annotate lispref/os.texi @ 8404:49ffb0b7fd22

(display-time-string-forms): New variable. (display-time-filter): Simplify to use it.
author Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
date Sun, 31 Jul 1994 22:49:46 +0000
parents 6a2af30d33fe
children 7cdfcd5e71ff
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1 @c -*-texinfo-*-
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2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual.
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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4 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions.
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5 @setfilename ../info/os
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6 @node System Interface, Display, Processes, Top
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7 @chapter Operating System Interface
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8
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9 This chapter is about starting and getting out of Emacs, access to
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10 values in the operating system environment, and terminal input, output
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11 and flow control.
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12
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13 @xref{Building Emacs}, for related information. See also
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14 @ref{Display}, for additional operating system status information
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15 pertaining to the terminal and the screen.
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16
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17 @menu
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18 * Starting Up:: Customizing Emacs start-up processing.
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19 * Getting Out:: How exiting works (permanent or temporary).
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20 * System Environment:: Distinguish the name and kind of system.
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21 * User Identification:: Finding the name and user id of the user.
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22 * Time of Day:: Getting the current time.
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23 * Timers:: Setting a timer to call a function at a certain time.
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24 * Terminal Input:: Recording terminal input for debugging.
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25 * Terminal Output:: Recording terminal output for debugging.
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26 * Special Keysyms:: Defining system-specific key symbols for X windows.
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27 * Flow Control:: How to turn output flow control on or off.
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28 * Batch Mode:: Running Emacs without terminal interaction.
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29 @end menu
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30
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31 @node Starting Up
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32 @section Starting Up Emacs
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33
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34 This section describes what Emacs does when it is started, and how you
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35 can customize these actions.
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36
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37 @menu
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38 * Start-up Summary:: Sequence of actions Emacs performs at start-up.
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39 * Init File:: Details on reading the init file (@file{.emacs}).
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40 * Terminal-Specific:: How the terminal-specific Lisp file is read.
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41 * Command Line Arguments:: How command line arguments are processed,
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42 and how you can customize them.
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43 @end menu
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44
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45 @node Start-up Summary
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46 @subsection Summary: Sequence of Actions at Start Up
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47 @cindex initialization
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48 @cindex start up of Emacs
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49 @cindex @file{startup.el}
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50
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51 The order of operations performed (in @file{startup.el}) by Emacs when
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52 it is started up is as follows:
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53
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54 @enumerate
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55 @item
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56 It loads the initialization library for the window system, if you are
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57 using a window system. This library's name is
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58 @file{term/@var{windowsystem}-win.el}.
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59
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60 @item
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61 It initializes the X window frame and faces, if appropriate.
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62
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63 @item
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64 It runs the normal hook @code{before-init-hook}.
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65
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66 @item
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67 It loads the library @file{site-start}, unless the option
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68 @samp{-no-site-file} was specified. The library's file name is usually
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69 @file{site-start.el}.
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70 @cindex @file{site-start.el}
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71
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72 @item
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73 It loads the file @file{~/.emacs} unless @samp{-q} was specified on
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74 command line. (This is not done in @samp{-batch} mode.) The @samp{-u}
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75 option can specify the user name whose home directory should be used
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76 instead of @file{~}.
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77
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78 @item
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79 It loads the library @file{default} unless @code{inhibit-default-init}
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80 is non-@code{nil}. (This is not done in @samp{-batch} mode or if
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81 @samp{-q} was specified on command line.) The library's file name is
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82 usually @file{default.el}.
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83 @cindex @file{default.el}
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84
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85 @item
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86 It runs the normal hook @code{after-init-hook}.
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87
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88 @item
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89 It sets the major mode according to @code{initial-major-mode}, provided
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90 the buffer @samp{*scratch*} is still current and still in Fundamental
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91 mode.
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92
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93 @item
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94 It loads the terminal-specific Lisp file, if any, except when in batch
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95 mode or using a window system.
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96
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97 @item
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98 It displays the initial echo area message, unless you have suppressed
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99 that with @code{inhibit-startup-echo-area-message}.
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100
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101 @item
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102 It processes any remaining command line arguments.
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103
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104 @item
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105 It runs @code{term-setup-hook}.
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106
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107 @item
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108 It calls @code{frame-notice-user-settings}, which modifies the
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109 parameters of the selected frame according to whatever the init files
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110 specify.
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111
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112 @item
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113 It runs @code{window-setup-hook}. @xref{Window Systems}.
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114
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115 @item
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116 It displays copyleft, nonwarranty and basic use information, provided
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117 there were no remaining command line arguments (a few steps above) and
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118 the value of @code{inhibit-startup-message} is @code{nil}.
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119 @end enumerate
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120
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121 @defopt inhibit-startup-message
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122 This variable inhibits the initial startup messages (the nonwarranty,
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123 etc.). If it is non-@code{nil}, then the messages are not printed.
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124
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125 This variable exists so you can set it in your personal init file, once
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126 you are familiar with the contents of the startup message. Do not set
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127 this variable in the init file of a new user, or in a way that affects
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128 more than one user, because that would prevent new users from receiving
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129 the information they are supposed to see.
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130 @end defopt
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131
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132 @defopt inhibit-startup-echo-area-message
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133 This variable controls the display of the startup echo area message.
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134 You can suppress the startup echo area message by adding text with this
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135 form to your @file{.emacs} file:
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136
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137 @example
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138 (setq inhibit-startup-echo-area-message
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139 "@var{your-login-name}")
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140 @end example
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141
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142 Simply setting @code{inhibit-startup-echo-area-message} to your login
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143 name is not sufficient to inhibit the message; Emacs explicitly checks
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144 whether @file{.emacs} contains an expression as shown above. Your login
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145 name must appear in the expression as a Lisp string constant.
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146
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147 This way, you can easily inhibit the message for yourself if you wish,
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148 but thoughtless copying of your @file{.emacs} file will not inhibit the
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149 message for someone else.
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150 @end defopt
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151
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152 @node Init File
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153 @subsection The Init File: @file{.emacs}
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154 @cindex init file
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155 @cindex @file{.emacs}
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156
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157 When you start Emacs, it normally attempts to load the file
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158 @file{.emacs} from your home directory. This file, if it exists, must
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159 contain Lisp code. It is called your @dfn{init file}. The command line
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160 switches @samp{-q} and @samp{-u} affect the use of the init file;
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161 @samp{-q} says not to load an init file, and @samp{-u} says to load a
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162 specified user's init file instead of yours. @xref{Entering Emacs,,,
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163 emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}.
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164
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165 @cindex default init file
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166 A site may have a @dfn{default init file}, which is the library named
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167 @file{default.el}. Emacs finds the @file{default.el} file through the
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168 standard search path for libraries (@pxref{How Programs Do Loading}).
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169 The Emacs distribution does not come with this file; sites may provide
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170 one for local customizations. If the default init file exists, it is
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171 loaded whenever you start Emacs, except in batch mode or if @samp{-q} is
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172 specified. But your own personal init file, if any, is loaded first; if
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173 it sets @code{inhibit-default-init} to a non-@code{nil} value, then
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174 Emacs does not subsequently load the @file{default.el} file.
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175
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176 Another file for site-customization is @file{site-start.el}. Emacs
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177 loads this @emph{before} the user's init file. You can inhibit the
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178 loading of this file with the option @samp{-no-site-file}.
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179
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180 If there is a great deal of code in your @file{.emacs} file, you
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181 should move it into another file named @file{@var{something}.el},
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182 byte-compile it (@pxref{Byte Compilation}), and make your @file{.emacs}
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183 file load the other file using @code{load} (@pxref{Loading}).
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184
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185 @xref{Init File Examples,,, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}, for
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186 examples of how to make various commonly desired customizations in your
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187 @file{.emacs} file.
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188
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189 @defopt inhibit-default-init
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190 This variable prevents Emacs from loading the default initialization
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191 library file for your session of Emacs. If its value is non-@code{nil},
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192 then the default library is not loaded. The default value is
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193 @code{nil}.
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194 @end defopt
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195
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196 @defvar before-init-hook
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197 @defvarx after-init-hook
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198 These two normal hooks are run just before, and just after, loading of
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199 the user's init file, @file{default.el}, and/or @file{site-start.el}.
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200 @end defvar
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201
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202 @node Terminal-Specific
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203 @subsection Terminal-Specific Initialization
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204 @cindex terminal-specific initialization
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205
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206 Each terminal type can have its own Lisp library that Emacs loads when
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207 run on that type of terminal. For a terminal type named @var{termtype},
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208 the library is called @file{term/@var{termtype}}. Emacs finds the file
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209 by searching the @code{load-path} directories as it does for other
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210 files, and trying the @samp{.elc} and @samp{.el} suffixes. Normally,
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211 terminal-specific Lisp library is located in @file{emacs/lisp/term}, a
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212 subdirectory of the @file{emacs/lisp} directory in which most Emacs Lisp
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213 libraries are kept.@refill
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214
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215 The library's name is constructed by concatenating the value of the
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216 variable @code{term-file-prefix} and the terminal type. Normally,
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217 @code{term-file-prefix} has the value @code{"term/"}; changing this
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218 is not recommended.
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219
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220 The usual function of a terminal-specific library is to enable special
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221 keys to send sequences that Emacs can recognize. It may also need to
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222 set or add to @code{function-key-map} if the Termcap entry does not
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223 specify all the terminal's function keys. @xref{Terminal Input}.
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224
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225 @cindex Termcap
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226 When the name of the terminal type contains a hyphen, only the part of
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227 the name before the first hyphen is significant in choosing the library
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228 name. Thus, terminal types @samp{aaa-48} and @samp{aaa-30-rv} both use
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229 the @file{term/aaa} library. If necessary, the library can evaluate
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230 @code{(getenv "TERM")} to find the full name of the terminal
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231 type.@refill
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232
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233 Your @file{.emacs} file can prevent the loading of the
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234 terminal-specific library by setting the variable
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235 @code{term-file-prefix} to @code{nil}. This feature is useful when
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236 experimenting with your own peculiar customizations.
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237
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238 You can also arrange to override some of the actions of the
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239 terminal-specific library by setting the variable
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240 @code{term-setup-hook}. This is a normal hook which Emacs runs using
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241 @code{run-hooks} at the end of Emacs initialization, after loading both
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242 your @file{.emacs} file and any terminal-specific libraries. You can
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243 use this variable to define initializations for terminals that do not
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244 have their own libraries. @xref{Hooks}.
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245
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246 @defvar term-file-prefix
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247 @cindex @code{TERM} environment variable
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248 If the @code{term-file-prefix} variable is non-@code{nil}, Emacs loads
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249 a terminal-specific initialization file as follows:
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250
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251 @example
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252 (load (concat term-file-prefix (getenv "TERM")))
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253 @end example
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254
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255 @noindent
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256 You may set the @code{term-file-prefix} variable to @code{nil} in your
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257 @file{.emacs} file if you do not wish to load the
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258 terminal-initialization file. To do this, put the following in
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259 your @file{.emacs} file: @code{(setq term-file-prefix nil)}.
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260 @end defvar
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261
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262 @defvar term-setup-hook
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263 This variable is a normal hook which Emacs runs after loading your
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264 @file{.emacs} file, the default initialization file (if any) and the
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265 terminal-specific Lisp file.
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266
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267 You can use @code{term-setup-hook} to override the definitions made by a
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268 terminal-specific file.
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269 @end defvar
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270
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271 See @code{window-setup-hook} in @ref{Window Systems}, for a related
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272 feature.
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273
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274 @node Command Line Arguments
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275 @subsection Command Line Arguments
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276 @cindex command line arguments
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277
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278 You can use command line arguments to request various actions when you
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279 start Emacs. Since you do not need to start Emacs more than once per
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280 day, and will often leave your Emacs session running longer than that,
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281 command line arguments are hardly ever used. As a practical matter, it
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282 is best to avoid making the habit of using them, since this habit would
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283 encourage you to kill and restart Emacs unnecessarily often. These
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284 options exist for two reasons: to be compatible with other editors (for
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285 invocation by other programs) and to enable shell scripts to run
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286 specific Lisp programs.
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287
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288 This section describes how Emacs processes command line arguments,
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289 and how you can customize them.
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290
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291 @ignore
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292 (Note that some other editors require you to start afresh each time
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293 you want to edit a file. With this kind of editor, you will probably
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294 specify the file as a command line argument. The recommended way to
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295 use GNU Emacs is to start it only once, just after you log in, and do
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296 all your editing in the same Emacs process. Each time you want to edit
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297 a different file, you visit it with the existing Emacs, which eventually
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298 comes to have many files in it ready for editing. Usually you do not
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299 kill the Emacs until you are about to log out.)
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300 @end ignore
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301
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302 @defun command-line
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303 This function parses the command line which Emacs was called with,
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304 processes it, loads the user's @file{.emacs} file and displays the
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305 initial nonwarranty information, etc.
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306 @end defun
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307
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308 @defvar command-line-processed
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309 The value of this variable is @code{t} once the command line has been
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310 processed.
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311
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312 If you redump Emacs by calling @code{dump-emacs}, you may wish to set
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313 this variable to @code{nil} first in order to cause the new dumped Emacs
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314 to process its new command line arguments.
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315 @end defvar
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316
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317 @defvar command-switch-alist
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318 @cindex switches on command line
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319 @cindex options on command line
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320 @cindex command line options
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321 The value of this variable is an alist of user-defined command-line
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322 options and associated handler functions. This variable exists so you
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323 can add elements to it.
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324
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325 A @dfn{command line option} is an argument on the command line of the
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326 form:
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327
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328 @example
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329 -@var{option}
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330 @end example
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331
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332 The elements of the @code{command-switch-alist} look like this:
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333
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334 @example
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335 (@var{option} . @var{handler-function})
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336 @end example
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337
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338 The @var{handler-function} is called to handle @var{option} and receives
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339 the option name as its sole argument.
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340
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341 In some cases, the option is followed in the command line by an
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342 argument. In these cases, the @var{handler-function} can find all the
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343 remaining command-line arguments in the variable
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344 @code{command-line-args-left}. (The entire list of command-line
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345 arguments is in @code{command-line-args}.)
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346
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347 The command line arguments are parsed by the @code{command-line-1}
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348 function in the @file{startup.el} file. See also @ref{Command
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349 Switches, , Command Line Switches and Arguments, emacs, The GNU Emacs
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350 Manual}.
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351 @end defvar
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352
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353 @defvar command-line-args
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354 The value of this variable is the list of command line arguments passed
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355 to Emacs.
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356 @end defvar
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357
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358 @defvar command-line-functions
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359 This variable's value is a list of functions for handling an
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360 unrecognized command-line argument. Each time the next argument to be
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361 processed has no special meaning, the functions in this list are called,
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362 in the order they appear, until one of them returns a non-@code{nil}
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363 value.
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364
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365 These functions are called with no arguments. They can access the
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366 command-line argument under consideration through the variable
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367 @code{argi}. The remaining arguments (not including the current one)
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368 are in the variable @code{command-line-args-left}.
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369
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370 When a function recognizes and processes the argument in @code{argi}, it
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371 should return a non-@code{nil} value to say it has dealt with that
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372 argument. If it has also dealt with some of the following arguments, it
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373 can indicate that by deleting them from @code{command-line-args-left}.
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374
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375 If all of these functions return @code{nil}, then the argument is used
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376 as a file name to visit.
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377 @end defvar
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378
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379 @node Getting Out
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380 @section Getting Out of Emacs
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381 @cindex exiting Emacs
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382
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383 There are two ways to get out of Emacs: you can kill the Emacs job,
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384 which exits permanently, or you can suspend it, which permits you to
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385 reenter the Emacs process later. As a practical matter, you seldom kill
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386 Emacs---only when you are about to log out. Suspending is much more
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387 common.
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388
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389 @menu
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390 * Killing Emacs:: Exiting Emacs irreversibly.
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391 * Suspending Emacs:: Exiting Emacs reversibly.
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392 @end menu
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393
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394 @node Killing Emacs
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395 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
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396 @subsection Killing Emacs
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397 @cindex killing Emacs
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398
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399 Killing Emacs means ending the execution of the Emacs process. The
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400 parent process normally resumes control. The low-level primitive for
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401 killing Emacs is @code{kill-emacs}.
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402
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403 @defun kill-emacs &optional exit-data
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404 This function exits the Emacs process and kills it.
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405
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406 If @var{exit-data} is an integer, then it is used as the exit status
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407 of the Emacs process. (This is useful primarily in batch operation; see
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408 @ref{Batch Mode}.)
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409
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410 If @var{exit-data} is a string, its contents are stuffed into the
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411 terminal input buffer so that the shell (or whatever program next reads
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412 input) can read them.
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413 @end defun
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414
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415 All the information in the Emacs process, aside from files that have
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416 been saved, is lost when the Emacs is killed. Because killing Emacs
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417 inadvertently can lose a lot of work, Emacs queries for confirmation
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418 before actually terminating if you have buffers that need saving or
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419 subprocesses that are running. This is done in the function
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420 @code{save-buffers-kill-emacs}.
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421
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422 @defvar kill-emacs-query-functions
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423 After asking the standard questions, @code{save-buffers-kill-emacs}
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424 calls the functions in the list @code{kill-buffer-query-functions}, in
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425 order of appearance, with no arguments. These functions can ask for
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426 additional confirmation from the user. If any of them returns
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427 non-@code{nil}, Emacs is not killed.
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428 @end defvar
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429
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430 @defvar kill-emacs-hook
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431 This variable is a normal hook; once @code{save-buffers-kill-emacs} is
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432 finished with all file saving and confirmation, it runs the functions in
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433 this hook.
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434 @end defvar
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435
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436 @node Suspending Emacs
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437 @subsection Suspending Emacs
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438 @cindex suspending Emacs
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439
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440 @dfn{Suspending Emacs} means stopping Emacs temporarily and returning
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441 control to its superior process, which is usually the shell. This
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442 allows you to resume editing later in the same Emacs process, with the
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443 same buffers, the same kill ring, the same undo history, and so on. To
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444 resume Emacs, use the appropriate command in the parent shell---most
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445 likely @code{fg}.
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446
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447 Some operating systems do not support suspension of jobs; on these
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448 systems, ``suspension'' actually creates a new shell temporarily as a
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449 subprocess of Emacs. Then you would exit the shell to return to Emacs.
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450
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451 Suspension is not useful with window systems such as X, because the
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452 Emacs job may not have a parent that can resume it again, and in any
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453 case you can give input to some other job such as a shell merely by
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454 moving to a different window. Therefore, suspending is not allowed
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455 when Emacs is an X client.
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456
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457 @defun suspend-emacs string
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458 This function stops Emacs and returns control to the superior process.
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459 If and when the superior process resumes Emacs, @code{suspend-emacs}
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460 returns @code{nil} to its caller in Lisp.
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461
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462 If @var{string} is non-@code{nil}, its characters are sent to be read
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463 as terminal input by Emacs's superior shell. The characters in
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464 @var{string} are not echoed by the superior shell; only the results
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465 appear.
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466
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467 Before suspending, @code{suspend-emacs} runs the normal hook
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468 @code{suspend-hook}. In Emacs version 18, @code{suspend-hook} was not a
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469 normal hook; its value was a single function, and if its value was
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470 non-@code{nil}, then @code{suspend-emacs} returned immediately without
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471 actually suspending anything.
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472
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473 After the user resumes Emacs, it runs the normal hook
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474 @code{suspend-resume-hook}. @xref{Hooks}.
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475
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476 The next redisplay after resumption will redraw the entire screen,
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477 unless the variable @code{no-redraw-on-reenter} is non-@code{nil}
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478 (@pxref{Refresh Screen}).
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479
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480 In the following example, note that @samp{pwd} is not echoed after
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481 Emacs is suspended. But it is read and executed by the shell.
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482
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483 @smallexample
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484 @group
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485 (suspend-emacs)
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486 @result{} nil
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487 @end group
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488
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489 @group
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490 (add-hook 'suspend-hook
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491 (function (lambda ()
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492 (or (y-or-n-p
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493 "Really suspend? ")
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494 (error "Suspend cancelled")))))
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495 @result{} (lambda nil
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496 (or (y-or-n-p "Really suspend? ")
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497 (error "Suspend cancelled")))
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498 @end group
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499 @group
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500 (add-hook 'suspend-resume-hook
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501 (function (lambda () (message "Resumed!"))))
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502 @result{} (lambda nil (message "Resumed!"))
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503 @end group
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diff changeset
504 @group
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parents:
diff changeset
505 (suspend-emacs "pwd")
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506 @result{} nil
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507 @end group
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508 @group
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diff changeset
509 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ----------
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diff changeset
510 Really suspend? @kbd{y}
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diff changeset
511 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ----------
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512 @end group
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diff changeset
513
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514 @group
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diff changeset
515 ---------- Parent Shell ----------
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516 lewis@@slug[23] % /user/lewis/manual
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517 lewis@@slug[24] % fg
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518 @end group
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diff changeset
519
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520 @group
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diff changeset
521 ---------- Echo Area ----------
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522 Resumed!
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523 @end group
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524 @end smallexample
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525 @end defun
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diff changeset
526
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527 @defvar suspend-hook
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diff changeset
528 This variable is a normal hook run before suspending.
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529 @end defvar
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diff changeset
530
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diff changeset
531 @defvar suspend-resume-hook
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diff changeset
532 This variable is a normal hook run after suspending.
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533 @end defvar
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diff changeset
534
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diff changeset
535 @node System Environment
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diff changeset
536 @section Operating System Environment
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diff changeset
537 @cindex operating system environment
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diff changeset
538
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539 Emacs provides access to variables in the operating system environment
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540 through various functions. These variables include the name of the
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diff changeset
541 system, the user's @sc{uid}, and so on.
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542
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543 @defvar system-type
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544 The value of this variable is a symbol indicating the type of
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545 operating system Emacs is operating on. Here is a table of the symbols
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546 for the operating systems that Emacs can run on up to version 19.1.
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547
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548 @table @code
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549 @item aix-v3
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550 AIX.
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551
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552 @item berkeley-unix
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553 Berkeley BSD.
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554
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555 @item hpux
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556 Hewlett-Packard operating system.
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557
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558 @item irix
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559 Silicon Graphics Irix system.
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560
7277
6a2af30d33fe *** empty log message ***
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561 @item linux
6a2af30d33fe *** empty log message ***
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562 The free Linux operating system.
6a2af30d33fe *** empty log message ***
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563
6558
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564 @item rtu
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565 Masscomp RTU, UCB universe.
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parents:
diff changeset
566
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567 @item unisoft-unix
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568 UniSoft UniPlus.
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parents:
diff changeset
569
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570 @item usg-unix-v
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diff changeset
571 AT&T System V.
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572
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573 @item vax-vms
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574 VAX VMS.
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575
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576 @item xenix
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diff changeset
577 SCO Xenix 386.
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578 @end table
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diff changeset
579
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580 We do not wish to add new symbols to make finer distinctions unless it
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
581 is absolutely necessary! In fact, we hope to eliminate some of these
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
582 alternatives in the future. We recommend using
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
583 @code{system-configuration} to distinguish between different operating
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
584 systems.
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585 @end defvar
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586
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diff changeset
587 @defvar system-configuration
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588 This variable holds the three-part configuration name for the
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
589 hardware/software configuration of your system, as a string. The
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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590 convenient way to test parts of this string is with @code{string-match}.
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591 @end defvar
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diff changeset
592
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593 @defun system-name
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diff changeset
594 This function returns the name of the machine you are running on.
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diff changeset
595 @example
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diff changeset
596 (system-name)
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597 @result{} "prep.ai.mit.edu"
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598 @end example
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599 @end defun
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
600
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
601 @defun getenv var
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diff changeset
602 @cindex environment variable access
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
603 This function returns the value of the environment variable @var{var},
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604 as a string. Within Emacs, the environment variable values are kept in
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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605 the Lisp variable @code{process-environment}.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
606
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607 @example
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608 @group
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609 (getenv "USER")
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diff changeset
610 @result{} "lewis"
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diff changeset
611 @end group
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diff changeset
612
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
613 @group
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
614 lewis@@slug[10] % printenv
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
615 PATH=.:/user/lewis/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
616 USER=lewis
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
617 @end group
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
618 @group
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
619 TERM=ibmapa16
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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620 SHELL=/bin/csh
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
621 HOME=/user/lewis
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
622 @end group
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
623 @end example
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
624 @end defun
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
625
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
626 @c Emacs 19 feature
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
627 @deffn Command setenv variable value
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
628 This command sets the value of the environment variable named
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
629 @var{variable} to @var{value}. Both arguments should be strings. This
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
630 function works by modifying @code{process-environment}; binding that
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
631 variable with @code{let} is also reasonable practice.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
632 @end deffn
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
633
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
634 @defvar process-environment
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
635 This variable is a list of strings, each describing one environment
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
636 variable. The functions @code{getenv} and @code{setenv} work by means
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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diff changeset
637 of this variable.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
638
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
639 @smallexample
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
640 @group
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
641 process-environment
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
642 @result{} ("l=/usr/stanford/lib/gnuemacs/lisp"
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
643 "PATH=.:/user/lewis/bin:/usr/class:/nfsusr/local/bin"
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
644 "USER=lewis"
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
645 @end group
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
646 @group
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
647 "TERM=ibmapa16"
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
648 "SHELL=/bin/csh"
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
649 "HOME=/user/lewis")
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
650 @end group
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
651 @end smallexample
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
652 @end defvar
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
653
7086
075343a6b32b *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6558
diff changeset
654 @defvar invocation-name
075343a6b32b *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6558
diff changeset
655 This variable holds the program name under which Emacs was invoked. The
075343a6b32b *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6558
diff changeset
656 value is a string, and does not include a directory name.
075343a6b32b *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6558
diff changeset
657 @end defvar
075343a6b32b *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6558
diff changeset
658
075343a6b32b *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6558
diff changeset
659 @defvar invocation-directory
075343a6b32b *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6558
diff changeset
660 This variable holds the directory from which the Emacs executable was
075343a6b32b *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6558
diff changeset
661 invoked, or perhaps @code{nil} if that directory cannot be determined.
075343a6b32b *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6558
diff changeset
662 @end defvar
075343a6b32b *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6558
diff changeset
663
075343a6b32b *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6558
diff changeset
664 @defvar installation-directory
075343a6b32b *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6558
diff changeset
665 If non-@code{nil}, this is a directory within which to look for the
075343a6b32b *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6558
diff changeset
666 @file{lib-src} and @file{etc} subdirectories. This is non-@code{nil}
075343a6b32b *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6558
diff changeset
667 when Emacs can't find those directories in their standard installed
075343a6b32b *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6558
diff changeset
668 locations, but can find them near where the Emacs executable was found.
075343a6b32b *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6558
diff changeset
669 @end defvar
075343a6b32b *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6558
diff changeset
670
6558
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
671 @defun load-average
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
672 This function returns the current 1 minute, 5 minute and 15 minute
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
673 load averages in a list. The values are integers that are 100 times
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
674 the system load averages. (The load averages indicate the number of
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
675 processes trying to run.)
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
676
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
677 @example
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
678 @group
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
679 (load-average)
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
680 @result{} (169 48 36)
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parents:
diff changeset
681 @end group
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
682
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parents:
diff changeset
683 @group
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parents:
diff changeset
684 lewis@@rocky[5] % uptime
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parents:
diff changeset
685 11:55am up 1 day, 19:37, 3 users,
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
686 load average: 1.69, 0.48, 0.36
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parents:
diff changeset
687 @end group
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
688 @end example
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parents:
diff changeset
689 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
690
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parents:
diff changeset
691 @defun emacs-pid
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parents:
diff changeset
692 This function returns the process @sc{id} of the Emacs process.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
693 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
694
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parents:
diff changeset
695 @defun setprv privilege-name &optional setp getprv
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
696 This function sets or resets a VMS privilege. (It does not exist on
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
697 Unix.) The first arg is the privilege name, as a string. The second
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
698 argument, @var{setp}, is @code{t} or @code{nil}, indicating whether the
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
699 privilege is to be turned on or off. Its default is @code{nil}. The
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
700 function returns @code{t} if successful, @code{nil} otherwise.
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parents:
diff changeset
701
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parents:
diff changeset
702 If the third argument, @var{getprv}, is non-@code{nil}, @code{setprv}
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
703 does not change the privilege, but returns @code{t} or @code{nil}
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parents:
diff changeset
704 indicating whether the privilege is currently enabled.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
705 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
706
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parents:
diff changeset
707 @node User Identification
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parents:
diff changeset
708 @section User Identification
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parents:
diff changeset
709
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parents:
diff changeset
710 @defun user-login-name
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
711 This function returns the name under which the user is logged in. If
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
712 the environment variable @code{LOGNAME} is set, that value is used.
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parents:
diff changeset
713 Otherwise, if the environment variable @code{USER} is set, that value is
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
714 used. Otherwise, the value is based on the effective @sc{uid}, not the
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
715 real @sc{uid}.
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parents:
diff changeset
716
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parents:
diff changeset
717 @example
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parents:
diff changeset
718 @group
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parents:
diff changeset
719 (user-login-name)
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parents:
diff changeset
720 @result{} "lewis"
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parents:
diff changeset
721 @end group
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parents:
diff changeset
722 @end example
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parents:
diff changeset
723 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
724
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parents:
diff changeset
725 @defun user-real-login-name
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parents:
diff changeset
726 This function returns the user name corresponding to Emacs's real
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parents:
diff changeset
727 @sc{uid}. This ignores the effective @sc{uid} and ignores the
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parents:
diff changeset
728 environment variables @code{LOGNAME} and @code{USER}.
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parents:
diff changeset
729 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
730
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parents:
diff changeset
731 @defun user-full-name
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parents:
diff changeset
732 This function returns the full name of the user.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
733
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parents:
diff changeset
734 @example
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parents:
diff changeset
735 @group
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parents:
diff changeset
736 (user-full-name)
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
737 @result{} "Bil Lewis"
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
738 @end group
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
739 @end example
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
740 @end defun
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
741
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
742 @defun user-real-uid
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
743 This function returns the real @sc{uid} of the user.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
744
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
745 @example
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
746 @group
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
747 (user-real-uid)
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
748 @result{} 19
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
749 @end group
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
750 @end example
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
751 @end defun
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
752
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
753 @defun user-uid
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
754 This function returns the effective @sc{uid} of the user.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
755 @end defun
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
756
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
757 @node Time of Day
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
758 @section Time of Day
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
759
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
760 This section explains how to determine the current time and the time
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
761 zone.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
762
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
763 @defun current-time-string &optional time-value
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
764 This function returns the current time and date as a humanly-readable
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
765 string. The format of the string is unvarying; the number of characters
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
766 used for each part is always the same, so you can reliably use
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
767 @code{substring} to extract pieces of it. However, it would be wise to
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
768 count the characters from the beginning of the string rather than from
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
769 the end, as additional information may be added at the end.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
770
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
771 @c Emacs 19 feature
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
772 The argument @var{time-value}, if given, specifies a time to format
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
773 instead of the current time. The argument should be a cons cell
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
774 containing two integers, or a list whose first two elements are
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
775 integers. Thus, you can use times obtained from @code{current-time}
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
776 (see below) and from @code{file-attributes} (@pxref{File Attributes}).
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
777
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
778 @example
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
779 @group
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
780 (current-time-string)
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
781 @result{} "Wed Oct 14 22:21:05 1987"
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
782 @end group
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
783 @end example
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
784 @end defun
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
785
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
786 @c Emacs 19 feature
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
787 @defun current-time
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
788 This function returns the system's time value as a list of three
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
789 integers: @code{(@var{high} @var{low} @var{microsec})}. The integers
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
790 @var{high} and @var{low} combine to give the number of seconds since
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
791 0:00 January 1, 1970, which is
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
792 @ifinfo
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
793 @var{high} * 2**16 + @var{low}.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
794 @end ifinfo
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
795 @tex
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
796 $high*-2^{16}+low$.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
797 @end tex
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
798
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
799 The third element, @var{microsec}, gives the microseconds since the
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
800 start of the current second (or 0 for systems that return time only on
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
801 the resolution of a second).
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
802
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
803 The first two elements can be compared with file time values such as you
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
804 get with the function @code{file-attributes}. @xref{File Attributes}.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
805 @end defun
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
806
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
807 @c Emacs 19 feature
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
808 @defun current-time-zone &optional time-value
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
809 This function returns a list describing the time zone that the user is
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
810 in.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
811
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
812 The value has the form @code{(@var{offset} @var{name})}. Here
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
813 @var{offset} is an integer giving the number of seconds ahead of UTC
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
814 (east of Greenwich). A negative value means west of Greenwich. The
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
815 second element, @var{name} is a string giving the name of the time
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
816 zone. Both elements change when daylight savings time begins or ends;
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
817 if the user has specified a time zone that does not use a seasonal time
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
818 adjustment, then the value is constant through time.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
819
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
820 If the operating system doesn't supply all the information necessary to
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
821 compute the value, both elements of the list are @code{nil}.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
822
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
823 The argument @var{time-value}, if given, specifies a time to analyze
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
824 instead of the current time. The argument should be a cons cell
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
825 containing two integers, or a list whose first two elements are
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
826 integers. Thus, you can use times obtained from @code{current-time}
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
827 (see below) and from @code{file-attributes} (@pxref{File Attributes}).
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
828 @end defun
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
829
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
830 @node Timers
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
831 @section Timers
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
832
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
833 You can set up a timer to call a function at a specified future time.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
834
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
835 @defun run-at-time time repeat function &rest args
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
836 This function arranges to call @var{function} with arguments @var{args}
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
837 at time @var{time}. The argument @var{function} is a function to call
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
838 later, and @var{args} are the arguments to give it when it is called.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
839 The time @var{time} is specified as a string.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
840
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
841 Absolute times may be specified in a wide variety of formats; The form
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
842 @samp{@var{hour}:@var{min}:@var{sec} @var{timezone}
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
843 @var{month}/@var{day}/@var{year}}, where all fields are numbers, works;
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
844 the format that @code{current-time-string} returns is also allowed.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
845
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
846 To specify a relative time, use numbers followed by units.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
847 For example:
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
848
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
849 @table @samp
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
850 @item 1 min
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
851 denotes 1 minute from now.
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parents:
diff changeset
852 @item 1 min 5 sec
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parents:
diff changeset
853 denotes 65 seconds from now.
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parents:
diff changeset
854 @item 1 min 2 sec 3 hour 4 day 5 week 6 fortnight 7 month 8 year
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parents:
diff changeset
855 denotes exactly 103 months, 123 days, and 10862 seconds from now.
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parents:
diff changeset
856 @end table
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parents:
diff changeset
857
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parents:
diff changeset
858 If @var{time} is an integer, that specifies a relative time measured in
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parents:
diff changeset
859 seconds.
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parents:
diff changeset
860
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parents:
diff changeset
861 The argument @var{repeat} specifies how often to repeat the call. If
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
862 @var{repeat} is @code{nil}, there are no repetitions; @var{function} is
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
863 called just once, at @var{time}. If @var{repeat} is an integer, it
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
864 specifies a repetition period measured in seconds.
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parents:
diff changeset
865 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
866
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parents:
diff changeset
867 @defun cancel-timer timer
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parents:
diff changeset
868 Cancel the requested action for @var{timer}, which should be a value
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
869 previously returned by @code{run-at-time}. This cancels the effect of
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
870 that call to @code{run-at-time}; the arrival of the specified time will
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
871 not cause anything special to happen.
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parents:
diff changeset
872 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
873
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parents:
diff changeset
874 @node Terminal Input
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parents:
diff changeset
875 @section Terminal Input
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parents:
diff changeset
876 @cindex terminal input
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parents:
diff changeset
877
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parents:
diff changeset
878 This section describes functions and variables for recording or
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parents:
diff changeset
879 manipulating terminal input. See @ref{Display}, for related
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parents:
diff changeset
880 functions.
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parents:
diff changeset
881
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parents:
diff changeset
882 @menu
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parents:
diff changeset
883 * Input Modes:: Options for how input is processed.
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parents:
diff changeset
884 * Translating Input:: Low level conversion of some characters or events
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parents:
diff changeset
885 into others.
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parents:
diff changeset
886 * Recording Input:: Saving histories of recent or all input events.
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parents:
diff changeset
887 @end menu
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parents:
diff changeset
888
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parents:
diff changeset
889 @node Input Modes
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parents:
diff changeset
890 @subsection Input Modes
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parents:
diff changeset
891 @cindex input modes
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parents:
diff changeset
892 @cindex terminal input modes
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parents:
diff changeset
893
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parents:
diff changeset
894 @defun set-input-mode interrupt flow meta quit-char
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parents:
diff changeset
895 This function sets the mode for reading keyboard input. If
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parents:
diff changeset
896 @var{interrupt} is non-null, then Emacs uses input interrupts. If it is
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parents:
diff changeset
897 @code{nil}, then it uses @sc{cbreak} mode.
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parents:
diff changeset
898
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diff changeset
899 If @var{flow} is non-@code{nil}, then Emacs uses @sc{xon/xoff} (@kbd{C-q},
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parents:
diff changeset
900 @kbd{C-s}) flow control for output to terminal. This has no effect except
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parents:
diff changeset
901 in @sc{cbreak} mode. @xref{Flow Control}.
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parents:
diff changeset
902
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parents:
diff changeset
903 The default setting is system dependent. Some systems always use
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parents:
diff changeset
904 @sc{cbreak} mode regardless of what is specified.
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parents:
diff changeset
905
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parents:
diff changeset
906 @c Emacs 19 feature
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parents:
diff changeset
907 The argument @var{meta} controls support for input character codes
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parents:
diff changeset
908 above 127. If @var{meta} is @code{t}, Emacs converts characters with
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
909 the 8th bit set into Meta characters. If @var{meta} is @code{nil},
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
910 Emacs disregards the 8th bit; this is necessary when the terminal uses
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
911 it as a parity bit. If @var{meta} is neither @code{t} nor @code{nil},
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parents:
diff changeset
912 Emacs uses all 8 bits of input unchanged. This is good for terminals
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parents:
diff changeset
913 using European 8-bit character sets.
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parents:
diff changeset
914
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parents:
diff changeset
915 @c Emacs 19 feature
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parents:
diff changeset
916 If @var{quit-char} is non-@code{nil}, it specifies the character to
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
917 use for quitting. Normally this character is @kbd{C-g}.
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parents:
diff changeset
918 @xref{Quitting}.
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parents:
diff changeset
919 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
920
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parents:
diff changeset
921 The @code{current-input-mode} function returns the input mode settings
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
922 Emacs is currently using.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
923
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parents:
diff changeset
924 @c Emacs 19 feature
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parents:
diff changeset
925 @defun current-input-mode
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parents:
diff changeset
926 This function returns current mode for reading keyboard input. It
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
927 returns a list, corresponding to the arguments of @code{set-input-mode},
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
928 of the form @code{(@var{interrupt} @var{flow} @var{meta} @var{quit})} in
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
929 which:
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parents:
diff changeset
930 @table @var
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parents:
diff changeset
931 @item interrupt
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parents:
diff changeset
932 is non-@code{nil} when Emacs is using interrupt-driven input. If
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
933 @code{nil}, Emacs is using @sc{cbreak} mode.
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parents:
diff changeset
934 @item flow
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parents:
diff changeset
935 is non-@code{nil} if Emacs uses @sc{xon/xoff} (@kbd{C-q}, @kbd{C-s})
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
936 flow control for output to the terminal. This value has no effect
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
937 unless @var{interrupt} is non-@code{nil}.
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parents:
diff changeset
938 @item meta
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
939 is non-@code{t} if Emacs treats the eighth bit of input characters as
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
940 the meta bit; @code{nil} means Emacs clears the eighth bit of every
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
941 input character; any other value means Emacs uses all eight bits as the
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
942 basic character code.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
943 @item quit
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
944 is the character Emacs currently uses for quitting, usually @kbd{C-g}.
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parents:
diff changeset
945 @end table
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parents:
diff changeset
946 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
947
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parents:
diff changeset
948 @defvar meta-flag
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parents:
diff changeset
949 This variable used to control whether to treat the eight bit in keyboard
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
950 input characters as the @key{Meta} bit. @code{nil} meant no, and
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
951 anything else meant yes. This variable existed in Emacs versions 18 and
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
952 earlier but no longer exists in Emacs 19; use @code{set-input-mode}
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
953 instead.
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parents:
diff changeset
954 @end defvar
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parents:
diff changeset
955
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parents:
diff changeset
956 @node Translating Input
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parents:
diff changeset
957 @subsection Translating Input Events
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parents:
diff changeset
958 @cindex translating input events
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parents:
diff changeset
959
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parents:
diff changeset
960 This section describes features for translating input events into other
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
961 input events before they become part of key sequences.
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parents:
diff changeset
962
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
963 @c Emacs 19 feature
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parents:
diff changeset
964 @defvar extra-keyboard-modifiers
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parents:
diff changeset
965 This variable lets Lisp programs ``press'' the modifier keys on the
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
966 keyboard. The value is a bit mask:
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
967
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parents:
diff changeset
968 @table @asis
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
969 @item 1
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
970 The @key{SHIFT} key.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
971 @item 2
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
972 The @key{LOCK} key.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
973 @item 4
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
974 The @key{CTL} key.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
975 @item 8
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
976 The @key{META} key.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
977 @end table
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
978
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
979 Each time the user types a keyboard key, it is altered as if the
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
980 modifier keys specified in the bit mask were held down.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
981
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
982 When you use X windows, the program can ``press'' any of the modifier
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
983 keys in this way. Otherwise, only the @key{CTL} and @key{META} keys can
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
984 be virtually pressed.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
985 @end defvar
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parents:
diff changeset
986
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
987 @defvar keyboard-translate-table
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
988 This variable is the translate table for keyboard characters. It lets
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
989 you reshuffle the keys on the keyboard without changing any command
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
990 bindings. Its value must be a string or @code{nil}.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
991
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
992 If @code{keyboard-translate-table} is a string, then each character read
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
993 from the keyboard is looked up in this string and the character in the
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
994 string is used instead. If the string is of length @var{n}, character codes
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
995 @var{n} and up are untranslated.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
996
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
997 In the example below, we set @code{keyboard-translate-table} to a
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
998 string of 128 characters. Then we fill it in to swap the characters
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
999 @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-\} and the characters @kbd{C-q} and @kbd{C-^}.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1000 Subsequently, typing @kbd{C-\} has all the usual effects of typing
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1001 @kbd{C-s}, and vice versa. (@xref{Flow Control} for more information on
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1002 this subject.)
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1003
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1004 @cindex flow control example
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1005 @example
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1006 @group
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1007 (defun evade-flow-control ()
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1008 "Replace C-s with C-\ and C-q with C-^."
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1009 (interactive)
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1010 @end group
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1011 @group
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1012 (let ((the-table (make-string 128 0)))
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1013 (let ((i 0))
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1014 (while (< i 128)
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1015 (aset the-table i i)
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1016 (setq i (1+ i))))
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1017 @end group
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1018 ;; @r{Swap @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-\}.}
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parents:
diff changeset
1019 (aset the-table ?\034 ?\^s)
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parents:
diff changeset
1020 (aset the-table ?\^s ?\034)
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parents:
diff changeset
1021 @group
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parents:
diff changeset
1022 ;; @r{Swap @kbd{C-q} and @kbd{C-^}.}
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parents:
diff changeset
1023 (aset the-table ?\036 ?\^q)
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parents:
diff changeset
1024 (aset the-table ?\^q ?\036)
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parents:
diff changeset
1025 (setq keyboard-translate-table the-table)))
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parents:
diff changeset
1026 @end group
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parents:
diff changeset
1027 @end example
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parents:
diff changeset
1028
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diff changeset
1029 Note that this translation is the first thing that happens to a
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parents:
diff changeset
1030 character after it is read from the terminal. Record-keeping features
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1031 such as @code{recent-keys} and dribble files record the characters after
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parents:
diff changeset
1032 translation.
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parents:
diff changeset
1033 @end defvar
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parents:
diff changeset
1034
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parents:
diff changeset
1035 @defun keyboard-translate from to
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parents:
diff changeset
1036 This function modifies @code{keyboard-translate-table} to translate
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1037 character code @var{from} into character code @var{to}. It creates
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parents:
diff changeset
1038 or enlarges the translate table if necessary.
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parents:
diff changeset
1039 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
1040
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parents:
diff changeset
1041 @defvar function-key-map
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parents:
diff changeset
1042 This variable holds a keymap which describes the character sequences
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parents:
diff changeset
1043 sent by function keys on an ordinary character terminal. This keymap
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parents:
diff changeset
1044 uses the data structure as other keymaps, but is used differently: it
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1045 specifies translations to make while reading events.
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parents:
diff changeset
1046
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diff changeset
1047 If @code{function-key-map} ``binds'' a key sequence @var{k} to a vector
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parents:
diff changeset
1048 @var{v}, then when @var{k} appears as a subsequence @emph{anywhere} in a
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parents:
diff changeset
1049 key sequence, it is replaced with the events in @var{v}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1050
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diff changeset
1051 For example, VT100 terminals send @kbd{@key{ESC} O P} when the
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1052 keypad PF1 key is pressed. Therefore, we want Emacs to translate
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parents:
diff changeset
1053 that sequence of events into the single event @code{pf1}. We accomplish
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parents:
diff changeset
1054 this by ``binding'' @kbd{@key{ESC} O P} to @code{[pf1]} in
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parents:
diff changeset
1055 @code{function-key-map}, when using a VT100.
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parents:
diff changeset
1056
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diff changeset
1057 Thus, typing @kbd{C-c @key{PF1}} sends the character sequence @kbd{C-c
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parents:
diff changeset
1058 @key{ESC} O P}; later the function @code{read-key-sequence} translates
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parents:
diff changeset
1059 this back into @kbd{C-c @key{PF1}}, which it returns as the vector
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parents:
diff changeset
1060 @code{[?\C-c pf1]}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1061
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diff changeset
1062 Entries in @code{function-key-map} are ignored if they conflict with
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parents:
diff changeset
1063 bindings made in the minor mode, local, or global keymaps. The intent
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parents:
diff changeset
1064 is that the character sequences that function keys send should not have
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parents:
diff changeset
1065 command bindings in their own right.
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parents:
diff changeset
1066
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diff changeset
1067 The value of @code{function-key-map} is usually set up automatically
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parents:
diff changeset
1068 according to the terminal's Terminfo or Termcap entry, but sometimes
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parents:
diff changeset
1069 those need help from terminal-specific Lisp files. Emacs comes with
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1070 terminal-specific files for many common terminals; their main purpose is
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1071 to make entries in @code{function-key-map} beyond those that can be
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parents:
diff changeset
1072 deduced from Termcap and Terminfo. @xref{Terminal-Specific}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1073
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diff changeset
1074 Emacs versions 18 and earlier used totally different means of detecting
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parents:
diff changeset
1075 the character sequences that represent function keys.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1076 @end defvar
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parents:
diff changeset
1077
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parents:
diff changeset
1078 @defvar key-translation-map
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parents:
diff changeset
1079 This variable is another keymap used just like @code{function-key-map}
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parents:
diff changeset
1080 to translate input events into other events. It differs from
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1081 @code{function-key-map} in two ways:
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parents:
diff changeset
1082
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diff changeset
1083 @itemize @bullet
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parents:
diff changeset
1084 @item
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diff changeset
1085 @code{key-translation-map} goes to work after @code{function-key-map} is
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parents:
diff changeset
1086 finished; it receives the results of translation by
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parents:
diff changeset
1087 @code{function-key-map}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1088
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parents:
diff changeset
1089 @item
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parents:
diff changeset
1090 @code{key-translation-map} overrides actual key bindings.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1091 @end itemize
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parents:
diff changeset
1092
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parents:
diff changeset
1093 The intent of @code{key-translation-map} is for users to map one
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parents:
diff changeset
1094 character set to another, including ordinary characters normally bound
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parents:
diff changeset
1095 to @code{self-insert-command}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1096 @end defvar
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parents:
diff changeset
1097
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1098 @cindex key translation function
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parents:
diff changeset
1099 You can use @code{function-key-map} or @code{key-translation-map} for
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parents:
diff changeset
1100 more than simple aliases, by using a function, instead of a key
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parents:
diff changeset
1101 sequence, as the ``translation'' of a key. Then this function is called
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1102 to compute the translation of that key.
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parents:
diff changeset
1103
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1104 The key translation function receives one argument, which is the prompt
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parents:
diff changeset
1105 that was specified in @code{read-key-sequence}---or @code{nil} if the
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1106 key sequence is being read by the editor command loop. In most cases
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1107 you can ignore the prompt value.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1108
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1109 If the function reads input itself, it can have the effect of altering
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1110 the event that follows. For example, here's how to define @kbd{C-c h}
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parents:
diff changeset
1111 to turn the character that follows into a Hyper character:
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parents:
diff changeset
1112
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1113 @example
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1114 (defun hyperify (prompt)
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1115 (let ((e (read-event)))
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1116 (vector (if (numberp e)
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1117 (logior (lsh 1 20) e)
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1118 (if (memq 'hyper (event-modifiers e))
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1119 e
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1120 (add-event-modifier "H-" e))))))
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1121
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1122 (defun add-event-modifier (string e)
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1123 (let ((symbol (if (symbolp e) e (car e))))
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1124 (setq symbol (intern (concat string
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1125 (symbol-name symbol))))
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1126 (if (symbolp e)
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1127 symbol
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1128 (cons symbol (cdr e)))))
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1129
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1130 (define-key function-key-map "\C-ch" 'hyperify)
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1131 @end example
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1132
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1133 @pindex iso-transl
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1134 @cindex Latin-1 character set (input)
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1135 @cindex ISO Latin-1 characters (input)
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1136 The @file{iso-transl} library uses this feature to provide a way of
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1137 inputting non-ASCII Latin-1 characters.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1138
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1139 @node Recording Input
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1140 @subsection Recording Input
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1141
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1142 @defun recent-keys
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1143 This function returns a vector containing the last 100 input events
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1144 from the keyboard or mouse. All input events are included, whether or
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1145 not they were used as parts of key sequences. Thus, you always get the
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1146 last 100 inputs, not counting keyboard macros. (Events from keyboard
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1147 macros are excluded because they are less interesting for debugging; it
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1148 should be enough to see the events which invoked the macros.)
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1149 @end defun
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1150
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1151 @deffn Command open-dribble-file filename
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1152 @cindex dribble file
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1153 This function opens a @dfn{dribble file} named @var{filename}. When a
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1154 dribble file is open, each input event from the keyboard or mouse (but
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1155 not those from keyboard macros) is written in that file. A
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1156 non-character event is expressed using its printed representation
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1157 surrounded by @samp{<@dots{}>}.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1158
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1159 You close the dribble file by calling this function with an argument
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1160 of @code{nil}.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1161
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1162 This function is normally used to record the input necessary to
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1163 trigger an Emacs bug, for the sake of a bug report.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1164
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1165 @example
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1166 @group
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1167 (open-dribble-file "~/dribble")
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1168 @result{} nil
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1169 @end group
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1170 @end example
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1171 @end deffn
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1172
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1173 See also the @code{open-termscript} function (@pxref{Terminal Output}).
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parents:
diff changeset
1174
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1175 @node Terminal Output
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1176 @section Terminal Output
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1177 @cindex terminal output
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1178
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1179 The terminal output functions send output to the terminal or keep
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1180 track of output sent to the terminal. The variable @code{baud-rate}
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1181 tells you what Emacs thinks is the output speed of the terminal.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1182
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1183 @defvar baud-rate
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parents:
diff changeset
1184 This variable's value is the output speed of the terminal, as far as
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parents:
diff changeset
1185 Emacs knows. Setting this variable does not change the speed of actual
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parents:
diff changeset
1186 data transmission, but the value is used for calculations such as
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1187 padding. It also affects decisions about whether to scroll part of the
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parents:
diff changeset
1188 screen or repaint---even when using a window system, (We designed it
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1189 this way despite the fact that a window system has no true ``output
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parents:
diff changeset
1190 speed'', to give you a way to tune these decisions.)
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parents:
diff changeset
1191
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diff changeset
1192 The value is measured in baud.
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parents:
diff changeset
1193 @end defvar
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parents:
diff changeset
1194
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diff changeset
1195 If you are running across a network, and different parts of the
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parents:
diff changeset
1196 network work at different baud rates, the value returned by Emacs may be
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parents:
diff changeset
1197 different from the value used by your local terminal. Some network
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1198 protocols communicate the local terminal speed to the remote machine, so
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1199 that Emacs and other programs can get the proper value, but others do
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parents:
diff changeset
1200 not. If Emacs has the wrong value, it makes decisions that are less
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parents:
diff changeset
1201 than optimal. To fix the problem, set @code{baud-rate}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1202
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parents:
diff changeset
1203 @defun baud-rate
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parents:
diff changeset
1204 This function returns the value of the variable @code{baud-rate}. In
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parents:
diff changeset
1205 Emacs versions 18 and earlier, this was the only way to find out the
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parents:
diff changeset
1206 terminal speed.
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parents:
diff changeset
1207 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
1208
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parents:
diff changeset
1209 @defun send-string-to-terminal string
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parents:
diff changeset
1210 This function sends @var{string} to the terminal without alteration.
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parents:
diff changeset
1211 Control characters in @var{string} have terminal-dependent effects.
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parents:
diff changeset
1212
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diff changeset
1213 One use of this function is to define function keys on terminals that
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parents:
diff changeset
1214 have downloadable function key definitions. For example, this is how on
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1215 certain terminals to define function key 4 to move forward four
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1216 characters (by transmitting the characters @kbd{C-u C-f} to the
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1217 computer):
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parents:
diff changeset
1218
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diff changeset
1219 @example
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parents:
diff changeset
1220 @group
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parents:
diff changeset
1221 (send-string-to-terminal "\eF4\^U\^F")
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parents:
diff changeset
1222 @result{} nil
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parents:
diff changeset
1223 @end group
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parents:
diff changeset
1224 @end example
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parents:
diff changeset
1225 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
1226
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parents:
diff changeset
1227 @deffn Command open-termscript filename
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parents:
diff changeset
1228 @cindex termscript file
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parents:
diff changeset
1229 This function is used to open a @dfn{termscript file} that will record
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1230 all the characters sent by Emacs to the terminal. It returns
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1231 @code{nil}. Termscript files are useful for investigating problems
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parents:
diff changeset
1232 where Emacs garbles the screen, problems that are due to incorrect
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1233 Termcap entries or to undesirable settings of terminal options more
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1234 often than to actual Emacs bugs. Once you are certain which characters
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1235 were actually output, you can determine reliably whether they correspond
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1236 to the Termcap specifications in use.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1237
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parents:
diff changeset
1238 See also @code{open-dribble-file} in @ref{Terminal Input}.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1239
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1240 @example
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1241 @group
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parents:
diff changeset
1242 (open-termscript "../junk/termscript")
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parents:
diff changeset
1243 @result{} nil
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1244 @end group
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1245 @end example
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1246 @end deffn
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parents:
diff changeset
1247
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1248 @node Special Keysyms
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1249 @section System-Specific X11 Keysyms
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1250
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1251 To define system-specific X11 keysyms, set the variable
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1252 @code{system-key-alist}.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1253
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1254 @defvar system-key-alist
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1255 This variable's value should be an alist with one element for each
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1256 system-specific keysym. An element has this form: @code{(@var{code}
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1257 . @var{symbol})}, where @var{code} is the numeric keysym code (not
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1258 including the ``vendor specific'' bit, 1 << 28), and @var{symbol} is the
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1259 name for the function key.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1260
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1261 For example @code{(168 . mute-acute)} defines a system-specific key used
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1262 by HP X servers whose numeric code is (1 << 28) + 168.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1263
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1264 It is not a problem if the alist defines keysyms for other X servers, as
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1265 long as they don't conflict with the ones used by the X server actually
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1266 in use.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1267 @end defvar
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parents:
diff changeset
1268
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1269 @node Flow Control
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1270 @section Flow Control
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1271 @cindex flow control characters
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1272
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1273 This section attempts to answer the question ``Why does Emacs choose
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1274 to use flow-control characters in its command character set?'' For a
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1275 second view on this issue, read the comments on flow control in the
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1276 @file{emacs/INSTALL} file from the distribution; for help with Termcap
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1277 entries and DEC terminal concentrators, see @file{emacs/etc/TERMS}.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1278
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1279 @cindex @kbd{C-s}
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1280 @cindex @kbd{C-q}
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1281 At one time, most terminals did not need flow control, and none used
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1282 @code{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} for flow control. Therefore, the choice of
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1283 @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} as command characters was uncontroversial.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1284 Emacs, for economy of keystrokes and portability, used nearly all the
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1285 @sc{ASCII} control characters, with mnemonic meanings when possible;
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1286 thus, @kbd{C-s} for search and @kbd{C-q} for quote.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1287
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1288 Later, some terminals were introduced which required these characters
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1289 for flow control. They were not very good terminals for full-screen
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1290 editing, so Emacs maintainers did not pay attention. In later years,
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1291 flow control with @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} became widespread among
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1292 terminals, but by this time it was usually an option. And the majority
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1293 of users, who can turn flow control off, were unwilling to switch to
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1294 less mnemonic key bindings for the sake of flow control.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1295
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1296 So which usage is ``right'', Emacs's or that of some terminal and
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1297 concentrator manufacturers? This question has no simple answer.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1298
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1299 One reason why we are reluctant to cater to the problems caused by
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1300 @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} is that they are gratuitous. There are other
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1301 techniques (albeit less common in practice) for flow control that
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1302 preserve transparency of the character stream. Note also that their use
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1303 for flow control is not an official standard. Interestingly, on the
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1304 model 33 teletype with a paper tape punch (which is very old), @kbd{C-s}
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1305 and @kbd{C-q} were sent by the computer to turn the punch on and off!
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1306
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1307 GNU Emacs version 19 provides a convenient way of enabling flow
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1308 control if you want it: call the function @code{enable-flow-control}.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1309
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1310 @defun enable-flow-control
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1311 This function enables use of @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} for output flow
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1312 control, and provides the characters @kbd{C-\} and @kbd{C-^} as aliases
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1313 for them using @code{keyboard-translate-table} (@pxref{Translating Input}).
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1314 @end defun
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1315
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1316 You can use the function @code{enable-flow-control-on} in your
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1317 @file{.emacs} file to enable flow control automatically on certain
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1318 terminal types.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1319
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1320 @defun enable-flow-control-on &rest termtypes
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1321 This function enables flow control, and the aliases @kbd{C-\} and @kbd{C-^},
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1322 if the terminal type is one of @var{termtypes}. For example:
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1323
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1324 @smallexample
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1325 (enable-flow-control-on "vt200" "vt300" "vt101" "vt131")
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1326 @end smallexample
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1327 @end defun
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1328
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1329 Here is how @code{enable-flow-control} does its job:
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1330
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1331 @enumerate
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1332 @item
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1333 @cindex @sc{cbreak}
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1334 It sets @sc{cbreak} mode for terminal input, and tells the operating
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1335 system to handle flow control, with @code{(set-input-mode nil t)}.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1336
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1337 @item
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1338 It sets up @code{keyboard-translate-table} to translate @kbd{C-\} and
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1339 @kbd{C-^} into @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} were typed. Except at its very
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1340 lowest level, Emacs never knows that the characters typed were anything
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1341 but @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}, so you can in effect type them as @kbd{C-\}
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1342 and @kbd{C-^} even when they are input for other commands.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1343 @xref{Translating Input}.
7086
075343a6b32b *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6558
diff changeset
1344 @end enumerate
6558
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1345
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1346 If the terminal is the source of the flow control characters, then once
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1347 you enable kernel flow control handling, you probably can make do with
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1348 less padding than normal for that terminal. You can reduce the amount
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1349 of padding by customizing the Termcap entry. You can also reduce it by
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1350 setting @code{baud-rate} to a smaller value so that Emacs uses a smaller
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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1351 speed when calculating the padding needed. @xref{Terminal Output}.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1352
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1353 @node Batch Mode
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1354 @section Batch Mode
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1355 @cindex batch mode
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1356 @cindex noninteractive use
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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1357
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1358 The command line option @samp{-batch} causes Emacs to run
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1359 noninteractively. In this mode, Emacs does not read commands from the
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1360 terminal, it does not alter the terminal modes, and it does not expect
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1361 to be outputting to an erasable screen. The idea is that you specify
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1362 Lisp programs to run; when they are finished, Emacs should exit. The
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1363 way to specify the programs to run is with @samp{-l @var{file}}, which
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1364 loads the library named @var{file}, and @samp{-f @var{function}}, which
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1365 calls @var{function} with no arguments.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1366
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1367 Any Lisp program output that would normally go to the echo area,
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1368 either using @code{message} or using @code{prin1}, etc., with @code{t}
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1369 as the stream, goes instead to Emacs's standard output descriptor when
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1370 in batch mode. Thus, Emacs behaves much like a noninteractive
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1371 application program. (The echo area output that Emacs itself normally
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1372 generates, such as command echoing, is suppressed entirely.)
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1373
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1374 @defvar noninteractive
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1375 This variable is non-@code{nil} when Emacs is running in batch mode.
fa8ff07eaafc Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1376 @end defvar