annotate doc/misc/autotype.texi @ 105539:4886a9e0be01

(calendar-split-width-threshold): New option. (calendar-basic-setup): Use calendar-split-width-threshold.
author Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
date Sat, 10 Oct 2009 20:50:39 +0000
parents 9bcea07061a8
children 1d1d5d9bd884
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1 \input texinfo
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2 @c This is an annex of the Emacs manual.
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3 @c Author: Daniel.Pfeiffer@Informatik.START.dbp.de, fax (+49 69) 7588-2389
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4 @setfilename ../../info/autotype
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5 @c @node Autotypist, Picture, Abbrevs, Top
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6 @c @chapter Features for Automatic Typing
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7 @settitle Features for Automatic Typing
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8 @c @cindex text
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9 @c @cindex selfinserting text
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10 @c @cindex autotypist
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11
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12 @copying
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13 Copyright @copyright{} 1994, 1995, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
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14 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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15
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16 @quotation
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17 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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18 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
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19 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
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20 Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU Manual'',
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21 and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license
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22 is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.
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23
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24 (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have the freedom to copy and
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25 modify this GNU manual. Buying copies from the FSF supports it in
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26 developing GNU and promoting software freedom.''
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27 @end quotation
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28 @end copying
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29
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30 @dircategory Emacs
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31 @direntry
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32 * Autotype: (autotype). Convenient features for text that you enter frequently
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33 in Emacs.
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34 @end direntry
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35
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36 @titlepage
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37 @sp 10
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38
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39 @center @titlefont{Autotyping}
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40 @sp 2
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41 @center @subtitlefont{Convenient features for text that you enter
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42 frequently in Emacs}
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43 @sp 2
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44 @center Daniel Pfeiffer
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45 @center additions by Dave Love
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46
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47 @page
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48 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll
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49 @insertcopying
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50 @end titlepage
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51
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52 @contents
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53
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54 @node Top
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55 @top Autotyping
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56
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57 Under certain circumstances you will find yourself typing similar things
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58 over and over again. This is especially true of form letters and programming
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59 language constructs. Project-specific header comments, flow-control
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60 constructs or magic numbers are essentially the same every time. Emacs has
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61 various features for doing tedious and repetitive typing chores for you
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62 in addition to the Abbrev features (@pxref{(emacs)Abbrevs}).
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63
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64 One solution is using skeletons, flexible rules that say what to
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65 insert, and how to do it. Various programming language modes offer some
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66 ready-to-use skeletons, and you can adapt them to suit your needs or
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67 taste, or define new ones.
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68
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69 Another feature is automatic insertion of what you want into empty files,
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70 depending on the file-name or the mode as appropriate. You can have a file or
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71 a skeleton inserted, or you can call a function. Then there is the
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72 possibility to have Un*x interpreter scripts automatically take on a magic
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73 number and be executable as soon as they are saved. Or you can have a
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74 copyright notice's year updated, if necessary, every time you save a
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75 file. Similarly for time stamps in the file.
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76
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77 URLs can be inserted based on a word at point. Flexible templates can
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78 be defined for inserting and navigating between text more generally. A
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79 sort of meta-expansion facility can be used to try a set of alternative
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80 completions and expansions of text at point.
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81
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82 @ifnottex
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83 @insertcopying
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84 @end ifnottex
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85
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86 @menu
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87 * Using Skeletons:: How to insert a skeleton into your text.
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88 * Wrapping Skeletons:: Putting existing text within a skeleton.
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89 * Skeletons as Abbrevs:: An alternative for issuing skeleton commands.
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90 * Skeleton Language:: Making skeleton commands insert what you want.
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91 * Inserting Pairs:: Typing one character and getting another
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92 after point.
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93 * Autoinserting:: Filling up empty files as soon as you visit them.
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94 * Copyrights:: Inserting and updating copyrights.
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95 * Executables:: Turning interpreter scripts into executables.
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96 * Timestamps:: Updating dates and times in modified files.
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97 * QuickURL:: Inserting URLs based on text at point.
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98 * Tempo:: Flexible template insertion.
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99 * Hippie Expand:: Expansion of text trying various methods.
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100
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101 * GNU Free Documentation License:: The license for this documentation.
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102 * Concept Index::
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103 * Command Index::
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104 * Variable Index::
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105 @end menu
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106
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107
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108 @node Using Skeletons
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109 @chapter Using Skeletons
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110 @cindex skeletons
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111 @cindex using skeletons
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112
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113 When you want Emacs to insert a form letter or a typical construct of the
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114 programming language you are using, skeletons are a means of accomplishing
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115 this. Normally skeletons each have a command of their own, that, when called,
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116 will insert the skeleton. These commands can be issued in the usual ways
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117 (@pxref{(emacs)Commands}). Modes that offer various skeletons will often
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118 bind these to key-sequences on the @kbd{C-c} prefix, as well as having
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119 an @cite{Insert} menu and maybe even predefined abbrevs for them
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120 (@pxref{Skeletons as Abbrevs}).
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121
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122 The simplest kind of skeleton will simply insert some text indented
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123 according to the major mode and leave the cursor at a likely place in the
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124 middle. Interactive skeletons may prompt you for a string that will be part
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125 of the inserted text.
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126
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127 Skeletons may ask for input several times. They even have a looping
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128 mechanism in which you will be asked for input as long as you are willing to
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129 furnish it. An example would be multiple ``else if'' conditions. You can
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130 recognize this situation by a prompt ending in @key{RET}, @kbd{C-g}
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131 or @kbd{C-h}. This
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132 means that entering an empty string will simply assume that you are finished.
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133 Typing quit on the other hand terminates the loop but also the rest of the
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134 skeleton, e.g. an ``else'' clause is skipped. Only a syntactically necessary
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135 termination still gets inserted.
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136
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137
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138
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139 @node Wrapping Skeletons
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140 @chapter Wrapping Skeletons Around Existing Text
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141 @cindex wrapping skeletons
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142
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143 Often you will find yourself with some code that for whatever reason
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144 suddenly becomes conditional. Or you have written a bit of text and want to
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145 put it in the middle of a form letter. Skeletons provide a means for
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146 accomplishing this, and can even, in the case of programming languages,
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147 reindent the wrapped code for you.
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148
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149 Skeleton commands take an optional numeric prefix argument
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150 (@pxref{(emacs)Arguments}). This is interpreted in two different ways depending
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151 on whether the prefix is positive, i.e. forwards oriented or negative,
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152 i.e. backwards oriented.
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153
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154 A positive prefix means to wrap the skeleton around that many
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155 following words. This is accomplished by putting the words there where
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156 the point is normally left after that skeleton is inserted (@pxref{Using
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157 Skeletons}). The point (@pxref{(emacs)Point}) is left at the next
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158 interesting spot in the skeleton instead.
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159
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160 A negative prefix means to do something similar with that many precedingly
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161 marked interregions (@pxref{(emacs)Mark}). In the simplest case, if you type
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162 @kbd{M--} just before issuing the skeleton command, that will wrap the
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163 skeleton around the current region, just like a positive argument would have
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164 wrapped it around a number of words.
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165
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166 Smaller negative arguments will wrap that many interregions into successive
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167 interesting spots within the skeleton, again leaving the point at the next one.
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168 We speak about interregions rather than regions here, because we treat them in
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169 the order they appear in the buffer, which coincides with successive regions
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170 only if they were marked in order.
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171
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172 That is, if you marked in alphabetical order the points A B C [] (where []
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173 represents the point) and call a skeleton command with @kbd{M-- 3}, you will
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174 wrap the text from A to B into the first interesting spot of the skeleton, the
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175 text from B to C into the next one, the text from C to the point into the
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176 third one, and leave the point in the fourth one. If there are less marks in
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177 the buffer, or if the skeleton defines less interesting points, the surplus is
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178 ignored.
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179
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180 If, on the other hand, you marked in alphabetical order the points [] A C B,
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181 and call a skeleton command with @kbd{M-- 3}, you will wrap the text from
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182 point to A, then the text from A to C and finally the text from C to B. This
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183 is done because the regions overlap and Emacs would be helplessly lost if it
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184 tried to follow the order in which you marked these points.
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185
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186
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187
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188 @node Skeletons as Abbrevs
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189 @chapter Skeletons as Abbrev Expansions
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190 @cindex skeletons as abbrevs
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191
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192 Rather than use a key binding for every skeleton command, you can also
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193 define an abbreviation (@pxref{(emacs)Defining Abbrevs}) that will expand
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194 (@pxref{(emacs)Expanding Abbrevs}) into the skeleton.
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195
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196 Say you want @samp{ifst} to be an abbreviation for the C language if
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197 statement. You will tell Emacs that @samp{ifst} expands to the empty string
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198 and then calls the skeleton command. In Emacs Lisp you can say something like
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199 @code{(define-abbrev c-mode-abbrev-table "ifst" "" 'c-if)}. Or you can edit
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200 the output from @kbd{M-x list-abbrevs} to make it look like this:
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201
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202 @example
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203 (c-mode-abbrev-table)
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204 "if" 0 "" c-if
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205 @end example
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206
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207 @noindent
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208 (Some blank lines of no semantic significance, and other abbrev tables,
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209 have been omitted.)
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210
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211
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212
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213 @node Skeleton Language
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214 @chapter Skeleton Language
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215 @cindex skeleton language
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216
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217 @findex skeleton-insert
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218 Skeletons are an shorthand extension to the Lisp language, where various
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219 atoms directly perform either actions on the current buffer or rudimentary
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220 flow control mechanisms. Skeletons are interpreted by the function
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221 @code{skeleton-insert}.
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222
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223 A skeleton is a list starting with an interactor, which is usually a
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224 prompt-string, or @code{nil} when not needed, but can also be a Lisp
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225 expression for complex read functions or for returning some calculated value.
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226 The rest of the list are any number of elements as described in the following
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227 table:
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228
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229 @table @asis
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230 @item @code{"@var{string}"}, @code{?@var{c}}, @code{?\@var{c}}
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231 @vindex skeleton-transformation
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232 Insert string or character. Literal strings and characters are passed through
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233 @code{skeleton-transformation} when that is non-@code{nil}.
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234 @item @code{?\n}
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235 @c ??? something seems very wrong here.
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236 Insert a newline and align under current line. Use newline character
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237 @code{?\n} to prevent alignment.
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238 @item @code{_}
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239 Interesting point. When wrapping skeletons around successive regions, they are
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240 put at these places. Point is left at first @code{_} where nothing is wrapped.
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241 @item @code{>}
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242 Indent line according to major mode. When following element is @code{_}, and
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243 there is a interregion that will be wrapped here, indent that interregion.
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244 @item @code{&}
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245 Logical and. Iff preceding element moved point, i.e. usually inserted
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246 something, do following element.
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247 @item @code{|}
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248 Logical xor. Iff preceding element didn't move point, i.e. usually inserted
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249 nothing, do following element.
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250 @item @code{-@var{number}}
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251 Delete preceding number characters. Depends on value of
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252 @code{skeleton-untabify}.
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253 @item @code{()} or @code{nil}
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254 Ignored.
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255 @item @var{lisp-expression}
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256 Evaluated, and the return value is again interpreted as a skeleton element.
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257 @item @code{str}
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258 A special variable that, when evaluated the first time, usually prompts
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259 for input according to the skeleton's interactor. It is then set to the
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260 return value resulting from the interactor. Each subskeleton has its local
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261 copy of this variable.
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262 @item @code{v1}, @code{v2}
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263 Skeleton-local user variables.
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264 @item @code{'@var{expression}}
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265 Evaluate following Lisp expression for its side-effect, but prevent it from
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266 being interpreted as a skeleton element.
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267 @item @var{skeleton}
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268 Subskeletons are inserted recursively, not once, but as often as the user
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269 enters something at the subskeletons interactor. Thus there must be a
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270 @code{str} in the subskeleton. They can also be used non-interactively, when
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271 prompt is a lisp-expression that returns successive list-elements.
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272 @item @code{resume:}
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273 Ignored. Execution resumes here if the user quits during skeleton
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274 interpretation.
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275 @item @code{quit}
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276 A constant which is non-@code{nil} when the @code{resume:} section was entered
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277 because the user quit.
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278 @end table
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279
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280 @findex skeleton-further-elements
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281 Some modes also use other skeleton elements they themselves defined. For
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282 example in shell script mode's skeletons you will find @code{<} which does a
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283 rigid indentation backwards, or in CC mode's skeletons you find the
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284 self-inserting elements @code{@{} and @code{@}}. These are defined by the
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285 buffer-local variable @code{skeleton-further-elements} which is a list of
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286 variables bound while interpreting a skeleton.
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287
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288 @findex define-skeleton
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289 The macro @code{define-skeleton} defines a command for interpreting a
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290 skeleton. The first argument is the command name, the second is a
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291 documentation string, and the rest is an interactor and any number of skeleton
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292 elements together forming a skeleton. This skeleton is assigned to a variable
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293 of the same name as the command and can thus be overridden from your
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294 @file{~/.emacs} file (@pxref{(emacs)Init File}).
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295
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296
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297
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298 @node Inserting Pairs
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299 @chapter Inserting Matching Pairs of Characters
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300 @cindex inserting pairs
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301 @cindex pairs
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302
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303 Various characters usually appear in pairs. When, for example, you insert
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304 an open parenthesis, no matter whether you are programming or writing prose,
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305 you will surely enter a closing one later. By entering both at the same time
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306 and leaving the cursor inbetween, Emacs can guarantee you that such
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307 parentheses are always balanced. And if you have a non-qwerty keyboard, where
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308 typing some of the stranger programming language symbols makes you bend your
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309 fingers backwards, this can be quite relieving too.
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310
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311 @findex skeleton-pair-insert-maybe
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312 @vindex skeleton-pair
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313 This is done by binding the first key (@pxref{(emacs)Rebinding}) of
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314 the pair to @code{skeleton-pair-insert-maybe} instead of
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315 @code{self-insert-command}. The ``maybe'' comes from the fact that
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316 this at-first surprising behavior is initially turned off. To enable
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317 it, you must set @code{skeleton-pair} to some non-@code{nil} value.
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318 And even then, a positive argument (@pxref{(emacs)Arguments}) will
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319 make this key behave like a self-inserting key
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320 (@pxref{(emacs)Inserting Text}).
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321
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322 @vindex skeleton-pair-on-word
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323 While this breaks with the stated intention of always balancing pairs, it
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324 turns out that one often doesn't want pairing to occur, when the following
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325 character is part of a word. If you want pairing to occur even then, set
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326 @code{skeleton-pair-on-word} to some non-@code{nil} value.
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327
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328 @vindex skeleton-pair-alist
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329 Pairing is possible for all visible characters. By default the
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330 parenthesis @samp{(}, the square bracket @samp{[}, the brace
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331 @samp{@{}, the pointed bracket @samp{<} and the backquote @samp{`} all
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332 pair with the symmetrical character. All other characters pair
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333 themselves. This behavior can be modified by the variable
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334 @code{skeleton-pair-alist}. This is in fact an alist of skeletons
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335 (@pxref{Skeleton Language}), with the first part of each sublist
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336 matching the typed character. This is the position of the interactor,
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337 but since pairs don't need the @code{str} element, this is ignored.
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338
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339 Some modes have bound the command @code{skeleton-pair-insert-maybe}
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340 to relevant keys. These modes also configure the pairs as
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341 appropriate. For example, when typing english prose, you'd expect the
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342 backquote (@samp{`}) to pair with the quote (@samp{'}), while in Shell
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343 script mode it must pair to itself. They can also inhibit pairing in
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344 certain contexts. For example an escaped character stands for itself.
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345
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346
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347
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348 @node Autoinserting
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349 @chapter Autoinserting Text in Empty Files
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350 @cindex autoinserting
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351
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352 @findex auto-insert
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353 @kbd{M-x auto-insert} will put some predefined text at the beginning of
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354 the buffer. The main application for this function, as its name suggests,
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355 is to have it be called automatically every time an empty, and only an
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356 empty file is visited. This is accomplished by putting @code{(add-hook
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357 'find-file-hook 'auto-insert)} into your @file{~/.emacs} file
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358 (@pxref{(emacs)Init File}).
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359
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360 @vindex auto-insert-alist
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361 What gets inserted, if anything, is determined by the variable
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362 @code{auto-insert-alist}. The @sc{car}s of this list are each either
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363 a mode name, making an element applicable when a buffer is in that
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364 mode. Or they can be a string, which is a regexp matched against the
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365 buffer's file name. In that way different kinds of files that have
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366 the same mode in Emacs can be distinguished. The @sc{car}s may also
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367 be cons cells consisting of mode name or regexp as above and an
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368 additional descriptive string.
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369
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370 When a matching element is found, the @sc{cdr} says what to do. It may
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371 be a string, which is a file name, whose contents are to be inserted, if
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372 that file is found in the directory @code{auto-insert-directory} or under a
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373 absolute file name. Or it can be a skeleton (@pxref{Skeleton Language}) to
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374 be inserted.
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375
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376 It can also be a function, which allows doing various things. The function
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377 can simply insert some text, indeed, it can be skeleton command (@pxref{Using
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378 Skeletons}). It can be a lambda function which will for example conditionally
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379 call another function. Or it can even reset the mode for the buffer. If you
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380 want to perform several such actions in order, you use a vector, i.e. several
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381 of the above elements between square brackets (@samp{[@r{@dots{}}]}).
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382
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383 By default C and C++ headers insert a definition of a symbol derived from
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384 the filename to prevent multiple inclusions. C and C++ sources insert an
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385 include of the header. Makefiles insert the file makefile.inc if it exists.
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386
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387 TeX and bibTeX mode files insert the file tex-insert.tex if it exists, while
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388 LaTeX mode files insert a typical @code{\documentclass} frame. Html
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389 files insert a skeleton with the usual frame.
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390
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391 Ada mode files call the Ada header skeleton command. Emacs lisp
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392 source files insert the usual header, with a copyright of your
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393 environment variable @env{$ORGANIZATION} or else the FSF, and prompt
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394 for valid keywords describing the contents. Files in a @file{bin}
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395 directory for which Emacs could determine no specialized mode
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396 (@pxref{(emacs)Choosing Modes}) are set to Shell script mode.
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397
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398 @findex define-auto-insert
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399 In Lisp (@pxref{(emacs)Init File}) you can use the function
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400 @code{define-auto-insert} to add to or modify
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401 @code{auto-insert-alist}. See its documentation with @kbd{C-h f
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402 define-auto-insert}.
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403
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404 @vindex auto-insert
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405 The variable @code{auto-insert} says what to do when @code{auto-insert} is
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406 called non-interactively, e.g. when a newly found file is empty (see above):
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407 @table @asis
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408 @item @code{nil}
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409 Do nothing.
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410 @item @code{t}
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411 Insert something if possible, i.e. there is a matching entry in
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412 @code{auto-insert-alist}.
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413 @item other
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414 Insert something if possible, but mark as unmodified.
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415 @end table
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416
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417 @vindex auto-insert-query
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418 The variable @code{auto-insert-query} controls whether to ask about
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419 inserting something. When this is @code{nil}, inserting is only done with
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420 @kbd{M-x auto-insert}. When this is @code{function}, you are queried
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421 whenever @code{auto-insert} is called as a function, such as when Emacs
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422 visits an empty file and you have set the above-mentioned hook. Otherwise
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423 you are alway queried.
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424
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425 @vindex auto-insert-prompt
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426 When querying, the variable @code{auto-insert-prompt}'s value is used as a
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427 prompt for a y-or-n-type question. If this includes a @samp{%s} construct,
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428 that is replaced by what caused the insertion rule to be chosen. This is
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429 either a descriptive text, the mode-name of the buffer or the regular
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430 expression that matched the filename.
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431
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432
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433
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434 @node Copyrights
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435 @chapter Inserting and Updating Copyrights
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436 @cindex copyrights
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437
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438 @findex copyright
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439 @kbd{M-x copyright} is a skeleton inserting command, that adds a copyright
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440 notice at the point. The ``by'' part is taken from your environment variable
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441 @env{$ORGANIZATION} or if that isn't set you are prompted for it. If the
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442 buffer has a comment syntax (@pxref{(emacs)Comments}), this is inserted as a comment.
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443
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444 @findex copyright-update
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445 @vindex copyright-limit
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446 @vindex copyright-current-year
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447 @kbd{M-x copyright-update} looks for a copyright notice in the first
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448 @code{copyright-limit} characters of the buffer and updates it when necessary.
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449 The current year (variable @code{copyright-current-year}) is added to the
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450 existing ones, in the same format as the preceding year, i.e. 1994, '94 or 94.
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451 If a dash-separated year list up to last year is found, that is extended to
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452 current year, else the year is added separated by a comma. Or it replaces
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453 them when this is called with a prefix argument. If a header referring to a
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454 wrong version of the GNU General Public License (@pxref{(emacs)Copying}) is found,
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455 that is updated too.
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456
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457 An interesting application for this function is to have it be called
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458 automatically every time a file is saved. This is accomplished by
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459 putting @code{(add-hook 'before-save-hook 'copyright-update)} into
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460 your @file{~/.emacs} file (@pxref{(emacs)Init File}). Alternative,
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461 you can do @kbd{M-x customize-variable @key{RET} before-save-hook
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462 @key{RET}}. @code{copyright-update} is conveniently listed as an
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463 option in the customization buffer.
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464
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465 @vindex copyright-query
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466 The variable @code{copyright-query} controls whether to update the
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467 copyright or whether to ask about it. When this is @code{nil} updating is
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468 only done with @kbd{M-x copyright-update}. When this is @code{function}
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469 you are queried whenever @code{copyright-update} is called as a function,
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470 such as in the @code{before-save-hook} feature mentioned above. Otherwise
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471 you are always queried.
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472
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473
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474
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475 @node Executables
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476 @chapter Making Interpreter Scripts Executable
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477 @cindex executables
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478
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479 @vindex executable-prefix
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480 @vindex executable-chmod
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481 Various interpreter modes such as Shell script mode or AWK mode will
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482 automatically insert or update the buffer's magic number, a special
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483 comment on the first line that makes the @code{exec} systemcall know
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484 how to execute the script. To this end the script is automatically
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485 made executable upon saving, with @code{executable-chmod} as argument
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486 to the system @code{chmod} command. The magic number is prefixed by
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487 the value of @code{executable-prefix}.
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488
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489 @vindex executable-magicless-file-regexp
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490 Any file whose name matches @code{executable-magicless-file-regexp} is not
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491 furnished with a magic number, nor is it made executable. This is mainly
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492 intended for resource files, which are only meant to be read in.
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493
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494 @vindex executable-insert
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495 The variable @code{executable-insert} says what to do when
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496 @code{executable-set-magic} is called non-interactively, e.g. when file has no
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497 or the wrong magic number:
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498 @table @asis
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499 @item @code{nil}
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500 Do nothing.
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501 @item @code{t}
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502 Insert or update magic number.
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503 @item other
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504 Insert or update magic number, but mark as unmodified.
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505 @end table
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506
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507 @findex executable-set-magic
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508 @vindex executable-query
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509 The variable @code{executable-query} controls whether to ask about
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510 inserting or updating the magic number. When this is @code{nil} updating
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511 is only done with @kbd{M-x executable-set-magic}. When this is
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512 @code{function} you are queried whenever @code{executable-set-magic} is
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513 called as a function, such as when Emacs puts a buffer in Shell script
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514 mode. Otherwise you are alway queried.
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515
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516 @findex executable-self-display
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517 @kbd{M-x executable-self-display} adds a magic number to the buffer, which
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518 will turn it into a self displaying text file, when called as a Un*x command.
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519 The ``interpreter'' used is @code{executable-self-display} with argument
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520 @samp{+2}.
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521
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522 @node Timestamps
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523 @chapter Maintaining Timestamps in Modified Files
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524 @cindex timestamps
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525
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526 @findex time-stamp
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527 @vindex before-save-hook
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528 The @code{time-stamp} command can be used to update automatically a
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529 template in a file with a new time stamp every time you save the file.
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530 Customize the hook @code{before-save-hook} to add the function
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531 @code{time-stamp} to arrange this. It you use Custom to do this,
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532 then @code{time-stamp} is conveniently listed as an option in the
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533 customization buffer.
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534
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535 @vindex time-stamp-active
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536 @vindex time-stamp-format
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537 @vindex time-stamp-start
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538 The time stamp is updated only if the customizable variable
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539 @code{time-stamp-active} is on, which it is by default; the command
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540 @code{time-stamp-toggle-active} can be used to toggle it. The format of
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541 the time stamp is set by the customizable variable
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542 @code{time-stamp-format}.
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543
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544 @vindex time-stamp-line-limit
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545 @vindex time-stamp-end
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546 @vindex time-stamp-count
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547 @vindex time-stamp-inserts-lines
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548 The variables @code{time-stamp-line-limit}, @code{time-stamp-start},
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549 @code{time-stamp-end}, @code{time-stamp-count}, and
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550 @code{time-stamp-inserts-lines} control finding the template. Do not
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551 change these in your init file or you will be incompatible with other
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552 people's files. If you must change them, do so only in the local
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553 variables section of the file itself.
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554
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555 Normally the template must appear in the first 8 lines of a file and
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556 look like one of the following:
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557
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558 @example
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559 Time-stamp: <>
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560 Time-stamp: " "
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561 @end example
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562
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563 The time stamp is written between the brackets or quotes:
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564
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565 @example
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566 Time-stamp: <1998-02-18 10:20:51 gildea>
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567 @end example
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568
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569 @node QuickURL
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570 @chapter QuickURL: Inserting URLs Based on Text at Point
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571
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572 @vindex quickurl-url-file
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573 @findex quickurl
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574 @cindex URLs
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575 @kbd{M-x quickurl} can be used to insert a URL into a buffer based on
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576 the text at point. The URLs are stored in an external file defined by
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577 the variable @code{quickurl-url-file} as a list of either cons cells of
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578 the form @code{(@var{key} . @var{URL})} or
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579 lists of the form @code{(@var{key} @var{URL} @var{comment})}. These
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580 specify that @kbd{M-x quickurl} should insert @var{URL} if the word
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581 @var{key} is at point, for example:
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582
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583 @example
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584 (("FSF" "http://www.fsf.org/" "The Free Software Foundation")
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585 ("emacs" . "http://www.emacs.org/")
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586 ("hagbard" "http://www.hagbard.demon.co.uk" "Hagbard's World"))
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587 @end example
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588
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589 @findex quickurl-add-url
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590 @findex quickurl-list
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591 @kbd{M-x quickurl-add-url} can be used to add a new @var{key}/@var{URL}
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592 pair. @kbd{M-x quickurl-list} provides interactive editing of the URL
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593 list.
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594
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595 @node Tempo
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596 @chapter Tempo: Flexible Template Insertion
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597
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598 @cindex templates
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599 The Tempo package provides a simple way to define powerful templates, or
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600 macros, if you wish. It is mainly intended for, but not limited to,
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601 programmers to be used for creating shortcuts for editing
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602 certain kinds of documents.
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603
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604 @findex tempo-backward-mark
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605 @findex tempo-forward-mark
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606 A template is defined as a list of items to be inserted in the current
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607 buffer at point. Some can be simple strings, while others can control
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608 formatting or define special points of interest in the inserted text.
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609 @kbd{M-x tempo-backward-mark} and @kbd{M-x tempo-forward-mark} can be
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610 used to jump between such points.
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611
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612 More flexible templates can be created by including Lisp symbols, which
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613 will be evaluated as variables, or lists, which will be evaluated
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614 as Lisp expressions. Automatic completion of specified tags to expanded
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615 templates can be provided.
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616
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617 @findex tempo-define-template
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618 See the documentation for @code{tempo-define-template} for the different
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parents:
diff changeset
619 items that can be used to define a tempo template with a command for
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620 inserting it.
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diff changeset
621
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622 See the commentary in @file{tempo.el} for more information on using the
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623 Tempo package.
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624
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625 @node Hippie Expand
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626 @chapter `Hippie' Expansion
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627
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628 @findex hippie-expand
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629 @kindex M-/
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630 @vindex hippie-expand-try-functions-list
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diff changeset
631 @kbd{M-x hippie-expand} is a single command providing a variety of
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632 completions and expansions. Called repeatedly, it tries all possible
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633 completions in succession.
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634
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635 Which ones to try, and in which order, is determined by the contents of
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636 the customizable option @code{hippie-expand-try-functions-list}. Much
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diff changeset
637 customization of the expansion behavior can be made by changing the
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638 order of, removing, or inserting new functions in this list. Given a
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639 positive numeric argument, @kbd{M-x hippie-expand} jumps directly that
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640 number of functions forward in this list. Given some other argument (a
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641 negative argument or just @kbd{C-u}) it undoes the tried completion.
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642
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643 See the commentary in @file{hippie-exp.el} for more information on the
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644 possibilities.
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645
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646 Typically you would bind @code{hippie-expand} to @kbd{M-/} with
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diff changeset
647 @code{dabbrev-expand}, the standard binding of @kbd{M-/}, providing one
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648 of the expansion possibilities.
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649
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650 @node GNU Free Documentation License
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651 @appendix GNU Free Documentation License
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652 @include doclicense.texi
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653
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654 @node Concept Index
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655 @unnumbered Concept Index
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diff changeset
656 @printindex cp
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657
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658 @node Command Index
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diff changeset
659 @unnumbered Command Index
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660 @printindex fn
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661
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662 @node Variable Index
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663 @unnumbered Variable Index
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diff changeset
664 @printindex vr
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665
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666 @bye
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667
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668 @ignore
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669 arch-tag: 54001b27-5ef8-4a9d-a199-905d650fafba
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670 @end ignore