Mercurial > emacs
annotate lispref/internals.texi @ 7456:493a32789e7d
(update-file-autoloads): Delete leftover variable.
author | Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org> |
---|---|
date | Wed, 11 May 1994 04:40:25 +0000 |
parents | 075343a6b32b |
children | c5927c75b2b5 |
rev | line source |
---|---|
6451 | 1 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. | |
3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
4 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. | |
5 @setfilename ../info/internals | |
6 @node GNU Emacs Internals, Standard Errors, Tips, Top | |
7 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
8 @appendix GNU Emacs Internals | |
9 | |
10 This chapter describes how the runnable Emacs executable is dumped with | |
11 the preloaded Lisp libraries in it, how storage is allocated, and some | |
12 internal aspects of GNU Emacs that may be of interest to C programmers. | |
13 | |
14 @menu | |
15 * Building Emacs:: How to preload Lisp libraries into Emacs. | |
16 * Pure Storage:: A kludge to make preloaded Lisp functions sharable. | |
17 * Garbage Collection:: Reclaiming space for Lisp objects no longer used. | |
18 * Writing Emacs Primitives:: Writing C code for Emacs. | |
19 * Object Internals:: Data formats of buffers, windows, processes. | |
20 @end menu | |
21 | |
22 @node Building Emacs, Pure Storage, GNU Emacs Internals, GNU Emacs Internals | |
23 @appendixsec Building Emacs | |
24 @cindex building Emacs | |
25 @pindex temacs | |
26 | |
27 This section explains the steps involved in building the Emacs | |
28 executable. You don't have to know this material to build and install | |
29 Emacs, since the makefiles do all these things automatically. This | |
30 information is pertinent to Emacs maintenance. | |
31 | |
32 Compilation of the C source files in the @file{src} directory | |
33 produces an executable file called @file{temacs}, also called a | |
34 @dfn{bare impure Emacs}. It contains the Emacs Lisp interpreter and I/O | |
35 routines, but not the editing commands. | |
36 | |
37 @cindex @file{loadup.el} | |
38 The command @w{@samp{temacs -l loadup}} uses @file{temacs} to create | |
39 the real runnable Emacs executable. These arguments direct | |
40 @file{temacs} to evaluate the Lisp files specified in the file | |
41 @file{loadup.el}. These files set up the normal Emacs editing | |
42 environment, resulting in an Emacs which is still impure but no longer | |
43 bare. | |
44 | |
45 It takes a substantial time to load the standard Lisp files. Luckily, | |
46 you don't have to do this each time you run Emacs; @file{temacs} can | |
47 dump out an executable program called @file{emacs} which has these files | |
48 preloaded. @file{emacs} starts more quickly because it does not need to | |
49 load the files. This is the Emacs executable that is normally | |
50 installed. | |
51 | |
52 To create @file{emacs}, use the command @samp{temacs -batch -l loadup | |
53 dump}. The purpose of @samp{-batch} here is to prevent @file{temacs} | |
54 from trying to initialize any of its data on the terminal; this ensures | |
55 that the tables of terminal information are empty in the dumped Emacs. | |
56 The argument @samp{dump} tells @file{loadup.el} to dump a new executable | |
57 named @file{emacs}. | |
58 | |
59 Some operating systems don't support dumping. On those systems, you | |
60 must start Emacs with the @samp{temacs -l loadup} command each time you | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
61 use it. This takes a substantial time, but since you need to start |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
62 Emacs once a day at most---or once a week if you never log out---the |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
63 extra time is not too severe a problem. |
6451 | 64 |
65 @cindex @file{site-load.el} | |
66 You can specify additional files to preload by writing a library named | |
67 @file{site-load.el} which loads them. You may need to increase the | |
68 value of @code{PURESIZE}, in @file{src/puresize.h}, to make room for the | |
69 additional files. (Try adding increments of 20000 until it is big | |
70 enough.) However, the advantage of preloading additional files | |
71 decreases as machines get faster. On modern machines, it is usually not | |
72 advisable. | |
73 | |
74 @cindex @file{site-init.el} | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
75 You can specify other Lisp expressions to execute just before dumping |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
76 by putting them in a library named @file{site-init.el}. However, if |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
77 they might alter the behavior that users expect from an ordinary |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
78 unmodified Emacs, it is better to put them in @file{default.el}, so that |
6451 | 79 users can override them if they wish. @xref{Start-up Summary}. |
80 | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
81 Before @file{loadup.el} dumps the new executable, it finds the |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
82 documentation strings for primitive and preloaded functions (and |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
83 variables) in the file where they are stored, by calling |
6451 | 84 @code{Snarf-documentation} (@pxref{Accessing Documentation}). These |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
85 strings were moved out of the @file{emacs} executable to make it |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
86 smaller. @xref{Documentation Basics}. |
6451 | 87 |
88 @defun dump-emacs to-file from-file | |
89 @cindex unexec | |
90 This function dumps the current state of Emacs into an executable file | |
91 @var{to-file}. It takes symbols from @var{from-file} (this is normally | |
92 the executable file @file{temacs}). | |
93 | |
94 If you use this function in an Emacs that was already dumped, you must | |
95 set @code{command-line-processed} to @code{nil} first for good results. | |
96 @xref{Command Line Arguments}. | |
97 @end defun | |
98 | |
99 @deffn Command emacs-version | |
100 This function returns a string describing the version of Emacs that is | |
101 running. It is useful to include this string in bug reports. | |
102 | |
103 @example | |
104 @group | |
105 (emacs-version) | |
106 @result{} "GNU Emacs 19.22.1 of Fri Feb 27 1994 \ | |
107 on slug (berkeley-unix)" | |
108 @end group | |
109 @end example | |
110 | |
111 Called interactively, the function prints the same information in the | |
112 echo area. | |
113 @end deffn | |
114 | |
115 @defvar emacs-build-time | |
116 The value of this variable is the time at which Emacs was built at the | |
117 local site. | |
118 | |
119 @example | |
120 @group | |
121 emacs-build-time | |
122 @result{} "Fri Feb 27 14:55:57 1994" | |
123 @end group | |
124 @end example | |
125 @end defvar | |
126 | |
127 @defvar emacs-version | |
128 The value of this variable is the version of Emacs being run. It is a | |
129 string such as @code{"19.22.1"}. | |
130 @end defvar | |
131 | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
132 The following two variables did not exist before Emacs version 19.23, |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
133 which reduces their usefulness at present, but we hope they will be |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
134 convenient in the future. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
135 |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
136 @defvar emacs-major-version |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
137 The major version number of Emacs, as an integer. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
138 @end defvar |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
139 |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
140 @defvar emacs-minor-version |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
141 The minor version number of Emacs, as an integer. For Emacs version |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
142 19.23, the value is 23. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
143 @end defvar |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
144 |
6451 | 145 @node Pure Storage, Garbage Collection, Building Emacs, GNU Emacs Internals |
146 @appendixsec Pure Storage | |
147 @cindex pure storage | |
148 | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
149 Emacs Lisp uses two kinds of storage for user-created Lisp objects: |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
150 @dfn{normal storage} and @dfn{pure storage}. Normal storage is where |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
151 all the new data which is created during an Emacs session is kept; see |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
152 the following section for information on normal storage. Pure storage |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
153 is used for certain data in the preloaded standard Lisp files---data |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
154 that should never change during actual use of Emacs. |
6451 | 155 |
156 Pure storage is allocated only while @file{temacs} is loading the | |
157 standard preloaded Lisp libraries. In the file @file{emacs}, it is | |
158 marked as read-only (on operating systems which permit this), so that | |
159 the memory space can be shared by all the Emacs jobs running on the | |
160 machine at once. Pure storage is not expandable; a fixed amount is | |
161 allocated when Emacs is compiled, and if that is not sufficient for the | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
162 preloaded libraries, @file{temacs} crashes. If that happens, you must |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
163 increase the compilation parameter @code{PURESIZE} in the file |
6451 | 164 @file{src/puresize.h}. This normally won't happen unless you try to |
165 preload additional libraries or add features to the standard ones. | |
166 | |
167 @defun purecopy object | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
168 This function makes a copy of @var{object} in pure storage and returns |
6451 | 169 it. It copies strings by simply making a new string with the same |
170 characters in pure storage. It recursively copies the contents of | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
171 vectors and cons cells. It does not make copies of other objects such |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
172 as symbols, but just returns them unchanged. It signals an error if |
6451 | 173 asked to copy markers. |
174 | |
175 This function is used only while Emacs is being built and dumped; it is | |
176 called only in the file @file{emacs/lisp/loaddefs.el}. | |
177 @end defun | |
178 | |
179 @defvar pure-bytes-used | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
180 The value of this variable is the number of bytes of pure storage |
6451 | 181 allocated so far. Typically, in a dumped Emacs, this number is very |
182 close to the total amount of pure storage available---if it were not, | |
183 we would preallocate less. | |
184 @end defvar | |
185 | |
186 @defvar purify-flag | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
187 This variable determines whether @code{defun} should make a copy of the |
6451 | 188 function definition in pure storage. If it is non-@code{nil}, then the |
189 function definition is copied into pure storage. | |
190 | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
191 This flag is @code{t} while loading all of the basic functions for |
6451 | 192 building Emacs initially (allowing those functions to be sharable and |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
193 non-collectible). Dumping Emacs as an executable always writes |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
194 @code{nil} in this variable, regardless of the value it actually has |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
195 before and after dumping. |
6451 | 196 |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
197 You should not change this flag in a running Emacs. |
6451 | 198 @end defvar |
199 | |
200 @node Garbage Collection, Writing Emacs Primitives, Pure Storage, GNU Emacs Internals | |
201 @appendixsec Garbage Collection | |
202 @cindex garbage collector | |
203 | |
204 @cindex memory allocation | |
205 When a program creates a list or the user defines a new function (such | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
206 as by loading a library), that data is placed in normal storage. If |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
207 normal storage runs low, then Emacs asks the operating system to |
6451 | 208 allocate more memory in blocks of 1k bytes. Each block is used for one |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
209 type of Lisp object, so symbols, cons cells, markers, etc., are |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
210 segregated in distinct blocks in memory. (Vectors, long strings, |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
211 buffers and certain other editing types, which are fairly large, are |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
212 allocated in individual blocks, one per object, while small strings are |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
213 packed into blocks of 8k bytes.) |
6451 | 214 |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
215 It is quite common to use some storage for a while, then release it by |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
216 (for example) killing a buffer or deleting the last pointer to an |
6451 | 217 object. Emacs provides a @dfn{garbage collector} to reclaim this |
218 abandoned storage. (This name is traditional, but ``garbage recycler'' | |
219 might be a more intuitive metaphor for this facility.) | |
220 | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
221 The garbage collector operates by finding and marking all Lisp objects |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
222 that are still accessible to Lisp programs. To begin with, it assumes |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
223 all the symbols, their values and associated function definitions, and |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
224 any data presently on the stack, are accessible. Any objects which can |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
225 be reached indirectly through other accessible objects are also |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
226 accessible. |
6451 | 227 |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
228 When marking is finished, all objects still unmarked are garbage. No |
6451 | 229 matter what the Lisp program or the user does, it is impossible to refer |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
230 to them, since there is no longer a way to reach them. Their space |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
231 might as well be reused, since no one will miss them. The second, |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
232 ``sweep'' phase of the garbage collector arranges to reuse them. |
6451 | 233 |
234 @cindex free list | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
235 The sweep phase puts unused cons cells onto a @dfn{free list} |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
236 for future allocation; likewise for symbols and markers. It compacts |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
237 the accessible strings so they occupy fewer 8k blocks; then it frees the |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
238 other 8k blocks. Vectors, buffers, windows and other large objects are |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
239 individually allocated and freed using @code{malloc} and @code{free}. |
6451 | 240 |
241 @cindex CL note---allocate more storage | |
242 @quotation | |
243 @b{Common Lisp note:} unlike other Lisps, GNU Emacs Lisp does not | |
244 call the garbage collector when the free list is empty. Instead, it | |
245 simply requests the operating system to allocate more storage, and | |
246 processing continues until @code{gc-cons-threshold} bytes have been | |
247 used. | |
248 | |
249 This means that you can make sure that the garbage collector will not | |
250 run during a certain portion of a Lisp program by calling the garbage | |
251 collector explicitly just before it (provided that portion of the | |
252 program does not use so much space as to force a second garbage | |
253 collection). | |
254 @end quotation | |
255 | |
256 @deffn Command garbage-collect | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
257 This command runs a garbage collection, and returns information on |
6451 | 258 the amount of space in use. (Garbage collection can also occur |
259 spontaneously if you use more than @code{gc-cons-threshold} bytes of | |
260 Lisp data since the previous garbage collection.) | |
261 | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
262 @code{garbage-collect} returns a list containing the following |
6451 | 263 information: |
264 | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
265 @example |
6451 | 266 @group |
267 ((@var{used-conses} . @var{free-conses}) | |
268 (@var{used-syms} . @var{free-syms}) | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
269 @end group |
6451 | 270 (@var{used-markers} . @var{free-markers}) |
271 @var{used-string-chars} | |
272 @var{used-vector-slots} | |
273 (@var{used-floats} . @var{free-floats})) | |
274 | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
275 @group |
6451 | 276 (garbage-collect) |
277 @result{} ((3435 . 2332) (1688 . 0) | |
278 (57 . 417) 24510 3839 (4 . 1)) | |
279 @end group | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
280 @end example |
6451 | 281 |
282 Here is a table explaining each element: | |
283 | |
284 @table @var | |
285 @item used-conses | |
286 The number of cons cells in use. | |
287 | |
288 @item free-conses | |
289 The number of cons cells for which space has been obtained from the | |
290 operating system, but that are not currently being used. | |
291 | |
292 @item used-syms | |
293 The number of symbols in use. | |
294 | |
295 @item free-syms | |
296 The number of symbols for which space has been obtained from the | |
297 operating system, but that are not currently being used. | |
298 | |
299 @item used-markers | |
300 The number of markers in use. | |
301 | |
302 @item free-markers | |
303 The number of markers for which space has been obtained from the | |
304 operating system, but that are not currently being used. | |
305 | |
306 @item used-string-chars | |
307 The total size of all strings, in characters. | |
308 | |
309 @item used-vector-slots | |
310 The total number of elements of existing vectors. | |
311 | |
312 @item used-floats | |
313 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
314 The number of floats in use. | |
315 | |
316 @item free-floats | |
317 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
318 The number of floats for which space has been obtained from the | |
319 operating system, but that are not currently being used. | |
320 @end table | |
321 @end deffn | |
322 | |
323 @defopt gc-cons-threshold | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
324 The value of this variable is the number of bytes of storage that must |
6451 | 325 be allocated for Lisp objects after one garbage collection in order to |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
326 trigger another garbage collection. A cons cell counts as eight bytes, |
6451 | 327 a string as one byte per character plus a few bytes of overhead, and so |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
328 on; space allocated to the contents of buffers does not count. Note |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
329 that the subsequent garbage collection does not happen immediately when |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
330 the threshold is exhausted, but only the next time the Lisp evaluator is |
6451 | 331 called. |
332 | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
333 The initial threshold value is 100,000. If you specify a larger |
6451 | 334 value, garbage collection will happen less often. This reduces the |
335 amount of time spent garbage collecting, but increases total memory use. | |
336 You may want to do this when running a program which creates lots of | |
337 Lisp data. | |
338 | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
339 You can make collections more frequent by specifying a smaller value, |
6451 | 340 down to 10,000. A value less than 10,000 will remain in effect only |
341 until the subsequent garbage collection, at which time | |
342 @code{garbage-collect} will set the threshold back to 10,000. | |
343 @end defopt | |
344 | |
345 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
346 @defun memory-limit | |
347 This function returns the address of the last byte Emacs has allocated, | |
348 divided by 1024. We divide the value by 1024 to make sure it fits in a | |
349 Lisp integer. | |
350 | |
351 You can use this to get a general idea of how your actions affect the | |
352 memory usage. | |
353 @end defun | |
354 | |
355 @node Writing Emacs Primitives, Object Internals, Garbage Collection, GNU Emacs Internals | |
356 @appendixsec Writing Emacs Primitives | |
357 @cindex primitive function internals | |
358 | |
359 Lisp primitives are Lisp functions implemented in C. The details of | |
360 interfacing the C function so that Lisp can call it are handled by a few | |
361 C macros. The only way to really understand how to write new C code is | |
362 to read the source, but we can explain some things here. | |
363 | |
364 An example of a special form is the definition of @code{or}, from | |
365 @file{eval.c}. (An ordinary function would have the same general | |
366 appearance.) | |
367 | |
368 @cindex garbage collection protection | |
369 @smallexample | |
370 @group | |
371 DEFUN ("or", For, Sor, 0, UNEVALLED, 0, | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
372 "Eval args until one of them yields non-nil, then return that value.\n\ |
6451 | 373 The remaining args are not evalled at all.\n\ |
374 @end group | |
375 @group | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
376 If all args return nil, return nil.") |
6451 | 377 (args) |
378 Lisp_Object args; | |
379 @{ | |
380 register Lisp_Object val; | |
381 Lisp_Object args_left; | |
382 struct gcpro gcpro1; | |
383 @end group | |
384 | |
385 @group | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
386 if (NULL (args)) |
6451 | 387 return Qnil; |
388 | |
389 args_left = args; | |
390 GCPRO1 (args_left); | |
391 @end group | |
392 | |
393 @group | |
394 do | |
395 @{ | |
396 val = Feval (Fcar (args_left)); | |
397 if (!NULL (val)) | |
398 break; | |
399 args_left = Fcdr (args_left); | |
400 @} | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
401 while (!NULL (args_left)); |
6451 | 402 @end group |
403 | |
404 @group | |
405 UNGCPRO; | |
406 return val; | |
407 @} | |
408 @end group | |
409 @end smallexample | |
410 | |
411 Let's start with a precise explanation of the arguments to the | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
412 @code{DEFUN} macro. Here is a template for them: |
6451 | 413 |
414 @example | |
415 DEFUN (@var{lname}, @var{fname}, @var{sname}, @var{min}, @var{max}, @var{interactive}, @var{doc}) | |
416 @end example | |
417 | |
418 @table @var | |
419 @item lname | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
420 This is the name of the Lisp symbol to define as the function name; in |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
421 the example above, it is @code{or}. |
6451 | 422 |
423 @item fname | |
424 This is the C function name for this function. This is | |
425 the name that is used in C code for calling the function. The name is, | |
426 by convention, @samp{F} prepended to the Lisp name, with all dashes | |
427 (@samp{-}) in the Lisp name changed to underscores. Thus, to call this | |
428 function from C code, call @code{For}. Remember that the arguments must | |
429 be of type @code{Lisp_Object}; various macros and functions for creating | |
430 values of type @code{Lisp_Object} are declared in the file | |
431 @file{lisp.h}. | |
432 | |
433 @item sname | |
434 This is a C variable name to use for a structure that holds the data for | |
435 the subr object that represents the function in Lisp. This structure | |
436 conveys the Lisp symbol name to the initialization routine that will | |
437 create the symbol and store the subr object as its definition. By | |
438 convention, this name is always @var{fname} with @samp{F} replaced with | |
439 @samp{S}. | |
440 | |
441 @item min | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
442 This is the minimum number of arguments that the function requires. The |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
443 function @code{or} allows a minimum of zero arguments. |
6451 | 444 |
445 @item max | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
446 This is the maximum number of arguments that the function accepts, if |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
447 there is a fixed maximum. Alternatively, it can be @code{UNEVALLED}, |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
448 indicating a special form that receives unevaluated arguments, or |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
449 @code{MANY}, indicating an unlimited number of evaluated arguments (the |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
450 equivalent of @code{&rest}). Both @code{UNEVALLED} and @code{MANY} are |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
451 macros. If @var{max} is a number, it may not be less than @var{min} and |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
452 it may not be greater than seven. |
6451 | 453 |
454 @item interactive | |
455 This is an interactive specification, a string such as might be used as | |
456 the argument of @code{interactive} in a Lisp function. In the case of | |
457 @code{or}, it is 0 (a null pointer), indicating that @code{or} cannot be | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
458 called interactively. A value of @code{""} indicates a function that |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
459 should receive no arguments when called interactively. |
6451 | 460 |
461 @item doc | |
462 This is the documentation string. It is written just like a | |
463 documentation string for a function defined in Lisp, except you must | |
464 write @samp{\n\} at the end of each line. In particular, the first line | |
465 should be a single sentence. | |
466 @end table | |
467 | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
468 After the call to the @code{DEFUN} macro, you must write the argument |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
469 name list that every C function must have, followed by ordinary C |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
470 declarations for the arguments. For a function with a fixed maximum |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
471 number of arguments, declare a C argument for each Lisp argument, and |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
472 give them all type @code{Lisp_Object}. If the function has no upper |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
473 limit on the number of arguments in Lisp, then in C it receives two |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
474 arguments: the first is the number of Lisp arguments, and the second is |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
475 the address of a block containing their values. They have types |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
476 @code{int} and @w{@code{Lisp_Object *}}. |
6451 | 477 |
478 Within the function @code{For} itself, note the use of the macros | |
479 @code{GCPRO1} and @code{UNGCPRO}. @code{GCPRO1} is used to ``protect'' | |
480 a variable from garbage collection---to inform the garbage collector that | |
481 it must look in that variable and regard its contents as an accessible | |
482 object. This is necessary whenever you call @code{Feval} or anything | |
483 that can directly or indirectly call @code{Feval}. At such a time, any | |
484 Lisp object that you intend to refer to again must be protected somehow. | |
485 @code{UNGCPRO} cancels the protection of the variables that are | |
486 protected in the current function. It is necessary to do this explicitly. | |
487 | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
488 For most data types, it suffices to protect at least one pointer to |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
489 the object; as long as the object is not recycled, all pointers to it |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
490 remain valid. This is not so for strings, because the garbage collector |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
491 can move them. When the garbage collector moves a string, it relocates |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
492 all the pointers it knows about; any other pointers become invalid. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
493 Therefore, you must protect all pointers to strings across any point |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
494 where garbage collection may be possible. |
6451 | 495 |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
496 The macro @code{GCPRO1} protects just one local variable. If you want |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
497 to protect two, use @code{GCPRO2} instead; repeating @code{GCPRO1} will |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
498 not work. Macros @code{GCPRO3} and @code{GCPRO4} also exist. |
6451 | 499 |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
500 These macros implicitly use local variables such as @code{gcpro1}; you |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
501 must declare these explicitly, with type @code{struct gcpro}. Thus, if |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
502 you use @code{GCPRO2}, you must declare @code{gcpro1} and @code{gcpro2}. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
503 Alas, we can't explain all the tricky details here. |
6451 | 504 |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
505 Defining the C function is not enough to make a Lisp primitive |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
506 available; you must also create the Lisp symbol for the primitive and |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
507 store a suitable subr object in its function cell. The code looks like |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
508 this: |
6451 | 509 |
510 @example | |
511 defsubr (&@var{subr-structure-name}); | |
512 @end example | |
513 | |
514 @noindent | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
515 Here @var{subr-structure-name} is the name you used as the third |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
516 argument to @code{DEFUN}. |
6451 | 517 |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
518 If you add a new primitive to a file that already has Lisp primitives |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
519 defined in it, find the function (near the end of the file) named |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
520 @code{syms_of_@var{something}}, and add the call to @code{defsubr} |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
521 there. If the file doesn't have this function, or if you create a new |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
522 file, add to it a @code{syms_of_@var{filename}} (e.g., |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
523 @code{syms_of_myfile}). Then find the spot in @file{emacs.c} where all |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
524 of these functions are called, and add a call to |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
525 @code{syms_of_@var{filename}} there. |
6451 | 526 |
527 This function @code{syms_of_@var{filename}} is also the place to | |
528 define any C variables which are to be visible as Lisp variables. | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
529 @code{DEFVAR_LISP} makes a C variable of type @code{Lisp_Object} visible |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
530 in Lisp. @code{DEFVAR_INT} makes a C variable of type @code{int} |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
531 visible in Lisp with a value that is always an integer. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
532 @code{DEFVAR_BOOL} makes a C variable of type @code{int} visible in Lisp |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
533 with a value that is either @code{t} or @code{nil}. |
6451 | 534 |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
535 Here is another example function, with more complicated arguments. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
536 This comes from the code for the X Window System, and it demonstrates |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
537 the use of macros and functions to manipulate Lisp objects. |
6451 | 538 |
539 @smallexample | |
540 @group | |
541 DEFUN ("coordinates-in-window-p", Fcoordinates_in_window_p, | |
542 Scoordinates_in_window_p, 2, 2, | |
543 "xSpecify coordinate pair: \nXExpression which evals to window: ", | |
544 "Return non-nil if POSITIONS is in WINDOW.\n\ | |
545 \(POSITIONS is a list, (SCREEN-X SCREEN-Y)\)\n\ | |
546 @end group | |
547 @group | |
548 Returned value is list of positions expressed\n\ | |
549 relative to window upper left corner.") | |
550 (coordinate, window) | |
551 register Lisp_Object coordinate, window; | |
552 @{ | |
553 register Lisp_Object xcoord, ycoord; | |
554 @end group | |
555 | |
556 @group | |
557 if (!CONSP (coordinate)) wrong_type_argument (Qlistp, coordinate); | |
558 CHECK_WINDOW (window, 2); | |
559 xcoord = Fcar (coordinate); | |
560 ycoord = Fcar (Fcdr (coordinate)); | |
561 CHECK_NUMBER (xcoord, 0); | |
562 CHECK_NUMBER (ycoord, 1); | |
563 @end group | |
564 @group | |
565 if ((XINT (xcoord) < XINT (XWINDOW (window)->left)) | |
566 || (XINT (xcoord) >= (XINT (XWINDOW (window)->left) | |
567 + XINT (XWINDOW (window)->width)))) | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
568 return Qnil; |
6451 | 569 XFASTINT (xcoord) -= XFASTINT (XWINDOW (window)->left); |
570 @end group | |
571 @group | |
572 if (XINT (ycoord) == (screen_height - 1)) | |
573 return Qnil; | |
574 @end group | |
575 @group | |
576 if ((XINT (ycoord) < XINT (XWINDOW (window)->top)) | |
577 || (XINT (ycoord) >= (XINT (XWINDOW (window)->top) | |
578 + XINT (XWINDOW (window)->height)) - 1)) | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
579 return Qnil; |
6451 | 580 @end group |
581 @group | |
582 XFASTINT (ycoord) -= XFASTINT (XWINDOW (window)->top); | |
583 return (Fcons (xcoord, Fcons (ycoord, Qnil))); | |
584 @} | |
585 @end group | |
586 @end smallexample | |
587 | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
588 Note that C code cannot call functions by name unless they are defined |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
589 in C. The way to call a function written in Lisp is to use |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
590 @code{Ffuncall}, which embodies the Lisp function @code{funcall}. Since |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
591 the Lisp function @code{funcall} accepts an unlimited number of |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
592 arguments, in C it takes two: the number of Lisp-level arguments, and a |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
593 one-dimensional array containing their values. The first Lisp-level |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
594 argument is the Lisp function to call, and the rest are the arguments to |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
595 pass to it. Since @code{Ffuncall} can call the evaluator, you must |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
596 protect pointers from garbage collection around the call to |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
597 @code{Ffuncall}. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
598 |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
599 The C functions @code{call0}, @code{call1}, @code{call2}, and so on, |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
600 provide handy ways to call a Lisp function conveniently with a fixed |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
601 number of arguments. They work by calling @code{Ffuncall}. |
6451 | 602 |
603 @file{eval.c} is a very good file to look through for examples; | |
604 @file{lisp.h} contains the definitions for some important macros and | |
605 functions. | |
606 | |
607 @node Object Internals, , Writing Emacs Primitives, GNU Emacs Internals | |
608 @appendixsec Object Internals | |
609 @cindex object internals | |
610 | |
611 GNU Emacs Lisp manipulates many different types of data. The actual | |
612 data are stored in a heap and the only access that programs have to it is | |
613 through pointers. Pointers are thirty-two bits wide in most | |
614 implementations. Depending on the operating system and type of machine | |
615 for which you compile Emacs, twenty-four to twenty-six bits are used to | |
616 address the object, and the remaining six to eight bits are used for a | |
617 tag that identifies the object's type. | |
618 | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
619 Because Lisp objects are represented as tagged pointers, it is always |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
620 possible to determine the Lisp data type of any object. The C data type |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
621 @code{Lisp_Object} can hold any Lisp object of any data type. Ordinary |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
622 variables have type @code{Lisp_Object}, which means they can hold any |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
623 type of Lisp value; you can determine the actual data type only at run |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
624 time. The same is true for function arguments; if you want a function |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
625 to accept only a certain type of argument, you must check the type |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
626 explicitly using a suitable predicate (@pxref{Type Predicates}). |
6451 | 627 @cindex type checking internals |
628 | |
629 @menu | |
630 * Buffer Internals:: Components of a buffer structure. | |
631 * Window Internals:: Components of a window structure. | |
632 * Process Internals:: Components of a process structure. | |
633 @end menu | |
634 | |
635 @node Buffer Internals, Window Internals, Object Internals, Object Internals | |
636 @appendixsubsec Buffer Internals | |
637 @cindex internals, of buffer | |
638 @cindex buffer internals | |
639 | |
640 Buffers contain fields not directly accessible by the Lisp programmer. | |
641 We describe them here, naming them by the names used in the C code. | |
642 Many are accessible indirectly in Lisp programs via Lisp primitives. | |
643 | |
644 @table @code | |
645 @item name | |
646 The buffer name is a string which names the buffer. It is guaranteed to | |
647 be unique. @xref{Buffer Names}. | |
648 | |
649 @item save_modified | |
650 This field contains the time when the buffer was last saved, as an integer. | |
651 @xref{Buffer Modification}. | |
652 | |
653 @item modtime | |
654 This field contains the modification time of the visited file. It is | |
655 set when the file is written or read. Every time the buffer is written | |
656 to the file, this field is compared to the modification time of the | |
657 file. @xref{Buffer Modification}. | |
658 | |
659 @item auto_save_modified | |
660 This field contains the time when the buffer was last auto-saved. | |
661 | |
662 @item last_window_start | |
663 This field contains the @code{window-start} position in the buffer as of | |
664 the last time the buffer was displayed in a window. | |
665 | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
666 @item undo_list |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
667 This field points to the buffer's undo list. @xref{Undo}. |
6451 | 668 |
669 @item syntax_table_v | |
670 This field contains the syntax table for the buffer. @xref{Syntax Tables}. | |
671 | |
672 @item downcase_table | |
673 This field contains the conversion table for converting text to lower case. | |
674 @xref{Case Table}. | |
675 | |
676 @item upcase_table | |
677 This field contains the conversion table for converting text to upper case. | |
678 @xref{Case Table}. | |
679 | |
680 @item case_canon_table | |
681 This field contains the conversion table for canonicalizing text for | |
682 case-folding search. @xref{Case Table}. | |
683 | |
684 @item case_eqv_table | |
685 This field contains the equivalence table for case-folding search. | |
686 @xref{Case Table}. | |
687 | |
688 @item display_table | |
689 This field contains the buffer's display table, or @code{nil} if it doesn't | |
690 have one. @xref{Display Tables}. | |
691 | |
692 @item markers | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
693 This field contains the chain of all markers that currently point into |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
694 the buffer. Deletion of text in the buffer, and motion of the buffer's |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
695 gap, must check each of these markers and perhaps update it. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
696 @xref{Markers}. |
6451 | 697 |
698 @item backed_up | |
699 This field is a flag which tells whether a backup file has been made | |
700 for the visited file of this buffer. | |
701 | |
702 @item mark | |
703 This field contains the mark for the buffer. The mark is a marker, | |
704 hence it is also included on the list @code{markers}. @xref{The Mark}. | |
705 | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
706 @item mark_active |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
707 This field is non-@code{nil} if the buffer's mark is active. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
708 |
6451 | 709 @item local_var_alist |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
710 This field contains the association list describing the variables local |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
711 in this buffer, and their values, with the exception of local variables |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
712 that have special slots in the buffer object. (Those slots are omitted |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
713 from this table.) @xref{Buffer-Local Variables}. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
714 |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
715 @item keymap |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
716 This field holds the buffer's local keymap. @xref{Keymaps}. |
6451 | 717 |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
718 @item overlay_center |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
719 This field holds the current overlay center position. @xref{Overlays}. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
720 |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
721 @item overlays_before |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
722 This field holds a list of the overlays in this buffer that end at or |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
723 before the current overlay center position. They are sorted in order of |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
724 decreasing end position. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
725 |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
726 @item overlays_after |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
727 This field holds a list of the overlays in this buffer that end after |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
728 the current overlay center position. They are sorted in order of |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
729 increasing beginning position. |
6451 | 730 @end table |
731 | |
732 @node Window Internals, Process Internals, Buffer Internals, Object Internals | |
733 @appendixsubsec Window Internals | |
734 @cindex internals, of window | |
735 @cindex window internals | |
736 | |
737 Windows have the following accessible fields: | |
738 | |
739 @table @code | |
740 @item frame | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
741 The frame that this window is on. |
6451 | 742 |
743 @item mini_p | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
744 Non-@code{nil} if this window is a minibuffer window. |
6451 | 745 |
746 @item buffer | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
747 The buffer which the window is displaying. This may change often during |
6451 | 748 the life of the window. |
749 | |
750 @item dedicated | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
751 Non-@code{nil} if this window is dedicated to its buffer. |
6451 | 752 |
753 @item pointm | |
754 @cindex window point internals | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
755 This is the value of point in the current buffer when this window is |
6451 | 756 selected; when it is not selected, it retains its previous value. |
757 | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
758 @item start |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
759 he position in the buffer which is the first character to be displayed |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
760 in the window. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
761 |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
762 @item force_start |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
763 If this flag is non-@code{nil}, it says that the window has been |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
764 scrolled explicitly by the Lisp program. This affects what the next |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
765 redisplay does if point is off the screen: instead of scrolling the |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
766 window to show the text around point, it moves point to a location that |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
767 is on the screen. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
768 |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
769 @item last_modified |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
770 The @code{modified} field of the window's buffer, as of the last time |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
771 a redisplay completed in this window. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
772 |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
773 @item last_point |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
774 The buffer's value of point, as of the last time |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
775 a redisplay completed in this window. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
776 |
6451 | 777 @item left |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
778 This is the left-hand edge of the window, measured in columns. (The |
6451 | 779 leftmost column on the screen is @w{column 0}.) |
780 | |
781 @item top | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
782 This is the top edge of the window, measured in lines. (The top line on |
6451 | 783 the screen is @w{line 0}.) |
784 | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
785 @item height |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
786 The height of the window, measured in lines. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
787 |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
788 @item width |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
789 The width of the window, measured in columns. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
790 |
6451 | 791 @item next |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
792 This is the window that is the next in the chain of siblings. It is |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
793 @code{nil} in a window that is the rightmost or bottommost of a group of |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
794 siblings. |
6451 | 795 |
796 @item prev | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
797 This is the window that is the previous in the chain of siblings. It is |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
798 @code{nil} in a window that is the leftmost or topmost of a group of |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
799 siblings. |
6451 | 800 |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
801 @item parent |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
802 Internally, Emacs arranges windows in a tree; each group of siblings has |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
803 a parent window whose area includes all the siblings. This field points |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
804 to a window's parent. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
805 |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
806 Parent windows do not display buffers, and play little role in display |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
807 except to shape their child windows. Emacs Lisp programs usually have |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
808 no access to the parent windows; they operate on the windows at the |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
809 leaves of the tree, that actually display buffers. |
6451 | 810 |
811 @item hscroll | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
812 This is the number of columns that the display in the window is scrolled |
6451 | 813 horizontally to the left. Normally, this is 0. |
814 | |
815 @item use_time | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
816 This is the last time that the window was selected. The function |
6451 | 817 @code{get-lru-window} uses this field. |
818 | |
819 @item display_table | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
820 The window's display table, or @code{nil} if none is specified for it. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
821 |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
822 @item update_mode_line |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
823 Non-@code{nil} means this window's mode line needs to be updated. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
824 |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
825 @item base_line_number |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
826 The line number of a certain position in the buffer, or @code{nil}. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
827 This is used for displaying the line number of point in the mode line. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
828 |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
829 @item base_line_pos |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
830 The position in the buffer for which the line number is known, or |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
831 @code{nil} meaning none is known. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
832 |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
833 @item region_showing |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
834 If the region (or part of it) is highlighted in this window, this field |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
835 holds the mark position that made one end of that region. Otherwise, |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
836 this field is @code{nil}. |
6451 | 837 @end table |
838 | |
839 @node Process Internals, , Window Internals, Object Internals | |
840 @appendixsubsec Process Internals | |
841 @cindex internals, of process | |
842 @cindex process internals | |
843 | |
844 The fields of a process are: | |
845 | |
846 @table @code | |
847 @item name | |
848 A string, the name of the process. | |
849 | |
850 @item command | |
851 A list containing the command arguments that were used to start this | |
852 process. | |
853 | |
854 @item filter | |
855 A function used to accept output from the process instead of a buffer, | |
856 or @code{nil}. | |
857 | |
858 @item sentinel | |
859 A function called whenever the process receives a signal, or @code{nil}. | |
860 | |
861 @item buffer | |
862 The associated buffer of the process. | |
863 | |
864 @item pid | |
865 An integer, the Unix process @sc{id}. | |
866 | |
867 @item childp | |
868 A flag, non-@code{nil} if this is really a child process. | |
869 It is @code{nil} for a network connection. | |
870 | |
871 @item mark | |
872 A marker indicating the position of end of last output from this process | |
873 inserted into the buffer. This is usually the end of the buffer. | |
874 | |
875 @item kill_without_query | |
7086
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
876 If this is non-@code{nil}, killing Emacs while this process is still |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
877 running does not ask for confirmation about killing the process. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
878 |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
879 @item raw_status_low |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
880 @itemx raw_status_high |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
881 These two fields record 16 bits each of the process status returned by |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
882 the @code{wait} system call. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
883 |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
884 @item status |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
885 The process status, as @code{process-status} should return it. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
886 |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
887 @item tick |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
888 @itemx update_tick |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
889 If these two fields are not equal, a change in the status of the process |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
890 needs to be reported, either by running the sentinel or by inserting a |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
891 message in the process buffer. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
892 |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
893 @item pty_flag |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
894 Non-@code{nil} if communication with the subprocess uses a @sc{pty}; |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
895 @code{nil} if it uses a pipe. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
896 |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
897 @item infd |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
898 The file descriptor for input from the process. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
899 |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
900 @item outfd |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
901 The file descriptor for output to the process. |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
902 |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
903 @item subtty |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
904 The file descriptor for the terminal that the subprocess is using. (On |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
905 some systems, there is no need to record this, so the value is |
075343a6b32b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6451
diff
changeset
|
906 @code{nil}.) |
6451 | 907 @end table |