annotate etc/gnus-tut.txt @ 42397:47ec068f97d5

(ange-ftp-insert-directory): Explicitly follow symlinks.
author Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
date Sat, 29 Dec 2001 02:50:34 +0000
parents 03ddf0b96330
children 23a1cea22d13
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
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1 From lars Thu Feb 23 23:20:38 1995
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2 From: larsi@ifi.uio.no (ding)
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3 Date: Fri Feb 24 13:40:45 1995
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4 Subject: So you want to use the new Gnus
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5 Message-ID: <lars-doc1@eyesore.no>
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6
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7 Actually, since you are reading this, chances are you are already
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8 using the new Gnus. Congratulations.
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9
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10 This entire newsgroup you are reading is, in fact, no real newsgroup
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11 at all, in the traditional sense. It is an example of one of the
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12 "foreign" select methods that Gnus may use.
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13
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14 The text you are now reading is stored in the "etc" directory with the
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15 rest of the Emacs sources. You are using the "nndoc" backend for
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16 accessing it. Scary, isn't it?
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17
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18 This isn't the real documentation. `M-x info', `m gnus <RET>' to read
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19 that. This "newsgroup" is intended as a kinder, gentler way of getting
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20 people started.
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21
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22 Gnus is a rewrite of GNUS 4.1, written by Masanobu Umeda. The rewrite
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23 was done by moi, yours truly, your humble servant, Lars Magne
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24 Ingebrigtsen. If you have a WWW browser, you can investigate to your
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25 heart's delight at <URL:http://www.ifi.uio.no/~larsi/larsi.html>.
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26
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27 ;; Copyright (C) 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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28
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29 ;; Author: Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen <larsi@ifi.uio.no>
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30 ;; Keywords: news
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31
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32 ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
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33
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34 ;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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35 ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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36 ;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
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37 ;; any later version.
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38
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39 ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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40 ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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41 ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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42 ;; GNU General Public License for more details.
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43
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44 ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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45 ;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the
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46 ;; Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
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47 ;; Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
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48
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49 From lars Thu Feb 23 23:20:38 1995
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50 From: larsi@ifi.uio.no (ding)
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51 Date: Fri Feb 24 13:40:45 1995
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52 Subject: Starting up
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53 Message-ID: <lars-doc2@eyesore.no>
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54
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55 If you are having problems with Gnus not finding your server, you have
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56 to set `gnus-select-method'. A "method" is a way of specifying *how*
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57 the news is to be found, and from *where*.
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58
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59 Say you want to read news from you local, friendly nntp server
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60 "news.my.local.server".
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61
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62 (setq gnus-select-method '(nntp "news.my.local.server"))
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63
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64 Quite easy, huh?
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65
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66 From the news spool:
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67
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68 (setq gnus-select-method '(nnspool ""))
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69
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70 From your mh-e spool:
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71
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72 (setq gnus-select-method '(nnmh ""))
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73
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74 There's a whole bunch of other methods for reading mail and news, see
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75 the "Foreign groups" article for that.
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76
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77
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78 From lars Thu Feb 23 23:20:38 1995
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79 From: larsi@ifi.uio.no (ding)
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80 Date: Fri Feb 24 13:40:45 1995
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81 Subject: Where are all the groups, then?
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82 Message-ID: <lars-doc3@eyesore.no>
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83
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84 If this is the first time you have used a newsreader, you won't have a
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85 .newsrc file. This means that Gnus will think that all the newsgroups
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86 on the server are "new", and kill them all.
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87
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88 If you have a .newsrc file, the new groups will be processed with the
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89 function in the `gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method' variable, which is
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90 `gnus-subscribe-zombies' by default.
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91
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92 This means that all the groups have been made into "zombies" - not
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93 quite dead, but not exactly alive, either.
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94
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95 Jump back to the *Group* buffer, and type `A z' to list all the zombie
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96 groups. Look though the list, and subscribe to the groups you want to
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97 read by pressing `u' on the one you think look interesting.
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98
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99 If all the groups have been killed, type `A k' to list all the killed
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100 groups. Subscribe to them the same way.
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101
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102 When you are satisfied, press `S z' to kill all the zombie groups.
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103
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104 Now you should have a nice list of all groups you are interested in.
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105
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106 (If you later want to subscribe to more groups, press `A k' to
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107 list all the kill groups, and repeat. You can also type `U' and be
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108 prompted for groups to subscribe to.)
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109
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110
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111 From lars Thu Feb 23 23:20:38 1995
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112 From: larsi@ifi.uio.no (ding)
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113 Date: Fri Feb 24 13:40:45 1995
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114 Subject: I want to read my mail!
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115 Message-ID: <lars-doc4@eyesore.no>
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116
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117 Yes, Virginia, you can read mail with Gnus.
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118
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119 First you have to decide which mail backend you want to use. You have
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120 nnml, which is a one-file-one-mail backend, which is quite nice, but
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121 apt to make your systems administrator go crazy and come after you
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122 with a shotgun.
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123
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124 nnmbox uses a Unix mail box to store mail. Nice, but slow.
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125
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126 nnmh uses mh-e folders, which is also a one-file-one-mail thingie, but
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127 slower than nnml. (It doesn't support NOV files.)
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128
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129 So if you want to go with nnmbox, you can simply say:
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130
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131 (setq gnus-secondary-select-methods '((nnmbox "")))
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132
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133 (The same for the other methods, kind of.)
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134
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135 You should also set `nnmail-split-methods' to something sensible:
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136
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137 (setq nnmail-split-methods
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138 '(("mail.junk" "From:.*Lars")
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139 ("mail.misc "")))
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140
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141 This will put all mail from me in you junk mail group, and the rest in
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142 "mail.misc".
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143
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144 These groups will be subscribe the same way as the normal groups, so
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145 you will probably find them among the zombie groups after you set
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146 these variables and re-start Gnus.
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147
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148
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149 From lars Thu Feb 23 23:20:38 1995
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150 From: larsi@ifi.uio.no (ding)
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151 Date: Fri Feb 24 13:40:45 1995
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152 Subject: Foreign newsgroups
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153 Message-ID: <lars-doc5@eyesore.no>
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154
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155 These are groups that do not come from `gnus-select-method'.
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156
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157 Say you want to read "alt.furniture.couches" from "news.funet.fi". You
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158 can then either type `B news.funet.fi <RET>' to browse that server and
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159 subscribe to that group, or you can type
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160 `G m alt.furniture.couches<RET>nntp<RET>news.funet.fi<RET>', if you
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161 like to type a lot.
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162
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163 If you want to read a directory as a newsgroup, you can create an
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164 nndir group, much the same way. There's a shorthand for that,
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165 though. If, for instance, you want to read the (ding) list archives,
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166 you could type `G d /ftp <RET>'.
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167
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168 There's lots more to know about foreign groups, but you have to read
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169 the info pages to find out more.
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170
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171
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172 From lars Thu Feb 23 23:20:38 1995
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173 From: larsi@ifi.uio.no (ding)
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174 Date: Fri Feb 24 13:40:45 1995
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175 Subject: Low level changes in GNUS, or, Wrong type argument: stringp, nil
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176 Message-ID: <lars-doc6@eyesore.no>
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177
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178 Gnus really isn't GNUS, even though it looks like it. If you scrape
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179 the surface, you'll find that most things have changed.
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180
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181 This means that old code that relies on GNUS internals will fail.
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182
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183 In particular, `gnus-newsrc-hashtb', `gnus-newsrc-assoc',
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184 `gnus-killed-list', the `nntp-header-' macros and the display formats
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185 have all changed. If you have some code lying around that depend on
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186 these, or change these, you'll have to re-write your code.
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187
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188 Old hilit19 code does not work at all. In fact, you should probably
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189 remove all hilit code from all the Gnus hooks
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190 (`gnus-group-prepare-hook', `gnus-summary-prepare-hook' and
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191 `gnus-summary-article-hook'). (Well, at the very least the first
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192 two.) Gnus provides various integrated functions for highlighting,
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193 which are both faster and more accurated.
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194
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195 There is absolutely no chance, whatsoever, of getting Gnus to work
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196 with Emacs 18. It won't even work on Emacsen older than Emacs
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197 19.30/XEmacs 19.13. Upgrade your Emacs or die.
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198
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199
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200 From lars Thu Feb 23 23:20:38 1995
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201 From: larsi@ifi.uio.no (ding)
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202 Date: Fri Feb 24 13:40:45 1995
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203 Subject: How do I re-scan my mail groups?
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204 Message-ID: <lars-doc8@eyesore.no>
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205
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206 Reading the active file from the nntp server is a drag.
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207
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208 Just press `M-g' on the mail groups, and they will be re-scanned.
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209
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210 You can also re-scan all the mail groups by putting them on level 1
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211 (`S l 1'), and saying `1 g' to re-scan all level 1 groups.
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212
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213
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214 From lars Thu Feb 23 23:20:38 1995
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215 From: larsi@ifi.uio.no (ding)
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216 Date: Fri Feb 24 13:40:45 1995
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217 Subject: How do I set up virtual newsgroups?
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218 Message-ID: <lars-doc9@eyesore.no>
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219
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220 Virtual newsgroups are collections of other newsgroups. Why people
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221 want this is beyond me, but here goes:
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222
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223 Create the group by saying
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224
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225 `M-a my.virtual.newsgroup<RET>nnvirtual<RET>^rec\.aquaria\.*<RET>'
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226
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227 This will create the group "nnvirtual:my.virtual.newsgroup", which
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228 will collect all articles from all the groups in the "rec.aquaria"
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229 hierarchy.
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230
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231 If you want to edit the regular expression, just type `M-e' on the
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232 group line.
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233
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234 Note that all the groups that are part of the virtual group have to be
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235 alive. This means that the cannot, absolutely not, be zombie or
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236 killed. They can be unsubscribed; that's no problem.
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237
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238 You can combine groups from different servers in the same virtual
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239 newsgroup, something that may actually be useful. Say you have the
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240 group "comp.headers" on the server "news.server.no" and the same group
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241 on "news.server.edu". If people have posted articles with Distribution
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242 headers that stop propagation of their articles, combining these two
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243 newsgroups into one virtual newsgroup should give you a better view of
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244 what's going on.
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245
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246 One caveat, though: The virtual group article numbers from the first
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247 source group (group A) will always be lower than the article numbers
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248 from the second (group B). This means that Gnus will believe that
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249 articles from group A are older than articles from group B. Threading
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250 will lessen these problems, but it might be a good idea to sort the
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251 threads over the date of the articles to get a correct feel for the
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252 flow of the groups:
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253
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254 (setq gnus-thread-sort-functions '(gnus-thread-sort-by-date))
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255
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256 If you only want this in virtual groups, you could say something along
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257 the lines of:
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258
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259 (setq gnus-select-group-hook
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260 (lambda ()
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261 (if (eq 'nnvirtual (car (gnus-find-method-for-group
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262 gnus-newsgroup-name)))
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263 (progn
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264 (make-local-variable 'gnus-thread-sort-functions)
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265 (setq gnus-thread-sort-functions '(gnus-thread-sort-by-date))))))
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266
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267
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268 From lars Thu Feb 23 23:20:38 1995
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269 From: larsi@ifi.uio.no (ding)
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270 Date: Fri Feb 24 13:40:45 1995
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271 Subject: Bugs & stuff
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272 Message-ID: <lars-doc7@eyesore.no>
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273
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274 If you want to report a bug, please type `M-x gnus-bug'. This will
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275 give me a precise overview of your Gnus and Emacs version numbers,
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276 along with a look at all Gnus variables you have changed.
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277
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278 Du not expect a reply back, but your bug should be fixed in the next
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279 version. If the bug persists, please re-submit your bug report.
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280
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281 When a bug occurs, I need a recipe for how to trigger the bug. You
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282 have to tell me exactly what you do to uncover the bug, and you should
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283 (setq debug-on-error t) and send me the backtrace along with the bug
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284 report.
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285
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286 If I am not able to reproduce the bug, I won't be able to fix it.
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287
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288 I would, of course, prefer that you locate the bug, fix it, and mail
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289 me the patches, but one can't have everything.
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290
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291 If you have any questions on usage, the "ding@ifi.uio.no" mailing list
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292 is where to post the questions.
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293
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294