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annotate man/frames.texi @ 29536:4def8a9e785a
* xterm.c (x_connection_closed): If dpyinfo is NULL, don't try to
access the data it doesn't point to.
author | Ken Raeburn <raeburn@raeburn.org> |
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date | Fri, 09 Jun 2000 16:13:11 +0000 |
parents | 203ba1f77b7b |
children | b64123677c0b |
rev | line source |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
28126 | 2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 97, 99, 2000 |
3 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
25829 | 4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
5 @node Frames, International, Windows, Top | |
6 @chapter Frames and X Windows | |
7 @cindex frames | |
8 | |
9 When using the X Window System, you can create multiple windows at the | |
10 X level in a single Emacs session. Each X window that belongs to Emacs | |
11 displays a @dfn{frame} which can contain one or several Emacs windows. | |
12 A frame initially contains a single general-purpose Emacs window which | |
13 you can subdivide vertically or horizontally into smaller windows. A | |
14 frame normally contains its own echo area and minibuffer, but you can | |
15 make frames that don't have these---they use the echo area and | |
16 minibuffer of another frame. | |
17 | |
18 Editing you do in one frame also affects the other frames. For | |
19 instance, if you put text in the kill ring in one frame, you can yank it | |
20 in another frame. If you exit Emacs through @kbd{C-x C-c} in one frame, | |
21 it terminates all the frames. To delete just one frame, use @kbd{C-x 5 | |
22 0}. | |
23 | |
24 To avoid confusion, we reserve the word ``window'' for the | |
25 subdivisions that Emacs implements, and never use it to refer to a | |
26 frame. | |
27 | |
28 Emacs compiled for MS-DOS emulates some aspects of the window system | |
29 so that you can use many of the features described in this chapter. | |
30 @xref{MS-DOS Input}, for more information. | |
31 | |
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32 @cindex MS Windows |
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33 Emacs compiled for MS Windows mostly supports the same features as |
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34 under X. |
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35 |
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36 Features which rely on text in multiple faces (such as Font Lock mode) |
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37 will also work on non-windowed terminals that can display more than one |
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38 face, whether by colors or underlining and emboldening, such as the |
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39 Linux console. Emacs determines automatically whether the terminal has |
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40 such support. |
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41 |
25829 | 42 @menu |
43 * Mouse Commands:: Moving, cutting, and pasting, with the mouse. | |
44 * Secondary Selection:: Cutting without altering point and mark. | |
45 * Mouse References:: Using the mouse to select an item from a list. | |
46 * Menu Mouse Clicks:: Mouse clicks that bring up menus. | |
47 * Mode Line Mouse:: Mouse clicks on the mode line. | |
48 * Speedbar:: How to make and use a speedbar frame. | |
49 * Creating Frames:: Creating additional Emacs frames with various contents. | |
50 * Multiple Displays:: How one Emacs job can talk to several displays. | |
51 * Special Buffer Frames:: You can make certain buffers have their own frames. | |
52 * Frame Parameters:: Changing the colors and other modes of frames. | |
53 * Scroll Bars:: How to enable and disable scroll bars; how to use them. | |
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54 * Wheeled Mice:: Using mouse wheels for scrolling. |
25829 | 55 * Menu Bars:: Enabling and disabling the menu bar. |
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56 @c * Tool Bars:: Enabling and disabling the tool bar. |
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57 * Dialog Boxes:: Controlling use of dialog boxes. |
25829 | 58 * Faces:: How to change the display style using faces. |
59 * Font Lock:: Minor mode for syntactic highlighting using faces. | |
60 * Support Modes:: Font Lock support modes make Font Lock faster. | |
61 * Highlight Changes:: Using colors to show where you changed the buffer. | |
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62 * Trailing Whitespace:: Showing possibly-spurious trailing whitespace. |
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63 * Tooltips:: Showing `tooltips', AKA `ballon help' for active text. |
28124 | 64 * Mouse Avoidance:: Moving the mouse pointer out of the way. |
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65 * Misc X:: Iconifying and deleting frames. |
25829 | 66 * Non-Window Terminals:: Multiple frames on terminals that show only one. |
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67 * XTerm Mouse:: Using the mouse in an XTerm terminal emulator. |
25829 | 68 @end menu |
69 | |
70 @node Mouse Commands | |
71 @section Mouse Commands for Editing | |
72 @cindex mouse buttons (what they do) | |
73 | |
74 The mouse commands for selecting and copying a region are mostly | |
75 compatible with the @code{xterm} program. You can use the same mouse | |
76 commands for copying between Emacs and other X client programs. | |
77 | |
78 @kindex DELETE | |
79 If you select a region with any of these mouse commands, and then | |
80 immediately afterward type the @key{DELETE} function key, it deletes the | |
81 region that you selected. The @key{BACKSPACE} function key and the | |
82 ASCII character @key{DEL} do not do this; if you type any other key | |
83 in between the mouse command and @key{DELETE}, it does not do this. | |
84 | |
85 @findex mouse-set-region | |
86 @findex mouse-set-point | |
87 @findex mouse-yank-at-click | |
88 @findex mouse-save-then-click | |
89 @kindex Mouse-1 | |
90 @kindex Mouse-2 | |
91 @kindex Mouse-3 | |
92 @table @kbd | |
93 @item Mouse-1 | |
94 Move point to where you click (@code{mouse-set-point}). | |
95 This is normally the left button. | |
96 | |
97 @item Drag-Mouse-1 | |
98 Set the region to the text you select by dragging, and copy it to the | |
99 kill ring (@code{mouse-set-region}). You can specify both ends of the | |
100 region with this single command. | |
101 | |
102 @vindex mouse-scroll-min-lines | |
103 If you move the mouse off the top or bottom of the window while | |
104 dragging, the window scrolls at a steady rate until you move the mouse | |
105 back into the window. This way, you can select regions that don't fit | |
106 entirely on the screen. The number of lines scrolled per step depends | |
107 on how far away from the window edge the mouse has gone; the variable | |
108 @code{mouse-scroll-min-lines} specifies a minimum step size. | |
109 | |
110 @item Mouse-2 | |
111 Yank the last killed text, where you click (@code{mouse-yank-at-click}). | |
112 This is normally the middle button. | |
113 | |
114 @item Mouse-3 | |
115 This command, @code{mouse-save-then-kill}, has several functions | |
116 depending on where you click and the status of the region. | |
117 | |
118 The most basic case is when you click @kbd{Mouse-1} in one place and | |
119 then @kbd{Mouse-3} in another. This selects the text between those two | |
120 positions as the region. It also copies the new region to the kill | |
121 ring, so that you can copy it to someplace else. | |
122 | |
123 If you click @kbd{Mouse-1} in the text, scroll with the scroll bar, and | |
124 then click @kbd{Mouse-3}, it remembers where point was before scrolling | |
125 (where you put it with @kbd{Mouse-1}), and uses that position as the | |
126 other end of the region. This is so that you can select a region that | |
127 doesn't fit entirely on the screen. | |
128 | |
129 More generally, if you do not have a highlighted region, @kbd{Mouse-3} | |
130 selects the text between point and the click position as the region. It | |
131 does this by setting the mark where point was, and moving point to where | |
132 you click. | |
133 | |
134 If you have a highlighted region, or if the region was set just before | |
135 by dragging button 1, @kbd{Mouse-3} adjusts the nearer end of the region | |
136 by moving it to where you click. The adjusted region's text also | |
137 replaces the old region's text in the kill ring. | |
138 | |
139 If you originally specified the region using a double or triple | |
140 @kbd{Mouse-1}, so that the region is defined to consist of entire words | |
141 or lines, then adjusting the region with @kbd{Mouse-3} also proceeds by | |
142 entire words or lines. | |
143 | |
144 If you use @kbd{Mouse-3} a second time consecutively, at the same place, | |
145 that kills the region already selected. | |
146 | |
147 @item Double-Mouse-1 | |
148 This key sets the region around the word which you click on. If you | |
149 click on a character with ``symbol'' syntax (such as underscore, in C | |
150 mode), it sets the region around the symbol surrounding that character. | |
151 | |
152 If you click on a character with open-parenthesis or close-parenthesis | |
153 syntax, it sets the region around the parenthetical grouping (sexp) | |
154 which that character starts or ends. If you click on a character with | |
155 string-delimiter syntax (such as a singlequote or doublequote in C), it | |
156 sets the region around the string constant (using heuristics to figure | |
157 out whether that character is the beginning or the end of it). | |
158 | |
159 @item Double-Drag-Mouse-1 | |
160 This key selects a region made up of the words you drag across. | |
161 | |
162 @item Triple-Mouse-1 | |
163 This key sets the region around the line you click on. | |
164 | |
165 @item Triple-Drag-Mouse-1 | |
166 This key selects a region made up of the lines you drag across. | |
167 @end table | |
168 | |
169 The simplest way to kill text with the mouse is to press @kbd{Mouse-1} | |
170 at one end, then press @kbd{Mouse-3} twice at the other end. | |
171 @xref{Killing}. To copy the text into the kill ring without deleting it | |
172 from the buffer, press @kbd{Mouse-3} just once---or just drag across the | |
173 text with @kbd{Mouse-1}. Then you can copy it elsewhere by yanking it. | |
174 | |
175 @vindex mouse-yank-at-point | |
176 To yank the killed or copied text somewhere else, move the mouse there | |
177 and press @kbd{Mouse-2}. @xref{Yanking}. However, if | |
178 @code{mouse-yank-at-point} is non-@code{nil}, @kbd{Mouse-2} yanks at | |
179 point. Then it does not matter where you click, or even which of the | |
180 frame's windows you click on. The default value is @code{nil}. This | |
181 variable also affects yanking the secondary selection. | |
182 | |
183 @cindex cutting and X | |
184 @cindex pasting and X | |
185 @cindex X cutting and pasting | |
186 To copy text to another X window, kill it or save it in the kill ring. | |
187 Under X, this also sets the @dfn{primary selection}. Then use the | |
188 ``paste'' or ``yank'' command of the program operating the other window | |
189 to insert the text from the selection. | |
190 | |
191 To copy text from another X window, use the ``cut'' or ``copy'' command | |
192 of the program operating the other window, to select the text you want. | |
193 Then yank it in Emacs with @kbd{C-y} or @kbd{Mouse-2}. | |
194 | |
195 These cutting and pasting commands also work on MS-Windows. | |
196 | |
197 @cindex primary selection | |
198 @cindex cut buffer | |
199 @cindex selection, primary | |
200 @vindex x-cut-buffer-max | |
201 When Emacs puts text into the kill ring, or rotates text to the front | |
202 of the kill ring, it sets the @dfn{primary selection} in the X server. | |
203 This is how other X clients can access the text. Emacs also stores the | |
204 text in the cut buffer, but only if the text is short enough | |
205 (@code{x-cut-buffer-max} specifies the maximum number of characters); | |
206 putting long strings in the cut buffer can be slow. | |
207 | |
208 The commands to yank the first entry in the kill ring actually check | |
209 first for a primary selection in another program; after that, they check | |
210 for text in the cut buffer. If neither of those sources provides text | |
211 to yank, the kill ring contents are used. | |
212 | |
213 @node Secondary Selection | |
214 @section Secondary Selection | |
215 @cindex secondary selection | |
216 | |
217 The @dfn{secondary selection} is another way of selecting text using | |
218 X. It does not use point or the mark, so you can use it to kill text | |
219 without setting point or the mark. | |
220 | |
221 @table @kbd | |
222 @findex mouse-set-secondary | |
223 @kindex M-Drag-Mouse-1 | |
224 @item M-Drag-Mouse-1 | |
225 Set the secondary selection, with one end at the place where you press | |
226 down the button, and the other end at the place where you release it | |
227 (@code{mouse-set-secondary}). The highlighting appears and changes as | |
228 you drag. | |
229 | |
230 If you move the mouse off the top or bottom of the window while | |
231 dragging, the window scrolls at a steady rate until you move the mouse | |
232 back into the window. This way, you can mark regions that don't fit | |
233 entirely on the screen. | |
234 | |
235 @findex mouse-start-secondary | |
236 @kindex M-Mouse-1 | |
237 @item M-Mouse-1 | |
238 Set one endpoint for the @dfn{secondary selection} | |
239 (@code{mouse-start-secondary}). | |
240 | |
241 @findex mouse-secondary-save-then-kill | |
242 @kindex M-Mouse-3 | |
243 @item M-Mouse-3 | |
244 Make a secondary selection, using the place specified with @kbd{M-Mouse-1} | |
245 as the other end (@code{mouse-secondary-save-then-kill}). A second click | |
246 at the same place kills the secondary selection just made. | |
247 | |
248 @findex mouse-yank-secondary | |
249 @kindex M-Mouse-2 | |
250 @item M-Mouse-2 | |
251 Insert the secondary selection where you click | |
252 (@code{mouse-yank-secondary}). This places point at the end of the | |
253 yanked text. | |
254 @end table | |
255 | |
256 Double or triple clicking of @kbd{M-Mouse-1} operates on words and | |
257 lines, much like @kbd{Mouse-1}. | |
258 | |
259 If @code{mouse-yank-at-point} is non-@code{nil}, @kbd{M-Mouse-2} | |
260 yanks at point. Then it does not matter precisely where you click; all | |
261 that matters is which window you click on. @xref{Mouse Commands}. | |
262 | |
263 @node Mouse References | |
264 @section Following References with the Mouse | |
265 @kindex Mouse-2 @r{(selection)} | |
266 | |
267 Some Emacs buffers display lists of various sorts. These include | |
268 lists of files, of buffers, of possible completions, of matches for | |
269 a pattern, and so on. | |
270 | |
271 Since yanking text into these buffers is not very useful, most of them | |
272 define @kbd{Mouse-2} specially, as a command to use or view the item you | |
273 click on. | |
274 | |
275 For example, if you click @kbd{Mouse-2} on a file name in a Dired | |
276 buffer, you visit that file. If you click @kbd{Mouse-2} on an error | |
277 message in the @samp{*Compilation*} buffer, you go to the source code | |
278 for that error message. If you click @kbd{Mouse-2} on a completion in | |
279 the @samp{*Completions*} buffer, you choose that completion. | |
280 | |
281 You can usually tell when @kbd{Mouse-2} has this special sort of | |
282 meaning because the sensitive text highlights when you move the mouse | |
283 over it. | |
284 | |
285 @node Menu Mouse Clicks | |
286 @section Mouse Clicks for Menus | |
287 | |
288 Mouse clicks modified with the @key{CTRL} and @key{SHIFT} keys | |
289 bring up menus. | |
290 | |
291 @kindex C-Mouse-3 | |
292 @table @kbd | |
293 @item C-Mouse-1 | |
294 This menu is for selecting a buffer. | |
295 | |
296 @item C-Mouse-2 | |
297 This menu is for specifying faces and other text properties | |
298 for editing formatted text. @xref{Formatted Text}. | |
299 | |
300 @item C-Mouse-3 | |
301 This menu is mode-specific. For most modes, this menu has the same | |
302 items as all the mode-specific menu-bar menus put together. Some modes | |
303 may specify a different menu for this button.@footnote{Some systems use | |
304 @kbd{Mouse-3} for a mode-specific menu. We took a survey of users, and | |
305 found they preferred to keep @kbd{Mouse-3} for selecting and killing | |
306 regions. Hence the decision to use @kbd{C-Mouse-3} for this menu.} | |
307 | |
308 @item S-mouse-1 | |
309 This menu is for specifying the frame's principal font. | |
310 @end table | |
311 | |
312 @node Mode Line Mouse | |
313 @section Mode Line Mouse Commands | |
314 | |
315 You can use mouse clicks on window mode lines to select and manipulate | |
316 windows. | |
317 | |
318 @table @kbd | |
319 @item Mouse-1 | |
320 @kbd{Mouse-1} on a mode line selects the window above. By dragging | |
321 @kbd{Mouse-1} on the mode line, you can move it, thus changing the | |
322 height of the windows above and below. | |
323 | |
324 @item Mouse-2 | |
325 @kbd{Mouse-2} on a mode line expands that window to fill its frame. | |
326 | |
327 @item Mouse-3 | |
328 @kbd{Mouse-3} on a mode line deletes the window above. | |
329 | |
330 @item C-Mouse-2 | |
331 @kbd{C-Mouse-2} on a mode line splits the window above | |
332 horizontally, above the place in the mode line where you click. | |
333 @end table | |
334 | |
335 @kbd{C-Mouse-2} on a scroll bar splits the corresponding window | |
336 vertically. @xref{Split Window}. | |
337 | |
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338 The commands above apply to areas of the mode line which do not have |
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339 mouse bindings of their own. Normally some areas, such as those |
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340 displaying the buffer name and the major mode name, have their own mouse |
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341 bindings. Help on these bindings is echoed when the mouse is positioned |
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342 over them. |
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343 |
25829 | 344 @node Creating Frames |
345 @section Creating Frames | |
346 @cindex creating frames | |
347 | |
348 @kindex C-x 5 | |
349 The prefix key @kbd{C-x 5} is analogous to @kbd{C-x 4}, with parallel | |
350 subcommands. The difference is that @kbd{C-x 5} commands create a new | |
351 frame rather than just a new window in the selected frame (@pxref{Pop | |
352 Up Window}). If an existing visible or iconified frame already displays | |
353 the requested material, these commands use the existing frame, after | |
354 raising or deiconifying as necessary. | |
355 | |
356 The various @kbd{C-x 5} commands differ in how they find or create the | |
357 buffer to select: | |
358 | |
359 @table @kbd | |
360 @item C-x 5 2 | |
361 @kindex C-x 5 2 | |
362 @findex make-frame-command | |
363 Create a new frame (@code{make-frame-command}). | |
364 @item C-x 5 b @var{bufname} @key{RET} | |
365 Select buffer @var{bufname} in another frame. This runs | |
366 @code{switch-to-buffer-other-frame}. | |
367 @item C-x 5 f @var{filename} @key{RET} | |
368 Visit file @var{filename} and select its buffer in another frame. This | |
369 runs @code{find-file-other-frame}. @xref{Visiting}. | |
370 @item C-x 5 d @var{directory} @key{RET} | |
371 Select a Dired buffer for directory @var{directory} in another frame. | |
372 This runs @code{dired-other-frame}. @xref{Dired}. | |
373 @item C-x 5 m | |
374 Start composing a mail message in another frame. This runs | |
375 @code{mail-other-frame}. It is the other-frame variant of @kbd{C-x m}. | |
376 @xref{Sending Mail}. | |
377 @item C-x 5 . | |
378 Find a tag in the current tag table in another frame. This runs | |
379 @code{find-tag-other-frame}, the multiple-frame variant of @kbd{M-.}. | |
380 @xref{Tags}. | |
381 @item C-x 5 r @var{filename} @key{RET} | |
382 @kindex C-x 5 r | |
383 @findex find-file-read-only-other-frame | |
384 Visit file @var{filename} read-only, and select its buffer in another | |
385 frame. This runs @code{find-file-read-only-other-frame}. | |
386 @xref{Visiting}. | |
387 @end table | |
388 | |
389 @cindex default-frame-alist | |
390 @cindex initial-frame-alist | |
391 You can control the appearance of new frames you create by setting the | |
392 frame parameters in @code{default-frame-alist}. You can use the | |
393 variable @code{initial-frame-alist} to specify parameters that affect | |
394 only the initial frame. @xref{Initial Parameters,,, elisp, The Emacs | |
395 Lisp Reference Manual}, for more information. | |
396 | |
397 @cindex font (default) | |
398 The easiest way to specify the principal font for all your Emacs | |
399 frames is with an X resource (@pxref{Font X}), but you can also do it by | |
400 modifying @code{default-frame-alist} to specify the @code{font} | |
401 parameter, as shown here: | |
402 | |
403 @example | |
404 (add-to-list 'default-frame-alist '(font . "10x20")) | |
405 @end example | |
406 | |
407 @node Speedbar | |
408 @section Making and Using a Speedbar Frame | |
409 @cindex speedbar | |
410 | |
411 An Emacs frame can have a @dfn{speedbar}, which is a vertical window | |
412 that serves as a scrollable menu of files you could visit and tags | |
413 within those files. To create a speedbar, type @kbd{M-x speedbar}; this | |
414 creates a speedbar window for the selected frame. From then on, you can | |
415 click on a file name in the speedbar to visit that file in the | |
416 corresponding Emacs frame, or click on a tag name to jump to that tag in | |
417 the Emacs frame. | |
418 | |
419 Initially the speedbar lists the immediate contents of the current | |
420 directory, one file per line. Each line also has a box, @samp{[+]} or | |
421 @samp{<+>}, that you can click on with @kbd{Mouse-2} to ``open up'' the | |
422 contents of that item. If the line names a directory, opening it adds | |
423 the contents of that directory to the speedbar display, underneath the | |
424 directory's own line. If the line lists an ordinary file, opening it up | |
425 adds a list of the tags in that file to the speedbar display. When a | |
426 file is opened up, the @samp{[+]} changes to @samp{[-]}; you can click | |
427 on that box to ``close up'' that file (hide its contents). | |
428 | |
429 Some major modes, including Rmail mode, Info, and GUD, have | |
430 specialized ways of putting useful items into the speedbar for you to | |
431 select. For example, in Rmail mode, the speedbar shows a list of Rmail | |
432 files, and lets you move the current message to another Rmail file by | |
433 clicking on its @samp{<M>} box. | |
434 | |
435 A speedbar belongs to one Emacs frame, and always operates on that | |
436 frame. If you use multiple frames, you can make a speedbar for some or | |
437 all of the frames; type @kbd{M-x speedbar} in any given frame to make a | |
438 speedbar for it. | |
439 | |
440 @node Multiple Displays | |
441 @section Multiple Displays | |
442 @cindex multiple displays | |
443 | |
444 A single Emacs can talk to more than one X Windows display. | |
445 Initially, Emacs uses just one display---the one specified with the | |
29107 | 446 @env{DISPLAY} environment variable or with the @samp{--display} option |
25829 | 447 (@pxref{Initial Options}). To connect to another display, use the |
448 command @code{make-frame-on-display}: | |
449 | |
450 @findex make-frame-on-display | |
451 @table @kbd | |
452 @item M-x make-frame-on-display @key{RET} @var{display} @key{RET} | |
453 Create a new frame on display @var{display}. | |
454 @end table | |
455 | |
456 A single X server can handle more than one screen. When you open | |
457 frames on two screens belonging to one server, Emacs knows they share a | |
458 single keyboard, and it treats all the commands arriving from these | |
459 screens as a single stream of input. | |
460 | |
461 When you open frames on different X servers, Emacs makes a separate | |
462 input stream for each server. This way, two users can type | |
463 simultaneously on the two displays, and Emacs will not garble their | |
464 input. Each server also has its own selected frame. The commands you | |
465 enter with a particular X server apply to that server's selected frame. | |
466 | |
467 Despite these features, people using the same Emacs job from different | |
468 displays can still interfere with each other if they are not careful. | |
469 For example, if any one types @kbd{C-x C-c}, that exits the Emacs job | |
470 for all of them! | |
471 | |
472 @node Special Buffer Frames | |
473 @section Special Buffer Frames | |
474 | |
475 @vindex special-display-buffer-names | |
476 You can make certain chosen buffers, for which Emacs normally creates | |
477 a second window when you have just one window, appear in special frames | |
478 of their own. To do this, set the variable | |
479 @code{special-display-buffer-names} to a list of buffer names; any | |
480 buffer whose name is in that list automatically gets a special frame, | |
481 when an Emacs command wants to display it ``in another window.'' | |
482 | |
483 For example, if you set the variable this way, | |
484 | |
485 @example | |
486 (setq special-display-buffer-names | |
487 '("*Completions*" "*grep*" "*tex-shell*")) | |
488 @end example | |
489 | |
490 @noindent | |
491 then completion lists, @code{grep} output and the @TeX{} mode shell | |
492 buffer get individual frames of their own. These frames, and the | |
493 windows in them, are never automatically split or reused for any other | |
494 buffers. They continue to show the buffers they were created for, | |
495 unless you alter them by hand. Killing the special buffer deletes its | |
496 frame automatically. | |
497 | |
498 @vindex special-display-regexps | |
499 More generally, you can set @code{special-display-regexps} to a list | |
500 of regular expressions; then a buffer gets its own frame if its name | |
501 matches any of those regular expressions. (Once again, this applies only | |
502 to buffers that normally get displayed for you in a separate window.) | |
503 | |
504 @vindex special-display-frame-alist | |
505 The variable @code{special-display-frame-alist} specifies the frame | |
506 parameters for these frames. It has a default value, so you don't need | |
507 to set it. | |
508 | |
509 For those who know Lisp, an element of | |
510 @code{special-display-buffer-names} or @code{special-display-regexps} | |
511 can also be a list. Then the first element is the buffer name or | |
512 regular expression; the rest of the list specifies how to create the | |
513 frame. It can be an association list specifying frame parameter values; | |
514 these values take precedence over parameter values specified in | |
515 @code{special-display-frame-alist}. Alternatively, it can have this | |
516 form: | |
517 | |
518 @example | |
519 (@var{function} @var{args}...) | |
520 @end example | |
521 | |
522 @noindent | |
523 where @var{function} is a symbol. Then the frame is constructed by | |
524 calling @var{function}; its first argument is the buffer, and its | |
525 remaining arguments are @var{args}. | |
526 | |
527 An analogous feature lets you specify buffers which should be | |
528 displayed in the selected window. @xref{Force Same Window}. The | |
529 same-window feature takes precedence over the special-frame feature; | |
530 therefore, if you add a buffer name to | |
531 @code{special-display-buffer-names} and it has no effect, check to see | |
532 whether that feature is also in use for the same buffer name. | |
533 | |
534 @node Frame Parameters | |
535 @section Setting Frame Parameters | |
536 @cindex colors | |
537 @cindex Auto-Raise mode | |
538 @cindex Auto-Lower mode | |
539 | |
540 This section describes commands for altering the display style and | |
541 window management behavior of the selected frame. | |
542 | |
543 @findex set-foreground-color | |
544 @findex set-background-color | |
545 @findex set-cursor-color | |
546 @findex set-mouse-color | |
547 @findex set-border-color | |
548 @findex auto-raise-mode | |
549 @findex auto-lower-mode | |
550 @table @kbd | |
551 @item M-x set-foreground-color @key{RET} @var{color} @key{RET} | |
552 Specify color @var{color} for the foreground of the selected frame. | |
553 (This also changes the foreground color of the default face.) | |
554 | |
555 @item M-x set-background-color @key{RET} @var{color} @key{RET} | |
556 Specify color @var{color} for the background of the selected frame. | |
557 (This also changes the background color of the default face.) | |
558 | |
559 @item M-x set-cursor-color @key{RET} @var{color} @key{RET} | |
560 Specify color @var{color} for the cursor of the selected frame. | |
561 | |
562 @item M-x set-mouse-color @key{RET} @var{color} @key{RET} | |
563 Specify color @var{color} for the mouse cursor when it is over the | |
564 selected frame. | |
565 | |
566 @item M-x set-border-color @key{RET} @var{color} @key{RET} | |
567 Specify color @var{color} for the border of the selected frame. | |
568 | |
569 @item M-x list-colors-display | |
570 Display the defined color names and show what the colors look like. | |
571 This command is somewhat slow. | |
572 | |
573 @item M-x auto-raise-mode | |
574 Toggle whether or not the selected frame should auto-raise. Auto-raise | |
575 means that every time you move the mouse onto the frame, it raises the | |
576 frame. | |
577 | |
578 Note that this auto-raise feature is implemented by Emacs itself. Some | |
579 window managers also implement auto-raise. If you enable auto-raise for | |
580 Emacs frames in your X window manager, it should work, but it is beyond | |
581 Emacs's control and therefore @code{auto-raise-mode} has no effect on | |
582 it. | |
583 | |
584 @item M-x auto-lower-mode | |
585 Toggle whether or not the selected frame should auto-lower. | |
586 Auto-lower means that every time you move the mouse off the frame, | |
587 the frame moves to the bottom of the stack of X windows. | |
588 | |
589 The command @code{auto-lower-mode} has no effect on auto-lower | |
590 implemented by the X window manager. To control that, you must use | |
591 the appropriate window manager features. | |
592 | |
593 @findex set-frame-font | |
594 @item M-x set-frame-font @key{RET} @var{font} @key{RET} | |
595 @cindex font (principal) | |
596 Specify font @var{font} as the principal font for the selected frame. | |
597 The principal font controls several face attributes of the | |
598 @code{default} face (@pxref{Faces}). For example, if the principal font | |
599 has a height of 12 pt, all text will be drawn in 12 pt fonts, unless you | |
600 use another face that specifies a different height. @xref{Font X}, for | |
601 ways to list the available fonts on your system. | |
602 | |
603 @kindex S-Mouse-1 | |
604 You can also set a frame's principal font through a pop-up menu. | |
605 Press @kbd{S-Mouse-1} to activate this menu. | |
606 @end table | |
607 | |
608 In Emacs versions that use an X toolkit, the color-setting and | |
609 font-setting functions don't affect menus and the menu bar, since they | |
610 are displayed by their own widget classes. To change the appearance of | |
611 the menus and menu bar, you must use X resources (@pxref{Resources X}). | |
612 @xref{Colors X}, regarding colors. @xref{Font X}, regarding choice of | |
613 font. | |
614 | |
615 For information on frame parameters and customization, see @ref{Frame | |
616 Parameters,,, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}. | |
617 | |
618 @node Scroll Bars | |
619 @section Scroll Bars | |
620 @cindex Scroll Bar mode | |
621 @cindex mode, Scroll Bar | |
622 | |
623 When using X, Emacs normally makes a @dfn{scroll bar} at the left of | |
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624 each Emacs window.@footnote{Placing it at the left is usually more |
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625 useful with overlapping frames with text starting at the left margin.} |
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626 The scroll bar runs the height of the window, and shows a moving |
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627 rectangular inner box which represents the portion of the buffer |
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628 currently displayed. The entire height of the scroll bar represents the |
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629 entire length of the buffer. |
25829 | 630 |
631 You can use @kbd{Mouse-2} (normally, the middle button) in the scroll | |
632 bar to move or drag the inner box up and down. If you move it to the | |
633 top of the scroll bar, you see the top of the buffer. If you move it to | |
634 the bottom of the scroll bar, you see the bottom of the buffer. | |
635 | |
636 The left and right buttons in the scroll bar scroll by controlled | |
637 increments. @kbd{Mouse-1} (normally, the left button) moves the line at | |
638 the level where you click up to the top of the window. @kbd{Mouse-3} | |
639 (normally, the right button) moves the line at the top of the window | |
640 down to the level where you click. By clicking repeatedly in the same | |
641 place, you can scroll by the same distance over and over. | |
642 | |
643 Aside from scrolling, you can also click @kbd{C-Mouse-2} in the scroll | |
644 bar to split a window vertically. The split occurs on the line where | |
645 you click. | |
646 | |
647 @findex scroll-bar-mode | |
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648 @vindex scroll-bar-mode |
25829 | 649 You can enable or disable Scroll Bar mode with the command @kbd{M-x |
650 scroll-bar-mode}. With no argument, it toggles the use of scroll bars. | |
651 With an argument, it turns use of scroll bars on if and only if the | |
652 argument is positive. This command applies to all frames, including | |
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653 frames yet to be created. Customize the option @code{scroll-bar-mode} |
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654 to control the use of scroll bars at startup. You can use it to specify |
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655 that they are placed at the right of windows if you prefer that. You |
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656 can use the X resource @samp{verticalScrollBars} to control the initial |
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657 setting of Scroll Bar mode similarly. @xref{Resources X}. |
25829 | 658 |
659 @findex toggle-scroll-bar | |
660 To enable or disable scroll bars for just the selected frame, use the | |
661 @kbd{M-x toggle-scroll-bar} command. | |
662 | |
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663 @node Wheeled Mice |
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664 @section Scrolling With `Wheeled' Mice |
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665 |
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666 @cindex mouse wheel |
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667 @findex mwheel-install |
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668 Some mice have a `wheel' instead of a third button. You can usually |
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669 click the wheel to act as @kbd{mouse-3}. You can also use the wheel to |
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670 scroll windows instead of using the scroll bar or keyboard commands. |
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671 Use @kbd{M-x mwheel-install} to set up the wheel for scrolling or put |
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672 @samp{(require 'mwheel)} in your @file{.emacs}. (Support for the wheel |
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673 depends on the window system generating appropriate events for Emacs.) |
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674 |
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675 @vindex mwheel-follow-mouse |
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676 @vindex mwheel-scroll-amount |
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677 The variables @code{mwheel-follow-mouse} and @code{mwheel-scroll-amount} |
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678 determine where and by how much buffers are scrolled. |
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679 |
25829 | 680 @node Menu Bars |
681 @section Menu Bars | |
682 @cindex Menu Bar mode | |
683 @cindex mode, Menu Bar | |
684 | |
685 You can turn display of menu bars on or off with @kbd{M-x | |
686 menu-bar-mode}. With no argument, this command toggles Menu Bar mode, a | |
687 minor mode. With an argument, the command turns Menu Bar mode on if the | |
688 argument is positive, off if the argument is not positive. You can use | |
689 the X resource @samp{menuBarLines} to control the initial setting of | |
690 Menu Bar mode. @xref{Resources X}. Expert users often turn off the | |
691 menu bar, especially on text-only terminals, where this makes one | |
692 additional line available for text. | |
693 | |
694 @xref{Menu Bar}, for information on how to invoke commands with the | |
695 menu bar. | |
696 | |
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697 @c Presumably not useful until we make toolbar items. |
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698 @c @node Tool Bars |
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699 @c @section Tool Bars |
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700 @c @cindex Tool Bar mode |
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701 @c @cindex mode, Tool Bar |
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702 |
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703 @c You can turn display of tool bars on or off with @kbd{M-x |
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704 @c tool-bar-mode}. With no argument, this command toggles Tool Bar mode, a |
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705 @c minor mode. With an argument, the command turns Tool Bar mode on if the |
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706 @c argument is positive, off if the argument is not positive. |
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707 |
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708 @node Dialog Boxes |
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709 @section Using Dialog Boxes |
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710 @cindex dialog boxes |
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711 |
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712 @vindex use-dialog-box |
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713 Certain operations invoked from menus will use a window system dialog |
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714 box to get information via the mouse if such dialog boxes are supported. |
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715 This includes yes/no questions and file selection under Motif/LessTif |
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716 and MS Windows. Customize the option @code{use-dialog-box} to suppress |
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717 the use of dialog boxes. |
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718 |
25829 | 719 @node Faces |
720 @section Using Multiple Typefaces | |
721 @cindex faces | |
722 | |
723 When using Emacs with X, you can set up multiple styles of displaying | |
724 characters. The aspects of style that you can control are the type | |
725 font, the foreground color, the background color, and whether to | |
726 underline. Emacs on MS-DOS supports faces partially by letting you | |
727 control the foreground and background colors of each face | |
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728 (@pxref{MS-DOS}). On non-windowed terminals faces are supported to the |
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729 extent the terminal can display them. |
25829 | 730 |
731 The way you control display style is by defining named @dfn{faces}. | |
732 Each face can specify a type font, a foreground color, a background | |
733 color, and an underline flag; but it does not have to specify all of | |
734 them. Then by specifying the face or faces to use for a given part | |
735 of the text in the buffer, you control how that text appears. | |
736 | |
737 The style of display used for a given character in the text is | |
738 determined by combining several faces. Any aspect of the display style | |
739 that isn't specified by overlays or text properties comes from the frame | |
740 itself. | |
741 | |
742 Enriched mode, the mode for editing formatted text, includes several | |
743 commands and menus for specifying faces. @xref{Format Faces}, for how | |
744 to specify the font for text in the buffer. @xref{Format Colors}, for | |
745 how to specify the foreground and background color. | |
746 | |
747 To alter the appearance of a face, use the customization buffer. | |
748 @xref{Face Customization}. You can also use X resources to specify | |
749 attributes of particular faces (@pxref{Resources X}). | |
750 | |
751 @findex list-faces-display | |
752 To see what faces are currently defined, and what they look like, type | |
753 @kbd{M-x list-faces-display}. It's possible for a given face to look | |
754 different in different frames; this command shows the appearance in the | |
755 frame in which you type it. Here's a list of the standardly defined | |
756 faces: | |
757 | |
758 @table @code | |
759 @item default | |
760 This face is used for ordinary text that doesn't specify any other face. | |
761 @item modeline | |
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762 This face is used for mode lines. By default, it's drawn with shadows |
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763 for a `raised' effect under X and set up as the inverse of the default |
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764 face on non-windowed terminals. @xref{Display Vars}. |
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765 @item header-line |
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766 Similar to @code{modeline} for a window's header line. |
25829 | 767 @item highlight |
768 This face is used for highlighting portions of text, in various modes. | |
769 @item region | |
770 This face is used for displaying a selected region (when Transient Mark | |
771 mode is enabled---see below). | |
772 @item secondary-selection | |
773 This face is used for displaying a secondary selection (@pxref{Secondary | |
774 Selection}). | |
775 @item bold | |
776 This face uses a bold variant of the default font, if it has one. | |
777 @item italic | |
778 This face uses an italic variant of the default font, if it has one. | |
779 @item bold-italic | |
780 This face uses a bold italic variant of the default font, if it has one. | |
781 @item underline | |
782 This face underlines text. | |
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783 @item fixed-pitch |
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784 The basic fixed-pitch face. |
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785 @item fringe |
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786 The face for the fringes to the left and right of windows under X. |
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787 @item scroll-bar |
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788 This face determines the colors of the scroll bar. |
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789 @item border |
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790 This face determines the color of the frame border. |
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791 @item cursor |
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792 This face determines the color of the cursor. |
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793 @item mouse |
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794 This face determines the color of the mouse pointer. |
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795 @item tool-bar |
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796 The basic tool-bar face. |
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797 @item menu |
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798 This face determines the colors and font of Emacs's menus. Setting the |
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799 font of LessTif/Motif menus is currently not supported; attempts to set |
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800 the font are ignored in this case. |
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801 @item trailing-whitespace |
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802 The face for highlighting trailing whitespace when |
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803 @code{show-trailing-whitespace} is non-nil. |
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804 @item variable-pitch |
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805 The basic variable-pitch face. |
25829 | 806 @end table |
807 | |
808 @cindex @code{region} face | |
809 When Transient Mark mode is enabled, the text of the region is | |
810 highlighted when the mark is active. This uses the face named | |
811 @code{region}; you can control the style of highlighting by changing the | |
812 style of this face (@pxref{Face Customization}). @xref{Transient Mark}, | |
813 for more information about Transient Mark mode and activation and | |
814 deactivation of the mark. | |
815 | |
816 One easy way to use faces is to turn on Font Lock mode. This minor | |
817 mode, which is always local to a particular buffer, arranges to | |
818 choose faces according to the syntax of the text you are editing. It | |
819 can recognize comments and strings in most languages; in several | |
820 languages, it can also recognize and properly highlight various other | |
821 important constructs. @xref{Font Lock}, for more information about | |
822 Font Lock mode and syntactic highlighting. | |
823 | |
824 You can print out the buffer with the highlighting that appears | |
825 on your screen using the command @code{ps-print-buffer-with-faces}. | |
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826 @xref{PostScript}. |
25829 | 827 |
828 @node Font Lock | |
829 @section Font Lock mode | |
830 @cindex Font Lock mode | |
831 @cindex mode, Font Lock | |
832 @cindex syntax highlighting | |
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833 @cindex syntax coloring |
25829 | 834 |
835 Font Lock mode is a minor mode, always local to a particular | |
836 buffer, which highlights (or ``fontifies'') using various faces | |
837 according to the syntax of the text you are editing. It can | |
838 recognize comments and strings in most languages; in several | |
839 languages, it can also recognize and properly highlight various other | |
840 important constructs---for example, names of functions being defined | |
841 or reserved keywords. | |
842 | |
843 @findex font-lock-mode | |
844 @findex turn-on-font-lock | |
845 The command @kbd{M-x font-lock-mode} turns Font Lock mode on or off | |
846 according to the argument, and toggles the mode when it has no argument. | |
847 The function @code{turn-on-font-lock} unconditionally enables Font Lock | |
848 mode. This is useful in mode-hook functions. For example, to enable | |
849 Font Lock mode whenever you edit a C file, you can do this: | |
850 | |
851 @example | |
852 (add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock) | |
853 @end example | |
854 | |
855 @findex global-font-lock-mode | |
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856 @vindex global-font-lock-mode |
25829 | 857 To turn on Font Lock mode automatically in all modes which support it, |
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858 customize the user option @code{global-font-lock-mode} or use the |
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859 function @code{global-font-lock-mode}, like this: |
25829 | 860 |
861 @example | |
862 (global-font-lock-mode 1) | |
863 @end example | |
864 | |
865 @kindex M-g M-g | |
866 @findex font-lock-fontify-block | |
867 In Font Lock mode, when you edit the text, the highlighting updates | |
868 automatically in the line that you changed. Most changes don't affect | |
869 the highlighting of subsequent lines, but occasionally they do. To | |
870 rehighlight a range of lines, use the command @kbd{M-g M-g} | |
871 (@code{font-lock-fontify-block}). | |
872 | |
873 @vindex font-lock-mark-block-function | |
874 In certain major modes, @kbd{M-g M-g} refontifies the entire current | |
875 function. (The variable @code{font-lock-mark-block-function} controls | |
876 how to find the current function.) In other major modes, @kbd{M-g M-g} | |
877 refontifies 16 lines above and below point. | |
878 | |
879 With a prefix argument @var{n}, @kbd{M-g M-g} refontifies @var{n} | |
880 lines above and below point, regardless of the mode. | |
881 | |
882 To get the full benefit of Font Lock mode, you need to choose a | |
883 default font which has bold, italic, and bold-italic variants; or else | |
884 you need to have a color or gray-scale screen. | |
885 | |
886 @vindex font-lock-maximum-decoration | |
887 The variable @code{font-lock-maximum-decoration} specifies the | |
888 preferred level of fontification, for modes that provide multiple | |
889 levels. Level 1 is the least amount of fontification; some modes | |
890 support levels as high as 3. The normal default is ``as high as | |
891 possible.'' You can specify an integer, which applies to all modes, or | |
892 you can specify different numbers for particular major modes; for | |
893 example, to use level 1 for C/C++ modes, and the default level | |
894 otherwise, use this: | |
895 | |
896 @example | |
897 (setq font-lock-maximum-decoration | |
898 '((c-mode . 1) (c++-mode . 1))) | |
899 @end example | |
900 | |
901 @vindex font-lock-maximum-size | |
902 Fontification can be too slow for large buffers, so you can suppress | |
903 it. The variable @code{font-lock-maximum-size} specifies a buffer size, | |
904 beyond which buffer fontification is suppressed. | |
905 | |
906 @c @w is used below to prevent a bad page-break. | |
907 @vindex font-lock-beginning-of-syntax-function | |
908 Comment and string fontification (or ``syntactic'' fontification) | |
909 relies on analysis of the syntactic structure of the buffer text. For | |
910 the purposes of speed, some modes including C mode and Lisp mode rely on | |
911 a special convention: an open-parenthesis in the leftmost column always | |
912 defines the @w{beginning} of a defun, and is thus always outside any string | |
913 or comment. (@xref{Defuns}.) If you don't follow this convention, | |
914 then Font Lock mode can misfontify the text after an open-parenthesis in | |
915 the leftmost column that is inside a string or comment. | |
916 | |
917 The variable @code{font-lock-beginning-of-syntax-function} (always | |
918 buffer-local) specifies how Font Lock mode can find a position | |
919 guaranteed to be outside any comment or string. In modes which use the | |
920 leftmost column parenthesis convention, the default value of the variable | |
921 is @code{beginning-of-defun}---that tells Font Lock mode to use the | |
922 convention. If you set this variable to @code{nil}, Font Lock no longer | |
923 relies on the convention. This avoids incorrect results, but the price | |
924 is that, in some cases, fontification for a changed text must rescan | |
925 buffer text from the beginning of the buffer. | |
926 | |
927 @findex font-lock-add-keywords | |
928 Font Lock highlighting patterns already exist for many modes, but you | |
929 may want to fontify additional patterns. You can use the function | |
930 @code{font-lock-add-keywords}, to add your own highlighting patterns for | |
931 a particular mode. For example, to highlight @samp{FIXME:} words in C | |
932 comments, use this: | |
933 | |
934 @example | |
935 (font-lock-add-keywords | |
936 'c-mode | |
937 '(("\\<\\(FIXME\\):" 1 font-lock-warning-face t))) | |
938 @end example | |
939 | |
940 @node Support Modes | |
941 @section Font Lock Support Modes | |
942 | |
943 Font Lock support modes make Font Lock mode faster for large buffers. | |
944 There are two support modes: Fast Lock mode and Lazy Lock mode. They | |
945 use two different methods of speeding up Font Lock mode. | |
946 | |
947 @menu | |
948 * Fast Lock Mode:: Saving font information in files. | |
949 * Lazy Lock Mode:: Fontifying only text that is actually displayed. | |
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950 * JIT Lock Mode:: Like Lazy Lock, but generally faster. |
25829 | 951 * Fast or Lazy:: Which support mode is best for you? |
952 @end menu | |
953 | |
954 @node Fast Lock Mode | |
955 @subsection Fast Lock Mode | |
956 | |
957 @cindex Fast Lock mode | |
958 @cindex mode, Fast Lock | |
959 To make Font Lock mode faster for buffers visiting large files, you | |
960 can use Fast Lock mode. Fast Lock mode saves the font information for | |
961 each file in a separate cache file; each time you visit the file, it | |
962 rereads the font information from the cache file instead of refontifying | |
963 the text from scratch. | |
964 | |
965 @findex fast-lock-mode | |
966 The command @kbd{M-x fast-lock-mode} turns Fast Lock mode on or off, | |
967 according to the argument (with no argument, it toggles). You can also | |
968 arrange to enable Fast Lock mode whenever you use Font Lock mode, like | |
969 this: | |
970 | |
971 @example | |
972 (setq font-lock-support-mode 'fast-lock-mode) | |
973 @end example | |
974 | |
975 @vindex fast-lock-minimum-size | |
976 It is not worth writing a cache file for small buffers. Therefore, | |
977 the variable @code{fast-lock-minimum-size} specifies a minimum file size | |
978 for caching font information. | |
979 | |
980 @vindex fast-lock-cache-directories | |
981 The variable @code{fast-lock-cache-directories} specifies where to put | |
982 the cache files. Its value is a list of directories to try; @code{"."} | |
983 means the same directory as the file being edited. The default value is | |
984 @w{@code{("." "~/.emacs-flc")}}, which means to use the same directory if | |
985 possible, and otherwise the directory @file{~/.emacs-flc}. | |
986 | |
987 @vindex fast-lock-save-others | |
988 The variable @code{fast-lock-save-others} specifies whether Fast Lock | |
989 mode should save cache files for files that you do not own. A | |
990 non-@code{nil} value means yes (and that is the default). | |
991 | |
992 @node Lazy Lock Mode | |
993 @subsection Lazy Lock Mode | |
994 @cindex Lazy Lock mode | |
995 @cindex mode, Lazy Lock | |
996 | |
997 To make Font Lock mode faster for large buffers, you can use Lazy Lock | |
998 mode to reduce the amount of text that is fontified. In Lazy Lock mode, | |
999 buffer fontification is demand-driven; it happens to portions of the | |
1000 buffer that are about to be displayed. And fontification of your | |
1001 changes is deferred; it happens only when Emacs has been idle for a | |
1002 certain short period of time. | |
1003 | |
1004 @findex lazy-lock-mode | |
1005 The command @kbd{M-x lazy-lock-mode} turns Lazy Lock mode on or off, | |
1006 according to the argument (with no argument, it toggles). You can also | |
1007 arrange to enable Lazy Lock mode whenever you use Font Lock mode, like | |
1008 this: | |
1009 | |
1010 @example | |
1011 (setq font-lock-support-mode 'lazy-lock-mode) | |
1012 @end example | |
1013 | |
1014 @vindex lazy-lock-minimum-size | |
1015 It is not worth avoiding buffer fontification for small buffers. | |
1016 Therefore, the variable @code{lazy-lock-minimum-size} specifies a | |
1017 minimum buffer size for demand-driven buffer fontification. Buffers | |
1018 smaller than that are fontified all at once, as in plain Font Lock mode. | |
1019 | |
1020 @vindex lazy-lock-defer-time | |
1021 When you alter the buffer, Lazy Lock mode defers fontification of the | |
1022 text you changed. The variable @code{lazy-lock-defer-time} specifies | |
1023 how many seconds Emacs must be idle before it starts fontifying your | |
1024 changes. If the value is 0, then changes are fontified immediately, as | |
1025 in plain Font Lock mode. | |
1026 | |
1027 @vindex lazy-lock-defer-on-scrolling | |
1028 Lazy Lock mode normally fontifies newly visible portions of the buffer | |
1029 before they are first displayed. However, if the value of | |
1030 @code{lazy-lock-defer-on-scrolling} is non-@code{nil}, newly visible | |
1031 text is fontified only when Emacs is idle for | |
1032 @code{lazy-lock-defer-time} seconds. | |
1033 | |
1034 @vindex lazy-lock-defer-contextually | |
1035 In some modes, including C mode and Emacs Lisp mode, changes in one | |
1036 line's contents can alter the context for subsequent lines, and thus | |
1037 change how they ought to be fontified. Ordinarily, you must type | |
1038 @kbd{M-g M-g} to refontify the subsequent lines. However, if you set | |
1039 the variable @code{lazy-lock-defer-contextually} to non-@code{nil}, Lazy | |
1040 Lock mode does this automatically, after @code{lazy-lock-defer-time} | |
1041 seconds. | |
1042 | |
1043 @cindex stealth fontification | |
1044 When Emacs is idle for a long time, Lazy Lock fontifies additional | |
1045 portions of the buffer, not yet displayed, in case you will display them | |
1046 later. This is called @dfn{stealth fontification}. | |
1047 | |
1048 @vindex lazy-lock-stealth-time | |
1049 @vindex lazy-lock-stealth-lines | |
1050 @vindex lazy-lock-stealth-verbose | |
1051 The variable @code{lazy-lock-stealth-time} specifies how many seconds | |
1052 Emacs has to be idle before stealth fontification starts. A value of | |
1053 @code{nil} means no stealth fontification. The variables | |
1054 @code{lazy-lock-stealth-lines} and @code{lazy-lock-stealth-verbose} | |
1055 specify the granularity and verbosity of stealth fontification. | |
1056 | |
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1057 @node JIT Lock Mode |
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1058 @subsection JIT Lock Mode |
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1059 |
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1060 @findex jit-lock-mode |
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1061 The command @kbd{M-x lazy-lock-mode} turns JIT Lock mode on or off, |
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1062 according to the argument (with no argument, it toggles). This support |
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1063 mode is roughly equivalent to Lazy Lock but is generally faster. It |
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1064 supports stealth and deferred fontification. |
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1065 |
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1066 Font-lock uses @code{jit-lock-mode} as default support mode, so you |
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1067 don't have to do anything to activate it. |
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1068 |
25829 | 1069 @node Fast or Lazy |
1070 @subsection Fast Lock or Lazy Lock? | |
1071 | |
1072 Here is a simple guide to help you choose one of the Font Lock support | |
1073 modes. | |
1074 | |
1075 @itemize @bullet | |
1076 @item | |
1077 Fast Lock mode intervenes only during file visiting and buffer | |
1078 killing (and related events); therefore buffer editing and window | |
1079 scrolling are no faster or slower than in plain Font Lock mode. | |
1080 | |
1081 @item | |
1082 Fast Lock mode is slower at reading a cache file than Lazy Lock | |
1083 mode is at fontifying a window; therefore Fast Lock mode is slower at | |
1084 visiting a file than Lazy Lock mode. | |
1085 | |
1086 @item | |
1087 Lazy Lock mode intervenes during window scrolling to fontify text that | |
1088 scrolls onto the screen; therefore, scrolling is slower than in plain | |
1089 Font Lock mode. | |
1090 | |
1091 @item | |
1092 Lazy Lock mode doesn't fontify during buffer editing (it defers | |
1093 fontification of changes); therefore, editing is faster than in plain | |
1094 Font Lock mode. | |
1095 | |
1096 @item | |
1097 Fast Lock mode can be fooled by a file that is kept under version | |
1098 control software; therefore buffer fontification may occur even when | |
1099 a cache file exists for the file. | |
1100 | |
1101 @item | |
1102 Fast Lock mode only works with a buffer visiting a file; Lazy Lock | |
1103 mode works with any buffer. | |
1104 | |
1105 @item | |
1106 Fast Lock mode generates cache files; Lazy Lock mode does not. | |
1107 @end itemize | |
1108 | |
1109 @vindex font-lock-support-mode | |
1110 The variable @code{font-lock-support-mode} specifies which of these | |
1111 support modes to use; for example, to specify that Fast Lock mode is | |
1112 used for C/C++ modes, and Lazy Lock mode otherwise, set the variable | |
1113 like this: | |
1114 | |
1115 @example | |
1116 (setq font-lock-support-mode | |
1117 '((c-mode . fast-lock-mode) (c++-mode . fast-lock-mode) | |
1118 (t . lazy-lock-mode))) | |
1119 @end example | |
1120 | |
1121 @node Highlight Changes | |
1122 @section Highlight Changes Mode | |
1123 | |
1124 @findex highlight-changes-mode | |
1125 Use @kbd{M-x highlight-changes-mode} to enable a minor mode | |
1126 that uses faces (colors, typically) to indicate which parts of | |
1127 the buffer were changed most recently. | |
1128 | |
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1129 @node Trailing Whitespace |
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1130 @section Trailing Whitespace |
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1131 |
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1132 @cindex trailing whitespace |
28124 | 1133 @cindex whitespace, trailing |
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1134 @vindex show-trailing-whitespace |
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1135 The option @code{show-trailing-whitespace} can be customized so that |
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1136 Emacs displays trailing whitespace in the face |
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1137 @code{trailing-whitespace}. Trailing whitespace is defined as spaces or |
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1138 tabs at the end of a line. To avoid busy highlighting when entering new |
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1139 text, trailing whitespace is not displayed if point is at the end of the |
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1140 line containing the whitespace. |
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1141 |
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1142 @node Tooltips |
28124 | 1143 @section Tooltips (or `Balloon Help') |
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1144 |
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1145 @cindex balloon help |
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1146 @findex tooltip-mode |
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1147 Tooltips are small X windows displaying a help string at the current |
28432 | 1148 mouse position, typically over text---including the mode line---which |
1149 can be activated with the mouse or other keys. (This facility is | |
1150 sometimes known as `balloon help'.) Tooltips may be available for menu | |
1151 items too. | |
1152 | |
1153 To use tooltips, customize the user option @code{tooltip-mode}. The | |
1154 customization group @code{tooltip} controls various aspects of their | |
1155 display. If Tooltip mode is not activated, the help text is displayed | |
1156 in the echo area instead. | |
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1157 |
28124 | 1158 @node Mouse Avoidance |
1159 @section Mouse Avoidance | |
1160 | |
1161 Mouse Avoidance mode keeps the window system mouse pointer away from | |
1162 point to avoid obscuring text. Whenever the mouse is moved, the frame | |
1163 is also raised. To use it, customize the option | |
1164 @code{mouse-avoidance-mode}. You can set this to various values to move | |
1165 the mouse in several ways: | |
1166 | |
1167 @table @code | |
1168 @item banish | |
1169 Move the mouse to the upper-right corner on any keypress; | |
1170 @item exile | |
1171 Move the mouse to the corner only if the cursor gets too close, | |
1172 and allow it to return once the cursor is out of the way; | |
1173 @item jump | |
1174 If the cursor gets too close to the mouse, displace the mouse | |
1175 a random distance & direction; | |
1176 @item animate | |
1177 As @code{jump}, but shows steps along the way for illusion of motion; | |
1178 @item cat-and-mouse | |
1179 The same as @code{animate}; | |
1180 @item proteus | |
1181 As @code{animate}, but changes the shape of the mouse pointer too. | |
1182 @end table | |
1183 | |
1184 You can also use the command @kbd{M-x mouse-avoidance-mode} to turn on | |
1185 the mode. | |
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1186 |
25829 | 1187 @node Misc X |
1188 @section Miscellaneous X Window Features | |
1189 | |
1190 The following commands let you create, delete and operate on frames: | |
1191 | |
1192 @table @kbd | |
1193 @item C-z | |
1194 @kindex C-z @r{(X windows)} | |
1195 @findex iconify-or-deiconify-frame | |
1196 Iconify the selected Emacs frame (@code{iconify-or-deiconify-frame}). | |
1197 The normal meaning of @kbd{C-z}, to suspend Emacs, is not useful under a | |
1198 window system, so it has a different binding in that case. | |
1199 | |
1200 If you type this command on an Emacs frame's icon, it deiconifies the frame. | |
1201 | |
1202 @item C-x 5 0 | |
1203 @kindex C-x 5 0 | |
1204 @findex delete-frame | |
1205 Delete the selected frame (@code{delete-frame}). This is not allowed if | |
1206 there is only one frame. | |
1207 | |
1208 @item C-x 5 o | |
1209 @kindex C-x 5 o | |
1210 @findex other-frame | |
1211 Select another frame, raise it, and warp the mouse to it so that it | |
1212 stays selected. If you repeat this command, it cycles through all the | |
1213 frames on your terminal. | |
28432 | 1214 |
1215 @item C-x 5 1 | |
1216 @kindex C-x 5 1 | |
1217 @findex delete-other-frames | |
1218 Delete all frames except the selected one. | |
25829 | 1219 @end table |
1220 | |
1221 @node Non-Window Terminals | |
1222 @section Non-Window Terminals | |
1223 @cindex non-window terminals | |
1224 @cindex single-frame terminals | |
1225 | |
1226 If your terminal does not have a window system that Emacs supports, | |
1227 then it can display only one Emacs frame at a time. However, you can | |
1228 still create multiple Emacs frames, and switch between them. Switching | |
1229 frames on these terminals is much like switching between different | |
1230 window configurations. | |
1231 | |
1232 Use @kbd{C-x 5 2} to create a new frame and switch to it; use @kbd{C-x | |
1233 5 o} to cycle through the existing frames; use @kbd{C-x 5 0} to delete | |
1234 the current frame. | |
1235 | |
1236 Each frame has a number to distinguish it. If your terminal can | |
1237 display only one frame at a time, the selected frame's number @var{n} | |
1238 appears near the beginning of the mode line, in the form | |
1239 @samp{F@var{n}}. | |
1240 | |
1241 @findex set-frame-name | |
1242 @findex select-frame-by-name | |
1243 @samp{F@var{n}} is actually the frame's name. You can also specify a | |
1244 different name if you wish, and you can select a frame by its name. Use | |
1245 the command @kbd{M-x set-frame-name @key{RET} @var{name} @key{RET}} to | |
1246 specify a new name for the selected frame, and use @kbd{M-x | |
1247 select-frame-by-name @key{RET} @var{name} @key{RET}} to select a frame | |
1248 according to its name. The name you specify appears in the mode line | |
1249 when the frame is selected. | |
1250 | |
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1251 @node XTerm Mouse |
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1252 @section Using a Mouse in Terminal Emulators |
28124 | 1253 @cindex xterm, mouse support |
1254 @cindex terminal emulators, mouse support | |
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1255 |
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1256 Some terminal emulators under X support mouse clicks in the terminal |
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1257 window. In a terminal emulator which is compatible with @code{xterm}, |
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1258 you can use @kbd{M-x xterm-mouse-mode} to enable simple use of the |
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1259 mouse---only single clicks are supported. The normal @code{xterm} mouse |
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1260 functionality is still available by holding down the @kbd{SHIFT} key |
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1261 when you press the mouse button. |