' is settable by C-SPC.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37519
diff changeset
840 with the Dired's @kbd{m} command.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
841
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
842 @findex dired-backup-diff
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
843 @kindex M-= @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
844 @item M-=
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
845 Compare the current file with its latest backup file
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
846 (@code{dired-backup-diff}). If the current file is itself a backup,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
847 compare it with the file it is a backup of; this way, you can compare
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
848 a file with any backup version of your choice.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
849
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
850 The backup file is the first file given to @code{diff}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
851 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
852
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
853 @node Subdirectories in Dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
854 @section Subdirectories in Dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
855 @cindex subdirectories in Dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
856 @cindex expanding subdirectories in Dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
857
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
858 A Dired buffer displays just one directory in the normal case;
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
859 but you can optionally include its subdirectories as well.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
860
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
861 The simplest way to include multiple directories in one Dired buffer is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
862 to specify the options @samp{-lR} for running @code{ls}. (If you give a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
863 numeric argument when you run Dired, then you can specify these options
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
864 in the minibuffer.) That produces a recursive directory listing showing
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
865 all subdirectories at all levels.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
866
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
867 But usually all the subdirectories are too many; usually you will
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
868 prefer to include specific subdirectories only. You can do this with
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
869 the @kbd{i} command:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
870
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
871 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
872 @findex dired-maybe-insert-subdir
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
873 @kindex i @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
874 @item i
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
875 @cindex inserted subdirectory (Dired)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
876 @cindex in-situ subdirectory (Dired)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
877 Insert the contents of a subdirectory later in the buffer.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
878 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
879
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
880 Use the @kbd{i} (@code{dired-maybe-insert-subdir}) command on a line
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
881 that describes a file which is a directory. It inserts the contents of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
882 that directory into the same Dired buffer, and moves there. Inserted
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
883 subdirectory contents follow the top-level directory of the Dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
884 buffer, just as they do in @samp{ls -lR} output.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
885
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
886 If the subdirectory's contents are already present in the buffer, the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
887 @kbd{i} command just moves to it.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
888
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
889 In either case, @kbd{i} sets the Emacs mark before moving, so @kbd{C-u
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
890 C-@key{SPC}} takes you back to the old position in the buffer (the line
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
891 describing that subdirectory).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
892
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
893 Use the @kbd{l} command (@code{dired-do-redisplay}) to update the
36477
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
894 subdirectory's contents. Use @kbd{C-u k} on the subdirectory header
957e48a1565e (Dired Visiting): Fix wording, suggested by Ron Ross <ronross@colba.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
895 line to delete the subdirectory. @xref{Dired Updating}.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
896
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
897 @node Subdirectory Motion
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
898 @section Moving Over Subdirectories
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
899
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
900 When a Dired buffer lists subdirectories, you can use the page motion
37484
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
901 commands @kbd{C-x [} and @kbd{C-x ]} to move by entire directories
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
902 (@pxref{Pages}).
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
903
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
904 @cindex header line (Dired)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
905 @cindex directory header lines
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
906 The following commands move across, up and down in the tree of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
907 directories within one Dired buffer. They move to @dfn{directory header
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
908 lines}, which are the lines that give a directory's name, at the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
909 beginning of the directory's contents.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
910
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
911 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
912 @findex dired-next-subdir
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
913 @kindex C-M-n @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
914 @item C-M-n
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
915 Go to next subdirectory header line, regardless of level
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
916 (@code{dired-next-subdir}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
917
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
918 @findex dired-prev-subdir
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
919 @kindex C-M-p @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
920 @item C-M-p
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
921 Go to previous subdirectory header line, regardless of level
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
922 (@code{dired-prev-subdir}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
923
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
924 @findex dired-tree-up
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
925 @kindex C-M-u @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
926 @item C-M-u
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
927 Go up to the parent directory's header line (@code{dired-tree-up}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
928
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
929 @findex dired-tree-down
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
930 @kindex C-M-d @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
931 @item C-M-d
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
932 Go down in the directory tree, to the first subdirectory's header line
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
933 (@code{dired-tree-down}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
934
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
935 @findex dired-prev-dirline
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
936 @kindex < @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
937 @item <
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
938 Move up to the previous directory-file line (@code{dired-prev-dirline}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
939 These lines are the ones that describe a directory as a file in its
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
940 parent directory.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
941
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
942 @findex dired-next-dirline
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
943 @kindex > @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
944 @item >
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
945 Move down to the next directory-file line (@code{dired-prev-dirline}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
946 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
947
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
948 @node Hiding Subdirectories
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
949 @section Hiding Subdirectories
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
950
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
951 @cindex hiding in Dired (Dired)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
952 @dfn{Hiding} a subdirectory means to make it invisible, except for its
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
953 header line, via selective display (@pxref{Selective Display}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
954
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
955 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
956 @item $
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
957 @findex dired-hide-subdir
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
958 @kindex $ @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
959 Hide or reveal the subdirectory that point is in, and move point to the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
960 next subdirectory (@code{dired-hide-subdir}). A numeric argument serves
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
961 as a repeat count.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
962
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
963 @item M-$
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
964 @findex dired-hide-all
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
965 @kindex M-$ @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
966 Hide all subdirectories in this Dired buffer, leaving only their header
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
967 lines (@code{dired-hide-all}). Or, if any subdirectory is currently
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
968 hidden, make all subdirectories visible again. You can use this command
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
969 to get an overview in very deep directory trees or to move quickly to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
970 subdirectories far away.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
971 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
972
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
973 Ordinary Dired commands never consider files inside a hidden
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
974 subdirectory. For example, the commands to operate on marked files
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
975 ignore files in hidden directories even if they are marked. Thus you
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
976 can use hiding to temporarily exclude subdirectories from operations
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
977 without having to remove the markers.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
978
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
979 @node Dired Updating
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
980 @section Updating the Dired Buffer
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
981 @cindex updating Dired buffer
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
982 @cindex refreshing displayed files
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
983
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
984 This section describes commands to update the Dired buffer to reflect
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
985 outside (non-Dired) changes in the directories and files, and to delete
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
986 part of the Dired buffer.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
987
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
988 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
989 @item g
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
990 Update the entire contents of the Dired buffer (@code{revert-buffer}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
991
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
992 @item l
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
993 Update the specified files (@code{dired-do-redisplay}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
994
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
995 @item k
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
996 Delete the specified @emph{file lines}---not the files, just the lines
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
997 (@code{dired-do-kill-lines}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
998
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
999 @item s
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1000 Toggle between alphabetical order and date/time order
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1001 (@code{dired-sort-toggle-or-edit}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1002
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1003 @item C-u s @var{switches} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1004 Refresh the Dired buffer using @var{switches} as
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1005 @code{dired-listing-switches}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1006 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1007
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1008 @kindex g @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1009 @findex revert-buffer @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1010 Type @kbd{g} (@code{revert-buffer}) to update the contents of the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1011 Dired buffer, based on changes in the files and directories listed.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1012 This preserves all marks except for those on files that have vanished.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1013 Hidden subdirectories are updated but remain hidden.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1014
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1015 @kindex l @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1016 @findex dired-do-redisplay
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1017 To update only some of the files, type @kbd{l}
37484
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
1018 (@code{dired-do-redisplay}). Like the Dired file-operating commands,
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
1019 this command operates on the next @var{n} files (or previous
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
1020 @minus{}@var{n} files), or on the marked files if any, or on the
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
1021 current file. Updating the files means reading their current status,
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
1022 then updating their lines in the buffer to indicate that status.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1023
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1024 If you use @kbd{l} on a subdirectory header line, it updates the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1025 contents of the corresponding subdirectory.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1026
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1027 @kindex k @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1028 @findex dired-do-kill-lines
37484
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
1029 To delete the specified @emph{file lines} from the buffer---not
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
1030 delete the files---type @kbd{k} (@code{dired-do-kill-lines}). Like
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
1031 the file-operating commands, this command operates on the next @var{n}
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
1032 files, or on the marked files if any; but it does not operate on the
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
1033 current file as a last resort.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1034
56469
5804f0d30b6e (Dired Updating): `k' only deletes inserted subdirectories from the
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56113
diff changeset
1035 If you use @kbd{k} with a numeric prefix argument to kill the line
5804f0d30b6e (Dired Updating): `k' only deletes inserted subdirectories from the
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56113
diff changeset
1036 for a file that is a directory, which you have inserted in the Dired
5804f0d30b6e (Dired Updating): `k' only deletes inserted subdirectories from the
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56113
diff changeset
1037 buffer as a subdirectory, then this deletes that subdirectory from the
5804f0d30b6e (Dired Updating): `k' only deletes inserted subdirectories from the
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56113
diff changeset
1038 buffer as well. Typing @kbd{C-u k} on the header line for a subdirectory
5804f0d30b6e (Dired Updating): `k' only deletes inserted subdirectories from the
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56113
diff changeset
1039 is another way to delete a subdirectory from the Dired buffer.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1040
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1041 The @kbd{g} command brings back any individual lines that you have
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1042 killed in this way, but not subdirectories---you must use @kbd{i} to
37484
0e8d5a17a47f Fix command names dired-do-flagged-delete,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36507
diff changeset
1043 reinsert a subdirectory.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1044
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1045 @cindex Dired sorting
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1046 @cindex sorting Dired buffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1047 @kindex s @r{(Dired)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1048 @findex dired-sort-toggle-or-edit
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1049 The files in a Dired buffers are normally listed in alphabetical order
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1050 by file names. Alternatively Dired can sort them by date/time. The
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1051 Dired command @kbd{s} (@code{dired-sort-toggle-or-edit}) switches
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1052 between these two sorting modes. The mode line in a Dired buffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1053 indicates which way it is currently sorted---by name, or by date.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1054
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1055 @kbd{C-u s @var{switches} @key{RET}} lets you specify a new value for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1056 @code{dired-listing-switches}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1057
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1058 @node Dired and Find
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1059 @section Dired and @code{find}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1060 @cindex @code{find} and Dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1061
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1062 You can select a set of files for display in a Dired buffer more
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1063 flexibly by using the @code{find} utility to choose the files.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1064
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1065 @findex find-name-dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1066 To search for files with names matching a wildcard pattern use
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1067 @kbd{M-x find-name-dired}. It reads arguments @var{directory} and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1068 @var{pattern}, and chooses all the files in @var{directory} or its
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1069 subdirectories whose individual names match @var{pattern}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1070
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1071 The files thus chosen are displayed in a Dired buffer in which the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1072 ordinary Dired commands are available.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1073
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1074 @findex find-grep-dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1075 If you want to test the contents of files, rather than their names,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1076 use @kbd{M-x find-grep-dired}. This command reads two minibuffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1077 arguments, @var{directory} and @var{regexp}; it chooses all the files in
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1078 @var{directory} or its subdirectories that contain a match for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1079 @var{regexp}. It works by running the programs @code{find} and
64950
eed6291cbc92 (Dired and Find): Replace grep xref to `Compilation' node
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents: 64890
diff changeset
1080 @code{grep}. See also @kbd{M-x grep-find}, in @ref{Grep Searching}.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1081 Remember to write the regular expression for @code{grep}, not for Emacs.
35056
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
1082 (An alternative method of showing files whose contents match a given
c9c43bb7f1d2 Add index entries for many Dired commands and features.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30874
diff changeset
1083 regexp is the @kbd{% g @var{regexp}} command, see @ref{Marks vs Flags}.)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1084
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1085 @findex find-dired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1086 The most general command in this series is @kbd{M-x find-dired}, which
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1087 lets you specify any condition that @code{find} can test. It takes two
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1088 minibuffer arguments, @var{directory} and @var{find-args}; it runs
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1089 @code{find} in @var{directory}, passing @var{find-args} to tell
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1090 @code{find} what condition to test. To use this command, you need to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1091 know how to use @code{find}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1092
55780
54a65c8588e4 (Dired and Find): `find-ls-option' does not apply to `M-x locate'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 52576
diff changeset
1093 @vindex find-ls-option
54a65c8588e4 (Dired and Find): `find-ls-option' does not apply to `M-x locate'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 52576
diff changeset
1094 The format of listing produced by these commands is controlled by the
54a65c8588e4 (Dired and Find): `find-ls-option' does not apply to `M-x locate'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 52576
diff changeset
1095 variable @code{find-ls-option}, whose default value specifies using
54a65c8588e4 (Dired and Find): `find-ls-option' does not apply to `M-x locate'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 52576
diff changeset
1096 options @samp{-ld} for @code{ls}. If your listings are corrupted, you
54a65c8588e4 (Dired and Find): `find-ls-option' does not apply to `M-x locate'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 52576
diff changeset
1097 may need to change the value of this variable.
54a65c8588e4 (Dired and Find): `find-ls-option' does not apply to `M-x locate'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 52576
diff changeset
1098
36149
a1ff91eda21c Just a short xref for dired-x.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35056
diff changeset
1099 @findex locate
a1ff91eda21c Just a short xref for dired-x.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35056
diff changeset
1100 @findex locate-with-filter
a1ff91eda21c Just a short xref for dired-x.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35056
diff changeset
1101 @cindex file database (locate)
a1ff91eda21c Just a short xref for dired-x.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35056
diff changeset
1102 @vindex locate-command
38124
72ea86c1d394 Proofreading fixes from Tim Goodwin <tjg@star.le.ac.uk>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37993
diff changeset
1103 @kbd{M-x locate} provides a similar interface to the @code{locate}
38156
e46c555b62c8 Minor change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38124
diff changeset
1104 program. @kbd{M-x locate-with-filter} is similar, but keeps only lines
38124
72ea86c1d394 Proofreading fixes from Tim Goodwin <tjg@star.le.ac.uk>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37993
diff changeset
1105 matching a given regular expression.
36149
a1ff91eda21c Just a short xref for dired-x.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35056
diff changeset
1106
60791
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1107 These buffers don't work entirely like ordinary Dired buffers. File
56113
c4c0d60fa2da (Dired Enter): Mention conditions on `ls' switches.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56046
diff changeset
1108 operations work, but do not always automatically update the buffer.
c4c0d60fa2da (Dired Enter): Mention conditions on `ls' switches.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56046
diff changeset
1109 Reverting the buffer with @kbd{g} deletes all inserted subdirectories,
c4c0d60fa2da (Dired Enter): Mention conditions on `ls' switches.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56046
diff changeset
1110 and erases all flags and marks.
c4c0d60fa2da (Dired Enter): Mention conditions on `ls' switches.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56046
diff changeset
1111
61047
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1112 @node Wdired
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1113 @section Editing the Dired Buffer
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1114
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1115 @cindex wdired mode
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1116 @findex wdired-change-to-wdired-mode
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1117 Wdired is a special mode that allows you to perform file operations
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1118 by editing the Dired buffer directly (the ``W'' in ``Wdired'' stands
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1119 for ``writable''.) To enter Wdired mode, type @kbd{M-x
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1120 wdired-change-to-wdired-mode} while in a Dired buffer. Alternatively,
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1121 use @samp{Edit File Names} in the @samp{Immediate} menu bar menu.
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1122
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1123 @findex wdired-finish-edit
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1124 While in Wdired mode, you can rename files by editing the file names
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1125 displayed in the Dired buffer. All the ordinary Emacs editing
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1126 commands, including rectangle operations and @code{query-replace}, are
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1127 available for this. Once you are done editing, type @kbd{C-c C-c}
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1128 (@code{wdired-finish-edit}). This applies your changes and switches
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1129 back to ordinary Dired mode.
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1130
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1131 Apart from simply renaming files, you can move a file to another
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1132 directory by typing in the new file name (either absolute or
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1133 relative). To mark a file for deletion, delete the entire filename.
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1134 To change the target of a symbolic link, just edit the target name
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1135 displayed next to the link name.
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1136
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1137 The rest of the text in the buffer, such as the file sizes and
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1138 modification dates, is marked read-only, so you can't edit it.
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1139 However, if you set @code{wdired-allow-to-change-permissions} to
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1140 @code{t}, the file permission bits can also be edited. For example,
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1141 you can change @samp{-rw-r--r--} to @samp{-rw-rw-rw-} to make a file
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1142 world-writable. These changes also take effect when you type @kbd{C-c
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1143 C-c}.
bcda0fe75703 (Wdired): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60791
diff changeset
1144
68737
7490248dce02 Tumme documentation.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68639
diff changeset
1145 @node Tumme
7490248dce02 Tumme documentation.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68639
diff changeset
1146 @section Thumbnail and image file viewing and manipulation
7490248dce02 Tumme documentation.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68639
diff changeset
1147
7490248dce02 Tumme documentation.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68639
diff changeset
1148 @cindex tumme mode
68809
b7ccd81bb199 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68808
diff changeset
1149
68808
96e90465d41f Added more documentation for tumme.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68787
diff changeset
1150 Tumme provides for simple viewing of thumbnails of image files. It
96e90465d41f Added more documentation for tumme.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68787
diff changeset
1151 provides viewing of the original file, sized or in full size, inside
96e90465d41f Added more documentation for tumme.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68787
diff changeset
1152 Emacs or in an external viewer.
68737
7490248dce02 Tumme documentation.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68639
diff changeset
1153
7490248dce02 Tumme documentation.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68639
diff changeset
1154 Tumme aims to be both easy to use for a beginner but also powerful
68787
3bc79badcd0e Fixed small bug in tumme doc.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68737
diff changeset
1155 and useful to an experienced user.
68737
7490248dce02 Tumme documentation.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68639
diff changeset
1156
68808
96e90465d41f Added more documentation for tumme.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68787
diff changeset
1157 The quickest way to try out Tumme is to use the command
96e90465d41f Added more documentation for tumme.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68787
diff changeset
1158 @code{tumme}. It will prompt for a directory where there are images
96e90465d41f Added more documentation for tumme.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68787
diff changeset
1159 files. All images in that directory will get thumbnail files created
96e90465d41f Added more documentation for tumme.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68787
diff changeset
1160 for them, and the thumbnails will be displayed in the ``thumbnail
96e90465d41f Added more documentation for tumme.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68787
diff changeset
1161 buffer''.
96e90465d41f Added more documentation for tumme.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68787
diff changeset
1162
68809
b7ccd81bb199 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68808
diff changeset
1163 If the directory contains many image files and becayse thumbnails
b7ccd81bb199 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68808
diff changeset
1164 are created on the fly before they can be displayed, the above command
b7ccd81bb199 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68808
diff changeset
1165 might take a long time, especially the first time (consecutive
b7ccd81bb199 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68808
diff changeset
1166 viewings will use the cached thumbnail files). Also, if the number of
b7ccd81bb199 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68808
diff changeset
1167 image files is higher than @code{tumme-show-all-from-dir-max-files},
b7ccd81bb199 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68808
diff changeset
1168 the command will be aborted. To work around this you can instead mark
b7ccd81bb199 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68808
diff changeset
1169 the files you want to look at, using @kbd{m} as usual in Dired, and
b7ccd81bb199 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68808
diff changeset
1170 then type @kbd{C-t d} (@code{tumme-display-thumbs}).
68808
96e90465d41f Added more documentation for tumme.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68787
diff changeset
1171
96e90465d41f Added more documentation for tumme.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68787
diff changeset
1172 Regardless of which command you chose to display the thumbnails, a
96e90465d41f Added more documentation for tumme.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68787
diff changeset
1173 new buffer will open up, displaying thumbnail images of the files that
96e90465d41f Added more documentation for tumme.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68787
diff changeset
1174 were marked in dired. The new buffer will be the active one.
96e90465d41f Added more documentation for tumme.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68787
diff changeset
1175
96e90465d41f Added more documentation for tumme.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68787
diff changeset
1176 With point in the thumbnail buffer, type @kbd{RET}
96e90465d41f Added more documentation for tumme.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68787
diff changeset
1177 (@code{tumme-display-thumbnail-original-image}) to display a sized
96e90465d41f Added more documentation for tumme.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68787
diff changeset
1178 version of it in another window. The image will be sized to fit the
96e90465d41f Added more documentation for tumme.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68787
diff changeset
1179 window. Use the arrow keys to move around in the buffer. For easy
96e90465d41f Added more documentation for tumme.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68787
diff changeset
1180 browing, type @kbd{SPC} (@code{tumme-display-next-thumbnail-original})
96e90465d41f Added more documentation for tumme.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68787
diff changeset
1181 to advance and display the next image. Typing @kbd{DEL}
68737
7490248dce02 Tumme documentation.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68639
diff changeset
1182 (@code{tumme-display-previous-thumbnail-original}) backs up to the
68808
96e90465d41f Added more documentation for tumme.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68787
diff changeset
1183 previous thumbnail and displays that instead.
68737
7490248dce02 Tumme documentation.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68639
diff changeset
1184
7490248dce02 Tumme documentation.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68639
diff changeset
1185 If you want to see the image in its original size, either provide a
7490248dce02 Tumme documentation.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68639
diff changeset
1186 prefix argument (@kbd{C-u}) before pressing @kbd{RET}, or type
7490248dce02 Tumme documentation.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68639
diff changeset
1187 @kbd{C-return} (@code{tumme-thumbnail-display-external}) to display
68808
96e90465d41f Added more documentation for tumme.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68787
diff changeset
1188 the image in an external viewer. To use the latter,
96e90465d41f Added more documentation for tumme.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68787
diff changeset
1189 @code{tumme-external-viewer} must be configured.
68737
7490248dce02 Tumme documentation.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68639
diff changeset
1190
7490248dce02 Tumme documentation.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68639
diff changeset
1191 If you find in image that you want to delete, type @kbd{d}
7490248dce02 Tumme documentation.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68639
diff changeset
1192 (@code{tumme-flag-thumb-original-file}) and the file will be flagged
68808
96e90465d41f Added more documentation for tumme.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68787
diff changeset
1193 for deletion in the dired buffer. If you just want visually to delete
96e90465d41f Added more documentation for tumme.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68787
diff changeset
1194 the thumbnail image from the thumbnail buffer, type @kbd{C-d}
68737
7490248dce02 Tumme documentation.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68639
diff changeset
1195 (@code{tumme-delete-char}).
7490248dce02 Tumme documentation.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68639
diff changeset
1196
68810
0e986f2bd386 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68809
diff changeset
1197 More advanced features include commands for using ``tags''. ``Tag''
0e986f2bd386 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68809
diff changeset
1198 is just another word for ``keyword'', ``label'' or ``category''. In
0e986f2bd386 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68809
diff changeset
1199 short, it is meta data used to categorize an image file. Commands
0e986f2bd386 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68809
diff changeset
1200 exist to add tags for one or many image files from dired, to mark
0e986f2bd386 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68809
diff changeset
1201 files having a certain tag in Dired and to remove tags from files.
0e986f2bd386 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68809
diff changeset
1202 The tags put on image files are stored in a database file (currently a
0e986f2bd386 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68809
diff changeset
1203 plain text file).
68737
7490248dce02 Tumme documentation.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68639
diff changeset
1204
68810
0e986f2bd386 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68809
diff changeset
1205 To tag image files, mark them in the dired buffer and type @kbd{C-t
0e986f2bd386 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68809
diff changeset
1206 t} (@code{tumme-tag-files}). You will be prompted for a tag. To mark
0e986f2bd386 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68809
diff changeset
1207 files having a certain tag, type @kbd{C-t f}
0e986f2bd386 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68809
diff changeset
1208 (@code{tumme-mark-tagged-files}). After marking image files with a
0e986f2bd386 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68809
diff changeset
1209 certain tag, they can be viewed as explained earlier, by typing
0e986f2bd386 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68809
diff changeset
1210 @key{C-t d}.
68737
7490248dce02 Tumme documentation.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68639
diff changeset
1211
68810
0e986f2bd386 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68809
diff changeset
1212 You can also tag a file from the thumbnail buffer by typing @kbd{t
0e986f2bd386 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68809
diff changeset
1213 t} and remove it by typing @kbd{t r}. There is also a special ``tag''
68812
f2765c96b850 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68810
diff changeset
1214 called ``comment'' for each file (it is not a tag in the exact same
f2765c96b850 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68810
diff changeset
1215 sense as the other tags, it is handled slightly different). That is
f2765c96b850 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68810
diff changeset
1216 used to enter a comment or description about the image. You comment a
f2765c96b850 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68810
diff changeset
1217 file from the thumbnail buffer by typing @kbd{c}. You will be
f2765c96b850 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68810
diff changeset
1218 prompted for a comment. Comments can also be added from Dired, and
f2765c96b850 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68810
diff changeset
1219 then also to multiple files at once, by typing @kbd{C-t c}
f2765c96b850 *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68810
diff changeset
1220 (@code{tumme-dired-comment-files}).
68808
96e90465d41f Added more documentation for tumme.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68787
diff changeset
1221
69285
287868e8ac6f *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68812
diff changeset
1222 Tumme also provides simple image manipulation commands, like
287868e8ac6f *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68812
diff changeset
1223 rotating thumbnails and original image files. In the thumbnail
287868e8ac6f *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68812
diff changeset
1224 buffer, type @kbd{L} to rotate the original image 90 degrees anti
287868e8ac6f *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68812
diff changeset
1225 clockwise, and @kbd{R} to rotate it 90 degrees clockwise. This
287868e8ac6f *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68812
diff changeset
1226 rotation will be done lossless (the image quality will not be reduced)
287868e8ac6f *** empty log message ***
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68812
diff changeset
1227 and needs an external utility called JpegTRAN to work.
68737
7490248dce02 Tumme documentation.
Mathias Dahl <mathias.dahl@gmail.com>
parents: 68639
diff changeset
1228
60791
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1229 @node Misc Dired Features
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1230 @section Other Dired Features
52576
a90f7b4afc00 (Misc Dired Commands): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
1231
a90f7b4afc00 (Misc Dired Commands): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
1232 @cindex Adding to the kill ring in Dired.
58926
cf0908fe7bb0 (Dired Navigation): Add @r{(Dired)} to M-g.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents: 56469
diff changeset
1233 @kindex w @r{(Dired)}
52576
a90f7b4afc00 (Misc Dired Commands): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
1234 @findex dired-copy-filename-as-kill
60791
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1235 The @kbd{w} command (@code{dired-copy-filename-as-kill}) puts the
52576
a90f7b4afc00 (Misc Dired Commands): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
1236 names of the marked (or next @var{n}) files into the kill ring, as if
61300
03009601147e (Dired Visiting): `dired-view-command-alist' has been deleted.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 61047
diff changeset
1237 you had killed them with @kbd{C-w}. The names are separated by a space.
52576
a90f7b4afc00 (Misc Dired Commands): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
1238
60791
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1239 The main purpose of this command is so that you can yank the file
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1240 names into arguments for other Emacs commands. It also displays what
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1241 was pushed onto the kill ring, so you can use it to display the list
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1242 of currently marked files in the echo area. With a zero prefix
61300
03009601147e (Dired Visiting): `dired-view-command-alist' has been deleted.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 61047
diff changeset
1243 argument, this uses the absolute file name of each marked file. With
03009601147e (Dired Visiting): `dired-view-command-alist' has been deleted.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 61047
diff changeset
1244 just @kbd{C-u} as the prefix argument, it uses file names relative to
03009601147e (Dired Visiting): `dired-view-command-alist' has been deleted.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 61047
diff changeset
1245 the Dired buffer's default directory. (This can still contain slashes
03009601147e (Dired Visiting): `dired-view-command-alist' has been deleted.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 61047
diff changeset
1246 if in a subdirectory.) As a special case, if point is on a directory
03009601147e (Dired Visiting): `dired-view-command-alist' has been deleted.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 61047
diff changeset
1247 headerline, @kbd{w} gives you the absolute name of that directory.
03009601147e (Dired Visiting): `dired-view-command-alist' has been deleted.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 61047
diff changeset
1248 Any prefix argument or marked files are ignored in this case.
60791
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1249
61846
56236a372355 (Misc Dired Features): Document dired-compare-directories.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 61300
diff changeset
1250 @findex dired-compare-directories
56236a372355 (Misc Dired Features): Document dired-compare-directories.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 61300
diff changeset
1251 The command @kbd{M-x dired-compare-directories} is used to compare
56236a372355 (Misc Dired Features): Document dired-compare-directories.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 61300
diff changeset
1252 the current Dired buffer with another directory. It marks all the files
56236a372355 (Misc Dired Features): Document dired-compare-directories.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 61300
diff changeset
1253 that are ``different'' between the two directories. It puts these marks
56236a372355 (Misc Dired Features): Document dired-compare-directories.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 61300
diff changeset
1254 in all Dired buffers where these files are listed, which of course includes
56236a372355 (Misc Dired Features): Document dired-compare-directories.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 61300
diff changeset
1255 the current buffer.
56236a372355 (Misc Dired Features): Document dired-compare-directories.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 61300
diff changeset
1256
56236a372355 (Misc Dired Features): Document dired-compare-directories.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 61300
diff changeset
1257 The default comparison method (used if you type @key{RET} at the
56236a372355 (Misc Dired Features): Document dired-compare-directories.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 61300
diff changeset
1258 prompt) is to compare just the file names---each file name that does
56236a372355 (Misc Dired Features): Document dired-compare-directories.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 61300
diff changeset
1259 not appear in the other directory is ``different''. You can specify
56236a372355 (Misc Dired Features): Document dired-compare-directories.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 61300
diff changeset
1260 more stringent comparisons by entering a Lisp expression, which can
56236a372355 (Misc Dired Features): Document dired-compare-directories.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 61300
diff changeset
1261 refer to the variables @code{size1} and @code{size2}, the respective
56236a372355 (Misc Dired Features): Document dired-compare-directories.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 61300
diff changeset
1262 file sizes; @code{mtime1} and @code{mtime2}, the last modification
56236a372355 (Misc Dired Features): Document dired-compare-directories.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 61300
diff changeset
1263 times in seconds, as floating point numers; and @code{fa1} and
56236a372355 (Misc Dired Features): Document dired-compare-directories.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 61300
diff changeset
1264 @code{fa2}, the respective file attribute lists (as returned by the
56236a372355 (Misc Dired Features): Document dired-compare-directories.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 61300
diff changeset
1265 function @code{file-attributes}). This expression is evaluated for
56236a372355 (Misc Dired Features): Document dired-compare-directories.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 61300
diff changeset
1266 each pair of like-named files, and if the expression's value is
56236a372355 (Misc Dired Features): Document dired-compare-directories.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 61300
diff changeset
1267 non-@code{nil}, those files are considered ``different''.
56236a372355 (Misc Dired Features): Document dired-compare-directories.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 61300
diff changeset
1268
56236a372355 (Misc Dired Features): Document dired-compare-directories.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 61300
diff changeset
1269 For instance, @code{M-x dired-compare-directories @key{RET} (>
56236a372355 (Misc Dired Features): Document dired-compare-directories.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 61300
diff changeset
1270 mtime1 mtime2) @key{RET}} marks files newer in this directory than in
56236a372355 (Misc Dired Features): Document dired-compare-directories.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 61300
diff changeset
1271 the other, and marks files older in the other directory than in this
56236a372355 (Misc Dired Features): Document dired-compare-directories.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 61300
diff changeset
1272 one. It also marks files with no counterpart, in both directories, as
56236a372355 (Misc Dired Features): Document dired-compare-directories.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 61300
diff changeset
1273 always.
56236a372355 (Misc Dired Features): Document dired-compare-directories.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 61300
diff changeset
1274
56236a372355 (Misc Dired Features): Document dired-compare-directories.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 61300
diff changeset
1275 @cindex drag and drop, Dired
60791
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1276 On the X window system, Emacs supports the ``drag and drop''
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1277 protocol. You can drag a file object from another program, and drop
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1278 it onto a Dired buffer; this either moves, copies, or creates a link
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1279 to the file in that directory. Precisely which action is taken is
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1280 determined by the originating program. Dragging files out of a Dired
fa4296e0e363 (Misc Dired Features): Rename node from Misc Dired Commands.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60103
diff changeset
1281 buffer is currently not supported.
52576
a90f7b4afc00 (Misc Dired Commands): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
1282
52401
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 46203
diff changeset
1283 @ignore
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 46203
diff changeset
1284 arch-tag: d105f9b9-fc1b-4c5f-a949-9b2cf3ca2fc1
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 46203
diff changeset
1285 @end ignore