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author | Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org> |
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date | Thu, 07 Aug 1997 20:51:57 +0000 |
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3199 | 1 GNU Emacs Installation Guide |
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2 Copyright (c) 1992, 1994, 1996 Free software Foundation, Inc. |
3199 | 3 |
4 Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies | |
5 of this document as received, in any medium, provided that the | |
6 copyright notice and permission notice are preserved, | |
7 and that the distributor grants the recipient permission | |
8 for further redistribution as permitted by this notice. | |
9 | |
10 Permission is granted to distribute modified versions | |
11 of this document, or of portions of it, | |
12 under the above conditions, provided also that they | |
13 carry prominent notices stating who last changed them, | |
14 and that any new or changed statements about the activities | |
15 of the Free Software Foundation are approved by the Foundation. | |
16 | |
17 | |
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18 ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION FILES |
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19 |
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20 * leim-M.N.tar.gz |
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21 |
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22 The Emacs Lisp code for input methods for various international |
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23 character scripts is distributed in a separate tar file because of its |
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24 large size. This file is called leim-M.N.tar.gz, with the same |
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25 version number as Emacs, and it unpacks into the directory |
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26 emacs-M.N/leim. Thus, if you unpack it in the same directory where |
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27 you unpacked the Emacs distribution, it fills in a subdirectory |
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28 of the Emacs distribution. |
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29 |
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30 If you have already unpacked the Leim tar file into a subdirectory of |
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31 the Emacs sources, building and installing Emacs automatically |
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32 installs the input method support as well. If you unpack the Leim tar |
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33 file into the Emacs sources after building and installing Emacs, just |
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34 build Emacs again and install it again. |
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35 |
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36 * intlfonts-VERSION.tar.gz |
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37 |
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38 The intlfonts distribution contains X11 fonts that Emacs needs in |
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39 order to display international characters. If you see a non-ASCII |
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40 character appear as a hollow box, that means you don't have a font for |
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41 it. You might find a font in the intlfonts distribution. That |
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42 distribution contains its own installation instructions. |
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43 |
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44 |
3199 | 45 BUILDING AND INSTALLATION: |
15209 | 46 |
47 (This is for a Unix or Unix-like system. For MSDOS, see below; search | |
48 for MSDOG. For Windows NT or Windows 95, see the file nt/INSTALL.) | |
3199 | 49 |
50 1) Make sure your system has enough swapping space allocated to handle | |
51 a program whose pure code is 900k bytes and whose data area is at | |
52 least 400k and can reach 8Mb or more. If the swapping space is | |
53 insufficient, you will get an error in the command `temacs -batch -l | |
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54 loadup dump', found in `./src/Makefile.in', or possibly when |
6062 | 55 running the final dumped Emacs. |
3199 | 56 |
12620 | 57 Building Emacs requires about 70 Mb of disk space (including the Emacs |
58 sources). Once installed, Emacs occupies about 35 Mb in the file | |
6062 | 59 system where it is installed; this includes the executable files, Lisp |
60 libraries, miscellaneous data files, and on-line documentation. If | |
61 the building and installation take place in different directories, | |
12620 | 62 then the installation procedure momentarily requires 70+35 Mb. |
3199 | 63 |
64 2) Consult `./etc/MACHINES' to see what configuration name you should | |
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65 give to the `configure' program. That file offers hints for |
3199 | 66 getting around some possible installation problems. |
67 | |
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68 3) You can build Emacs in the top-level Emacs source directory |
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69 or in a separate directory. |
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70 |
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71 3a) To build in the top-level Emacs source directory, go to that |
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72 directory and run the program `configure' as follows: |
3199 | 73 |
74 ./configure CONFIGURATION-NAME [--OPTION[=VALUE]] ... | |
75 | |
76 The CONFIGURATION-NAME argument should be a configuration name given | |
77 in `./etc/MACHINES'. If omitted, `configure' will try to guess your | |
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78 system type; if it cannot, you must find the appropriate configuration |
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79 name in `./etc/MACHINES' and specify it explicitly. |
3199 | 80 |
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81 If you don't want X support, specify `--with-x=no'. If you omit this |
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82 option, `configure' will try to figure out for itself whether your |
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83 system has X, and arrange to use it if present. |
3199 | 84 |
85 The `--x-includes=DIR' and `--x-libraries=DIR' options tell the build | |
86 process where the compiler should look for the include files and | |
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87 object libraries used with the X Window System. Normally, `configure' |
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88 is able to find them; these options are necessary if you have your X |
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89 Window System files installed in unusual places. These options also |
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90 accept a list of directories, separated with colons. |
6062 | 91 |
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92 To get more attractive menus, you can specify an X toolkit when you |
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93 configure Emacs; use the option `--with-x-toolkit=TOOLKIT', where |
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94 TOOLKIT is `athena' or `motif' (`yes' and `lucid' are synonyms for |
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95 `athena'). On some systems, it does not work to use a toolkit with |
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96 shared libraries. |
3199 | 97 |
98 The `--with-gcc' option specifies that the build process should | |
99 compile Emacs using GCC. If you don't want to use GCC, specify | |
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100 `--with-gcc=no'. If you omit this option, `configure' will search |
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101 for GCC in your path, and use it if present. |
3199 | 102 |
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103 If you want the Emacs mail reader RMAIL to read mail from a POP |
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104 server, you must specify `--with-pop'. This provides support for the |
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105 POP3 protocol; older versions are not supported. For |
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106 Kerberos-authenticated POP add `--with-kerberos', for Hesiod support |
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107 add `--with-hesiod'. These options enable Emacs to use POP; whether |
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108 Emacs uses POP is controlled by individual users--see the Rmail |
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109 chapter of the Emacs manual. |
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110 |
3199 | 111 The `--prefix=PREFIXDIR' option specifies where the installation process |
112 should put emacs and its data files. This defaults to `/usr/local'. | |
113 - Emacs (and the other utilities users run) go in PREFIXDIR/bin | |
114 (unless the `--exec-prefix' option says otherwise). | |
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115 - The architecture-independent files go in PREFIXDIR/share/emacs/VERSION |
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116 (where VERSION is the version number of Emacs, like `19.27'). |
3199 | 117 - The architecture-dependent files go in |
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118 PREFIXDIR/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION |
3199 | 119 (where CONFIGURATION is the configuration name, like mips-dec-ultrix4.2), |
120 unless the `--exec-prefix' option says otherwise. | |
121 | |
122 The `--exec-prefix=EXECDIR' option allows you to specify a separate | |
123 portion of the directory tree for installing architecture-specific | |
124 files, like executables and utility programs. If specified, | |
125 - Emacs (and the other utilities users run) go in EXECDIR/bin, and | |
126 - The architecture-dependent files go in | |
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127 EXECDIR/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION. |
3199 | 128 EXECDIR/bin should be a directory that is normally in users' PATHs. |
129 | |
130 For example, the command | |
131 | |
132 ./configure mips-dec-ultrix --with-x11 | |
133 | |
134 configures Emacs to build for a DECstation running Ultrix, with | |
135 support for the X11 window system. | |
136 | |
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137 `configure' doesn't do any compilation or installation |
3199 | 138 itself. It just creates the files that influence those things: |
9499 | 139 `./Makefile', `lib-src/Makefile', `oldXMenu/Makefile', |
140 `lwlib/Makefile', `src/Makefile', and `./src/config.h'. For details | |
141 on exactly what it does, see the section called `CONFIGURATION BY | |
142 HAND', below. | |
3199 | 143 |
144 When it is done, `configure' prints a description of what it did and | |
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145 creates a shell script `config.status' which, when run, recreates the |
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146 same configuration. If `configure' exits with an error after |
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147 disturbing the status quo, it removes `config.status'. `configure' |
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148 also creates a file `config.cache' that saves the results of its tests |
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149 to make reconfiguring faster, and a file `config.log' containing compiler |
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150 output (useful mainly for debugging `configure'). You can give |
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151 `configure' the option `--cache-file=FILE' to use the results of the |
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152 tests in FILE instead of `config.cache'. Set FILE to `/dev/null' to |
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153 disable caching, for debugging `configure'. |
3199 | 154 |
155 The work of `configure' can be done by editing various files in the | |
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156 distribution, but using `configure' is easier. See the section called |
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157 "CONFIGURATION BY HAND" below if you want to do the configuration |
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158 yourself. |
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159 |
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160 3b) To build in a separate directory, go to that directory |
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161 and run the program `configure' as follows: |
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162 |
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163 SOURCE-DIR/configure CONFIGURATION-NAME [--OPTION[=VALUE]] ... |
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164 |
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165 SOURCE-DIR refers to the top-level Emacs source directory which is |
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166 where Emacs's configure script is located. `configure' looks for the |
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167 Emacs source code in the directory that `configure' is in. |
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168 |
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169 To build in a separate directory, you must use a version of `make' |
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170 that supports the `VPATH' variable, such as GNU `make'. |
3199 | 171 |
172 4) Look at `./lisp/paths.el'; if some of those values are not right | |
11905 | 173 for your system, set up the file `./lisp/site-init.el' with Emacs |
174 Lisp code to override them; it is not a good idea to edit paths.el | |
3199 | 175 itself. YOU MUST USE THE LISP FUNCTION `setq' TO ASSIGN VALUES, |
176 rather than `defvar', as used by `./lisp/paths.el'. For example, | |
177 | |
178 (setq news-inews-program "/usr/bin/inews") | |
179 | |
180 is how you would override the default value of the variable | |
181 news-inews-program (which is "/usr/local/inews"). | |
182 | |
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183 Before you override a variable this way, *look at the value* that the |
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184 variable gets by default! Make sure you know what kind of value the |
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185 variable should have. If you don't pay attention to what you are |
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186 doing, you'll make a mistake. |
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187 |
6062 | 188 5) Put into `./lisp/site-init.el' or `./lisp/site-load.el' any Emacs |
189 Lisp code you want Emacs to load before it is dumped out. Use | |
190 site-load.el for additional libraries if you arrange for their | |
191 documentation strings to be in the etc/DOC file (see | |
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192 src/Makefile.in if you wish to figure out how to do that). For all |
7627 | 193 else, use site-init.el. |
3199 | 194 |
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195 If you set load-path to a different value in site-init.el or |
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196 site-load.el, Emacs will use *precisely* that value when it starts up |
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197 again. If you do this, you are on your own! |
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198 |
3199 | 199 Note that, on some systems, the code you place in site-init.el must |
200 not use expand-file-name or any other function which may look | |
201 something up in the system's password and user information database. | |
202 See `./PROBLEMS' for more details on which systems this affects. | |
203 | |
7627 | 204 The `site-*.el' files are nonexistent in the distribution. You do not |
205 need to create them if you have nothing to put in them. | |
3199 | 206 |
207 6) Refer to the file `./etc/TERMS' for information on fields you may | |
208 wish to add to various termcap entries. The files `./etc/termcap.ucb' | |
209 and `./etc/termcap.dat' may already contain appropriately-modified | |
210 entries. | |
211 | |
212 7) Run `make' in the top directory of the Emacs distribution to finish | |
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213 building Emacs in the standard way. The final executable file is |
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214 named `src/emacs'. You can execute this file "in place" without |
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215 copying it, if you wish; then it automatically uses the sibling |
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216 directories ../lisp, ../lib-src, ../info. |
3199 | 217 |
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218 Or you can "install" the executable and the other Emacs into their |
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219 installed locations, with `make install'. By default, Emacs's files |
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220 are installed in the following directories: |
3199 | 221 |
222 `/usr/local/bin' holds the executable programs users normally run - | |
7864 | 223 `emacs', `etags', `ctags', `b2m', `emacsclient', |
224 and `rcs-checkin'. | |
3199 | 225 |
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226 `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/lisp' holds the Emacs Lisp library; |
3199 | 227 `VERSION' stands for the number of the Emacs version |
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228 you are installing, like `18.59' or `19.27'. Since the |
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229 Lisp library changes from one version of Emacs to |
3199 | 230 another, including the version number in the path |
231 allows you to have several versions of Emacs installed | |
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232 at the same time; in particular, you don't have to |
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233 make Emacs unavailable while installing a new version. |
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234 |
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235 `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp' holds the local Emacs Lisp |
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236 files installed for Emacs version VERSION only. |
3199 | 237 |
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238 `/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp' holds the local Emacs Lisp |
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239 files installed for all Emacs versions. |
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240 |
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241 When Emacs is installed, it searches for its Lisp files |
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242 in `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp', then in |
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243 `/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp', and finally in |
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244 `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/lisp'. |
3199 | 245 |
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246 `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/etc' holds the Emacs tutorial, the DOC |
3199 | 247 file, the `yow' database, and other |
248 architecture-independent files Emacs might need while | |
249 running. VERSION is as specified for `.../lisp'. | |
250 | |
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251 `/usr/local/com/emacs/lock' contains files indicating who is editing |
3199 | 252 what, so Emacs can detect editing clashes between |
253 users. | |
254 | |
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255 `/usr/local/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME' contains executable |
3199 | 256 programs used by Emacs that users are not expected to |
257 run themselves. | |
258 `VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are | |
259 installing, and `CONFIGURATION-NAME' is the argument | |
260 you gave to the `configure' program to identify the | |
261 architecture and operating system of your machine, | |
262 like `mips-dec-ultrix' or `sparc-sun-sunos'. Since | |
263 these files are specific to the version of Emacs, | |
264 operating system, and architecture in use, including | |
265 the configuration name in the path allows you to have | |
266 several versions of Emacs for any mix of machines and | |
267 operating systems installed at the same time; this is | |
268 useful for sites at which different kinds of machines | |
269 share the file system Emacs is installed on. | |
270 | |
271 `/usr/local/info' holds the on-line documentation for Emacs, known as | |
272 "info files". Many other GNU programs are documented | |
273 using info files as well, so this directory stands | |
274 apart from the other, Emacs-specific directories. | |
275 | |
276 `/usr/local/man/man1' holds the man pages for the programs installed | |
277 in `/usr/local/bin'. | |
278 | |
279 If these directories are not what you want, you can specify where to | |
280 install Emacs's libraries and data files or where Emacs should search | |
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281 for its Lisp files by giving values for `make' variables as part of |
3199 | 282 the command. See the section below called `MAKE VARIABLES' for more |
283 information on this. | |
284 | |
285 8) Check the file `dir' in your site's info directory (usually | |
286 /usr/local/info) to make sure that it has a menu entry for the Emacs | |
287 info files. | |
288 | |
6062 | 289 9) If your system uses lock files to interlock access to mailer inbox files, |
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290 then you might need to make the movemail program setuid or setgid |
6062 | 291 to enable it to write the lock files. We believe this is safe. |
292 | |
12620 | 293 10) You are done! You can remove executables and object files from |
294 the build directory by typing `make clean'. To also remove the files | |
295 that `configure' created (so you can compile Emacs for a different | |
296 configuration), type `make distclean'. | |
297 | |
3199 | 298 |
299 | |
300 MAKE VARIABLES | |
301 | |
302 You can change where the build process installs Emacs and its data | |
303 files by specifying values for `make' variables as part of the `make' | |
304 command line. For example, if you type | |
305 | |
306 make install bindir=/usr/local/gnubin | |
307 | |
308 the `bindir=/usr/local/gnubin' argument indicates that the Emacs | |
309 executable files should go in `/usr/local/gnubin', not | |
310 `/usr/local/bin'. | |
311 | |
312 Here is a complete list of the variables you may want to set. | |
313 | |
314 `bindir' indicates where to put executable programs that users can | |
315 run. This defaults to /usr/local/bin. | |
316 | |
317 `datadir' indicates where to put the architecture-independent | |
318 read-only data files that Emacs refers to while it runs; it | |
9499 | 319 defaults to /usr/local/share. We create the following |
3199 | 320 subdirectories under `datadir': |
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321 - `emacs/VERSION/lisp', containing the Emacs Lisp library, and |
3199 | 322 - `emacs/VERSION/etc', containing the Emacs tutorial, the DOC |
323 file, and the `yow' database. | |
324 `VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are installing, | |
325 like `18.59' or `19.0'. Since these files vary from one version | |
326 of Emacs to another, including the version number in the path | |
327 allows you to have several versions of Emacs installed at the | |
328 same time; this means that you don't have to make Emacs | |
329 unavailable while installing a new version. | |
330 | |
9499 | 331 `sharedstatedir' indicates where to put architecture-independent data files |
3199 | 332 that Emacs modifies while it runs; it defaults to |
9499 | 333 /usr/local/com. We create the following |
334 subdirectories under `sharedstatedir': | |
3199 | 335 - `emacs/lock', containing files indicating who is editing |
336 what, so Emacs can detect editing clashes between | |
337 users. | |
338 | |
9499 | 339 `libexecdir' indicates where to put architecture-specific data files that |
340 Emacs refers to as it runs; it defaults to `/usr/local/libexec'. | |
341 We create the following subdirectories under `libexecdir': | |
3199 | 342 - `emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME', containing executable |
343 programs used by Emacs that users are not expected to run | |
344 themselves. | |
345 `VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are installing, | |
346 and `CONFIGURATION-NAME' is the argument you gave to the | |
347 `configure' program to identify the architecture and operating | |
348 system of your machine, like `mips-dec-ultrix' or | |
349 `sparc-sun-sunos'. Since these files are specific to the version | |
350 of Emacs, operating system, and architecture in use, including | |
351 the configuration name in the path allows you to have several | |
352 versions of Emacs for any mix of machines and operating systems | |
353 installed at the same time; this is useful for sites at which | |
354 different kinds of machines share the file system Emacs is | |
355 installed on. | |
356 | |
357 `infodir' indicates where to put the info files distributed with | |
358 Emacs; it defaults to `/usr/local/info'. | |
359 | |
360 `mandir' indicates where to put the man pages for Emacs and its | |
361 utilities (like `etags'); it defaults to | |
362 `/usr/local/man/man1'. | |
363 | |
364 `manext' gives the extension the man pages should be installed with. | |
365 It should contain a period, followed by the appropriate | |
366 digit. It defaults to `.1'. For example given the default | |
367 values for `mandir' and `manext', the Emacs man page would be | |
368 installed as `/usr/local/man/man1/emacs.1'. | |
369 | |
370 `prefix' doesn't give a path for any specific part of Emacs; instead, | |
371 its value is used to determine the defaults for all the | |
372 architecture-independent path variables - `datadir', | |
9499 | 373 `sharedstatedir', `infodir', and `mandir'. Its default value is |
3199 | 374 `/usr/local'; the other variables add on `lib' or `man' to it |
375 by default. | |
376 | |
377 For example, suppose your site generally places GNU software | |
378 under `/usr/users/software/gnusoft' instead of `/usr/local'. | |
379 By including | |
380 `prefix=/usr/users/software/gnusoft' | |
381 in the arguments to `make', you can instruct the build process | |
382 to place all of the Emacs data files in the appropriate | |
383 directories under that path. | |
384 | |
385 `exec_prefix' serves the same purpose as `prefix', but instead | |
386 determines the default values for the architecture-dependent | |
9499 | 387 path variables - `bindir' and `libexecdir'. |
3199 | 388 |
389 The above variables serve analogous purposes in the makefiles for all | |
390 GNU software; here are some variables specific to Emacs. | |
391 | |
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392 `lispdir' indicates where Emacs installs and expects its Lisp library. |
12620 | 393 Its default value, based on `datadir' (see above), is |
394 `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/lisp' (where `VERSION' is as | |
3199 | 395 described above). |
396 | |
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397 `locallisppath' indicates where Emacs should search for Lisp files |
3199 | 398 specific to your site. It should be a colon-separated list of |
399 directories; Emacs checks them in order before checking | |
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400 `lispdir'. Its default value, based on `datadir' (see above), is |
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401 `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp:/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp'. |
3199 | 402 |
403 `lisppath' is the complete list of directories Emacs should search for | |
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404 its Lisp files; its default value is the concatenation of |
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405 `locallisppath' and `lispdir'. It should be a colon-separated |
3199 | 406 list of directories; Emacs checks them in the order they |
407 appear. | |
408 | |
409 `etcdir' indicates where Emacs should install and expect the rest of | |
410 its architecture-independent data, like the tutorial, DOC | |
411 file, and yow database. Its default value, based on `datadir' | |
12620 | 412 (which see), is `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/etc'. |
3199 | 413 |
414 `lockdir' indicates the directory where Emacs keeps track of its | |
12620 | 415 locking information. Its default value, based on |
416 `sharedstatedir' (which see), is `/usr/local/com/emacs/lock'. | |
3199 | 417 |
12620 | 418 `archlibdir' indicates where Emacs installs and expects the executable |
419 files and other architecture-dependent data it uses while | |
420 running. Its default value, based on `libexecdir' (which | |
421 see), is `/usr/local/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME' | |
3199 | 422 (where VERSION and CONFIGURATION-NAME are as described above). |
423 | |
424 Remember that you must specify any variable values you need each time | |
425 you run `make' in the top directory. If you run `make' once to build | |
426 emacs, test it, and then run `make' again to install the files, you | |
427 must provide the same variable settings each time. To make the | |
428 settings persist, you can edit them into the `Makefile' in the top | |
429 directory, but be aware that running the `configure' program erases | |
430 `Makefile' and rebuilds it from `Makefile.in'. | |
431 | |
432 The top-level Makefile stores the variable settings it used in the | |
433 Makefiles for the subdirectories, so you don't have to specify them | |
434 when running make in the subdirectories. | |
435 | |
436 | |
437 CONFIGURATION BY HAND | |
438 | |
7864 | 439 Instead of running the `configure' program, you have to perform the |
440 following steps. | |
3199 | 441 |
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442 1) Copy `./src/config.in' to `./src/config.h'. |
3199 | 443 |
444 2) Consult `./etc/MACHINES' to see what configuration name you should | |
445 use for your system. Look at the code of the `configure' script to | |
446 see which operating system and architecture description files from | |
447 `src/s' and `src/m' should be used for that configuration name. Edit | |
448 `src/config.h', and change the two `#include' directives to include | |
449 the appropriate system and architecture description files. | |
450 | |
451 2) Edit `./src/config.h' to set the right options for your system. If | |
452 you need to override any of the definitions in the s/*.h and m/*.h | |
453 files for your system and machine, do so by editing config.h, not by | |
454 changing the s/*.h and m/*.h files. Occasionally you may need to | |
455 redefine parameters used in `./lib-src/movemail.c'. | |
456 | |
7864 | 457 3) Create src/Makefile and lib-src/Makefile from the corresponding |
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458 `Makefile.in' files. First copy `Makefile.in' to `Makefile.c', |
14020 | 459 then edit in appropriate substitutions for the @...@ constructs, |
7864 | 460 and then copy the shell commands near the end of `configure' |
461 that run cpp to construct `Makefile'. | |
3199 | 462 |
7864 | 463 4) Create `Makefile' files in various other directories |
464 from the corresponding `Makefile.in' files. This isn't so hard, | |
465 just a matter of substitution. | |
3199 | 466 |
467 The `configure' script is built from `configure.in' by the `autoconf' | |
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468 program. You need version 2.0 or newer of `autoconf' to rebuild `configure'. |
3199 | 469 |
470 BUILDING GNU EMACS BY HAND | |
471 | |
9507 | 472 Once Emacs is configured, running `make' in the top directory performs |
473 the following steps. | |
3199 | 474 |
475 1) Run `make src/paths.h' in the top directory. This produces | |
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476 `./src/paths.h' from the template file `./src/paths.in', changing |
3199 | 477 the paths to the values specified in `./Makefile'. |
478 | |
7864 | 479 2) Go to directory `./lib-src' and run `make'. This creates |
480 executables named `ctags' and `etags' and `wakeup' and `make-docfile' | |
481 and `digest-doc' and `test-distrib'. And others. | |
3199 | 482 |
7864 | 483 3) Go to directory `./src' and Run `make'. This refers to files in |
484 the `./lisp' and `./lib-src' subdirectories using names `../lisp' and | |
3199 | 485 `../lib-src'. |
486 | |
487 This creates a file `./src/emacs' which is the runnable Emacs, | |
7864 | 488 which has another name that contains a version number. |
489 Each time you do this, that version number increments in the last place. | |
3199 | 490 |
491 It also creates a file in `./etc' whose name is `DOC' followed by the | |
492 current Emacs version. This file contains documentation strings for | |
493 all the functions in Emacs. Each time you run make to make a new | |
494 emacs, a new DOC file with a new name is made. You must keep the DOC | |
495 file for an Emacs version as long as you keep using that Emacs | |
496 version. | |
497 | |
498 | |
499 INSTALLATION BY HAND | |
500 | |
9507 | 501 The steps below are done by running `make install' in the main |
502 directory of the Emacs distribution. | |
3199 | 503 |
504 1) Copy `./lisp' and its subdirectories, `./etc', and the executables | |
505 in `./lib-src' to their final destinations, as selected in `./src/paths.h'. | |
506 | |
507 Strictly speaking, not all of the executables in `./lib-src' need be copied. | |
7627 | 508 - The programs `cvtmail', `emacsserver', `fakemail', `hexl', |
7864 | 509 `movemail', `profile', `rcs2log', `timer', `vcdiff', `wakeup', |
510 and `yow' are used by Emacs; they do need to be copied. | |
511 - The programs `etags', `ctags', `emacsclient', `b2m', and `rcs-checkin' | |
3199 | 512 are intended to be run by users; they are handled below. |
9498 | 513 - The programs `make-docfile' and `test-distrib' were |
3199 | 514 used in building Emacs, and are not needed any more. |
515 - The programs `digest-doc' and `sorted-doc' convert a `DOC' file into | |
516 a file for users to read. There is no important reason to move them. | |
517 | |
518 2) Copy the files in `./info' to the place specified in | |
519 `./lisp/site-init.el' or `./lisp/paths.el'. Note that if the | |
520 destination directory already contains a file named `dir', you | |
521 probably don't want to replace it with the `dir' file in the Emacs | |
522 distribution. Instead, you should make sure that the existing `dir' | |
523 file contains an appropriate menu entry for the Emacs info. | |
524 | |
525 3) Create a directory for Emacs to use for clash detection, named as | |
526 indicated by the PATH_LOCK macro in `./src/paths.h'. | |
527 | |
528 4) Copy `./src/emacs' to `/usr/local/bin', or to some other directory | |
529 in users' search paths. `./src/emacs' has an alternate name | |
530 `./src/emacs-EMACSVERSION'; you may wish to make a symbolic link named | |
531 `/usr/local/bin/emacs' pointing to that alternate name, as an easy way | |
532 of installing different versions. | |
533 | |
534 You can delete `./src/temacs'. | |
535 | |
536 5) Copy the programs `b2m', `emacsclient', `ctags', `etags', and | |
7864 | 537 `rcs-checkin' from `./lib-src' to `/usr/local/bin'. These programs are |
3199 | 538 intended for users to run. |
539 | |
540 6) Copy the man pages in `./etc' for emacs, ctags, and etags into the | |
541 appropriate man directories. | |
542 | |
543 7) The files in the `./src' subdirectory, except for `emacs', are not | |
7864 | 544 used by Emacs once it is built. However, it is very desirable to keep |
545 the source on line for debugging. | |
3199 | 546 |
547 | |
548 PROBLEMS | |
549 | |
550 See the file PROBLEMS in this directory for a list of various | |
551 problems sometimes encountered, and what to do about them. | |
552 | |
553 | |
6062 | 554 Installation on MSDOG (a.k.a. MSDOS) |
555 | |
7627 | 556 To install on MSDOG, you need to have the GNU C compiler for MSDOG |
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557 (also known as djgpp), GNU Make, rm, mv, and sed. See the remarks in |
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558 config.bat for more information about locations and versions. The |
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559 file etc/FAQ includes pointers to Internet sites where you can find |
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560 the necessary utilities; search for "MS-DOS". The configuration step |
66a9ef0892a2
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561 (see below) will test for these utilities and will refuse to continue |
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562 if any of them isn't found. |
6062 | 563 |
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564 If you are building the MSDOG version of Emacs on an MSDOG-like system |
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565 which supports long file names (e.g. Windows 95), you need to make |
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566 sure that long file names are handled consistently both when you |
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567 unpack the distribution and compile it. If you intend to compile with |
66a9ef0892a2
Explain about MSDOS installation and long file name support.
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568 DJGPP v2.0 or later, and long file names support is enabled (LFN=y in |
66a9ef0892a2
Explain about MSDOS installation and long file name support.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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569 the environment), you need to unpack Emacs distribution in a way that |
66a9ef0892a2
Explain about MSDOS installation and long file name support.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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570 doesn't truncate the original long filenames to the DOS 8.3 namespace; |
66a9ef0892a2
Explain about MSDOS installation and long file name support.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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571 the easiest way to do this is to use djtar program which comes with |
66a9ef0892a2
Explain about MSDOS installation and long file name support.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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572 DJGPP, since it will note the LFN setting and behave accordingly. |
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Explain about MSDOS installation and long file name support.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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573 DJGPP v1 doesn't support long filenames, so you must unpack Emacs with |
66a9ef0892a2
Explain about MSDOS installation and long file name support.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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574 a program that truncates the filenames to 8.3 naming as it extracts |
66a9ef0892a2
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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575 files; again, using djtar after setting LFN=n is the recommended way. |
66a9ef0892a2
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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576 You can build Emacs with LFN=n even if you use DJGPP v2, if some of |
66a9ef0892a2
Explain about MSDOS installation and long file name support.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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577 your tools don't support long file names: just ensure that LFN is set |
66a9ef0892a2
Explain about MSDOS installation and long file name support.
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parents:
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578 to `n' during both unpacking and compiling. |
15017 | 579 |
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580 (By the time you read this, you have already unpacked the Emacs |
66a9ef0892a2
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581 distribution, but if the explanations above imply that you should have |
66a9ef0892a2
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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582 done it differently, it's safer to delete the directory tree created |
66a9ef0892a2
Explain about MSDOS installation and long file name support.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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583 by the unpacking program and unpack Emacs again, than to risk running |
66a9ef0892a2
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584 into problems during the build process.) |
66a9ef0892a2
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
585 |
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parents:
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changeset
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586 It is important to understand that the runtime support of long file |
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parents:
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587 names by the Emacs binary is NOT affected by the LFN setting during |
66a9ef0892a2
Explain about MSDOS installation and long file name support.
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588 compilation; Emacs compiled with DJGPP v2.0 or later will always |
66a9ef0892a2
Explain about MSDOS installation and long file name support.
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589 support long file names on Windows 95 no matter what was the setting |
15733
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590 of LFN at compile time. However, if you compiled with LFN disabled |
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Clarify info about long filenames on MSDOS-like systems.
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
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591 and want to enable LFN support after Emacs was already built, you need |
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Clarify info about long filenames on MSDOS-like systems.
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592 to make sure that the support files in the lisp, etc and info |
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Clarify info about long filenames on MSDOS-like systems.
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593 directories are called by their original long names as found in the |
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Clarify info about long filenames on MSDOS-like systems.
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents:
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594 distribution. You can do this either by renaming the files manually, |
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595 or by extracting them from the original distribution archive with |
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Clarify info about long filenames on MSDOS-like systems.
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596 djtar after you set LFN=y in the environment. |
15017 | 597 |
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parents:
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598 To unpack Emacs with djtar, type this command: |
66a9ef0892a2
Explain about MSDOS installation and long file name support.
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parents:
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|
599 |
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Explain about MSDOS installation and long file name support.
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600 djtar -x emacs.tgz |
12339
3398b88cbd25
Update MSDOS needs list.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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601 |
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parents:
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changeset
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602 (This assumes that the Emacs distribution is called `emacs.tgz' on |
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Explain about MSDOS installation and long file name support.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
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603 your system.) There are a few files in the archive whose names |
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e3d77845180c
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604 collide with other files under the 8.3 DOS naming. On native MSDOS, |
15828 | 605 or if you have set LFN=n on Windows 95, djtar will ask you to supply |
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606 alternate names for these files; you can just press `Enter' when this |
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Clarify info about long filenames on MSDOS-like systems.
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607 happens (which makes djtar skip these files) because they aren't |
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Clarify info about long filenames on MSDOS-like systems.
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608 required for MS-DOS. |
12343 | 609 |
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610 When unpacking is done, a directory called `emacs-XX.YY' will be |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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611 created, where XX.YY is the Emacs version. To build and install |
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612 Emacs, chdir to that directory and type these commands: |
12339
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613 |
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614 config msdos |
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615 make install |
6062 | 616 |
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617 Building Emacs creates executable files in the src and lib-src |
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618 directories. Installing Emacs on MSDOS moves these executables to a |
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619 sibling directory called bin. For example, if you build in directory |
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620 /emacs, installing moves the executables from /emacs/src and |
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621 /emacs/lib-src to the directory /emacs/bin, so you can then delete the |
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622 subdirectories /emacs/src and /emacs/lib-src if you wish. The only |
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623 subdirectories you need to keep are bin, lisp, etc and info. The bin |
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624 subdirectory should be added to your PATH. The msdos subdirectory |
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625 includes a PIF and an icon file for Emacs which you might find useful |
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626 if you run Emacs under MS Windows. |
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627 |
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628 Emacs on MSDOS finds the lisp, etc and info directories by looking in |
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629 ../lisp, ../etc and ../info, starting from the directory where the |
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630 Emacs executable was run from. You can override this by setting the |
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631 environment variable HOME; if you do that, the directories lisp, etc |
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632 and info are accessed as subdirectories of the HOME directory. |
6062 | 633 |
7627 | 634 MSDOG is a not a multitasking operating system, so Emacs features such |
635 as asynchronous subprocesses that depend on multitasking will not | |
636 work. Synchronous subprocesses do work. | |
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637 |
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638 Version 2.0 of djgpp has two bugs that affect Emacs. We've included |
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639 corrected versions of two files from djgpp in the msdos subdirectory: |
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640 is_exec.c and sigaction.c. To work around the bugs, compile these |
310fd977a344
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641 files and link them into temacs. Djgpp version 2.01 have these bugs |
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642 fixed, so upgrade if you can before building Emacs. |