Mercurial > emacs
annotate nt/INSTALL @ 73597:4d65d5858190
* emacs-lisp-intro.texi: Remove version reference for X colors.
Document `='. Remove mention that :eval was new in 21. Updated
instance's edition-number to 3.01.
author | Robert J. Chassell <bob@rattlesnake.com> |
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date | Tue, 31 Oct 2006 18:07:16 +0000 |
parents | f4d7960fe496 |
children | e50355d072ce 8dd8c8286063 |
rev | line source |
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25856 | 1 Building and Installing Emacs |
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2 on Windows NT/2K/XP and Windows 95/98/ME |
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4 Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 |
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5 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
37710 | 6 See the end of the file for copying permissions. |
7 | |
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8 * For the impatient |
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9 |
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10 Here are the concise instructions for configuring and building the |
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11 native Win32 binary of Emacs on Windows, for those who want to skip |
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12 the complex explanations and ``just do it'': |
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13 |
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14 1. Change to the `nt' directory (the directory of this file): |
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15 |
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16 cd nt |
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17 |
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18 2. Run configure.bat. From the COMMAND.COM/CMD.EXE command prompt: |
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19 |
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20 configure |
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21 |
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22 from a Unixy shell prompt: |
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23 |
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24 cmd /c configure.bat |
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25 or |
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26 command.com /c configure.bat |
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27 |
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28 3. Run the Make utility suitable for your environment. If you build |
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29 with the Microsoft's Visual C compiler: |
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30 |
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31 nmake |
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32 |
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33 For the development environments based on GNU GCC (MinGW, MSYS, |
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34 Cygwin - but see notes about Cygwin make below), depending on how |
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35 Make is called, it could be: |
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36 |
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37 make |
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38 or |
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39 mingw32-make |
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40 or |
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41 gnumake |
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42 or |
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43 gmake |
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44 |
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45 (If you are building from CVS, say "make bootstrap" or "nmake |
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46 bootstrap" instead and avoid using Cygwin make.) |
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47 |
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48 4. Generate the Info manuals (only if you are building out of CVS, and |
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49 if you have makeinfo.exe installed): |
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50 |
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51 make info |
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52 |
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53 (change "make" to "nmake" if you use MSVC). |
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54 |
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55 5. Install the produced binaries: |
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56 |
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57 make install |
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58 |
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59 That's it! |
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60 |
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61 If these short instructions somehow fail, read the rest of this |
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62 file. |
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63 |
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64 * Preliminaries |
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65 |
39152 | 66 If you used WinZip to unpack the distribution, we suggest to |
67 remove the files and unpack again with a different program! | |
68 WinZip is known to create some subtle and hard to debug problems, | |
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69 such as converting files to DOS CR-LF format, not creating empty |
39152 | 70 directories, etc. We suggest to use djtarnt.exe from the GNU FTP |
71 site. | |
72 | |
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73 If you are building out of CVS, then some files in this directory |
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74 (.bat files, nmake.defs and makefile.w32-in) may need the line-ends |
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75 fixing first. The easiest way to do this and avoid future conflicts |
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76 is to run the following command in this (emacs/nt) directory: |
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77 |
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78 cvs update -kb |
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79 |
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80 Alternatively, use programs that convert end-of-line format, such as |
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81 dos2unix and unix2dos available from GnuWin32 or dtou and utod from |
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82 the DJGPP project. |
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83 |
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84 In addition to this file, you should also read INSTALL.CVS in the |
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85 parent directory, and make sure that you have a version of |
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86 "touch.exe" in your path, and that it will create files that do not |
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87 yet exist. |
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88 |
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89 * Supported development environments |
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90 |
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91 To compile Emacs, you will need either Microsoft Visual C++ 2.0 or |
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92 later and nmake, or a Windows port of GCC 2.95 or later with MinGW |
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93 and W32 API support and a port of GNU Make. You can use the Cygwin |
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94 ports of GCC, but Emacs requires the MinGW headers and libraries to |
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95 build (latest versions of the Cygwin toolkit, at least since v1.3.3, |
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96 include the MinGW headers and libraries as an integral part). |
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97 |
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98 The rest of this file assumes you have a working development |
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99 environment. If you just installed such an environment, try |
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100 building a trivial C "Hello world" program, and see if it works. If |
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101 it doesn't work, resolve that problem first! |
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102 |
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103 If you use the MinGW port of GCC and GNU Make to build Emacs, there |
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104 are some compatibility issues wrt Make and the shell that is run by |
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105 Make, either the standard COMMAND.COM/CMD.EXE supplied with Windows |
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106 or sh.exe., a port of a Unixy shell. For reference, below is a list |
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107 of which builds of GNU Make are known to work or not, and whether |
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108 they work in the presence and/or absence of sh.exe, the Cygwin port |
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109 of Bash. Note that any version of Make that is compiled with Cygwin |
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110 will only work with Cygwin tools, due to the use of cygwin style |
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111 paths. This means Cygwin Make is unsuitable for building parts of |
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112 Emacs that need to invoke Emacs itself (leim and "make bootstrap", |
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113 for example). Also see the Trouble-shooting section below if you |
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114 decide to go ahead and use Cygwin make. |
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115 |
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116 In addition, using 4NT as your shell is known to fail the build process, |
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117 at least for 4NT version 3.01. Use CMD.EXE, the default Windows shell, |
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118 instead. MSYS sh.exe also appears to cause various problems. If you have |
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119 MSYS installed, try "make SHELL=cmd.exe" to force the use of cmd.exe |
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120 instead of sh.exe. |
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121 |
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122 sh exists no sh |
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123 |
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124 cygwin b20.1 make (3.75): fails[1, 5] fails[2, 5] |
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125 MSVC compiled gmake 3.77: okay okay |
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126 MSVC compiled gmake 3.78.1: okay okay |
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127 MSVC compiled gmake 3.79.1: okay okay |
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128 mingw32/gcc-2.92.2 make (3.77): okay okay[4] |
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129 cygwin compiled gmake 3.77: fails[1, 5] fails[2, 5] |
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130 cygwin compiled make 3.78.1: fails[5] fails[2, 5] |
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131 cygwin compiled make 3.79.1: fails[3, 5] fails[2?, 5] |
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132 cygwin compiled make 3.80: fails?[6] fails?[6] |
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133 cygwin compiled make 3.81: fails fails?[6] |
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134 mingw32 compiled make 3.79.1: okay okay |
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135 mingw32 compiled make 3.80: okay unknown[6] |
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136 mingw32 compiled make 3.81: okay okay[7] |
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137 |
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138 Notes: |
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139 |
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140 [1] doesn't cope with makefiles with DOS line endings, so must mount |
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141 emacs source with text!=binary. |
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142 [2] fails when needs to invoke shell commands; okay invoking gcc etc. |
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143 [3] requires LC_MESSAGES support to build; cannot build with early |
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144 versions of cygwin. |
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145 [4] may fail on Windows 9X and Windows ME; if so, install Bash. |
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146 [5] fails when building leim due to the use of cygwin style paths. |
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147 May work if building emacs without leim. |
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148 [6] please report if you try this combination. |
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149 [7] tested only on Windows XP. |
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150 |
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151 Other compilers may work, but specific reports from people that have |
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152 tried suggest that the Intel C compiler (for example) may produce an |
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153 Emacs executable with strange filename completion behaviour. Unless |
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154 you would like to assist by finding and fixing the cause of any bugs |
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155 like this, we recommend the use of the supported compilers mentioned |
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156 in the previous paragraph. |
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157 |
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158 You will also need a copy of the Posix cp, rm and mv programs. These |
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159 and other useful Posix utilities can be obtained from one of several |
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160 projects: |
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161 |
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162 * http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/ ( GnuWin32 ) |
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163 * http://www.mingw.org/ ( MinGW ) |
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165 * http://unxutils.sourceforge.net/ ( UnxUtils ) |
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166 |
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167 If you build Emacs on Windows 9X or ME, not on Windows 2K/XP or |
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168 Windows NT, we suggest to install the Cygwin port of Bash. That is |
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169 because the native Windows shell COMMAND.COM is too limited; the |
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170 Emacs build procedure tries very hard to support even such limited |
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171 shells, but as none of the Windows developers of Emacs work on |
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172 Windows 9x, we cannot guarantee that it works without a more |
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173 powerful shell. |
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174 |
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175 Additional instructions and help for building Emacs on Windows can be |
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176 found at the Emacs Wiki: |
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177 |
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178 http://www.emacswiki.org/cgi-bin/wiki/WThirtyTwoInstallationKit |
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180 and at this URL: |
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181 |
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182 http://ourcomments.org/Emacs/w32-build-emacs.html |
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183 |
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184 * Configuring |
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186 Configuration of Emacs is now handled by running configure.bat in the |
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187 `nt' subdirectory. It will detect which compiler you have available, |
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188 and generate makefiles accordingly. You can override the compiler |
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189 detection, and control optimization and debug settings, by specifying |
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190 options on the command line when invoking configure. |
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192 To configure Emacs to build with GCC or MSVC, whichever is available, |
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193 simply change to the `nt' subdirectory and run `configure.bat' with no |
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194 options. To see what options are available, run `configure --help'. |
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196 N.B. It is normal to see a few error messages output while configure |
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197 is running, when gcc support is being tested. These cannot be |
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198 surpressed because of limitations in the Windows 9x command.com shell. |
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199 |
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200 You are encouraged to look at the file config.log which shows details |
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201 for failed tests, after configure.bat finishes. Any unexplained failure |
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202 should be investigated and perhaps reported as a bug (see the section |
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203 about reporting bugs in the file README in this directory and in the |
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204 Emacs manual). |
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205 |
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206 * Optional image library support |
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207 |
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208 In addition to its "native" image formats (pbm and xbm), Emacs can |
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209 handle other image types: xpm, tiff, gif, png and jpeg (postscript is |
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210 currently unsupported on Windows). To build Emacs with support for |
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211 them, the corresponding headers must be in the include path when the |
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212 configure script is run. This can be setup using environment |
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213 variables, or by specifying --cflags -I... options on the command-line |
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214 to configure.bat. The configure script will report whether it was |
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215 able to detect the headers. If the results of this testing appear to be |
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216 incorrect, please look for details in the file config.log: it will show |
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217 the failed test programs and compiler error messages that should explain |
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218 what is wrong. (Usually, any such failures happen because some headers |
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219 are missing due to bad packaging of the image support libraries.) |
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220 |
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221 To use the external image support, the DLLs implementing the |
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222 functionality must be found when Emacs first needs them, either on the |
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223 PATH, or in the same directory as emacs.exe. Failure to find a |
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224 library is not an error; the associated image format will simply be |
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225 unavailable. Note that once Emacs has determined that a library can |
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226 not be found, there's no way to force it to try again, other than |
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227 restarting. See the variable `image-library-alist' to configure the |
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228 expected names of the libraries. |
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229 |
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230 Some image libraries have dependencies on one another, or on zlib. |
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231 For example, tiff support depends on the jpeg library. If you did not |
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232 compile the libraries yourself, you must make sure that any dependency |
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233 is in the PATH or otherwise accesible and that the binaries are |
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234 compatible (for example, that they were built with the same compiler). |
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235 |
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236 Binaries for the image libraries (among many others) can be found at |
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237 the GnuWin32 project. These are built with MinGW, but they can be |
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238 used with both GCC/MinGW and MSVC builds of Emacs. See the info on |
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239 http://ourcomments.org/Emacs/EmacsW32.html for more details about |
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240 installing image support libraries. |
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241 |
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242 * Building |
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244 After running configure, simply run the appropriate `make' program for |
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245 your compiler to build Emacs. For MSVC, this is nmake; for GCC, it is |
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246 GNU make. (If you are building out of CVS, say "make bootstrap" or |
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247 "nmake bootstrap" instead.) |
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249 As the files are compiled, you will see some warning messages |
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250 declaring that some functions don't return a value, or that some data |
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251 conversions will be lossy, etc. You can safely ignore these messages. |
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252 The warnings may be fixed in the main FSF source at some point, but |
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253 until then we will just live with them. |
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255 If you are building from CVS, the following commands will produce |
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256 the Info manuals (which are not part of the CVS repository): |
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257 |
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258 make info |
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259 or |
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260 nmake info |
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261 |
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262 Note that you will need makeinfo.exe (from the GNU Texinfo package) |
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263 in order for this command to succeed. |
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264 |
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265 * Installing |
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267 To install Emacs after it has compiled, simply run `nmake install' |
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268 or `make install', depending on which version of the Make utility |
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269 do you have. |
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271 By default, Emacs will be installed in the location where it was |
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272 built, but a different location can be specified either using the |
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273 --prefix option to configure, or by setting INSTALL_DIR when running |
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274 make, like so: |
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276 make install INSTALL_DIR=D:/emacs |
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278 (for `nmake', type "nmake install INSTALL_DIR=D:/emacs" instead). |
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279 |
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280 The install process will run addpm to setup the registry entries, and |
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281 to create a Start menu icon for Emacs. |
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283 * Trouble-shooting |
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285 The main problems that are likely to be encountered when building |
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286 Emacs stem from using an old version of GCC, or old MinGW or W32 API |
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287 headers. Additionally, cygwin ports of GNU make may require the Emacs |
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288 source tree to be mounted with text!=binary, because the makefiles |
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289 generated by configure.bat necessarily use DOS line endings. Also, |
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290 cygwin ports of make must run in UNIX mode, either by specifying |
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291 --unix on the command line, or MAKE_MODE=UNIX in the environment. |
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293 When configure runs, it attempts to detect when GCC itself, or the |
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294 headers it is using, are not suitable for building Emacs. GCC version |
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295 2.95 or later is needed, because that is when the Windows port gained |
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296 sufficient support for anonymous structs and unions to cope with some |
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297 definitions from winnt.h that are used by addsection.c. The W32 API |
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298 headers that come with Cygwin b20.1 are incomplete, and do not include |
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299 some definitions required by addsection.c, for instance. Also, older |
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300 releases of the W32 API headers from Anders Norlander contain a typo |
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301 in the definition of IMAGE_FIRST_SECTION in winnt.h, which |
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302 addsection.c relies on. Versions of w32api-xxx.zip from at least |
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303 1999-11-18 onwards are okay. |
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305 When in doubt about correctness of what configure did, look at the file |
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306 config.log, which shows all the failed test programs and compiler |
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307 messages associated with the failures. If that doesn't give a clue, |
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308 please report the problems, together with the relevant fragments from |
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309 config.log, as bugs. |
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310 |
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311 If configure succeeds, but make fails, install the Cygwin port of |
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312 Bash, even if the table above indicates that Emacs should be able to |
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313 build without sh.exe. (Some versions of Windows shells are too dumb |
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314 for Makefile's used by Emacs.) |
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315 |
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316 If you are using certain Cygwin builds of GCC, such as Cygwin version |
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317 1.1.8, you may need to specify some extra compiler flags like so: |
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318 |
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319 configure --with-gcc --cflags -mwin32 --cflags -D__MSVCRT__ |
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320 --ldflags -mwin32 |
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321 |
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322 However, the latest Cygwin versions, such as 1.3.3, don't need those |
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323 switches; you can simply use "configure --with-gcc". |
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324 |
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325 We will attempt to auto-detect the need for these flags in a future |
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326 release. |
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327 |
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328 * Debugging |
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330 You should be able to debug Emacs using the debugger that is |
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331 appropriate for the compiler you used, namely DevStudio or Windbg if |
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332 compiled with MSVC, or GDB if compiled with GCC. |
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333 |
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334 When Emacs aborts due to a fatal internal error, Emacs on Windows |
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335 pops up an Emacs Abort Dialog asking you whether you want to debug |
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336 Emacs or terminate it. If Emacs was built with MSVC, click YES |
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337 twice, and Windbg or the DevStudio debugger will start up |
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338 automatically. If Emacs was built with GCC, first start GDB and |
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339 attach it to the Emacs process with the "gdb -p EMACS-PID" command, |
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340 where EMACS-PID is the Emacs process ID (which you can see in the |
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341 Windows Task Manager), type the "continue" command inside GDB, and |
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342 only then click YES on the abort dialog. This will pass control to |
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343 the debugger, and you will be able to debug the cause of the fatal |
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344 error. |
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345 |
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346 Emacs functions implemented in C use a naming convention that reflects |
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347 their names in lisp. The names of the C routines are the lisp names |
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348 prefixed with 'F', and with dashes converted to underscores. For |
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349 example, the function call-process is implemented in C by |
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350 Fcall_process. Similarly, lisp variables are prefixed with 'V', again |
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351 with dashes converted to underscores. These conventions enable you to |
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352 easily set breakpoints or examine familiar lisp variables by name. |
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354 Since Emacs data is often in the form of a lisp object, and the |
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355 Lisp_Object type is difficult to examine manually in a debugger, |
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356 Emacs provides a helper routine called debug_print that prints out a |
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357 readable representation of a Lisp_Object. If you are using GDB, |
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358 there is a .gdbinit file in the src directory which provides |
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359 definitions that are useful for examining lisp objects. Therefore, |
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360 the following tips are mainly of interest when using MSVC. |
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361 |
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362 The output from debug_print is sent to stderr, and to the debugger |
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363 via the OutputDebugString routine. The output sent to stderr should |
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364 be displayed in the console window that was opened when the |
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365 emacs.exe executable was started. The output sent to the debugger |
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366 should be displayed in its "Debug" output window. |
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368 When you are in the process of debugging Emacs and you would like to |
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369 examine the contents of a Lisp_Object variable, popup the QuickWatch |
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370 window (QuickWatch has an eyeglass symbol on its button in the |
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371 toolbar). In the text field at the top of the window, enter |
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372 debug_print(<variable>) and hit return. For example, start and run |
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373 Emacs in the debugger until it is waiting for user input. Then click |
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374 on the Break button in the debugger to halt execution. Emacs should |
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375 halt in ZwUserGetMessage waiting for an input event. Use the Call |
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376 Stack window to select the procedure w32_msp_pump up the call stack |
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377 (see below for why you have to do this). Open the QuickWatch window |
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378 and enter debug_print(Vexec_path). Evaluating this expression will |
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379 then print out the contents of the lisp variable exec-path. |
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381 If QuickWatch reports that the symbol is unknown, then check the call |
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382 stack in the Call Stack window. If the selected frame in the call |
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383 stack is not an Emacs procedure, then the debugger won't recognize |
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384 Emacs symbols. Instead, select a frame that is inside an Emacs |
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385 procedure and try using debug_print again. |
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387 If QuickWatch invokes debug_print but nothing happens, then check the |
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388 thread that is selected in the debugger. If the selected thread is |
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389 not the last thread to run (the "current" thread), then it cannot be |
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390 used to execute debug_print. Use the Debug menu to select the current |
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391 thread and try using debug_print again. Note that the debugger halts |
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392 execution (e.g., due to a breakpoint) in the context of the current |
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393 thread, so this should only be a problem if you've explicitly switched |
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394 threads. |
37710 | 395 |
396 COPYING PERMISSIONS | |
397 | |
398 Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies | |
399 of this document as received, in any medium, provided that the | |
400 copyright notice and permission notice are preserved, | |
401 and that the distributor grants the recipient permission | |
402 for further redistribution as permitted by this notice. | |
403 | |
404 Permission is granted to distribute modified versions | |
405 of this document, or of portions of it, | |
406 under the above conditions, provided also that they | |
407 carry prominent notices stating who last changed them, | |
408 and that any new or changed statements about the activities | |
409 of the Free Software Foundation are approved by the Foundation. |