Mercurial > emacs
annotate lispref/frames.texi @ 9407:4dcc0221b449
* indent.c: #include "region-cache.h".
(character_width, disptab_matches_widthtab, recompute_width_table,
width_run_cache_on_off): New functions.
(compute_motion): Call width_run_cache_on_off. If this buffer's
width run cache is enabled, consult it to see if we need to
traverse a region character-by-character; store information in the
cache after doing so. Call find_before_next_newline instead of
writing out an equivalent loop explicitly, to take advantage of
the newline cache.
Doc fixes.
author | Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com> |
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date | Sat, 08 Oct 1994 22:14:04 +0000 |
parents | 9bc99cd7a6ee |
children | 67b759a9096d |
rev | line source |
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6547 | 1 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. | |
3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
4 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. | |
5 @setfilename ../info/frames | |
6 @node Frames, Positions, Windows, Top | |
7 @chapter Frames | |
8 @cindex frame | |
9 | |
10 A @var{frame} is a rectangle on the screen that contains one or more | |
11 Emacs windows. A frame initially contains a single main window (plus | |
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12 perhaps a minibuffer window), which you can subdivide vertically or |
6547 | 13 horizontally into smaller windows. |
14 | |
15 @cindex terminal frame | |
16 @cindex X window frame | |
17 When Emacs runs on a text-only terminal, it has just one frame, a | |
18 @dfn{terminal frame}. There is no way to create another terminal frame | |
19 after startup. If Emacs has an X display, it does not have a terminal | |
20 frame; instead, it starts with a single @dfn{X window frame}. You can | |
21 create more; see @ref{Creating Frames}. | |
22 | |
23 @defun framep object | |
24 This predicate returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a frame, and | |
25 @code{nil} otherwise. | |
26 @end defun | |
27 | |
28 @menu | |
29 * Creating Frames:: Creating additional X Window frames. | |
30 * Frame Parameters:: Controlling frame size, position, font, etc. | |
31 * Deleting Frames:: Frames last until explicitly deleted. | |
32 * Finding All Frames:: How to examine all existing frames. | |
33 * Frames and Windows:: A frame contains windows; | |
34 display of text always works through windows. | |
35 * Minibuffers and Frames:: How a frame finds the minibuffer to use. | |
36 * Input Focus:: Specifying the selected frame. | |
37 * Visibility of Frames:: Frames may be visible or invisible, or icons. | |
38 * Raising and Lowering:: Raising a frame makes it hide other X windows; | |
39 lowering it makes the others hide them. | |
40 * Frame Configurations:: Saving the state of all frames. | |
41 * Mouse Tracking:: Getting events that say when the mouse moves. | |
42 * Mouse Position:: Asking where the mouse is, or moving it. | |
43 * Pop-Up Menus:: Displaying a menu for the user to select from. | |
44 * Dialog Boxes:: Displaying a box to ask yes or no. | |
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45 * Pointer Shapes:: Specifying the shape of the mouse pointer. |
6547 | 46 * X Selections:: Transferring text to and from other X clients. |
47 * X Connections:: Opening and closing the X server connection. | |
48 * Resources:: Getting resource values from the server. | |
49 * Server Data:: Getting info about the X server. | |
50 @end menu | |
51 | |
52 @xref{Display}, for related information. | |
53 | |
54 @node Creating Frames | |
55 @section Creating Frames | |
56 | |
57 To create a new frame, call the function @code{make-frame}. | |
58 | |
59 @defun make-frame alist | |
60 This function creates a new frame, if the display mechanism permits | |
61 creation of frames. (An X server does; an ordinary terminal does not.) | |
62 | |
63 The argument is an alist specifying frame parameters. Any parameters | |
64 not mentioned in @var{alist} default according to the value of the | |
65 variable @code{default-frame-alist}; parameters not specified there | |
66 either default from the standard X defaults file and X resources. | |
67 | |
68 The set of possible parameters depends in principle on what kind of | |
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69 window system Emacs uses to display its frames. @xref{X Frame |
6547 | 70 Parameters}, for documentation of individual parameters you can specify |
71 when creating an X window frame. | |
72 @end defun | |
73 | |
74 @defvar before-make-frame-hook | |
75 A normal hook run by @code{make-frame} before it actually creates the | |
76 frame. | |
77 @end defvar | |
78 | |
79 @defvar after-make-frame-hook | |
80 A normal hook run by @code{make-frame} after it creates the frame. | |
81 @end defvar | |
82 | |
83 @node Frame Parameters | |
84 @section Frame Parameters | |
85 | |
86 A frame has many parameters that control its appearance and behavior. | |
87 Just what parameters a frame has depends on what display mechanism it | |
88 uses. | |
89 | |
90 Frame parameters exist for the sake of window systems. A terminal frame | |
91 has a few parameters, for compatibility's sake only. You can't change | |
92 these parameters directly; the only ones that ever change are the height | |
93 and width. | |
94 | |
95 @menu | |
96 * Parameter Access:: How to change a frame's parameters. | |
97 * Initial Parameters:: Specifying frame parameters when you make a frame. | |
98 * X Frame Parameters:: Individual parameters documented. | |
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99 * Size and Position:: Changing the size and position of a frame. |
6547 | 100 @end menu |
101 | |
102 @node Parameter Access | |
103 @subsection Access to Frame Parameters | |
104 | |
105 These functions let you read and change the parameter values of a | |
106 frame. | |
107 | |
108 @defun frame-parameters frame | |
109 The function @code{frame-parameters} returns an alist listing all the | |
110 parameters of @var{frame} and their values. | |
111 @end defun | |
112 | |
113 @defun modify-frame-parameters frame alist | |
114 This function alters the parameters of frame @var{frame} based on the | |
115 elements of @var{alist}. Each element of @var{alist} has the form | |
116 @code{(@var{parm} . @var{value})}, where @var{parm} is a symbol naming a | |
117 parameter. If you don't mention a parameter in @var{alist}, its value | |
118 doesn't change. | |
119 @end defun | |
120 | |
121 @node Initial Parameters | |
122 @subsection Initial Frame Parameters | |
123 | |
124 You can specify the parameters for the initial startup frame | |
125 by setting @code{initial-frame-alist} in your @file{.emacs} file. | |
126 | |
127 @defvar initial-frame-alist | |
128 This variable's value is an alist of parameter values used when creating | |
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129 the initial X window frame. Each element has the form: |
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130 |
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131 @example |
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132 (@var{parameter} . @var{value}) |
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133 @end example |
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134 |
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135 Emacs creates the initial frame before it reads your @file{~/.emacs} |
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136 file. After reading that file, Emacs checks @code{initial-frame-alist}, |
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137 and applies the parameter settings in the altered value to the already |
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138 created initial frame. |
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139 |
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140 If these settings affect the frame geometry, you'll see the frame appear |
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141 with the wrong geometry and then change to the specified one. If you |
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142 like, you can specify the same geometry with X resources; those do take |
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143 affect before the frame is created. @xref{Resources X,, X Resources, |
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144 emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. |
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145 |
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146 X resource settings typically apply to all frames. If you want to |
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147 specify some X resources solely for the sake of the initial frame, and |
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148 you don't want them to apply to subsequent frames, here's how to achieve |
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149 this. Specify parameters in @code{default-frame-alist} to override the |
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150 X resources for subsequent frames; then, to prevent these from affecting |
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151 the initial frame, specify the same parameters in |
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152 @code{initial-frame-alist} with values that match the X resources. |
6547 | 153 @end defvar |
154 | |
155 If these parameters specify a separate minibuffer-only frame, | |
156 and you have not created one, Emacs creates one for you. | |
157 | |
158 @defvar minibuffer-frame-alist | |
159 This variable's value is an alist of parameter values used when creating | |
160 an initial minibuffer-only frame---if such a frame is needed, according | |
161 to the parameters for the main initial frame. | |
162 @end defvar | |
163 | |
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164 @defvar special-display-frame-alist |
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165 The variable @code{special-display-frame-alist} specifies the frame |
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166 parameters for special display frames. |
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167 @end defvar |
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168 |
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169 @defvar default-frame-alist |
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170 This is an alist specifying default values of frame parameters for |
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171 subsequent Emacs frames (not the initial ones). |
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172 @end defvar |
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173 |
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174 If you use options that specify window appearance when you invoke Emacs, |
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175 they take effect by adding elements to @code{default-frame-alist}. One |
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176 exception is @samp{-geometry}, which adds to @code{initial-frame-alist} |
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177 instead. @xref{Command Arguments,,, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. |
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178 |
6547 | 179 @node X Frame Parameters |
180 @subsection X Window Frame Parameters | |
181 | |
182 Just what parameters a frame has depends on what display mechanism it | |
183 uses. Here is a table of the parameters of an X window frame: | |
184 | |
185 @table @code | |
186 @item name | |
187 The name of the frame. Most window managers display the frame's name in | |
188 the frame's border, at the top of the frame. If you don't specify a | |
189 name, and you have more than one frame, Emacs sets the frame name based | |
190 on the buffer displayed in the frame's selected window. | |
191 | |
192 If you specify the frame name explicitly when you create the frame, the | |
193 name is also used (instead of the name of the Emacs executable) when | |
194 looking up X resources for the frame. | |
195 | |
196 @item left | |
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197 The screen position of the left edge, in pixels. The value may be |
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198 @code{-} instead of a number; that represents @samp{-0} in a geometry |
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199 specification. |
6547 | 200 |
201 @item top | |
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202 The screen position of the top edge, in pixels. The value may be |
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203 @code{-} instead of a number; that represents @samp{-0} in a geometry |
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204 specification. |
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205 |
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206 @item user-position |
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207 Non-@code{nil} if the screen position of the frame was explicitly |
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208 requested by the user (for example, with the @samp{-geometry} option). |
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209 Nothing automatically makes this parameter non-@code{nil}; it is up to |
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210 Lisp programs that call @code{make-frame} to specify this parameter as |
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211 well as specifying the @code{left} and @code{top} parameters. |
6547 | 212 |
213 @item height | |
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214 The height of the frame contents, in characters. (To get the height in |
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215 pixels, call @code{frame-pixel-height}; see @ref{Size and Position}.) |
6547 | 216 |
217 @item width | |
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218 The width of the frame contents, in characters. (To get the height in |
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219 pixels, call @code{frame-pixel-width}; see @ref{Size and Position}.) |
6547 | 220 |
221 @item window-id | |
222 The number of the X window for the frame. | |
223 | |
224 @item minibuffer | |
225 Whether this frame has its own minibuffer. The value @code{t} means | |
226 yes, @code{nil} means no, @code{only} means this frame is just a | |
227 minibuffer, a minibuffer window (in some other frame) means the new | |
228 frame uses that minibuffer. | |
229 | |
230 @item font | |
231 The name of the font for displaying text in the frame. This is a | |
232 string. | |
233 | |
234 @item auto-raise | |
235 Whether selecting the frame raises it (non-@code{nil} means yes). | |
236 | |
237 @item auto-lower | |
238 Whether deselecting the frame lowers it (non-@code{nil} means yes). | |
239 | |
240 @item vertical-scroll-bars | |
241 Whether the frame has scroll bars for vertical scrolling | |
242 (non-@code{nil} means yes). | |
243 | |
244 @item horizontal-scroll-bars | |
245 Whether the frame has scroll bars for horizontal scrolling | |
246 (non-@code{nil} means yes). (Horizontal scroll bars are not currently | |
247 implemented.) | |
248 | |
249 @item icon-type | |
250 The type of icon to use for this frame when it is iconified. | |
251 Non-@code{nil} specifies a bitmap icon, @code{nil} a text icon. | |
252 | |
253 @item foreground-color | |
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254 The color to use for the image of a character. This is a string; the X |
6547 | 255 server defines the meaningful color names. |
256 | |
257 @item background-color | |
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258 The color to use for the background of characters. |
6547 | 259 |
260 @item mouse-color | |
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261 The color for the mouse pointer. |
6547 | 262 |
263 @item cursor-color | |
264 The color for the cursor that shows point. | |
265 | |
266 @item border-color | |
267 The color for the border of the frame. | |
268 | |
269 @item cursor-type | |
270 The way to display the cursor. There are two legitimate values: | |
271 @code{bar} and @code{box}. The symbol @code{bar} specifies a vertical | |
272 bar between characters as the cursor. The symbol @code{box} specifies | |
273 an ordinary black box overlaying the character after point; that is the | |
274 default. | |
275 | |
276 @item border-width | |
277 The width in pixels of the window border. | |
278 | |
279 @item internal-border-width | |
280 The distance in pixels between text and border. | |
281 | |
282 @item unsplittable | |
283 If non-@code{nil}, this frame's window is never split automatically. | |
284 | |
285 @item visibility | |
286 The state of visibility of the frame. There are three possibilities: | |
287 @code{nil} for invisible, @code{t} for visible, and @code{icon} for | |
288 iconified. @xref{Visibility of Frames}. | |
289 | |
290 @item menu-bar-lines | |
291 The number of lines to allocate at the top of the frame for a menu bar. | |
292 The default is 1. @xref{Menu Bar}. | |
293 | |
294 @item parent-id | |
295 @c ??? Not yet working. | |
296 The X window number of the window that should be the parent of this one. | |
297 Specifying this lets you create an Emacs window inside some other | |
298 application's window. (It is not certain this will be implemented; try | |
299 it and see if it works.) | |
300 @end table | |
301 | |
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302 @node Size and Position |
6547 | 303 @subsection Frame Size And Position |
304 | |
305 You can read or change the size and position of a frame using the | |
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306 frame parameters @code{left}, @code{top}, @code{height}, and |
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307 @code{width}. Whatever geometry parameters you don't specify are chosen |
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308 by the window manager in its usual fashion. |
6547 | 309 |
310 Here are some special features for working with sizes and positions: | |
311 | |
312 @defun set-frame-position frame left top | |
313 This function sets the position of the top left corner of | |
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314 @var{frame} to @var{left} and @var{top}. These arguments are measured |
6547 | 315 in pixels, counting from the top left corner of the screen. |
316 @end defun | |
317 | |
318 @defun frame-height &optional frame | |
319 @defunx frame-width &optional frame | |
320 These functions return the height and width of @var{frame}, measured in | |
321 characters. If you don't supply @var{frame}, they use the selected | |
322 frame. | |
323 @end defun | |
324 | |
325 @defun frame-pixel-height &optional frame | |
326 @defunx frame-pixel-width &optional frame | |
327 These functions return the height and width of @var{frame}, measured in | |
328 pixels. If you don't supply @var{frame}, they use the selected frame. | |
329 @end defun | |
330 | |
331 @defun frame-char-height &optional frame | |
332 @defunx frame-char-width &optional frame | |
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333 These functions return the height and width of a character in |
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334 @var{frame}, measured in pixels. The values depend on the choice of |
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335 font. If you don't supply @var{frame}, these functions use the selected |
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336 frame. |
6547 | 337 @end defun |
338 | |
339 @defun set-frame-size frame cols rows | |
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340 This function sets the size of @var{frame}, measured in characters; |
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341 @var{cols} and @var{rows} specify the new width and height. |
6547 | 342 |
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343 To set the size based on values measured in pixels, use |
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344 @code{frame-char-height} and @code{frame-char-width} to convert |
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345 them to units of characters. |
6547 | 346 @end defun |
347 | |
348 The old-fashioned functions @code{set-screen-height} and | |
349 @code{set-screen-width}, which were used to specify the height and width | |
350 of the screen in Emacs versions that did not support multiple frames, | |
351 are still usable. They apply to the selected frame. @xref{Screen | |
352 Size}. | |
353 | |
354 @defun x-parse-geometry geom | |
355 @cindex geometry specification | |
356 The function @code{x-parse-geometry} converts a standard X windows | |
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357 geometry string to an alist that you can use as part of the argument to |
6547 | 358 @code{make-frame}. |
359 | |
360 The alist describes which parameters were specified in @var{geom}, and | |
361 gives the values specified for them. Each element looks like | |
362 @code{(@var{parameter} . @var{value})}. The possible @var{parameter} | |
363 values are @code{left}, @code{top}, @code{width}, and @code{height}. | |
364 | |
365 @smallexample | |
366 (x-parse-geometry "35x70+0-0") | |
367 @result{} ((width . 35) (height . 70) (left . 0) (top . -1)) | |
368 @end smallexample | |
369 @end defun | |
370 | |
371 @ignore | |
372 New functions @code{set-frame-height} and @code{set-frame-width} set the | |
373 size of a specified frame. The frame is the first argument; the size is | |
374 the second. | |
375 @end ignore | |
376 | |
377 @node Deleting Frames | |
378 @section Deleting Frames | |
379 @cindex deletion of frames | |
380 | |
381 Frames remain potentially visible until you explicitly @dfn{delete} | |
382 them. A deleted frame cannot appear on the screen, but continues to | |
383 exist as a Lisp object until there are no references to it. There is no | |
384 way to cancel the deletion of a frame aside from restoring a saved frame | |
385 configuration (@pxref{Frame Configurations}); this is similar to the | |
386 way windows behave. | |
387 | |
388 @deffn Command delete-frame &optional frame | |
389 This function deletes the frame @var{frame}. By default, @var{frame} is | |
390 the selected frame. | |
391 @end deffn | |
392 | |
393 @defun frame-live-p frame | |
394 The function @code{frame-live-p} returns non-@code{nil} if the frame | |
395 @var{frame} has not been deleted. | |
396 @end defun | |
397 | |
398 @node Finding All Frames | |
399 @section Finding All Frames | |
400 | |
401 @defun frame-list | |
402 The function @code{frame-list} returns a list of all the frames that | |
403 have not been deleted. It is analogous to @code{buffer-list} for | |
404 buffers. The list that you get is newly created, so modifying the list | |
405 doesn't have any effect on the internals of Emacs. | |
406 @end defun | |
407 | |
408 @defun visible-frame-list | |
409 This function returns a list of just the currently visible frames. | |
410 @xref{Visibility of Frames}. | |
411 @end defun | |
412 | |
413 @defun next-frame &optional frame minibuf | |
414 The function @code{next-frame} lets you cycle conveniently through all | |
415 the frames from an arbitrary starting point. It returns the ``next'' | |
416 frame after @var{frame} in the cycle. If @var{frame} is omitted or | |
417 @code{nil}, it defaults to the selected frame. | |
418 | |
419 The second argument, @var{minibuf}, says which frames to consider: | |
420 | |
421 @table @asis | |
422 @item @code{nil} | |
423 Exclude minibuffer-only frames. | |
424 @item @code{visible} | |
425 Consider all visible frames. | |
426 @item a window | |
427 Consider only the frames using that particular window as their | |
428 minibuffer. | |
429 @item anything else | |
430 Consider all frames. | |
431 @end table | |
432 @end defun | |
433 | |
434 @defun previous-frame &optional frame minibuf | |
435 Like @code{next-frame}, but cycles through all frames in the opposite | |
436 direction. | |
437 @end defun | |
438 | |
439 @node Frames and Windows | |
440 @section Frames and Windows | |
441 | |
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442 Each window is part of one and only one frame; you can get the frame |
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443 with @code{window-frame}. |
6547 | 444 |
445 @defun window-frame window | |
446 This function returns the frame that @var{window} is on. | |
447 @end defun | |
448 | |
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449 All the non-minibuffer windows in a frame are arranged in a cyclic |
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450 order. The order runs from the frame's top window, which is at the |
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451 upper left corner, down and to the right, until it reaches the window at |
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452 the lower right corner (always the minibuffer window, if the frame has |
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453 one), and then it moves back to the top. |
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454 |
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455 @defun frame-top-window frame |
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456 This returns the topmost, leftmost window of frame @var{frame}. |
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457 @end defun |
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458 |
6547 | 459 At any time, exactly one window on any frame is @dfn{selected within the |
460 frame}. The significance of this designation is that selecting the | |
461 frame also selects this window. You can get the frame's current | |
462 selected window with @code{frame-selected-window}. | |
463 | |
464 @defun frame-selected-window frame | |
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465 This function returns the window on @var{frame} that is selected within |
6547 | 466 @var{frame}. |
467 @end defun | |
468 | |
469 Conversely, selecting a window for Emacs with @code{select-window} also | |
470 makes that window selected within its frame. @xref{Selecting Windows}. | |
471 | |
472 @node Minibuffers and Frames | |
473 @section Minibuffers and Frames | |
474 | |
475 Normally, each frame has its own minibuffer window at the bottom, which | |
476 is used whenever that frame is selected. If the frame has a minibuffer, | |
477 you can get it with @code{minibuffer-window} (@pxref{Minibuffer Misc}). | |
478 | |
479 However, you can also create a frame with no minibuffer. Such a frame | |
480 must use the minibuffer window of some other frame. When you create the | |
481 frame, you can specify explicitly the frame on which to find the | |
482 minibuffer to use. If you don't, then the minibuffer is found in the | |
483 frame which is the value of the variable | |
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484 @code{default-minibuffer-frame}. Its value should be a frame that does |
6547 | 485 have a minibuffer. |
486 | |
487 If you use a minibuffer-only frame, you might want that frame to raise | |
488 when you enter the minibuffer. If so, set the variable | |
489 @code{minibuffer-auto-raise} to @code{t}. @xref{Raising and Lowering}. | |
490 | |
491 @node Input Focus | |
492 @section Input Focus | |
493 @cindex input focus | |
494 @cindex selected frame | |
495 | |
496 At any time, one frame in Emacs is the @dfn{selected frame}. The selected | |
497 window always resides on the selected frame. | |
498 | |
499 @defun selected-frame | |
500 This function returns the selected frame. | |
501 @end defun | |
502 | |
503 The X server normally directs keyboard input to the X window that the | |
504 mouse is in. Some window managers use mouse clicks or keyboard events | |
505 to @dfn{shift the focus} to various X windows, overriding the normal | |
506 behavior of the server. | |
507 | |
508 Lisp programs can switch frames ``temporarily'' by calling | |
509 the function @code{select-frame}. This does not override the window | |
510 manager; rather, it escapes from the window manager's control until | |
511 that control is somehow reasserted. | |
512 | |
513 @c ??? This is not yet implemented properly. | |
514 @defun select-frame frame | |
515 This function selects frame @var{frame}, temporarily disregarding the | |
516 focus of the X server. The selection of @var{frame} lasts until the | |
517 next time the user does something to select a different frame, or until | |
518 the next time this function is called. | |
519 @end defun | |
520 | |
521 Emacs cooperates with the X server and the window managers by arranging | |
522 to select frames according to what the server and window manager ask | |
523 for. It does so by generating a special kind of input event, called a | |
524 @dfn{focus} event. The command loop handles a focus event by calling | |
525 @code{handle-select-frame}. @xref{Focus Events}. | |
526 | |
527 @deffn Command handle-switch-frame frame | |
528 This function handles a focus event by selecting frame @var{frame}. | |
529 | |
530 Focus events normally do their job by invoking this command. | |
531 Don't call it for any other reason. | |
532 @end deffn | |
533 | |
534 @defun redirect-frame-focus frame focus-frame | |
535 This function redirects focus from @var{frame} to @var{focus-frame}. | |
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536 This means that @var{focus-frame} will receive subsequent keystrokes |
6547 | 537 intended for @var{frame}. After such an event, the value of |
538 @code{last-event-frame} will be @var{focus-frame}. Also, switch-frame | |
539 events specifying @var{frame} will instead select @var{focus-frame}. | |
540 | |
541 If @var{focus-frame} is @code{nil}, that cancels any existing | |
542 redirection for @var{frame}, which therefore once again receives its own | |
543 events. | |
544 | |
545 One use of focus redirection is for frames that don't have minibuffers. | |
546 These frames use minibuffers on other frames. Activating a minibuffer | |
547 on another frame redirects focus to that frame. This puts the focus on | |
548 the minibuffer's frame, where it belongs, even though the mouse remains | |
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549 in the frame that activated the minibuffer. |
6547 | 550 |
551 Selecting a frame can also change focus redirections. Selecting frame | |
552 @code{bar}, when @code{foo} had been selected, changes any redirections | |
553 pointing to @code{foo} so that they point to @code{bar} instead. This | |
554 allows focus redirection to work properly when the user switches from | |
555 one frame to another using @code{select-window}. | |
556 | |
557 This means that a frame whose focus is redirected to itself is treated | |
558 differently from a frame whose focus is not redirected. | |
559 @code{select-frame} affects the former but not the latter. | |
560 | |
561 The redirection lasts until @code{redirect-frame-focus} is called to | |
562 change it. | |
563 @end defun | |
564 | |
565 @node Visibility of Frames | |
566 @section Visibility of Frames | |
567 @cindex visible frame | |
568 @cindex invisible frame | |
569 @cindex iconified frame | |
570 @cindex frame visibility | |
571 | |
572 A frame may be @dfn{visible}, @dfn{invisible}, or @dfn{iconified}. If | |
573 it is visible, you can see its contents. If it is iconified, the | |
574 frame's contents do not appear on the screen, but an icon does. If the | |
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575 frame is invisible, it doesn't show on the screen, not even as an icon. |
6547 | 576 |
577 @deffn Command make-frame-visible &optional frame | |
578 This function makes frame @var{frame} visible. If you omit @var{frame}, | |
579 it makes the selected frame visible. | |
580 @end deffn | |
581 | |
582 @deffn Command make-frame-invisible &optional frame | |
583 This function makes frame @var{frame} invisible. If you omit | |
584 @var{frame}, it makes the selected frame invisible. | |
585 @end deffn | |
586 | |
587 @deffn Command iconify-frame &optional frame | |
588 This function iconifies frame @var{frame}. If you omit @var{frame}, it | |
589 iconifies the selected frame. | |
590 @end deffn | |
591 | |
592 @defun frame-visible-p frame | |
593 This returns the visibility status of frame @var{frame}. The value is | |
594 @code{t} if @var{frame} is visible, @code{nil} if it is invisible, and | |
595 @code{icon} if it is iconified. | |
596 @end defun | |
597 | |
598 The visibility status of a frame is also available as a frame | |
599 parameter. You can read or change it as such. @xref{X Frame | |
600 Parameters}. | |
601 | |
602 @node Raising and Lowering | |
603 @section Raising and Lowering Frames | |
604 | |
605 The X Window System uses a desktop metaphor. Part of this metaphor is | |
606 the idea that windows are stacked in a notional third dimension | |
607 perpendicular to the screen surface, and thus ordered from ``highest'' | |
608 to ``lowest''. Where two windows overlap, the one higher up covers the | |
609 one underneath. Even a window at the bottom of the stack can be seen if | |
610 no other window overlaps it. | |
611 | |
612 @cindex raising a frame | |
613 @cindex lowering a frame | |
614 A window's place in this ordering is not fixed; in fact, users tend to | |
615 change the order frequently. @dfn{Raising} a window means moving it | |
616 ``up'', to the top of the stack. @dfn{Lowering} a window means moving | |
617 it to the bottom of the stack. This motion is in the notional third | |
618 dimension only, and does not change the position of the window on the | |
619 screen. | |
620 | |
621 You can raise and lower Emacs's X windows with these functions: | |
622 | |
623 @defun raise-frame frame | |
624 This function raises frame @var{frame}. | |
625 @end defun | |
626 | |
627 @defun lower-frame frame | |
628 This function lowers frame @var{frame}. | |
629 @end defun | |
630 | |
631 @defopt minibuffer-auto-raise | |
632 If this is non-@code{nil}, activation of the minibuffer raises the frame | |
633 that the minibuffer window is in. | |
634 @end defopt | |
635 | |
636 You can also enable auto-raise (raising automatically when a frame is | |
637 selected) or auto-lower (lowering automatically when it is deselected) | |
638 for any frame using frame parameters. @xref{X Frame Parameters}. | |
639 | |
640 @node Frame Configurations | |
641 @section Frame Configurations | |
642 @cindex frame configuration | |
643 | |
644 A @dfn{frame configuration} records the current arrangement of frames, | |
645 all their properties, and the window configuration of each one. | |
646 | |
647 @defun current-frame-configuration | |
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648 This function returns a frame configuration list that describes |
6547 | 649 the current arrangement of frames and their contents. |
650 @end defun | |
651 | |
652 @defun set-frame-configuration configuration | |
653 This function restores the state of frames described in | |
654 @var{configuration}. | |
655 @end defun | |
656 | |
657 @node Mouse Tracking | |
658 @section Mouse Tracking | |
659 @cindex mouse tracking | |
660 @cindex tracking the mouse | |
661 | |
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662 Sometimes it is useful to @dfn{track} the mouse, which means to display |
6547 | 663 something to indicate where the mouse is and move the indicator as the |
664 mouse moves. For efficient mouse tracking, you need a way to wait until | |
665 the mouse actually moves. | |
666 | |
667 The convenient way to track the mouse is to ask for events to represent | |
668 mouse motion. Then you can wait for motion by waiting for an event. In | |
669 addition, you can easily handle any other sorts of events that may | |
670 occur. That is useful, because normally you don't want to track the | |
671 mouse forever---only until some other event, such as the release of a | |
672 button. | |
673 | |
674 @defspec track-mouse body@dots{} | |
675 Execute @var{body}, meanwhile generating input events for mouse motion. | |
676 The code in @var{body} can read these events with @code{read-event} or | |
677 @code{read-key-sequence}. @xref{Motion Events}, for the format of mouse | |
678 motion events. | |
679 | |
680 The value of @code{track-mouse} is that of the last form in @var{body}. | |
681 @end defspec | |
682 | |
683 The usual purpose of tracking mouse motion is to indicate on the screen | |
684 the consequences of pushing or releasing a button at the current | |
685 position. | |
686 | |
687 @ignore | |
688 @c These are not implemented yet. | |
689 | |
690 These functions change the screen appearance instantaneously. The | |
691 effect is transient, only until the next ordinary Emacs redisplay. That | |
692 is ok for mouse tracking, since it doesn't make sense for mouse tracking | |
693 to change the text, and the body of @code{track-mouse} normally reads | |
694 the events itself and does not do redisplay. | |
695 | |
696 @defun x-contour-region window beg end | |
697 This function draws lines to make a box around the text from @var{beg} | |
698 to @var{end}, in window @var{window}. | |
699 @end defun | |
700 | |
701 @defun x-uncontour-region window beg end | |
702 This function erases the lines that would make a box around the text | |
703 from @var{beg} to @var{end}, in window @var{window}. Use it to remove | |
704 a contour that you previously made by calling @code{x-contour-region}. | |
705 @end defun | |
706 | |
707 @defun x-draw-rectangle frame left top right bottom | |
708 This function draws a hollow rectangle on frame @var{frame} with the | |
709 specified edge coordinates, all measured in pixels from the inside top | |
710 left corner. It uses the cursor color, the one used for indicating the | |
711 location of point. | |
712 @end defun | |
713 | |
714 @defun x-erase-rectangle frame left top right bottom | |
715 This function erases a hollow rectangle on frame @var{frame} with the | |
716 specified edge coordinates, all measured in pixels from the inside top | |
717 left corner. Erasure means redrawing the text and background that | |
718 normally belong in the specified rectangle. | |
719 @end defun | |
720 @end ignore | |
721 | |
722 @node Mouse Position | |
723 @section Mouse Position | |
724 @cindex mouse position | |
725 @cindex position of mouse | |
726 | |
727 The functions @code{mouse-position} and @code{set-mouse-position} | |
728 give access to the current position of the mouse. | |
729 | |
730 @defun mouse-position | |
731 This function returns a description of the position of the mouse. The | |
732 value looks like @code{(@var{frame} @var{x} . @var{y})}, where @var{x} | |
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733 and @var{y} are integers giving the position in characters relative to |
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734 the top left corner of the inside of @var{frame}. |
6547 | 735 @end defun |
736 | |
737 @defun set-mouse-position frame x y | |
738 This function @dfn{warps the mouse} to position @var{x}, @var{y} in | |
739 frame @var{frame}. The arguments @var{x} and @var{y} are integers, | |
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740 giving the position in characters relative to the top left corner of the |
6547 | 741 inside of @var{frame}. |
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742 @end defun |
6547 | 743 |
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744 @defun mouse-pixel-position |
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745 This function is like @code{mouse-position} except that it returns |
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746 coordinates in units of pixels rather than units of characters. |
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747 @end defun |
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748 |
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749 @defun set-mouse-pixel-position frame x y |
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750 This function warps the mouse like @code{set-mouse-position} except that |
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751 @var{x} and @var{y} are in units of pixels rather than units of |
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752 characters. These coordinates are not required to be within the frame. |
6547 | 753 @end defun |
754 | |
755 @need 3000 | |
756 | |
757 @node Pop-Up Menus | |
758 @section Pop-Up Menus | |
759 | |
760 @defun x-popup-menu position menu | |
761 This function displays a pop-up menu and returns an indication of | |
762 what selection the user makes. | |
763 | |
764 The argument @var{position} specifies where on the screen to put the | |
765 menu. It can be either a mouse button event (which says to put the menu | |
766 where the user actuated the button) or a list of this form: | |
767 | |
768 @example | |
769 ((@var{xoffset} @var{yoffset}) @var{window}) | |
770 @end example | |
771 | |
772 @noindent | |
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773 where @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} are coordinates, measured in |
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774 pixels, counting from the top left corner of @var{window}'s frame. |
6547 | 775 |
776 If @var{position} is @code{t}, it means to use the current mouse | |
777 position. If @var{position} is @code{nil}, it means to precompute the | |
778 key binding equivalents for the keymaps specified in @var{menu}, | |
779 without actually displaying or popping up the menu. | |
780 | |
781 The argument @var{menu} says what to display in the menu. It can be a | |
782 keymap or a list of keymaps (@pxref{Menu Keymaps}). Alternatively, it | |
783 can have the following form: | |
784 | |
785 @example | |
786 (@var{title} @var{pane1} @var{pane2}...) | |
787 @end example | |
788 | |
789 @noindent | |
790 where each pane is a list of form | |
791 | |
792 @example | |
793 (@var{title} (@var{line} @var{item})...) | |
794 @end example | |
795 | |
796 Each @var{line} should be a string, and each @var{item} should be the | |
797 value to return if that @var{line} is chosen. | |
798 @end defun | |
799 | |
800 @strong{Usage note:} Don't use @code{x-popup-menu} to display a menu if | |
801 a prefix key with a menu keymap would do the job. If you use a menu | |
802 keymap to implement a menu, @kbd{C-h c} and @kbd{C-h a} can see the | |
803 individual items in that menu and provide help for them. If instead you | |
804 implement the menu by defining a command that calls @code{x-popup-menu}, | |
805 the help facilities cannot know what happens inside that command, so | |
806 they cannot give any help for the menu's items. This is the reason why | |
807 all the menu bar items except @samp{Buffers} are implemented with menu | |
808 keymaps (@pxref{Menu Keymaps}). | |
809 | |
810 @node Dialog Boxes | |
811 @section Dialog Boxes | |
812 @cindex dialog boxes | |
813 | |
814 A dialog box is a variant of a pop-up menu. It looks a little | |
815 different (if Emacs uses an X toolkit), it always appears in the center | |
816 of a frame, and it has just one level and one pane. The main use of | |
817 dialog boxes is for asking questions that the user can answer with | |
818 ``yes'', ``no'', and a few other alternatives. The functions | |
819 @code{y-or-n-p} and @code{yes-or-no-p} use dialog boxes instead of the | |
820 keyboard, when called from commands invoked by mouse clicks. | |
821 | |
822 @defun x-popup-dialog position contents | |
823 This function displays a pop-up dialog box and returns an indication of | |
824 what selection the user makes. The argument @var{contents} specifies | |
825 the alternatives to offer; it has this format: | |
826 | |
827 @example | |
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828 (@var{title} (@var{string} . @var{value})@dots{}) |
6547 | 829 @end example |
830 | |
831 @noindent | |
832 which looks like the list that specifies a single pane for | |
833 @code{x-popup-menu}. | |
834 | |
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835 The return value is @var{value} from the chosen alternative. |
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836 |
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837 An element of the list may be just a string instead of a cons cell |
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838 @code{(@var{string} . @var{value})}. That makes a box that cannot |
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839 be selected. |
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840 |
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841 If @code{nil} appears in the list, it separates the left-hand items from |
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842 the right-hand items; items that precede the @code{nil} appear on the |
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843 left, and items that follow the @code{nil} appear on the right. If you |
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844 don't include a @code{nil} in the list, then approximately half the |
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845 items appear on each side. |
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846 |
6547 | 847 Dialog boxes always appear in the center of a frame; the argument |
848 @var{position} specifies which frame. The possible values are as in | |
849 @code{x-popup-menu}, but the precise coordinates don't matter; only the | |
850 frame matters. | |
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851 |
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852 If your Emacs executable does not use an X toolkit, then it cannot |
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853 display a real dialog box; so instead it displays the same items in a |
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854 pop-up menu in the center of the frame. |
6547 | 855 @end defun |
856 | |
7684
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857 @node Pointer Shapes |
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858 @section Pointer Shapes |
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859 @cindex pointer shape |
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860 @cindex mouse pointer shape |
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861 |
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862 These variables specify which mouse pointer shape to use in various |
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863 situations: |
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864 |
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865 @table @code |
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866 @item x-pointer-shape |
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867 @vindex x-pointer-shape |
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868 This variable specifies the pointer shape to use ordinarily in the Emacs |
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869 frame. |
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870 |
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871 @item x-sensitive-text-pointer-shape |
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872 @vindex x-sensitive-text-pointer-shape |
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873 This variable specifies the pointer shape to use when the mouse |
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874 is over mouse-sensitive text. |
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875 @end table |
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876 |
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877 These variables affect newly created frames. They do not normally |
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878 affect existing frames; however, if you set the mouse color of a frame, |
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879 that also updates its pointer shapes based on the current values of |
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880 these variables. @xref{X Frame Parameters}. |
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881 |
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882 The values you can use, to specify either of these pointer shapes, are |
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883 defined in the file @file{lisp/x-win.el}. Use @kbd{M-x apropos |
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884 @key{RET} x-pointer @key{RET}} to see a list of them. |
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885 |
6547 | 886 @node X Selections |
887 @section X Selections | |
888 @cindex selection (for X windows) | |
889 | |
890 The X server records a set of @dfn{selections} which permit transfer of | |
891 data between application programs. The various selections are | |
892 distinguished by @dfn{selection types}, represented in Emacs by | |
893 symbols. X clients including Emacs can read or set the selection for | |
894 any given type. | |
895 | |
896 @defun x-set-selection type data | |
897 This function sets a ``selection'' in the X server. It takes two | |
898 arguments: a selection type @var{type}, and the value to assign to it, | |
899 @var{data}. If @var{data} is @code{nil}, it means to clear out the | |
900 selection. Otherwise, @var{data} may be a string, a symbol, an integer | |
901 (or a cons of two integers or list of two integers), an overlay, or a | |
902 cons of two markers pointing to the same buffer. An overlay or a pair | |
903 of markers stands for text in the overlay or between the markers. | |
904 | |
905 The data may also be a vector of valid non-vector selection values. | |
906 | |
907 Each possible @var{type} has its own selection value, which changes | |
908 independently. The usual values of @var{type} are @code{PRIMARY} and | |
909 @code{SECONDARY}; these are symbols with upper-case names, in accord | |
910 with X Window System conventions. The default is @code{PRIMARY}. | |
911 @end defun | |
912 | |
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913 @defun x-get-selection &optional type data-type |
6547 | 914 This function accesses selections set up by Emacs or by other X |
915 clients. It takes two optional arguments, @var{type} and | |
916 @var{data-type}. The default for @var{type}, the selection type, is | |
917 @code{PRIMARY}. | |
918 | |
919 The @var{data-type} argument specifies the form of data conversion to | |
920 use, to convert the raw data obtained from another X client into Lisp | |
921 data. Meaningful values include @code{TEXT}, @code{STRING}, | |
922 @code{TARGETS}, @code{LENGTH}, @code{DELETE}, @code{FILE_NAME}, | |
923 @code{CHARACTER_POSITION}, @code{LINE_NUMBER}, @code{COLUMN_NUMBER}, | |
924 @code{OWNER_OS}, @code{HOST_NAME}, @code{USER}, @code{CLASS}, | |
925 @code{NAME}, @code{ATOM}, and @code{INTEGER}. (These are symbols with | |
926 upper-case names in accord with X conventions.) The default for | |
927 @var{data-type} is @code{STRING}. | |
928 @end defun | |
929 | |
930 @cindex cut buffer | |
931 The X server also has a set of numbered @dfn{cut buffers} which can | |
932 store text or other data being moved between applications. Cut buffers | |
933 are considered obsolete, but Emacs supports them for the sake of X | |
934 clients that still use them. | |
935 | |
936 @defun x-get-cut-buffer n | |
937 This function returns the contents of cut buffer number @var{n}. | |
938 @end defun | |
939 | |
940 @defun x-set-cut-buffer string | |
941 This function stores @var{string} into the first cut buffer (cut buffer | |
942 0), moving the other values down through the series of cut buffers, much | |
943 like the way successive kills in Emacs move down the kill ring. | |
944 @end defun | |
945 | |
946 @node X Connections | |
947 @section X Connections | |
948 | |
949 You can close the connection with the X server with the function | |
950 @code{x-close-current-connection}, and open a new one with | |
951 @code{x-open-connection} (perhaps with a different server and display). | |
952 | |
953 @defun x-close-current-connection | |
954 This function closes the connection to the X server. It deletes all | |
955 frames, making Emacs effectively inaccessible to the user; therefore, a | |
956 Lisp program that closes the connection should open another one. | |
957 @end defun | |
958 | |
959 @defun x-open-connection display &optional resource-string | |
960 This function opens a connection to an X server, for use of display | |
961 @var{display}. | |
962 | |
963 The optional argument @var{resource-string} is a string of resource | |
964 names and values, in the same format used in the @file{.Xresources} | |
965 file. The values you specify override the resource values recorded in | |
966 the X server itself. Here's an example of what this string might look | |
967 like: | |
968 | |
969 @example | |
970 "*BorderWidth: 3\n*InternalBorder: 2\n" | |
971 @end example | |
972 | |
973 @xref{Resources}. | |
974 @end defun | |
975 | |
976 @defun x-display-color-p | |
977 This returns @code{t} if the connected X display has color, and | |
978 @code{nil} otherwise. | |
979 @end defun | |
980 | |
981 @defun x-color-defined-p color | |
8712 | 982 This function reports whether a color name is meaningful. It returns |
983 @code{t} if so; otherwise, @code{nil}. | |
984 | |
985 Note that this does not tell you whether the display you are using | |
986 really supports that color. You can ask for any defined color on any | |
987 kind of display, and you will get some result---that is how the X server | |
988 works. Here's an approximate way to test whether your display supports | |
989 the color @var{color}: | |
990 | |
991 @example | |
992 (defun x-color-supported-p (color) | |
993 (and (x-color-defined-p color) | |
994 (or (x-display-color-p) | |
995 (member color '("black" "white")) | |
996 (and (> (x-display-planes) 1) | |
997 (equal color "gray"))))) | |
998 @end example | |
999 @end defun | |
6547 | 1000 |
8712 | 1001 @defun x-color-values color |
1002 This function returns a value that describes what @var{color} should | |
1003 ideally look like. If @var{color} is defined, the value is a list of | |
1004 three integers, which give the amount of red, the amount of green, and | |
1005 the amount of blue. Each integer ranges in principle from 0 to 65535, | |
1006 but in practice no value seems to be above 65280. If @var{color} is not | |
1007 defined, the value is @code{nil}. | |
1008 | |
1009 @example | |
1010 (x-color-values "black") | |
1011 @result{} (0 0 0) | |
1012 (x-color-values "white") | |
1013 @result{} (65280 65280 65280) | |
1014 (x-color-values "red") | |
1015 @result{} (65280 0 0) | |
1016 (x-color-values "pink") | |
1017 @result{} (65280 49152 51968) | |
1018 (x-color-values "hungry") | |
1019 @result{} nil | |
1020 @end example | |
6547 | 1021 @end defun |
1022 | |
1023 @defun x-synchronize flag | |
1024 The function @code{x-synchronize} enables or disables synchronous | |
1025 communication with the X server. It enables synchronous communication | |
1026 if @var{flag} is non-@code{nil}, and disables it if @var{flag} is | |
1027 @code{nil}. | |
1028 | |
1029 In synchronous mode, Emacs waits for a response to each X protocol | |
1030 command before doing anything else. This is useful for debugging Emacs, | |
1031 because protocol errors are reported right away, which helps you find | |
1032 the erroneous command. Synchronous mode is not the default because it | |
1033 is much slower. | |
1034 @end defun | |
1035 | |
1036 @node Resources | |
1037 @section X Resources | |
1038 | |
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1039 @defun x-get-resource attribute &optional component subclass |
6547 | 1040 The function @code{x-get-resource} retrieves a resource value from the X |
1041 Windows defaults database. | |
1042 | |
1043 Resources are indexed by a combination of a @dfn{key} and a @dfn{class}. | |
1044 This function searches using a key of the form | |
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1045 @samp{@var{instance}.@var{attribute}} (where @var{instance} is the name |
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1046 under which Emacs was invoked), and using @samp{Emacs} as the class. |
6547 | 1047 |
1048 The optional arguments @var{component} and @var{subclass} add to the key | |
1049 and the class, respectively. You must specify both of them or neither. | |
1050 If you specify them, the key is | |
1051 @samp{@var{instance}.@var{component}.@var{attribute}}, and the class is | |
1052 @samp{Emacs.@var{subclass}}. | |
1053 @end defun | |
1054 | |
1055 @xref{Resources X, X Resources,, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. | |
1056 | |
1057 @node Server Data | |
1058 @section Data about the X Server | |
1059 | |
1060 This section describes functions and a variable that you can use to | |
1061 get information about the capabilities and origin of the X server that | |
1062 Emacs is displaying its frames on. | |
1063 | |
1064 @defun x-display-screens | |
1065 This function returns the number of screens associated with the current | |
1066 display. | |
1067 @end defun | |
1068 | |
1069 @defun x-server-version | |
1070 This function returns the list of version numbers of the X server in | |
1071 use. | |
1072 @end defun | |
1073 | |
1074 @defun x-server-vendor | |
1075 This function returns the vendor supporting the X server in use. | |
1076 @end defun | |
1077 | |
1078 @defun x-display-pixel-height | |
1079 This function returns the height of this X screen in pixels. | |
1080 @end defun | |
1081 | |
1082 @defun x-display-mm-height | |
1083 This function returns the height of this X screen in millimeters. | |
1084 @end defun | |
1085 | |
1086 @defun x-display-pixel-width | |
1087 This function returns the width of this X screen in pixels. | |
1088 @end defun | |
1089 | |
1090 @defun x-display-mm-width | |
1091 This function returns the width of this X screen in millimeters. | |
1092 @end defun | |
1093 | |
1094 @defun x-display-backing-store | |
1095 This function returns the backing store capability of this screen. | |
1096 Values can be the symbols @code{always}, @code{when-mapped}, or | |
1097 @code{not-useful}. | |
1098 @end defun | |
1099 | |
1100 @defun x-display-save-under | |
1101 This function returns non-@code{nil} if this X screen supports the | |
1102 SaveUnder feature. | |
1103 @end defun | |
1104 | |
1105 @defun x-display-planes | |
1106 This function returns the number of planes this display supports. | |
1107 @end defun | |
1108 | |
1109 @defun x-display-visual-class | |
1110 This function returns the visual class for this X screen. The value is | |
1111 one of the symbols @code{static-gray}, @code{gray-scale}, | |
1112 @code{static-color}, @code{pseudo-color}, @code{true-color}, and | |
1113 @code{direct-color}. | |
1114 @end defun | |
1115 | |
1116 @defun x-display-color-p | |
1117 This function returns @code{t} if the X screen in use is a color | |
1118 screen. | |
1119 @end defun | |
1120 | |
1121 @defun x-display-color-cells | |
1122 This function returns the number of color cells this X screen supports. | |
1123 @end defun | |
1124 | |
1125 @ignore | |
1126 @defvar x-no-window-manager | |
1127 This variable's value is is @code{t} if no X window manager is in use. | |
1128 @end defvar | |
1129 @end ignore | |
1130 | |
1131 @ignore | |
1132 @item | |
1133 The functions @code{x-pixel-width} and @code{x-pixel-height} return the | |
1134 width and height of an X Window frame, measured in pixels. | |
1135 @end ignore |