Mercurial > emacs
annotate lispref/frames.texi @ 61977:4039ddc27a88
(function-key-map): Call substitute-key-definition
before the keymap size keymap is increased by a lot of define-key
calls.
author | Dan Nicolaescu <dann@ics.uci.edu> |
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date | Sun, 01 May 2005 16:37:19 +0000 |
parents | 823da03182ac |
children | 9208ec58c990 29e773288013 |
rev | line source |
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6547 | 1 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. | |
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2004 |
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4 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
6547 | 5 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. |
6 @setfilename ../info/frames | |
7 @node Frames, Positions, Windows, Top | |
8 @chapter Frames | |
9 @cindex frame | |
10 | |
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11 A @dfn{frame} is a rectangle on the screen that contains one or more |
6547 | 12 Emacs windows. A frame initially contains a single main window (plus |
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13 perhaps a minibuffer window), which you can subdivide vertically or |
6547 | 14 horizontally into smaller windows. |
15 | |
16 @cindex terminal frame | |
12067 | 17 When Emacs runs on a text-only terminal, it starts with one |
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18 @dfn{terminal frame}. If you create additional ones, Emacs displays |
12067 | 19 one and only one at any given time---on the terminal screen, of course. |
20 | |
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21 @cindex window frame |
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22 When Emacs communicates directly with a supported window system, such |
35476 | 23 as X, it does not have a terminal frame; instead, it starts with |
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24 a single @dfn{window frame}, but you can create more, and Emacs can |
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25 display several such frames at once as is usual for window systems. |
6547 | 26 |
27 @defun framep object | |
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28 This predicate returns a non-@code{nil} value if @var{object} is a |
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29 frame, and @code{nil} otherwise. For a frame, the value indicates which |
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30 kind of display the frame uses: |
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31 |
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32 @table @code |
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33 @item x |
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34 The frame is displayed in an X window. |
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35 @item t |
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36 A terminal frame on a character display. |
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37 @item mac |
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38 The frame is displayed on a Macintosh. |
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39 @item w32 |
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40 The frame is displayed on MS-Windows 9X/NT. |
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41 @item pc |
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42 The frame is displayed on an MS-DOS terminal. |
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43 @end table |
6547 | 44 @end defun |
45 | |
46 @menu | |
12067 | 47 * Creating Frames:: Creating additional frames. |
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48 * Multiple Displays:: Creating frames on other displays. |
6547 | 49 * Frame Parameters:: Controlling frame size, position, font, etc. |
12067 | 50 * Frame Titles:: Automatic updating of frame titles. |
6547 | 51 * Deleting Frames:: Frames last until explicitly deleted. |
52 * Finding All Frames:: How to examine all existing frames. | |
53 * Frames and Windows:: A frame contains windows; | |
54 display of text always works through windows. | |
55 * Minibuffers and Frames:: How a frame finds the minibuffer to use. | |
56 * Input Focus:: Specifying the selected frame. | |
57 * Visibility of Frames:: Frames may be visible or invisible, or icons. | |
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58 * Raising and Lowering:: Raising a frame makes it hide other windows; |
54030 | 59 lowering it makes the others hide it. |
6547 | 60 * Frame Configurations:: Saving the state of all frames. |
61 * Mouse Tracking:: Getting events that say when the mouse moves. | |
62 * Mouse Position:: Asking where the mouse is, or moving it. | |
63 * Pop-Up Menus:: Displaying a menu for the user to select from. | |
64 * Dialog Boxes:: Displaying a box to ask yes or no. | |
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65 * Pointer Shapes:: Specifying the shape of the mouse pointer. |
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66 * Window System Selections:: Transferring text to and from other X clients. |
12098 | 67 * Color Names:: Getting the definitions of color names. |
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68 * Text Terminal Colors:: Defining colors for text-only terminals. |
6547 | 69 * Resources:: Getting resource values from the server. |
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70 * Display Feature Testing:: Determining the features of a terminal. |
6547 | 71 @end menu |
72 | |
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73 @xref{Display}, for information about the related topic of |
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74 controlling Emacs redisplay. |
6547 | 75 |
76 @node Creating Frames | |
77 @section Creating Frames | |
78 | |
79 To create a new frame, call the function @code{make-frame}. | |
80 | |
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81 @defun make-frame &optional alist |
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82 This function creates and returns a new frame, displaying the current |
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83 buffer. If you are using a supported window system, it makes a window |
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84 frame; otherwise, it makes a terminal frame. |
6547 | 85 |
86 The argument is an alist specifying frame parameters. Any parameters | |
87 not mentioned in @var{alist} default according to the value of the | |
12098 | 88 variable @code{default-frame-alist}; parameters not specified even there |
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89 default from the standard X resources or whatever is used instead on |
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90 your system. |
6547 | 91 |
92 The set of possible parameters depends in principle on what kind of | |
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93 window system Emacs uses to display its frames. @xref{Window Frame |
12067 | 94 Parameters}, for documentation of individual parameters you can specify. |
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95 |
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96 This function itself does not make the new frame the selected frame. |
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97 @xref{Input Focus}. The previously selected frame remains selected. |
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98 However, the window system may select the new frame for its own reasons, |
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99 for instance if the frame appears under the mouse pointer and your |
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100 setup is for focus to follow the pointer. |
6547 | 101 @end defun |
102 | |
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103 @defvar before-make-frame-hook |
6547 | 104 A normal hook run by @code{make-frame} before it actually creates the |
105 frame. | |
106 @end defvar | |
107 | |
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108 @defvar after-make-frame-functions |
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109 @tindex after-make-frame-functions |
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110 An abnormal hook run by @code{make-frame} after it creates the frame. |
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111 Each function in @code{after-make-frame-functions} receives one argument, the |
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112 frame just created. |
6547 | 113 @end defvar |
114 | |
12067 | 115 @node Multiple Displays |
116 @section Multiple Displays | |
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117 @cindex multiple X displays |
12067 | 118 @cindex displays, multiple |
119 | |
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120 A single Emacs can talk to more than one X display. |
12067 | 121 Initially, Emacs uses just one display---the one chosen with the |
122 @code{DISPLAY} environment variable or with the @samp{--display} option | |
123 (@pxref{Initial Options,,, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}). To connect to | |
124 another display, use the command @code{make-frame-on-display} or specify | |
125 the @code{display} frame parameter when you create the frame. | |
126 | |
127 Emacs treats each X server as a separate terminal, giving each one its | |
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128 own selected frame and its own minibuffer windows. However, only one of |
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129 those frames is ``@emph{the} selected frame'' at any given moment, see |
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130 @ref{Input Focus}. |
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131 |
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132 A few Lisp variables are @dfn{terminal-local}; that is, they have a |
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133 separate binding for each terminal. The binding in effect at any time |
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134 is the one for the terminal that the currently selected frame belongs |
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135 to. These variables include @code{default-minibuffer-frame}, |
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136 @code{defining-kbd-macro}, @code{last-kbd-macro}, and |
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137 @code{system-key-alist}. They are always terminal-local, and can never |
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138 be buffer-local (@pxref{Buffer-Local Variables}) or frame-local. |
12067 | 139 |
140 A single X server can handle more than one screen. A display name | |
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141 @samp{@var{host}:@var{server}.@var{screen}} has three parts; the last |
12067 | 142 part specifies the screen number for a given server. When you use two |
143 screens belonging to one server, Emacs knows by the similarity in their | |
144 names that they share a single keyboard, and it treats them as a single | |
145 terminal. | |
146 | |
147 @deffn Command make-frame-on-display display &optional parameters | |
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148 This creates and returns a new frame on display @var{display}, taking |
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149 the other frame parameters from @var{parameters}. Aside from the |
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150 @var{display} argument, it is like @code{make-frame} (@pxref{Creating |
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151 Frames}). |
12067 | 152 @end deffn |
153 | |
154 @defun x-display-list | |
155 This returns a list that indicates which X displays Emacs has a | |
12098 | 156 connection to. The elements of the list are strings, and each one is |
157 a display name. | |
12067 | 158 @end defun |
159 | |
26388 | 160 @defun x-open-connection display &optional xrm-string must-succeed |
12067 | 161 This function opens a connection to the X display @var{display}. It |
162 does not create a frame on that display, but it permits you to check | |
163 that communication can be established with that display. | |
164 | |
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165 The optional argument @var{xrm-string}, if not @code{nil}, is a |
12098 | 166 string of resource names and values, in the same format used in the |
167 @file{.Xresources} file. The values you specify override the resource | |
168 values recorded in the X server itself; they apply to all Emacs frames | |
169 created on this display. Here's an example of what this string might | |
170 look like: | |
171 | |
172 @example | |
173 "*BorderWidth: 3\n*InternalBorder: 2\n" | |
174 @end example | |
175 | |
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176 @xref{X Resources,, X Resources, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. |
26388 | 177 |
178 If @var{must-succeed} is non-@code{nil}, failure to open the connection | |
179 terminates Emacs. Otherwise, it is an ordinary Lisp error. | |
12067 | 180 @end defun |
181 | |
182 @defun x-close-connection display | |
183 This function closes the connection to display @var{display}. Before | |
184 you can do this, you must first delete all the frames that were open on | |
185 that display (@pxref{Deleting Frames}). | |
186 @end defun | |
187 | |
6547 | 188 @node Frame Parameters |
189 @section Frame Parameters | |
190 | |
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191 A frame has many parameters that control its appearance and behavior. |
6547 | 192 Just what parameters a frame has depends on what display mechanism it |
193 uses. | |
194 | |
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195 Frame parameters exist mostly for the sake of window systems. A |
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196 terminal frame has a few parameters, mostly for compatibility's sake; |
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197 only the @code{height}, @code{width}, @code{name}, @code{title}, |
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198 @code{menu-bar-lines}, @code{buffer-list} and @code{buffer-predicate} |
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199 parameters do something special. If the terminal supports colors, the |
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200 parameters @code{foreground-color}, @code{background-color}, |
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201 @code{background-mode} and @code{display-type} are also meaningful. |
6547 | 202 |
203 @menu | |
204 * Parameter Access:: How to change a frame's parameters. | |
205 * Initial Parameters:: Specifying frame parameters when you make a frame. | |
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206 * Window Frame Parameters:: List of frame parameters for window systems. |
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207 * Size and Position:: Changing the size and position of a frame. |
6547 | 208 @end menu |
209 | |
210 @node Parameter Access | |
211 @subsection Access to Frame Parameters | |
212 | |
213 These functions let you read and change the parameter values of a | |
214 frame. | |
215 | |
26388 | 216 @defun frame-parameter frame parameter |
217 @tindex frame-parameter | |
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218 This function returns the value of the parameter @var{parameter} (a |
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219 symbol) of @var{frame}. If @var{frame} is @code{nil}, it returns the |
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220 selected frame's parameter. If @var{frame} has no setting for |
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221 @var{parameter}, this function returns @code{nil}. |
26388 | 222 @end defun |
223 | |
54030 | 224 @defun frame-parameters &optional frame |
6547 | 225 The function @code{frame-parameters} returns an alist listing all the |
54030 | 226 parameters of @var{frame} and their values. If @var{frame} is |
227 @code{nil} or omitted, this returns the selected frame's parameters | |
6547 | 228 @end defun |
229 | |
230 @defun modify-frame-parameters frame alist | |
231 This function alters the parameters of frame @var{frame} based on the | |
232 elements of @var{alist}. Each element of @var{alist} has the form | |
233 @code{(@var{parm} . @var{value})}, where @var{parm} is a symbol naming a | |
234 parameter. If you don't mention a parameter in @var{alist}, its value | |
54030 | 235 doesn't change. If @var{frame} is @code{nil}, it defaults to the selected |
236 frame. | |
6547 | 237 @end defun |
238 | |
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239 @defun modify-all-frames-parameters alist |
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240 This function alters the frame parameters of all existing frames |
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241 according to @var{alist}, then modifies @code{default-frame-alist} |
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242 (and, if necessary, @code{initial-frame-alist}) to apply the same |
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243 parameter values to frames that will be created henceforth. |
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244 @end defun |
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245 |
6547 | 246 @node Initial Parameters |
247 @subsection Initial Frame Parameters | |
248 | |
249 You can specify the parameters for the initial startup frame | |
25875 | 250 by setting @code{initial-frame-alist} in your init file (@pxref{Init File}). |
6547 | 251 |
252 @defvar initial-frame-alist | |
253 This variable's value is an alist of parameter values used when creating | |
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254 the initial window frame. You can set this variable to specify the |
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255 appearance of the initial frame without altering subsequent frames. |
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256 Each element has the form: |
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257 |
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258 @example |
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259 (@var{parameter} . @var{value}) |
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260 @end example |
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261 |
25875 | 262 Emacs creates the initial frame before it reads your init |
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263 file. After reading that file, Emacs checks @code{initial-frame-alist}, |
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264 and applies the parameter settings in the altered value to the already |
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265 created initial frame. |
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266 |
12098 | 267 If these settings affect the frame geometry and appearance, you'll see |
268 the frame appear with the wrong ones and then change to the specified | |
269 ones. If that bothers you, you can specify the same geometry and | |
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270 appearance with X resources; those do take effect before the frame is |
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271 created. @xref{X Resources,, X Resources, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. |
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272 |
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273 X resource settings typically apply to all frames. If you want to |
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274 specify some X resources solely for the sake of the initial frame, and |
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275 you don't want them to apply to subsequent frames, here's how to achieve |
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276 this. Specify parameters in @code{default-frame-alist} to override the |
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277 X resources for subsequent frames; then, to prevent these from affecting |
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278 the initial frame, specify the same parameters in |
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279 @code{initial-frame-alist} with values that match the X resources. |
6547 | 280 @end defvar |
281 | |
12098 | 282 If these parameters specify a separate minibuffer-only frame with |
283 @code{(minibuffer . nil)}, and you have not created one, Emacs creates | |
284 one for you. | |
6547 | 285 |
286 @defvar minibuffer-frame-alist | |
287 This variable's value is an alist of parameter values used when creating | |
288 an initial minibuffer-only frame---if such a frame is needed, according | |
289 to the parameters for the main initial frame. | |
290 @end defvar | |
291 | |
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292 @defvar default-frame-alist |
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293 This is an alist specifying default values of frame parameters for all |
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294 Emacs frames---the first frame, and subsequent frames. When using the X |
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295 Window System, you can get the same results by means of X resources |
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296 in many cases. |
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297 |
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298 Setting this variable does not affect existing frames. |
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299 @end defvar |
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300 |
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301 See also @code{special-display-frame-alist}. @xref{Definition of |
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302 special-display-frame-alist}. |
12098 | 303 |
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304 If you use options that specify window appearance when you invoke Emacs, |
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305 they take effect by adding elements to @code{default-frame-alist}. One |
12098 | 306 exception is @samp{-geometry}, which adds the specified position to |
307 @code{initial-frame-alist} instead. @xref{Command Arguments,,, emacs, | |
308 The GNU Emacs Manual}. | |
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309 |
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310 @node Window Frame Parameters |
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311 @subsection Window Frame Parameters |
6547 | 312 |
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313 Just what parameters a frame has depends on what display mechanism it |
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314 uses. Here is a table of the parameters that have special meanings in a |
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315 window frame; of these, @code{name}, @code{title}, @code{height}, |
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316 @code{width}, @code{buffer-list} and @code{buffer-predicate} provide |
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317 meaningful information in terminal frames, and @code{tty-color-mode} |
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318 is meaningful @emph{only} in terminal frames. Frame parameter whose |
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319 values measured in pixels, when used on text-only terminals, count |
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320 characters or lines instead. |
6547 | 321 |
322 @table @code | |
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323 @item display |
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324 The display on which to open this frame. It should be a string of the |
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325 form @code{"@var{host}:@var{dpy}.@var{screen}"}, just like the |
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326 @code{DISPLAY} environment variable. |
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327 |
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328 @item title |
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329 If a frame has a non-@code{nil} title, it appears in the window system's |
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330 border for the frame, and also in the mode line of windows in that frame |
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331 if @code{mode-line-frame-identification} uses @samp{%F} |
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332 (@pxref{%-Constructs}). This is normally the case when Emacs is not |
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333 using a window system, and can only display one frame at a time. |
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334 @xref{Frame Titles}. |
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335 |
6547 | 336 @item name |
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337 The name of the frame. The frame name serves as a default for the frame |
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338 title, if the @code{title} parameter is unspecified or @code{nil}. If |
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339 you don't specify a name, Emacs sets the frame name automatically |
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340 (@pxref{Frame Titles}). |
6547 | 341 |
342 If you specify the frame name explicitly when you create the frame, the | |
343 name is also used (instead of the name of the Emacs executable) when | |
344 looking up X resources for the frame. | |
345 | |
346 @item left | |
12067 | 347 The screen position of the left edge, in pixels, with respect to the |
348 left edge of the screen. The value may be a positive number @var{pos}, | |
349 or a list of the form @code{(+ @var{pos})} which permits specifying a | |
350 negative @var{pos} value. | |
351 | |
352 A negative number @minus{}@var{pos}, or a list of the form @code{(- | |
353 @var{pos})}, actually specifies the position of the right edge of the | |
12098 | 354 window with respect to the right edge of the screen. A positive value |
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355 of @var{pos} counts toward the left. @strong{Reminder:} if the |
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356 parameter is a negative integer @minus{}@var{pos}, then @var{pos} is |
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357 positive. |
6547 | 358 |
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359 Some window managers ignore program-specified positions. If you want to |
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360 be sure the position you specify is not ignored, specify a |
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361 non-@code{nil} value for the @code{user-position} parameter as well. |
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362 |
6547 | 363 @item top |
12067 | 364 The screen position of the top edge, in pixels, with respect to the |
365 top edge of the screen. The value may be a positive number @var{pos}, | |
366 or a list of the form @code{(+ @var{pos})} which permits specifying a | |
367 negative @var{pos} value. | |
368 | |
369 A negative number @minus{}@var{pos}, or a list of the form @code{(- | |
370 @var{pos})}, actually specifies the position of the bottom edge of the | |
12098 | 371 window with respect to the bottom edge of the screen. A positive value |
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372 of @var{pos} counts toward the top. @strong{Reminder:} if the |
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373 parameter is a negative integer @minus{}@var{pos}, then @var{pos} is |
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374 positive. |
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375 |
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376 Some window managers ignore program-specified positions. If you want to |
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377 be sure the position you specify is not ignored, specify a |
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378 non-@code{nil} value for the @code{user-position} parameter as well. |
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379 |
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380 @item icon-left |
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381 The screen position of the left edge @emph{of the frame's icon}, in |
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382 pixels, counting from the left edge of the screen. This takes effect if |
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383 and when the frame is iconified. |
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384 |
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385 If you specify a value for this parameter, then you must also specify |
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386 a value for @code{icon-top} and vice versa. The window manager may |
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387 ignore these two parameters. |
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388 |
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389 @item icon-top |
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390 The screen position of the top edge @emph{of the frame's icon}, in |
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391 pixels, counting from the top edge of the screen. This takes effect if |
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392 and when the frame is iconified. |
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393 |
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394 @item user-position |
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395 When you create a frame and specify its screen position with the |
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396 @code{left} and @code{top} parameters, use this parameter to say whether |
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397 the specified position was user-specified (explicitly requested in some |
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398 way by a human user) or merely program-specified (chosen by a program). |
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399 A non-@code{nil} value says the position was user-specified. |
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400 |
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401 Window managers generally heed user-specified positions, and some heed |
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402 program-specified positions too. But many ignore program-specified |
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403 positions, placing the window in a default fashion or letting the user |
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404 place it with the mouse. Some window managers, including @code{twm}, |
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405 let the user specify whether to obey program-specified positions or |
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406 ignore them. |
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407 |
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408 When you call @code{make-frame}, you should specify a non-@code{nil} |
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409 value for this parameter if the values of the @code{left} and @code{top} |
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410 parameters represent the user's stated preference; otherwise, use |
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411 @code{nil}. |
6547 | 412 |
413 @item height | |
7174
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414 The height of the frame contents, in characters. (To get the height in |
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415 pixels, call @code{frame-pixel-height}; see @ref{Size and Position}.) |
6547 | 416 |
417 @item width | |
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418 The width of the frame contents, in characters. (To get the height in |
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419 pixels, call @code{frame-pixel-width}; see @ref{Size and Position}.) |
6547 | 420 |
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421 @item fullscreen |
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422 Specify that width, height or both shall be set to the size of the screen. |
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423 The value @code{fullwidth} specifies that width shall be the size of the |
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424 screen. The value @code{fullheight} specifies that height shall be the |
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425 size of the screen. The value @code{fullboth} specifies that both the |
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426 width and the height shall be set to the size of the screen. |
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427 |
6547 | 428 @item window-id |
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429 The number of the window-system window used by the frame |
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430 to contain the actual Emacs windows. |
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431 |
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432 @item outer-window-id |
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433 The number of the outermost window-system window used for the whole frame. |
6547 | 434 |
435 @item minibuffer | |
436 Whether this frame has its own minibuffer. The value @code{t} means | |
437 yes, @code{nil} means no, @code{only} means this frame is just a | |
12098 | 438 minibuffer. If the value is a minibuffer window (in some other frame), |
439 the new frame uses that minibuffer. | |
6547 | 440 |
12067 | 441 @item buffer-predicate |
442 The buffer-predicate function for this frame. The function | |
443 @code{other-buffer} uses this predicate (from the selected frame) to | |
444 decide which buffers it should consider, if the predicate is not | |
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445 @code{nil}. It calls the predicate with one argument, a buffer, once for |
12067 | 446 each buffer; if the predicate returns a non-@code{nil} value, it |
447 considers that buffer. | |
448 | |
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449 @item buffer-list |
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450 A list of buffers that have been selected in this frame, |
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451 ordered most-recently-selected first. |
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452 |
6547 | 453 @item auto-raise |
454 Whether selecting the frame raises it (non-@code{nil} means yes). | |
455 | |
456 @item auto-lower | |
457 Whether deselecting the frame lowers it (non-@code{nil} means yes). | |
458 | |
459 @item vertical-scroll-bars | |
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460 Whether the frame has scroll bars for vertical scrolling, and which side |
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461 of the frame they should be on. The possible values are @code{left}, |
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462 @code{right}, and @code{nil} for no scroll bars. |
6547 | 463 |
464 @item horizontal-scroll-bars | |
465 Whether the frame has scroll bars for horizontal scrolling | |
466 (non-@code{nil} means yes). (Horizontal scroll bars are not currently | |
467 implemented.) | |
468 | |
12067 | 469 @item scroll-bar-width |
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470 The width of the vertical scroll bar, in pixels, |
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471 or @code{nil} meaning to use the default width. |
12067 | 472 |
6547 | 473 @item icon-type |
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474 The type of icon to use for this frame when it is iconified. If the |
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475 value is a string, that specifies a file containing a bitmap to use. |
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476 Any other non-@code{nil} value specifies the default bitmap icon (a |
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477 picture of a gnu); @code{nil} specifies a text icon. |
6547 | 478 |
12098 | 479 @item icon-name |
480 The name to use in the icon for this frame, when and if the icon | |
481 appears. If this is @code{nil}, the frame's title is used. | |
482 | |
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483 @item background-mode |
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484 This parameter is either @code{dark} or @code{light}, according |
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485 to whether the background color is a light one or a dark one. |
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486 |
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487 @item tty-color-mode |
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488 @cindex standard colors for character terminals |
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489 This parameter overrides the terminal's color support as given by the |
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490 system's terminal capabilities database in that this parameter's value |
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491 specifies the color mode to use in terminal frames. The value can be |
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492 either a symbol or a number. A number specifies the number of colors |
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493 to use (and, indirectly, what commands to issue to produce each |
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494 color). For example, @code{(tty-color-mode . 8)} forces Emacs to use |
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495 the ANSI escape sequences for 8 standard text colors; and a value of |
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496 -1 means Emacs should turn off color support. If the parameter's |
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497 value is a symbol, that symbol is looked up in the alist |
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498 @code{tty-color-mode-alist}, and if found, the associated number is |
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499 used as the color support mode. |
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500 |
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501 @item display-type |
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502 This parameter describes the range of possible colors that can be used |
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503 in this frame. Its value is @code{color}, @code{grayscale} or |
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504 @code{mono}. |
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505 |
6547 | 506 @item cursor-type |
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507 How to display the cursor. Legitimate values are: |
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508 |
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509 @table @code |
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510 @item box |
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511 Display a filled box. (This is the default.) |
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512 @item hollow |
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513 Display a hollow box. |
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514 @item nil |
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515 Don't display a cursor. |
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516 @item bar |
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517 Display a vertical bar between characters. |
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518 @item (bar . @var{width}) |
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519 Display a vertical bar @var{width} pixels wide between characters. |
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520 @item hbar |
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521 Display a horizontal bar. |
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522 @item (hbar . @var{height}) |
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523 Display a horizontal bar @var{height} pixels high. |
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524 @end table |
6547 | 525 |
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526 @vindex cursor-type |
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527 The buffer-local variable @code{cursor-type} overrides the value of |
54030 | 528 the @code{cursor-type} frame parameter, but if it is @code{t}, that |
529 means to use the cursor specified for the frame. | |
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530 |
6547 | 531 @item border-width |
532 The width in pixels of the window border. | |
533 | |
534 @item internal-border-width | |
535 The distance in pixels between text and border. | |
536 | |
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537 @item left-fringe |
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538 @itemx right-fringe |
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539 The default width of the left and right fringes of windows in this |
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540 frame (@pxref{Fringes}). If either of these is zero, that effectively |
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541 removes the corresponding fringe. A value of @code{nil} stands for |
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542 the standard fringe width, which is the width needed to display the |
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543 fringe bitmaps. |
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544 |
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545 The combined fringe widths must add up to an integral number of |
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546 columns, so the actual default fringe widths for the frame may be |
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547 larger than the specified values. The extra width needed to reach an |
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548 acceptable total is distributed evenly between the left and right |
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549 fringe. However, you can force one fringe or the other to a precise |
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550 width by specifying that width as a negative integer. If both widths are |
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551 negative, only the left fringe gets the specified width. |
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552 |
6547 | 553 @item unsplittable |
554 If non-@code{nil}, this frame's window is never split automatically. | |
555 | |
556 @item visibility | |
557 The state of visibility of the frame. There are three possibilities: | |
558 @code{nil} for invisible, @code{t} for visible, and @code{icon} for | |
559 iconified. @xref{Visibility of Frames}. | |
560 | |
561 @item menu-bar-lines | |
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562 The number of lines to allocate at the top of the frame for a menu |
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563 bar. The default is 1. A value of @code{nil} means don't display a |
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564 menu bar. @xref{Menu Bar}. (The X toolkit and GTK allow at most one |
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565 menu bar line; they treat larger values as 1.) |
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|
566 |
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567 @item tool-bar-lines |
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568 The number of lines to use for the tool bar. A value of @code{nil} |
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569 means don't display a tool bar. (GTK allows at most one tool bar line; |
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|
570 it treats larger values as 1.) |
6547 | 571 |
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572 @item screen-gamma |
31375 | 573 @cindex gamma correction |
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574 If this is a number, Emacs performs ``gamma correction'' which adjusts |
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575 the brightness of all colors. The value should be the screen gamma of |
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576 your display, a floating point number. |
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577 |
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578 Usual PC monitors have a screen gamma of 2.2, so color values in |
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579 Emacs, and in X windows generally, are calibrated to display properly |
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580 on a monitor with that gamma value. If you specify 2.2 for |
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581 @code{screen-gamma}, that means no correction is needed. Other values |
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582 request correction, designed to make the corrected colors appear on |
56535
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|
583 your screen the way they would have appeared without correction on an |
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584 ordinary monitor with a gamma value of 2.2. |
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|
585 |
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586 If your monitor displays colors too light, you should specify a |
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587 @code{screen-gamma} value smaller than 2.2. This requests correction |
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588 that makes colors darker. A screen gamma value of 1.5 may give good |
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589 results for LCD color displays. |
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590 |
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591 @item line-spacing |
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592 Additional space put below text lines, in pixels (a positive integer) |
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593 |
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594 @item wait-for-wm |
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595 If non-@code{nil}, tell Xt to wait for the window manager to confirm |
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596 geometry changes. Some window managers, including versions of Fvwm2 |
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597 and KDE, fail to confirm, so Xt hangs. Set this to @code{nil} to |
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598 prevent hanging with those window managers. |
31375 | 599 |
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600 @ignore |
6547 | 601 @item parent-id |
602 @c ??? Not yet working. | |
603 The X window number of the window that should be the parent of this one. | |
604 Specifying this lets you create an Emacs window inside some other | |
605 application's window. (It is not certain this will be implemented; try | |
606 it and see if it works.) | |
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607 @end ignore |
6547 | 608 @end table |
609 | |
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610 @defvar blink-cursor-alist |
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611 This variable specifies how to blink the cursor. Each element has the |
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612 form @code{(@var{on-state} . @var{off-state})}. Whenever the cursor |
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613 type equals @var{on-state} (comparing using @code{equal}), Emacs uses |
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614 @var{off-state} to specify what the cursor looks like when it blinks |
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615 ``off''. Both @var{on-state} and @var{off-state} should be suitable |
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616 values for the @code{cursor-type} frame parameter. |
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617 |
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618 There are various defaults for how to blink each type of cursor, |
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619 if the type is not mentioned as an @var{on-state} here. Changes |
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620 in this variable do not take effect immediately, because the variable |
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621 is examined only when you specify a cursor type for a frame. |
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622 @end defvar |
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623 |
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624 These frame parameters are semi-obsolete in that they are automatically |
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625 equivalent to particular face attributes of particular faces. |
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626 |
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627 @table @code |
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628 @item font |
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629 The name of the font for displaying text in the frame. This is a |
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630 string, either a valid font name for your system or the name of an Emacs |
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631 fontset (@pxref{Fontsets}). It is equivalent to the @code{font} |
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632 attribute of the @code{default} face. |
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633 |
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634 @item foreground-color |
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635 The color to use for the image of a character. It is equivalent to |
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636 the @code{:foreground} attribute of the @code{default} face. |
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637 |
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638 @item background-color |
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639 The color to use for the background of characters. It is equivalent to |
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640 the @code{:background} attribute of the @code{default} face. |
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641 |
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642 @item mouse-color |
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643 The color for the mouse pointer. It is equivalent to the @code{:background} |
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644 attribute of the @code{mouse} face. |
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645 |
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|
646 @item cursor-color |
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647 The color for the cursor that shows point. It is equivalent to the |
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648 @code{:background} attribute of the @code{cursor} face. |
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649 |
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650 @item border-color |
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651 The color for the border of the frame. It is equivalent to the |
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652 @code{:background} attribute of the @code{border} face. |
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653 |
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654 @item scroll-bar-foreground |
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655 If non-@code{nil}, the color for the foreground of scroll bars. It is |
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656 equivalent to the @code{:foreground} attribute of the |
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657 @code{scroll-bar} face. |
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658 |
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659 @item scroll-bar-background |
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660 If non-@code{nil}, the color for the background of scroll bars. It is |
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661 equivalent to the @code{:background} attribute of the |
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662 @code{scroll-bar} face. |
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663 @end table |
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664 |
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665 @node Size and Position |
6547 | 666 @subsection Frame Size And Position |
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667 @cindex size of frame |
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668 @cindex screen size |
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669 @cindex frame size |
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670 @cindex resize frame |
6547 | 671 |
672 You can read or change the size and position of a frame using the | |
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673 frame parameters @code{left}, @code{top}, @code{height}, and |
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674 @code{width}. Whatever geometry parameters you don't specify are chosen |
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675 by the window manager in its usual fashion. |
6547 | 676 |
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677 Here are some special features for working with sizes and positions. |
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678 (For the precise meaning of ``selected frame'' used by these functions, |
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679 see @ref{Input Focus}.) |
6547 | 680 |
681 @defun set-frame-position frame left top | |
12098 | 682 This function sets the position of the top left corner of @var{frame} to |
683 @var{left} and @var{top}. These arguments are measured in pixels, and | |
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684 normally count from the top left corner of the screen. |
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685 |
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686 Negative parameter values position the bottom edge of the window up from |
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687 the bottom edge of the screen, or the right window edge to the left of |
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688 the right edge of the screen. It would probably be better if the values |
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689 were always counted from the left and top, so that negative arguments |
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690 would position the frame partly off the top or left edge of the screen, |
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691 but it seems inadvisable to change that now. |
6547 | 692 @end defun |
693 | |
694 @defun frame-height &optional frame | |
695 @defunx frame-width &optional frame | |
696 These functions return the height and width of @var{frame}, measured in | |
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697 lines and columns. If you don't supply @var{frame}, they use the |
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698 selected frame. |
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699 @end defun |
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700 |
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701 @defun screen-height |
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702 @defunx screen-width |
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703 These functions are old aliases for @code{frame-height} and |
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704 @code{frame-width}. When you are using a non-window terminal, the size |
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705 of the frame is normally the same as the size of the terminal screen. |
6547 | 706 @end defun |
707 | |
708 @defun frame-pixel-height &optional frame | |
709 @defunx frame-pixel-width &optional frame | |
710 These functions return the height and width of @var{frame}, measured in | |
711 pixels. If you don't supply @var{frame}, they use the selected frame. | |
712 @end defun | |
713 | |
714 @defun frame-char-height &optional frame | |
715 @defunx frame-char-width &optional frame | |
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716 These functions return the height and width of a character in |
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717 @var{frame}, measured in pixels. The values depend on the choice of |
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718 font. If you don't supply @var{frame}, these functions use the selected |
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719 frame. |
6547 | 720 @end defun |
721 | |
722 @defun set-frame-size frame cols rows | |
7174
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723 This function sets the size of @var{frame}, measured in characters; |
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724 @var{cols} and @var{rows} specify the new width and height. |
6547 | 725 |
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726 To set the size based on values measured in pixels, use |
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727 @code{frame-char-height} and @code{frame-char-width} to convert |
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728 them to units of characters. |
6547 | 729 @end defun |
730 | |
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731 @defun set-frame-height frame lines &optional pretend |
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732 This function resizes @var{frame} to a height of @var{lines} lines. The |
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733 sizes of existing windows in @var{frame} are altered proportionally to |
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734 fit. |
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735 |
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736 If @var{pretend} is non-@code{nil}, then Emacs displays @var{lines} |
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737 lines of output in @var{frame}, but does not change its value for the |
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738 actual height of the frame. This is only useful for a terminal frame. |
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739 Using a smaller height than the terminal actually implements may be |
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740 useful to reproduce behavior observed on a smaller screen, or if the |
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741 terminal malfunctions when using its whole screen. Setting the frame |
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742 height ``for real'' does not always work, because knowing the correct |
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743 actual size may be necessary for correct cursor positioning on a |
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744 terminal frame. |
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745 @end defun |
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746 |
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747 @defun set-frame-width frame width &optional pretend |
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748 This function sets the width of @var{frame}, measured in characters. |
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749 The argument @var{pretend} has the same meaning as in |
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750 @code{set-frame-height}. |
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751 @end defun |
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752 |
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753 @findex set-screen-height |
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754 @findex set-screen-width |
22267
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755 The older functions @code{set-screen-height} and |
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756 @code{set-screen-width} were used to specify the height and width of the |
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757 screen, in Emacs versions that did not support multiple frames. They |
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758 are semi-obsolete, but still work; they apply to the selected frame. |
6547 | 759 |
760 @defun x-parse-geometry geom | |
761 @cindex geometry specification | |
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762 The function @code{x-parse-geometry} converts a standard X window |
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763 geometry string to an alist that you can use as part of the argument to |
6547 | 764 @code{make-frame}. |
765 | |
766 The alist describes which parameters were specified in @var{geom}, and | |
767 gives the values specified for them. Each element looks like | |
768 @code{(@var{parameter} . @var{value})}. The possible @var{parameter} | |
769 values are @code{left}, @code{top}, @code{width}, and @code{height}. | |
770 | |
12067 | 771 For the size parameters, the value must be an integer. The position |
772 parameter names @code{left} and @code{top} are not totally accurate, | |
773 because some values indicate the position of the right or bottom edges | |
774 instead. These are the @var{value} possibilities for the position | |
775 parameters: | |
776 | |
777 @table @asis | |
778 @item an integer | |
779 A positive integer relates the left edge or top edge of the window to | |
780 the left or top edge of the screen. A negative integer relates the | |
781 right or bottom edge of the window to the right or bottom edge of the | |
782 screen. | |
783 | |
12098 | 784 @item @code{(+ @var{position})} |
12067 | 785 This specifies the position of the left or top edge of the window |
786 relative to the left or top edge of the screen. The integer | |
787 @var{position} may be positive or negative; a negative value specifies a | |
788 position outside the screen. | |
789 | |
12098 | 790 @item @code{(- @var{position})} |
12067 | 791 This specifies the position of the right or bottom edge of the window |
792 relative to the right or bottom edge of the screen. The integer | |
793 @var{position} may be positive or negative; a negative value specifies a | |
794 position outside the screen. | |
795 @end table | |
796 | |
797 Here is an example: | |
798 | |
12098 | 799 @example |
6547 | 800 (x-parse-geometry "35x70+0-0") |
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801 @result{} ((height . 70) (width . 35) |
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802 (top - 0) (left . 0)) |
12098 | 803 @end example |
6547 | 804 @end defun |
805 | |
12067 | 806 @node Frame Titles |
807 @section Frame Titles | |
808 | |
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809 Every frame has a @code{name} parameter; this serves as the default |
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810 for the frame title which window systems typically display at the top of |
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811 the frame. You can specify a name explicitly by setting the @code{name} |
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812 frame property. |
12067 | 813 |
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814 Normally you don't specify the name explicitly, and Emacs computes the |
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815 frame name automatically based on a template stored in the variable |
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816 @code{frame-title-format}. Emacs recomputes the name each time the |
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817 frame is redisplayed. |
12067 | 818 |
819 @defvar frame-title-format | |
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820 This variable specifies how to compute a name for a frame when you have |
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821 not explicitly specified one. The variable's value is actually a mode |
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822 line construct, just like @code{mode-line-format}. @xref{Mode Line |
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823 Data}. |
12067 | 824 @end defvar |
825 | |
826 @defvar icon-title-format | |
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827 This variable specifies how to compute the name for an iconified frame, |
12067 | 828 when you have not explicitly specified the frame title. This title |
829 appears in the icon itself. | |
830 @end defvar | |
831 | |
832 @defvar multiple-frames | |
833 This variable is set automatically by Emacs. Its value is @code{t} when | |
834 there are two or more frames (not counting minibuffer-only frames or | |
835 invisible frames). The default value of @code{frame-title-format} uses | |
836 @code{multiple-frames} so as to put the buffer name in the frame title | |
837 only when there is more than one frame. | |
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838 |
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839 The value of this variable is not guaranteed to be accurate except |
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840 while processing @code{frame-title-format} or |
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841 @code{icon-title-format}. |
12067 | 842 @end defvar |
843 | |
6547 | 844 @node Deleting Frames |
845 @section Deleting Frames | |
846 @cindex deletion of frames | |
847 | |
848 Frames remain potentially visible until you explicitly @dfn{delete} | |
849 them. A deleted frame cannot appear on the screen, but continues to | |
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850 exist as a Lisp object until there are no references to it. |
6547 | 851 |
26388 | 852 @deffn Command delete-frame &optional frame force |
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853 @vindex delete-frame-functions |
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854 This function deletes the frame @var{frame}. Unless @var{frame} is a |
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855 tooltip, it first runs the hook @code{delete-frame-functions} (each |
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856 function gets one argument, @var{frame}). By default, @var{frame} is |
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857 the selected frame. |
26388 | 858 |
859 A frame cannot be deleted if its minibuffer is used by other frames. | |
860 Normally, you cannot delete a frame if all other frames are invisible, | |
861 but if the @var{force} is non-@code{nil}, then you are allowed to do so. | |
6547 | 862 @end deffn |
863 | |
864 @defun frame-live-p frame | |
865 The function @code{frame-live-p} returns non-@code{nil} if the frame | |
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866 @var{frame} has not been deleted. The possible non-@code{nil} return |
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867 values are like those of @code{framep}. @xref{Frames}. |
6547 | 868 @end defun |
869 | |
12067 | 870 Some window managers provide a command to delete a window. These work |
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871 by sending a special message to the program that operates the window. |
12067 | 872 When Emacs gets one of these commands, it generates a |
873 @code{delete-frame} event, whose normal definition is a command that | |
874 calls the function @code{delete-frame}. @xref{Misc Events}. | |
875 | |
6547 | 876 @node Finding All Frames |
877 @section Finding All Frames | |
878 | |
879 @defun frame-list | |
880 The function @code{frame-list} returns a list of all the frames that | |
881 have not been deleted. It is analogous to @code{buffer-list} for | |
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882 buffers, and includes frames on all terminals. The list that you get is |
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883 newly created, so modifying the list doesn't have any effect on the |
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884 internals of Emacs. |
6547 | 885 @end defun |
886 | |
887 @defun visible-frame-list | |
888 This function returns a list of just the currently visible frames. | |
12067 | 889 @xref{Visibility of Frames}. (Terminal frames always count as |
890 ``visible'', even though only the selected one is actually displayed.) | |
6547 | 891 @end defun |
892 | |
893 @defun next-frame &optional frame minibuf | |
894 The function @code{next-frame} lets you cycle conveniently through all | |
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895 the frames on the current display from an arbitrary starting point. It |
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896 returns the ``next'' frame after @var{frame} in the cycle. If |
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897 @var{frame} is omitted or @code{nil}, it defaults to the selected frame |
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898 (@pxref{Input Focus}). |
6547 | 899 |
900 The second argument, @var{minibuf}, says which frames to consider: | |
901 | |
902 @table @asis | |
903 @item @code{nil} | |
904 Exclude minibuffer-only frames. | |
905 @item @code{visible} | |
906 Consider all visible frames. | |
12098 | 907 @item 0 |
908 Consider all visible or iconified frames. | |
6547 | 909 @item a window |
910 Consider only the frames using that particular window as their | |
911 minibuffer. | |
912 @item anything else | |
913 Consider all frames. | |
914 @end table | |
915 @end defun | |
916 | |
917 @defun previous-frame &optional frame minibuf | |
918 Like @code{next-frame}, but cycles through all frames in the opposite | |
919 direction. | |
920 @end defun | |
921 | |
12098 | 922 See also @code{next-window} and @code{previous-window}, in @ref{Cyclic |
923 Window Ordering}. | |
924 | |
6547 | 925 @node Frames and Windows |
926 @section Frames and Windows | |
927 | |
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928 Each window is part of one and only one frame; you can get the frame |
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929 with @code{window-frame}. |
6547 | 930 |
931 @defun window-frame window | |
932 This function returns the frame that @var{window} is on. | |
933 @end defun | |
934 | |
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935 All the non-minibuffer windows in a frame are arranged in a cyclic |
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936 order. The order runs from the frame's top window, which is at the |
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937 upper left corner, down and to the right, until it reaches the window at |
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938 the lower right corner (always the minibuffer window, if the frame has |
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939 one), and then it moves back to the top. @xref{Cyclic Window Ordering}. |
7174
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940 |
54030 | 941 @defun frame-first-window &optional frame |
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942 This returns the topmost, leftmost window of frame @var{frame}. |
54030 | 943 If omitted or @code{nil}, @var{frame} defaults to the selected frame. |
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944 @end defun |
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945 |
6547 | 946 At any time, exactly one window on any frame is @dfn{selected within the |
947 frame}. The significance of this designation is that selecting the | |
948 frame also selects this window. You can get the frame's current | |
949 selected window with @code{frame-selected-window}. | |
950 | |
54030 | 951 @defun frame-selected-window &optional frame |
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952 This function returns the window on @var{frame} that is selected |
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953 within @var{frame}. If omitted or @code{nil}, @var{frame} defaults to |
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954 the selected frame. |
6547 | 955 @end defun |
956 | |
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957 @defun set-frame-selected-window frame window |
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958 This sets the selected window of frame @var{frame} to @var{window}. |
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959 If @var{frame} is @code{nil}, it operates on the selected frame. If |
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960 @var{frame} is the selected frame, this makes @var{window} the |
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961 selected window. This function returns @var{window}. |
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962 @end defun |
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963 |
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964 Conversely, selecting a window for Emacs with @code{select-window} also |
6547 | 965 makes that window selected within its frame. @xref{Selecting Windows}. |
966 | |
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967 Another function that (usually) returns one of the windows in a given |
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968 frame is @code{minibuffer-window}. @xref{Definition of minibuffer-window}. |
12098 | 969 |
6547 | 970 @node Minibuffers and Frames |
971 @section Minibuffers and Frames | |
972 | |
973 Normally, each frame has its own minibuffer window at the bottom, which | |
974 is used whenever that frame is selected. If the frame has a minibuffer, | |
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975 you can get it with @code{minibuffer-window} (@pxref{Definition of |
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976 minibuffer-window}). |
6547 | 977 |
978 However, you can also create a frame with no minibuffer. Such a frame | |
979 must use the minibuffer window of some other frame. When you create the | |
12098 | 980 frame, you can specify explicitly the minibuffer window to use (in some |
981 other frame). If you don't, then the minibuffer is found in the frame | |
982 which is the value of the variable @code{default-minibuffer-frame}. Its | |
983 value should be a frame that does have a minibuffer. | |
6547 | 984 |
985 If you use a minibuffer-only frame, you might want that frame to raise | |
986 when you enter the minibuffer. If so, set the variable | |
987 @code{minibuffer-auto-raise} to @code{t}. @xref{Raising and Lowering}. | |
988 | |
12067 | 989 @defvar default-minibuffer-frame |
990 This variable specifies the frame to use for the minibuffer window, by | |
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991 default. It does not affect existing frames. It is always local to |
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992 the current terminal and cannot be buffer-local. @xref{Multiple |
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993 Displays}. |
12067 | 994 @end defvar |
995 | |
6547 | 996 @node Input Focus |
997 @section Input Focus | |
998 @cindex input focus | |
999 @cindex selected frame | |
1000 | |
1001 At any time, one frame in Emacs is the @dfn{selected frame}. The selected | |
1002 window always resides on the selected frame. | |
1003 | |
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1004 When Emacs displays its frames on several terminals (@pxref{Multiple |
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1005 Displays}), each terminal has its own selected frame. But only one of |
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1006 these is ``@emph{the} selected frame'': it's the frame that belongs to |
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1007 the terminal from which the most recent input came. That is, when Emacs |
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1008 runs a command that came from a certain terminal, the selected frame is |
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1009 the one of that terminal. Since Emacs runs only a single command at any |
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1010 given time, it needs to consider only one selected frame at a time; this |
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1011 frame is what we call @dfn{the selected frame} in this manual. The |
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1012 display on which the selected frame is displayed is the @dfn{selected |
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1013 frame's display}. |
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1014 |
6547 | 1015 @defun selected-frame |
1016 This function returns the selected frame. | |
1017 @end defun | |
1018 | |
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1019 Some window systems and window managers direct keyboard input to the |
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1020 window object that the mouse is in; others require explicit clicks or |
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1021 commands to @dfn{shift the focus} to various window objects. Either |
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1022 way, Emacs automatically keeps track of which frame has the focus. To |
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1023 switch to a different frame from a Lisp function, call |
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1024 @code{select-frame-set-input-focus}. |
6547 | 1025 |
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1026 Lisp programs can also switch frames ``temporarily'' by calling the |
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1027 function @code{select-frame}. This does not alter the window system's |
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1028 concept of focus; rather, it escapes from the window manager's control |
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1029 until that control is somehow reasserted. |
6547 | 1030 |
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1031 When using a text-only terminal, only one frame can be displayed at a |
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1032 time on the terminal, so after a call to @code{select-frame}, the next |
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1033 redisplay actually displays the newly selected frame. This frame |
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1034 remains selected until a subsequent call to @code{select-frame} or |
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1035 @code{select-frame-set-input-focus}. Each terminal frame has a number |
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1036 which appears in the mode line before the buffer name (@pxref{Mode |
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1037 Line Variables}). |
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1038 |
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1039 @defun select-frame-set-input-focus frame |
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1040 This function makes @var{frame} the selected frame, raises it (should |
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1041 it happen to be obscured by other frames) and tries to give it the X |
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1042 server's focus. On a text-only terminal, the next redisplay displays |
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1043 the new frame on the entire terminal screen. The return value of this |
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1044 function is not significant. |
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1045 @end defun |
12067 | 1046 |
6547 | 1047 @c ??? This is not yet implemented properly. |
1048 @defun select-frame frame | |
1049 This function selects frame @var{frame}, temporarily disregarding the | |
12067 | 1050 focus of the X server if any. The selection of @var{frame} lasts until |
1051 the next time the user does something to select a different frame, or | |
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1052 until the next time this function is called. (If you are using a |
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1053 window system, the previously selected frame may be restored as the |
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1054 selected frame after return to the command loop, because it still may |
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1055 have the window system's input focus.) The specified @var{frame} |
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1056 becomes the selected frame, as explained above, and the terminal that |
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1057 @var{frame} is on becomes the selected terminal. This function |
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1058 returns @var{frame}, or @code{nil} if @var{frame} has been deleted. |
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1059 |
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1060 In general, you should never use @code{select-frame} in a way that could |
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1061 switch to a different terminal without switching back when you're done. |
6547 | 1062 @end defun |
1063 | |
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1064 Emacs cooperates with the window system by arranging to select frames as |
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1065 the server and window manager request. It does so by generating a |
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1066 special kind of input event, called a @dfn{focus} event, when |
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1067 appropriate. The command loop handles a focus event by calling |
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1068 @code{handle-switch-frame}. @xref{Focus Events}. |
6547 | 1069 |
1070 @deffn Command handle-switch-frame frame | |
1071 This function handles a focus event by selecting frame @var{frame}. | |
1072 | |
1073 Focus events normally do their job by invoking this command. | |
1074 Don't call it for any other reason. | |
1075 @end deffn | |
1076 | |
54030 | 1077 @defun redirect-frame-focus frame &optional focus-frame |
6547 | 1078 This function redirects focus from @var{frame} to @var{focus-frame}. |
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1079 This means that @var{focus-frame} will receive subsequent keystrokes and |
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1080 events intended for @var{frame}. After such an event, the value of |
6547 | 1081 @code{last-event-frame} will be @var{focus-frame}. Also, switch-frame |
1082 events specifying @var{frame} will instead select @var{focus-frame}. | |
1083 | |
54030 | 1084 If @var{focus-frame} is omitted or @code{nil}, that cancels any existing |
6547 | 1085 redirection for @var{frame}, which therefore once again receives its own |
1086 events. | |
1087 | |
1088 One use of focus redirection is for frames that don't have minibuffers. | |
1089 These frames use minibuffers on other frames. Activating a minibuffer | |
1090 on another frame redirects focus to that frame. This puts the focus on | |
1091 the minibuffer's frame, where it belongs, even though the mouse remains | |
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1092 in the frame that activated the minibuffer. |
6547 | 1093 |
1094 Selecting a frame can also change focus redirections. Selecting frame | |
1095 @code{bar}, when @code{foo} had been selected, changes any redirections | |
1096 pointing to @code{foo} so that they point to @code{bar} instead. This | |
1097 allows focus redirection to work properly when the user switches from | |
1098 one frame to another using @code{select-window}. | |
1099 | |
1100 This means that a frame whose focus is redirected to itself is treated | |
1101 differently from a frame whose focus is not redirected. | |
1102 @code{select-frame} affects the former but not the latter. | |
1103 | |
1104 The redirection lasts until @code{redirect-frame-focus} is called to | |
1105 change it. | |
1106 @end defun | |
1107 | |
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1108 @defopt focus-follows-mouse |
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1109 This option is how you inform Emacs whether the window manager transfers |
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1110 focus when the user moves the mouse. Non-@code{nil} says that it does. |
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1111 When this is so, the command @code{other-frame} moves the mouse to a |
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1112 position consistent with the new selected frame. |
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1113 @end defopt |
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1114 |
6547 | 1115 @node Visibility of Frames |
1116 @section Visibility of Frames | |
1117 @cindex visible frame | |
1118 @cindex invisible frame | |
1119 @cindex iconified frame | |
1120 @cindex frame visibility | |
1121 | |
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1122 A window frame may be @dfn{visible}, @dfn{invisible}, or |
12067 | 1123 @dfn{iconified}. If it is visible, you can see its contents. If it is |
1124 iconified, the frame's contents do not appear on the screen, but an icon | |
1125 does. If the frame is invisible, it doesn't show on the screen, not | |
1126 even as an icon. | |
1127 | |
1128 Visibility is meaningless for terminal frames, since only the selected | |
1129 one is actually displayed in any case. | |
6547 | 1130 |
1131 @deffn Command make-frame-visible &optional frame | |
1132 This function makes frame @var{frame} visible. If you omit @var{frame}, | |
1133 it makes the selected frame visible. | |
1134 @end deffn | |
1135 | |
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1136 @deffn Command make-frame-invisible &optional frame force |
6547 | 1137 This function makes frame @var{frame} invisible. If you omit |
1138 @var{frame}, it makes the selected frame invisible. | |
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1139 |
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1140 Unless @var{force} is non-@code{nil}, this function refuses to make |
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1141 @var{frame} invisible if all other frames are invisible.. |
6547 | 1142 @end deffn |
1143 | |
1144 @deffn Command iconify-frame &optional frame | |
1145 This function iconifies frame @var{frame}. If you omit @var{frame}, it | |
1146 iconifies the selected frame. | |
1147 @end deffn | |
1148 | |
1149 @defun frame-visible-p frame | |
1150 This returns the visibility status of frame @var{frame}. The value is | |
1151 @code{t} if @var{frame} is visible, @code{nil} if it is invisible, and | |
1152 @code{icon} if it is iconified. | |
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1153 |
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1154 On a text-only terminal, all frames are considered visible, whether |
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1155 they are currently being displayed or not, and this function returns |
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1156 @code{t} for all frames. |
6547 | 1157 @end defun |
1158 | |
1159 The visibility status of a frame is also available as a frame | |
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1160 parameter. You can read or change it as such. @xref{Window Frame |
6547 | 1161 Parameters}. |
1162 | |
12067 | 1163 The user can iconify and deiconify frames with the window manager. |
1164 This happens below the level at which Emacs can exert any control, but | |
1165 Emacs does provide events that you can use to keep track of such | |
1166 changes. @xref{Misc Events}. | |
1167 | |
6547 | 1168 @node Raising and Lowering |
1169 @section Raising and Lowering Frames | |
1170 | |
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1171 Most window systems use a desktop metaphor. Part of this metaphor is |
6547 | 1172 the idea that windows are stacked in a notional third dimension |
1173 perpendicular to the screen surface, and thus ordered from ``highest'' | |
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1174 to ``lowest''. Where two windows overlap, the one higher up covers |
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1175 the one underneath. Even a window at the bottom of the stack can be |
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1176 seen if no other window overlaps it. |
6547 | 1177 |
1178 @cindex raising a frame | |
1179 @cindex lowering a frame | |
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1180 A window's place in this ordering is not fixed; in fact, users tend |
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1181 to change the order frequently. @dfn{Raising} a window means moving |
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1182 it ``up'', to the top of the stack. @dfn{Lowering} a window means |
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1183 moving it to the bottom of the stack. This motion is in the notional |
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1184 third dimension only, and does not change the position of the window |
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1185 on the screen. |
6547 | 1186 |
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1187 You can raise and lower Emacs frame Windows with these functions: |
6547 | 1188 |
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1189 @deffn Command raise-frame &optional frame |
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1190 This function raises frame @var{frame} (default, the selected frame). |
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1191 If @var{frame} is invisible or iconified, this makes it visible. |
12067 | 1192 @end deffn |
6547 | 1193 |
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1194 @deffn Command lower-frame &optional frame |
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1195 This function lowers frame @var{frame} (default, the selected frame). |
12067 | 1196 @end deffn |
6547 | 1197 |
1198 @defopt minibuffer-auto-raise | |
1199 If this is non-@code{nil}, activation of the minibuffer raises the frame | |
1200 that the minibuffer window is in. | |
1201 @end defopt | |
1202 | |
1203 You can also enable auto-raise (raising automatically when a frame is | |
1204 selected) or auto-lower (lowering automatically when it is deselected) | |
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1205 for any frame using frame parameters. @xref{Window Frame Parameters}. |
6547 | 1206 |
1207 @node Frame Configurations | |
1208 @section Frame Configurations | |
1209 @cindex frame configuration | |
1210 | |
1211 A @dfn{frame configuration} records the current arrangement of frames, | |
1212 all their properties, and the window configuration of each one. | |
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1213 (@xref{Window Configurations}.) |
6547 | 1214 |
1215 @defun current-frame-configuration | |
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1216 This function returns a frame configuration list that describes |
6547 | 1217 the current arrangement of frames and their contents. |
1218 @end defun | |
1219 | |
26388 | 1220 @defun set-frame-configuration configuration &optional nodelete |
6547 | 1221 This function restores the state of frames described in |
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1222 @var{configuration}. However, this function does not restore deleted |
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1223 frames. |
26388 | 1224 |
1225 Ordinarily, this function deletes all existing frames not listed in | |
1226 @var{configuration}. But if @var{nodelete} is non-@code{nil}, the | |
1227 unwanted frames are iconified instead. | |
6547 | 1228 @end defun |
1229 | |
1230 @node Mouse Tracking | |
1231 @section Mouse Tracking | |
1232 @cindex mouse tracking | |
1233 @cindex tracking the mouse | |
1234 | |
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1235 Sometimes it is useful to @dfn{track} the mouse, which means to display |
6547 | 1236 something to indicate where the mouse is and move the indicator as the |
1237 mouse moves. For efficient mouse tracking, you need a way to wait until | |
1238 the mouse actually moves. | |
1239 | |
1240 The convenient way to track the mouse is to ask for events to represent | |
1241 mouse motion. Then you can wait for motion by waiting for an event. In | |
1242 addition, you can easily handle any other sorts of events that may | |
1243 occur. That is useful, because normally you don't want to track the | |
1244 mouse forever---only until some other event, such as the release of a | |
1245 button. | |
1246 | |
1247 @defspec track-mouse body@dots{} | |
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1248 This special form executes @var{body}, with generation of mouse motion |
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1249 events enabled. Typically @var{body} would use @code{read-event} to |
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1250 read the motion events and modify the display accordingly. @xref{Motion |
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1251 Events}, for the format of mouse motion events. |
6547 | 1252 |
1253 The value of @code{track-mouse} is that of the last form in @var{body}. | |
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1254 You should design @var{body} to return when it sees the up-event that |
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1255 indicates the release of the button, or whatever kind of event means |
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1256 it is time to stop tracking. |
6547 | 1257 @end defspec |
1258 | |
1259 The usual purpose of tracking mouse motion is to indicate on the screen | |
1260 the consequences of pushing or releasing a button at the current | |
1261 position. | |
1262 | |
12098 | 1263 In many cases, you can avoid the need to track the mouse by using |
1264 the @code{mouse-face} text property (@pxref{Special Properties}). | |
1265 That works at a much lower level and runs more smoothly than | |
1266 Lisp-level mouse tracking. | |
1267 | |
6547 | 1268 @ignore |
1269 @c These are not implemented yet. | |
1270 | |
1271 These functions change the screen appearance instantaneously. The | |
1272 effect is transient, only until the next ordinary Emacs redisplay. That | |
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1273 is OK for mouse tracking, since it doesn't make sense for mouse tracking |
6547 | 1274 to change the text, and the body of @code{track-mouse} normally reads |
1275 the events itself and does not do redisplay. | |
1276 | |
1277 @defun x-contour-region window beg end | |
1278 This function draws lines to make a box around the text from @var{beg} | |
1279 to @var{end}, in window @var{window}. | |
1280 @end defun | |
1281 | |
1282 @defun x-uncontour-region window beg end | |
1283 This function erases the lines that would make a box around the text | |
1284 from @var{beg} to @var{end}, in window @var{window}. Use it to remove | |
1285 a contour that you previously made by calling @code{x-contour-region}. | |
1286 @end defun | |
1287 | |
1288 @defun x-draw-rectangle frame left top right bottom | |
1289 This function draws a hollow rectangle on frame @var{frame} with the | |
1290 specified edge coordinates, all measured in pixels from the inside top | |
1291 left corner. It uses the cursor color, the one used for indicating the | |
1292 location of point. | |
1293 @end defun | |
1294 | |
1295 @defun x-erase-rectangle frame left top right bottom | |
1296 This function erases a hollow rectangle on frame @var{frame} with the | |
1297 specified edge coordinates, all measured in pixels from the inside top | |
1298 left corner. Erasure means redrawing the text and background that | |
1299 normally belong in the specified rectangle. | |
1300 @end defun | |
1301 @end ignore | |
1302 | |
1303 @node Mouse Position | |
1304 @section Mouse Position | |
1305 @cindex mouse position | |
1306 @cindex position of mouse | |
1307 | |
1308 The functions @code{mouse-position} and @code{set-mouse-position} | |
1309 give access to the current position of the mouse. | |
1310 | |
1311 @defun mouse-position | |
1312 This function returns a description of the position of the mouse. The | |
1313 value looks like @code{(@var{frame} @var{x} . @var{y})}, where @var{x} | |
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1314 and @var{y} are integers giving the position in characters relative to |
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1315 the top left corner of the inside of @var{frame}. |
6547 | 1316 @end defun |
1317 | |
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1318 @defvar mouse-position-function |
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1319 If non-@code{nil}, the value of this variable is a function for |
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1320 @code{mouse-position} to call. @code{mouse-position} calls this |
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1321 function just before returning, with its normal return value as the |
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1322 sole argument, and it returns whatever this function returns to it. |
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1323 |
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1324 This abnormal hook exists for the benefit of packages like |
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1325 @file{xt-mouse.el} that need to do mouse handling at the Lisp level. |
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1326 @end defvar |
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1327 |
6547 | 1328 @defun set-mouse-position frame x y |
1329 This function @dfn{warps the mouse} to position @var{x}, @var{y} in | |
1330 frame @var{frame}. The arguments @var{x} and @var{y} are integers, | |
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1331 giving the position in characters relative to the top left corner of the |
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1332 inside of @var{frame}. If @var{frame} is not visible, this function |
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1333 does nothing. The return value is not significant. |
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1334 @end defun |
6547 | 1335 |
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1336 @defun mouse-pixel-position |
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1337 This function is like @code{mouse-position} except that it returns |
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1338 coordinates in units of pixels rather than units of characters. |
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1339 @end defun |
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1340 |
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1341 @defun set-mouse-pixel-position frame x y |
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1342 This function warps the mouse like @code{set-mouse-position} except that |
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1343 @var{x} and @var{y} are in units of pixels rather than units of |
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1344 characters. These coordinates are not required to be within the frame. |
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1345 |
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1346 If @var{frame} is not visible, this function does nothing. The return |
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1347 value is not significant. |
6547 | 1348 @end defun |
1349 | |
1350 @need 3000 | |
1351 | |
1352 @node Pop-Up Menus | |
1353 @section Pop-Up Menus | |
1354 | |
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1355 When using a window system, a Lisp program can pop up a menu so that |
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1356 the user can choose an alternative with the mouse. |
12067 | 1357 |
6547 | 1358 @defun x-popup-menu position menu |
1359 This function displays a pop-up menu and returns an indication of | |
1360 what selection the user makes. | |
1361 | |
1362 The argument @var{position} specifies where on the screen to put the | |
1363 menu. It can be either a mouse button event (which says to put the menu | |
1364 where the user actuated the button) or a list of this form: | |
1365 | |
1366 @example | |
1367 ((@var{xoffset} @var{yoffset}) @var{window}) | |
1368 @end example | |
1369 | |
1370 @noindent | |
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1371 where @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} are coordinates, measured in |
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1372 pixels, counting from the top left corner of @var{window}'s frame. |
6547 | 1373 |
1374 If @var{position} is @code{t}, it means to use the current mouse | |
1375 position. If @var{position} is @code{nil}, it means to precompute the | |
1376 key binding equivalents for the keymaps specified in @var{menu}, | |
1377 without actually displaying or popping up the menu. | |
1378 | |
1379 The argument @var{menu} says what to display in the menu. It can be a | |
1380 keymap or a list of keymaps (@pxref{Menu Keymaps}). Alternatively, it | |
1381 can have the following form: | |
1382 | |
1383 @example | |
1384 (@var{title} @var{pane1} @var{pane2}...) | |
1385 @end example | |
1386 | |
1387 @noindent | |
1388 where each pane is a list of form | |
1389 | |
1390 @example | |
12098 | 1391 (@var{title} (@var{line} . @var{item})...) |
6547 | 1392 @end example |
1393 | |
1394 Each @var{line} should be a string, and each @var{item} should be the | |
1395 value to return if that @var{line} is chosen. | |
1396 @end defun | |
1397 | |
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1398 @strong{Usage note:} Don't use @code{x-popup-menu} to display a menu |
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1399 if you could do the job with a prefix key defined with a menu keymap. |
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1400 If you use a menu keymap to implement a menu, @kbd{C-h c} and @kbd{C-h |
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1401 a} can see the individual items in that menu and provide help for them. |
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1402 If instead you implement the menu by defining a command that calls |
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1403 @code{x-popup-menu}, the help facilities cannot know what happens inside |
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1404 that command, so they cannot give any help for the menu's items. |
14200
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1405 |
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1406 The menu bar mechanism, which lets you switch between submenus by |
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1407 moving the mouse, cannot look within the definition of a command to see |
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1408 that it calls @code{x-popup-menu}. Therefore, if you try to implement a |
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1409 submenu using @code{x-popup-menu}, it cannot work with the menu bar in |
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1410 an integrated fashion. This is why all menu bar submenus are |
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1411 implemented with menu keymaps within the parent menu, and never with |
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1412 @code{x-popup-menu}. @xref{Menu Bar}. |
14200
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1413 |
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1414 If you want a menu bar submenu to have contents that vary, you should |
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|
1415 still use a menu keymap to implement it. To make the contents vary, add |
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parents:
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|
1416 a hook function to @code{menu-bar-update-hook} to update the contents of |
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1417 the menu keymap as necessary. |
6547 | 1418 |
1419 @node Dialog Boxes | |
1420 @section Dialog Boxes | |
1421 @cindex dialog boxes | |
1422 | |
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1423 A dialog box is a variant of a pop-up menu---it looks a little |
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1424 different, it always appears in the center of a frame, and it has just |
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1425 one level and one pane. The main use of dialog boxes is for asking |
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1426 questions that the user can answer with ``yes'', ``no'', and a few other |
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1427 alternatives. The functions @code{y-or-n-p} and @code{yes-or-no-p} use |
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1428 dialog boxes instead of the keyboard, when called from commands invoked |
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1429 by mouse clicks. |
6547 | 1430 |
1431 @defun x-popup-dialog position contents | |
1432 This function displays a pop-up dialog box and returns an indication of | |
1433 what selection the user makes. The argument @var{contents} specifies | |
1434 the alternatives to offer; it has this format: | |
1435 | |
1436 @example | |
7174
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1437 (@var{title} (@var{string} . @var{value})@dots{}) |
6547 | 1438 @end example |
1439 | |
1440 @noindent | |
1441 which looks like the list that specifies a single pane for | |
1442 @code{x-popup-menu}. | |
1443 | |
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1444 The return value is @var{value} from the chosen alternative. |
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1445 |
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1446 An element of the list may be just a string instead of a cons cell |
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1447 @code{(@var{string} . @var{value})}. That makes a box that cannot |
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1448 be selected. |
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1449 |
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1450 If @code{nil} appears in the list, it separates the left-hand items from |
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1451 the right-hand items; items that precede the @code{nil} appear on the |
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1452 left, and items that follow the @code{nil} appear on the right. If you |
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1453 don't include a @code{nil} in the list, then approximately half the |
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1454 items appear on each side. |
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1455 |
6547 | 1456 Dialog boxes always appear in the center of a frame; the argument |
1457 @var{position} specifies which frame. The possible values are as in | |
1458 @code{x-popup-menu}, but the precise coordinates don't matter; only the | |
1459 frame matters. | |
7174
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1460 |
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1461 In some configurations, Emacs cannot display a real dialog box; so |
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1462 instead it displays the same items in a pop-up menu in the center of the |
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1463 frame. |
6547 | 1464 @end defun |
1465 | |
7684
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1466 @node Pointer Shapes |
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1467 @section Pointer Shapes |
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1468 @cindex pointer shape |
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1469 @cindex mouse pointer shape |
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1470 |
12067 | 1471 These variables specify which shape to use for the mouse pointer in |
21682
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1472 various situations, when using the X Window System: |
7684
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1473 |
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1474 @table @code |
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1475 @item x-pointer-shape |
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1476 @vindex x-pointer-shape |
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1477 This variable specifies the pointer shape to use ordinarily in the Emacs |
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1478 frame. |
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1479 |
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1480 @item x-sensitive-text-pointer-shape |
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1481 @vindex x-sensitive-text-pointer-shape |
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1482 This variable specifies the pointer shape to use when the mouse |
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1483 is over mouse-sensitive text. |
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1484 @end table |
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1485 |
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1486 These variables affect newly created frames. They do not normally |
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1487 affect existing frames; however, if you set the mouse color of a frame, |
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1488 that also updates its pointer shapes based on the current values of |
21682
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1489 these variables. @xref{Window Frame Parameters}. |
7684
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1490 |
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1491 The values you can use, to specify either of these pointer shapes, are |
15061 | 1492 defined in the file @file{lisp/term/x-win.el}. Use @kbd{M-x apropos |
7684
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1493 @key{RET} x-pointer @key{RET}} to see a list of them. |
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1494 |
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1495 @node Window System Selections |
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1496 @section Window System Selections |
35476 | 1497 @cindex selection (for window systems) |
6547 | 1498 |
1499 The X server records a set of @dfn{selections} which permit transfer of | |
1500 data between application programs. The various selections are | |
1501 distinguished by @dfn{selection types}, represented in Emacs by | |
1502 symbols. X clients including Emacs can read or set the selection for | |
1503 any given type. | |
1504 | |
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1505 @deffn Command x-set-selection type data |
6547 | 1506 This function sets a ``selection'' in the X server. It takes two |
1507 arguments: a selection type @var{type}, and the value to assign to it, | |
1508 @var{data}. If @var{data} is @code{nil}, it means to clear out the | |
1509 selection. Otherwise, @var{data} may be a string, a symbol, an integer | |
1510 (or a cons of two integers or list of two integers), an overlay, or a | |
1511 cons of two markers pointing to the same buffer. An overlay or a pair | |
1512 of markers stands for text in the overlay or between the markers. | |
1513 | |
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1514 The argument @var{data} may also be a vector of valid non-vector |
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1515 selection values. |
6547 | 1516 |
1517 Each possible @var{type} has its own selection value, which changes | |
54030 | 1518 independently. The usual values of @var{type} are @code{PRIMARY}, |
1519 @code{SECONDARY} and @code{CLIPBOARD}; these are symbols with upper-case | |
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1520 names, in accord with X Window System conventions. If @var{type} is |
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1521 @code{nil}, that stands for @code{PRIMARY}. |
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1522 |
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1523 This function returns @var{data}. |
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1524 @end deffn |
6547 | 1525 |
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1526 @defun x-get-selection &optional type data-type |
6547 | 1527 This function accesses selections set up by Emacs or by other X |
1528 clients. It takes two optional arguments, @var{type} and | |
1529 @var{data-type}. The default for @var{type}, the selection type, is | |
1530 @code{PRIMARY}. | |
1531 | |
1532 The @var{data-type} argument specifies the form of data conversion to | |
1533 use, to convert the raw data obtained from another X client into Lisp | |
1534 data. Meaningful values include @code{TEXT}, @code{STRING}, | |
54030 | 1535 @code{UTF8_STRING}, |
6547 | 1536 @code{TARGETS}, @code{LENGTH}, @code{DELETE}, @code{FILE_NAME}, |
1537 @code{CHARACTER_POSITION}, @code{LINE_NUMBER}, @code{COLUMN_NUMBER}, | |
1538 @code{OWNER_OS}, @code{HOST_NAME}, @code{USER}, @code{CLASS}, | |
1539 @code{NAME}, @code{ATOM}, and @code{INTEGER}. (These are symbols with | |
1540 upper-case names in accord with X conventions.) The default for | |
1541 @var{data-type} is @code{STRING}. | |
1542 @end defun | |
1543 | |
1544 @cindex cut buffer | |
54030 | 1545 The X server also has a set of eight numbered @dfn{cut buffers} which can |
6547 | 1546 store text or other data being moved between applications. Cut buffers |
1547 are considered obsolete, but Emacs supports them for the sake of X | |
54030 | 1548 clients that still use them. Cut buffers are numbered from 0 to 7. |
6547 | 1549 |
54030 | 1550 @defun x-get-cut-buffer &optional n |
6547 | 1551 This function returns the contents of cut buffer number @var{n}. |
54030 | 1552 If omitted @var{n} defaults to 0. |
6547 | 1553 @end defun |
1554 | |
56215 | 1555 @defun x-set-cut-buffer string &optional push |
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1556 @anchor{Definition of x-set-cut-buffer} |
6547 | 1557 This function stores @var{string} into the first cut buffer (cut buffer |
26388 | 1558 0). If @var{push} is @code{nil}, only the first cut buffer is changed. |
1559 If @var{push} is non-@code{nil}, that says to move the values down | |
1560 through the series of cut buffers, much like the way successive kills in | |
1561 Emacs move down the kill ring. In other words, the previous value of | |
1562 the first cut buffer moves into the second cut buffer, and the second to | |
1563 the third, and so on through all eight cut buffers. | |
6547 | 1564 @end defun |
1565 | |
22742
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1566 @defvar selection-coding-system |
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1567 This variable specifies the coding system to use when reading and |
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1568 writing selections, the clipboard, or a cut buffer. @xref{Coding |
43562
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1569 Systems}. The default is @code{compound-text-with-extensions}, which |
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1570 converts to the text representation that X11 normally uses. |
22742
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1571 @end defvar |
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1572 |
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1573 @cindex clipboard support (for MS-Windows) |
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1574 When Emacs runs on MS-Windows, it does not implement X selections in |
36348
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1575 general, but it does support the clipboard. @code{x-get-selection} |
25751
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1576 and @code{x-set-selection} on MS-Windows support the text data type |
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1577 only; if the clipboard holds other types of data, Emacs treats the |
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1578 clipboard as empty. |
22138
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1579 |
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1580 @defopt x-select-enable-clipboard |
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1581 If this is non-@code{nil}, the Emacs yank functions consult the |
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1582 clipboard before the primary selection, and the kill functions store in |
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1583 the clipboard as well as the primary selection. Otherwise they do not |
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1584 access the clipboard at all. The default is @code{nil} on most systems, |
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1585 but @code{t} on MS-Windows. |
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1586 @end defopt |
22138
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1587 |
12098 | 1588 @node Color Names |
1589 @section Color Names | |
6547 | 1590 |
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1591 @cindex color names |
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|
1592 @cindex specify color |
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|
1593 @cindex numerical RGB color specification |
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1594 A color name is text (usually in a string) that specifies a color. |
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|
1595 Symbolic names such as @samp{black}, @samp{white}, @samp{red}, etc., |
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|
1596 are allowed; use @kbd{M-x list-colors-display} to see a list of |
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|
1597 defined names. You can also specify colors numerically in forms such |
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|
1598 as @samp{#@var{rgb}} and @samp{RGB:@var{r}/@var{g}/@var{b}}, where |
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|
1599 @var{r} specifies the red level, @var{g} specifies the green level, |
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|
1600 and @var{b} specifies the blue level. You can use either one, two, |
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|
1601 three, or four hex digits for @var{r}; then you must use the same |
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|
1602 number of hex digits for all @var{g} and @var{b} as well, making |
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|
1603 either 3, 6, 9 or 12 hex digits in all. (See the documentation of the |
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|
1604 X Window System for more details about numerical RGB specification of |
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|
1605 colors.) |
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1606 |
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1607 These functions provide a way to determine which color names are |
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1608 valid, and what they look like. In some cases, the value depends on the |
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1609 @dfn{selected frame}, as described below; see @ref{Input Focus}, for the |
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1610 meaning of the term ``selected frame''. |
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1611 |
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1612 @defun color-defined-p color &optional frame |
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1613 @tindex color-defined-p |
8712 | 1614 This function reports whether a color name is meaningful. It returns |
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1615 @code{t} if so; otherwise, @code{nil}. The argument @var{frame} says |
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1616 which frame's display to ask about; if @var{frame} is omitted or |
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1617 @code{nil}, the selected frame is used. |
8712 | 1618 |
1619 Note that this does not tell you whether the display you are using | |
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1620 really supports that color. When using X, you can ask for any defined |
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1621 color on any kind of display, and you will get some result---typically, |
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1622 the closest it can do. To determine whether a frame can really display |
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1623 a certain color, use @code{color-supported-p} (see below). |
8712 | 1624 |
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1625 @findex x-color-defined-p |
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1626 This function used to be called @code{x-color-defined-p}, |
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1627 and that name is still supported as an alias. |
8712 | 1628 @end defun |
6547 | 1629 |
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1630 @defun defined-colors &optional frame |
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1631 @tindex defined-colors |
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1632 This function returns a list of the color names that are defined |
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1633 and supported on frame @var{frame} (default, the selected frame). |
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1634 If @var{frame} does not support colors, the value is @code{nil}. |
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1635 |
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1636 @findex x-defined-colors |
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1637 This function used to be called @code{x-defined-colors}, |
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1638 and that name is still supported as an alias. |
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1639 @end defun |
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1640 |
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1641 @defun color-supported-p color &optional frame background-p |
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1642 @tindex color-supported-p |
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1643 This returns @code{t} if @var{frame} can really display the color |
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1644 @var{color} (or at least something close to it). If @var{frame} is |
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1645 omitted or @code{nil}, the question applies to the selected frame. |
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1646 |
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1647 Some terminals support a different set of colors for foreground and |
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1648 background. If @var{background-p} is non-@code{nil}, that means you are |
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1649 asking whether @var{color} can be used as a background; otherwise you |
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1650 are asking whether it can be used as a foreground. |
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1651 |
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1652 The argument @var{color} must be a valid color name. |
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1653 @end defun |
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1654 |
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1655 @defun color-gray-p color &optional frame |
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1656 @tindex color-gray-p |
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1657 This returns @code{t} if @var{color} is a shade of gray, as defined on |
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1658 @var{frame}'s display. If @var{frame} is omitted or @code{nil}, the |
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|
1659 question applies to the selected frame. If @var{color} is not a valid |
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|
1660 color name, this function returns @code{nil}. |
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1661 @end defun |
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1662 |
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1663 @defun color-values color &optional frame |
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1664 @tindex color-values |
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1665 @cindex rgb value |
8712 | 1666 This function returns a value that describes what @var{color} should |
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|
1667 ideally look like on @var{frame}. If @var{color} is defined, the |
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|
1668 value is a list of three integers, which give the amount of red, the |
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|
1669 amount of green, and the amount of blue. Each integer ranges in |
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|
1670 principle from 0 to 65535, but some displays may not use the full |
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1671 range. This three-element list is called the @dfn{rgb values} of the |
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1672 color. |
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1673 |
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1674 If @var{color} is not defined, the value is @code{nil}. |
8712 | 1675 |
1676 @example | |
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1677 (color-values "black") |
8712 | 1678 @result{} (0 0 0) |
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1679 (color-values "white") |
8712 | 1680 @result{} (65280 65280 65280) |
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1681 (color-values "red") |
8712 | 1682 @result{} (65280 0 0) |
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1683 (color-values "pink") |
8712 | 1684 @result{} (65280 49152 51968) |
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1685 (color-values "hungry") |
8712 | 1686 @result{} nil |
1687 @end example | |
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1688 |
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|
1689 The color values are returned for @var{frame}'s display. If |
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|
1690 @var{frame} is omitted or @code{nil}, the information is returned for |
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1691 the selected frame's display. If the frame cannot display colors, the |
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1692 value is @code{nil}. |
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1693 |
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1694 @findex x-color-values |
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1695 This function used to be called @code{x-color-values}, |
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1696 and that name is still supported as an alias. |
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1697 @end defun |
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1698 |
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1699 @node Text Terminal Colors |
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1700 @section Text Terminal Colors |
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1701 @cindex colors on text-only terminals |
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1702 |
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1703 Text-only terminals usually support only a small number of colors, |
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1704 and the computer uses small integers to select colors on the terminal. |
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1705 This means that the computer cannot reliably tell what the selected |
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1706 color looks like; instead, you have to inform your application which |
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1707 small integers correspond to which colors. However, Emacs does know |
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1708 the standard set of colors and will try to use them automatically. |
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1709 |
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1710 The functions described in this section control how terminal colors |
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1711 are used by Emacs. |
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1712 |
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|
1713 Several of these functions use or return @dfn{rgb values}, described |
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|
1714 in @ref{Color Names}. |
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1715 |
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1716 These functions accept a display (either a frame or the name of a |
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1717 terminal) as an optional argument. We hope in the future to make Emacs |
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1718 support more than one text-only terminal at one time; then this argument |
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1719 will specify which terminal to operate on (the default being the |
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1720 selected frame's terminal; @pxref{Input Focus}). At present, though, |
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1721 the @var{frame} argument has no effect. |
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1722 |
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1723 @defun tty-color-define name number &optional rgb frame |
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1724 @tindex tty-color-define |
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1725 This function associates the color name @var{name} with |
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1726 color number @var{number} on the terminal. |
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1727 |
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1728 The optional argument @var{rgb}, if specified, is an rgb value, a list |
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1729 of three numbers that specify what what the color actually looks like. |
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1730 If you do not specify @var{rgb}, then this color cannot be used by |
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1731 @code{tty-color-approximate} to approximate other colors, because |
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1732 Emacs will not know what it looks like. |
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1733 @end defun |
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1734 |
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1735 @defun tty-color-clear &optional frame |
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1736 @tindex tty-color-clear |
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1737 This function clears the table of defined colors for a text-only terminal. |
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1738 @end defun |
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1739 |
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1740 @defun tty-color-alist &optional frame |
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1741 @tindex tty-color-alist |
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1742 This function returns an alist recording the known colors supported by a |
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1743 text-only terminal. |
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1744 |
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1745 Each element has the form @code{(@var{name} @var{number} . @var{rgb})} |
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1746 or @code{(@var{name} @var{number})}. Here, @var{name} is the color |
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1747 name, @var{number} is the number used to specify it to the terminal. |
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1748 If present, @var{rgb} is a list of three color values (for red, green, |
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1749 and blue) that says what the color actually looks like. |
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1750 @end defun |
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1751 |
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1752 @defun tty-color-approximate rgb &optional frame |
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1753 @tindex tty-color-approximate |
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1754 This function finds the closest color, among the known colors |
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1755 supported for @var{display}, to that described by the rgb value |
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1756 @var{rgb} (a list of color values). The return value is an element of |
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1757 @code{tty-color-alist}. |
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1758 @end defun |
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1759 |
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1760 @defun tty-color-translate color &optional frame |
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1761 @tindex tty-color-translate |
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1762 This function finds the closest color to @var{color} among the known |
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1763 colors supported for @var{display} and returns its index (an integer). |
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1764 If the name @var{color} is not defined, the value is @code{nil}. |
6547 | 1765 @end defun |
1766 | |
1767 @node Resources | |
1768 @section X Resources | |
1769 | |
12098 | 1770 @defun x-get-resource attribute class &optional component subclass |
6547 | 1771 The function @code{x-get-resource} retrieves a resource value from the X |
54030 | 1772 Window defaults database. |
6547 | 1773 |
1774 Resources are indexed by a combination of a @dfn{key} and a @dfn{class}. | |
1775 This function searches using a key of the form | |
8427
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1776 @samp{@var{instance}.@var{attribute}} (where @var{instance} is the name |
12098 | 1777 under which Emacs was invoked), and using @samp{Emacs.@var{class}} as |
1778 the class. | |
6547 | 1779 |
1780 The optional arguments @var{component} and @var{subclass} add to the key | |
1781 and the class, respectively. You must specify both of them or neither. | |
1782 If you specify them, the key is | |
1783 @samp{@var{instance}.@var{component}.@var{attribute}}, and the class is | |
12098 | 1784 @samp{Emacs.@var{class}.@var{subclass}}. |
6547 | 1785 @end defun |
1786 | |
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1787 @defvar x-resource-class |
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1788 This variable specifies the application name that @code{x-get-resource} |
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1789 should look up. The default value is @code{"Emacs"}. You can examine X |
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1790 resources for application names other than ``Emacs'' by binding this |
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1791 variable to some other string, around a call to @code{x-get-resource}. |
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1792 @end defvar |
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1793 |
54030 | 1794 @defvar x-resource-name |
1795 This variable specifies the instance name that @code{x-get-resource} | |
1796 should look up. The default value is the name Emacs was invoked with, | |
1797 or the value specified with the @samp{-name} or @samp{-rn} switches. | |
1798 @end defvar | |
1799 | |
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1800 To illustrate some of the above, suppose that you have the line: |
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1801 |
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1802 @example |
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1803 xterm.vt100.background: yellow |
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1804 @end example |
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1805 |
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1806 @noindent |
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1807 in in your X resources file (usually named @file{~/.Xdefaults} or |
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1808 @file{~/.Xresources}). Then: |
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1809 |
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1810 @example |
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1811 @group |
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1812 (let ((x-resource-class "XTerm") (x-resource-name "xterm")) |
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1813 (x-get-resource "vt100.background" "VT100.Background")) |
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1814 @result{} "yellow" |
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1815 @end group |
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1816 @group |
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1817 (let ((x-resource-class "XTerm") (x-resource-name "xterm")) |
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1818 (x-get-resource "background" "VT100" "vt100" "Background")) |
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1819 @result{} "yellow" |
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1820 @end group |
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1821 @end example |
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1822 |
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1823 @xref{X Resources,, X Resources, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. |
6547 | 1824 |
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1825 @node Display Feature Testing |
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1826 @section Display Feature Testing |
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1827 @cindex display feature testing |
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1828 |
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1829 The functions in this section describe the basic capabilities of a |
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1830 particular display. Lisp programs can use them to adapt their behavior |
48700 | 1831 to what the display can do. For example, a program that ordinarily uses |
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1832 a popup menu could use the minibuffer if popup menus are not supported. |
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1833 |
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1834 The optional argument @var{display} in these functions specifies which |
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1835 display to ask the question about. It can be a display name, a frame |
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1836 (which designates the display that frame is on), or @code{nil} (which |
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1837 refers to the selected frame's display, @pxref{Input Focus}). |
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1838 |
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1839 @xref{Color Names}, @ref{Text Terminal Colors}, for other functions to |
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1840 obtain information about displays. |
6547 | 1841 |
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1842 @defun display-popup-menus-p &optional display |
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1843 @tindex display-popup-menus-p |
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1844 This function returns @code{t} if popup menus are supported on |
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1845 @var{display}, @code{nil} if not. Support for popup menus requires that |
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1846 the mouse be available, since the user cannot choose menu items without |
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1847 a mouse. |
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1848 @end defun |
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1849 |
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1850 @defun display-graphic-p &optional display |
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1851 @tindex display-graphic-p |
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1852 @cindex frames, more than one on display |
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1853 @cindex fonts, more than one on display |
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1854 This function returns @code{t} if @var{display} is a graphic display |
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1855 capable of displaying several frames and several different fonts at |
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1856 once. This is true for displays that use a window system such as X, and |
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1857 false for text-only terminals. |
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1858 @end defun |
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1859 |
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1860 @defun display-mouse-p &optional display |
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|
1861 @tindex display-mouse-p |
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1862 @cindex mouse, availability |
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|
1863 This function returns @code{t} if @var{display} has a mouse available, |
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|
1864 @code{nil} if not. |
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1865 @end defun |
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1866 |
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1867 @defun display-color-p &optional display |
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1868 @tindex display-color-p |
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1869 @findex x-display-color-p |
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|
1870 This function returns @code{t} if the screen is a color screen. |
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1871 It used to be called @code{x-display-color-p}, and that name |
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1872 is still supported as an alias. |
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1873 @end defun |
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1874 |
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1875 @defun display-grayscale-p &optional display |
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1876 @tindex display-grayscale-p |
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1877 This function returns @code{t} if the screen can display shades of gray. |
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1878 (All color displays can do this.) |
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1879 @end defun |
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1880 |
56215 | 1881 @defun display-supports-face-attributes-p attributes &optional display |
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1882 @anchor{Display Face Attribute Testing} |
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1883 @tindex display-supports-face-attributes-p |
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1884 This function returns non-@code{nil} if all the face attributes in |
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1885 @var{attributes} are supported (@pxref{Face Attributes}). |
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1886 |
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1887 The definition of `supported' is somewhat heuristic, but basically |
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1888 means that a face containing all the attributes in @var{attributes}, |
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1889 when merged with the default face for display, can be represented in a |
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|
1890 way that's |
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|
1891 |
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|
1892 @enumerate |
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|
1893 @item |
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|
1894 different in appearance than the default face, and |
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|
1895 |
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|
1896 @item |
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1897 `close in spirit' to what the attributes specify, if not exact. |
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1898 @end enumerate |
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|
1899 |
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1900 Point (2) implies that a @code{:weight black} attribute will be |
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1901 satisfied by any display that can display bold, as will |
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1902 @code{:foreground "yellow"} as long as some yellowish color can be |
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|
1903 displayed, but @code{:slant italic} will @emph{not} be satisfied by |
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1904 the tty display code's automatic substitution of a `dim' face for |
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|
1905 italic. |
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|
1906 @end defun |
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1907 |
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1908 @defun display-selections-p &optional display |
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1909 @tindex display-selections-p |
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1910 This function returns @code{t} if @var{display} supports selections. |
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1911 Windowed displays normally support selections, but they may also be |
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1912 supported in some other cases. |
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1913 @end defun |
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1914 |
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1915 @defun display-images-p &optional display |
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1916 This function returns @code{t} if @var{display} can display images. |
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1917 Windowed displays ought in principle to handle images, but some |
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1918 systems lack the support for that. On a display that does not support |
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1919 images, Emacs cannot display a tool bar. |
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1920 @end defun |
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1921 |
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1922 @defun display-screens &optional display |
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1923 @tindex display-screens |
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1924 This function returns the number of screens associated with the display. |
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1925 @end defun |
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1926 |
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1927 @defun display-pixel-height &optional display |
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1928 @tindex display-pixel-height |
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1929 This function returns the height of the screen in pixels. |
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1930 On a character terminal, it gives the height in characters. |
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1931 @end defun |
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1932 |
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1933 @defun display-mm-height &optional display |
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1934 @tindex display-mm-height |
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1935 This function returns the height of the screen in millimeters, |
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1936 or @code{nil} if Emacs cannot get that information. |
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1937 @end defun |
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1938 |
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1939 @defun display-pixel-width &optional display |
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1940 @tindex display-pixel-width |
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1941 This function returns the width of the screen in pixels. |
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|
1942 On a character terminal, it gives the width in characters. |
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1943 @end defun |
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1944 |
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1945 @defun display-mm-width &optional display |
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1946 @tindex display-mm-width |
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1947 This function returns the width of the screen in millimeters, |
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1948 or @code{nil} if Emacs cannot get that information. |
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1949 @end defun |
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1950 |
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1951 @defun display-backing-store &optional display |
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1952 @tindex display-backing-store |
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1953 This function returns the backing store capability of the display. |
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1954 Backing store means recording the pixels of windows (and parts of |
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1955 windows) that are not exposed, so that when exposed they can be |
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1956 displayed very quickly. |
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1957 |
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1958 Values can be the symbols @code{always}, @code{when-mapped}, or |
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1959 @code{not-useful}. The function can also return @code{nil} |
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1960 when the question is inapplicable to a certain kind of display. |
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1961 @end defun |
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1962 |
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1963 @defun display-save-under &optional display |
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1964 @tindex display-save-under |
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|
1965 This function returns non-@code{nil} if the display supports the |
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|
1966 SaveUnder feature. That feature is used by pop-up windows |
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1967 to save the pixels they obscure, so that they can pop down |
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|
1968 quickly. |
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1969 @end defun |
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|
1970 |
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|
1971 @defun display-planes &optional display |
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|
1972 @tindex display-planes |
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|
1973 This function returns the number of planes the display supports. |
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|
1974 This is typically the number of bits per pixel. |
35037 | 1975 For a tty display, it is log to base two of the number of colours supported. |
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1976 @end defun |
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|
1977 |
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|
1978 @defun display-visual-class &optional display |
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|
1979 @tindex display-visual-class |
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|
1980 This function returns the visual class for the screen. The value is one |
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|
1981 of the symbols @code{static-gray}, @code{gray-scale}, |
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|
1982 @code{static-color}, @code{pseudo-color}, @code{true-color}, and |
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|
1983 @code{direct-color}. |
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|
1984 @end defun |
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|
1985 |
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1986 @defun display-color-cells &optional display |
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1987 @tindex display-color-cells |
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1988 This function returns the number of color cells the screen supports. |
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1989 @end defun |
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1990 |
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1991 These functions obtain additional information specifically |
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1992 about X displays. |
6547 | 1993 |
12067 | 1994 @defun x-server-version &optional display |
1995 This function returns the list of version numbers of the X server | |
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1996 running the display. The value is a list of three integers: the major |
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1997 and minor version numbers of the X protocol, and the |
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1998 distributor-specific release number of the X server software itself. |
6547 | 1999 @end defun |
2000 | |
12067 | 2001 @defun x-server-vendor &optional display |
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2002 This function returns the ``vendor'' that provided the X server |
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2003 software (as a string). Really this means whoever distributes the X |
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2004 server. |
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2005 |
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2006 When the developers of X labelled software distributors as |
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2007 ``vendors'', they showed their false assumption that no system could |
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2008 ever be developed and distributed noncommercially. |
6547 | 2009 @end defun |
2010 | |
2011 @ignore | |
2012 @defvar x-no-window-manager | |
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2013 This variable's value is @code{t} if no X window manager is in use. |
6547 | 2014 @end defvar |
2015 @end ignore | |
2016 | |
2017 @ignore | |
2018 @item | |
2019 The functions @code{x-pixel-width} and @code{x-pixel-height} return the | |
2020 width and height of an X Window frame, measured in pixels. | |
2021 @end ignore | |
52401 | 2022 |
2023 @ignore | |
2024 arch-tag: 94977df6-3dca-4730-b57b-c6329e9282ba | |
2025 @end ignore |